下面是小编收集整理的试卷上空题的检讨书，本文共15篇，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。
篇1：试卷检讨书
尊敬的领导：
您好！
对不起！我知道我这次的行为性质极其的严肃，可能会面临被学校开除的风险，现在的您知道这个消息一定是痛心之至，我不知道学校会怎么惩罚我，也不知道您会怎么惩罚我，但是我在开始行动之前我就已经想好后果了，舍生取义，舍我其谁，我这次偷盗试卷并不是为了我个人，我是为了我们班集体，为了让比人班对我们班刮目相看，为了让班上所有同学享受这次学校难得的福利，但是事与愿违，事情最终还是被我给搞砸了，给您、给班级带来这样的后果，我很抱歉，对不起。
我自己个人背负小偷的骂名也就算了，还害您和整个班级受牵连，真的对不起，我也听到了他们在背后是怎么议论我们的，“xx老师怎么教出来这样的学生？”“该不会就是他唆使自己的学生去偷试卷的吧”“考不过我们也不要用这种下三滥的手段吧”……要多难听有多难听，这完全违背了我的初衷，我只是想让我们班出一下风头而已，可是我的行为太多余偏激了，才导致这样的后果。我们班的学习成绩在整个年级来说只能算是中上水平，但是这次的期中考试，学校为了增加大家的'积极性，就提出了本次考试第一名的班级组织去秋游一次，免费，学校出钱，但只能有一个班级。班上的大家都非常想要这个名额，于是我便动了歪心思，想出了偷盗试卷这个极其愚蠢的办法。
本次参与偷盗的一共是三人，我们等到晚自习下寝后，偷偷从寝室溜出来的，然后在学校田径场待了将近一个半小时，因为那里没人，我们主要是想等学校的各位老师睡觉了，再行动，我们是晚上12：30行动的，走到学校办公楼的时候发现学校的巡查保安还没睡，于是我们一个人去电箱把整栋楼的电给断了，吸引保安过去查看，一个人负责放哨，我就负责潜入学校资料保密室拿我们这次的期中考试试卷，结果出人意料，学校的办公楼还有备用电源，灯一下子就亮起来了，摄像头也启动了，我们惊慌失措的逃了出来，但还是被摄像头看到了，我这里现在就有着一份期中考试试卷还有答案，我突然发现，这次的题，几乎都是您在课堂上给我们反复预习过的，这个时候我才知道，本次的试卷主要撰写人是老师您，您为了让我们能去秋游真的是煞费苦心，我却把这事给搞砸了，真对不起。
我们三个人已被取消本次的期中考试，因为我们已经知道题了。老师对于这件事，我不知道怎么跟您解释，但是我真的只是出于一片好心，我没想过会变成这样，真的对不起，我知错了。还望学校以及您能从轻处理我。
此致
敬礼！
检讨人：xxx
20xx年x月x日
篇2：没交试卷检讨书
尊敬的老师：
您好！
这次考试当中，我因为自己的一时意气，导致最后没有交试卷，这件事情被老师您知道之后，您表示非常的生气和失望。您叫我去了您的办公室，然后让我解释一下。我当时也把自己的一些真实情况和想法都跟您说清楚了，最后您对我也表示了谅解，但是还是要写一份检讨书多去思考自己的错误，并且想出改正的方法。
昨天是我们的月考，进入初二之后，其实我的心理变动一直都很大，有时候总是容易暴躁、易怒。其实我知道自己并不是控制不住自己的情绪，而是我很喜欢去放纵这样的情绪。昨天考试的时候，我就觉得自己的情绪很不稳定，而且非常的急躁，加上那一门考试是最后一门数学考试，我在这个过程中就很抓狂了，只要一遇到这样的情况，我的思维就有点不集中了，所以写到后面的时候，发现时间完全来不及了，但是我还有两页面还没有开始做题。
当时我的心态就崩了，整个人都处于一种非常极端的状态里。我当时挣扎了几分钟，最后还是选择了放弃。这份试卷，我没有做完，并且在最后收卷的时候，我没有交上去。之所以没有交上去，是因为我害怕去面对那样的一个成绩，所以我果断选择了逃避。但是现在想一想，这又怎么能逃避过去呢？
不管怎样，我们完成一件事情，都会有一个结果。或许这个结果不会明显的摆在我们的面前，但是它会深深的种在我们的心里，然后慢慢发芽，慢慢变成一个果实。而这一颗果实是否香甜，也是看在这个过程当中我们是否去努力了。所以这一次出现了这样极端的现象，我真的很抱歉，我也真的.很遗憾自己没有好好抓住机会，在考试中沉下心来，去证明自己。
这次事情其实给我的打击还是很大的，我知道自己在逃避什么，我也知道自己在这一次考试当中的举动给我们整个集体带来了多大的影响。做出这样的事情，我真的很愧疚，我也真的很后悔让老师您对我感到失望。两个人之间的信任都是靠平时的积累堆积起来的。现在我让老师您失望了，一方面会影响老师您对我的信任，其次也会让班里的同学觉得我是一个不思上进的人。所以这一次，我真的错了，我向您、向每一位同学致歉，对不起大家！
此致
敬礼！
检讨人：xxx
20xx年x月x日
篇3：没交试卷检讨书
尊敬的XX：
昨天，我由于没有交物理试卷，所以被老师您叫来鞋检讨书，我知道，老师们都真的很辛苦，但是我却没有认真听讲，所以才不敢交物理试卷，因为有很多的题目都是老师提到的，而我却还是不会写，每次老师说课后做练习，巩固那些刚学过的知识，我却因为碰到了几个难题，就不想趣写了。
我知道这样是不对的，可我怕那不堪入目的分数，让我无地自容，当我看到其他同学都将后面的题目写得慢慢的时候，我真的害怕交试卷啊。我为自己的错误感到非常的抱歉，我保证以后绝不会再发生这样的事情了，下不为例，我会深深地反省自己的。
XXX
年月日
篇4：没交试卷检讨书
尊敬的老师：
您好！
我在此次的小测试里面，没有交卷，也是自己没有去对测试重视起来，反而觉得也是没有什么太大的关系，试卷没交也是让老师无法知道我的学习进度是怎么样的，同时自己的行为也是对于考试的一个不尊重，我也是要对自己的行为而负责，同时接受老师的批评之后我也是在此做个检讨。
老师发现之后，再来问我的试卷，也是看到我的试卷是没有怎么去做的，我也是不知道该如何的来做，毕竟平时的学习本来也是不太好，之前也是老师说过我，要我对于学习要重视一些，而不能老是不去学习，这样也是会让自己的成绩会很差，但一直以来自己也是没有真的重视起来，此次测试，我也是不想考，所以也是没有认真的来做好题目，更是觉得没必要交卷，反正自己是考不好的，老师看不看都是一样的，但经过老师和我说了，我也是知道这是应该去做好的，学习的确是自己的一个事情，并不是老师的事情，如果自己都是不去重视学习，老师再怎么的和我说也是没用的了，而且以后的未来也是自己的，还是要学好知识才行，考试也是为了检测我们的平时学习，如果老师不看试卷也是不知道我学的到底是如何的，又是有哪些方面是需要进步的。
而且自己通过了考试，也是可以看到自己到底是哪些方面没有学好的，这是对于自己有利的事情，可之前自己确是没有去想通，也是让自己此次测试不想交卷，不想做好题目，我知道自己的确成绩是糟糕的，也还是经常让老师您操心我的问题，很抱歉，这次的事情又是让老师麻烦了，不过也是让我真的意识到还是要对自己的学习要做好，而不能还是这个样子持续下去了，特别是我已经是初中了，不再是小学生，也是更加的有压力，以后是要上高中的，如果还不去努力，那么可能高中都是考不上的，到时候去到社会，又是没有能力，还不懂得去学习，那么更是不容易生存下去的，老师也是为了我好，所以才来说我，才找我的问题希望我能改变的。
今后平时的学习我就是要去做好，然后再在考试的时候要做好准备，积极的做题目，即使不懂的也是要多去思考，只有如此，才能更好的发现自己的问题，然后去得到改变，让自己真的能有进步，也是特别感激一直以来老师的关心，我以后一定不会辜负的。
此致
敬礼！
检讨人：xxx
20xx年x月x日
篇5：语文试卷没交检讨书
语文试卷没交检讨书
尊敬的语文老师：
这段时间我的心情非常不好，您知道是为什么吗?对的，您一定知道就是我被邀请参加了学校组织的“十大表现糟糕学生”的评选活动，评选会议期间我因为“在校行为表现不佳”、“学习成绩糟糕”、“违反多项学校纪律”等原因被排名在“十大表现糟糕学生”的第六名，坦白说获得这样一个不前不后的名次是我未曾想到过的。在我看来，我身处这么一所现代化的优良学校当中，周围的同学都是好学生、上进生，实在是很难找到比我还表现不好的同学啊。尽管后来经过了解，排名在我前面的几位同学都是转校来的让我非常尴尬，这么一说来我就是土生土长的行为表现糟糕学生之最了。
面对这样一个荣誉头衔，我感到万分羞愧，这个羞愧丝毫不带双引号。我觉得自己遭致如此评价是有原因的，这可能跟我在近一周的表现密切相关。在最近一周时间里，我由于在期中语文考试当中没有上交试卷已经让语文老师愁眉不展，我一个人的成绩归零，让全班的语文平均分下降了3分，这直接如同给了语文老师雷霆一击，使得他老人家每次见到我都气得牙痒痒，恨不得将我生吞活剥。当然我得罪了数学老师的事实也是不容争辩的，在过去我在数学课上我经常说闲话，常常会引发数学老师朝我扔书、扔粉笔、扔黑板擦等现象，这也是司空见惯的事情，本来没有什么可稀奇的.。WwW.YBAsK.COM怎料最近数学老师因为领了工资心血来潮就学小青年赶潮流买了一部iphone4S手机，花了将近3500多元。买了iphone4S手机也就罢了，还经常带到教室里来上课炫耀炫耀，在星期三上数学课的时候一看到我说闲话就不小心拽去这部iphone4S手机朝我扔了过来，尽管iphone4S手机在空中划出了一道靓丽的抛物线，可我还是以灵活的身手躲了过去，只听数学老师惋惜、悲痛地喊出了“哎哟”一声，iphone4S手机应声落地，“啪啦”掉得粉碎，
