下面是小编给大家整理的主持词写作的讲解，本文共15篇，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
篇1：主持词写作的讲解
主持词写作的讲解
主持词的写作没有固定格式，它的最大特点就是富有个性。不同内容的活动，不同内容的节目，主持词所采用的形式和风格也不相同。
一、主持词的写作，首先要突出活动主旨并贯穿始终如今，文化呈多元趋势，各种主体性活动很多。了解了活动主题以后，通过主持词的写作将主题贯穿于所有的节目之中，从而使活动主题步步深化，丝丝入扣，不断将活动推向高潮。
二、写好开场白，要把握好吸引观众、创设情境、导入主题三个环节开始如何吸引观众的视线，如何把握观众的心理，怎样导入主题，主持词开场白的写作非常重要。必须掌握三个环节：
一是先声夺人，通过对所有来宾的问候，将观众的注意力全部吸引过来。比如：尊敬的各位领导，亲爱的观众朋友们：大家好!”这样的问候，可以让所有的观众都对号入座，调动起观众的参与热情并迅速投入到节目的欣赏中去。二是对现场和当时情景加以描述，让观众感到熟悉、感到亲切自然，乐于接受。比如：《 7月9日中国济南国际儿童广场晚会主持词》的开场白中这样写道：甲：寂静的园林已笼罩着一片暮色的苍茫，远方的山峦又勾画出一个个令人喜爱的卡通形象;乙：飞泻的霓虹早已闪烁着七彩的灯流，泉城的夏夜呀四处弥漫着花草的芬芳;甲：风儿歇息了，鸟儿也歇息了，只有潺潺的流水拨动着爱的琴弦在轻轻歌唱。由于当时设定的演出场地是在泉城公园中，主持词通过对特定的周边环境的描述，并表现出一种优美和深幽的`意蕴，让观众身临其境，容易引起的感情上的共鸣。其三，观众被吸引之后，应迅速导入主题，进入节目欣赏。开场白写得再好，也不能好无休止的朗诵下去，因为这里不是诗歌朗诵会;所以，将观众的情绪调动起来以后，应迅速切入主题，让观众进入第一个节目的欣赏，让活动演出拉开帷幕。主持词的开场白，从篇幅上可长可短;但应该把握好以上三个环节，达到吸引观众、创设情境、导入主题的目的。
三、要增加主持词的文化内涵，达到寓教于乐的目的主持词的写作，在不增加篇幅的情况下，应尽量增加文化内涵，寓教于乐，不断提高观众的文化知识和素养。采用和历史文化有关的表述方法去写作。
四、注意对象，增强艺术表现力比如为少年儿童写作的主持词，在语言的表述中应尽量采用具有少年儿童特征的语言。具有少儿特点的语言不但容易拉近观众的距离，很容易被少儿所接受;否则，过分成人化的语言，则失去了少儿童天真的特性。在集会或联欢会开始的时候，成年人往往这样开场：“尊敬的各位领导、各位来宾、女士们、先生们：大家好!”假如孩子们在主持集会或联欢会时，原样照搬，就贻笑大方了，可以改成：“亲爱的爷爷、奶奶、叔叔、阿姨、老师们、同学们：大家好!”当我们成年人介绍某位领导时，往往这样介绍：“今天参加联欢会的有市委书记×××同志”;如果换成孩子们介绍，可以改成：“让我们用掌声，欢迎市委书记×××叔叔参加我们的联欢活动”等等。
五、借鉴诗词和散文诗的写作手法，提高主持词的艺术感染力中国格律诗词经过几千年的发展，已经成为一种独特的文化景观。格律诗词讲究修辞，用字精炼，语句结构规范，意境含蓄深远，叙事、抒情柔和一体，典故、哲理浑然天成，它是如此深刻的和我们民族的心理纠结在一起，以至在中国人心目中，它成为了一种神话，一种不可企及的文化典范，一种超越时空的精神家园。在主持词的写作中，不可能严格按照旧体诗词的句式和字数(甚至词性对仗)和平仄声调(包括韵脚)去写作，而是写出诗风词韵就很可以了。俗话说：“诗乃心语，情乃诗魂”。写诗重在一个“情”字，情者有感情、激情、热情之别。首先要有感情，才会触景生情，这就是激情;但又必须热心于写，这就需要热情。因此，主持词的写作，也必须带着创作的激情和热情去写作，才能写出煽情、感人的主持词。散文诗的特点是，它兼有散文与诗歌两种体裁的属性，本质上还是一种诗歌的形式。它借用于散文的外观和部分写作手段与诗歌的语言、灵魂结合为一体，为表达主题而服务。无论是诗词和散文诗的这些特点，都成为了主持词写作中经常借鉴的写作手法。比如，在主持词写作中，运用诗词写作中的对仗、押韵技巧，可以让主持人读起来琅琅上口，听起来具有音乐的节奏美;在大段的抒情性的描述中，则可以借鉴散文诗的写作特点，可以分行，也可以不分行，可以段落形式出现。比如：甲：我们从西河遗址走来，身上凝聚着开拓未来的力量乙：我们从平陵古城走来，绽开一个个彩色的梦想甲：我们传承着李清照、李开先的遗风呵合：勤奋学习天天向上，做一个新时代的中华小儿郎甲：请听童声独唱：中华小儿郎。
自从1985年，在中央电视台的春节晚会上第一次出现主持人的身影以来，主持词这门新兴的艺术形式已经发展了二十多年时间。主持词已经成为各种演出活动和集会中不可或缺的重要组成部分。可以说，主持词是我国艺术门类中很特殊的艺术形式，它往往依附于各种演出和聚会而出现，很少像诗歌、散文那样成为独立的艺术主体。但好的主持词仍具有很高的艺术价值，值得人们回味、欣赏。
篇2：辞职报告写作讲解
辞职报告写作讲解
第一段：
写出辞职的心理(当然不一定是真的)，你可以写一些客套的句子。例如：经过多方面的考虑，我打算辞掉目前所从事的职位……，或者：因家中变故，我打算申请辞去我现在的工作。因此整个第一段可以这么写：
尊敬的人力资源经理：
您好!
经过深思熟虑地思考，我决定辞去我目前在公司所担任的职位，我知道这对于您来说，是非常难以
作决定的事情;对于我来说，也是非常难过的决定!
