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如何提高GRE备考效率

时间:2022-08-08 08:00:38 其他范文 收藏本文 下载本文

以下是小编为大家收集的如何提高GRE备考效率,本文共6篇,希望对大家有所帮助。

如何提高GRE备考效率

篇1:如何提高GRE备考效率

如何提高你的GRE备考效率 词汇篇知识大全分类汇总

十年前当时流传的言论是,考GRE几乎就等同于背单词。所有复习GRE的学生,几乎会把自己一半以上的复习时间都用在背《红宝书》上,而且传说这本书得翻来覆去背50遍才能达到考试要求。这种言论的影响力是如此之大,以至于现在GRE班上的学生仍然以为自己考不好新G主要是自己词汇量的缺陷,或者只要词汇搞定了,之后的复习就是一马平川。那么,就让我们来考虑一下词汇对于最终的GRE成绩有多大影响,以及我们到底应该采取什么策略来学习。

毫无疑问,最需要词汇量的部分就是填空了。以下面题目为例:

The students’ ______ nature were in sharp contrast to the imperturbable disposition of their teacher.

A. volatile

B. duplicitous

C. apathetic

D. cunning

E. blithe

诸如此类的题目在GRE填空中屡见不鲜,它的特点是,句内逻辑关系清晰,几乎所有人都知道空中要填的是和imperturbable相反的词。因此,这道题最后能不能做对,完全取决于考生是否认识imperturbable以及各个选项的单词。

原则上,填空可能会考到的单词量是无法精确测量的,毕竟ETS并没有一个所谓的单词范围。但这绝不意味着学生们需要无限量的背单词,或是选择单词量最大的GRE词汇书。为什么呢?首先,据统计,新GRE改革以来一共在填空考试中出现过的单词,除去六级考试考纲以内的单词,一共只有1700个不到,这个量显然不算夸张。这个数据告诉我们,如果我们要在填空中取得好的成绩,单词方面,我们在保证4、6级的单词熟练掌握的基础上,并不需要去背三四千个海量的单词。

没有必要追求1700这个数字,而是要先学习GRE核心单词库。

其次,也是更重要的是,即便1700这个数字其实都是没有必要达到的,因为这其中包含了一些只出现过一次,甚至都不是正确答案的单词。比如,今年有一次考试出现了caterwaul这个单词,过去所有GRE词汇书都没有收录,但我们完全没有必要因为这个疏漏而自责。《红宝书》中的海量单词确实都是过去GRE考试曾经出过的,但其中大量的单词都是只出现过一两次,再也没有考过的不重要单词。然而,假如考生以这么大的词汇库作为目标,花N倍于常人的努力,却只换回了极少数题目的额外正确率,前提还是那些单词背过了。

《红宝书》这样的单词库没有能够体现一个对同学们重要的变量,那就是词频。Avalanche(山崩)和Disparate(不同的)都是其中收录的词,哪个重要,你需要先背哪个?它并没有告诉你。事实是,像Avalanche这样的专有名词,出现的本来就不多,况且,在考场上不认识,几乎没有一点影响。于是,我们见到了很多GRE考生中的“词霸”,考场上却没有取得和词汇量成比例的成绩,就是因为他们把有限的经历花在了投入产出比相当低的地方。

因此,我们的建议是,一定要首先学习GRE核心单词库。什么是GRE的核心单词?比如表示“难懂的”这个意思的词汇 (impenetrable, arcane, inscrutable, unfathomable, esoteric, recondite, abstruse),比如跟“矛盾、不同”意思相关的词汇 (irony, paradox, contradiction, dilemma, dichotomy, incongruity, inconsistency, incoherence, heterogeneity),是每一次考试都会出现的。对这些词,我们不仅要做到认识,更要做到熟练联系同反义词,因为这部分单词在考试中是投入产出比最高的。

有些考生可能会根据考场经验反驳说,考试中填空有好几道题的单词没有见过,所以最后考砸了。显然,只背核心单词,一定会遇到某些题不认识。这是考砸的主要原因么?绝不可能。同学们必须知道GRE考试是一个容错率很高的考试。举个例子,当我考verbal 168分时,我的准确率是36/40,当我考verbal 163分时,我的准确率是30/40。显然,163分的语文成绩对于绝大部分学生来说都是非常理想的分数了,而得163分的人其实错了四分之一。绝大部分同学只需要一个verbal 155,不少人甚至可以对verbal 150满意,而verbal 150是两个section总共错了过半的。考砸的是哪些人呢?是那些考了140多分的学生。140多分是错了多少题?超过一半,接近错三分之二。这个错误率的同学,不应该抱怨自己速度慢,不应该抱怨核心单词范围小,只应该抱怨自己其实连最简单的,诸如我们前面举过的例子那样基本的题目都没有做对。

不要一味地抱着单词书刷单词,一定要结合题目。

另外一个背单词的注意事项是,不要一味地抱着单词书刷单词。在背完一两遍,对单词有一定印象之后,一定要结合题目。事实是,正常的同学,面对有好几个意思的单词时,基本只会选择第一个意思,或者是最容易记的意思。但是,这个意思不见得是实际会考到的意思。即便是真的记住了多个意思,最重要的能力其实是知道多义词具体什么时候是哪个意思。比如promise这个词,有保证、预示、前途等意思。同学们需要的能力不仅仅是记住三个意思,最关键的是在实际的语句中,能够快速的判断到底是哪个意思。这种能力是做题来的,通过看到在实际考试中,promise的各个意思分别在什么场合下使用,我们能够真正懂得这个单词:做“前途”讲的promise是名词;做“预示”讲的promise是动词,动作发出者应该是事物;做“保证”讲的promise是动词,动作发出者应该是人。

这些能力是单纯的词汇书不会探讨的,并且在过遍数的时候我们不会去想的,只有在结合具体语境时才能意识到。再者,很多单词在词汇书中的中文翻译不合适,会对于做题产生负面影响,此时,一定要选择通过做题挑出这种单词,转而记其英文同义词释义。比如,arbitrary这个词经常被翻译成“独断的”,但其实在考试中,它就等同于random。然而,我们怎么知道哪个单词的中文翻译不准确呢?