当时全班同学都震惊了，保持着鸦雀无声整整三十秒钟，都感到惋惜，我也感到很惋惜。可是事后数学老师将过错归咎在我身上，说我怎么没有及时接住手机。这让我百思不得其解：因为原本数学老师都是用粉笔、书本、黑板擦扔的，我对于这三样物体已经形成了较为明显的条件反射，如同爱国者导弹拦截响尾蛇巡航导弹一样的灵敏，可是对于iphone4S手机这件新鲜事物，我全然无法分析与判断，更就别提稳稳接住了。
所以总的来说，我觉得对于这件事情自己是没有责任的，至于数学老师让我负担一部分iphone4S手机的费用，更是让我无法接受。当然了，对于语文老师没有上交的问题，我觉得自己没有什么可狡辩的。语文试卷不交是因为我觉得自己既然没有学好语文知识，试卷上基本一片空白，上交与否的效果也是一样的。当然了语文试卷不交反映出我是一个不学无术的差学生，这个问题已经让我引起了警觉。
我决定：从今往后要当一名好学生：一，我要认真学好语文知识，以便将来成为一名作家。二，我要认真学习好数学知识，即便学不好也要认真遵守数学课堂纪律，因为害怕数学老师下次用Ipad扔我，由于这类物件体积过大我可能躲不过去。第三，我下次一定要提升自身物件拦截水平，将物件拦截范畴从最初的“粉笔、黑板擦、书本”扩充到“粉笔、黑板擦、书本、iphone4S、Ipad、Nokia、篮球、鼠标、MP3、数码相机等”。并且也要提升拦截精度，确保老师所扔的贵重物品得到稳当的接受。
最后，请老师相信我认错反省的诚意。
此致!
篇6：语文试卷没交检讨书
语文试卷没交检讨书
1、语文试卷没交检讨书
尊敬的XX：
在最近一周时间里，我由于在期中语文考试当中没有上交试卷已经让语文老师愁眉不展，我一个人的成绩归零，让全班的语文平均分下降了3分，这直接如同给了语文老师雷霆一击，使得他老人家每次见到我都气得牙痒痒，恨不得将我生吞活剥。
语文试卷不交是因为我觉得自己既然没有学好语文知识，试卷上基本一片空白，上交与否的效果也是一样的。当然了语文试卷不交反映出我是一个不学无术的差学生，这个问题已经让我引起了警觉。
我决定：从今往后要当一名好学生，请老师相信我认错反省的诚意。
XXX
年月日
2、没有交语文测试卷子的检讨书
尊敬的XX：
今天，我怀着十二万分的愧疚以及十二万分的懊悔给您写下这份检讨书，以向您表示我对不交语文试卷的不良行为，深刻认识改正错误的决心。
这是一次十分深刻的检查，我对于我这次犯的错误感到很惭愧，我真的不应该不交语文卷子，我不应该违背老师的规定，我们作为学生就应该完全的听从老师的话，而我这次没有很好的重视到老师讲的话。我感到很抱歉，我希望老师可以原谅我的错误，我这次的悔过真的很深刻。
XXX
年月日
3、不交试卷的'检讨书
尊敬的XX：
昨天，我由于没有交物理试卷，所以被老师您叫来鞋检讨书，我知道，老师们都真的很辛苦，但是我却没有认真听讲，所以才不敢交物理试卷，因为有很多的题目都是老师提到的，而我却还是不会写，每次老师说课后做练习，巩固那些刚学过的知识，我却因为碰到了几个难题，就不想趣写了。
我知道这样是不对的，可我怕那不堪入目的分数，让我无地自容，当我看到其他同学都将后面的题目写得慢慢的时候，我真的害怕交试卷啊。我为自己的错误感到非常的抱歉，我保证以后绝不会再发生这样的事情了，下不为例，我会深深地反省自己的。
XXX
年月日
篇7：语文试卷没交检讨书
尊敬的XX：
在最近一周时间里，我由于在期中语文考试当中没有上交试卷已经让语文老师愁眉不展，我一个人的成绩归零，让全班的语文平均分下降了3分，这直接如同给了语文老师雷霆一击，使得他老人家每次见到我都气得牙痒痒，恨不得将我生吞活剥。
语文试卷不交是因为我觉得自己既然没有学好语文知识，试卷上基本一片空白，上交与否的效果也是一样的。当然了语文试卷不交反映出我是一个不学无术的差学生，这个问题已经让我引起了警觉。
我决定：从今往后要当一名好学生，请老师相信我认错反省的诚意。
XXX
年月日
篇8：语文试卷没交检讨书
尊敬的XX：
昨天，我由于没有交物理试卷，所以被老师您叫来鞋检讨书，我知道，老师们都真的'很辛苦，但是我却没有认真听讲，所以才不敢交物理试卷，因为有很多的题目都是老师提到的，而我却还是不会写，每次老师说课后做练习，巩固那些刚学过的知识，我却因为碰到了几个难题，就不想趣写了。
我知道这样是不对的，可我怕那不堪入目的分数，让我无地自容，当我看到其他同学都将后面的题目写得慢慢的时候，我真的害怕交试卷啊。我为自己的错误感到非常的抱歉，我保证以后绝不会再发生这样的事情了，下不为例，我会深深地反省自己的。
XXX
年月日
篇9：语文试卷没交检讨书
尊敬的XX：
今天，我怀着十二万分的愧疚以及十二万分的懊悔给您写下这份检讨书，以向您表示我对不交语文试卷的不良行为，深刻认识改正错误的决心。
这是一次十分深刻的检查，我对于我这次犯的错误感到很惭愧，我真的不应该不交语文卷子，我不应该违背老师的规定，我们作为学生就应该完全的听从老师的话，而我这次没有很好的重视到老师讲的话。我感到很抱歉，我希望老师可以原谅我的错误，我这次的悔过真的很深刻。
此致
敬礼！
检讨人：xx
20xx年xx月xx日
篇10：语文试卷没交检讨书
尊敬的XX：
昨天，我由于没有交物理试卷，所以被老师您叫来鞋检讨书，我知道，老师们都真的很辛苦，但是我却没有认真听讲，所以才不敢交物理试卷，因为有很多的题目都是老师提到的，而我却还是不会写，每次老师说课后做练习，巩固那些刚学过的知识，我却因为碰到了几个难题，就不想趣写了。
我知道这样是不对的，可我怕那不堪入目的分数，让我无地自容，当我看到其他同学都将后面的题目写得慢慢的时候，我真的害怕交试卷啊。我为自己的错误感到非常的抱歉，我检讨以后绝不会再发生这样的事情了，下不为例，我会深深地反省自己的。
此致
敬礼！
检讨人：xx
20xx年xx月xx日
篇11：语文试卷没交检讨书
尊敬的XX：
今天，我怀着十二万分的愧疚以及十二万分的懊悔给您写下这份检讨书，以向您表示我对不交语文试卷的不良行为，深刻认识改正错误的决心。
这是一次十分深刻的检查，我对于我这次犯的错误感到很惭愧，我真的不应该不交语文卷子，我不应该违背老师的规定，我们作为学生就应该完全的听从老师的话，而我这次没有很好的重视到老师讲的话。我感到很抱歉，我希望老师可以原谅我的错误，我这次的悔过真的很深刻。
XXX
年月日
篇12：英语六级真题试卷
英语六级考试真题试卷
art I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance job responsibilities and personal interests. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
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Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A) Stop worrying about him.
B) Keep away from the statue.
C) Take a picture of him.
D) Pat on a smile for the photo.
2. A) Gaining great fame on the Internet.
B) Publishing a collection of his photos.
C) Collecting the best photos in the world.
D) Becoming a professional photographer.
3. A) Surfing various websites and collecting photos.
B) Editing his pictures and posting them online.
C) Following similar accounts to compare notes.
D) Studying the pictures in popular social media.
4. A) They are far from satisfactory.
B) They are mostly taken by her mom.
C) They make an impressive album.
D) They record her fond memories.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. A) A journal reporting the latest progress in physics.
B) An introductory course of modem physics.
C) An occasion for physicists to exchange ideas.
D) A series of interviews with outstanding physicists.
6. A) The future of the physical world.
B) The origin of the universe.
C) Sources of radiation.
D) Particle theory.
7. A) How matter collides with anti-matter.
B) Whether the universe will turn barren.