第二段：
第一段：写出辞职的心理(当然不一定是真的)，你可以写一些客套的句子。例如：经过多方面的考虑，我打算辞掉目前所从事的职位……，或者：因家中变故，我打算申请辞去我现在的工作。因此整个第一段可以这么写：
说明您自己考虑的辞职的时间(尽管您提出辞职经公司同意后，公司的`人力资源部将按照固定的离职日程办理离职手续，但这样说并不是画蛇添足，大多数情况下，你都能够争取到提早离开的时间)。例如：
我考虑在此辞呈递交之后的2―4周内离开公司，这样您将有时间去寻找适合人选，来填补因我离职而造成的空缺，同时我也能够协助您对新人进行入职 培训 ，使他尽快熟悉工作。另外，如果您觉得我在某个时间段内离职比较适合，不妨给我个建议或尽早告知我。
第三段：
公司员工的薪酬水平的相对低廉，这是业界不争的事实。即便如此，每年都有一些的条件优秀的年轻人愿意申请加入，他们中不少甚至是降薪来就。同时，每年也有一些成熟的骨干离开公司，谋求更高薪酬的工作
充分利用中心组学习等形式认真学习，深刻领会十六届四中全会和中纪委四次全会精神，从政治的高度认识转变干部作风的重要意义，利用重大典型案件集中开展警示教育，教育领导干部居安思危，树立过紧日子，苦日子的思想，严禁公车私用，铺张浪费，严格落实集团公司“两不准”规定和领导干部配偶，子女“六不准”规定，加强对配偶，子女和身边工作人员的教育管理，真正做到自重，自省，自警，自励。
总之，辞职跳槽本身对于员工来说，是一个有风险的行为。在做出这个行为之前，需要深思并做好承担风险的心理准备，并且需要储备相应的法律常识来保存对自己有利的证据，必要时，也需要求助于专业律师为妥。
(一)辞职申请书标题 辞职信在申请书第一行正中写上申请书的名称。一般辞职申请书由事由和文种名共同构成，即以“辞职申请书”为标题。标题要醒目，字体稍大。
说明您在这个公司里的经验积累，尽可能地去赞扬公司对您的栽培(不论您有多么大的委屈和气愤，都不应该在辞职信里表露)。例如：我非常重视我在“……公司”内的这段经历，也很荣幸自己成为过“……公司”的一员，我确信我在“……公司”里的这段经历和经验，将为我今后的职业发展带来非常大的利益。
最后，请务必使用亲笔签名，而且签名要尽量刚劲，并写好日期。
最后要强调的是，不是所有的人都会去选择这种规范的请辞的方式，但是，在结束一段工作经历的时候，尝试着写一份精彩的辞职报告递交上去。也许，自己会从中得到很多意料之外的收获。
篇3：简历写作讲解
简历写作讲解
简历最重要的是要有针对性。这个针对性有两层含义：一是简历要针对你所应聘的公司和职位;二是你的简历要针对你自己，写出自己在大学的亮点。
写简历前将自己在大学的学习、社会工作和生活仔细回想一遍，写下有亮点的事情。如成绩优秀，获得过奖学金或者获得过什么竞赛奖励等;如参加过学生会工作、学生社团工作，到哪些单位实习过，组织过什么活动，取得什么业绩等;如自己在大学里做过什么有意义的事等。找出自己与众不同的地方，找出能反映自己良好素质的成绩或实践活动。
然后根据所应聘的岗位和公司进行一定的筛选和修改。打个比方，如果是应聘技术型的工作，重点是要突出你的专业成绩、实践能力、团队精神等。简历上应该体现你的专业成绩，曾经做过的与应聘岗位有关的项目及所取得的成绩，或在专业刊物上发表的论文;另外，也可以稍加一点你参加的社会活动，表现你的团队合作精神。如果是应聘销售类的工作，重点要突出你的沟通能力、人际交往能力和不服输的精神。简历上应体现你的社会活动业绩，你曾经做过的兼职，以及你因为坚持和毅力取得的成绩。
(1)开始部分包括：标题，姓名，年龄，学历，婚姻状况，健康情况，联系地址，求职目标等。
求职目标要结合自己的实际情况去选择职业目标，应该考虑的因素有：专业所长;兴趣;待遇;能力;学历;年龄;性别;性格;爱好;社会习俗(其中兴趣与待遇最为重要)。例如：你一心想学好外语，并且打算在一两年之内出国深造，那么你就可以把旅行社、国际观光宾馆、贸易公司、外事机构、航空公司、进修学院作为优先考虑。对于特别热门、应聘人特别多的职业，选择要谨慎行事。简历中职业目标的写法:工作目标书写讲究简练清楚，最好不要超过四十个字。
(2)中间部分主要陈述个人的求职资格和所具备的能力。
A、专业包括自己所学的专业和业余所学的专业及特长;具体所学的课程等;自己所受教育的阶段;体的证明材料、证书等;育背景的.陈述，要突出与招聘工作密切相关的论文、证书与培训课程等。
B、工作经历和能力说明工作经历，尤其是与求职目标相关的工作经历;一定要说出最主要，最有说服力的资历、能力和工作经历;说明的语气要坚定、积极、有力;具体的工作、能力、关系等证明材料等;写工作经验时，一般是先写近期的，然后按照年代的逆顺序依次写出。最近的工作经验是很重要的。在每一项工作经历中先写工作日期，接着是工作单位和职务。在这个部分需要注意的一点是，陈述了个人的资格和能力经历之后，不要太多提及个人的需求、理想等,适可而止.
(3)结尾部分多是提供证明自己资历、能力以及工作经历的证明材料，其中也包括自己的一些补充。例如学历证明、学术论文、获奖证明证书、专业技术职业证书、专家教授推荐信等。这些材料可以列在另外的附页上.如有必要,可以附加证明人一项.但需要说明的是：在证明人栏目中要说明证明人的姓名、职务、工作单位与联系方式。当你同时对许多单位写个人简历，而难于提供许多对方熟悉且有说服力的证明人时，你也可以在简历结尾处注明，'一经需要，即提供证明人'等.
篇4：商务英语写作讲解：如何写收据
实用商务英语写作讲解：如何写收据
收据种类很多，有收条、借据、订阅单、订货单等，是在跟对方发生钱和物的关系时写给对方作为凭据的条子，起书面证据作用。在写借据、收条时，写字据的`日期写于右上角，然后写明是“借”还是“收到”，“借”、“还”钱或物的名称和数量。立据人写于右下角。
例一：借款。
To Mr. Charles Green,
May. 18,
I. O. U. three thousand U.S. dollars (U.S. $3000) only, within one year from this date with annual interest at four percent (4％).
David Smith
兹借查尔斯・格林先生叁仟美元（U.S. $3000），年息四厘，自即日算起，一年内归还。
借款人
戴维・史密斯
5月18日
I. O. U.＝ I owe you 也可写成IOU, 即“我欠你”的意思，译成汉语为“今欠”、“今借到”。
例二：收到物品
June. 8, 2000
Received from Mr. Handel the following things:
One typewriter
One tape-recorder
Bruce
206月8日
兹收到汉德尔先生下述物件：
打字机壹台
录音机壹台
布鲁斯
例三：订阅单。
写订阅单时共分四个部分：1、订阅刊物的名称、起止时间；2、订阅人的姓名；3、订阅人的详细地址；4、附言。
SUBION form
(Write in Block Letters Please)
Please enter my subion to “The Times” for one year beginning with the January issue of 2000.
Name: Niles Palmer
Address: 421 Swan Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan, the United States of America
Enclosed please find a postal money order in the amount of 7.60 dollars.
篇5：雅思写作高频话题讲解:Advertising
雅思写作高频话题范文讲解:Advertising
Word count: 291
In the times when the consumerism pervades, the public are bombarded with relentless advertising in a wide range of media. Some cynics tend to regard advertisement as the source of some morbid behavior and trend, I hold the view that advertising can play an active part in many social and personal dimensions.
Some advertisement, if viewed in the light of art, is of great aesthetic value and can present the audience or the spectators a sense of enjoyment. A piece of meticulously-made advertisement is usually characterized by ingenious plot, unique protagonists and the first-class audio and visual effect. There is no doubt that this kind of advertisement is beyond the simple definition of marketing tool and the consumers who enjoy these can be well impressed and will be saturated in an atmosphere which can be evenly matched by the beauty of other forms of arts such as music and movies.
