以下是小编整理的托福综合作文基础篇，本文共13篇，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。
篇1：托福综合作文基础篇
托福综合作文基础篇
托福综合作文与其他形式的作文题目不同，它要求考生们在3分钟左右阅读一篇文章，接着听一段对这篇文章的评论，最后要求考生们根据给出的材料写出主要观点。因此这个作文形式看似简单，其实还是需要同学们加以重视的。
托福综合写作的要求决定了它不需要考生自己的观点，一般只要把听到的那段评论的观点复述出来就可以了。因此，考生们在答托福综合作文的时候一定要注意两点，就是要点和语言。下面就是综合写作的.一般结构：
The lecture is mainly discussing ______, ________ and ___________ by _________, challenging what are stated in the reading passage that _________, _________ and _______. First of all, the speaker thinks that ___________. In contrast, the reading passage believes that _____________. So, the lecture totally disagrees with the view made in the reading.
Second, the speaker discusses ___________, Contradicting what is stated in the reading that _____________________.
Finally, the speakers raises the issue that ___________. This point disagrees that ________________ demonstrated in the reading.
So, the contents in the reading passage are totally jeopardized by the speaker and the speaker has totally different ideas on the topics made in the reading.
这就是托福综合写作的基础模版。其实这类成熟的写作模板并不止这一种，记下这样的写作模式可以为同学们节省很多时间。但是为了更有机会赢得考官的好感，拿到高分，同学们要在运用熟练了基础模版之后发展出自己的写作特色。
篇2：托福综合写作的基础
托福综合写作的基础模板
托福综合写作的要求决定了它不需要考生自己的观点，一般只要把听到的那段评论的观点复述出来就可以了。因此，考生们在答托福综合作文的时候一定要注意两点，就是要点和语言。
The lecture is mainly discussing ______, ________ and ___________ by _________, challenging what are stated in the reading passage that _________, _________ and _______. First of all, the speaker thinks that ___________. In contrast, the reading passage believes that _____________. So, the lecture totally disagrees with the view made in the reading.
Second, the speaker discusses ___________, Contradicting what is stated in the reading that _____________________.
Finally, the speakers raises the issue that ___________. This point disagrees that ________________ demonstrated in the reading.
So, the contents in the reading passage are totally jeopardized by the speaker and the speaker has totally different ideas on the topics made in the reading.
托福写作高分满分范文点评和思路解析：具有国家特色的事物
托福写作难点话题一览
The thing representing your country.
If you were asked to send one thing representing your country to an international exhibition, what would you choose? Why? Use specific reasons and details to explain your choice.
写作思路展开结构分析
这道题目对中国考生来说应该不难，因为能够代表我们国家的东西其实还是比较多的，比如熊猫，又比如瓷器等等，都是具有鲜明的国家特色的代表物。选定代表物以后大家还需要写具体原因，比如熊猫可以写珍贵，只栖息在中国等等。
本话题高分范文赏析
If I were to send one thing to an international exhibition that represented my culture, it would be rice. Chinese culture, boasting a lengthy history, is composed of numerous sub-cultures. The agricultural way of life, centered around rice, has played a vastly important part in the country's history. For thousands of years, the Chinese have been diligently cultivating their land. Blood, sweat and tears have been shed over their soil in the pursuit of favorable harvests. This reliance on the land for so many thousands of years accounts for China's strong rural essence. The need for rice production has led the Chinese to pay particular attention to irrigation technologies and improving cultivation. The agricultural way of life, centered on rice, has had a strong influence on the social, economic, political and ideological developments of ancient China. In this sense, traditional Chinese culture may be considered a “rice culture.” “A meal without rice,” the Chinese say, “is like a beautiful woman with only one eye.” In China, where the word for rice is also the word for food, young girls are warned that every grain of rice they leave in their bowls will be a pockmark on the face of their future husbands. Instead of saying, “How are you?” as a typical greeting, the Chinese ask “Have you had your rice today?” Quitting or losing a job is called “breaking the rice bowl” and it is bad luck to upset a bowl of rice. Rice is also a very important commodity in today's society. It is one of the major exports in China, allowing people all over the world to take part in something that emanates Chinese culture. Rice remains a staple food for both the rich and the poor, and there is hardly a meal had in our country that does not involve this fine grain. As you can see from the above-mentioned text, rice is an integral part of Chinese culture and tradition. While Chinese culture is spread over a vast number of arts and crafts, I believe that it is the humble, but profound rice that speaks to us all, and most poignantly represents the essence of our culture.