C) Why there exists anti-matter.
D) Why there is a universe at all
8. A) Matter and anti-matter are opposites of each other.
B) Anti-matter allowed humans to come into existence.
C) The universe formed due to a sufficient amount of matter.
D) Anti-matter exists in very high-temperature environments.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. A) She found herself speaking a foreign language.
B) She woke up speaking with a different accent.
C) She found some symptoms of her illness gone.
D) She woke up finding herself in another country.
10. A) It is usually caused by a stroke or brain injury.
B) It has not yet found any effective treatment.
C) It leaves the patient with a distorted memory.
D) It often happens to people with speech defects.
11. A) British.
B) Irish.
C) Russian.
D) Australian.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12. A) Water sports.
B) Racing in rivers.
C) Stories about women swimmers.
D) Books about swimming.
13. A) She succeeded in swimming across the English Channel.
B) She published a guide to London's best swimming spots.
C) She told her story of adventures to some young swimmers.
D) She wrote a book about the history of swimwear in the UK.
14. A) They loved vacationing on the seashore.
B) They had a unique notion of modesty.
C) They were prohibited from swimming.
D) They were fully dressed when swimming.
15. A) She designed lots of appropriate swimwear for women.
B) She once successfully competed against men in swimming.
C) She was the first woman to swim across the English Channel.
D) She was an advocate of women's right to swim in public pools.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. A) Build a machine that can detect lies.
B) Develop a magnetic brain scanner.
C) Test the credibility of court evidence.
D) Win people's complete trust in them.
17. A) They are optimistic about its potential.
B) They are sceptical of its reliability.
C) They think it is but business promotion.
D) They celebrate it with great enthusiasm.
18. A) It is not to be trusted at all.
B) It does not sound economical.
C) It may intrude into people's privacy.
D) It may lead to overuse in court trials.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19. A) Most of its residents speak several languages.
B) Some of its indigenous languages are dying out.
C) Each village there speaks a totally different language.
D) Its languages have interested researchers the world over.
20. A) They are spread randomly across the world.
B) Some are more difficult to learn than others.
C) More are found in tropical regions than in the mild zones.
D) They enrich and impact each other in more ways than one. ?
21. A) They used different methods to collect and analyze data.
B) They identified distinct patterns of language distribution.
C) Their conclusions do not correspond to their original hypotheses.
D) There is no conclusive account for the cause of language diversity.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
22. A) Its middle-class is disappearing.
B) Its wealth is rationally distributed.
C) Its population is rapidly growing.
D) Its cherished dream is coming true.
23. A) Success was but a dream without conscientious effort.
B) They could realize their dreams through hard work.
C) A few dollars could go a long way.
D) Wealth was shared by all citizens.
24. A) Better working conditions.
B) Better-paying jobs.
C) High social status.
D) Full employment.
25. A) Reduce the administrative costs.
B) Adopt effective business models.
C) Hire part-time employees only.
D) Make use of the latest technology.
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Surfing the Internet during class doesn't just steal focus from the educator；it also hurts students who're already struggling to __26__ the material. A new study from Michigan State University, though, argues that all students—including high achievers—see a decline in performance when they browse the Internet during class for non-academic purposes.