Besides, advertising is also an effective way which can proliferate information and narrow the gap between those who intend to send out the right information and the corresponding recipients. For example, some public service advertisement can inform the viewers of some advocated social values such as altruism, frugality and dedication to work. Some commercials, though it is more profit-oriented, can also convey the information concerning some specification of products.
The flipside of advertising lies in the occasional occurrence of misleading and deceptive information, which will undermine the basic rights of the consumers. Also, the individuality of consumers is likely to fade awayas the commercials endorsed by some celebrities will make consumers buy some similar products without considering their own needs.
In conclusion, advertising should be embraced in a more diverse and open society, though some minor drawbacks cannot be neglected.
雅思阅读：定语从句在阅读填空中原来这么重要?!
很多同学在准备雅思考试的时候都能意识到语法的重要性，尤其是在口语和写作这两个单项的时候。而对于阅读考试，我所听过的有些同学的想法就是：“背背单词，或者学一下做题技巧就可以了。”的确这两方面很重要，不过，阅读考试对于语法(包括不同类型的简单句和复杂句)的考查也“暗含其中”，把语法知识融会贯通可以让我们在答题的时候更加得心应手。在这里，我们就用几个例子来说明定语从句在阅读填空题中的重要性。
第一个例子出自于剑桥雅思真题8(简称“剑8”)P52第39题: The sense of smell may involve response to……which do not smell, in addition to obvious odours.(题目要求答案只写一个单词)这个题目按照关键词和顺序原则可以定位到文中E段的第三句话: Researchers have still to decide whether smell is one sense or two—one responding to odours proper and the other registering odourless chemicals in the air.
有的学生可能会对于题目和文中的个别单词表示困惑或者整句话不知道怎么翻译，于是答案迟迟不敢写。但是当我们再分析一下题目，就会发现39题所填单词实际上是由一个定语从句所修饰，所以根据语法知识，答案的词性就应该是名词。同时，从句中助动词do是原形，可以再次确定答案是可数名词的复数，通常以-s或-es结尾。
文中这句话中两个单词researchers和chemicals都是可数名词复数，于是当我们再缩小答案范围的时候，就会发现关系词which指物或者事情，而researchers意思是“研究者”，表示人，不能被which所修饰，所以答案只能是chemicals这个词了。
相似的例子还出现在剑11P20第6题：One form of vertical farming involves planting in……which are not fixed.
同样的道理，空格中的答案被which引导的定语从句所修饰，因此我们判断答案词性还是名词，而且还是物体的名词。从句中所用的be动词形式是are，所填的单词就是可数名词复数。
我们之前看到的两个例子都是定语从句出现在题目当中，而下一个题目就稍有不同。请看剑5P18的第6题：According to his biographer, James Boswell, Johnson’s principal achievement was to bring……to the English language. (题目要求：答案不超过两个单词)
我们先判断答案的词性是名词，然后根据顺序原则和关键词答案能定位到原文17页倒数第二段最后一句话：It is the cornerstone of Standard English, an achievement which, in James Boswell’s words, conferred stability on the language of his country.通过观察题目与原文句子的关系能找出答案范围，就在“conferred stability on the language”这几个词中，不过介于对conferred这个词的意思比较陌生，大多数同学误以为这个词可能是动词过去分词，在文中起修饰作用，于是就把答案写成了“conferred stability”，而且似乎还很符合字数限制中所要求的两个单词。
其实，如果我们再分析一下文中的句子，就会发现achievement后面被which引导的定语从句所修饰，再把插入成分“in James Boswell’s words”去掉后，从句就变成了“an achievement which conferred stability on the language of his country”。
根据语法知识，我们知道由that/who/whom/which引导定语从句的时候，从句部分是一定要缺少成分(缺少主语或者宾语)，但是绝对不能缺少谓语动词，因此conferred在从句中的成分为谓语动词，时态是一般过去时，第6题答案只能是“stability”。
当然，除了填空题以外，定语从句还会出现在雅思阅读考试的其他题目，以及其他三个单项的考试当中。同学们学习完了语法的理论知识后，一定要在考试题目中运用出来。同样，如果在做练习的时候遇到不太熟悉的语法点，也要做及时的补充和积累。
雅思写作高分技巧：巧用各种句式
雅思写作对于很多同学来说比较难得分，想要得高分就更难了，但是其实只要同学们弄清楚评分的标准并且按照要求操作，写作也就只是纸老虎了。下面我们来看看几个雅思写作高分技巧。
同学们不难从官网上找到评分的四项要求，其中有一项“Grammatical Range and Accuracy”，是同学们觉得比较难提高的。这一项对于满分的要求有一条的是“Uses a wide range of structures with full flexibility and accuracy.” 这一条要求的精髓就在于“wide range of structures”，也就是说同学们要能够在写作中体现出能运用各种句式结构的能力，包括简单句、各类从句、分词短语、并列句等等。
然而，同学们在写图表作文的时候最常碰见的困扰之一就是觉得句型太过单一、单调。但是只要同学们按照评分标准有意识的去进行句式的变化，避免句式的重复其实一点也不是难于上青天的事情。
避免句式重复的第一个方式就是运用英语的各种句式结构。所谓的英语的句式结构，在写作中其实只有很有限的四个：简单句，并列句，复合句和复杂句。小作文中常用的除了简单句和并列句之外，复合句是同学们需要掌握的重点。
1.固定宾语从句
仔细研究剑桥系列考官的范文，不难发现，小作文中常用的复合句其实就是宾语从句，定语从句和状语从句。
e.g. 举个栗子，在《剑8》的Test 2考官范文中的第一句话：
The charts show how much a UK school spent on different running costs in three separate years: 1981, 1991 and .
还有《剑7》的Test 2范文中的最后一段：
the graph shows how the consumption of chicken increased dramatically while the popularity...
《剑7》的Test 4的最后一段：
it is clear that...
大家不难发现，宾语从句常用在开头，结尾或者两段过渡句的写作中。
2.翻新定语从句
定语从句是同学们复合句中用的最普遍的，也是最容易掌握的句式。但如果想要满足对于定语从句的出彩使用，同学们可以参考《剑9》的Test 2范文中第四段的最后一句话：
e.g.《剑9》Test 2 This rise was particularly noticeable between 1990 and 2000, during which time the use of mobile phones tripled.
这里考官并没有用“常规”的which引导的定语从句，而是使用了“介词+关系词”的方式，使得句子变得高大上了许多。类似的用法在《剑5》的Test 1中最后一段话也有出现。
可以看出比较容易操作的方式是在句子后出现时间的时候，使用during which或者by which这样的结构，可以将具体图表变化的趋势写出来，或者可以直接使用关系副词中指代时间的when。
e.g.《剑8》Test 2 This cost decreased to only 5% of total expenditure in 1991 but rose dramatically in 2001 when it represented 23% of the school budget.
3.巧用状语从句
e.g.《剑7》Test 2 Although it remained the least popular food, consumption levels were the most stable.
这里用了让步状语从句来表示位置最低的线，那我们不难得出结论：在动态图中，表述最大的数值或者最高的柱，其实都可以使用让步状语从句。
比如这样一个句子Courses made up the largest proportion in factors that influenced students’ choice and its percentage decreased from 40% to 34%.
如果我们使用让步状语从句，就可以变成了：Although Courses made up the largest..., its percentage still decreased...这样，并列句就可以很好的转化成状语从句了。
e.g.《剑6》Test 3 This stage lasts for up to six weeks until the larva produces a cocoon of silk thread around itself.
