GRE作文4大常见低分问题

以下是小编为大家整理的GRE作文4大常见低分问题，本文共20篇，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。

篇1：GRE作文4大常见低分问题

GRE作文4大常见低分问题逐一盘点分析

GRE写作常见低分原因：写作速度慢内容空洞

在新GRE作文中的另一个普遍问题是写作速度太慢，这显然是因为在考试前所作的准备不够充分。GRE考试的写作除了开头段和结尾段，中间一般应该写三段。但是考生在规定时间内往往只能写两段，而且字数也不够，只能写400字左右。GRE写作虽然没有字数要求，但是一篇较好的、成熟的，能够充分展示自己观点的GRE作文，一般应在600字左右，或者是600字以上。由此可见，一篇400字左右的文章在内容上是不够充实的。

GRE写作常见低分原因：论证缺乏说服力

在阐述思想观点之后，缺乏有力的例证去支持所阐述观点。或者总是引用每个人都耳熟能详的例证，例如目前最流行的例证有两个B和两个E，两个B即Bill Gates和Bill Clinton。两个E即Einstein和Edison。并不是这些例证不恰当或不足以说明问题，而是如果每一位GRE考试的考生都把爱迪生发明电灯作为例证，都引用爱因斯坦所说的成功是百分之九十九的勤劳加上百分之一的天分，那么自己的文章就显得平庸乏味，不吸引人。同时，也说明考生的知识面狭窄，视野不开阔。

GRE写作常见低分原因：分析太肤浅宽泛

在习作中没有能够表现出对题目的复杂性的理解，有时考生用简单应对TOEFL作文的方法来对付新GRE作文，这是错误的。例如，当题目中的论述没有明确说明，但其中却隐含由这种论述可能带来的或可能产生的影响时，即implications(隐含意义)，往往在考生的作文中被忽略。还有，没有对题目的statement进行qualification，即：对原来的题目进行分析，或者是缩小它的范围。因为GRE的题目往往是比较宽泛的，直接针对如此宽泛的题目写作是非常困难的，所以必须在文章的第一段中对题目进行整理。最后一个问题是在阐述自己观点的时候，缺乏对对立观点予以应有程度的承认。

GRE写作常见低分原因：结尾段虎头蛇尾

还有一个非常关键也是获得高分至关重要的问题是写作最后一段时不应该只是简单的重复第一段的内容和语言。写作最后一段应该换一种说法，应该paraphrase第一段的要义。这点虽然与及格分数不甚相关，但是与GRE作文是否能获得最高分数息息相关。这个弱点往往是由于同学们非常缺乏写作语汇(working vocabulary)所致。GRE考生大都是大学生，或是在校，或是即将毕业，在阅读方面的英文词汇量大大超过了中学生，但在写作词汇上却与中学生相差不多，这是在备考时需要解决的问题。

如何解决上述GRE作文问题，小编给出以下几条建议：

充分积累案例论据素材

在备考过程中要多准备例子，并把它们一一写下来，进行分类。一个例子往往可以应对好几个同类的题目，这样做是效率最高的办法。

提升自信树立写作信心

我们都害怕写作文，想到要练习写一整篇文章，往往就没有了信心。其实我们可以从练习写作开头段，然后设计文章的提纲开始。写开头段能够让我们以轻松一点的心情着手GRE写作的准备，并且迅速了解所有的题目，因为GRE的题目数量是固定的。

储备写作词汇高分句式

储备积极词汇，用时得心应手。从备考的开始就要着手增加working vocabulary, 当然也包含词组，成语。平时背的词汇往往只是看到它能知道其中文的某个翻译意思，但是我们却不能灵活运用这些词汇进行表达，更不用说在短暂的GRE写作考试时间内用它们遣词造句了。

GRE写作满分范文赏析

“The media (books, film, music, television, for example) tend to create rather than reflect the values of a society.”

For our grandparents it occurred through films and books. For the baby boomers it was a result of television and revolutionary music. No matter how the impact took place, it is clear that since its very advent, the media have played a crucial role in not simply being representative of the values of our society but creating them as well.

During the roaring twenties Americans found themselves in a struggle between the old ways of their ancestors and the new ways of the future. The once steadfast beliefs that men and women should not touch while dancing, and that ladies should not drink or smoke were suddenly being challenged. From where was all this rebellion stemming? Partly it was due to the returning doughboys from the shores of Europe bringing home revolutionary ideas they had encountered while at war. Nonetheless, returning soldiers could not be held responsible for the social upheaval that America experienced. There had to be another cause, and there was, the media. Although the films of the era were silent they spoke volumes to the society for which they were created. Women in these movies wore their hemlines a few inches shorter than the decade before them and they wore cosmetics to accentuate their new bobbed haircuts. The movies, as well as the books of that era, demonstrated a new materialistic attitude that America had never before experienced. Films portrayed every character as having the money to buy a new car, drink, smoke and partake in the leisures of life, a philosophy that was soon adopted by the youth of the decade. The use of the media in the twenties was to serve as a catalyst for the revolutionary ideas that were circulating. The films and books of that era sped America along its path of change that eventually led to the greatest social unrest that the United States had ever known.

Unlike the twenties, the sixties and seventies utalized the media in a way that appealed to those searching for truth in a lost and confused world. Martin Luther King Jr. realized the impact of the media on society during his campaign for civil rights. King urged his followers to withstand any abuse that they might encounter because the media will take their peacefulness into the homes of their society. By doing so, King sucessfully began to change the traditional view of race. Americans began to sympathize with the protesters because of the undeserved turmoil they faced at the hands of the government. As a result, America relinquished the Jim Crow laws and saw many other groups press for their individual rights as well. Television cameras rolled as Cesar Chavez organized the migrant workers in California and as Bella Abzug and Gloria Steinham linked arms to protest the lack of women's rights.

While the media helped to shape some attitudes about racism and gender it also helped to uncover the truth behind government lies. During the Nixon

Comments:

This is an outstanding response, even though it is not quite finished. The writer's views on the issue are so cogent, well articulated, and well developed that the writer was not penalized for failing to provide a conclusion. What matters is the quality of thinking and writing displayed, not whether a paper is totally finished or has a certain number of words.

The writer's skill is apparent in the opening lines. The first words, “For our grandparents it occurred,” immediately spark the reader's interest.

GRE写作满分范文赏析

“The media (books, film, music, television, for example) tend to create rather than reflect the values of a society.”

The media does tend to create rather than reflect the values of a society.

One example of this observation is the fact that the media is owned, controlled and used my a segment of the population that is usually out of touch with the realities of groups within the society it covers. . . For example, the gangster rappers have gained a reputation for being women hating, anti-authority, and violent. Before, the MTV and V-H1 and CNN provided coverage to these groups, theyre were limited to street sales and specific areas that w ere not mainstream. Thanks to national coverage in print and broadcast, these groups becaome more popular because it was “different” and taboo. The lyrics, dances, and fashion statements portrayed became big money items and surburbanited people were intrigued withe this counter-culture. They began to act, talk and behave like the lyrics espressed. Continued media fenzy contributed to kids wanting to become more familiar with this culture, thereby creating an atmosphere or arena for this counter-culturre to legitimate. The media created these values but these vlaues of the gangster rapeer do not reflect the actual values of the society.

Another example of the media creating the values of a society is the coverage of the modeling industry. Clearly, most women neither want to or can look like Kate Moss. The typical Calvin Klein male models do not appear the way most men are naturally. This look is both unhealthy and atypical of most humans. Nevertheless, thanks to the media's coverage, including magazine advocating, newspapers ads, and commercials to sell products, a large portion of this society has done everything from liposuction to becoming bullimic to attain a supermodel look. If the media does not cover the indutrsy in such a manner, a growing number of people would not care about the skeletal look of kate Moss or any other unrealistic physical attrubutes that are usually genetically or surgically produced. The media creates this image of how men and women should look thereby creating the values of this society. These values would be totally different without the media's negative influence.

Lastly, when the media chooses to focus on pervers and negative, and unhealthy aspects of a society, then that part of society becomes the “values' of that society. Gangster rap or anorexic models could not possibly have made it without the media's concentrated coverage of either.

Comments:

This response presents an adequate discussion of the topic. After a succinct announcement of the writer's position on the issue, the paper develops two relevant examples: musicians (”gangster rappers“) who have negatively influenced people's behavior and superstar models who have negatively influenced people's self-image.

Although the examples are well chosen and support the writer抯 position, they are not always clearly explained. For example, the writer claims that ”most women neither want to nor can look like Kate Moss“ but then contradicts that claim by explaining that ”a large portion of this society has done everything from liposuction to becoming bullimic to attain a supermodel look.“

In general, the vocabulary is clear, but not particularly precise. Sentences are formed correctly, but they lack effective variety. Grammatical and mechanical errors occur, but they do not seriously interfere with meaning. In almost every way, this is an adequate response and earns a score of 4.

GRE

篇2：GRE作文4大常见低分问题逐一盘点分析

GRE作文4大常见低分问题逐一盘点分析

GRE写作常见低分原因：写作速度慢内容空洞

在新GRE作文中的另一个普遍问题是写作速度太慢，这显然是因为在考试前所作的准备不够充分。GRE考试的写作除了开头段和结尾段，中间一般应该写三段。但是考生在规定时间内往往只能写两段，而且字数也不够，只能写400字左右。GRE写作虽然没有字数要求，但是一篇较好的、成熟的，能够充分展示自己观点的GRE作文，一般应在600字左右，或者是600字以上。由此可见，一篇400字左右的文章在内容上是不够充实的。

GRE写作常见低分原因：论证缺乏说服力

在阐述思想观点之后，缺乏有力的例证去支持所阐述观点。或者总是引用每个人都耳熟能详的例证，例如目前最流行的例证有两个B和两个E，两个B即Bill Gates和Bill Clinton。两个E即Einstein和Edison。并不是这些例证不恰当或不足以说明问题，而是如果每一位GRE考试的考生都把爱迪生发明电灯作为例证，都引用爱因斯坦所说的成功是百分之九十九的勤劳加上百分之一的天分，那么自己的文章就显得平庸乏味，不吸引人。同时，也说明考生的知识面狭窄，视野不开阔。

GRE写作常见低分原因：分析太肤浅宽泛

在习作中没有能够表现出对题目的复杂性的理解，有时考生用简单应对TOEFL作文的方法来对付新GRE作文，这是错误的。例如，当题目中的论述没有明确说明，但其中却隐含由这种论述可能带来的或可能产生的影响时，即implications(隐含意义)，往往在考生的作文中被忽略。还有，没有对题目的statement进行qualification，即：对原来的题目进行分析，或者是缩小它的范围。因为GRE的题目往往是比较宽泛的，直接针对如此宽泛的题目写作是非常困难的，所以必须在文章的第一段中对题目进行整理。最后一个问题是在阐述自己观点的时候，缺乏对对立观点予以应有程度的承认。

GRE写作常见低分原因：结尾段虎头蛇尾

还有一个非常关键也是获得高分至关重要的问题是写作最后一段时不应该只是简单的重复第一段的内容和语言。写作最后一段应该换一种说法，应该paraphrase第一段的要义。这点虽然与及格分数不甚相关，但是与GRE作文是否能获得最高分数息息相关。这个弱点往往是由于同学们非常缺乏写作语汇(working vocabulary)所致。GRE考生大都是大学生，或是在校，或是即将毕业，在阅读方面的英文词汇量大大超过了中学生，但在写作词汇上却与中学生相差不多，这是在备考时需要解决的问题。

如何解决上述GRE作文问题，小编给出以下几条建议：

充分积累案例论据素材

在备考过程中要多准备例子，并把它们一一写下来，进行分类。一个例子往往可以应对好几个同类的题目，这样做是效率最高的办法。

提升自信树立写作信心

我们都害怕写作文，想到要练习写一整篇文章，往往就没有了信心。其实我们可以从练习写作开头段，然后设计文章的提纲开始。写开头段能够让我们以轻松一点的心情着手GRE写作的准备，并且迅速了解所有的题目，因为GRE的题目数量是固定的。

储备写作词汇高分句式

储备积极词汇，用时得心应手。从备考的开始就要着手增加working vocabulary, 当然也包含词组，成语。平时背的词汇往往只是看到它能知道其中文的某个翻译意思，但是我们却不能灵活运用这些词汇进行表达，更不用说在短暂的GRE写作考试时间内用它们遣词造句了。

以上就是小编为各位考生整理的关于新GRE作文常见弊病及解决方案介绍，希望考生积极做好备考工作，及时调整好状态，争取在GRE写作考试中取得理想的成绩!

GRE写作精选范文参考练习

GRE写作题目：

The function of science is to reassure; the purpose of art is to upset. Therein lies the value of each.

科学的作用是解惑;艺术的目的是创新。只有这样他们才各得其所。

GRE写作范文：

Science and art are two of the most glorious fields in which numerous people have made their great contributions. As the society develops, people concern more about the function of science, of art and of other realms. Some may argue that the function of science is to reassure, and the purpose of art is to upset, however, as far as I am concerned, science and art have more significant values than just to reassure or to upset people.

The main function of science is to propel the development of human society and to provide people the power to understand the nature and ourselves. In the primordial days of the human history, when the conception of science first emerged, science was to answer people's questions and to satisfy people's curiosity towards myriad mysterious phenomenon. If we understand the science in such way, we can't see clear differences between the inchoate religion and the inchoate science, because, the functions of both of them are nearly the same, and both contain totally absurd theories if one studies them today. One may agree that in that period of time, science was largely to reassure people's fear towards the mysteries just as what religions try to do.

However, the development of science finally makes it an important tool for us to understand the nature and to change the nature in our favor. The understanding of electricity expels the old thought that the thunder is a sign indicating that the god is angry. The advancement achieved in medicine greatly elongate human's life, and nowadays people no longer depend on certain rituals to give them health. Discoveries and inventions alike have transformed our society into the nowadays form, and provide us great power to determine our future. If science is only to reassure us, how can we achieve the feats we have made through our history? As Francis Bacon once said, ”Knowledge is power“, the true function of science is to give us the power to conquer the difficulties we confront.

Unlike science, arts which seldom give us the power to better our material lives, mainly concern about our spiritual lives. Admittedly, some arts actually upset people by let us see the weakness of the human nature or the darkness of our society, as the art works of Michelangelo. However, arts possess much more functions than just upset us. Arts can ease our emotions and reassure us, as the music of Mozart does; arts can give us confidence and braveness, as the music of Beethoven does; arts can also tell us what philosophy is, as the music of Mahler does. Although arts possess so many functions,one can judge that the major function of art is to represent the life and to present the artists' ideals. Most literary works, such as fictions, poems, dramas, give us a vivid image of the society. Other forms of arts have the same kind of functions. For example, Tchaikovsky composed music to represent the hard life of the common Russian people, while Van Gogh drew pictures to represent the beauty of the nature. There're also other pieces of art showing us the inner part of the artists, for instance, the representative new trend movie ”four hundred blows“. By presenting the life and the ideals, arts give us true understanding of our circumstances and ourselves in a spiritual way. Arts can not explain why it rains,but it explains how people feel about the rainy day.

GRE写作范文精选

”A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer.“

The speaker would prefer a national curriculum for all children up until college instead of allowing schools in different regions the freedom to decide on their own curricula. I agree insofar as some common core curriculum would serve useful purposes for any nation. At the same time, however, individual states and communities should have some freedom to augment any such curriculum as they see fit; otherwise, a nation's educational system might defeat its own purposes in the long tenn.

A national core curriculum would be beneficial to a nation in a number of respects. First of all, by providing all children with fundamental skills and knowledge, a common core curriculum would help ensure that our children grow up to become reasonably informed, productive members of society. In addition, a common core curriculum would provide a predictable foundation upon which college administrators and faculty could more easily build curricula and select course materials for freshmen that are neither below nor above their level of educational experience. Finally, a core curriculum would ensure that all school-children are taught core values upon which any democratic society depends to thrive, and even survive--values such as tolerance of others with different viewpoints, and respect for others.