To measure the effects of Internet-based distractions during class, researchers __27__ 500 students taking an introductory psychology class at Michigan State University. Researchers used ACT scores as a measure of intellectual __28__ Because previous research has shown that people with high intellectual abilities are better at __29__ out distractions, researchers believed students with high ACT scores would not show a __30__ decrease in performance due to their use of digital devices. But students who surfed the web during class did worse on their exams regardless of their ACT scores, suggesting that even the academically smartest students are harmed when they're distracted in class.
College professors are increasingly __31__ alarm bells about the effects smartphones, laptops, and tablets have on academic performance. One study of college students found that 80% of students use their phones or laptops during class, with the average student checking their digital device 11 times in a __32__ class. A quarter of students report that their use of digital devices during class causes their grades to __33__.
Professors sometimes implement policies designed to __34__ students' use of digital devices, and world where people are increasingly some instructors even confiscate (没收）tablets and phones. In dependent on their phones, though, such strategies often fail. One international study found that 84% of people say they couldn't go a day without their smartphones. Until students are able to __35__ the pull of social networking, texting, and endlessly surfing the web, they may continue to straggle in their classes.
A) aptitude B) eradication C) evaluated D) evaporated E) filtering F) grasp G) legacy H) minimize I) obscure J) obsess K) raising L) resist M) significant N) suffer O) typical
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
A Pioneering Woman of Science Re-Emerges after 300 Years
A) Maria Sibylla Merian, like many European women of the 17th century, stayed busy managing a household and rearing children. But on top of that, Merian, a German-born woman who lived in the Netherlands, also managed a successful career as an artist, botanist, naturalist and entomologist (昆虫学家).
B) “She was a scientist on the level with a lot of people we spend a lot of time talking about,” said Kay Etheridge, a biologist at Gettysburg College in Pennsylvania who has been studying the scientific history of Merian's work. “She didn't do as much to change biology as Charles Darwin, but she was significant. ”
C) At a time when natural history was a valuable tool for discovery, Merian discovered facts about plants and insects that were not previously known. Her observations helped dismiss the popular belief that insects spontaneously emerged from mud. The knowledge she collected over decades didn't just satisfy those curious about nature, but also provided valuable insights into medicine and science. She was the first to bring together insects and their habitats, including food they ate, into a single ecological composition.
D) After years of pleasing a fascinated audience across Europe with books of detailed descriptions and life-size paintings of familiar insects, in 1699 she sailed with her daughter nearly 5, 000 miles from the Netherlands to South America to study insects in the jungles of what is now known as Suriname. She was 52 years old. The result was her masterpiece, Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium.
E) In her work, she revealed a side of nature so exotic, dramatic and valuable to Europeans of the time that she received much acclaim. But a century later, her findings came under scientific criticism. Shoddy（粗糙的）reproductions of her work along with setbacks to women's roles in 18th- and 19th- century Europe resulted in her efforts being largely forgotten. “It was kind of stunning when she sort of dropped off into oblivion（遗忘）,” said Dr. Etheridge. “Victorians started putting women in a box, and they're still trying to crawl out of it.”
F) Today, the pioneering woman of the sciences has re-emerged. In recent years, feminists，historians and artists have all praised Merian's tenacity（坚韧）, talent and inspirational artistic compositions. And now biologists like Dr. Etheridge are digging into the scientific texts that accompanied her art. Three hundred years after her death, Merian will be celebrated at an international symposium in Amsterdam this June.
G) And last month, Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium was republished. It contains 60 plates (插图）and original descriptions, along with stories about Merian's life and updated scientific descriptions. Before writing Metamorphosis, Merian spent decades documenting European plants and insects that she published in a series of books. She began in her 20s, making textless, decorative paintings of flowers with insects. “Then she got really serious,” Dr. Etheridge said. Merian started raising insects at home, mostly butterflies and caterpillars. “She would sit up all night until they came out of the pupa (桶）so she could draw them,” she said.
H) The results of her decades' worth of careful observations were detailed paintings and descriptions of European insects, followed by unconventional visuals and stories of insects and animals from a land that most at the time could only imagine. It's possible Merian used a magnifying glass to capture the detail of the split tongues of sphinx moths (斯芬克斯飞蛾）depicted in the painting. She wrote that the two tongues combine to form one tube for drinking nectar (花蜜）. Some criticized this detail later, saying there was just one tongue, but Merian wasn't wrong. She may have observed the adult moth just as it emerged from its pupa. For a brief moment during that stage of its life cycle, the tongue consists of two tiny half-tubes before merging into one.
I) It may not have been ladylike to depict a giant spider devouring a hummingbird, but when Merian did it at the turn of the 18th century, surprisingly, nobody objected. Dr. Etheridge called it revolutionary. The image, which also contained novel descriptions of ants, fascinated a European audience that was more concerned with the exotic story unfolding before them than the gender of the person who painted it.
J) “All of these things shook up their nice, neat little view,” Dr. Etheridge said. But later, people of the Victorian era thought differently. Her work had been reproduced, sometimes incorrectly. A few observations were deemed impossible. “She'd been called a silly woman for saying that a spider could eat a bird,” Dr. Etheridge said. But Henry Walter Bates, a friend of Charles Darwin, observed it and put it in book in 1863, proving Merian was correct.
K) In the same plate, Merian depicted and described leaf-cutter ants for the first time. “In America there are large ants which can eat whole trees bare as a broom handle in a single night, she wrote in the description. Merian noted how the ants took the leaves below ground to their young. And she wouldn't have known this at the time, but the ants use the leaves to farm fungi (菌类）underground to feed their developing babies.
L) Merian was correct about the giant bird-eating spiders, ants building bridges with their bodies and other details. But in the same drawing, she incorrectly lumped together army and leaf-cutter ants. And instead of showing just the typical pair of eggs in a hummingbird nest, she painted four. She made other mistakes in Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium as well: not every caterpillar and butterfly matched.
M) Perhaps one explanation for her mistakes is that she cut short her Suriname trip after getting sick, and completed the book at home in Amsterdam. And errors are common among some of history's most- celebrated scientific minds, too. ”These errors no more invalidate Ms. Merian's work than do well- known misconceptions published by Charles Darwin or Isaac Newton, “ Dr. Etheridge wrote in a paper that argued that too many have wrongly focused on the mistakes of her work.
N) Merian's paintings inspired artists and ecologists. In an 1801 drawing from his book, General Zoology Amphibia, George Shaw, an English botanist and zoologist, credited Merian for describing a frog in the account of her South American expedition, and named the young tree frog after her in his portrayal of it. It wouldn't be fair to give Merian all the credit. She received assistance naming plants, making sketches and referencing the work of others. Her daughters helped her color her drawings.
O) Merian also made note of the help she received from the natives of Suriname, as well as slaves or servants that assisted her. In some instances she wrote moving passages that included her helpers in descriptions. As she wrote in her description of the peacock flower, ”The Indians, who are not treated well by their Dutch masters, use the seeds to abort their children, so that they will not become slaves like themselves. The black slaves from Guinea and Angola have demanded to be well treated, threatening to refuse to have children. In fact, they sometimes take their own lives because they are treated so badly, and because they believe they will be born again, free and living in their own land. They told me this themselves. “
P) Londa Schiebinger, a professor of the history of science at Stanford University, called this passage rather astonishing. It's particularly striking centuries later when these issues are still prominent in public discussions about social justice and women's rights. ”She was ahead of her time,“ Dr. Etheridge said.