我们的建议是,先背一两遍核心单词,记中文意思(这个中文意思可能是不准的,但是在第一阶段我们可以接受),然

后就可以开始做填空题了。此时,如果遇到任何一道题目,明明题目完全理解,但是却不知道填哪个词,这很可能就是单词意义理解不准确,此时一定要看英文同义词释义,以后再记这个单词时,就要抛掉过去的中文解释。有的GRE教师建议大家记单词都记英文释义,这显然是绝大部分同学做不到的;但是,中文释义经常不准怎么办。以上的流程就是为了解决这个问题的。很多同学纯粹拿单词书记单词,不尽快结合考题,导致的结果就是中文意思记得滚瓜烂熟,但对于考试却没什么帮助。

GRE词汇备考技巧揭秘 掌握文化背景方便记忆

chaos (n) 混乱:这个词来自于古希腊神话中最古老的神Chaos,由于这个神一出世的时候世界处于一片非常混乱的状态,所以这个词的意思引申为混乱。

titanic (adj) 巨大的:这个词来自于古希腊神话中12个Titan神,这12个神都长得非常之高大,于是这个词的意思就是巨大的。其实这个词大家不应该陌生,有个著名的电影就是Titanic,那艘船不就是一艘巨大的船吗。

gorgon(n. 丑女):它来自于希腊神话中三个女妖怪Gorgons, 这三个女妖外表非常丑陋,头发都是一条条的蛇,所以引申为丑女。当中的一个女妖Medusa尤其有名,相传别人看了她的眼睛马上就会变成石头,后来被希腊神话著名英雄Perseus所杀。

irisdescent(adj. 彩虹色的):来自于古希腊神话中的彩虹女神Iris, 她是主神Zeus的使者,彩虹的化身,所以引申为彩虹色的。

sphinx(n.谜一样的人或事物):这个词来自于古希腊神话中的著名女妖Sphinx,它出过一个著名的谜语:什么东西早上四条腿,中午两条腿,晚上三条腿,谜底就是我们人类。因为人早上刚出生时用两只手两条腿爬,中午时成年了就站立起来走路也就是两条腿了,晚年时老年了拄根拐杖就三条腿了,所以这个词引申为谜一样的人或事物。后来它被希腊神话中著名英雄Oedipus所杀。

tentalize(v. 逗弄,引诱但是又不给):这个词的词义颇为古怪。它来自于希腊神话中的Tantalus,此君乃是希腊神话中的主神Zeus的儿子,有一次他把很多神请到家里来吃饭,为了考察这帮神是否具有敏锐的洞察力,就把自己的儿子给杀了熬成一锅肉来吃,这帮神觉得Tantalus过于残暴,就惩罚它站在冥河里,每次Tantalus口渴了想要低头喝水时,水面就会下降,这样他就喝不到水了,而Tantalus的头上又有棵果树,每次Tantalus饿了想要吃果子时,一阵风又会把果树吹到半空,这样他也吃不到果子了。所以tantalize就引申为逗弄,引诱但是又不给你。

stentorian(adj.声音十分响亮的):希腊Troy战争中有个传令官叫Stentor,他的声音十分响亮,相传此人一个人的声音可以抵上别人十个人的声音,所以词义为声音十分响亮的。

GRE考试中without的各种常见考法

【常考释义1】

没有,不带(某种感情): If you do something without a particular feeling, you do not have that feeling when you do it.

【例句】

Janet Magnusson watched his approach without enthusiasm... 珍妮特·马格努森冷冷地看着他走过来。

【官方真题1】

The idealized paintings of nature produced in the eighteenth century are evidencethat the medieval ------natural settings had been ----- and that the outdoors nownow could be enjoyed without trepidation.

(A) fear of.. exorcised

(B) concerns about.. regained

(C) affection for.. surmounted

(D) disinterest in.. alleviated

(E) enthusiasm for.. confronted

浅析:答案选A。在该真题中,without trepidation为不带有恐惧之情的意思。

整一句的含义是:这幅诞生于18世纪的对自然理想化的画画作品是一个证据,那就是在中世纪对自然环境的害怕之情已经被驱赶掉,并且人们在欣赏室外风光的时候也毫无恐惧之情。

该句evidence后有2个同位语从句,前后互为重复关系。而且在时间方面的对比方面:中世纪和现在表明了在过去大家对nature是恐惧的,现在已经不再恐惧,此为恐惧的重复。其次,natural setting 和outdoors为重复的第2处,当然,该句还有其他的重复,限于篇幅的问题,今天姑且不讨论。

【常考释义2】

在没有(发生或做某事)的情况下: If one thing happens without another thing, or if you do something without doing something else, the second thing does not happen or occur.

【例句】

如果主句没有否定的情况下,其实这个考法比较容易理解。

但如果在主句中出现了否定,不少没经过我们的培训的同学问题就来了。

下面我们来看看GRE官方阅读中的一篇文章节选部分:

Why then the two years that passed before he translated his private misgivings into public dissent? Perhaps he believed that he could not criticize American foreign policy without endangering the support for civil rights that he had won from the federal government.

该句很多同学不理解,其实很简单的。

我们先看一个简单的例句

It is not possible to reposition the carpet without damaging it. 想要挪动地毯又不让它损坏是不可能的。

也就是without后面的部分是前面可以做一件事的前提。

也就是,你只有损坏它,你才可以挪动地毯。

有了这个基础,我们再来看刚才那个GRE的难句。

Perhaps he believed that he could not criticize American foreign policywithoutendangering the support for civil rights that he had won from the federal government.

意思估计你也看得懂了,

这里我啰嗦一下,

其实就是说,可能马丁路德金他相信,要想批评美国政府的外交政策又不危害到他已经从联邦政府那里获得的对民权的支持是不可能的。

也就是说,如果他一旦批评了美国的外交政策,那么他已经得到的政府对他民权方面的支持也肯定会受到影响。

【常考释义3】

【官方真题3】

According to one political theorist, a regime that has as

its goal absolute_____, without any_____law or principle, has

declared war on justice.

(A) respectability.. codification of

(B) supremacy ..suppression of

(C) autonomy .. accountability to

(D) fairness .. deviation from

(E) responsibility ..prioritization of

浅析:该题大家可以试试,我个人认为选B。理由是,首先,该句的主干部分是a regime has declared war on justice.同时该题从句部分出现了倒装,上过我的课的同学都应该看得出来,has...as...也就是我们经常说的has A as B .

由于A部分:【absolute_____, without any_____law or principle】出现了复杂的修饰,所以放在B后。也就是出现了has as B A ,也就是说,第一空格和第二空格应该是同义重复。因为without...其实是解释第一空格。把选项B填进去,我们发现,从句部分的A部分【absolute_____, without any_____law or principle的意思是:绝对的至高无上的权力=不受任何法律和原则的抑制。

什么是supremacy呢?也就是凌驾于所有的法律和原则之上,也就是不受任何的法律和原则的suppression.

对吧?

完整的这句话的意思其实我个人非常喜欢:

大意是:

According to one political theorist, a regime that has as its goal absolutesupremacy, without any suppression of law or principle, has declared war on justice.

根据一个政治理论家,一个把绝对至高无上的权力,也就是不受任何的法律和原则的约束,当做它的目标的政权(regime),就已经是对公正的宣战。

perfect,isn't it ?

嘻嘻^^

【注意】suppress:to curtail or prohibit the activities of.