篇3：反推GRE低分4大原因

【逆向思维】反推GRE低分4大原因 探索高分备考3原则

GRE考试低分4大原因分析

究竟是什么原因导致了考生之间分数差距较大，很多人成绩都偏低呢?在小编看来，GRE考试是综合性考试，考生无论在哪个科目哪项能力中出现了问题，都有可能会对整体成绩造成重大影响，具体来说：

1. GRE词汇

众所周知，GRE考试中词汇是重要考点，是考试基础，考生词汇量不达标，或者对词汇的理解辨析和实际运用出现问题，都会拖累整场考试，影响总分。因为没有背好单词，词汇量积累不够而产生的负面影响，将会从整体上拖累考生的发挥表现，因为词汇问题而考不好GRE只拿到低分，可以说是最为常见的失利原因。

2. GRE语文

GRE语文VERBAL部分的难度对中国考生来说是比较高的。语文三大题型中无论是逻辑、阅读还是填空都存在大量扣分点。同时语文部分的考试时间压力也是最大的，本来花点时间还能勉强做对的题目，时间一紧张就彻底搞不定的情况并不少见。很多考生都是因为语文拖后腿才没拿到好成绩。

3. GRE数学

对于数学基础相对较好的中国考生来说，其实GRE数学一般是能够帮助大家提升总分的考试科目。但数学题目本身较低的难度反而引发了部分考生在备考和考试中的轻视态度，总觉得数学简单高分满分轻而易举而忽视了最基本的备考，造成各种意料之外的粗心问题频繁发作，题目陷阱连环踩中，莫名其妙被扣掉不少分数。许多考前对数学自信满满的考生，常会在考后拿到成绩时看着数学分数时不敢置信，但其实低分早就有迹可循了。

4. GRE作文

GRE作文部分虽然分数不计入总分，但确是考试流程里第一个出现的部分。考生需要先完成连续两篇GRE作文，总计1小时的考试部分才会进入之后的语文数学科目考试。有相当数量的同学因为作文没写好或者来不及写完，影响了考试心情和状态，导致后面语文数学部分的发挥失常，也可以算是间接造成了低分。

探索GRE备考高分3大原则

了解了GRE考试的4大低分原因之后，下面小编将为大家带来GRE备考高分的3条重要原则：

1. 复习计划执行到位原则

考生需要认真对待并严格遵守复习计划。备考自然是需要复习计划的，每天看什么，什么时间看，看多久都需要安排规划好。许多考生三分钟热度，制定了一个不错的复习计划然后照做了几天就坚持不下去了，之后各种划水偷懒，三天打鱼两天晒网。如果自己制定的计划都坚持不下去，最后只会害了自己。严格遵守复习计划坚持学习，才能收获到努力的成果。

2. 以掌握知识点为核心备考原则

考生在开展GRE备考工作时核心应该是围绕知识点而不是时间表。有些考生每天的复习完全按照时间表进行，说好几小时就几小时，时间到了也不管是不是还没学完，书看一半练习没做完就准备拖到明天再说。这样的做法效率是非常低的。GRE备考应该围绕题型和知识点来进行复习。每天需要学哪几个知识点，每个科目要掌握哪个题型的解题思路和方法都事先分配好，按照这样的方法，才能更加完整系统地从整体上打好基础。

3. 考前冲刺调整状态原则

考生在临近GRE考前最后3天应该以调整状态为主。GRE备考不易，一路学来相信大家在收获了大量知识经验的同时身心状态也变得非常疲惫。这样的状态直接去考试很难发挥好。因此，参加考试前至少要留出3天左右的时间用来调整状态。这就好比古代大战之前都会讲究养精蓄锐再开战，GRE考试之前也应该如此安排。

综上所述，GRE备考中考生不仅要关注各类冲刺高分的经验心得，也需要结合自身实际情况脚踏实地地打好基础了解可能导致低分的原因。只有彻底排除了低分危险，考生才能无后顾之忧地发挥出最佳状态，力争GRE高分。

每日GRE词汇精选

1.palatable /‘p?l?t?bl/ adj. 可口的,美味的

palat-=roof of the mouth,上颚，引申为“味道”;-able表示能够。因此palatable 表示“可口的，美味的”。

【例句】a very palatable local red wine. 口味很好的本地葡萄酒。

2.foolhardy /‘fulhɑrdi/ adj. <贬>莽撞的;有勇无谋的

fool 傻瓜;hardy 鲁莽的;所以foolhardy，其实就是又傻又莽撞(莽撞本身就是贬义，哪有聪明的还用莽撞形容的)，所以就是“莽撞的”。

【例句】It is foolhardy to depend on Middle Eastern countries for our oil supplies. 把我们的石油供应都依赖于中东国家是鲁莽的。

3.consonant /‘kɑns?n?nt/ adj. 一致的, 符合的, 协调的

con-=together,一起;son-=sound,声音;声音在一起和谐一致，即“协调的，符合的”。

4.chastise /t??’sta?z/ vt. 严惩(某人)(尤指责打)

词根cast-=to make pure,使纯洁;因此“严惩某人”，其实就是使某人变得正确、正直、纯洁。这里单词中的chast-来自cast-,体现了构词中字母h的脱落。同根词chaste adj. 贞洁的;有道德的;纯洁的;朴素的。而进一步，cast-最早的含义是“分割，划分”，纯洁的事物是从普通的事物中“分割”出来的。如castle 城堡，也是人的地域划分。

【例句】The quality of this suit isn’t quite consonant with its price. 这套衣服的质量和价钱不相称。

5.recapitulate /‘rik?'p?t??'let/ vt. 总结,扼要重述

re-=again;cap-=head,这里可以理解为核心，因此这个词的根本含义是“重新把头(重点/核心)拿出来”，即“总结，扼要重述”。

【例句】Let’s recapitulate the main ideas. 让我们来概括一下要点。(这句话应该经常在课上听老师说到吧!)

6.importune /??mp?r’tun/ vt. 纠缠,向(某人)不断要求; (妓女)拉(客)

im-=not; port-=港口，门;本意是“没有港口的，无法入港的”，引申为“麻烦，纠缠”。其实通过最后的一个意思“拉客”就很好理解啦，总是纠缠着你嘛。

【例句】The boy importuned the teacher to raise his mark. 那个男孩纠缠着老师给他提分。

7.puissant /‘pw?s?nt/ adj. 有力的;强大的,有势力的

pui-=power,-sant为形容词后缀，因此表示“有力的，强大的”。

8.rash /r??/ adj. 太急速的; 鲁莽的; 轻率的 n. 发疹, 疹子

ras-=scrape,刮、擦，来自拉丁语。因此rash作为形容词表示“轻率的，鲁莽的”，作为名词表示“疹子”，其实就是让人忍不住要去抓挠的。同根词 eraser 橡皮，就是把东西擦掉的东西。

【例句】It would be extremely rash to make such an assumption. 做出这样的假定是极为轻率的。

【短语】a rash of 一连串的

9.indulge /?n’d?ld?/ vt. 满足;使沉迷于…;使高兴;纵容

in-=not;dul-=dull 呆滞的，迟钝的，无趣的;因此这个词表示“不甘于无趣的”，即“使高兴，纵容”。

10.scrupulous /‘skrupj?l?s/ adj. 严格认真的，一丝不苟

来自拉丁语。同源词 scruple n. 微量;顾虑; scruple最早表示“小而锐利的石头引起不舒服”，推断来自“鞋子里面的小石头，让人感觉到不舒服”，因此可以表示“微量，顾虑”。可以通过scruple记忆scrupulous，就是关注每个细节，即“严格认真的，一丝不苟的”。

【例句】The research has been carried out with scrupulous attention to detail. 这项研究开展时对细节给予了细心关注。

每日GRE词汇精选

1.artful /‘ɑrtfl/ adj. (指人)狡猾的, 诡诈的;精明的;机灵的

词根art-=skill;

【近义词】crafty, foxy, astute.

2.transitory /‘tr?ns?t?ri/ adj.短暂的,转瞬即逝的

trans-=across; it-=go,因此表示一下就跨过去的，可以联想汉语中的“白驹过隙”记忆。

3.exhort /?ɡ’z?rt/ vt. & vi. 劝告,劝说

ex-=向外;hort-=courage，因此这个词表示，鼓励人向外(去行动)，引申为“劝告，劝说”。

【例句】The general exhorted his men to fight well. 将军鼓励他的士兵好好作战。

4.succor /‘s?k?/ n. <古,正>救助,帮助(尤指需要时)

suc-=under;cor-=cur-=run，跑;从下面跑过来，或者跑到下面来支撑你，即“救助，帮助”，有点像中文中的“雪中送炭”。

【例句】succor a besieged city 解救被困之城。

5.paradox /‘p?r?dɑks/ n. 似非而是的论点;悖论，反论;自相矛盾的人或事

para-=旁边，dox-=opinion;因此表示旁边的、与自己不一样的的观点。引申为“矛盾、悖论”。

6.entice /?n’ta?s/ vt. 诱使;怂恿

【例句】The whole purpose of bribes is to entice governments to act against the public interest. 贿赂的整个目的就是要诱使政府部门违背公众利益行事。

7.unconscionable /?n’kɑn??n?bl/ adj. 昧着良心的;不合理的;过分的

un-=not;consci-=conscience，良知，良心;-able=能够。因此表示“昧着良心的”。

【例句】an unconscionable bargain 【律】不正当契约

8.pervade /p?’ved/ vt. 遍及;弥漫

per-=through;vad-=go，走;走到各个地方的，引申为“遍及，弥漫”。

9.waive /wev/ vt. 放弃;搁置

词源同wave 波动，波浪;waive引申为在波浪上的，漂浮物，引申为“放弃，搁置”。同源词还有waif 无家可归的人，流浪儿。

【例句】He has waived all claim to the money. 他放弃了索取这笔钱的权利。

10.congenial /k?n’d?in??l/ adj. 宜人的, 适宜的;意气相投的

con-=together; gen-=gene-=产生;-ial为形容词后缀，因此这个词表示“产生的东西是一样的”，引申为“意气相投的”。

【例句】In this small village he found few persons congenial to him. 在这个小村子里他发现很少有人与他志趣相投。

每日GRE词汇精选

1.admonish /?d’mɑn??/ vt. 劝告, 训诫

【词根】ad-=to; mon-=warn,警告。

【例句】She admonished me for appearing at breakfast unshaven. 她责备我没刮脸就来吃早饭。

2.reservation /?r?z?’ve??n/ 保留意见; 保留态度

【词根】re-=again; serv-=keep; 一再地留下，表示“保留”。

3.tarnish /‘tɑrn??/ vt. & vi. (通常指金属)(使)失去光泽 vt. 玷污, 败坏

【近义词】stain

【例句】Moisture leads to the tarnish of the silverware. 湿气使得银器毫无光泽。

4.unalloyed /??n?’l??d/ adj. 非合金的;不掺杂的;纯粹的;真正的

【词根】un-=not; all-=强调;loy-=lig-=to bind,绑;没有绑到一起的，即没有混合的，引申为“不掺杂的，纯粹的”。或者通过单词记忆也可以，alloy 合金，所以unalloyed 就是“非合金的，纯粹的”。

【近义词】pure

【例句】unalloyed delight. 真正的快乐。

5.arcane /ɑr’ken/ adj. 晦涩难解的;神秘的;秘传的

【词根】arc-=弧;用弧形的东西盖上的，引申为“神秘的，秘传的”。

【近义词】esoteric adj. 秘传的;限于圈内人的;难懂的 (这个词千万不要和“exoteric adj. 开放的;外界的;通俗的”搞混了，两个单词只有一个字母不一样，意思却完全相反，在希腊语中，eso-=within;ex=out)

6.exposition /??ksp?’z???n/ n. 〈正〉阐述, 讲解;展览会, 博览会

【词根】ex-=out;pos-=put;因此这个词表示把东西或道理放到外面来，引申为“展览会，阐述”。

7.churlish /?t??..l??/ adj. 没有礼貌的;脾气暴躁的

【词源】churl n.吝啬鬼，粗鄙之人，(中世纪的)农民。指英国中世纪自有田地的农民阶层，处于奴隶和骑士之间。很多农民不堪政府重税(用来安抚入侵的维京人)，自愿卖身为奴，换取领主的保护，而对他们的歧视便产生了这个词。

【例句】It seems churlish to complain. 去投诉好像太粗暴卑鄙了。

8.celerity /s?’l?r?ti/ n. 敏捷;快速

【词根】celer-=quick,如accelerate 加速。

【例句】Celerity is the soul of warfare. 兵贵神速。

9.bellicose /?b?l??kos/ adj. <正>好战的;好争吵的;好斗的

【词根】bell-=bel-=war,fight,战争，打斗;-ose=多……的;因此表示“好战的，好争吵的”。

【例句】I remind myself that the war in Iraq started with bellicose posturing and photographs. 我提醒自己，伊拉克战争始于好斗的姿态和照片。

10.fallacy /‘f?l?si/ n. 谬论，谬误

【词根】fall-=fail-=fault,错误，-acy为名词后缀，因此fallacy表示“谬误，谬论”。

【例句】It is a fallacy to suppose that riches always bring happiness. 认为财富总能带来幸福是一种错误的见解。

篇4：名师详解GRE一战低分4大主要原因

名师详解GRE一战低分4大主要原因 提前了解这些问题降低失利风险

紧张导致发挥失常

有些考生在考前准备充分，却因为初次上考场过度紧张，结果发挥不尽如人意，最终没有取得满意分数。对于大多数GRE考生，特别是第一次参加GRE考试的同学来说，紧张情绪其实十分正常。GRE本身就是一个充满压力的考试，无论是考试时间还是题目难度都会给考生造成巨大压力。而如果是因为紧张导致了考试的失败，那么之后要做的就是学会处理应对这种压力。

具体来说，考生可以在第二次考试前进行模考练习，尽可能完全按照实际考试来进行，包括时间上的要求等，通过模拟真实考试来逐渐适应考试压力。如果在考试中受到了来自外界的干扰，比如有人咳嗽或者座椅发出声响等，那么在模考中也可以通过打开电视等方式为自己增加干扰源，训练抗干扰能力。

另外，考试中还可以通过调整呼吸节奏来缓解压力。考试紧张的一大表现就是呼吸变得短而急促，考生应该学会注意自身呼吸频率的变化，通过进行深呼吸来调节并减轻压力，这样做还能帮助考生集中注意力，更好的应对考试。

模考练习不到位

GRE考试成绩不理想的另一大原因就是没有进行足够的模考练习。很多考生往往忽视模考练习的重要性，或者只是把模考题目当成没有任何时间限制要求的普通练习来做。实际上，模考是最容易帮助考生找到问题发现不足的手段，而高度还原考试时间和流程安排的完整模考练习，对于考生适应真实考试环境，学会在压力下保持状态发挥和掌握时间分配技巧也有很大好处。没有进行充足的模考练习就贸贸然的上了考场，平时所学在考场压力和不适应考试节奏等因素的影响下，往往连一半都很难发挥出来，考不出满意的成绩也就不足为怪了。

复习材料不给力

这个原因并不是把考不好怪罪到材料头上，但由于GRE备考材料众多，考生因为选择了质量低劣的备考资料而没有做好充分准备的情况的确常有发生，也往往会因此影响到考试的表现。建议大家在选择备考材料前，因做好充分的咨询和调查，通过多种渠道详细了解各类复习资料的使用和参考价值，选择实用靠谱的复习资料，比如Magoosh，曼哈顿GRE或者ETS官方出品的OG指南，都是值得推荐的GRE备考好材料。

不了解自身优缺点

不同的考生，在GRE考试中也会有不同的强项和弱项，有的考生语文较好数学不行，也有考生数学满分但作文写不好。只有找到自己在GRE考试中擅长和欠缺的地方，进行针对性的练习加以补足，才能更好的发挥实力，在考试中取得好成绩。如果连自己的优缺点都还不了解，去参加考试也只是在浪费时间。而如何了解自己，这里就又要和上文的模考练习扯上关系了。模考练习是发现自身问题最好的手段，平时在无压力下做题时发现不了的问题，往往会在模考面前暴露无遗，考生也能因此给自己找到改进和提高的空间。