36. Merian was the first scientist to study a type of American ant.
37. The European audience was more interested in Merian's drawings than her gender.
38. Merian's masterpiece came under attack a century after its publication.
39. Merian's mistakes in her drawings may be attributed to her shortened stay in South America.
40. Merian often sat up the whole night through to observe and draw insects.
41. Merian acknowledged the help she got from natives of South America.
42. Merian contributed greatly to people's better understanding of medicine and science.
43. Merian occasionally made mistakes in her drawings of insects and birds.
44. Now, Merian's role as a female forerunner in sciences has been re-established.
45. Merian made a long voyage to South America to study jungle insects over three centuries ago.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
While human achievements in mathematics continue to reach new levels of complexity, many of us who aren't mathematicians at heart (or engineers by trade) may struggle to remember the last time we used calculus (微积分）.
It's a fact not lost on American educators, who amid rising math failure rates are debating how math can better meet the real-life needs of students. Should we change the way math is taught in schools, or eliminate some courses entirely?
Andrew Hacker, Queens College political science professor, thinks that advanced algebra and other higher-level math should be cut from curricula in favor of courses with more routine usefulness, like statistics.
”We hear on all sides that we're not teaching enough mathematics, and the Chinese are running rings around us,“ Hacker says. ”I'm suggesting we're teaching too much mathematics to too many people. . . not everybody has to know calculus. If you're going to become an aeronautical (航空的）engineer, fine. But most of us aren't.“
Instead, Hacker is pushing for more courses like the one he teaches at Queens College： Numeracy 101. There, his students of ”citizen statistics“ learn to analyze public information like the federal budget and corporate reports. Such courses, Hacker argues, are a remedy for the numerical illiteracy of adults who have completed high-level math like algebra but are unable to calculate the price of, say, a carpet by area.
Hacker's argument has met with opposition from other math educators who say what's needed is to help students develop a better relationship with math earlier, rather than teaching them less math altogether.
Maria Droujkova is a founder of Natural Math, and has taught basic calculus concepts to 5-year-olds. For Droujkova, high-level math is important, and what it could use in American classrooms is an injection of childlike wonder.
”Make mathematics more available,“ Droujkova says. ”Redesign it so it's more accessible to more kinds of people: young children, adults who worry about it, adults who may have had bad experiences. “
Pamela Harris, a lecturer at the University of Texas at Austin, has a similar perspective. Harris says that American education is suffering from an epidemic of ”fake math“一an emphasis on rote memorization (死记硬背）of formulas and steps, rather than an understanding of how math can influence the ways we see the world.
Andrew Hacker, for the record, remains skeptical.
”I'm going to leave it to those who are in mathematics to work out the ways to make their subject interesting and exciting so students want to take it,“ Hacker says. ”All that I ask is that alternatives be offered instead of putting all of us on the road to calculus. “
46. What does the author say about ordinary Americans?
A) They struggle to solve math problems.
B) They think math is a complex subject.
C) They find high-level math of little use.
D) They work hard to learn high-level math.
47. What is the general complaint about America's math education according to Hacker?
A) America is not doing as well as China.
B) Math professors are not doing a good job.
C) It doesn't help students develop their literacy.
D) There has hardly been any innovation for years.
48. What does Andrew Hacker's Numeracy 101 aim to do?
A) Allow students to learn high-level math step by step.
B) Enable students to make practical use of basic math.
C) Lay a solid foundation for advanced math studies.
D) Help students to develop their analytical abilities.
49. What does Maria Droujkova suggest math teachers do in class?
A) Make complex concepts easy to understand.
B) Start teaching children math at an early age.
C) Help children work wonders with calculus.
D) Try to arouse students' curiosity in math.
50. What does Pamela Harris think should be the goal of math education?
A) To enable learners to understand the world better.
B) To help learners to tell fake math from real math.
C) To broaden Americans' perspectives on math.
D) To exert influence on world development.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
For years, the U. S. has experienced a shortage of registered nurses. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that while the number of nurses will increase by 19 percent by 2022, demand will grow faster than supply, and that there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs by then.
So what's the solution? Robots.
Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds, deliver medications and other items, and retrieve records. It follows a specific individual, such as a doctor or nurse, who can use it to record and access patient data. This type of robot will likely be one of the first to be implemented in hospitals because it has fairly minimal patient contact.
Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cognitive functioning, but the robot itself doesn't have to engage directly—it can serve as an intermediary for human communication. Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through a computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family members or doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype them, often via a screen where the robot's ' face' would be. If you can't get to the nursing home to visit grandma, you can use a telepresence robot to hang out with her. A study found that users had a ”consistently positive attitude“ about the Giraff robot's ability to enhance communication and decrease feelings of loneliness.
A robot's appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why the RIKEN-TRI Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse that looks like a huge teddy bear. RIBA (Robot for Interactive Body Assistance), also known as ‘Robear', can help patients into and out of wheelchairs and beds with its strong arms.
On the less cute and more scary side there is Actroid F, which is so human-like that some patients may not know the difference. This conversational robot companion has cameras in its eyes, which allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its interactions. During a month- long hospital trial, researchers asked 70 patients how they felt being around the robot and ”only three or four said they didn't like having it around."
It's important to note that robotic nurses don't decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses (though robot doctors and surgeons may not be far off). Instead, they perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs. This is one industry where it seems the integration of robots will lead to collaboration, not replacement.
51. What does the author say about Japan?
A) It delivers the best medications for the elderly.
B) It takes the lead in providing robotic care.
C) It provides retraining for registered nurses.
D) It sets the trend in future robotics technology.
52. What do we learn about the robot Terapio?
A) It has been put to use in many Japanese hospitals.
B) It provides specific individualized care to patients.
C) It does not have much direct contact with patients.
D) It has not revolutionized medical service in Japan.
53. What are telepresence robots designed to do?
A) Directly interact with patients to prevent them from feeling lonely.
B) Cater to the needs of patients for recovering their cognitive capacity.
C) Closely monitor the patients' movements and conditions around the clock.
D) Facilitate communication between patients and doctors or family members.
54. What is one special feature of the robot Actroid F?
A) It interacts with patients just like a human companion.
B) It operates quietly without patients realizing its presence.
C) It likes to engage in everyday conversations with patients.
D) It uses body language even more effectively than words.
55. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A) Doctors and surgeons will soon be laid off.
B) The robotics industry will soon take off.
C) Robots will not make nurses redundant.
D) Collaboration will not replace competition.
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国越来越重视公共图书馆，并鼓励人们充分加以利用。新近公布的统计数字表明，中国的公共图书馆数量在逐年增长。许多图书馆通过翻新和扩建，为读者创造了更为安静、舒适的环境。大型公共图书馆不仅提供种类繁多的参考资料，而且定期举办讲座、展览等活动。近年来，也出现了许多数字图书馆，从而节省了存放图书所需的空间。一些图书馆还推出了自助服务系统，使读者借书还书更加方便，进一步满足了读者的需求。
12月六级部分真题参考答案(完整版)
Part Ⅰ Writing
How to Balance Job Responsibilities and Personal Interests
In today's highly competitive environment, the heavy workload makes people out of breath and leaves them no time for their hobbies. Therefore, learning to balance job responsibilities and personal interests is of great significance for modern people. Here are some suggestions which can help us achieve the balance. In the first place, we should be aware that although work duties are our first priority, it doesn't mean that we cannot explore personal interests. Secondly, it's important to realize that beneficial activities off work help us get relaxed. We can transfer our focus from busy work by reading an interesting book or listening to music, thereby getting our intense nerves calm down. What's more, find enough time to develop our hobbies by finishing the task on time. We should arrange our time reasonably and complete our daily work efficiently, which will give us more freedom to allocate time to pursue personal interests.