除了上面说到的的考法,其实在阅读中,

还有作名词的考法。

我们一起来看看吧

【常考释义4】

外部,外面: an outer place or area

【例句】came from without 从外面回来

【官方真题4】

Of Homer’s two epic poems, the Odyssey has always been more popular than theIliad,perhaps because it includes more features of mythology that are accessible to readers. Its subject (to use Maynard Mack’s categories) is “life-as-spectacle,”for readers, diverted by its various incidents, observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without; the tragic Iliad, however, presents“life-as-experience”: readers are asked to identify with the mind of Achilles,whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero.

该篇文章中,相信很多考生都做过。

其实我一直强调2点:

1,GRE阅读一般不需要任何的文章背景。

2,看文章切忌简单的翻译,谨记文章的逻辑关系和区别主题与细节,有的放矢地积极看文章即可。

比较讽刺的是,大多数的学生都完全没有独立思考能力,完全是听所谓的权威某某老师或者作品。

纯粹扯淡。

anyway,在这篇文章里,其实主题就是对比或者比较两部作品,具体是什么作品在考试里其实没那么重要,当然,有点文学素养的学生也自然知道是在说荷马的2部牛逼史诗。

这里我们姑且看做O和I。

Of Homer’s two epic poems, the Odyssey has always been more popular than theIliad,perhaps because it includes more features of mythology that are accessible to readers.

第一句说:在荷马的两部史诗里,O一直比I更加popular,可能是因为O包括的一些让读者更加容易理解的神话features.

这一句就是主题,

后面全文都在阐述为何O就是比I受欢迎。

我也说过1千万遍,主题永远都是抽象,概括性的。

而细节永远是对主题的具体重复和延伸。

接着,第2句就来继续说为何O比I更加受欢迎。

Its subject (to use Maynard Mack’s categories) is “life-as-spectacle,”for readers, diverted by its various incidents, observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without; the tragic Iliad, however, presents“life-as-experience”: readers are asked toidentify with the mind of Achilles,whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero.

这句如果考生经过我们的难句训练,其实会非常简单。

记得,先分层阅读。

主要的逻辑是:however前后对比。

identify with sb.意思是和谁产生共鸣的意思。

observe在文中其实任何的简单的中文翻译都会显得不多,其实意思和identify with 一样,但如果真的需要翻译,大家可以理解为:了解,认识to come to realize or know especially through consideration of noted facts

比如from without和 the mind。分别是从外面和内心世界的意思。

其次是引号部分的对比。

还有就是两部作品的主角的对比:

hero Odysseus和Achilles的对比。

前者读者从外面来认识Odysseus,而在悲剧中,读者需要和Achilles的内心世界产生共鸣,其实也就是从内心世界来认识Achilles。

GRE的阅读之所以让我为之狂热,其实就是在文章里,

你完全可以体会到作者的文学素养和用词博大精深。

行文滴水不漏,得理的时候又不忘处处让步,转折让步的同时,也必然出现更加滴水不漏的咄咄逼人

GRE考试otherwise含义详解

【常考释义1】

In another way; differently:

以另外的方式;不同地

【例句1】

She thought otherwise.

她从另一个侧面考虑

【例句2】

The studio could punish its players by keeping them out of work, and otherwise controlling their lives.

电影公司能通过让艺人坐冷板凳来惩罚他们,并采用其他方式控制他们的生活。

【常考释义2】

Under other circumstances:

否则,不然:在其他的情况下;不然:

【例句】

Otherwise I might have helped.

不然我也许可以帮得上忙的

【常考释义3】

In other respects:

在其他方面:

【例句】

an otherwise logical mind.

在其他方面才有逻辑的头脑

【常考释义4】

if not否则,如果不

【例句】

do what I tell you, otherwise you'll be sorry

【常考释义5】

与之不同地;相反地 You use otherwise to refer in a general way to actions or situations that are very different from, or the opposite to, your main statement.

【例句1】

There is no way anything would ever happen between us, and believe me I've tried to convince myself otherwise...

相信我,我已经努力试图说服自己我们之间存有希望,但我们真的是绝对不可能的。

【例句2】

All photographs are by the author unless otherwise stated.

若无特殊说明,所有照片均出自该作者。

这个例句,其实和我们在考试题目里经常出现的这么一句很像:

For each of Questions 17 to 20, select one answer choice unless otherwise directed.

现在你应该知道这句话什么意思了吧。

【常考短语1】

or otherwise 或者and otherwise

及其他;或相反;或其反面

You use or otherwise or and otherwise to mention something that is not the thing just referred to or is the opposite of that thing.

【例句】

He didn't want company, talkative or otherwise.

他不想跟人搭伴,不管这个伴儿是否健谈。

下面我们来看看官方真题是如何考的。

【官方真题1】

The author of this book----overlooks or minimizes some of the problems and shortcomings in otherwise highly successful foreign industries in order to----the points on which they excel and on which we might try to emulate them.

(A) accidentally.. exaggerate

(B) purposely.. emphasize

(C) occasionally.. counterbalance

(D) intentionally.. confuse

(E) cleverly.. compound

解析:答案为B。该题中,otherwise到底是什么意思呢?

从上面我们给出的释义中,应该是其他方面的意思,

也就是常考释义3。

那么该句中,大意是在说:这本书的作者故意忽略或是尽量减少国外工业的缺点和问题,这些国外的工业在其他方面都是非常成功的,作者这样的目的是为了强调国外工业的优势,对于这些优势我们是可以超越他们的。

其中,本句的in otherwise highly successful 也就是后面的they excel重复。该句的意思是说作者故意忽略国外企业的缺点--也就是强调他们的优势,从而让国内的人们清楚自己的弱点而奋力追赶(emulate)。非常好的一道题目^^

【官方真题2】

Poe's ------- reviews of contemporary fiction, which often find great merit in otherwise ------ literary gems, must make us respect his critical judgment in addition to his well-known literary talent.

(A) thorough.. completed

(B) petulant.. unpopular

(C) insightful.. unappreciated

(D)enthusiastic.. acclaimed

(E) harsh.. undeserving

解析:该题的大意是说:艾伦对当代小说的富有洞察力的评论,总是能够发现出otherwise都不被人欣赏的文学精品中的巨大优点,(这种富有洞察力的评论)一定会使我们尊崇他广为人知的文学天赋之外的判断力。

otherwise在该考题中应该是其他情况下的意思,也就是常考释义2.