俗话说失败乃成功之母。对于GRE考试也是如此，希望各位在考试中没能取得理想成绩的同学，能够从失败中吸取教训发现问题，在之后的考试中有所进步，最终取得满意结果。

GRE分类词汇记忆：劝告

2.9.2 劝告，警告，建议

coax v. 巧言劝诱，哄诱

exhort v. 力劝，勉励

expostulate v. 告诫，(对人或行为进行)抗议

officious adj. 好忠告的，爱发命令的;过度殷勤的

remonstrate v. 规劝;抗议

admonish v. 警告;训诫 (admonitory adj. 警告的)

caveat n. 警告，告诫

alert adj. 警惕的，机警的 n. 警报 (alertness n. 警戒，戒备)

cautionary adj. 警戒的，劝人谨慎的

leery adj. 机警的，怀疑的

vigilant adj. 机警的，警惕的

proffer n./v. 提议，建议;献出，赠送

proposal n. 提案，建议

proposition n. 提议;看法

protagonist n. 提议者，支持者

quibble n. 吹毛求疵的反对意见;遁词

broach v. 提出(讨论);开(瓶)

tender v. 提出(希望对方接受的意见等)

GRE分类词汇记忆：表示

2.8.2 表示

bespeak v. 显示，表示

betoken v. 表示，预示

denote v. 表示;指示意义

designate v. 指明，指出;任命，指派;adj. (官职)已任命还未就职的

emblematic adj. 作为象征的

embodiment n. 体现，化身

evince v. 表明，表示

indicate v. 显示，指出;象征

manifestation n. 表明，显示

pictorial adj. 用图片表示的，有图片的;绘画的

proclaim v. 显示;宣告，宣布

render v. 表现，呈递;提供

revelation n. 显示;揭露的事实

schematize v. 扼要表示

slobber v. 粗俗地表示;流口水;n. 口水

unfold v. 逐渐呈现;展开，打开

GRE分类词汇记忆：表演

2.7.2 表演

adlib v. 即兴表演，临时讲话

cameo n. (演员)出演;浮雕宝石;生动刻画

enact v. 扮演(角色);制定(法律)

impersonate v. 扮演;模仿

mime n. 哑剧表演;哑剧(演员) (mimi v. 模仿，戏弄)

personage n. (戏剧)角色;名人

premiere n./v. 首次公演

presentation n. 表演，介绍，描述

pretend v. 装扮;假装

preview v./n. 预演，预展

rehearsal n. 排演，演习

rehearse v. 排练，预演;详述

rendering n. 演出;翻译

rendition n. 表演，扮演，演奏，演唱

sideshow n. 杂耍，穿插表演

stagy adj. 演戏一般的，不自然的

stipple v. 点描，点画

thespian adj. 演戏的，戏剧的

underplay v. 表演(角色)不充分;淡化…的重要性

understudy n. 预备演员，替角;v. 充当…的替角

ventriloquist n. 口技表演者，会口技的人

virtuoso n. 演艺精湛的人

篇5：托福听力4大常见低分原因分析

托福听力4大常见低分原因分析 看看你身上有没有这些问题

1、语音知识不扎实

扎实的语音知识是听写慢速英语的基础。准确地抓住了语音，即使是生词，也不难根据其发音从词典找到答案。反之，如果语音知识不够，即使是自己会的词也不一定能听懂，更不用说真正碰到生词了。

由于种.种原因，不少人在锻炼托福听力过程中没有得到足够的语音训练，虽然记住了数千个或上万单词和大量语法知识，可以顺利地阅读书面英语文章，但听不懂用词量只有1500余个的慢速英语广播。

2、托福词汇量不够

词写出来认得，而且也能正确地读出来，但由于对词义的理解大狭窄而听不懂。或者单个的词写出来认得，能正确地读出来，词义也明白，但不明白与其他词合在一起组成词组以后的意思是什么而听不懂。

3、缺乏背景知识

英语广播稿的撰写人大都是地道的欧美人，他们熟知西方的风俗习惯和各种文化、历史背景，在写文章时，对于一些他们认为是人人皆知的背景知识就不会再费笔墨了。此类隐含在文章里的背景知识，对于不熟悉西方社会和文化的人来说，如果文章的作者没有把必要的背景知识交待清楚的话，听到以后不一定懂。

4、不熟悉专有名词

英语广播中频繁地出现人名、地名和各种专有名词，它们往往是句子的主语和宾语，是关键词，如果听不懂，会影响对整个内容的理解。

托福听力练习：节能引擎喷射黑碳

If you've gone shopping for a car lately, you might have noticed that fuel economy—the number of miles per gallon—is slowly creeping up. One reason is a more efficient type of fuel injection, called gas direct injection. It's a feature of half the new cars sold in the U.S. last year.

”With that kind of engine design you can also introduce turbocharging—that's really what it comes down to: more engine power with a smaller engine.“ Naomi Zimmerman, an air-quality scientist at Carnegie Mellon University—who has, by the way, never owned a car. ”Probably because I did a whole PhD on engine emissions.“

Here's how the two injection methods differ. In the old standard, called ”port fuel injection,“ gas is injected into the air intake, where it mixes with air before hitting the cylinder. In direct injection though, as the name implies, the fuel is injected directly into the cylinder. It's more fuel efficient, meaning lower CO2 emissions, which will help slow climate change. But here is a paradox, it also emits more particulate matter, including black carbon, or soot—a pollutant implicated in global warming.

Zimmerman and her colleagues analyzed studies of direct injection engines to see how this pollution tradeoff works out for the climate. ”The answer is that it's really complicated and it's not certain.“ But on average, she says, boosting fuel economy five to nine percent would probably cancel out the warming effects of black soot, and score a net positive for the climate. The findings are in the journal Environmental Science and Technology.

The fuel economy goal might be different in places with big temperature swings, and where gasoline has more aromatic compounds—which seem to boost black carbon emissions. One place that fits the bill: Canada. ”There we might need to be closer to the 10 percent, 15 percent mark in terms of improving fuel economy. Which is actually a very aggressive increase in fuel economy."

She says one solution that might reduce black carbon emissions is gasoline particulate filters. Which would also screen out particulate matter dangerous to human health. Meaning a win for the planet—and the people who live on it.

如果你最近买了一辆车，你可能已经注意到燃油经济，也就是每加仑行驶的总英里数正在悄然上升。原因之一在于燃油喷射装置的效率更高，这被称为缸内直接喷射技术。去年美国出售的新车中，有一半车辆都具有这个特征。

“这种引擎设计也可以引进涡轮增压，这才是真正的原因：更小的引擎，更大的发动机功率。”娜奥米·齐默尔曼是卡内基梅隆大学的空气质量科学家，她从未买过汽车。“可能是因为我在博士研究生阶段对发动机排放进行了整体研究。”

下面说明一下这两种喷射方式的不同之处。按照旧标准，车辆使用的是进气道燃油喷射技术，将气体注入进气口，在冲击汽缸之前与空气混合。而缸内直接喷射，顾名思义，就是直接式燃料喷射，将燃料直接注入汽缸。这种方法更省油，二氧化碳排放量更少，这将有助于减缓气候变化。但是，与此相矛盾的是，这种方法会喷射出更多的颗粒物，包括黑碳或煤灰等与全球变暖有关的污染物。

齐默尔曼和同事对直接喷射式发动机进行了研究分析，以查明这种污染均衡怎样解决气候问题。“答案是，这种方法非法复杂，目前还不能确定。”不过她表示，总体来说，将燃油经济性由5%提高到9%，可能会抵消黑炭的暖化效应，这对气候是有益的。该项研究结果发表在《环境科学与技术》杂志上。

燃油经济性目标可能在那些温度波动较大、汽油中含有更多芳香化合物的地方会有所不同，这似乎促进了黑碳排放。有一个地方刚好符合要求，这个地方就是加拿大。“在这里，就改善燃油经济性而言，我们可能需要将其提高至10%，甚至是15%。这确实是燃油经济性的大幅提高。”

她表示，汽油颗粒过滤器可能是减少黑碳排放的解决方法。该过滤器还可以筛选出危害人类健康的颗粒物。这意味着，这个星球以及生活在这个星球上的人们赢得了胜利。

2020托福听力练习：美国政府拟用无人机发射疫苗保护濒危雪貂

A recent headline on the Web site theverge.com got a lot of attention on social media. Because each new phrase seemed to take the message in an unexpected direction. The headline read: U.S. government plans to use drones to fire vaccine-laced M&Ms near endangered ferrets.

Some background. Black-footed ferrets have been on the endangered species list since 1967. Only about 300 were known to be alive in the wild at the end of . They tend to live in the Great Plains and the West. Because they love to eat prairie dogs, which tend to live in the Great Plains and the West. Unfortunately, prairie dogs often harbor fleas, and fleas can carry the plague. Yup, that plague, the so-called Black Death that killed millions in Europe in the 14th century.

So ferrets suffer when fleas cause a plague outbreak in prairie dogs, either because the ferrets also catch the disease or because the prairie dogs die and the ferrets go hungry. Officials have tried vaccinating individual ferrets and they've tried treating prairie-dog burrows with flea-killer. But neither method is particularly efficient.

And so the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is preparing a study for September in the UL Bend National Wildlife Refuge in Montana. The viral headline was incorrect about the M&Ms, but otherwise, yes, aerial drones will shoot vaccine-laced pellets designed to be irresistible to prairie dogs. The drone delivery system should quickly spread the vaccine-carrying goodies over a wide area so that lots of prairie dogs gobble them up—thus making the prairie dogs available to be gobbled up, safely, by the endangered ferrets.

And so everybody wins. Except for the prairie dogs that get eaten. And the Yersinia pestis bacteria that cause plague. Well, that's it for me, I've droned on long enough.

Theverge.com网站最近的一条标题引起很多社交媒体的关注。原因是每一个新短语都好像将这条信息引往了一个意想不到的方向。标题写着：美国政府计划用无人机向濒危雪貂栖息地发射带有疫苗的M&Ms糖果。

背景介绍：黑足雪貂在1967年被列入濒危物种名单。截至底，现存的野生黑足雪貂只有300只左右。黑足雪貂喜欢生活在美国大平原和美国西部地区。这是因为它们喜欢吃的草原犬鼠生活在美国大平原和西部地区。不幸的是，草原犬鼠通常会滋生跳蚤，并且跳蚤可能带有鼠疫。没错，被称为“黑死病”的鼠疫在14世纪导致欧洲数百万人死亡。

因此，当跳蚤导致鼠疫袭击草原犬鼠时，雪貂也会受到牵连，要么是因为雪貂也会染上鼠疫，要么是因为草原犬鼠的死亡导致雪貂挨饿。官员曾尝试给雪貂接种疫苗，也曾尝试往草原犬鼠的洞穴里喷洒杀蚤剂。但这两种方法都不是特别有效。

所以，美国鱼类和野生动物局正在为一项研究做准备，该研究将于9月在蒙大拿州国家野生动物保护区启动。那条轰动标题中有关M&Ms的部分是不正确的，不过除此以外，无人机的确将发射带有疫苗的糖果，这种糖果被设计成使草原犬鼠无法抗拒的美味。无人机输送系统应在广泛区域迅速播撒带有疫苗的糖果，让大量草原犬鼠食用，进而让濒危雪貂可以安全地捕食草原犬鼠。

这样大家都是赢家。当然，除了被吃掉的草原犬鼠和引发鼠疫的鼠疫耶尔森氏杆菌。好了，就是这些了，我已经讲了很长时间了。

重点讲解：

1. either...or... (表示在两者或多者中择其一)或者，要么;

例句：Either we will find a supply, or we will make the goods.

我们或是寻求供货，或者自己制造。

2. go hungry 挨饿;吃不饱;

例句：Leonidas' family had been poor, he went hungry for years.

利奥尼达斯家曾经很穷，他有很多年都吃不饱肚子。

3. gobble up 贪婪地吃;狼吞虎咽;

例句：There were dangerous beasts in the river that might gobble you up.

河里有吃人的危险动物。

4. except for 除了;除…之外;唯有;

例句：Smith is a good man, except for his bad temper.

史密斯除了脾气不好外，是个好人。

5. drone on (人)絮絮叨叨地说，喋喋不休地说;

例句：Aunt Maimie's voice droned on.

梅米姨妈喋喋不休地说着。

篇6：从根本上解决GRE阅读低分问题

从根本上解决GRE阅读低分问题 提分只需做对这3件事

1. 增加词汇量

GRE词汇量是整个GRE考试的基础，对于阅读来说也是如此。很多人之所以做不好阅读，往往是因为一部分比较关键的生词不认识从而影响了理解文章和解题。从某种意义上来讲，词汇量的大小才是GRE阅读理解高分的基础和关键。所以如果考生词汇量没有达到基本要求，那么阅读就能难顺利提分。大家也只有掌握了词汇之后，其它各种阅读技巧才能够真正地发挥作用。怎样快速背完GRE过万词汇?

2. 加强解题练习

很多考生在GRE阅读复习过程中存在着看得多做得少的现象。其实GRE阅读想要提高解题效率和正确率，练习还是不可或缺的。各类阅读考试的相关解题技巧都需要通过实践练习才能顺利掌握和熟练。比如在选择题上用排除法，大家可能都听说过，但具体操作起来怎么排除，排除哪些选项并没有自己实践过。而事实上，只有在练习中使用过排除法，大家才会发现这种方法也有着自己缺点。如果在脑子中有着不明确答案的时候，误选的可能性会明显增大。更有效和迅速的办法是读完题干之后，就在脑子反映出一个模糊的或者是不完整的答案，然后直接在选项中寻找接近的答案进行判断。假如考生只是知道解题技巧的皮毛和基本概念，自己却没有实际使用过，就很容易出现眼高手低的问题，难以提升阅读得分。最新GRE阅读机经整理分享

3. 掌握阅读技巧

在阅读中，由于GRE的阅读量非常大，一般的中国考生根本无法把文章全部读完。而各类阅读方法也是因人而异，不一定能完全解决问题。所以学会主动找到文章的主干才是阅读的关键。所谓主动是指不能象一般的阅读那样完全被动地接受信息，而应该不断的进行思考和预测;所谓关键部位，主要是每一段的开头和结尾部分。由于GRE的阅读理解文章全部选自于正式出版物，文章的逻辑结构非常完整和严谨，而且出现的逻辑模式也是屈指可数。经过系统的训练，考生的预测可以做到非常准确的程度。这样，通过阅读文章的几处关键部位，就能很快地把握整个文章的结构和内在的逻辑关系，也就解决了问题的70%。

综上所述，GRE阅读之所以始终低分难以提升，可能的原因也许因人而异。但提升的方法却并没有针对性，只要努力其实人人都可以做好。希望上述方法能为大家带来一些参考和帮助，帮助各位考生早日摆脱GRE低分桎梏，取得理想成绩。

【GRE阅读人文篇】他们的泪换来你的笑 深度揭秘马戏团演员的辛酸赚钱路

赚钱路。

Cirque du Soleil may be struggling, but the cluster around it is thriving

太阳马戏团或许正处于苦斗之中，但围绕其四周的星团正熠熠发光。

No lions, no bearded ladies

没有狮子，没有胡子的女士

IN THE deconsecrated church of Saint-Esprit, jugglers toss fluorescent orange clubs in front of the former altar, trapeze artists soar under the gaze of stone saints and wobbly unicyclists use two lines of repurposed pews as handrails.

在蓬圣埃斯普里神圣的教堂里，杂耍艺人们在从前的祭坛前抛掷橙色荧光棒，高空表演者在石像圣人的凝视下飞来飞去，摇摆的骑独轮自行车表演者用两条赋予了新用途的教堂长凳作为扶手。

Declared surplus to requirements after Quebeckers deserted Catholicism in droves, the church is now the ecole de Cirque de Quebec, through which 20,000 aspiring entertainers pass each year.

在魁比克人成群结队地公然宣布放弃天主教后，教堂被余下来，通过每年录取0多个有抱负的艺人，成为了现在的魁比克马戏团学校。

The school's director, Yves Neveu, says only half-jokingly, Someone said the archbishop should be jealous because I'm filling my church.