In sum, it is absolutely do-able to strike a balance between full-time work and personal hobbies as long as we realize the benefit of cultivating interests and the importance of reasonable time arrangement.
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. D
6. B
7. D
8. C
9. B
10. A
11. C
12. D
13. B
14. D
15. C
16. A
17. B
18. A
19. C
20. C
21. D
22. A
23. B
24. D
25. C
Part III Reading Comprehension
26-35: FCAEM KONHL
36-45: KIEMG OCLFD
46-55: CABAC BCDAC
Part IV Translation
China attaches increasing importance to public libraries and encourages people to make full use of them. The newly released statistics indicate that the number of public libraries in China is on an increase year by year. Many libraries have created a quieter and more comfortable environment for readers through renovation and expansion. Not only do large-scale public libraries provide a wide range of reference materials，but they also regularly hold lectures, exhibitions and other activities. In recent years, there have also been many digital libraries, saving the space needed to store books. In addition, some libraries have introduced self-service systems, which make it more convenient for readers to borrow and return books, and further meet the needs of readers.
篇13：高中语文试卷题公式
高中语文答题公式
(一)某句话在文中的作用：
1、文首：开篇点题;渲染气氛(散文)，埋下伏笔(记叙类文章)，设置悬念(小说，但上海不会考)，为下文作辅垫;总领下文;2、文中：承上启下;总领下文;总结上文;3、文末：点明中心(散文);深化主题(记叙类文章文章);照应开头(议论文、记叙类文章文、小说)
(二)修辞手法的作用：
(1)它本身的作用;(2)结合句子语境。1、比喻、拟人：生动形象;答题格式：生动形象地写出了+对象+特性。2、排比：有气势、加强语气、一气呵成等;答题格式：强调了+对象+特性3;设问：引起读者注意和思考;答题格式：引起读者对+对象+特性的注意和思考 反问：强调，加强语气等;4、对比：强调了……突出了……5、反复：强调了……加强语气
(三)句子含义的解答：
这样的题目，句子中往往有一个词语或短语用了比喻、对比、借代、象征等表现方法。答题时，把它们所指的对象揭示出来，再疏通句子，就可以了。
(四)某句话中某个词换成另一个行吗?为什么?
动词：不行。因为该词准确生动具体地写出了……形容词：不行。因为该词生动形象地描写了……副词(如都，大都，非常只有等)：不行。因为该词准确地说明了……的情况(表程度，表限制，表时间，表范围等)，换了后就变成……，与事实不符。
(五)一句话中某两三个词的顺序能否调换?为什么? 不能。因为：
(1)与人们认识事物的(由浅入深、由表入里、由现象到本质)规律不一致。(2)该词与上文是一一对应的关系。(3)这些词是递进关系，环环相扣，不能互换。
(六)段意的概括归纳
1.记叙类文章：回答清楚(什么时间、什么地点)什么人做什么事。格式：(时间+地点)+人+事。2.说明类文章：回答清楚说明对象是什么，它的特点是什么。格式：说明(介绍)+说明对象+说明内容(特点)3.议论类文章：回答清楚议论的问题是什么，作者观点怎样。格式：用什么论证方法证明了(论证了)+论点表达技巧在古代诗歌鉴赏中占有重要位置，表现手法诸如用典、烘托、渲染、铺陈、比兴、托物寄情、情景交融、借景抒情、动静结合、虚实结合、委婉含蓄、对比手法、讽喻手法、象征法、双关法等等。诗中常用的修辞方法有夸张、排比、对偶、比喻、借代、比拟、设问、反问、反复等。分析诗歌语言常用的术语有：准确、生动、形象、凝练、精辟、简洁、明快、清新、新奇、优美、绚丽、含蓄、质朴、自然等。复习时要系统归纳各种表达技巧，储备相关知识。首先要弄清这些表达技巧的特点和作用，再结合具体诗歌进行仔细体味、辨析。至于评价诗歌的思想内容和作者的观点态度，则包括总结作品的主旨，分析作品所反映的社会现实，指出其积极意义或局限性等。总之，鉴赏古代诗词，第一步，把握诗词内容，可以从以下几方面入手：1细读标题和注释;2分析意象;3品味意境;4联系作者。第二步，弄清技巧：1把握形象特点;2辨析表达技巧;3说明表达作用。第三步，评价内容观点：1概括主旨;2联系背景;3分清主次;4全面评价。答题时，要特别注意以下几点：一是紧扣要求，不可泛泛而谈;二是要点要齐全，要多角度思考;三是推敲用语，力求用语准确、简明、规范。
附：易混术语区分(一)“方式、手法”的区分
艺术手法，又叫表达技巧，包括：①表达方式：记叙、描写、抒情、议论、说明。②表现手法：起兴、联想、烘托、抑扬、照应、正侧、象征、对照、由实入虚、虚实结合、运用典故、直抒胸臆、借景抒情、寓情于景、情景交融、托物言志、借古讽今、化动为静、动静结合、以小见大、开门见山。③修辞：比喻、借代、夸张、对偶、对比、比拟、排比、设问、反问、引用、反语、反复。
(二)“情”、“志”的区别
在诗歌里，“情”就是我们平时说的喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊，一般都是通过景物描写表达出来的;“志”就是我们平时说的理想、抱负、情操、品格等，一般都是通过对物的描写表达出来的。例如，宋人杨万里“小荷才露尖尖角，早有蜻蜓立上头”抒发了作者热爱生活及对新事物的喜爱之情，元人王冕《墨梅》“不要人夸颜色好，只留清气满乾坤。”是以冰清玉洁的梅花反映自己不愿同流合污的品质，属于言志。
(三)“情”、“景”关系区别
借景抒情、寓情于景、情景交融都是诗人把要表达的感情通过景物表达出来。“借景抒情”表达感情比较直接，读完诗歌后的感受是见“情”不见“景”;“寓情于景”、“情景交融”。表达感情时正面不着一字，读完诗歌后的感受是见“景”不见“情”，但是仔细分析后却发现诗人的感情全部寓于眼前的自然景色之中，一切景语皆情语。
(四)描写的角度
常见的角度有：形、声、色、态、味。“形”、“色”是视觉角度;“声”是听觉角度;“态”分为动态和静态;“味”是触觉角度。
语文阅读理解答题公式补充
1
标题作用
(1)全文的线索，推动情节发展
(2)总结文章内容，点明主旨(突出主题)
(3)形式新颖，吸引读者
(4)反映人物情感变化
2
动词理解
XX生动表现了人(事)物XX的特点(情状)(或描绘出一幅……的场景)，反映了人物……的心情
3
句子分析
(1)分析句子里词语的表达效果
(2)分析：修辞+修辞作用
例题：请问文中划线部分用了怎样的修辞手法，表达了作者怎样的心情?