答案为C。

篇2:如何提高GRE词汇备考效率

如何提高GRE备考的性价比——词汇篇

新GRE改革已经将近3年了,但是仍然有很多GRE的考生,以及GRE考试的培训师在沿用旧GRE的备考或培训策略。不少人花了大量宝贵的时间,却抓不住考试重点。本文旨在分享G神团队这些年来的教学和考试所积攒起的经验,我们将首先探讨词汇与长难句两项GRE基本技能的学习,然后对阅读、填空和写作三科的学习分别进行讨论,希望能够对于广大考试有所帮助。首先,我们来探讨一下新旧GRE在词汇方面的差异及新时代下更合理的备考建议。

除六级考纲内单词外,新GRE改革以来在填空中出现过的单词总共只有不到1700个

旧GRE与新GRE一大区别就是对于词汇的考察。旧GRE的类比反义考试几乎就是纯粹对词汇量的考察,而在类比反义被取消之后,新GRE的词汇难度显然下降了一大截。十年前所有复习GRE的学生,几乎会把自己一半以上的复习时间都用在背《红宝书》上,而且传说这本书得翻来覆去背50遍才能达到考试要求。这种言论的影响力是如此之大,以致现在GRE班上的学生仍然以为自己考不好新G主要是因为自己词汇量的缺陷,或者只要词汇搞定了,之后的复习就是一马平川。那么,就让我们来讨论一下词汇对最终的GRE成绩有多大影响,以及到底应该采取什么策略来学习。

毫无疑问,最需要词汇量的部分就是填空了。以下题为例:

The students’______ nature were in sharp contrast to the imperturbable disposition of their teacher.

A. volatile

B. duplicitous

C. apathetic

D. cunning

E. blithe

诸如此类的题目在GRE填空中屡见不鲜,它的特点是,句内逻辑关系清晰,几乎所有人都知道空中要填的是和imperturbable相反的词。因此,这道题最后能不能做对,完全取决于考生是否认识imperturbable以及各个选项的单词。

原则上,填空可能会考到的单词量是无法精确测量的,毕竟ETS并没有一个所谓的单词范围。但这绝不意味着学生们需要无限量的背单词,或是选择单词量最大的GRE词汇书。为什么呢?首先,据统计,新GRE改革以来在填空考试中出现过的单词,除去六级考试考纲以内的单词,一共只有1700个不到。这个量显然不算夸张。这个数据告诉我们,如果我们要在填空中取得好的成绩,单词方面在保证四六级的单词熟练掌握的基础上,并不需要去背三四千个海量单词。

没有必要追求1700这个数字,而是要先学习GRE核心单词库

其次,也是更重要的是,即便1700这个数字其实都是没有必要达到的,因为这其中包含了一些只出现过一次,甚至都不是正确答案的单词。比如,今年有一次考试出现了caterwaul这个单词,过去所有GRE词汇书都没有收录,但我们完全没有必要因为这个疏漏而自责。《红宝书》中的海量单词确实都是过去GRE考试曾经出过的,但其中大量的单词都是只出现过一两次,再也没有考过的不重要单词。然而,假如考生以这么大的词汇库作为目标,花N倍于常人的努力,却只换回了极少数题目的额外正确率,前提还是那些单词背过了。《红宝书》这样的单词库没有能够体现一个对同学们重要的变量,那就是词频。Avalanche(山崩)和Disparate(不同的)都是其中收录的词,哪个重要,你需要先背哪个?它并没有告诉你。事实是,像Avalanche这样的专有名词,出现的本来就不多,况且,在考场上不认识,几乎没有一点影响。于是,我们见到了很多GRE考生中的“词霸”,考场上却没有取得和词汇量成比例的成绩,就是因为他们把有限的经历花在了投入产出比相当低的地方。因此,我们的建议是,一定要首先学习GRE核心单词库。什么是GRE的核心单词?比如表示“难懂的”这个意思的词汇(impenetrable, arcane, inscrutable, unfathomable, esoteric, recondite, abstruse),比如跟“矛盾、不同”意思相关的词汇(irony, paradox, contradiction, dilemma, dichotomy, incongruity, inconsistency, incoherence, heterogeneity),是每一次考试都会出现的。对这些词,我们不仅要做到认识,更要做到熟练联系同反义词,因为这部分单词在考试中是投入产出比最高的。

有些考生可能会根据考场经验反驳说,考试中填空有好几道题的单词没有见过,所以最后考砸了。显然,只背核心单词,一定会遇到某些题不认识。这是考砸的主要原因么?绝不可能。同学们必须知道GRE考试是一个容错率很高的考试。举个例子,当我考verbal168分时,我的准确率是36/40,当我考verbal163分时,我的准确率是30/40。显然,163分的语文成绩对于绝大部分学生来说都是非常理想的分数了,而得163分的人其实错了四分之一。绝大部分同学只需要一个verbal155,不少人甚至可以对verbal 150满意,而verbal150是两个section总共错了过半的。考砸的是哪些人呢?是那些考了140多分的学生。140多分是错了多少题?超过一半,接近错三分之二。这个错误率的同学,不应该抱怨自己速度慢,不应该抱怨核心单词范围小,只应该抱怨自己其实连最简单的,诸如我们前面举过的例子那样基本的题目都没有做对。

不要一味地抱着单词书刷单词,一定要结合题目

另外一个背单词的注意事项是,不要一味地抱着单词书刷单词。在背完一两遍,对单词有一定印象之后,一定要结合题目。事实是,正常的同学,面对有好几个意思的单词时,基本只会选择第一个意思,或者是最容易记的意思。但是,这个意思不见得是实际会考到的意思。即便是真的记住了多个意思,最重要的能力其实是知道多义词具体什么时候是哪个意思。比如promise这个词,有保证、预示、前途等意思。同学们需要的能力不仅仅是记住三个意思,最关键的是在实际的语句中,能够快速的判断到底是哪个意思。这种能力是做题来的,通过看到在实际考试中,promise的各个意思分别在什么场合下使用,我们能够真正懂得这个单词:做“前途”讲的promise是名词;做“预示”讲的promise是动词,动作发出者应该是事物;做“保证”讲的promise是动词,动作发出者应该是人。这些能力是单纯的词汇书不会探讨的,并且在过遍数的时候我们不会去想的,只有在结合具体语境时才能意识到。再者,很多单词在词汇书中的中文翻译不合适,会对于做题产生负面影响,此时,一定要选择通过做题挑出这种单词,转而记其英文同义词释义。比如,arbitrary这个词经常被翻译成“独断的”,但其实在考试中,它就等同于random。然而,我们怎么知道哪个单词的中文翻译不准确呢?