托福写作高分满分范文点评和思路解析：优先发展电脑科技?
托福写作难点话题一览
Spend money on developing or buying computer technology, or on more basic needs?
Some people think that governments should spend as much money as possible on developing or buying computer technology. Other people disagree and think that this money should be spent on more basic needs. Which one of these opinions do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
写作思路展开结构分析
这道题目把电脑科技和基础需求放在一起进行比较，其实是有点偏颇的。因为对于basic needs这个概念其实不同人的理解都应该是有差别的。而且电脑技术的发展本身也能够带动经济发展，进而改善和满足基础需求，所以还是比较建议大家选择电脑技术这个角度来展开。
本话题高分范文赏析
I believe that governments spend too much money on new computer technologies, when they should be focusing on the needs or people in their countries. There are a number of reasons why I think this would be a better usage of a country's money. Throughout the world, there are millions and millions of people who are homeless, and cannot afford to eat. These people need help from the government. If the government has so much money to spend on computer technology, they should easily be able to have enough money to help these people gain entry to the working world. The government could set up programs which allow homeless people to train for jobs. This would be a much better way to spend money than building computers. Pollution is another major problem which plagues all of the industrial nations. Instead of spending money frivolously, we should be focusing on how to fix the one we live on. The ozone layer is getting thinner and thinner every year, which means that the sun's radiation is causing more damage to people and the environment. The governments need to design a method to drastically reduce pollution. In addition to the problems of pollution and homelessness, the general population could use the money as well. In many countries, including our own, the health care and education systems leave something to be desired. I think that