比喻：用XX比喻XX，生动形象地表现了(事物)……的特点，表达了(人物)……
拟人：把XX拟人化(或赋予人的情感)，生动形象的表现了……(或描绘出……的画面，写出了事物……的特点)
排比：使句式更整齐，气势更强调了(事物)的……，突出了(事物)……的特点
反问：这个反问句的意思是……，以强烈的语气表达了(人物)……的感情
设问：开头出现，其作用通常为“设置悬念，吸引读者”;文中或结尾出现，其作用通常为“引起了对……的问题的关注(或引人深思)，给人以启迪，突出了文章的主旨”
借代：用XX代XX，使被借代的更加具体，生动表达了什么感情或特点
引用：引用诗句，其作用通常为“增强文章的诗情画意，使文章语言更优美(或引用诗句是为了说明……)”;引用故事，神话传说，其作用通常为“增强文章的趣味性，吸引读者”
4
文章运用表现手法作用
例题：请问这题用了怎样的写作手法，读文章有何好处(意义)?
(1)对比，作用：XX和XX形成鲜明对比，突出人(事)物XX的特点
(2)象征，作用：使文章立意深远，含蕴深刻
(3)伏笔，作用：对将要出现的XX事物作暗示，为情节发展作铺垫
(4)照应，作用：使文章结构严谨，使文章主题更加鲜明，使文章更加严密
(5)烘托、渲染，作用：表现环境，营造氛围，抒发情感，突出主题
5
某段起什么作用
(1)开头，作用：
A、引起下文
B、点名所要描写的对象
C、照应文章标题
D、设置悬念，吸引读者
E、为情节发展埋下伏笔
(2)此段在文中，作用：
A、承上启下的过渡作用
B、为情节发展埋下伏笔，推动情节发展
(3)结尾，作用：
A、总结全文
B、揭示文章主旨
C、照应前文
D、照应题目
E、引人深思
6
文中画线句、段运用何种描写方法，有何作用
(1)人物：外貌、语言、动作、心里、神态、正面、侧面描写
(2)环境：自然环境、社会环境
作用：
(1)人物：表现人物XX的特点，突出人物XX的性格(品质、思想)
(2)环境：烘托一中XX的气氛，表达一种XX的思想感情
7
用简洁的言语概括文章(或文段)内容
人+干什么+结果怎么样
8
本文(某段)运用什么表达方式
①记叙：
记叙是写作中最基本、最常见的一种表达方式，它是作者对人物的经历和事件的发展变化过程以及场景、空间的转换所作的叙说和交代，在写事文章中应用较为广泛，主要是把人物的经历和事物的发展变化过程表达出来的一种表达方式。
②描写：
描写就是用生动形象的语言，把人物或景物的状态具体地描绘出来。这是一般记叙文和文学写作常用的表达方式。描写的作用是再现自然景色、事物情状，描绘人物的形貌及内心世界，使人物活动的环境具体化。
③议论：
议论是一种评析、论理的表述法。一篇或一段完整的议论，通常由论点、论据和论证三要素组成。
④说明：
说明这种表达方式通过对实体事物科学地解说，对客观事物做出说明或对抽象事理的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能、关系或对事理的概念、特点、来源、演变、异同等能有科学的认识，从而获得有关的知识。
⑤抒情：
它具有主观性、个性化和诗意化等特征。抒情方式具体来分又可分为借景抒情法、触景生情法、咏物寓情法、咏物言志法、直抒胸臆法、融情于事法和融情于理法等。
9
简要概括文中事物特点
首先分析文章的结构，注意文中的连接词(首先、其次、还、然后、也、最后、此外……)，这些词语外面的句子往往就是事物的特点。
篇14：《灰霾笼罩中国上空》阅读题及答案
①近百年来，全球经历了二次以气候变暖为特征的重大变化，灰霾现象就是其中之一。灰霾 的成因，主要与化石能源的燃烧相关。人类活动排放颗粒态污染物，比如水泥厂、发电厂都会直接排放颗粒物，汽车尾气会直接排放黑碳粒子，人类活动也会排放二 氧化硫、氮氧化物、挥发性有机物等气态污染物，造成能见度的恶化，也就造成了所谓的灰霾天气。
②除此之外，城市化、土 地利用变化也加速了灰霾的形成。土地利用变化，就是下垫面的改变。城市化之后，下垫面变成了硬的水泥或者沥青，它的热容量非常小，比植被和水体小得多，吸热放热都非常快，所以造成了一系列复杂的气候变暖和污染事件。
③我国有4个大的灰霾区，黄淮海平原、长江三角洲、珠三角地区，还有一个是长江河谷，也就是从川渝到武汉。黄淮海地区到长三角到长江河谷这三个地区是连成一片的，珠三角是相对孤立的。在组成部分上，黄淮海平原的灰霾和沙尘暴还是有一定关系的，起码1/3是 跟沙尘粒子有关。而珠三角的灰霾天气主要是人类活动排放的污染物形成的灰霾，对人体危害比北方的'灰霾要严重。珠三角地区的灰霾主要是人类活动排放的物质生 成的，尤其是交通源的排放占第一位。其次才是大工业排放。除了交通源排放，现在最需要控制的就是家庭装修业、胶合板制造业、家具制造业、做鞋的、做文具 的、做化妆品的，这些东西排放的都叫碳氢化合物，尤其是头发定形用的摩丝。
④灰霾能造成小儿佝偻病高发，因为它阻碍了阳光辐射。黄种人、白种人、黑种人不能从食物中直接摄取维生素D,得到维生素D的惟一途径就是皮肤的光合作用，所以我们必须晒太阳。灰霾使太阳辐射减少，紫外线减少，使得我们合成的维生素D减少，因此不能在骨骼中固定钙。小孩是长身体的时候，需要的钙量非常大，缺钙就会得软骨病、佝偻病。
⑤灰霾治理不是一下就可以看到成绩的。这个过程，美国和欧洲花了近五十年，这在我们国家，可能要花二三十年的时问。 （选自《南方都市报》）
22、灰霾天气是如何形成的？（2分）
_____________ _______________________
23、本文第②段采用什么说明方法？举例说明。（2分）
___________
24、珠三角地区的灰霾与黄淮海平原、长江三角洲、珠三角地区的灰霾有何不同？（2分）
________________________ ____________
25、对于减少灰霾，你有哪些合理建议呢？（3分）
____________
参考答案
22、人类活动排放颗粒态污染物，比如水泥厂、发电厂都会直接排放颗粒物，汽车尾气会直接排放黑碳粒子，人类活动也会排放二氧化硫、氮氧化物、挥发性有机物等气态污染物，造成能见度的恶化，也就造成了所谓的灰霾天气。