我们的建议是,先背一两遍核心单词,记中文意思(这个中文意思可能是不准的,但是在第一阶段我们可以接受),然后就可以开始做填空题了。此时,如果遇到任何一道题目,明明题目完全理解,但是却不知道填哪个词,这很可能就是单词意义理解不准确,此时一定要看英文同义词释义,以后再记这个单词时,就要抛掉过去的中文解释。有的GRE教师建议大家记单词都记英文释义,这显然是绝大部分同学做不到的;但是,中文释义经常不准怎么办。以上的流程就是为了解决这个问题的。很多同学纯粹拿单词书记单词,不尽快结合考题,导致的结果就是中文意思记得滚瓜烂熟,但对于考试却没什么帮助。

GRE重点词汇解析:contumacious

contumacious: 不听命令的; stubbornly disobedient; stubbornly rebellious

1) insubordinate, rebellious

2) resisting authority

3) insubordinate, rebellious

Synonyms: headstrong, obstinate

contumacious : authority

contumacious obedient

The man was put in jail for contumacious actions.

The contumacious little girl refused to listen to reason and to wear a jacket or shoes.

Re:contumacious: 不听命令的; stubbornly disobedient; stubbornly rebelli ..

contumacious : authority = hidebound : innovation 不听命令的:权威=死板的:创新

contumacious : authority = conservative : innovation

contumacious : authority = reactionary : change (A refuse B)

GRE重点词汇解析:quiescence

quiescence: state of being at rest or without motion

1) stillness; motionlessness; quality of being at rest

quiescencetumult

After a tough day on the shipping dock, one needs quiescence.

A period of quiescence is useful to calm the nerves.

TOPSY-TURVY: DISORDER

A. permanent: flux

B. invigorated: inertia

C. tentative: proof

D. worthy: judgment

E. dormant: quiescence

QUIESCENCE(安静):

A) impartiality

B) subtlety

C) indictment

D) rationality

E) action

A.公正

B. 微妙(狡猾)

C. 起诉

D. 理性

E. 行动

Yellow fever, the disease that killed 4,000 philadelphians in 1793, and so----Memphis,Tennessee, that the city lost its charter, has reappeared after nearly two decades in----in the Western Hemisphere.

terrorized.. contention

ravaged.. secret

disabled.. quarantine

corrupted.. quiescence

decimated.. abeyance

GRE重点词汇解析:reticent

reticent: 沉默的; inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in speech

1) silent, reserved

2) tending to be uncommunicative or silent

3) reserved, untalkative, silent, taciturn, introvert

4) quiet; reserved; reluctant to express thoughts and feelings

reticent loquacious, ebullient, voluble, talktive, histrionic, effusive, frank, prolix, garrulous, fluent, glib

histrionic reticent behavior teb

reticent : garrulous

reticent : speak

reticent : talk

1. Physically small and reticent in her speech, Joan Didion often went unnoticed by those upon whom she was reporting.

2. Thinking her parents would not approve, Hannah was reticent about her plans to move to Brazil.

相近词汇:reserved, restrained, cool, introverted, laconic, standoffish, taciturn, undemonstrative

Re:reticent: 沉默的; inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in speech

frugal : spend

abstemious : gorge 沉默不语的:谈话=有节制地:狼吞虎咽

spend : parsimonious 说:沉默的=浪费:节俭的

AFFABLE uncommunicative, reticent , glum , solitary EFFUSIVE reticent, insensitive, torpid , listless

GRE重点词汇解析:volatile

volatile: 不稳定的; easily aroused or changeable; lively or explosive

1) evaporating easily; explosive, changeable

2) 1. a. tending to vary often or widely, as in price

b. inconstant; fickle

c. lighthearted; flighty

d. ephemeral; fleeting

2. tending to violence; explosive

3) changeable; explosive; evaporation rapidly

4) readily changing to a vapor; changeable; fick; explosive

5) easily aroused or changeable; lively or explosive

n. volatility

instable : volatility :: harmonious : congruence

craven : heroic :: volatile : constant (OPPOSITE)

volatile : temper :: ready : wit

volatile : evaporate :: soluble : dissolve

volatile constant, stable

imperturbability volatility

Fearing the substitute teacher’s volatile temper, the children were quiet and obedient.

Syn: volatility, gaseous; capricious, unstable,capricious, erratic, fickle, inconsistent, inconstant, mercurial, temperamental

His volatile personality made it difficult to predict his reaction to anything.

多变的: characterized by or subject to rapid or unexpected change

【例】a boss of volatile moods 一个性情多变的老板‖The stock market can be very volatile. 股 市瞬息万变。

【近】 capricious, changeable, fluid, inconstant, mercurial, skittish, temperamental, variable, versatile

【反】 certain, changeless, constant, immutable, invariable, settled, stable, stationary, steady, unchangeable, unvarying 固定的,不变的

【派】 volatility n. 易变性,易挥发性

篇3:GRE阅读备考间提高答题效率

GRE阅读备考间提高答题效率

GRE阅读提高技巧1:保持好奇心

在GRE阅读平时的练习中,想必大家都会经常读到一些晦涩难懂的概念,这个时候,不同的态度就会对之后的学习产生一些影响。比较积极的思考方式是“真有意思啊,我又了解到某些东西”。虽然事实上你可能一辈子也不会再读到这些文章,去了美国你也只会读关于你专业的学术文章,但GRE为你提供了一个平台,让你去涉猎更多的领域。当你读到美国宪法修正案、美国黑人奴隶斗争史、女性作家时试着让自己置身于这样一个年代,你会发现自己更投入。而在这一过程中,你的知识面也得到了开拓,有时候还会学到一些新的词汇和其他内容,无形之中便提升了自己的英语阅读水平和知识积累。

GRE阅读提高技巧2:记录新概念/事件/人物

GRE阅读的pre-knowledge到底有没有用?对于这点,很多老师和学生的看法都不太相同,考虑到GRE阅读有两个难点:句子晦涩难懂和做题时间非常有限,一遍必须读懂,

如果你事先对某一概念了解了,那么pre-knowledge绝对可以帮你化险为夷。但是不要把自己的观点过多的带入到文章,这样会影响你的理解。而当你在阅读的时候读到了自己不熟悉的概念,可以Notebook或者Word等随时记下感兴趣或者不知道想要查阅的东西,或是直接上GOOGLE搜索一下相关概念,对于以后的阅读积累也是很有帮助的。

GRE阅读提高技巧3:主动去阅读

这是一个再强调也不过分的习惯。做GRE阅读练习时,积极的心态十分必要,也就是主动去读,消极被动的阅读态度和习惯会让你读完一篇文章根本不知道讲了什么,无形中便降低了学习效率。而主动读文章最好的方法就是PEAR法。这个不是梨的意思,而是四点首字母的集合:

1. Pause,读完每个段落停下来;

2. Evaluate,总结大意,思考此段落的作用;

3. Anticipate,预期下一段会讲什么;

4. Reassess,读完下一段再对第二步的evaluate进行评估。

读下一段接着继续PEAR直到全文读完,Reassess全文并清晰了解全文的行文方式和逻辑构思。

GRE阅读提高技巧4:Passage Map

读完文章用10-15秒在脑子里画一下这个文章的Map,行文方式,每一段讲了什么,作者态度。这是最重要的10到15秒,很多考生忽视了这10到15秒直接跳去做题,这样你不但对整篇文章做不到心中有数,更会造成读了后面忘了前面。