时间状语从句是流程图中常用的句式，还有常用的连接词为while, since, when, after和before。
e.g.《剑5》Test 1While the figures for the Western countries grew to about 15% in around 1990, the figure for Japan dipped to only 2.5% for much of this period.
4.合并并列句
在小作文的写作中，中国学生最常用到的除了简单句就是由and或者but, then引导的并列句。那么避免过多并列句重复的一个很好的方式就是使用非谓语动词，即：分词做状语或者独立主格。
《剑7》Test 2中，对于鸡肉这条线的描述，同学们都会描述为：鸡肉的消耗量显示出一个上升的趋势，并且在1980年超过羊肉，在1989年超过了牛肉。大部分同学第一反应的句子都是：The consumption of chicken showed an upward trend and it overtook lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989.
在这个句子中，and连接了两个并列的简单句，但两个简单句的主语是一样的，这个时候同学们就要想到分词作状语，省略其中的一个主语，这个被省略的主语和它的动词之间是主动关系。所以overtook变成现在分词的形式，那么这句话就合并为：The consumption of chicken showed an upward trend, overtaking that of lamb in 1980...
合并之后的句子既简洁，也能够符合欧美人的表达习惯，考官当然就会欣然给分。类似的表达方式还可以在很多的考官范文找到例证。有的同学可能会问，如果并列句的主语不一样呢?
e.g.《剑8》Test 1 These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s, with Europe having a much as 9.8% of degradation due to deforestation.
在这句话中，两个简单句主语不一样，考官采用了独立主格的方式，将想要置于从属地位的简单句主语保留，动词主动关系就变成了现在分词，然后加上了with，让原本的并列句马上显的高大上，得分自然也就高大上了。
5.主语多样化
以上的这些改换句式的方式可以很好的起到避免句式重复的方式，但是如果满篇都是不同复合句的堆砌，多少会显的文章过于矫情，这个时候变换简单句就能很好的起到调节的作用。变换简单句最直接的方式就是变换主语。英文的主语不同重点也会发生变化，所以能够有效的起到避免重复的作用。最常用的变化主语就是there be句型。
e.g.《剑5》Test 1 A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan.
在这个例句中，考官使用了被动语态，并且用了上升的名词形式做了主语，使得简单句也变得“不简单”了。同样的用法还出现在考官的其他范文中。
e.g.《剑9》Test 2 This rise was particularly noticeable between and 2000.
最后一个可以当做替换主语的是常常被忽略的时间段。比如说1989到2000这一段时间内见证了一个急剧的上升，这句话就可以写成“The period of 1989 and 2000 witnessed a sharp increase.” 这样的话就可以避免了常规的“上升”句式了。
以上的一些雅思写作高分技巧在考官的范文中都多有出现，它们可以有效的避免句式的重复，在语法这一个方面达到一些提分的目的。希望同学们能够多多练习，达到灵活运用各类句型。文章长短句交错，每句话的形式结构恰到好处，为合理传递信息表达思想而服务。让小作文在内容和语言方面都能绽放光彩
篇6：托福写作提升实例讲解
托福写作提升实例讲解如何找独立写作的分论点
实例讲解一
题目一Do you agree or disagree the following statement : Leadership comes naturally: one cannot learn to be a leader.
题目二：Some people have ambitious dreams and keep following them, but other people always focus on realistic goals and try to achieve them. Which do you think is better?
托福作文理由，忌讳的就是就事论事，不作任何扩展。当不作任何扩展的时候，也就是不做任何细化的时候，其实不惯是老托福还是新托福，一个寻找作文理由利器就是细化。
所谓细化，就是不要拘泥于单纯的题目。第一个题目，大家都觉得很空，“领导力”到底该怎么找理由，完全没有头绪。第二个题目，也是一样的，“具有挑战性的梦想”与“现实的目标”感觉远不如老托福里面的“是否建立工厂”好想理由。
但是如果我们对于领导力进行举例，我们自然而然的就会想到乔布斯，是一个超伟大的大企业家，乔布斯有什么过人的能力呢。1创新能力，否则不会有iphone与ipad; 2审美能力，否则Mac的字体不会那么漂亮，iphone也不会那么完美;3坚韧不拔的能力，否则也不会建立皮克斯东山再起。再来想创新能力，我们可以通过旅游来获得，什么可以通过学习来获得，坚韧可以通过体育来获得。到这，不也就找到了写作的方向了么。
再比如说现实的梦想，还是挑战性的梦想，我们也可以进行举例。现实的梦想：1去海南旅游;2考全班前5 ;3给父母买礼物。为什么要做这些事情呢?1去海南旅游，可以多游泳，锻炼身体; 2考全班前5，可以激发自己的积极性，告诉自己通过自己的努力可以实现; 3给父母买礼物，可以增进家庭成员的感情。这不就有很好的理由了么。
实例讲解二
题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: People can solve important problems by themselves or with the help from their family members so there’s no need for the government to help them.人们是否能不靠上级部门的关注，自己解决重要问题。
首先举个例子，到底什么算重要问题。买房难算是大问题吧，要不是在国内买不起房，你为什么要出国呢。买房都涉及什么。1地点：父母可以帮你选; 2钱：父母可以帮你提供; 3电器和装修：自己赚钱解决。当然，有些考友会觉得这样的就太琐碎了。其实很简单，你可以再提炼吗，这个题目，“地点”就可以提炼为前期准备;“钱”就可以提炼为“资金”;“电器和装修”就可以提炼为“后期升级和维护”，这不就是3个理由出来了么。
托福作文理由，切忌就事论事，其实只要我们大胆的进行举例，然后需要的时候，再适当提炼，其实作文思路是非常好寻找的。前几天给姑娘写情书的时候，你也不能只写我爱你，还一定要写“不看你的眼，不看你的眉，看的时候心里跳，看过以后眼泪垂，不看你的眼，不看你的眉，不看你也爱上你，忘了我是谁”这里的眼与眉不都是举例么
托福写作语料库积累：实用课程和兴趣课程
1、Some people think that students should be encouraged to study those fields such as science, technology, engineering and mathematics rather than they have interest in. Do you agree or disagree?有人认为学生们应该学习科技，工程学，数学，而不是他们感兴趣的课程，你是否认同这个观点?
2、It is more important to choose to study a subject that interests you than a subject preparing you better for a job or career. Do you agree or disagree?学习感兴趣的课程比学习有助于就业的课程更加重要，你是否同意这个观点?(
3、Some people think that all university students should study whatever they like. Others believe that they should only be allowed to study subjects that will be useful in the future, such as those related to science and technology. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 有人认为学生们应该学习他们感兴趣的科目，有人认为学生们应该学习对于未来有用的课程，讨论两种观点，谈及你的立场。
托福写作范文赏析：
首段：背景介绍 + 争议焦点 + 写作立场
Education is one of the key words of our time, however, people's views differ greatly as to which should be the superior option of academic pursuit, to opt for courses conducing to future career or to focus on subjects that interest them. As I see it, compared with choosing subjects that can help young adults ready themselves for career challenges, to deliberately specialize in one's favorite courses is more commendable.
二段：反驳段：学习感兴趣的课程的利好
Opting for the courses in which one takes considerable interest will enjoy more visible merits. First, one's study motivation can be highly stimulated provided that one can choose subjects exerting a peculiar fascination on him or her. Conversely, people might generate career burnout even if they might get profit-making jobs.