23、作比较。（例子：它的热容量非常小，比植被和水体小得多，吸热放热都非常快。）（说明方法1分，举例1分）
24、珠三角的灰霾天气主要是人类活动排放的污染物形成的，对人体危害比北方的灰霾要严重。而其他三大灰霾区主要与沙尘暴有关。
25、除了控制交通源排放，现在最需要控制的就是家庭装修业、胶合板制造业、家具制造业、做鞋的、做文具的、做化妆品的，这些东西排放的都叫碳氢化合物，尤其是头发定形的摩丝。（建议每条1分，共3分）
篇15：《村庄上空的鸡鸣》阅读题附答案
《村庄上空的鸡鸣》阅读题附答案
试题内容：
六、（18分）
阅读下面的文字，完成19～22题。
村庄上空的鸡鸣孙守名①鸡鸣，是一座村庄的灵魂。
②四更天，就有了零零散散的鸡鸣。王记豆腐的主人六子赶紧起床，将头晚已做好的豆腐搬上破旧的三轮车，他要赶往十里外的武马屯，豆腐一到，不消半袋烟工夫就会被争抢一空。铁匠铺子也早早开了门，李老黑搬出两大坨铁块，将炉火燃旺，准备在上半晌敲打出六副犁铧头……
③五更天，零散的鸡鸣变成了万鸡酬唱，一村连一村，一庄通一庄。清脆，美妙，冲破沉睡的暗夜，迎来苏醒的黎明。半座村庄亮起了灯光，赶早的商贩，晨耕的老农，家有学童的村妇，都早早地忙着各自的活计，有条不紊。天天如此，年年如此，今早还是如此。
④村庄驱散了晨雾，逐渐变得清晰真实起来。榆柳婆娑，桃李掩映，枣树缀满了希望，石榴绽放出笑容。东家的梨花猫踮着小脚跳过西家高耸的门槛，用一双毛眼直呆呆地盯着对面跑来的公鸡；北家的初生牛犊扯断缰绳奔进南家的庭院，怯生生地伸颈长哞。卖香油的敲着梆子穿东街走西巷，磨菜刀的挑着挑子吆喝着穿行于胡同深处。邻村的唢呐声呜呜咽咽地飘来荡去，引得银发须髯的老人流下伤怀的眼泪。例外的，只有商家新婚不久的儿子和媳妇还没有起床，只气得老爷子在鞋帮上磕着烟袋，不咸不淡地骂道：“也不害臊，太阳要晒糊腚喽！”
⑤其实，商家老爷子的话并不准确。你看，太阳没出，却风起，云涌，接着，雨就哗哗啦啦地下起来。雨来得急，横跳竖跳的人们呼呼啦啦地往家跑，跑不迭的，随便找个遮风挡雨的地方，钻进去，回头，望雨，展笑。
⑥整座村庄笼罩于迷离朦胧的烟雨中，北方的村庄也就有了江南的神韵。一把油纸伞，袅袅娜娜地走出古旧的胡同，那是一副令人神往的风景图。伞下窈窕的女子是谁家的姑娘，她有着怎样的经历，她的微笑，她的心思，她的过往和未来，她的让人捉摸不定的眼神……遐思了再遐思，向往了再向往。她是唐诗宋词的意象，还是明清山水画中的神来一笔？
⑦转眼间，暮色渐起，雨止了，风停了，村庄也变成了一位刚出浴的少女，美艳，清灵，翠曼。三两点灯光闪闪烁烁，几家的学童汇拢到街上来，东也奔西也跑地玩着各色游戏，嬉笑声，欢闹声，一片连成一片，传遍一座又一座村庄。
⑧王六子骑着破旧的三轮车摇摇晃晃回村来，他的下半晌是在邻村的一家小酒馆里度过。四碟小菜，一壶老酒，咂咂喝了好几个时辰。酒馆的主人有一搭没一搭地和他闲聊，东家长西家短，总有说不完的话题。李老黑先将下地干活的老爹送进院落，擦了擦满脸的汗水，关闭了燃了一天的炉火。他的妻子在后院早已支起了桌案，简单的几个小菜，一壶京东老白干。暮色变得浓重起来，村庄又一次隐没在沉沉的暗夜中。一天就这样过去，无数的一天叠加成岁月，岁月连着朝阳、晚霞，还有那声声清脆悦耳的鸡鸣。
⑨自从有了村庄的那一天起，就有了破晓而起的鸡鸣。鸡鸣只属于村庄，它是村庄的象征。有了鸡鸣，沉闷的村庄便有了灵性。鸡鸣将村庄的时空切分得规规整整，可以没有晷刻漏盘，可以没有怀表时钟，却唯独不能没有鸡鸣。
⑩响亮的鸡鸣唱走了黑暗，迎来了光明。一个又一个朝气蓬勃的年轻人踏着晨光，和着鸡鸣的节拍走离了村庄，去寻找他们的希望和梦想；一个个耄耋老人伴着鸡鸣的酬唱安祥地合上了双眼，走完了一生艰难而又坎坷的路程。村庄破旧了翻新，翻新了再破旧。村头的柳叶黄了一年又一年，村庄的主人换了一茬又一茬。唯独鸡鸣，还是那么执着，每一个黎明都在村庄的上空回荡。
⑾村庄老了，古井消失了，池塘堙没了，千年古槐毁于风雨，似乎一切的一切，都变成了梦中的风景。只是零星的鸡鸣还在，依然在每天的黎明，嘶哑迷离的叫声中让人越发感到凄怆和悲凉。
⑿岁月红尘易老，古旧的村庄终于走到了生命的'尽头。鸡鸣不再，小巷不再，榆柳桃李不再，只有细细密密、缠缠绵绵的秋雨淅淅沥沥、滴滴答答地落个不停，落在时光不展的废墟上，落在淡淡忧伤的梦境中，落在乡村流浪者的心扉上……
⒀若干年后，那些辗转行走于天南地北的游子还时不时回到这片生养他的土地上，没有了鸡鸣，他们就失去了心魂。溢满泪水的双眼迷茫地打量着沧海桑田，重重地叹口气，拖着沉重的脚步，心情复杂地地再次远离村庄。
⒁鸡鸣只属于村庄，属于那些流浪者的故乡梦。
（选自《文荟》2014年7月25日）
19.简要分析“鸡鸣，是一座村庄的灵魂”这句话在文中的作用。（4分）
答：
20.结合文意，简要分析下面两句话的修辞手法和表达效果。（4分）
（1）榆柳婆娑，桃李掩映，枣树缀满了希望，石榴绽放出笑容。（2分）
答：
（2）她是唐诗宋词的意象，还是明清山水画中的神来一笔？（2分）
答：
21.这篇文章语言表达和构思方面有何突出特色？（4分）
答：
22.你认为本文表达了怎样的思想情感？请结合文本作简要分析。（6分）
答：
试题答案：
19.内容方面：照应文章题目，是全文的线索，交代古旧的村庄是鸡鸣的生存环境。结构方面：和结尾照应，为文章讲述村庄上空的鸡鸣作铺垫。总领全文，点明文章的主旨。
20．（1）运用拟人和对偶的手法，写各种树竞相绽放美丽，突出表现了村庄生机勃勃的景象。（2）运用比喻的手法，捞车迷离朦胧的烟雨村庄中人物的意境之美，表现了作者对北方村庄的喜爱。
21. ①诗化的语言，清新自然，充满浓厚的乡土气息和生活情趣；②妙用各种修辞手法，句式凝练整齐；③简约精巧的构思，形散而神聚；④抓住了北方乡村的典型特征，细腻描摹出了乡村的风土人情，感情真挚饱满。（每一点2分，答出三点即可）
22.①对生生不息的乡土文明和从容恬淡的劳作生活的敬重；②对正在消失的乡村生活的怀思和伤感；③对远离故土的游子思乡的赞叹；④对商品大潮冲击乡村生活现状的忧虑。（答出三点即可）
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