你在每一次读完一篇GRE文章,都需要在脑子里形成一个Passage Map,这是非常重要的。

掌握GRE阅读中出现的转折词

GRE阅读文章中常用的转折词有7个:but, however, yet, though, nevertheless, nonetheless, still。其中前四个为强转折词,后三个为让步式转折。读到这里,有的同学可能会疑惑:though不是让步连接词吗?没错,though一般情况下做连词,连接让步状语从句(句内转折)。但是如果是在两个逗号之间的though,则是副词,相当于however。如这句话About the same time, though, scientists realized comets might contain decaying radioactive isotopes that could have warmed cometary interiors to temperatures that caused the interiors to evolve. 此句表明科学家们完全不同意前一句的看法。让步式转折只要出现,必然是考点,同时也是容易丢分的点。

下面我们来一起看一篇GRE阅读文章:

Astronomers who study planet formation once believed that comets—because they remain mostly in the distant Oort cloud, where temperatures are close to absolute zero—must be pristine relics of the material that formed the outer planets. The conceptual shift away from seeing comets as pristine relics began in the 1970s, when laboratory simulations revealed there was sufficient ultraviolet radiation reaching comets to darken their surfaces and there were sufficient cosmic rays to alter chemical bonds or even molecular structure near the surface. Nevertheless, astronomers still believed that when a comet approached the Sun—where they could study it—the Sun’s intense heat would remove the corrupted surface layer, exposing the interior. About the same time, though, scientists realized comets might contain decaying radioactive isotopes that could have warmed cometary interiors to temperatures that caused the interiors to evolve.

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

1. It can be inferred that the author would agree with which of the following statements about the “laboratory simulations”?

A. The simulations showed that despite the low temperatures in the Oort cloud, there was sufficient energy there to alter comet

B. Astronomers were initially reluctant to accept what simulation showed about the composition of comets

C. The simulations themselves did not eliminate the possibility that comets contain pristine relics of material from the early solar system.

这是一道不定项选择题。答案是AC,很多同学都选上了B选项,他们觉得 laboratory simulations这句话后马上出现了Nevertheless, astronomers still believed…….., 因为nevertheless一词, 所以有的同学会觉得astronomers不会接受前一句的laboratory simulations的结果的。但是要知道,nevertheless和 nonetheless一样表示的都是让步式转折,也就是说天文学家接受前一句的实验结果,但是他们持不同的观点。所谓让步式转折就是接受前面的事实陈述部分,但是不接受观点。

GRE填空题的基本特征有哪些

基本特征

01 题目数量

一个Verbal的section中总量有20题,其中填空占到10道,其余的10道题目是Reading Comprehension(阅读理解)。

02 题目形式

Text Completion中可以根据空格数量分成:单空题,双空题即三空题。其中单空题有五个选项,选择一个正确答案;双空题和三空题均是每空三个选项,选择一个正确答案。举例如下:

单空题

Early studies often concluded that the public was ______ the propagandistic influence of mass communications, but one recent study indicates that, on the contrary, mass communications seldom produce marked changes in social attitudes or actions.

(A) unaware of

(B) scornful of

(C) susceptible to

(D) unimpressed by

(E) coping with

(参见Official GRE VERBAL REASONING Practice Questions第58页第3题)

双空题

The figure-skating pair’s convincing victory last week was particularly (i)______ to their rivals who were in peak form and complained privately about the judging. That the pair won when their rivals were (ii)______ too is also impressive.

Blank(i) Blank(ii)

(A) unsurprising (D) terrific

(B) irksome (E) nervous

(C) gratifying (F) inconsistent

(参见Official GRE VERBAL REASONING Practice Questions第58页第4题)

三空题

The company’s efforts to improve safety were apparently (i)______, at least according to the company’s own data, which showed that the (ii)______ incidents with the potential to cause a serious accident declined significantly. Nevertheless, independent analysts argue that those statistics are (iii)______. These analysts maintain that the company has consistently underestimated both the probability and the likely effects of accidents in the sensitive and poorly understood environment in which the company is operating.

Blank(ii) Blank(ii) Blank(iii)

(A) innovative (D) frequency of (G) deceptive

(B) successful (E) impediments to (H) testable

(C) frustrated (F) attention to (I) consistent

(参见Official GRE VERBAL REASONING Practice Questions第59页第7题)

Sentence Equivalence题目有一个空格,选项有留个,要求从其中选择出两个使句子语义最终一致,或者说选出两个广义同义的选项。举例如下:

Parkin’s characterization of the movement as Neo-Scholastic is too ______ to be accepted without further investigation.

(A) cursory

(B) detailed

(C) perfunctory

(D) biased

(E) self-evident

(F) complete

(参见Official GRE VERBAL REASONING Practice Questions第86页第5题)

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篇4:备考期间怎么提高语文复习效率

语文各部分复习技巧

语文复习过程中最重要的就是掌握基础知识,如古诗词背诵默写等需要通过大量背诵阅读来提高记忆量的,可以准备基础小册子,在有空闲时,拿出来浏览背诵,加深记忆程度!

而诗歌鉴赏的复习

就需要我们将诗歌内容理解吃透,把握原文意思,作者情感等内容再结合平时学习的鉴赏技巧,平时也注意多多解题破题,诗歌的问题就基本解决。

文言文的复习阶段

需要考试们将需要背诵的饰词、虚词、固定句式的意思多多背诵理解,再结合上下文,多多理解吃透,这一关也就吃下。

阅读理解分数的非常高的

通过结合老师们给出的答题规范技巧格式,还要分点作答、分层作答等等,再将背下来的修辞手法、表达技巧等知识套进去,如果分值较大的话,往往还要写上中心思想和作者情感什么的,具体答的怎么样还要看考生对文章整体的把握。

在语文的复习过程中

我们应该多多阅读相关题材的作品材料,在提高语文水准的同时,也会给我们的写带来相应素材,在阅读的面要广泛,有助于开拓你的视角与思路,提供更多的思维灵感,而在阅读过程,不必像背诵语文知识点一样将其吃透理解,要时刻记得,阅读是为了开拓你的视角,而不是为了记忆而记忆,毕竟真正所能运用的素材积累终究只有一部分,在学习的过程中,多多结合老师给予的阅读方向,更精准有针对性的去精读相关文章才是正道!