学校的主任，伊夫?奈芙，半开玩笑地表示，有人说大主教应该嫉妒，因为我正填满我的教会。

Nearby Montreal boasts an even bigger school for circus performers.

而在不远的蒙特利尔，还有一间更大的杂技表演学校。

Although only a handful of students go on to a career in the circus, the popularity of the programmes offered to would-be acrobats,

尽管仅有少数学生会继续在马戏团的职业生涯，但为想要成为杂技演员的人提供了普及课程，

local children and even tourists off cruise ships is the visible manifestation of the circus craze that has gripped Quebec.

当地的孩子，甚至游轮中游客的狂热程度都明显表示马戏团的热潮已经席卷整个魁北克。

At its heart is the privately owned Cirque du Soleil, started in 1984 by a troupe of stilt-walkers from nearby Baie-Saint-Paul.

浪潮的核心正是由圣保罗湾附近的一个踩高跷戏班子1984年开创的太阳马戏团。

It is now one of Canada's most important cultural exports, employing 5,000 people at eight permanent shows in Las Vegas and at 12 others that tour the world.

现在，太阳马戏团是加拿大最重要的文化输出产业之一，员工达5000人，有八场在拉斯维加斯的固定演出和十二场世界巡演。

In its turnover was about C1 billion—it does not reveal its profits.

其营业额约1000000000加元-其利润并未透露。

In this newspaper asked whether Guy Laliberte, majority owner of the circus, could keep it flying.

杂志向马戏团创始人盖?拉利伯特问道，能否保持马戏团风光下去。

That question was raised again early last year when the company laid off 400 employees, mainly at its head office in Montreal.

去年年初，蒙特利尔公司总部裁员400人时，这个问题再次被提出。

The company has blamed the strong Canadian dollar and the after-effects of the global recession, which hit sponsorship income.

太阳剧团将此归咎于加币走强和全球经济衰退的后续效应，削弱了赞助收入。

It has launched a cost-cutting drive but insists it is not in crisis

虽然剧团开始削减成本，但坚称并未面临危机。.

However, the company that reinvented the circus by eschewing traditional acts such as lion tamers and bearded ladies, and by targeting adults rather than children, is certainly finding it tougher going these days.

然而，避开马戏团的狮子驯兽师、大胡子女士们等传统表演方式，将目标人群定位在成年人而非儿童，重新改造了的马戏团，现在的处境一定是艰难的。

It enjoyed early and rapid success because it had created an uncontested blue ocean in which to swim, according to two management strategists from INSEAD business school in France.

两位法国INSEAD商学院的战略管理专家表示，剧团能够享受到早期快速的成功，是因为其建立了一个没有竞争的蓝海。

That ocean is now full of sharks, says Gilles Ste-Croix, one of the original stilt-walkers, who is now the company's artistic guide.

现如今那片海满是鲨鱼。最初的高跷步行者之一,现公司年代艺术指导，吉尔斯圣克鲁瓦如是说。

Competition comes not just from older circuses that have updated their acts, such as Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey, but also from a trend in the arts to merge various disciplines, for instance by bringing acrobats into operas.

剧团的竞争压力不仅来源于更新表演内容的旧有马戏团,如林林兄弟巴纳姆贝利马戏团,而且也来自于在多种学科融合的一个艺术趋势，比如让杂技走进歌剧。

Smaller rivals have also emerged from the large shadow Cirque du Soleil casts in Quebec.

小型竞争竞争者也在太阳马戏团投射在魁北克巨大的阴影下崛起。

A troupe called Les 7 doigts de la main set a box-office record at the Broadway theatre where they performed a show called Pippin.

剧团七指马戏团在百老汇剧院表演彼平正传，创造了票房纪录。

Flip FabriQue, formed by a group of friends just two years ago, is now travelling the world.

由一群朋友就在两年前创立的FabriQue也开始世界巡回。

And Cirque Alfonse toured Europe, Asia and America in with a truly Canadian spectacle called Timber!, which features chainsaw-juggling lumberjacks.

阿尔冯斯马戏团带着真正的加拿大表演伐木乐园游历了欧洲、亚洲和美国，该剧充分展现电锯杂耍伐木工人的特点。

These newer outfits are both a source of competition and collaboration for Cirque du Soleil, with performers moving back and forth.

表演者来来去去，这些新的组织既是太阳马戏团的竞争者也是合作对象。

It also collaborates with notable local talents, such as Robert LePage, a director, playwright and actor whose company Ex Machina is based in Quebec City.

此外，马戏团与当地的知名人才合作，如罗伯特-勒帕热，一位公司总部位于魁北克市的导演，演员和剧作家。

This has reinforced what has become a Quebec entertainment cluster.

强化魁北克的娱乐产业。

Mr Neveu, a Cirque du Soleil alumnus, thinks that rather than serving a spell with his former employer, many of the students at his school will go straight to work in one of the many smaller troupes, which he sees as a healthy trend.

太阳马戏团的校友奈芙先生认为，学校的很多学生将直接在新的小团中工作而不是为其前雇主轮流演出，他也相信这是一个好的趋势。

Even so, Cirque du Soleil remains the sun around which all the others are orbiting.

即便如此，太阳马戏团仍是其他团体围绕旋转的太阳。

热门GRE阅读素材告诉你 心理情绪竟然还与家具有关

CLEARLY, a person’s decisions are determined by circumstances.

显然，任何人在做决策的时候都受决策时的周遭环境所影响。

Just how closely they are determined, however, has only recently become apparent.

但具体来说会造成多大的影响直到最近才有了一个较为清晰的解释。

Experiments conducted over the past few years have revealed that giving someone an icy drink at a party leads him to believe he is getting the cold shoulder from fellow guests, that handing over a warm drink gives people a sense of warmth from others,

在过去几年进行的一系列实验中，有一个实验发现在聚会中，给客人提供冷饮会让他有不受旁边人待见的感觉倾向，相反，提供温水等有温度的饮料会让他们感觉到周围人的温暖。

and—most astonishingly—that putting potential voters in chairs which lean slightly to the left causes them to become more agreeable towards policies associated with the left of the political spectrum.

最让人惊奇的是，在另外一个关于潜在选民的实验中，让一个没有立场的潜在选民，坐在椅子上并微微向左边靠，他会更加认同与左派相似的政治立场。

这篇阅读材料还有MP3音频哦!下载>>传送门

The latest of these studies also looks at the effect of furniture.

这一系列实验最近将他们的目标转向了家具，研究家具对人的影响。

It suggests that something as trivial as the stability of chairs and tables has an effect on perceptions and desires.

他们假设许多不被人注意到的细节例如桌椅的稳定性会影响到人们对于其他事物的看法和愿望。

The study was conducted by David Kille, Amanda Forest and Joanne Wood at the University of Waterloo, in Canada, and will be published soon in Psychological Science.

这份研究是由David Kille，Amanda Forest以及滑铁卢大学的Joanne Wood一同完成的，即将在《心理科学》杂志上发表。

Mr Kille and his collaborators asked half of their volunteers to sit in a slightly wobbly chair next to a slightly wobbly table while engaged in the task assigned.

在实验中，他们选取了47个处于单身的大学本科生，将他们分为两组，一半学生在实验中坐在一张会摇晃的桌子旁一张会摇的椅子上，

The others were asked to sit in chairs next to tables that looked physically identical, but were not wobbly.

另外一半则是坐在外表相似却非常稳的椅子上。

Once in their chairs, participants were asked to judge the stability of the relationships of four celebrity couples:

研究人员给两组学生展示四组夫妇的照片：

Barack and Michelle Obama, David and Victoria Beckham, Jay-Z and Beyoncé, and Johnny Depp and Vanessa Paradis.

奥巴马和米歇尔，维多利亚和贝克汉姆，Jay-Z和碧昂斯，强尼戴普和vanessa paradis，

They did this by rating how likely they thought it was, on a scale of one to seven, that a couple would break up in the next five years.

然后让学生们给四对夫妇的情感稳定性打分—从一分到七分，他们未来五年离婚/分手的几率，

A score of one meant extremely unlikely to dissolve.

一分代表几乎不可能分开，

A score of seven meant extremely likely to dissolve.

七分代表十分可能分手。

After they had done this, they were asked to rate their preferences for various traits in a potential romantic partner.

接下来，调查者让两组学生分别对一系列理想配偶的特征进行打分—量表上给出一系列特征，

Traits on offer included some which a pilot study indicated people associate with a sense of psychological stability, some that are associated with psychological instability and some with no real relevance to instability or stability.

依旧是一分到七分，一分代表一点也不喜欢这样子的七分代表大爱。量表上设置的特征，有些与追求稳定相关联，有些与追求不稳定相关联，有一些是随机挑选的特质，三类特征交错放置。

Participants rated the various traits on another one-to-seven scale, with one indicating not at all desirable and seven meaning extremely desirable.

其中关于追求稳定的一些特质包括是否值得信赖，是否可靠。而追求不稳定的特质包括是否自发性强，或是具有探险精神。

The results reveal that just as cold drinks lead to perceptions of social conditions being cold, tinkering with feelings of physical stability leads to perceptions of social instability.

调查结果就像之前那个聚会不要请人喝冷饮的调查一样，在身体感受到不稳定状态的时候会使得心理上更加倾向于感受到社交中的不稳定因子。

Participants who sat in wobbly chairs at wobbly tables gave the celebrity couples an average stability score of 3.2 while those whose furniture did not wobble gave them 2.5.

摇椅上的人给那四对夫妇打得分数是3.2，比另外一组高出0.7，越高分数代表越可能分开。

What was particularly intriguing, though, was that those sitting at wonky furniture not only saw instability in the relationships of others but also said that they valued stability in their own relationships more highly.

最有趣的还不是这里，最有趣的是这些坐在摇晃家具上的人不仅更倾向于看见他人关系中不稳定的因素，也倾向于更加重视追求自己与他人关系中的稳定因子。

They gave stability-promoting traits in potential romantic partners an average desirability score of 5.0, whereas those whose tables and chairs were stable gave these same traits a score of 4.5.

他们在后一个实验中对理想配偶的稳定特质重视程度的打分平均是5.0，比另外一组高出0.5，

The difference is not huge, but it is statistically significant.

虽然数字上的差异不是很大，但是就数据分析来说，已经很能说明问题了。

Even a small amount of environmental wobbliness seems to promote a desire for an emotional rock to cling to.

即使只是环境中存在一点点的不稳定因素似乎都会让人们产生赶快抓住一根感情稻草的冲动。

GRE考试阅读真题及答案

In the early twentieth century, small magazines and the innovative graphics used on them created the face of the avant-guard. It was a look that signaled progressive ideas and unconventionality because it dispensed with the cardinal rule of graphic design: to take an idea and make it visually clear, concise, and instantly understood. Instead, graphics produced by avant-guard artists exclusively for the avant-guard (as opposed to their advertising work) were usually difficult to decipher, ambiguous, or nonsensical. This overturning of convention, this assailing of standard graphic and typographic formats, was part of a search for intellectual freedom. The impulse toward liberation enabled avant-guardists to see with fresh eyes untried possibilities for arranging and relating words and images on paper.

1. According to the passage, the primary purpose of conventional graphic design is to

A. render unpopular ideas palatable to a wider audience

B. capture readers’ attention with bold fonts

C. communicate nonsensical notions to a wide public

D. communicate ideas as efficiently and unambiguously as possible

E. introduce previously unknown ideas to the general public

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

2. According to the passage, avant-guard artists of the early twentieth-century created ambiguous or nonsensical graphics as part of an attempt to

A. expand the potential for expression through visual art

B. compete with advertisements for reader’s attention

C. encourage the expansion of small magazines

答案：

D A

篇7：GRE背单词常见低效率问题

GRE背单词常见低效率问题解读

GRE背单词错误认识：词汇量不够也能取得理想成绩

如同上面所讲，词汇是考试的基础，而已英语作为载体的GRE考试，在整个考试的各类题型中都需要大量运用英语词汇，数学有专业词汇，写作需要用到写作词汇，语文部分更是着重于对各类词汇的理解和运用。没有足够的词汇量，考生别说做题，甚至可能连读懂理解题目都会出现很大的困难。因此，词汇量充足与否，往往会和GRE成绩直接挂钩。

GRE背单词错误认识：背的单词越难越好

GRE阅读考试文章中确实有许多难度较大的单词，但是作为考试，出题者一般太刁钻，大多数情况下，回答问题所涉及到的都是一些常见的、考生应该知道的名词、形容词、动词和副词等，过于专业和过于高深的词汇一般是不会出现或不会成为解题的障碍的。这一原则正是为了体现GRE标准化考试的公平公正性，不会因为考生的专业背景不同在考试中出现影响。因此，过度追求偏专业的冷门生僻难词，其实并没有必要。

考GRE背单词的正确方法

对于如何背单词，考生首先应该遵循的原则是：适合自己的才是最好的。如果一本词汇书中平均10个单词只有1-2个不认识，那么这本词汇书对你来说就过于简单。反之如果只有1-2个认识，那说明这些词汇对你来说太难了。一般来说，如果一本词汇书中考生不认识的词汇比例在40%-60%之间，那么这本词汇书就比较适合你现在的水平了。

其次，背单词需要耐心和坚持。如果你没有时间或没有耐心坚持背单词，那么任何词汇书都是毫无意义的。而如果你能做到坚持背单词的话，即使选择的词汇书难度偏低，也会在不知不觉中提升词汇量。背单词的过程无疑是枯燥乏味的，因此也更需要考生持之以恒的精神。

词汇是英语考试的基础，对于任何考试都是如此。背单词的过程是对于考生意志品质和心性的一次考验和磨练。如果能坚持完成背单词的工作，对于考生来说无疑会大有收获。希望大家都能做好GRE词汇的充分准备，为考试打好基础。

俞敏洪GRE词汇

pack n狼群;一群动物

packed a充满人的，拥挤的

pact n协定，条约

padding n衬垫，填料

paean n赞美歌，颂歌

pagan n没有宗教信仰的人;异教徒

pageant n壮观的游行;露天历史剧

painkiller n止痛药

painstaking a煞费苦心的

palate n上腭;口味;爱好

palatial a宫殿般的;宏伟的

paleolithic a旧石器时代的

paleontology n古生物学

palette n调色板，颜料配置

pall v令人发腻，失去吸引力

palliate v减轻(痛苦);掩饰(罪行)

palliative n缓释剂a减轻的，缓和的

pallid a苍白的，没血色的

palmy a繁荣的;棕榈的

palpable a可触知的，明显的

palpitate v(心脏)急速而不规则地跳动

palter v含糊其词

paltry a无价值的，微不足道的

pamphlet n小册子

pan v严厉批评

panacea n万灵药

panache n羽饰;炫耀

pancreas n胰腺

pandemic a(病)大范围流行的

pandemonium n喧嚣，大混乱

pander v怂恿，迎合(不良欲望)

panegyric n颂词，颂扬

panel n专门小组;仪表板

pang n一阵剧痛

panic a恐慌的;n恐慌，惊惶

panorama n概观，全景

panther n黑豹

pantomime n哑剧

pantry n食品室

俞敏洪GRE词汇

pastiche n混合拼凑的作品

pastoral a田园生活的;宁静的

pastry n糕点，点心

patch n补丁;一小片(土地)

patent a显而易见的;n专利权

pathogen n病原体

pathological a病态的;病理的

pathology n病理学

patina n绿锈;光亮的外表

patrician n贵族

patrimony n祖传的财产

patriot n爱国者，爱国主义者

patriotism n爱国主义，爱国心

patronage n赞助，惠顾

patronize v以高人一等的态度对待;光顾，惠顾

paucity n小量，缺乏

paunchy a大肚子的

pauper n贫民，乞丐

peak v憔悴，消瘦

pecan n山核桃

peccadillo n小过失

peck v啄食;轻啄

pedagogue n教师，教育者

pedagogy n教育学，教学法

pedal n踏板，脚蹬;v骑脚踏车

pedant n迂腐之人，书呆子

pedestal n(柱石或雕像的)基座

pedestrian a徒步的;缺乏想像的;n行人

pediatrics n小儿科

peel v削去…的皮;剥落;n外皮

peer n同等之人，同辈

peerless a无可匹敌的

peeve v使气恼，怨恨 34

peevish a坏脾气的，易怒的

pejorative a带有轻蔑意义的，贬低的

pelf n钱财;不义之财

pell-mell adv混乱地

pellucid a清晰的，清澈的

pen n围栏;监禁;母天鹅

GRE词汇

篇8：GRE写作常见易错扣分问题

记住你的举例一定要死死扣住你的GRE作文观点，不要是和观点打擦边球的。

例子一定要从论点出发，再回到论点。不要将你的论点发散，后果很可能就是越写越跑题。所以每次写好一篇文章，都看看，论据里的 key words 是不是和论点里的 key words 一样，论点里的 key words 又是不是和题目里的key words一样。你的 key words 可以比大题里的 key words 更加narrow，但是千万不要更加广泛。

GRE写作高分范文：批判性思维

GRE写作范文：

Too much time, money, and energy are spent developing new and more elaborate technology. Society should instead focus on maximizing the use of existing technology for the immediate benefit of its citizens.