more money should be put towards making citizens healthier and wiser. With that said, many of the above disagreements need the help of the computer industry. Computers can help governments to keep track of all of the people they need to take care of, and programs can be designed which help isolate problems with the environment. Computers are important, as long as a government does not forget to taking care of its people.
篇3：托福写作零基础备考之流程篇
新托福写作包括两个部分，一是综合写作部分，另一部分为独立写作部分。那么如果是零基础的考生应该选择怎样的备考方式呢?下面我们一起来看看新托福写作的备考流程吧!
托福写作零基础备考之流程篇
复习流程：
入门阶段：
这一阶段主要是写作“非牛”需要准备的，最早可以在背单词的同时就进行，也可以在背单词后做北极星或Longman综合教材阶段时进行，最晚在主攻OG或其他综合教材的阅读、听力的时候进行，建议在考前6-8周结束，进入下一个强化阶段。入门阶段主要是做一个“输入”的工作，为强化阶段的“输出”训练做准备。如果写作能力较好，主要看看OG上对写作的介绍，再看一下“挑战满分”一书即可。
1.看真题范文书和指导性参考书
如果写作的基础不理想，建议踏踏实实从看范文做起。上面推荐的三份范文都是很好的材料。看的时候，一看语言，具体如注意里面词汇，句式的运用，注意收集相关的词句，尤其是同义词;二看思路和结构，分析文章是如何进行阐述、论证的，注意范文结构上的布局，包括那些看似细小的连接词。看范文的时候，还可以根据旧真题内容上的分类来集中看若干题材相近的文章，新版的两本范文书(胡敏和李笑来)或已经进行了分类编排，或提供了分类列表，看分类后的分文可以在一定程度上提高复习效率。“挑战满分”等指导性参考书，则可以在复习初期就看起来，根据书中的建议，安排相应的复习。当然，综合性指导教材，特别是OG上关于写作的建议，北极星教师用书上的范文，都是很好的学习内容。
2.查词典、语法书
如果说真题范文书和指导性参考书是用来提升写作能力的两支翅膀，那么词典和语法书则是踏稳写作基础的双腿。特别是对于写作基础不牢的人来说，通过查词典，特别是认真看解释、看例句可以较好掌握词汇的用法，查语法书，学习语法规则，模仿例句，可以较好地掌握各种句式的运用。有关词典和语法书的选择，可以参考非牛人的两外两个相关帖子。
3.列提纲，收集例子
有了语言基础的双腿，还要有思路，例子来做躯干。练习材料主要是TWE185题目和机经上的独立写作题。对于写作基础不太好的“非牛”，建议可以练习传统的“开头段+2、3段中间段+结尾段”的方式。基础较好了，也可以写的灵活些：对某个一两观点展得较开，对某一两个事例说得详细，行文上相对松散，但是和上下文保持连贯性，和中心思想保持一致性。
审题后，先决定总体思路，然后列出两三个具体的分论点，每个论点找出一些例子来说明。这里要注意，例子的选择，尽可能生活化，生动化，形象化不要太死板。比如准备说明中国现在很多个人拥有汽车，如果说“现在的中国，已经有越来越多的人拥有了自己的汽车，可以在A路口看到很多个人开着汽车，可以在B地看到很多人停放着自己的汽车，可以在C市场看到很多人正在给自己买车”，这样的例子就比较乏味。可以说“夜晚，饭店、酒吧、电影院周围的停车场，停满了顾客的汽车。新建的居住区，车库已经成了必须的配套设施。世界油价的涨跌，已经成为普通百姓日常关注的话题。”，这就的例子就比较生动形象。如果写作的基础较好，还可以就某一两个例子具体展开，多描写一些。
4.听写李笑来“高分作文”MP3
李笑来的“高分作文”配有MP3，所以还可以利用录音进行一些辅助训练。地毯式听写能对写作，尤其是打基础有一定的帮助。因为采用听一句(几句)，暂停录音，写一句(几句)的听写办法，其实大脑往往只是吸收到全部信息的一个“压缩包”，需要借助回忆，以及一些语法知识来“还原出”全部的原始信息，所以这个过程有助于锻炼语法，以及检查单词拼写的掌握。不过这个办法比较花时间，时间很紧张的“非牛”，或者基础较好的朋友可以不用。