三段：反驳段：学习感兴趣的课程的利好
Also, taking one's favorite subjects can fully tap his or her infinite potentials. Meanwhile, one can fully enjoy the process of learning and career life. Apart from that, it is also a sort of success if one can perfectly combine specialized knowledge with career ambition. Therefore, college students have sound reasons to select the courses that interest them.
四段：让步段：学习实用性课程的利好
Indeed, I have to concede that the acquisition of pragmatic courses might still have some benefits. Sure enough, job-related courses will help one outshine many candidates and successfully secure a decent job. That is why some people feel that education is a kind of investment and competitive courses such as engineering, science and technology can, in most cases, earn high interests. Thereby, what some people are concerned about is whether the course of their choice can lead to a profitable career. After all, career-related subjects can lay a solid foundation for climbing the career ladder.
尾段：亮明观点 + (总结理由)
In closing, I re-affirm my conviction that even though choosing utilitarian subjects is never without merit, university students should still be encouraged to choose their favorite areas of study.
托福写作语料库：词组
1. course = subject n.课程
2. career-oriented course = career-oriented subjects 以就业为导向的课程
3. take considerable interest in … = take keen interest in … 对于……很感兴趣
4. secure a decent job = get a decent career 找到一份体面的工作
托福写作句法语料：
1. conduce to … 有助于……
2. sure enough 的确
3. enjoy more visible merits 有更多的明显的利好
4. to do sth. is more commendable 去做某事更加值得推荐
5. to do sth. deserves more recommendations 去做某事更加值得推荐
托福写作语料库：短语
1. ready themselves for career challenges 使他们为未来的事业挑战做好准备
2. exert a peculiar fascination on sb. 对于某人极其有吸引力
3. might generate career burnout 也许会产生职业倦怠
4. fully tap one's infinite potentials 充分地开发一个人的无限潜能
5. combine specialized knowledge with career ambition 把专业知识和职业梦想结合起来
6. choose utilitarian subjects 选择实用性的课程
7. choose their favorite areas of study 选择他们喜欢的学习领域
8. outshine many candidates 胜过很多的候选人
9. lead to a profitable career 带来一个有利可图的事业
10. can lay a solid foundation for climbing the career ladder 可以为攀登事业的阶梯打下坚实的基础
托福写作模板：自主阅读还是规定阅读
The reading students do on their own is as important as or more important than that assigned by the teachers.
托福写作模板范文参考：
Sure enough, to open a book is always beneficial. Reading, by occupying time so constructively, can make us feel contented, with no time for boredom. Whether reading books arranged by teachers or to enjoy our favorite works has sparkled a debate. I always believe that to read books that really interest us can best stimulate our reading zeal and tap our infinite potentials.
Free reading, as a superior option, has many advantages. It provides relaxation for leisure hours and thus kindles our reading interests. Indeed, interest is the best teacher. To read good books can be a habit-formation only when we find plenty of fun in reading. More precisely, the pleasure of reading lies in reading itself. For example, as a fancier of literature, I used to read a great many literary works. Reading those thought-provoking books stirred my vivid imagination, stimulated my creativity, and deepened my insights into life. On the contrary, I might slacken my efforts at reading and my reading enthusiasm might wither if I was forced to read unfavorite books.
Secondly，students might loose the ability to make independent choice if they only read at the guidance of teachers. By that I mean, it is highly possible that those who only read books recommended by educators will feel at sea once teachers once they lose their exterior incentives. Meanwhile, one man’s meat is another man’s poison. People’s reading tastes differ greatly, some reading assignments designed by teachers, even though are meaty and classic, might fail to arouse every individual’s reading impulses and arouse their sympathies. In this sense, reading might lose its charm.
Indeed, I have to concede that most reading assignment designed or recommended by teachers have withstood the test of instructional experiment. Those reading lists, in most cases, are carefully chosen. Thereby, to do some reading praised by teachers can help students avoid aimless reading and save precious time. What I want to rebut, however, is that students should be encouraged to make their own reading choices，what educators need to do maybe just provide timely guidance and useful suggestions.
In sum, my standpoint is that to inspire students to make free reading choices is one of the best approaches to ignite their reading interests and motivate their reading zeal.
托福写作模板：大学对体育活动和图书馆的投资
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Universities should give the same amount of money to their students' sports activities as they give to their university libraries. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
托福写作模板范文参考：
I disagree strongly with the idea that the same amount of money should go to university sports activities as to university libraries. Although playing sports is a wonderful way to learn about teamwork, strategy and reaching your goals, it should not be the principal focus of a university education.
Students need the most up-to-date library facilities available to get the best education. Many of those facilities are very expensive to buy and maintain. These include computerized programs and access to Internet research databases that students can use to find information all around the world. If a university is only offering its students resources of a decade ago, it's depriving those students of a tremendous amount of information.
Even the book and magazine budget of universities has gone up tremendously in the last decade. More is being published on every subject, and every university wants to have this information available to its students.
It also costs money for universities to keep their libraries open. Students need to have access to all the libraries research tools as much of the time as possible. Because students are young and can stay up all night studying, many universities are starting to leave their libraries open all night during exam periods. This costs money, because the staff has to be paid extra to be there. It also costs money to run the building (electricity, heat) during that time.
Students at universities are only going to benefit from their education if they can get to all the tools they need to learn. Sports are secondary to the resources that students need from university libraries. For this reason, libraries should always be better funded than sports activities.
托福写作
篇7：实例讲解托福写作使用方法
实例讲解托福写作模板使用方法
为什么要用模板?托福独立写作，由于字数等原因，做题速度一定要快，而且要能把自己想要表达的意思表达出来。
实例讲解：
Do you agree or disagree with the followingstatement?
In twenty years, printedbooks will no longer be in existence.
题目问大家是否同意这样一种说法：后，纸质书将不复存在。
针对这样一道对未来的某种趋势进行预测的题目，同学们应该避免完全赞成或完全反对。理由很简单：未来某件事会不会发生很难说的准。因此我们建议采取不同意的态度，即认为20年后，纸质书不一定会不复存在。这种折中的观点会有利于大家展开论述。那么开头段怎么写呢?比较好掌握的一个方法叫做观点对比法。请看以下例子：
Some people hold that in twenty years, e-books will substituteprinted books because the former is much more convenient than the latter. Othersmaintain that despite of the many merits e-books present; printed books willnot become extinct. From my perspective, the statement is ungrounded because itignored not only the drawbacks of e-books, but also some intrinsic value ofprinted books.
针对这样的一个开头段，我们可以提炼出以下的托福独立写作模板：
Some people hold that…… others maintain that…… From my perspective,the statement is ungrounded because ……
与此同时，还可以对该模板中的“hold, maintain“，“from my perspective“,“ungrounded“进行同义替换, 增强模板的多样性和适用性。模板可以升级为：
Some people hold/argue/maintain/claim that…… Othershold/argue/maintain/claim that…… From my perspective/As far as I'm concerned/Inmy opinion/From my point of view, the statement isungrounded/unwarranted/invalid/unjustifiable because。
托福写作模板:演艺明星的高薪
Some famous athletes and entertainers earn millions of dollars every year. Do you think these people deserve such high salaries? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
托福写作范文：
Nowadays, the annual incomes of many sports stars and film stars come to millions of dollars. Some people claim that their salaries are too high. Yet, in my opinion, such salaries are well deserved. They work hard to become famous, provide entertainment for us, and win honors for their countries.