I must say that I reject this statement. While it is true that we need to support society as much as possible with current technology, that does not in any way mean that we should stop progressing simply because our current technology cannot handle all the problems we have brought to it. Does that mean that we should simply accept the status quo and make do? No, I don’t think so. To do so would be tantamount to adopting a fatalistic approach; I think most people would reject that.

Technology has helped, and it has hurt. Without it, we would never have our standard of living, nor quality of nutrition, expectation of a long and productive life span, and the unshakable belief that our lives can be made even better. But it has also brought us universal pollution, weapons so powerful as to be capable of rendering us extinct, and the consequent fear for our survival as species and as a planet. Technology is indeed a double-edged sword. And yet, I still have to argue in its favor, because without it, we have no hope.

Some might argue that we would be better off without technology. They might say that a return to a less technologically driven approach to life would have the benefits of reducing stress and allowing us to live simpler, happier lives, like those of our forebears. Such an idea is seductive, so much so that much of art and all of nostalgia are devoted to it. But upon closer inspection, one realizes that such a move would only return us to a life of different kinds of stress, one of false simplicity, one fraught with danger. It would be a life

without antibiotics where a minor cut could prove deadly. It would be a life where childbirth is the main killer of women, and where an emergency is dealt with in terms of hours and days instead of minutes and hours; a life where there are no phones or cars or planes or central heating, no proven drug therapies to treat mental illness, no computers. Would this world really make people happy?

What we already have, we have. And since the only way to move is forward, instead of allowing ourselves to be paralyzed by fear and worry, we need to learn how to clean up the pollution we have caused, and how to deal with a world that feeds on weapons and mass destruction. Doing these things means having to move away from technology into a more difficult realm, that of diplomacy and compromise: to move from the bully stance of “I am bigger and better and I have more toys and so I win” to a place where everyone wins.

Technology is the thing that will allow people to do that. But, advanced as it is, it is still in its infancy. We have to allow it to grow up and mature in order to reap the real rewards that it can bring. And there are even greater rewards ahead of us than what the world has already experienced. When technology is pushed to the outer edge, that is where serendipitous discoveries can occur. This has been seen throughout technological advancement, but the easiest example is probably the space program which made us think, really hard, about how to do things in a different environment. It gave us telecommunications, new fabrics and international cooperation. Paramedical devices, so that people can be treated even as they are being transported to the hosptal, are a direct development of that technology. None of this would have happened in the time frame that it did if we had not pushed for technological advancement. If we had decided to

第二段：

(概述科技的两面性)Technology has helped, and it has hurt. (具体讨论科技的贡献)Without it, we would never have our standard of living, nor quality of nutrition, expectation of a long and productive life span, and the unshakable belief that our lives can be made even better. (具体讨论科技的危害)But it has also brought us universal pollution, weapons so powerful as to be capable of rendering us extinct, and the consequent fear for our survival as species and as a planet. Technology is indeed a double-edged sword. (表明已考虑到科技的危害，但是依然坚持自己立场)And yet, I still have to argue in its favor, because without it, we have no hope.

第三段：

(提出反方的立场)Some might argue that we would be better off without technology. They might say that a return to a less technologically driven approach to life would have the benefits of reducing stress and allowing us to live simpler, happier lives, like those of our forebears. Such an idea is seductive, so much so that much of art and all of nostalgia are devoted to it. (通过具体论据反驳反方的观点)But upon closer inspection, one realizes that such a move would only return us to a life of different kinds of stress, one of false simplicity, one fraught with danger. It would be a life without antibiotics where a minor cut could prove deadly. It would be a life where childbirth is the main killer of women, and where an emergency is dealt with in terms of hours and days instead of minutes and hours; a life where there are no phones or cars or planes or central heating, no proven drug therapies to treat mental illness, no computers. Would this world really make people happy?

第四段：

(在第三段驳论的基础上进一步立论)What we already have, we have. And since the only way to move is forward, instead of allowing ourselves to be paralyzed by fear and worry, we need to learn how to clean up the pollution we have caused, and how to deal with a world that feeds on weapons and mass destruction. Doing these things means having to move away from technology into a more difficult realm, that of diplomacy and compromise: to move from the bully stance of “I am bigger and better and I have more toys and so I win” to a place where everyone wins.

第五段：

Technology is the thing that will allow people to do that. (指出支持观点存在的一点不足)But, advanced as it is, it is still in its infancy. (解决方案)We have to allow it to grow up and mature in order to reap the real rewards that it can bring. And there are even greater rewards ahead of us than what the world has already experienced. When technology is pushed to the outer edge, that is where serendipitous discoveries can occur. This has been seen throughout technological advancement, but the easiest example is probably the space program which made us think, really hard, about how to do things in a different environment. It gave us telecommunications, new fabrics and international cooperation. Paramedical devices, so that people can be treated even as they are being transported to the hospital, are a direct development of that technology. None of this would have happened in the time frame that it did if we had not pushed for technological advancement. If we had decided to “focus on maximizing the use of existing technology” instead of foolishly reaching for the stars, we would not have made those discoveries which now are the bedrock of the 21st century.

gre满分作文重点：Critical Thinking.当然，提高critical thinking能力的同时，也很有必要包装语言。

GRE写作：短期内怎样提高

Argument句型

开头

In this analysis, the arguer claims that …should …To substantiate the conclusion, the arguer cites the example of …where …In addition, the arguer assumes that …This argument is unconvincing for several critical flaws.

正文：

For instance …since …what’s more …etc.

and how well it represented the public opinions..

The sample of the survey is not representative.

(样本太小)

the sample is too small to...

(光数字没比例)

the ratio of four to six

there is only figures but no proportion of the survey 还是ratio?

Insufficient Sample

If the [respondents] only stand for a tiny proportion of the whole [group], we should not be so sure about the conclusion that [the whole group…]

The arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization.

It was only carried out in Sun City, but the arguer applies its result to all the company’s markets while doesn’t show us whether Sun City is a representative market of the whole markets.

有的病人会对抗生素过敏

the arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization. Even if the maintenance of the airline has been improved as a result of sending its mechanics to the Seminar, which is, of course, an unwarranted assumption, it does not follow that就算怎样，也不怎样

The survey is based on two isolated examples. The arguer should survey more hospitals of both types.

循环假设

The arguer commits a fallacy of begging the question in assuming that …

结尾：

other possible causes of the …

To conclude, this argument is not persuasive as it stands.

GRE

篇9：GRE背单词2个常见低效率问题解读

GRE背单词2个常见低效率问题解读 切忌盲目追求词汇难度

GRE背单词错误认识：词汇量不够也能取得理想成绩

如同上面所讲，词汇是考试的基础，而已英语作为载体的GRE考试，在整个考试的各类题型中都需要大量运用英语词汇，数学有专业词汇，写作需要用到写作词汇，语文部分更是着重于对各类词汇的理解和运用。没有足够的词汇量，考生别说做题，甚至可能连读懂理解题目都会出现很大的困难。因此，词汇量充足与否，往往会和GRE成绩直接挂钩。

GRE背单词错误认识：背的单词越难越好

GRE阅读考试文章中确实有许多难度较大的单词，但是作为考试，出题者一般太刁钻，大多数情况下，回答问题所涉及到的都是一些常见的、考生应该知道的名词、形容词、动词和副词等，过于专业和过于高深的词汇一般是不会出现或不会成为解题的障碍的。这一原则正是为了体现GRE标准化考试的公平公正性，不会因为考生的专业背景不同在考试中出现影响。因此，过度追求偏专业的冷门生僻难词，其实并没有必要。

考GRE背单词的正确方法

对于如何背单词，考生首先应该遵循的原则是：适合自己的才是最好的。如果一本词汇书中平均10个单词只有1-2个不认识，那么这本词汇书对你来说就过于简单。反之如果只有1-2个认识，那说明这些词汇对你来说太难了。一般来说，如果一本词汇书中考生不认识的词汇比例在40%-60%之间，那么这本词汇书就比较适合你现在的水平了。

其次，背单词需要耐心和坚持。如果你没有时间或没有耐心坚持背单词，那么任何词汇书都是毫无意义的。而如果你能做到坚持背单词的话，即使选择的词汇书难度偏低，也会在不知不觉中提升词汇量。背单词的过程无疑是枯燥乏味的，因此也更需要考生持之以恒的精神。

GRE分类词汇记忆：地质

11.3 地质

aquifer n. 含水土层

crust n. 地壳;硬的表面;(一片)面包片

fault n. (地质学)断层;错误

stratum n. 地层;社会阶层 (复数：strata)

GRE分类词汇记忆：地区

11.2 地区

civil adj. 国内的;公民的;文明的

endemic adj. 地方性的;n. 地方病

indigenous adj. 本地的，土产的

parochial adj. 地方性的，狭小的;教区的

exotic adj. 来自异国的;珍奇的

extraneous adj. 外来的;无关的

extrinsic adj. 外来的，外在的，外部的

peripheral adj. 外围的，不重要的

periphery n. 外围;不重要的部分

Antarctic adj. 南极的

arctic adj. 北极的;极寒的

doldrums n. 赤道无风带;情绪低落

ecumenical adj. 世界范围的

equator n. 赤道

occidental n./adj. 西方(的)

polar adj. 地极的，两极的;磁极的 (pole n. 极)

polarity n. 极端性，两极分化

polarize v. 使…两极分化

terrestrial adj. 地球的;陆地的

apogee n. 远地点(太阳等距离地球最远的点)

perigee n.近地点

backwater n. 闭塞地区;死水

bower n. 树阴下凉快之处，凉亭

diocesan adj. 主教管区的

district n. 地区，行政区，(美国各州的)众议院选区

domain n. 领土;领域

electorate n. 选区，选民;有选举权者

foothold n. 根据地，立足点

haunt n. 常去的地方;v. 常到;鬼魂出没(神出鬼没，闹鬼);(事情)萦绕心头

hinterland n. 内地;穷乡僻壤

leeway n. (可供活动的)余地

locale n. 事件发生的现场、地点 (locality n. 地点，地区)

locus n. 地点，所在地

margin n. 余地;页边空白，边缘;差额;利润

parochial adj. 教区的;地方性的，狭小的

purgatory n. 受苦受难的地方;炼狱

realm n. 王国;领域，范围

rendezvous n. 约会地点;约会

resort n. 度假胜地

metropolis n. 大城市

metropolitan adj. 大都市的，首都的

municipality n. 市;市政当局(指城市行政区及管理者) (municipal adj. 市政的)

bucolic adj. 乡村的;牧羊的

environs n. 郊外，郊区

hinterland n. 穷乡僻壤;内地

outskirts n. 郊区，郊外

pastoral adj. 田园生活的;宁静的

penumbra n. 边缘部分;半明半暗之处

purlieu n. [常作复数]邻近地区

rural adj. 乡村的 (ruralize v. 使农村化 rurality n. 农村景色)

rustic adj. 乡村的，乡土气的 (rusticity n. 乡村风味;笨拙)

aboriginal n. 土著，原始居民

boor n. 乡下人;举止粗野的人

corny adj. 乡巴佬的;平淡无奇的

yeoman n. 乡下人;自耕农

yokel n. 乡巴佬

bucolic adj. 牧羊的;乡村的

herdsman n. 牧人

nomad n. 游牧部落的人;流浪者

nomadic adj. 游牧的

pastor n. 牧人;牧师 (pasture n. 牧草，牧场)

wrangler n. 牧马者;口角者，争论者

GRE分类词汇记忆：土地

1.1 土地

agrarian adj. 土地的

fallow n. 休耕地;adj. (土地)休耕的

furrow n. 犁沟;皱纹

glade n. 林中的空地

loam n. 沃土

patch n. 一小片(土地);补丁

terrace n. 一层梯田;阳台

tract n. 大片土地;传单 (tractor n. 拖拉机)

arable adj. 可耕的，适合种植的

fatten v. 使土地肥沃;使长肥;装满

fecund adj. 肥沃的;多产的

fecundity n. 多产，富饶;繁殖力，生殖力

fertile adj. 肥沃的;多产的

fertilize v. 受精，受粉;施肥

fertilizer n. 肥料，化肥

luxuriant adj. 肥沃的;繁茂的

prolific adj. 多产的，多结果的

voluminous adj. 多产的;长篇的

abortive adj. 无结果的，失败的 (abortion n. 流产;失败)

acarpous adj. 不结果实的

barren adj. 贫瘠的;不育的;不结果实的

derelict adj. 荒废的;玩忽职守的;n. 被遗弃的人

deserted adj. 荒芜的，无人的

desolate adj. 荒凉的，被遗弃的 (desolation n. 遗弃;荒凉，凄凉)

dilapidation n. 荒废，破旧

fallow adj. (土地)休耕的;n. 休耕地

sterile adj. 贫瘠且无植被的;不孕的;无细菌的

篇10：小升初作文低分六大问题指导

一、书写不规范

由于在考场上方方面面的影响，卷面上出现了硬伤。具体体现在：字体不工整，标点不正确，修正不得法。

字体要求工整，清清楚楚的一目了然，而我们不少考生从小学升入中学以后，伴随着学习科目的增加，笔记的增多，书写速度的加快，由楷书逐渐到行书。由于中间没有正确过渡，不少学生书写步入误区。在求数量不求质量的笔记中，文字出现自由体，不是斜，就是连扯不断。一旦形成再进行改正，难度就较大了。而到考场作文时，一笔一画再正楷书写，速度既慢又不实用，直接影响到作文的速度。

所谓“标点不正确”就是分不清标点所点的位置。有六个省略号，挤在一个格，省略号后面又出现一个叹号，更有甚者，一点到底，根本分不清逗号和点号。

至于“修改不得法主要体现在错了之后，用涂改液，用胶纸，或乱勾乱抹，因卷面不清而丢分。

二、文体不明确

分不清什么文体，从题目上看，象议论文而实际上却写成了记叙文，我们称为议论文的脑袋，记叙文的身子。其主要原因是没有写过议论文，愣去议论，结果没有论据就只好用记叙文代替了。

更多的是题目分不清文体，例如以”骄傲“为话题，写一篇作文，《亲近骄傲》《骄傲与歉虚》《骄傲的重要》《骄傲之歌》这些题目看起来挺好写，但实际写起来，难度就大了。例如《骄傲的重要》是写议论文文还是写记叙文不好确定。

三、材料失真无缺积累

选什么样的材料入文，是考场作文获取高分的关键。由于考生脱离生活实际，悟不出考文特点，在选材方面进入的盲区有两个：

一是写什么不象什么!