5.背诵
这个背诵的对象，可以是精彩的句子，也可以是一个段落，甚至全文。材料上，可以是上述的几本范文书的内容，也可以是其他优秀的英语文章。不过总的来说，还是选择和托福作文接近，语言地道，漂亮的文章比较好。
托福范文以外的文章，可以背诵新概念3、4册的一些文章，具体篇目在上文已经推荐过。新概念的文章，语言相对上述范文来说，更地道一些，而且其排篇布局，修辞手法，也可以借鉴参考。对于英语基础不太扎实的“非牛”，尤其是语法掌握不佳的“非牛”，建议背诵的时候最好配以相关的参考书，比如外研社自己出的《新概念英语自学导读》，其对句子的分析，介绍，要认真看。对于准备背诵的文章里的句子，都要能分析清楚语法结构，知道为什么可以这么写。当然，单词、词组的含义也要认真掌握。
背诵是模仿的基础，熟背句子，文章，可以积累一个“语言库”。写作是输出工作，背诵则是一种输入工作(看范文，查词典等也是输入工作)，只有先做到充分的输入上的积累，才能有实力进行良好的输出。
强化阶段
建议这一阶段在考前6-8周内开始，建议考前2-3周基本结束，进入模考冲刺阶段。这一阶段主要是做一个“输出”训练的工作。
1.动手写
这个动手写主要指独立写作，大约在考前两个月，最迟一个月就要动手练习了。如果基础比较好，可以直接写一篇完整的文章，而且不要太拖时间。基础不太好，可以不限时，甚至只写一两个段落。如果连写几个句子都困难，那就改写范文上的句子吧，或者把有中文翻译的范文(如李笑来范文)的中文自己试试用英语表达。关于写段落，也可以采取同时写数个开头段，数个结尾段，数个中间段的办法来打基础。另外，还可以结合自己近期复习到范文，甚至阅读、听力等内容，把一些新近吸收的单词、语句、结构尝试着用在写作上。
2.改写
这里主要也是指对自己写的独立作文的改写。仅仅写出一篇文章是不够的，一方面，往往存在着这样那样的问题，另一方面，文章要反映的内容其实有多种表达方式，这个多样性可以是语言层面上的，也可以是结构(论证)层面上的。所以，改写，就是一个发现问题，并锻炼表达多样性的有效办法。如果有条件，再自己改过两遍之后，找英语老师或者写作高手或者老外来帮看看作文，他们对于发现问题能有较好的帮助，甚至可以提出很好的建议。另外，如果能找和自己考试进度相近的考生，大家一起互改，也是一个很好的办法。至于多样性表达，相对来说更要自己多改。而且，最好能多改上几遍，这样可以深入挖掘对某一话题的论证思路，以及掌握众多的同义词，练好多样化表达的能力。iBT新增的综合写作，其实就是把吸收到的阅读、听力信息，进行一个归纳、复述的工作，而复述很大程度上就是将原信息用自己的话再“改写”一遍，所以多改自己写的独立作文，提升改写能力，也能对综合写作起到不小帮助。
3.继续复习参考书
一方面，继续看范文，除了初期做的学习语言和结构之外，还可以把自己写的文章和同一题目或相近题目的范文进行比较，体会不同的思路。另一方面，更要把指导性参考书，特别是“挑战TOEFL iBT作文满分”一书中的“满分攻略”等提高性的内容认真学习，结合自己的情况，有针对性地进行强化训练。如果写作基础还不够扎实，则还要继续看此书的“结构攻略”，“写作攻略”等基础性章节。
4.综合写作训练
综合写作，其实还要较好的听力基础和阅读基础，以及笔记记录能力。前两者应该在托福复习的前半程有了较好的积累，具体到综合写作的运用，还要锻炼短时间迅速了解阅读、听力材料中的要点以及相应例证的能力。同时，还可以看机经，熟悉综合写作的套路，出题方式。另一方面，可以做一做综合教材，或者OG上的题目。目前除了OG，Kaplan和“完全指南”的综合写作题目是和考试比较接近的题目，可以用“完全指南”作为练习题。
5.打字练习
这一时期，最好直接在电脑上练习写作，熟悉键盘输入。如果对于电脑打字完全陌生，可以找几篇范文来打。一般每次打2-3小时的话，打上3-4次就会很熟悉键盘操作了。开始时可以在word上训练，能及时发现自己打错的单词，但要记得把这些单词多打上几遍，尽快消化掉。后期建议在文本文件上打字，这样可以接近考试环境，毕竟考试时不能让电脑来纠错。
冲刺阶段：
这个时候，大概距离考试还有2-3周。其中除了最后两周每天做一份模考，倒数第三周左右就可以开始每天限时练习一篇作文(独立写作)。当然，有时间的话，还是把作文多改改，最好能找人互改，或者请专业人士、老外再看看。
托福写作中需要注意的六个答题点
1.据说，托福作文里不能用“you”，这是真的吗?