语文复习过程就是不断背诵理解相关知识点,再结合老师给予的学习方向,不断提高自己的阅读量与素材积累,在高考中肯定能取得满意的成绩。

篇5:会计职称备考如何提高学习效率

学习必须讲究方法,而改进学习方法的本质目的,就是为了提高学习效率,

学习效率的高低,是一个人综合学习能力的体现。在学生时代,学习效率的高低主要对学习成绩产生影响。当一个人进入社会之后,还要在工作中不断学习新的知识和技能,这时候,一个人学习效率的高低则会影响他(或她)的工作成绩,继而影响他的事业和前途。可见,在中学阶段就养成好的学习习惯,拥有较高的学习效率,对人一生的发展都大有益处。

可以这样认为,学习效率很高的人,必定是学习成绩好的学生(言外之意,学习成绩好未必学习效率高)。因此,对大部分学生而言,提高学习效率就是提高学习成绩的直接途径。

学习效率是决定学习成绩的重要因素。那么,我们如何提高自己学习效率呢?

不妨给自己定一些时间限制 连续长时间的学习很容易使自己产生厌烦情绪,这时可以把功课分成若干个部分,把每一部分限定时间,例如一小时内完成这份练习、八点以前做完那份测试等等,这样不仅有助于提高效率,还不会产生疲劳感。如果可能的话,逐步缩短所用的时间,不久你就会发现,以前一小时都完不成的作业,现在四十分钟就完成了,

备考资料

不要在学习的同时干其他事或想其他事一心不能二用的道理谁都明白,可还是有许多同学在边学习边听音乐。或许你会说听音乐是放松神经的好办法,那么你尽可以专心的学习一小时后全身放松地听一刻钟音乐,这样比带着耳机做功课的效果好多了。

不要整个晚上都复习同一门功课我以前也曾经常用一个晚上来看数学或物理,实践证明,这样做非但容易疲劳,而且效果也很差。后来我在每晚安排复习两三门功课,情况要好多了。

除了十分重要的内容以外,课堂上不必记很详细的笔记。如果课堂上忙于记笔记,听课的效率一定不高,况且你也不能保证课后一定会去看笔记。课堂上所做的主要工作应当是把老师的讲课消化吸收,适当做一些简要的笔记即可。

提高学习效率并非一朝一夕之事,需要长期的探索和积累。前人的经验是可以借鉴的,但必须充分结合自己的特点。影响学习效率的因素,有学习之内的,但更多的因素在学习之外。首先要养成良好的学习习惯,合理利用时间,另外还要注意“专心、用心、恒心”等基本素质的培养,对于自身的优势、缺陷等更要有深刻的认识。总之,“世上无难事,只怕有心人。”

篇6:GRE阅读备考如何提高记忆力

GRE阅读备考要提升记忆力 不想过目就忘就赶紧来学

GRE阅读备考要重点训练记忆力

之所以要求大家练好阅读记忆力,主要还是为了顺利解答GRE阅读部分各类题目。GRE阅读文章大多选自各类科学或者金融类杂志,篇幅较长,内容也比较深刻复杂,考生一遍看过往往难以留下足够的印象,之后解题如果还要返回再仔细看,往往会花费大量考试时间。众所周知GRE考试时间相当紧张,二次阅读会浪费大量时间。而如果考生能通过第一次阅读就把文章内容和结构大致记住,解题时就能更有针对性地找到问题涉及的文章内容,提升答题速度和正确率,而这种记忆能力,就是我们提到的阅读记忆力。

另外,阅读记忆力不止对阅读有用,对于一些题目较长的比如填空或者数学文字题来说也能起到很大作用。比如填空中的三空题,题目本身长度往往接近一篇短阅读,考生又需要同时兼顾三个空格中的选项保持整体意思的合理恰当,如果没有一定的记忆能力,填了这个空忘了前面或后面的一些关键要点,就很容易选错答案。数学中一些本身难度不高但文字表达特别复杂的WORD PROBLEM也是如此。总而言之,练好阅读记忆力,对于整场GRE考试的各类题型,都能起到一定的积极作用。

GRE阅读备考记忆力提升方法介绍

那么,考生如何才能培养好GRE考试需要的记忆能力呢?下面小编就为大家介绍具体步骤。

备考提升记忆力步骤1:先练限时记忆文章结构

1. 用3.5分钟读完一篇文章。

2. 在文章每段结尾,一句话概括出该段主旨。

3. 读完全文后,浏览每段主旨,做好归纳总结。

4. 提炼并确定文章整体主旨。

上述步骤能帮助考生熟悉全文,加快解题速度。

备考提升记忆力步骤2:查看实际记忆效果

1. 把刚才看过的文章翻页,暂时不去看。

2. 在纸上写下刚才的每段主旨和文章整体主旨。

检查记忆的步骤是为了测试你实际记住了文章里的多少内容,这也真是GRE阅读理解考察的能力。如果你刚开始练习的时候什么都没记住也没关系,但这个阶段请不要直接去看文章。只要尽可能把你还记得的东西写下来即可。

备考提升记忆力步骤3:直接答题进行验证

1. 现在可以把文章翻回来重新看了。

2. 如果题目涉及到具体细节,比如某段某行中有关于特定内容的描述说明等,就马上定位到文章当中的相关部分找寻答案。

3. 如果不是细节题,就直接答题。

4. 能够确定答案的情况下果断答题并继续做后面的题。

5. 不能确定答案的话再回到文章里找,但要求迅速完成。

6. 如果在上一步中无法解答题目,那么就做个标记,猜个答案然后继续做题。

通过以上步骤,小编相信大家的GRE阅读记忆力就会得到提升,而只要考生能够具备一定的短期记忆能力,那么之后在解答阅读或者其它题型时,就能从中受益,更高效地应对难题,并顺利取得更为理想的分数。

GRE阅读练习每日一篇

Since the Hawaiian Islands have never been connected to other land masses, the great variety of plants in Hawaii must be a result of the long-distance dispersal of seeds, a process that requires both a method of transport and an equivalence between the ecology of the source area and that of the recipient area.

There is some dispute about the method of transport involved. Some biologists argue that ocean and air currents are responsible for the transport of plant seeds to Hawaii. Yet the results of flotation experiments and the low temperatures of air currents cast doubt on these hypotheses. More probable is bird transport, either externally, by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers, or internally, by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds. While it is likely that fewer varieties of plant seeds have reached Hawaii externally than internally, more varieties are known to be adapted to external than to internal transport.

17. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with

(A) discussing different approaches biologists have taken to testing theories about the distribution of plants in Hawaii

(B) discussing different theories about the transport of plant seeds to Hawaii

(C) discussing the extent to which air currents are responsible for the dispersal of plant seeds to Hawaii

(D) resolving a dispute about the adaptability of plant seeds to bird transport

(E) resolving a dispute about the ability of birds to carry plant seeds long distances

18. The author mentions the results of flotation experiments on plant seeds (lines 10-12) most probably in order to

(A) support the claim that the distribution of plants in Hawaii is the result of the long-distance dispersal of seeds

(B) lend credibility to the thesis that air currents provide a method of transport for plant seeds to Hawaii

(C) suggest that the long-distance dispersal of seeds is a process that requires long periods of time

(D) challenge the claim that ocean currents are responsible for the transport of plant seeds to Hawaii

(E) refute the claim that Hawaiian flora evolved independently from flora in other parts of the world

19. It can be inferred from information in the passage that the existence in alpine regions of Hawaii of a plant species that also grows in the southwestern United States would justify which of the following conclusions?