有不少考生认为写大事感人，于是编些离奇的故事，其结果是看到作文就等于让人辨别出的100元假钞数额虽大但没有价值。

二是没什么写什么!没有生活体验去编造有关的生活，使材料失真。

一篇文章能否感人，材料是比较关键的。在规定时间内，能否选准新颖而恰当的素材是考试作文成功与否的关键。对考生而言，由于生活面较窄，所感受到的一切，多以”学习“为中心，很难从生活的深层挖掘真实而感人的材料。尤其在考前冲刺阶段，时间非常紧张，同学们更不易接触其他生。因此，在考场上作文，常常会因材料失真而丢分，甚至个别考生因没材料可写，而使整篇文章不足600字。

四、审题不准

审不准引言和要求。面对材料抓不住中心，而脱离话题。请听一个失败的案例。

阅读下面材料，按要求作文。

一位德高望重的长老，在寺院的高墙边发现了一把座椅，他知道有人借此越到寺外。长老搬走了椅子，在这儿等候。午夜，外出的小和尚爬上墙，在跳到”椅子“上时，发现”椅子“软软的，落地后才知道椅子已经变成了长老。小和尚仓惶离去，在这以后的一段日子里，他诚惶诚恐地等候着长老的发落。但长老压根儿就没提及这件事。小和尚从此开始反省，他收住了心，再也没有翻过墙，经过刻苦地修炼，终于成为寺院里的高僧。

阅读完文章，请根据上述故事进行写作。有一考生命题为：《成功贵在恒心》。显然游离了话题。

五、结构不明思路不清

常言说：“车行有道路，文行有思路”。文章没思路等于车离轨而行，虽然可以前行，但随时有翻车的危险。

考场高分作文，主要是文思有新意而成为“佳作”。尤其值得一提的是，话题作文盛行之时，给了同学们更大的更宽的思维空间，文思将起一定的作用。

我们从小学三年级起，就开始了作文，大作文的确没少作，有时写得好有时写得差，分数不稳定，关键还是没把握住文章思路。想些什么就写些什么跟着感觉走而失败。

六、语言乏味多叙述

由于受传统日记的影响，容易拉家常。语言枯燥乏味，令人生厌。这在试卷中尤其是开卷部分，往往这样拉家常的叙述，给老师一个坏印象，最容易丢分。

对考生而言，由于生活面较窄，所感受到的一切，多以“学习”为中心，很难从生活的深层挖掘真实而感人的材料。因此，在考场上作文，常常会因材料失真而丢分，甚至个别考生因没材料可写，而使整篇文章不足600字。

篇11：gre作文4分算是低分吗?怎么样才能到4分

众所周知，gre作文的满分是6分，那么gre作文4分算是低分吗?其实不然，这是跟你申请的学校有很大的关系，最重要的就是在申请文科专业的时候作文4分及以上就会有很大的优势，一起来看看4分经验吧!

gre作文4分算是低分吗?怎么样才能到4分?

考生在面对两篇GRE作文时，应该如何确保高分呢?

1. 两篇都不能放弃

首先，大家需要明确的是，两篇作文无论哪篇都不能放弃，因为最后成绩是取两者平均值的，因此如果一篇作文分数很低，另一篇作文写得再好也会受拖累。

2. 针对中国考生特点

针对中国考生普遍ISSUE弱ARGU强的特点，比较合理的得分策略是保ISSUE合格和争ARGUMENT高分。ISSUE难度高，确保一个3.5分到4分的成绩比较稳妥，而ARGUMENT大家更容易写出出彩的好文章，可以努力尝试挑战4.5甚至5分成绩。这样大家的作文平均分就能保持在4分以上，这就可以算是相当不错的成绩了。

怎样告别新GRE数学粗心这一大难题?

说到GRE数学粗心问题，主要表现有：其一，做题时抄错数字，漏看条件，或者忘记换算单位;还经常集中在“答非所问”上，也就是说没有完全理解问题就匆忙动笔等。

对于粗心问题的解决办法有两个，首先就是不断的自我提醒。错题一定要总结成错题集并标明详细的错误原因，如果你发现自己的错误原因里面出现了大量的 “粗心 – 抄错数字”，“粗心 – 漏看条件”，或者“粗心 – 忘记单位换算”，那么你以后每次做题或者模考前都要提醒自己注意这些细节，正式考试前也不要忘记提醒自己。长此以往，自己会越来越注意这些细节，从而逐渐改正做题粗心的问题。

对于出现“答非所问”的同学，请务必坚持把问题，也就是带问号的最后一句话给读两遍。第一遍认真读，第二遍double check，确保自己正确理解问题再动笔。对于一些症状更加严重的同学，不妨将问题也简单记在草稿纸上，解题时随时都能看得到问题，思路就不会跑偏。可能有些同学会担心读两遍问题，包括读题时记笔记这些方法会耽误自己的做题时间。对于这一点大家要明白“磨刀不误砍柴工”这个道理，首先double check和记笔记的时间会随着不断的坚持训练而逐步缩短，最后甚至可以忽略不计。其次，读两遍问题所消耗的时间仅仅是其可能帮你节省的时间的几十分之一，因为如果读错问题，浪费的时间很可能不止1分钟，与其这样还不如花多几秒钟double check;同样的道理，记笔记所消耗的时间也远远小于回读和反复读所浪费的时间。

解决这些GRE数学头疼问题，这要是依靠自己的习惯养成，达到一个良好的做题规范和做题顺序，就可以最有可能的避免问题的发生。认真惊醒GRE数学复习，还有就是要检查，如果很快做完GRE数学，就要用剩下的时间检查哦，避免出现GRE数学细节错误。

必看!新GRE数学的考试时间是多少

GRE数学部分时间多久?70分钟。

Same as applies to verbal section, save for the fact that each section is 35 minutes. Of course, you’ll be happy here to have those precious extra 5 minutes. Here’s some tips on saving time with GRE math.

跟语文部分类似，每个部分都是35分钟。当然，你将会发现这多出来的五分钟是多么珍贵。

在GRE作文中引用名人名言的必要性

GRE写作中正确引用名人名言。新GRE写作要求考生在30分钟+30分钟内分别完成两篇文章，难度不小。要想快速提高作文含金量，背一些引用名人名言可以为自己的作文加分。改革后新gre写作题目更加具体，考察考生完胜题目的过程中是否能够融合批判性思维和分析写作能力，恰当的引用，给文章润色，会对新gre写作的成绩提高有很大帮助。下面学习一下如何恰当的引用名人名言：

GRE作文引用名人名言的必要性

当前考GRE考生在处理Analytical Writing时，大多数为如何在GRE作文中拿高分所苦恼，平时是不是应该多记些有关的名人名言?给自己的文章润色，从而使自己的文章从所有的文章中脱颖而出，让考官一看到你的文章就觉得与众不同。关于这个问题答案是肯定的。在ETS的官方评论标准中，有一条评分标准是SCORE 6 Develops a position on the issue∕argument with insightful reasons and /or persuasive examples, 根据这个我们就很有必要引用名人名言，增加文章的说服力。

如何在GRE作文中引用名人名言—避免陈词滥调

然而在实际的运用过程中，很多考生运用的名人名言，都不是真正意义上的名人名言，或者说是名人名言，但是由于过多的人引用，结果却成了陈词滥调，也就是跟俗语一样的常用，不能发挥增加文章说服力的作用，如果你只能想到这些非常常用的名人名言时，建议你最好就不要写了，因为很多人都用这几个句子的话，那么你的文章就可能会落入俗套，甚至有可能影响考官客观的评价你的文章思路，例如 every coin has two sides，there is a will, there is a way, Rome is not built in a day.等都是写可写可不写的废话。而且就这个问题，已经有很多的专家学者对考生提出了忠告。

gre作文4分算是低分吗?怎么样才能到4分

篇12：GRE写作常见易错扣分问题盘点分析

很多同学都很喜欢写中立观点“A不错，但不够好”，这虽然看起来很客观，但实际上这种GRE作文对逻辑的要求非常高，要怎样去组织语言，组织相应的论据论点，非常考验人。

有同学想说A事件要瑕疵互见，但是写着写着就乱七八糟，东一块西一块，不知道在讲点什么了。更有厉害的索性冗长的来词，讲了个空话。所以建议刚上手的同学，还是选择一边倒，站定脚跟不放松。即便是真的要写中立观点，实际上也都在A和B之间有所偏好。

篇13：GRE写作常见易错扣分问题盘点分析

记住你的举例一定要死死扣住你的GRE作文观点，不要是和观点打擦边球的。

例子一定要从论点出发，再回到论点。不要将你的论点发散，后果很可能就是越写越跑题。所以每次写好一篇文章，都看看，论据里的 key words 是不是和论点里的 key words 一样，论点里的 key words 又是不是和题目里的key words一样。你的 key words 可以比大题里的 key words 更加narrow，但是千万不要更加广泛。

GRE写作必背黄金句式

1、使用否定的时候，比如：什么什么对个人不好，对社会也不好。为什么不来个倒装?Never/neither/nor/seldom/rarely/on no account + is…

2、当你想表达“如果怎么怎么样，就是另外一种情况”—虚拟语气。为什么不来个虚拟倒装?Were(Had) it…，something would....

3、强调句的使用：It is people who…/ it is something that…

4、让步句式的使用：“无论什么样的情况下”However[No matter how] whatever[no matter what]等等…

还有一种Cogent as this response is, it has some minor errors. Somewhat reasonable as the issue presents, it does not experience a case-by- case examination

还有比较常用的although... It should be admittedly that…，however it does not follow that/

5、疑问句。用于开头，来个设问句，在自问自答，提出自己观点;用于段中，比如举设想的例子：Can you imagine that…?/ How can one imagine…?

6、定语从句(这个大家一般用的比较熟练，但是注意不要太罗嗦…society where(in which)…，/ something on which we depend (on which…based)

7、The more…the more…句式的使用。人们越幸福，社会越稳定啦、等等。

8、Not only…but also的使用。很好用的，ETS经典的6分范文：专才VS通才不就用了两个嘛?

9、without的使用。从反面说，很是能够增加字数。还是那篇范文的结尾，就来了两个非常妙的without

10、还有一些比较常用的：There is no denying that…/ there is no doubt that…

11、还有imong的一个句子：So powerful the scandal is that Watergate became the talk of the world…如此……以至于……

GRE写作常用谚语素材汇总

1. Waste not,want not.

俭以防匮。

2. From saving comes having.

富有来自节俭。

3. A penny saved is a penny gained.

省一文是一文。

4. Take care of the pence and the pound will take care of themselves.

金钱积少便成多。

5. Frugality is an estate alone.

节俭本身就是一宗财产。

6. He that regards not a penny,will lavish a pound.

小钱不知节省，大钱将滥花。

7. Small gains bring great wealth.

积小利，成巨富。

8. Many a little makes a mickle.

积少便成多。

9. As the touchstone tries gold,so gold tries man.

试金之石可试金，正如黄金能试人。

10.Courage and resolution are the spirit and soul of virtue.

勇敢和坚决是美德的灵魂。

11.The path to glory is always rugged.

光荣之路常坎坷。

12.Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.

世上无难事，只要人肯试。

13.The fire is the test of gold;adversity of strong man.

烈火试真金，困苦炼壮士。

14.Great hopes make great man.

远大的希望造就伟大的人物。

15.No way is impossible to courage.

勇士面前无险路。

16.A smooth sea never made a skillful mariner.

平静的大海决不能造就出熟练的水手。

17.The good seaman is known in bad weather.

坏天气下才能识得出良好的海员;要识好海员，须凭坏天气。

18.The best hearts are always the bravest.

行为最勇敢的人心地总是最善良。

19.We must not lie down,and cry,God help us.

求神不如求己。

20.He that falls today may be up again tomorrow.

今天跌倒的人也许明天就会站起。

21.Rome was not built in a day.

罗马并非一日可建成;坚持必成。

22.Success belongs to the persevering.

胜利属于坚忍不拔的人。

23.We must repeat a thousand and one times that perseverance is the only road to success.

我们要多次重申：不屈不挠是取得胜利的唯一道路。

24.Perseverance is failing nineteen times and succeeding the twentieth.

十九次失败，到第二十次获得成功，这就叫坚持。

25.Step by step the ladder is ascended.

登梯需要逐级登。

26.Adversity leads to prosperity.

困苦通向昌盛。

27.Patience and application will carry us through.

忍耐和专心会使我们度过难关。

28.Fortune often rewards with interest those that have patience to wait for her.

做事只要有耐心，到头总会有好运;耐心候好运，好运常会来。

29.All things will come round to him who will but wait.

只要肯等待，一切都会按时来。

30.Constant dropping wears the stone.

滴水不绝可穿石。

篇14：GRE数学6大类常见易错问题盘点

GRE数学6大类常见易错问题盘点 掌握应对方法避免意外扣分

1. 最大最小值问题

最大最小值问题是容易发生错误的，因为题目考的是区间，然后求区间里的一个极值，这类题目答案也往往是几个非常接近的数字。如果考生一时大意，就很容易选出一个比正确答案稍大或者稍小一点点的数值，由此造成问题。

2. 百分比转换问题

百分比问题也是比较常见的错误。举例来说，A比B大20%，但反过来B并不是比A小20%，很多考生脑子一时没转过来，直接做了一个数值转换，在不经意间就犯了错误。

3. 单位转换问题

这个可以说是GRE数学里经典的出题陷阱。有些题目会给出几个不同单位的数据，但并不会明确提示考生，如果考生在计算时没有留意，直接用数字去算而忘记了单位转换，那么就绝对会出问题。

4. 漏看题目要求

这是考生在审题过程中很容易犯的低级错误。举例来说，一道题目，告诉你N这个数，需要通过系列条件计算才能知道N的值，最后问的却是2N的数值。有些考生看题目没看完最后要求就自以为是算N的数值，好不容易算完了就直接选了答案，结果自然是错误的。

5. 图片比例问题

GRE数学中有许多几何题目会提供图片给大家参考，但这些图片的比例有时候却是故意给错的。比如一个三角形，故意给出类似等边三角的形状，题目中却完全没有提到是等边三角。如果考生自以为是的根据图片脑补了一个等边三角的默认条件，然后运用到计算当中，那么就会在不经意中踩中陷阱。

6. 小数点问题

GRE数学中，涉及到百分比的题目很多，有些题目看似求数值，最后要求百分比，或者反其道而行之。考生如果不注意，小数点上出现问题，也是非常容易出错的。

综上所述，GRE数学想要拿到高分，并不是只搞定知识点就能做到的。考生只有在考试中多加注意各种细节，仔细再仔细地审题、解题和检查，才能确保GRE数学高分满分。希望上文提到的这些常见低级错误，能够引起大家的警惕和注意，避免在本不该出错的地方无谓地丢失分数。

GRE数学怎么拿满分

1、数学满分=认真+不轻视。这是GRE数学复习所应当遵循的头号准则，下面一切所说的，都是基于这个原则。

2、我想不管是基于什么想法，在最后20天，应当开始复习数学了。不轻视数学，否则拿满分还是比较难的事情。

3、应当把数学的基本词汇掌握住，否则做题没有用处。数学真正比较难的地方就是一些专业词汇。

4、要用摸考的规格来复习数学，不应当词汇题是用摸考的考法，到了数学就很无所谓的样子。记住，尽管数学比较简单，但是它的要求有高。

5、注意总结，数学里边有很多小的陷阱，我做题的时候有一个感觉，就是数学考试和我们平时的考试不一样，更像一个智力测验，有时候需要转弯，这样的地方不多，总结一下，刻意的避开。

6、要注意在做数学的时候，不要想错几个能得满分，要想怎么样才能全都做对，取法呼上仅得其中。

GRE数学必知的基本概念

1、mode(众数)

一堆数中出现频率最高的一个或几个数，例如：mode of 1，1，1，2，3，0，0，0，5 is 1 and 0.