第二人称人称代词“you”在托福写作中不是一点不能用，但是也并不提倡使用。学术性文章里对语言风格的要求可能因人而异，按照严格的要求，人称代词(“personal pronouns”)是不应使用的，如“I, we, you, they”等等，不使用人称代词，你的文章看上去就十分的正式和客观。因此，如果你将来遇到的教授比较严格或保守的话，可能会要求你改掉所有有人称代词的句子。
托福写作相比于学术论文还是没有那么正式的，但是内容也是比较正式的，因此，第二人称代词“you”还是不用或尽量少用为好，第一人称和第三人称就都是可接受的了。如果你有常写“you”的习惯，不妨每次将它改为“we”、“people”或“one”。
语法要点：托福作文中尽量少用或不用第二人称代词(“you”、“your”、“yours”等)，改为第三人称或第一人称。
2.“amounts of”和“numbers of”的用法一样吗?
一个同学在作文里写了“amounts of people have the opportunity to work at home nowadays”这样的句子。也有很多同学写过“a great amount of historical buildings”或“the amount of printed books”这样的表达。他们往往将“amounts of”或“an amount of”当成了“a lot of”或“lots of”的替代表达。
“a lot of”或“lots of”一般来说的确不太适合用在书面表达中，但是它们修饰的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，因此用不着多做考虑。然而，用“an amount of”或“amounts of”来修饰的名词，根据标准用法的要求，应该修饰物质名词(如water)或抽象名词(如pain)，也就是不可数的名词。因此，用它们来修饰“people”、“buildings”这样的可数名词是不正确的。那么，什么量词用来修饰可数名词呢?“a number of”或“numbers of”，如：“a large number of cars”。
语法要点：“an amount of”或“amounts of”用在不可数名词前面，而“a number of”或“numbers of”用在可数名词前面。其区别基本相当于“many”和“much”的区别。
3.“between”后面能接两个以上的事物或人物吗?
“between”和“among”有什么区别也是大家常问的一个问题。有这样的说法：“between”表示“两者之间”，后面应该接两个事物或人物;“among”表示“多者之间”，后面接三个及其以上的事物或人物。
事实上，在地道的英文文献中，“between”后面放n多个事物或人物也是常见到的。那么，“between”和“among”两个介词的意思区别在哪儿呢?“between”更为强调多个事物或人物中相互之间“一对一”的关系，如“the conflicts between the three kingdoms”，“among”则更有“群体感”，强调所有个体之间存在的东西，如“the feeling among the test takers”。
语法要点：尽管“between”常用来表示“在...两者之间”，它的后面也是可以接三个或更多的事物或人物的。
4.“such as”和“like”能彼此替代吗?
“such as”和“like”都是常用来完成举例的介词。它们之间是可以互相替换的，不管后面是一个例子还是多个例子。使用它们的时候，要在“such as”或“like”的前文写一个较大范围的概念(如cities)，然后“such as”和“like”后面写这个较大概念范围下的具体例子(如“Beijing and New York”)。我们既可以写“cities like Beijing and New York”，也可以写“cities such as Beijing and New York”，而且后者还可以变成“such cities as Beijing and New York”的样子。
语法要点：你可以将“such as”和“like”进行替换，不用担心后面所举例子的数量。
5.“people”能改写成“persons”吗?
如果本该写“people”的地方写成“persons”，会让英美国家的读者感到不舒服，如“Li Na’s story has inspired many persons”，就十分awkward，应该改成“Li Na’s story has inspired many people”。
传统语法有这样的说法：如说明特定人数时，用“persons”较合适，如“five persons”;如无特定人数，则“people”较好，如“many people”。不过，现在“people”前面加具体数字的做法已经被普遍接受了，如“five people”。倒是反过来“many persons”或“a large number of persons”看上去十分不合适。
语法要点：写作时不应用“persons”作为“people”的替换写法。“人们”写成“people”是最合适的。
6.“so”和“so that”的意思是一样的吗?