First, famous athletes and entertainers make painstaking efforts to achieve fame. Fame is a wonderful thing to have, but it seldom appears overnight. Famous people have worked hard for years to achieve their fame today and they have to continue their good work to maintain it. For their hard work, sports and entertaining stars deserve to be generously rewarded. Unfortunately, people tend to focus on the huge amounts of money made by them. They rarely appreciate the efforts that athletes and entertainers have to make in order to achieve the fame that they have today. For example, in order to win the first place in a 100-meter dash, an athlete has to cover hundreds of miles during training. Famous stars deserve their high salaries because they have worked hard.
Second, sports and entertaining stars provide us with good entertainment. On weekends, many of us attend a football match that includes Beckham, see a movie that stars Julia Roberts, or go to a concert that features Celine Dion. These people help us make good use of our free time by entertaining us. As a result, we feel inspired as well as relaxed. In other words, we feel energetic again after attending the events. We even feel that we have more to enjoy in life and have new aspirations. For such reasons, these people are worth their high salaries.
Third, athletes and entertainers win honors for their countries. For example, after four years’ hard work, many athletes win gold medals at the Olympics Games. They are able to make millions of dollars a year after the games. Such high salaries are justified, because these athletes have won honors for their countries in the most competitive arena and have made their people proud, something few people can even dream of. This is true for entertainers as well. Many actors and actresses receive high salaries after they have won Oscars or prizes at Cannes Films Festival. Those people also deserve high salaries, because they have made a name in films for their country and have made their country better known by people elsewhere in the world.
All in all, famous athletes and entertainers merit their high salaries, for their hard work, entertainment they provide, and their contribution to their country. If I had a chance, I would be a famous star who can make millions of dollars a year.
托福写作模板:大学生选择专业
Students should choose the major such as science, technology, and engineering which can help them find good jobs instead of the major which they are interested in.
点睛
题目大意：大学生应该选择哪种专业：能够帮助他们找到好工作的专业(比如科学类，技术类和工程类)VS自己喜欢的专业。此题目波波建议选择感兴趣的专业：理由如下1.学习更有动力 2.从长远来看，更有利于就业。
托福写作范文参考:
11月5日托福独立写作范文
The question of “ what is the most important subject or skill the schools should teach? ” has never failed to attract attention from educators, school administrators and even politicians especially when it comes to subjects like technology, engineering and math. Some argue that students should be encouraged to take such classes rather than the ones they are interested in since they give them a better shot to find jobs. However, personally, I am not in favor of this position based on the following reasons.
Admittedly, it is true that courses like technology, engineering and math are very
technical, most of which can be applied in solving real world issues. However, the exposure that students have to apply these theories are very limited in class. Taking technical oriented classes will not give students a competitive edge to ensure future jobs opportunities, on the other hand, there are enormous benefits for students to take courses that they are interested in.
First off, taking courses that students are interested in can be a great motivation for them to achieve higher goals. Old saying “ interest is the best teacher” remains relevant as it did a century ago. Interest serves as the internal motivation for students to explore in the area that they are interested, on the contrary, if they are forced to take courses for a utilitarian purpose, they might not keep their interest for a long time thus have a lower learning efficiency. Recent study conducted by the Society of Developmental Psychology shows that students will be more enthusiastic and passionate about learning when given the freedom to make their own choices to take classes. Also, giving students the opportunity to choose the classes they are interested in can help them to explore their real interest, thus their potential can be fully tapped before heading off for career options.
Additionally, taking courses students are interested in have enormous practical purposes and they can be a great source of leisure and relaxation. For instance, lots of students like art and music but seldom do they have a chance to learn. Actually, taking art and music classes help to develop creativity and make the students more imaginative. Actually, lots of scientific research in the psychological field shows that early exposure to art and music not only boosts academic achievement but also promotes creativity, self-confidence and school pride. Students who spend more time in learning art and music end up having higher analytical thinking and reasoning skills than those who don’t.
In conclusion, taking courses that students are interested in can be a great motivation for them to achieve higher goals and it can also be a great source of leisure and relaxation.
篇8：雅思写作高分句型讲解
Another reason why people from the countryside transfer to the city is because of the modern conveniences that city living brings.
解析：适用于引入原因(带题目关键词)
句型框架：主语从句+ is because of the 原因 +宾语从句 (包括主从，宾从两个名词性从句)
例句中，people from the countryside transfer to the city 是对题目关键信息的复述，句型中“原因”部分使用一个名词或名词词组。
Exercise: causes of congestion in megacities
篇9：雅思写作高分句型讲解
Air pollution resulting from the factory and vehicle emission poses serious health concerns, considering the irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, as well as increased risk of heart attack.
解析：把问题的原因和具体结果都用非谓语形式体现，主语只说关键词造成问题(概括性的名词)，即air pollution poses serious health concerns.
句型框架：关键词 resulting from… and … poses serious …concerns, considering … as well as…
例句中，描述air pollution 的形成原因部分resulting from和造成的健康问题具体包括什么considering都使用的是非谓语形式。
Exercise: cause and effect of social networking
句型虽好，可不要贪心。具体写作时并不是复杂句越多越好，一篇文章中用1-2个这样的逻辑句型就可以，大多数还是要使用基础句型，逻辑清晰，准确表达更重要。
篇10：雅思写作高分句型讲解
This is only a possible version; you can create other correct sentences with the same structure
Exercise 1: causes of congestion in megacities
The reason why traffic congestion in megacities is increasing is because of the excessive growth of vehicle numbers that growing population brings.
Exercise 2: causes of overpopulation
Today, the advanced science have offered better medical facilities, promoted fertility treatment, and brought down death rate. This results in increasing population growth and becoming overpopulated gradually.
Exercise 3: cyber crime
Cyber-crime is another by-product of technology advancement which poses threat to the social security; internet fraud, online piracy and spread of violent and pornographic content create great risks which are available easily on the web without screening, causing harm to the social order.
Exercise 4: cause and root cause of obesity
Some people believe that obesity is a result of inactive life, as this causes less exercise and over eating.
Exercise 5: cause and effect of social media
Development of social networking resulting from technological advancement and fast-paced modern life poses serious social concerns, considering gradually alienated relationship between people, as well as deteriorated interpersonal communication skills.
雅思写作同义替换技巧 急中生智化险为夷
雅思写作同义替换技巧一反义正解
比如是这句话：他是个勤劳的人，这句话勤劳可能很多同学不太会拼diligent 甚至会拼成delegent，但是通过反义正解的方法。
比如：他不是懒惰的人= 他是个勤劳的人，懒惰这个单词大家都知道是lazy， 所以 not lazy= diligent。
可能大家觉得这个例子比较简单，我们可以看这句话:压力是不可避免的因素在现在的生活,“不可避免”查字典的话会有如下的单词:inevitable/ unavoidable/ indispensable 这些单词基本都是6级词汇对于高中学生是比较难背的,但通过反义正解的话。
不可避免=必要/必须的= necessary 这句话就很好的表达了。
如下几个例子同学看参考一下：父母经常忽视孩子的成长
neglect/ ignore：忽视=不重视
父母经常不重视孩子的成长:Parents often do not pay much attention to the growing of children.