2、range(值域)

一堆数中最大和最小数之差，例如：range of 1，1，2，3，5 is 5-1=4

3、mean(平均数)

arithmatic mean(算术平均数)，geometric mean (几何平均数：n个数之积的n次方根)

4、median(中数)

将一堆数排序之后，正中间的一个数(奇数个数字)，或者中间两个数的平均数(偶数个数字)，例如：“median of 1，7，4，9，2，2，2，2，2，5，8 is 2”，“median of 1，7，4，9，2，5 is (5+7)/2=6”。

5、standard error(标准偏差)

一堆数中，每个数与平均数的差的绝对值之和，除以这堆数的个数(n)。例如：standard error of 0，2，5，7，6 is：(|0-4|+|2-4|+|5-4|+|7-4|+|6-4|)/5=2.4

6、standard variation一堆数中，每个数与平均数之差的平方之和，再除以n，例如：standard variation of 0，2，5，7，6 is6.8

7、standard deviation就是standard variation的平方根，标准方差的公式：d^2=[(a1-a)^2+(a2-a)^2+……+(an-a)^2 ]/n，d 为标准方差。

8. 三角形余玄定理C^2=A^2+B^2-2ABCOSt，其中t为AB两条线间的夹角。

9. Y=k1X+B1，Y=k2X+B2，两线垂直的条件为K1K2=-1

10. 三的倍数的特点：所有位数之和可被3整除。

7、有人总结了一些难题，有的是超难的题，有时间就看，没时间就不看，看了看不懂，不要慌，这种题出了根本就是小概率事件。

GRE数学考试大纲了解

CALCULUS — 50%

Material learned in the usual sequence of elementary calculus courses — differential and integral calculus of one and of several variables — includes calculus-based applications and connections with coordinate geometry, trigonometry, differential equations and other branches of mathematics.

ALGEBRA — 25%

· Elementary algebra: basic algebraic techniques and manipulations acquired in high school and used throughout mathematics

· Linear algebra: matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, vector spaces, linear transformations, characteristic polynomials and eigenvalues and eigenvectors

· Abstract algebra and number theory: elementary topics from group theory, theory of rings and modules, field theory and number theory

ADDITIONAL TOPICS — 25%

· Introductory real analysis: sequences and series of numbers and functions, continuity, differentiability and integrability, and elementary topol.y of R and Rn

· Discrete mathematics: l.ic, set theory, combinatorics, graph theory and algorithms

· Other topics: general topol.y, geometry, complex variables, probability and statistics, and numerical analysis

GRE数学的备考要

GRE数学考试，其主要目的是测试考生是否具备以下能力：

1.精通算术运算(Proficiency in arithmetical operations);

2.精通代数方程的求解(Proficiencv in solving algebraic equations);

3.具有把文字信息转变成数学术语的能力( Ability to convert verbal information to mathematical terms)：

4.具有构想几何图形以及数之间的相互关系的能力(Abilitv to visualize geometric shapes and numerical relationships);

5.具有用直觉的和非常规的方法去解决一般数学问题的能力(Ability to devise intuitive and unconventional solutions to conventional mathematics Droblems)

求

篇15：中考作文指导：作文低分常见的三种原因

中考作文指导：作文低分常见的三种原因

审题不抓关键词。北京八中老师刘艳认为，在近几年的中考评卷中，发现相当一部分考生审题不抓关键词，这样在写作时就很难抓住重点，容易跑题。如“动力来自……”这个作文题的关键词是“来自”，考生只有将“来自”作为重点才能写出好文章。不少考生没有审题抓关键字的意识，看一眼题目就急着动笔，有的考生考前背过一些范文，一到考场就往里套，不仔细审题，这样最容易“下笔千言，离题万里。”初三生要养成审题的习惯，对作文题目要逐字细看，明白题目的要求后再下笔。

北师大附中老师高超提醒考生，审题时还要注意文章体裁和字数要求，看看题目要求写成什么体裁的文章，字数不要超出或少于要求字数太多。

语言贫乏缺少文采。刘艳说，有的初三生写文章不会抒情议论，没有理性思辨语言，这样的作文很难拿到高分。考生在平时就要注意对语言素材的积累。一方面可以多看看名家大师的文章，看看别人的遣词造句，自己在写到相关文章时就可以参考借鉴;另一方面，初三生还可多关注同龄人的优秀文章，和同学沟通交流，互相学习。平时，考生可抽出时间阅读一些报纸杂志，如《读者》，每期都有不少亲情、励志方面的.文章，对作文素材积累很有帮助。此外，初三生还要注意古诗词的积累，在文章中恰当地运用古诗词也是让文章增色的好办法。

文章较“平”缺少细节。一些考生写的文章没有细节，没有重点，记“流水账”一样洋洋洒洒一大篇。初三生在写作时要有两把剪刀，一把剪出自己最擅长的一件事，另一把在这件事中剪出要重点描写的部分。如在写跑步时，早上怎么集合、怎么准备，都可以略写甚至不写，但发令枪响时自己如何紧张，跑的过程中遇到的问题，这就需要详细描写。有细节的文章才有真情实感，才能打动人。一般来讲，一篇文章中抓住两个精彩的细节就够了，这需要考生平时苦练。

篇16：GRE备考突破作文高分只需掌握4大要点

GRE备考突破作文高分只需掌握4大要点 全部学会4分不用愁

1.词汇

很多人在问，究竟需要不需要在写作前背词汇书。我们知道，词汇书是针对笔试里的语文部分搜集整理的，与作文的关系不大。作文需要的高级仍然是那几个，机器或者考官一见，马上会锁定，懂得写议论文，就靠它们几个。另外一些常用动词名词等实词的同义词要多背几组，英语的修辞不在华丽，在变幻。句型要多变，表达同种意思的词当然也要变幻。本来就单调的英语，重复是大忌。

2.模板

模板怎么用，不是不用，而是要合理利用。因为这实在是一个可以让初学者一目了然，直奔主题的好东西。什么是结构，模板就是结构。模板是骨架，是支撑，但不是灵魂。灵魂的部分当然是文章的主旨，要靠自己在不懈的写作，不断的钻研中去摸索和寻找的。千万不可以依赖模板。一篇没有灵魂的骨架子是没法得高分的。

3.练习

练习是一定要坚持得，从始至终。而且量变到质变的突破是需要时间的。

4.临考

临考前的模考是为了让大家去把握时间，更好的进一步的查缺补漏。在考场上，更是要临危不乱，无论出现什么样的题目，相信自己，都是见过的，万变不离其宗，这当然需要练习时不断去完善自己的知识库。

俞敏洪GRE词汇精选

evocative a唤起的，激起的 17

evoke v引起;唤起

evolve v使逐渐形成，进化

ewe n母羊

ewer n大口水罐

exacerbate v加重，恶化

exact a精确的;v强求，强索付款

exacting a苛求的;要求严格的

exactitude n极端正确性或精确性

exaggerate v夸张;夸大

exaggeration n夸张

exalt v(高度)赞扬，歌颂

exaltation n得意，高兴

exasperate v激怒，使恼怒

excavate v挖掘;挖出

exceed v超过;超出

excel v善于，擅长于

exceptional a特别(好)的

excess n过分，过度

excise v切除，删去

excitability n易兴奋性，易激动性

exclaim v惊叫，呼喊

exclamation n惊叹词，惊呼

exclude v排斥;排除

exclusive a(人)孤僻的;(物)专用的

excoriate v撕去皮;严厉批评

excrete v排泄，分泌

exculpate v开脱，申明无罪

excursion n短途旅游

excursive a离题的，随意的

execrable a极坏的

execrate v憎恶;咒骂

execute v执行，履行;将某人处死

exemplary a可作楷模的

exemplify v是…的典型

exempt a被免除的;v使免除

exert v运用(力量等)

exhale v呼出(气)

exhaust n废气，蒸气v使非常疲倦

exhaustive a彻底的，无遗漏的

俞敏洪GRE词汇精选

exhilarate v使高兴

exhilaration n高兴，活跃

exhort v力劝，勉励

exigent a需要立即采取行动的

existential a有关存在的，存在主义的

exodus n大批离去，成群外出

exonerate v免除责任;确定无罪

exorbitant a过分的，过度的

exorcise v驱魔;去除(坏念头等)

exotic a珍奇的;来自异国的

expand v扩大，膨胀

expansive a(指人)健谈的，开朗的

expediency n方便;权宜之计

expedient n权宜之计，临时手段;a(指行动)有用的

expeditious a迅速的，敏捷的

expel v排出;开除

expend v花费;用光

expenditure n消耗，支出

expertise n专门技术，专业知识

expiate v赎罪，补偿

expiration n期满，终止

expire v期满;去世

explicate v详细解说

explicit a清楚明确的

exploit v剥削;开发利用n英勇行为

explosive n炸药;a爆炸性的;使人冲动的

exponent n说明者，支持者;指数

exponentially adv指数地;迅速增长地

exposition n阐释;博览会

expository a说明的

expostulate v抗议，告诫

exposure n暴露，显露，曝光

expound v解释;阐述

expressly adv清楚地;特意地

expunge v删除

expurgate v删除;使纯洁

exquisite a精致的;近乎完美的

extant a现存的，传世的

extemporaneous a即席的，没有准备的

extemporize v即席演说

extend v延展，延长

俞敏洪GRE词汇精选

extenuate v掩饰(罪行)，减轻罪过

exterminate v消灭，灭绝

externalize v使…表面化

extinct a绝种的，不存在的

extinction n熄灭;消灭

extinguish v使…熄灭;使…不复存在

extirpation n根除，铲除

extol v赞美

extort v强索，敲诈

extract v拔出;强索

extraneous a外来的;无关的

extrapolate v预测，推测

extravagance n奢侈，挥霍

extremist n极端主义者

extricable a可解救的，能脱险的

extricate v拯救，救出

extrovert n性格外向者

exuberance n愉快;茁壮

exuberant a充满活力的,茂盛的

exude v使慢慢流出;四溢

exult v欢腾，喜悦

fabric n纺织品;结构

fabricate v捏造;制造

facade n 建筑物的正面;(虚伪)外表

facet n(宝石等的)小平面;侧面

facetious a轻浮的，好开玩笑的

facile a容易做的;肤浅的

facilitate v使容易，促进

facilities n设备、工具

faction n派系;派系斗争

factorable a能分解成因子的

factotum n杂役，听差

factual a真实的，事实的

faculty n全体教员;官能

fad n(流行一时的)狂热，时尚

faddish a流行一时的，时尚的

fade v褪色，消失，凋谢

falcon n猎鹰;隼

fallacious a欺骗的;谬误的

fallacy n谬误，错误

fallibility n易于出错，出错性

篇17：GRE作文容易出现哪些扣分问题

GRE作文容易出现哪些扣分问题

词汇和句子问题

单词拼写

拼写错误是GRE写作中最不划算的扣除项目。虽然少量的拼写错误可能不会对总分产生很大影响，但如果拼写错误较多，就会影响感知。建议你在写完这篇文章后迅速复习，以检查是否有拼写错误。

词语重复

词汇量不足的考生写的一些文章中经常会出现单词重复的问题。重复使用同一个单词会使你的文章显得繁琐和冗长，间接暴露出你的英语背景不足以准备词汇的问题，这是写作中的一大禁忌。建议考生在写作时使用多种文字来显示自己的详细情况。

句型的使用

GRE写作不需要使用太复杂的句型。考生不应该为了好看的文章而使用他们不确定的复杂句型。如果他们所写的复杂句子中有各种语法错误，gre写作技巧,gre考试培训那就更糟了。记住一句话：用最精辟的语言表达最完整的信息。当然，如果一定要追求漂亮的句子，考生可以在作文中加入括号、状语等形式，这也可以使文章更加出色。

文章结构问题

逻辑结构

外国人非常重视英语写作的逻辑性，尤其是逻辑思维能力是GRE考试的重点之一。此外，GRE两篇作文的主题都是非常重视文章整体逻辑的议论文。所以在GRE作文中，一定要把文章的部分写清楚。全文逻辑结构最好在写作前做个提纲，这样考官一眼就能看清楚你的逻辑结构，体现出文章清晰的逻辑思维。

开始和结束

作文的开头和结尾很重要。好的开头可以直接表达观点，gre写作技巧,gre考试培训好的结尾可以概括全文，升华主题。因此，文章的开头和结尾都将起到非常重要的作用。我们不应该因为没有时间而忽视开始和结束。

其他扣分问题

文章长度

作文字数不够，文章篇幅短是GRE高分作文的一大禁忌。尽管GRE作文对字数没有要求，但无论如何，文章必须有一定的篇幅，这在一定程度上代表了考生的创新能力。篇幅过短的文章不能清楚地说明要表达的意思，容易使考生出现写作能力不足的现象。

GRE写作高分范文：下一代的教育

GRE写作题目：

How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society.Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society.

现在孩子的社会化程度决定了社会的命运。可惜的是，我们还没有学会教孩子怎么样去建设一个更好的社会。

GRE写作范文：

People are never born into separated environment, while society will be their destiny to face and join no matter whether they are willed to do so. After being educated in greenhouses of campus,children will one day step into this destiny inevitably, therefore making socialization an indispensable progress of their growth. However, it seems to me that socialization is a method of acclimating to the surroundings and such abilities are inborn. So it may be too extreme and pessimistic to say we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society, especially when the education and other related fields are keeping a high-speed development.

Socialization, defined as converting and meeting the social needs, determines a society's future by making its members work as effective parts of it. Society is a huge constitution combined by different individuals and groups, who need cooperation with each other and gain the methods for living and developing. Modern development has made such cooperation spear into every corner of our daily life: industry, service, agriculture and academic fields provide the people living in a society what they need, and supported by each other's products.

Education, as a way for us to raise children, gives them knowledge to take parts in this society and realize their personal values. When entering schools, children are living with other contemporaries for years, learning how to communicate with each other, gaining senses of cooperation,competition and understanding. After that, they graduate and face the practical issues, such as manufacturing, researching, designing and so forth. All these issues ask for cooperation during modern time, because they are all highly complicated with different products provided by different fields. An architecture design project, for instance, contains parts of architecture design, structure design, air-conditioner system, water supply system and so forth. During its designing progress,architects and other experts need communicate with each other,

persuade or be persuaded to change their ideas and plans. If some one of them are not socialized and just keep on working individually, the outcomes will be not reasonable or even not feasible.

Moreover, socialization is an indispensable part of social living, even people do not take parts in producing. We are living in a connected world, facing other peoples for information, products and so forth. After graduating, children will leave their greenhouses which are supported by their parents, teachers and society. They have to work and live directly with other social members. If they are not socialized, and just continue their greenhouse life, they will find the world as a vacuum, bogging them with complex relation of people. In Japan, a group of people are called OTAKUs, who are trapped by their childhood interests, including animation, video game,internet, and the sense of security at home. Those people are a reverse example of those who are not well socialized. They have their own worlds, cut off with others, and they are afraid of communicating. As a result, certain social problems have long been reported among these OTAKUs, such as suicide, crime, psychic diseases and so forth. In this case we may know the importance of socialization.

GRE写作高分范文：想法付诸行动的困难

GRE写作题目：

Practicality is now our great idol, which all powers and talents must serve.Anything that is not obviously practical has little value in today's world.

GRE写作正文：

In today’s society idealism seems to become an ideology that is marginalized and practicality is our great idol, thus, the speaker asserts that anything that is not practical bears little value. I admit that being practical is the wide-accepted dogma in order to survive in this world, but by going too far to claim that anything that is not practical has little value is against the empirical observation as well as the general stimulus that push the human society forward.

Admittedly, practicality has become a cult in today’s society. Too often do we hear people talk about being practical whenever they come to make important decisions or choose between several alternatives. The deep-rooted cause underlying this phenomenon is that with the development of modern society, the emphasis is placed more on financial gaining, quick fame, sensible choice and so forth. Our society is rather stable compared with that of the last century when war, violence, human right movements has become the symbol of that period. People are enjoying this peaceful environment with less crucial missions rested upon them and as a result, they shift from idealism to struggle for the common well being of mankind to the practical concept of individual achievement.

This ideology has its merits since after all the disaster and upheaval that our human race has undergone, it is judicious to focus on the economic aspect of things in order to tackle the most important social problems such as poverty, hunger and environmental problems which all deserve us to sit down and work out practical solutions. On the personal level, being practical is how a person would possibly succeed in his career or personal life. One is likely to make sensible decisions for his education and job choice on the basis of practical consideration of his own strength and weakness and careful analysis of the prospect of research direction and job market. Even those in power and intellects need to consider practically since hasty decision built upon pure ideal meditation would hardly find its way in the modern society and is doom to failure.