经常看到同学们在要写“so”的地方写成“so that”，如：“Nowadays parents are extremely busy in their work so that they do not have enough time to communicate with their children”。这个句子如果按照现在写成的样子翻译，意思就成了“如今的父母工作十分忙碌，就是为了让他们没有时间和自己的孩子交流。”很显然，这不是作者想表达的意思，这个“so that”的使用是错误的。
“so”是表因果关系的连词，可以翻译成“所以”，其后面的句子是上文的结果，如“It was late, so we stayed at her place for the night”。“so that”的意思则等同于“in order that”，意思是“为了...”，指为了达到一个特定的目的而做某事，比如这个句子“I’ve tried to hide my feeling so that no one knows, but I guess it shows”，翻译过来就是“我试着去掩盖我的情绪，为了不让人发现，但它流露了出来”。
增强托福写作表现力的几种方法
名词化就是将动词和形容词转化为名词来使用，比如 treat 转化为 treatment，这是动词转化为名词;happy 转化为happiness，这是形容词转化为名词。
A 宾语从句名词化
Before: I do not know either what she meant or what he intends.
After: I do not know either her meaning or his intentions.
B 动词名词化后，加上被动形式
Before: If people decide without enough persuasive information，...
During: If people makes a decision without enough persuasive information，...
After: If a decision is made without enough persuasive information，...
C 取代从句中诸如“the fact that”
Before: The fact that I denied what he accused me of impressed the jury.
After: My denial of his accusations impressed the jury.
Better: In denying his accusations, I impressed the jury.
D 用在“there be”的后面
Before: We demand that the government stop taxing entertainment.
After: There is a demand for an end to taxation on entertainment.
A 名词化部分作主语
Before: Our discussion is concerned with a tax cut.
After: We discussed a tax cut.
B 名词化部分作宾语
Before: The police conducted an investigation into the matter.
After: The police investigated the matter.
C 主语、宾语都名词化
Before: The instability of the motor housing did not preclude the completion of the field trials.
After: Even though the motor housing was unstable, the research staff completed the field trials.
D 连续多次名词化
Before: There was a first a review of the evolution of the dorsal fin.
During: First, she reviewed the evolution of the dorsal fin.
After: First, she reviewed how the dorsal fin evolved.
托福写作语料库：择校是关注就业前景还是教授名誉
教育类 + 两选类
When you choose a university, do you care more about its graduates' vocational development than its professors' fames? 选择大学，你更加关注就业前景还是教授名誉?
题目解析：两选类写法
主题观点：选择高校，有良好择业前景的学校更有吸引力
【薛鹏思路拓展】
支持就便于就业的大学：
1. 教育是投资，每个投资者渴望获得良好的回报(职业前景)，即是稳定高薪的有前途的工作。(例证展开)
2. 在专业有优势的学校学习，学生们更有机会成为专业领域的专家，有机会去名企或者为自我创业打下坚实基础。
3. 知名教授对于求学者也有吸引力，但是，师从知名教授有风险，教授可能会选择其他高校，同时，教授可能忙于自己的学术追求，无暇关注学生，所以，师从著名教授是有风险的。
【薛鹏原创语料库】
1. Education is one of the key words of our time. A poorly-educated man, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adversity, deprived of one of the greatest opportunities. 教育是时代的关键词汇，一个人没有受过良好教育，我们认为，是逆境的牺牲品