雅思写作同义替换技巧二具体解释
大家可能在电视节目上看到过 我来笔画你来猜的节目，其实就是对词语的解释，其实这个方法也可以用在雅思写作中，比如这个例子：政府应该提供资助给难民
资助sponsor/subsidize，难民 refugee
这两个单词属于六级词汇，如果用具体解释的方法
资助可拆分为资=金钱上的=financial 助=帮助=help
难民=遭受灾难的人=the people who were suffered from disaster.
这句话就可以很容易的解释出来：The government should provide financial support/help for the people who were suffered from disaster.
例子1虐待儿童的人应该受到惩罚
maltreat：虐待=残忍地=不好地=坏地对待
The people who treat children cruelly/badly should be punished
例子2房价开始轻微地开始下降
slightly：轻微=以缓慢的速度
The price of house start to decrease at a slow rate.
例子3人们应该努力在生态平衡的问题上做出贡献
ecological balance：生态平衡=人与自然地平衡
People should make great efforts to the problem on the balance between human beings and nature
例子4政府应该严厉地惩罚罪犯
罪犯=违反法律的人，the people who violate/disobey the law
The governmnet should stictly punish the people who violate/disobey the law.
大家会发现通过解释说明的方法，字数会显得特别长，既不用背单词，又可以很清楚的解释出来，感觉哎呦不错，能凑字数。
雅思写作同义替换技巧三同义替换
同学们也同样可以从中文的角度出发，进行一下意思的转换，
比如 天天用牛奶洗脸是奢侈的。还是用特仑苏洗脸奢侈到极品。
奢侈这个单词是extravagant， 如果我们从中文上转换一下，天天用牛奶洗脸是浪费的。跟上句话意思是一样的，但是浪费的这个单词 wasteful 大家就像大宝天天见一样，我们的同学是非常熟悉的：Washing face with milk everyday is wasteful.
例子1生活质量提高，缓解家庭经济负担
Improve living quality, and release the economic burden of family：生活水平提高，减少家庭花费
improve living level/ living standard, and reduce the family spending.
例子2梅西毫无争议是最优秀的足球运动员
不会表达的单词：indisputably
梅西肯定，必然是最优秀的足球运动员
Messi is certainly/surely/ must be the best football player.
雅思写作评分标准解读 写作琅琊榜
雅思写作标准之一. Task response & Task achievement
此项评分标准检测的是考生是否恰当回答了写作要求的程度(degree to which the exam question has been answered properly).
Task 1的要求是考生在大约20分钟内完成一篇至少150字的文章，包括：summarize, describe or explain 图表所包含的信息，同时也需要对相关信息进行比较。因此完成一篇较好的小作文，需要做到以下几点：1)Identify ALL key features (找出图表中所有的关键信息)2)Provide sufficient detail for a meaningful explanation(进行解释说明时提供充分、适量的信息)，但是不要太多也不要太少!(突然想起了老外吐槽咱们中国食谱中的加盐“少许”)同时保证在描写趋势和数据时的准确性。3)A clear overview (一个清晰的概述)：summarise significant trends/features(总结出最明显的趋势和特征)
Task 2 的要求是考生在大约40分钟内完成一篇至少250字的文章：就某一问题阐述自己的观点，并使用证据来支持此观点。请注意：task 2 的分值比task 1要高! 那么要完成一篇出色的大作文，需要注意以下几点：1)respond completely to all parts of the question (回答题目中的所有要求)2)develop and support your ideas (提出并使用论据支持自己的观点)：不要只提观点!添加explanations, examples or experiences!3)ensure your opinion is clear (保证整篇文章的观点清晰一致)最后，提供考生们在写作时可以运用的一个checklist：标出题目中的关键词;找出问题中有几个部分;保证完成题目中的所有要求;写作之前先梳理出观点并确定其相关性;然后将观点进行分类和排序;严格遵循建议时间(20min+40 min)并达到最低字数要求。
雅思写作官方标准之二. Coherence & cohesion
该评分标准旨在考察考生组织文章以及连接信息和观点的能力。几个注意点如下：1)进行分段2)句首中心句3)使用连接词或短语来连接段落和句子 (注意不要使用过度!)
雅思写作官方标准之三. Lexical Resources
此项评分标准考察考生写作词汇的多样性&准确性。几条小建议：1)注意学习同义词2)学习词伙(collocation)，而非一个独立的单词3)使用正确的词性4)写完一定要检查(检查拼写错误，丰富语言)5)正确使用一些不常见词汇注意：考官并不会看你词汇或观点的创新性，而是有效、准确地阐述!!
雅思写作官方标准之四. Grammatical Range & Accuracy
此项评分标准考察考生写作语法的多样性&准确性。语法的多样性发面方面，请关注：时态，比较级，条件句，情态动词，被动语态的使用。同时也请注意使用复杂句，注意整篇文章简单句和复杂句用量的平衡。注意，标点符号使用错误也会失分!不过，并不要求考生做到100%无误，但控制错误率很重要!考官将会根据这些错误“影响信息交流的程度”酌情扣分，而非“错误的数量”!注意：留出时间检查语法错误，你会发现你总是能够发现一些错误!
附雅思官方针对写作各分数段的描述
篇11：雅思写作高分句型讲解
Today more and more people rely on cars instead of walking, have less physical demands at work and prefer inactive leisure activities. This results in burning less calories and gaining weight.
解析：适用于解释句，说明三种具体原因或结论段总结原因和结果
句型框架：主语+ P.O.1 , P.O.2 and P.O.3 . This results in doing sth.1 and doing sth.2.
例句中，三组P+O (谓语+宾语)是平行结构，第二句的”This” 指代三组P+O; doing sth.1 是result，doing sth.2是ultimate result。
Exercise: causes of overpopulation
篇12：雅思写作高分句型讲解
Effluents are another by-product of industries which poses threat to the environment; leather and tanning industries, petroleum industries and chemical manufacturing industries create major waste products which are released directly into nearby streams without treatment, creating river pollution and causing harm to aquatic life.
解析：适用于说明一个原因(论点)后紧接着把这个原因的几个方面具体化论述。
句型框架：原因 is another by-product of … which poses threat to 主题词; 具体方面1，具体方面2 and 具体方面3 create … which are V+ed ….without…, V+ing …..to …
例句中，which are…的部分是定语从句，Ving…to…是非谓语用法。
Exercise: cyber crime
雅思写作高分句型之4. X(root cause), Y(cause), Z(result)式
Some people believe that global warming is a result of burning fossil fuels, as this causes increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
解析: 这里我们把造成global warming (result)的原因分为burning fossil fuels(root cause)和increased carbon dioxide(cause), 原因和根本原因，然后用适合的句式组织起来，使得逻辑论证层次更丰富。
句型框架： Some people believe that …(result) is a result of … (root cause), as this causes ….(cause).
具体的句式组织还可以是以下五种，R(result), C(cause), RC (root cause):
ü (R) has been directly affected by (RC), as this allows for (C).
ü As a result of (RC) leading to (C), (R) has been possible.
ü (RC), thus allowing for (C), has resulted in (R).
ü (RC) results in (C), which in turn leads to (R).
ü Given (RC), it follows that (C) would mean (R)
Exercise: cause and root cause of obesity
篇13：IELTS写作示范及技巧讲解
Task 1 :
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
Topic: Compare the types of communication used in 1962 and in 1982.
You should write a minimum of 150 words.