Agreeing with the speaker that practicality has become the great idol in our society, I am strongly against his point that anything that is not practical has little value. Even in today’s society, idealism is by no means relegated to the place of total neglect and disregard. For one thing, in history, so much achievement is the outcome of several generations’ struggle such as fighting for equality for women, human rights movement,etc. In today’s society, practicality is the way we can obtain our goal but idealism offers the philosophical explanation of why we should set this as our goal and the clear the ultimate value of our pursuing. What is more, by totally fixed one's eyes upon the practical aspect of things, we face the danger of neglecting one important part of our pursuit, that is the mental enjoyment brought out by idealism. If we have a clear goal set in mind and put practical endeavor at the same time, the result would be more satisfactory and valuable.

To sum up, I agree with the speaker insofar as the wide acceptance of practicality is considered. Being practical is the tenet of modern society and it does shed light on the wise way of doing things and obtaining goals, no matter in the personal or social level.But the speaker goes too far by claiming that it is the only valuable ideology in society.I am strongly against this idea since in history or at present, we human beings still need the philosophical explanation to clear our goal and to provide motivation. In this aspect, idealism would never be replaced with pure practical consideration. Otherwise,human society will be replete with insensible people directed by economic profit and quick fame and recognition.

篇18：老美GRE作文相关问题的回复

老美关于GRE作文相关问题的回复

.去信

Dear Sir:

Will you please tell me whether your department(注：economics) has any special requirement of GRE Analytical Writing score to applicants?

Thank you in advance.

回信

1. At this time we do not have enough data on the new Analytical Writing Score

section of the test to inform you of a required minimum score. At this time, however, I would say that a score below 3.5 would cause concern in the Admission committee that perhaps the applicants writing fluency is not advanced enough to assist them in their Ph.D. studies. However, the TOEFL is what we most closely examine when determing an applicant’s English proficiency. A score below 220 on the TOEFL will not be accepted by the Economics Department.

Thanks.

Caroline Morris

Asst. to DGS

Department of Economics

138C SocSci, Ecoteach

Box 90097

Duke University

2. Not that I am aware of.

Rosemary

Rosemary E. Dow

Coordinator of Graduate Studies

本新闻共2页,当前在第1页  1  2

篇19：托福作文常见错误及问题剖析

托福作文常见错误及问题剖析

1、不一致(Disagreements)

所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致时态不一致及代词不一致等。

例1. When one have money ，he can do what he want to 。(人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么。)剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has ;同理，want应改为wants。本句是典型的主谓不一致。

改为：Once one has money ，he can do what he wants (to do)

2、修饰语错位(Misplaced Modifiers)

英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化。对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解。例1. I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus。

剖析：better位置不当，应置于句末。

3、句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)

在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解。可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生。

例1. There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ，radio ，newspaper and so on 。

剖析：本句后半部分for example by TV ，radio ，newspaper and so on 。不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句。

改为：There are many ways to know society ，for example ，by TV ，radio ，and newspaper。

4、悬垂修饰语(Dangling Modifiers)

所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清。

例如：At the age of ten， my grandfather died. 这句中at the age of ten只点出十岁时，但没有说明 谁十岁时。按一般推理不可能是my grandfather， 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了。

改为：

When I was ten， my grandfather died。

例1. To do well in college， good grades are essential。

剖析：句中不定式短语 to do well in college 的逻辑主语不清楚。

改为：

To do well in college， a student needs good grades。

5.词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)

词性误用常表现为：介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等。

例1. None can negative the importance of money。

剖析：negative 系形容词，误作动词。

改为：

None can deny the importance of money。

6、指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)

指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句：

Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid。

(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。)读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：

Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid。

例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself。

剖析：句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。

改为：

We can also know society by serving it ourselves。

7、不间断句子(Run-on Sentences)

什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。

例1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world。

剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：There are many ways。 以及We get to know the outside world。。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。

改为：

There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或：

There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world。

8、措词毛病(Troubles in Diction）

Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题，囿于教学时间紧迫，教师平时在这方面花的.时间往往极其有限，影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲，拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。

例1. The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution。

(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)剖析：显然，考生把obstacles障碍，障碍物误作substance物质了。另外the increasing use (不断增加的使用) 应改为abusive use (滥用)。

改为：

The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution。

9、累赘(Redundancy)

言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词;写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组;能用词组的不用从句或句子。如：

In spite of the fact that he is lazy， I like him。

本句的the fact that he is lazy系同谓语从句，我们按照上述能用词组的不用从句

可以改为：In spite of his laziness， I like him。

例1. For the people who are diligent and kind， money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need。

剖析：整个句子可以大大简化。

改为：

Diligent， caring people use money only to buy what they need。

10、不连贯(Incoherence)

不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。

例1. The fresh water， it is the most important things of the earth。

剖析：The fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。It 与things 在数方面不一致。

改为：

Fresh water is the most important thing in the world。

篇20：美国人对GRE作文相关问题的回复

美国人对GRE作文相关问题的回复

去信

Dear Sir:

Will you please tell me whether your department(注：economics) has any special requirement of GRE Analytical Writing score to applicants?

Thank you in advance.

回信

1. At this time we do not have enough data on the new Analytical Writing Score section of the test to inform you of a required minimum score. At this time, however, I would say that a score below 3.5 would cause concern in the Admission committee that perhaps the applicants writing fluency is not advanced enough to assist them in their Ph.D. studies. However, the TOEFL is what we most closely examine when determing an applicant's English proficiency. A score below 220 on the TOEFL will not be accepted by the Economics Department.

Thanks.

Caroline Morris

Asst. to DGS

Department of Economics

138C SocSci, Ecoteach

Box 90097

Duke University

2. Not that I am aware of.

Rosemary

Rosemary E. Dow

Coordinator of Graduate Studies

University of Rochester

Department of Economics

237 Harkness Hall, RC Box 270156

Rochester, NY 14627-0156

3. We do not. The only cutoff we had this year was that the quantitative aptitude score be at least 730.

Truman Bewley

Yale

4. We do not pay much attention to the GRE Analytical Writing section part of the GRE.

I hope this answers your question!

Sincerely,

Shireen Tahira Aaser

econ.umn.edu

5. No we do not. Since the analytical writing portion of the GRE is so new, we have no measure of whether the score will be an indicator for success in our program. However, we do review the score in the sense of the English language writing skills of the applicants.

Mary Braun Voice 734-764-2360

Student Services Associate Fax 734-764-2769

Department of Economics

611 Tappan Street

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1220

GRE考试范文精选：探讨计算机的利与弊

Some people claim that public museums and art galleries will not be needed because people can see historical objects and works of art by using a computer. Do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

宣称历史文物和艺术作品都可以从电脑上看到，因此公共博物馆和艺术画廊便不再需要了简直就是荒.唐。

It is simply absurd to assert that with historical objects and works of art being able to be seen through a computer, public museums and art galleries will no longer be needed.

首先，电脑永远替代不了真正的公共博物馆和艺术画廊。不管电脑影像何等真实、形象，它们依然仅仅是影像而已，不是我们真正看到的、甚或还会被许可用指端触摸一下的历史文物和艺术作品。对于那些声称因为可以从电脑屏幕上看到想看的一切，所以博物馆和艺术画廊没有继续存在必要的人们，我想建议他们就从电脑里娶个太太或者嫁个丈夫得了，犯不着去娶嫁真实生活中的人!

First of all, computers can never replace real public museums and art galleries. No matter how real and vivid computer images are, they are only images, not the historical objects and works of art that we see in real or even might be allowed to touch with our fingertips. For those who claim museums and galleries are no longer needed because they can see all they want to on a computer screen, I'd like to suggest that they marry a wife or husband in the computer rather than in real life!

其次，参观真实的博物馆和艺术画廊在多方面有益。一来可以锻炼身体：在我们赶往博物馆或者艺术画廊并漫步现场的过程中，我们得到了一些锻炼，这对我们的身体健康有诸多好处。二来我们可以大饱眼福，亲眼看到那里的所有物件并切身体会那种神奇、美妙和精湛的工艺。这个过程是主动地看我们想看的一切，不是被动地去看别人在电脑屏幕上展示给我们的。再来就是我们离开电脑去现场观看真实物件可以保护我们的视力。

In the second place, visiting real museums and art galleries is a rewarding experience in many respects. For one thing, it is a good exercise. While we are making the trip to a museum or art gallery and then strolling about on site, we get some exercise which does a lot of good to our health. For another thing, we can feast our eyes on all kinds of things there and experience the wonder, beauty and exquisite workmanship with our own eyes in an active way instead of in a passive manner by looking at what are being displayed to us by others on the screen. For yet another thing, we protect our eyesight by moving away from the computer screen and see the real objects on site.

电脑给我们的生活带来了很多方便，这是真的。有时候，特别是当我们暂时不能亲临博物馆和艺术画廊时，我们可以大概了解一下现场都展示了哪些东西。然而，我们从电脑屏幕上看到的与我们现场亲眼看到和感受到的毕竟是不完全一样的。

It is true that computers have brought great conveniences to our life. At certain times, especially when it is temporarily impossible for us to visit museums and art galleries in person, we can get a rough picture of what are on display on site. However, what we see from a computer screen is, after all, not exactly the same as what we see and feel with our own eyes on site.

由此我们可以得出结论：电脑永远不可能替代真实的博物馆和艺术画廊。因此，说不需要去博物馆和画廊了因为历史文物和艺术作品都可以通过电脑屏幕来欣赏了是荒谬的。

In conclusion, computers will never be able to replace real public museums and art galleries. Therefore, it is ridiculous to say that one does not need to go to museums and art galleries as historical objects and works of art can be appreciated on a computer screen.

GRE写作官方题库高频ARGUMENT题目满分范文分享：Ballmer Island Gazette

GRE作文官方题库ARGUMENT题目：

The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Ballmer Island Gazette:

“On Balmer Island, where mopeds serve as a popular form of transportation, the population increases to 100,000 during the summer months. To reduce the number of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians, the town council of Balmer Island should limit the number of mopeds rented by the island’s moped rental companies from 50 per day to 25 per day during the summer season. By limiting the number of rentals, the town council will attain the 50 percent annual reduction in moped accidents that was achieved last year on the neighboring island of Seaville, when Seaville’s town council enforced similar limits on moped rentals.”

Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.

【满分范文赏析】

The author of this editorial recommends that, to reduce accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians, Balmer Island’s city council should restrict moped rentals from 50 to 25 per day, at each of the island’s six rental outlets. To support this recommendation the author cites the fact that last year, when nearby Seaville Island’s town council enforced similar measures, Seaville’s rate of moped accidents decreased by 50%. There are several reasons why this evidence fails to substantiate the claim.

【本段结构】

本段采用了标准的Argument开头段结构，即C—E—F的开头结构。段落首先概括原文的Conclusion，接下来概括原文为支持其结论所引用的Evidence，最后给出开头段到正文段的过渡句，指出原文的Flaw，即其Evidence不能证实其结论。

【本段功能】

本段作为Argument开头段，具体功能就在于发起攻击并概括原文的结论，即：为减少涉及摩托自行车与行人的事故的发生，Balmer岛市议会应在该岛六个租车点将摩托自行车的日租借量限制由50辆下调至25辆。本段接下来列举了原文为支持其结论所引用的证据——在去年，当附近的Seaville岛的镇议会实行了类似的措施后，其摩托自行车事故率降低了50%。这些信息的归纳为正文段中即将进行的具体攻击作铺垫。

To begin with, the author assumes that all other conditions in Balmer that might affect the rate of moped-pedestrian accidents will remain unchanged after the restrictions are enacted. People often find ways to circumvent restrictions. For example, with a restricted supply of rental mopeds, people in Balmer who currently rent in the summer might purchase mopeds instead. Also, the number of pedestrians might increase in the future.With more pedestrians, especially tourists, the risk of moped-pedestrian accidents would probably increase. For that matter, the number of rental outlets might increase to make up for the artificial supply restriction per outlet, a likely scenario in consideration of the fact that moped rental demand will not likely decrease.Without considering and ruling out these and other possible changes that might contribute to a high incidence of moped-pedestrian accidents, the author cannot convince me that the proposed restrictions will necessarily have the desired effect.

【本段结构】

本段采用了标准的Argument正文段结构，即：概括第一个逻辑错误的错误类型和其在原文中出现的位置，接下来给出合理的理由和他因来反驳原文。

【本段功能】

本段作为正文第一段，攻击原文中出现的第一个重要逻辑错误——忽略他因。原文作者假设在制定限制措施后，Balmer岛上所有其它可能影响摩托自行车事故率的条件将保持不变。然而，人们经常会发现避开限制的方法。例如，当摩托自行车的租借量受限制时，目前在夏季租用摩托自行车的Balmer岛人们可能会改为购买摩托自行车。另外，行人的数目在未来可能会增加。行人(尤其是游客)数目的增加可能会导致摩托自行车和行人之间发生事故的增多。鉴于对摩托自行车出租的需求量不太可能会下降，摩托自行车租借点的数目很可能会增加，以弥补每个租车点的租借量所受到的人为限制。本段最后指出：作者在没有考虑和排除这些可能会提高摩托自行车和行人纸质件事故的发生率的其它改变之前，是不能说服读者其所提出的措施一定会获得期望的效果的。

To further explore the link between the two locations and a reduction in number of accidents, the author relies on what could be an unfair comparison. Perhaps Balmer’s ability to enforce moped-rental restrictions does not meet Seaville’s ability.In that case, the mere enactment of similar restrictions in Balmer is no guarantee of a similar result. Or perhaps the demand for mopeds in Seaville is always greater than in Balmer. Specifically, if fewer than all available mopeds are currently rented per day from the average Balmer outlet, while in Seaville everyavailable moped is rented each day, then the proposed restriction is likely to have less impact on the accident rate in Balmer than in Seaville.

【本段结构】

本段采用了标准的Argument正文段结构，即：概括第三个逻辑错误的错误类型和其在原文中出现的位置，接下来给出合理的理由和他因来反驳原文。

【本段功能】

本段作为正文第三段，攻击原文中出现的第三个重要逻辑错误——错误类比。或许Balmer岛在加强摩托自行车租借限制时的执行力不及Seaville岛的执行力。在这种情形下，仅仅在Balmer岛上制定与Seaville岛相似的限制并不能保证获得相似的效果。抑或是Seaville岛对摩托自行车的需求量始终比Balmer岛上的大。特别地，如果通常的Balmer岛租借点每天租出的摩托自行车数量比其可供租借的摩托自行车总量少，而Seaville岛租借点的每辆摩托自行车每天均被租出，那么被提议的限制对Balmer岛事故率的影响很可能会小于其对Seaville岛的影响。

Finally, the author provides no evidence that the same restrictions that served to reduce the incidence of all “moped accidents” by 50% would also serve to reduce the incidence of “accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians” by 50%. Lacking such evidence, it is entirely possible that the number of moped accidents not involving pedestrians decreased by a greater percentage, while the number of moped-pedestrian accidents decreased by a smaller percentage, or even increased. Since the author has not accounted for these possibilities, the recommendation requires further substantiation.

【本段结构】

本段采用了标准的Argument正文段结构，即：概括第四个逻辑错误的错误类型和其在原文中出现的位置，接下来给出合理的理由和他因来反驳原文。

【本段功能】

本段作为正文第四段，攻击原文中出现的第四个重要逻辑错误——错误假设。作者没有提供证据证明使得“摩托自行车事故”的发生减少50%的那些限制同样也将使得“涉及摩托自行车和行人的事故”的发生减少50%。如果缺乏如此证据，完全可能是摩托自行车事故的数目降低了更大的百分比，而摩托自行车和行人之间的事故降低了较小的百分比，甚至可能上升了。本段最后指出：既然作者没有对这些可能性进行说明，其建议需要被进一步证实。

★常见面试问题

★GRE词汇常见词根词总结

★GRE词汇之常见词根词缀

★GRE阅读解决生词问题技巧

★随笔400字低分

★GRE词汇之常见词根词缀整合

★常见的会计面试问题

★去面试常见的问题

★求职信中最常见的问题

★会计面试常见技巧问题

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