点评：谈及教育的重要性
2. Which is the chief aim of furthering one education? 人进修学习的主要目的是什么呢?
3. Those who are well-equipped with career-oriented knowledge and pragmatic skills will be more competitive in the future job-seeking. 学习以择业为导向的知识以及实用性的技能可以帮助一个人提高未来职业的竞争优势。
4. To specialize in those job-related courses is a necessary preparation for one to enhance future job prospects. 在和工作相关的课程领域变得精通是重要的准备，一个人可以提升就业前景。
5. When it comes to whether we shall choose to study in a university that ensure rosy career prospects or the counterpart that owns prestigious professors, people hold divergent views. 当提及到是否我们应该选择可以保障未来就业大学还是拥有知名教授的大学的时候，人们的观点差异。
点评：When it comes to whether we shall choose to …… or …… , people hold divergent views. 当提及到是否我们应该选择A 还是B的时候，人们的观点差异。
6. As I see it, however, it is always preferable and feasible to attend those universities that could conduce to graduates’ vocational achievement.但是，我认为，选择大学，应该选择可以提升毕业生职业成就的学校。
点评： it is always preferable and feasible to …… 我认为，选择……更加可取可行。
7. Many of us need to have a comfortable salary to maintain a decent life after graduating from university. 我们很多人大学毕业的时候，需要高薪以维持体面的生活。
8. In this sense, acquiring job-related knowledge will enable one to outshine other job candidates in terms of getting a reasonable career. 因此，学习和择业相关的知识可以帮助学习者在未来的求职中脱颖而出，找到理想工作。
点评：
outshine other job candidates v 使其他的求职者相形见绌
getting a reasonable career v 找到一份好工作
9. Although choosing to follow a famous educator sounds appealing to some extent， I still have a preference for being good at specialized knowledge in career-oriented domain 经管师从知名教育者有吸引力，但是，我依然喜欢在就业领域精通知识。
点评：be good at = excel in = be well-versed in v精通于 ……
10. Education is an investment in which every investor desires to earn high interests. 教育是投资，人人渴望获得高额利息。
11. top university = prestigious university n名校
12. sb will stand more chances of becoming an expert in a specific field v 某人有更多机会成为一个领域的专家
13. enhance one’s competitiveness in the future job-seeking v 提高择业优势 (重点背诵)
14. …… will lay a solid foundation for future self-employment v为自我创业打下坚实基础
15. Some possible drawbacks inevitably ensue 一些潜在的弊端随之而来
16. To study with top professors is never without its advantageous aspects. 师从著名教授远非没有其利好
17. Renowned college professors are too busy to educate or guide their students because they always have their own academic pursuit. 教授过于忙碌，可能没有时间教育指导学生，因为教授也许更多地忙于自己的学术追求。