(A) The ecology of the southwestern United States is similar in important respects to the ecology of alpine regions of Hawaii.

(B) There are ocean currents that flow from the southwestern United States to Hawaii.

(C) The plant species discovered in Hawaii must have traveled from the southwestern United States only very recently.

(D) The plant species discovered in Hawaii reached there by attaching to the feathers of birds migrating from the southwestern United States.

(E) The plant species discovered in Hawaii is especially well adapted to transport over long distances.

20. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?

(A) Why does successful long-distance dispersal of plant seeds require an equivalence between the ecology of the source area and that of the recipient area?

(B) Why are more varieties of plant seeds adapted to external rather than to internal bird transport?

(C) What varieties of plant seeds are birds that fly long distances most likely to swallow?

(D) What is a reason for accepting the long-distance dispersal of plant seeds as an explanation for the origin of Hawaiian flora?

(E) What evidence do biologists cite to argue that ocean and air currents are responsible for the transport of plant seeds to Hawaii?

A long-held view of the history of the English colonies that became the United States has been that England’s policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy, dominated by expansionist militarist objectives, generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution. In a recent study, Stephen Saunders Webb has presented a formidable challenge to this view. According to Webb, England already had a military imperial policy for more than a century before the American Revolution. He sees Charles II, the English monarch between 1660 and 1685, as the proper successor of the Tudor monarchs of the sixteenth century and of Oliver Cromwell, all of whom were bent on extending centralized executive power over England’s possessions through the use of what Webb calls “garrison government.” Garrison government allowed the colonists a legislative assembly, but real authority, in Webb’s view, belonged to the colonial governor, who was appointed by the king and supported by the “garrison,” that is, by the local contingent of English troops under the colonial governor’s command.

According to Webb, the purpose of garrison government was to provide military support for a royal policy designed to limit the power of the upper classes in the American colonies. Webb argues that the colonial legislative assemblies represented the interests not of the common people but of the colonial upper classes, a coalition of merchants and nobility who favored self-rule and sought to elevate legislative authority at the expense of the executive. It was, according to Webb, the colonial governors who favored the small farmer, opposed the plantation system, and tried through taxation to break up large holdings of land. Backed by the military presence of the garrison, these governors tried to prevent the gentry and merchants, allied in the colonial assemblies, from transforming colonial America into a capitalistic oligarchy.

Webb’s study illuminates the political alignments that existed in the colonies in the century prior to the American Revolution, but his view of the crown’s use of the military as an instrument of colonial policy is not entirely convincing. England during the seventeenth century was not noted for its military achievements. Cromwell did mount England’s most ambitious overseas military expedition in more than a century, but it proved to be an utter failure. Under Charles II, the English army was too small to be a major instrument of government. Not until the war with France in 1697 did William III persuade Parliament to create a professional standing army, and Parliaments price for doing so was to keep the army under tight legislative control. While it may be true that the crown attempted to curtail the power of the colonial upper classes, it is hard to imagine how the English army during the seventeenth century could have provided significant military support for such a policy.

21. The passage can best be described as a

(A) survey of the inadequacies of a conventional viewpoint

(B) reconciliation of opposing points of view

(C) summary and evaluation of a recent study

(D) defense of a new thesis from anticipated objections

(E) review of the subtle distinctions between apparently similar views

22. The passage suggests that the view referred to in lines 1-7 argued that

(A) the colonial governors were sympathetic to the demands of the common people

(B) Charles II was a pivotal figure in the shift of English monarchs toward a more imperial policy in their governorship of the American colonies

(C) the American Revolution was generated largely out of a conflict between the colonial upper classes and an alliance of merchants and small farmers

(D) the military did not play a major role as an instrument of colonial policy until 1763

(E) the colonial legislative assemblies in the colonies had little influence over the colonial governors

23. It can be inferred from the passage that Webb would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements regarding garrison government?

(A) Garrison government gave legislative assemblies in the colonies relatively little authority, compared to the authority that it gave the colonial governors.

(B) Garrison government proved relatively ineffective until it was used by Charles II to curb the power of colonial legislatures.

(C) Garrison government became a less viable colonial policy as the English Parliament began to exert tighter legislative control over the English military.

(D) Oliver Cromwell was the first English ruler to make use of garrison government on a large scale.

(E) The creation of a professional standing army in England in 1697 actually weakened garrison government by diverting troops from the garrisons stationed in the American colonies.

24. According to the passage, Webb views Charles II as the “proper successor” (line 13) of the Tudor monarchs and Cromwell because Charles II

(A) used colonial tax revenues to fund overseas military expeditions

(B) used the military to extend executive power over the English colonies

(C) wished to transform the American colonies into capitalistic oligarchies

(D) resisted the English Parliament’s efforts to exert control over the military

(E) allowed the American colonists to use legislative assemblies as a forum for resolving grievances against the crown

25. Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the author’s assertion in lines 54-58?

(A) Because they were poorly administered, Cromwell’s overseas military expeditions were doomed to failure.

(B) Because it relied primarily on the symbolic presence of the military, garrison government could be effectively administered with a relatively small number of troops.

(C) Until early in the seventeenth century, no professional standing army in Europe had performed effectively in overseas military expeditions.

(D) Many of the colonial governors appointed by the crown were also commissioned army officers.

(E) Many of the English troops stationed in the American colonies were veterans of other overseas military expeditions.

26. According to Webb’s view of colonial history, which of the following was (were) true of the merchants and nobility mentioned in line 30?

I. They were opposed to policies formulated by Charles II that would have transformed the colonies into capitalistic oligarchies.

II. They were opposed to attempts by the English crown to limit the power of the legislative assemblies.

III. They were united with small farmers in their opposition to the stationing of English troops in the colonies.

(A) I only

(B) II only

(C) I and II only

(D) II and III only

(E) I, II, and III

27. The author suggests that if William III had wanted to make use of the standing army mentioned in line 52 to administer garrison government in the American colonies, he would have had to.

(A) make peace with France

(B) abolish the colonial legislative assemblies

(C) seek approval from the English Parliament

(D) appoint colonial governors who were more sympathetic to royal policy

(E) raise additional revenues by increasing taxation of large landholdings in the colonies

答案:17-27:BDADCDABBBC

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备考GRE该用什么资料

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