A: Draft
1. Short / Simple Introduction.
2. Paragraph talking about one behaviour Pattern.
3. Paragraph talking about contradictory behaviour Pattern.
Concluding Remark.
B: Model Answers:
1. General Overview /Introduction.
The two pie charts compare different methods of communication used in 1962 and 1982. We can see that for the three media surveyed, there are significant changes for each.
2. Paragraph dealing with information which decreases.
In 1962, letter writing was the most popular form of communication, accounting for 50% of the total. However, by 1982, this figure fell to just 10%, the smallest of that year’s figures. (*In this paragraph, we make it clear, which time period we are writing about. Don't repeat “the year” again and again.)
3. Paragraph dealing with information which increases.
By contrast, we can see that the use of the phone and computers during this same period have both risen dramatically. The telephone, at 60% becomes the most used form of communication, rising from 35%. Similarly, the use of computers, doubles to 30%. (*No need to use 15%. We can understand OK using this type of phrase.) Overall, we can see some important changes in the forms of communication employed during the two decades surveyed.
篇14：IELTS写作示范及技巧讲解
Task 2 :
Topic: Most high-level jobs are done by men. Should the government encourage a certain % of these jobs to be reserved for women?
You should spend no more than 40 minutes on this task. You should write a minimum of 250 words. You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience to support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.
A: Draft
1. Introduction - short statement of opinion.
2. Body paragraph (1)(2) Different reasons to support opinion. (3) Statement of opposite point of view “balances” essay.
3. Conclusion - summarizes Body.
B: Model Answers:
1. Introduction / opinion
Most of the jobs in society that are high-paying, powerful, and demand a lot of responsibility are held by men. I do not believe this situation arose because women are incapable of doing high-level work. I believe society could benefit if more women were in positions of power and therefore I think the government should reserve a percentage of these jobs for females.
2. Why should government encourage a certain of high level jobs for women?
(first reason)Firstly, the problem of unfair employment distribution appears to come from social convention and not competence or true ability. At a young age most girls are not encouraged to pursue political office, business success, or professional prestige. On the other hand, boys are told to do these things. As a result, men hold the high level jobs but this does not mean they are very good at what they do. If the government set a quota for hiring women to do high level work, such as working in the government itself, then perhaps women would be more inspired to be ambitious in their life plans and contribute to a less-than perfect society.
(second reason) Furthermore, regulations in the workplace for hiring women would not be a new thing. Although not written or made into law, there seems to be rules for who can and cannot have high-level jobs. For instance, if a man and a woman both competed for the presidency of a company or even the country, and both were equally qualified and had the same experience and background, there is little doubt who would get the job. Even more, if the man was less qualified and less experienced than the woman, the man would still probably get the job because of his sex. Therefore, to legislate a percentage of high level jobs for women would work to fight the unwritten sexist rules of the workplace.
(Other points of view: 3-different arguments against my opinion.)
On the other hand, there are many arguments against the use of a quota system for women. It is true that the injustice and discrimination could be reversed. This is to say that some qualified men might be denied a job while some unqualified women would be given one. Also, the problem of sexism at work could be worsened instead of being overcome. People would doubt whether a women with a high level job was “truly capable”--men might feel bitterness and resentment, while women might think less of themselves and begin to depend on government “charity”. Furthermore, there is the problem of defining what is a high-level job and determining an appropriate percentage. ( Final statement that supports my opinion again.) Nonetheless, a quota system would break down some barriers in the short-term. Sexism in the workplace will not just magically disappear.
3. Conclusion
To sum up, I have outlined some advantages and disadvantages of making quotas for the number of women in high-level jobs. Despite some of the obvious problems I believe that men and women can and should share power, wealth, and prestige. It is a cause worthy of our efforts.
篇15：英语写作句子成份讲解
句子主要成分：主语、谓语、宾语
写作离不开句子，要写好英语句子，首先要了解英语的句子由哪些成分构成，能充当这些成分的各是什么词？
句子的组成部分分为：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语，其中主语与谓语是主要成分，一般不可缺少；其他成分可根据具体的句子加以选择。本单元主要复习句子的主要成分：主语、谓语、宾语。
一、主语
句子的主体，表示句子所说的是谁或是什么。
练习：请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么（词，短语或句子）可以充当主语。
1. The boy comes from Amierican.
2. He usually wenti to school alone.
3. Studying English is every important.
4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.
5. That he won the prize excited everyone.
6. It is important for us to have our dreams.
7. It is obvious that he was wrong.
8. It is no use crying over spilt milk.
归纳：主语一般由名词、_______,或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当（包括_____,______还有_______）。另外，当句子的主语为_______,_________或_________时，主语部分太长，为使句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语。
二、谓语
说明主语动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词词组充当。除了倒装等情况外，谓语总是位于主语的后面。既句子最主要的两大成分位置是：主语 谓语。英语写作句子成份讲解
动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与动词原形构成合成谓语，助动词与动词的适当形式（如：原形、现在分词、过去分词）共同构成谓语部分。
注意：谓语与主语在人称和数方面要相互照应。
练习：请找出下列句子的谓语并指出谓语的构成：是实义动词、连系动词+表语、情态动词+动词的原形还是助动词+动词的适当形式？
1. His parents are teachers.
2. The sun rises in the east.
3. We have finished reading the book.
4. You ought to work harder.
5. I felt cold.
6. He doesnt like music.
三、宾语
表示动作的对象，跟主语的性质差不多。一般由名词、宾格代词（me ，he等）或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当（包括不定式、动名词还有宾语从句）。宾语可分为直接宾语和间接宾语说明动作是对谁或为谁而做，直接宾语则是动作的承受着或结果。一般情况下，宾语都是在动词的后面， 它的顺序是：主语 谓语 宾语
练习：请找出下列句子的宾语并指出充当宾语的词（是名词、宾格代词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词还是宾语从句）？
1. He has never met her in person.
2. She handed him a book.
3. He likes to play basketball.
4. We enjoy listening to the music.
5. She said that she felt sick.
6. They sent the injured to hospital.
7. I find it possible to believe her any longer.
8. We consider it no good getting up late.
9. They believed it strange that he should have done that.
注意：当句子的宾语为_________、______、或_______时，常用形式宾语it，以保持句子的平衡。
答案：一、主语
1. The boy 名词 2.He 代词 3. Studying English动名词 4.To teach him a lesson不定式
5．That he won the prize主语从句 6.it 形式主语，to have our dreams 不定式短语作真正主语 7.it 形式主语， that he was wrong 主语从句作真正的主语 8. it 形式主语 crying over spilt milk动名词短语做主语
二、谓语
1. His parents are teachers.系动词+表语
2.The sun rises in the east.实义动词
3.We have finished reading the book.
4.You ought to work harder.情态动词+动词原形
5.I felt cold.系动词+表语
6.He doesnt like music.助动词+动词原形
三、宾语
1. He has never met her in person.宾格代词
2.She handed him a book. Him宾格代词做间接宾语，a book名词作直接宾语
3．He likes to play basketball.不定式短语
4．We enjoy listening to the music.动名词短语
5．She said that she felt sick.宾语从句
6．They sent the injured to hospital.名词化的形容词
7．I find it possible to believe her any longer. It形式宾语 不定式作真正的宾语
8．We consider it no good getting up late. It形式宾语，动名词作真正的宾语
9．They believed it strange that he should have done that. It形式宾语，宾语从句做真正的宾语
[英语写作句子成份讲解]
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