点评：renowned = famous = prestigious adj 著名的
点评：prominent = eminent = excellent adj 优秀的;杰出的
18. To acquire job-oriented knowledge and skills so that one can better meet the requirement of relevant enterprises when entering the society. 学习和职业相关的知识技能，所以，人可以在步入社会的时候，更好地满足企业的需求。
篇4：大师教育：教育学专业基础综合统考篇
大师教育：教育学专业基础综合统考篇
《教育研究方法》属于方法论范畴。该学科主要探讨怎样解释、预测和控制教育现象，探测教育规律的手段、工具和方式。
教育科学研究方法有自己的特点，主要表现在以下几个方面：（1）教育科学研究的对象决定了教育研究带有很强的综合性和整体性；（2）教育研究周期长，影响因素比较复杂；（3）教育研究由于有科学研究者和实践工作者的参与，具有广泛的群众基础。
通过对教育科学研究方法的学习，了解教育研究方法的起源、发展历程，当前教育科学研究现状和存在的问题，理解教育科学研究基本理论和教育科学研究过程，尤其要领会教育科学研究的选题方法、常用的教育科学研究方法和教育科学研究成果表述的一般规范格式要求等等，并能初步运用教育研究方法基本理论和方法分析教育研究方法的合理性和设计教育研究思路等。通过学习该门课程，要求学员基本能运用常用的方法，如观察法、实验法、调查法等来探讨教育现象或研究教育问题。
一、具体要求
参照教育学统考复习考试大纲，教育研究方法的具体要求可以简要归纳如下：
1.具备教育科学和方法论科学基本知识
2.初步具备一定的统计和数据处理、分析能力
3.具备教育科学研究基本素养和观察、分析教育现象的能力
4.基本能独立应用教育科学研究常见的研究方法
二、复习提示
1.理论联系实际，切忌死记硬背
首先要注意对基本概念的理解和把握，研究生考试虽然是选拔研究型人才的考试，但是这种考试却一直重视对基础知识的考查，因此对教育学基本的概念和原理，必须有清楚和明确的认识，不能含混。尤其对教育研究方法课而言，很多概念都比较抽象，如“被试、总体、样本、取样、自变量、因变量、无关变量、误差、效度、信度”等，本身就较难理解，死记硬背就更不容易实现了。较好的方法是联系实际，将概念放在一个具体的情境中去体会。
2.复习时参照教材、复习大纲内容，结合复习思考题进行
习题在复习的过程中具有至关重要的位置。倘若平时只是进行看和记的训练，却很少练习解题，那么考试过程中就会因生疏而导致不适应感。
习题在整个复习进程的地位，一是目标――所有的复习环节都是为了能够顺利解题；二是标尺――可以通过模拟训练来发现复习过程中的问题和可以改建的地方。
［案例1］教育研究方法中使用频率最高的是（ ）。
A 教育观察法 B 教育试验法 C 教育调查法 D 教育测量法
答案：A
复习启示：结合此题，考生在复习时应注意上述各种教育研究方法的涵义和特点，及在实际中的应用。此题的着眼点是各种研究方法的比较。
［案例2］辨析: 准实验就是不控制无关变量的实验。
答案：错误。准实验是指不能随机分派被试者，不能完全控制无关变量的实验。准实验是不需要对被试进行选择、编组及实验处理等，而直接以原教学班为实验组或对照组，适合于现场条件或接近现实的模拟性研究，因此，虽然仍要控制变量，但变量控制不像实验法那么严格。
复习启示：此题启示考生理解概念时要抓住关键，在“准实验”概念的定义中，“不能完全”是关键词，意指需要控制变量，只是不那么严格。
3.尽量将每种教育科学研究方法和教育现象结合起来，理论联系实际，注重运用
虽然教育科学研究方法在统考中的分值不是重头，但我还是建议时间充足的考生尽量认真复习下该门课。因为有的学校在复试中会加大此部分的考察力度。还因为作为一门方法论课程，其作用在整个的研究生阶段和随后的工作中都会发挥极其重要的作用。
［案例3］以“乡镇初中学生辍学现状调查及建议”为题目，设计一份简单的问卷。
具体要求：（1）问卷中不少于5个题目；（2）至少有三种问题形式；
答案评分细则：
（1）问卷中有指导语、问题和结束语三个完整部分（3分）（缺少一项扣1分）
（2）有三种形式的问题设计（3分）（缺少一种形式扣1分）
（3）至少有5个问题（每个问题1分，共5分，缺少一个扣1分）
（4）指导语、问题设计、结束语等写得较好的，适当给1－3分。
复习启示：本题的评分细则特别重要，通过对细则的体会，我们能够找到得分点和需要注意改进的地方。比如遇到这种与教育实际结合紧密的`操作性问题，我们就明白首先要结构完整，要素齐全，符合要求，这是得分的基本要求。而这就指导我们在复习过程中重视基础知识，并有意识地运用知识去解决问题。
三、参考书目
首先向大家介绍几本受到广泛认可的教材，考生可以结合自己的实际和喜好自行选择。但一旦选好，希望能持之以恒地看下去，吃透一本书。
1．裴娣娜：《教育科研方法导论》，安徽教育出版社；
（该书是裴娣娜教授在博采众长的基础上而写成的。这本专著是她的长期教学经验的积累，全书对教育研究方法的一般原理、教育研究的构思和设计，教育研究的基本方法、教育研究结果的分析和评价，进行了全面系统的论述。文字朴实而贴切，很多案例帮助了读者的理解。）
2．郑金洲，陶保平，孔企平：《学校教育研究方法》，教育科学出版社，版(华师大)；
3．上海教育出版社，叶澜《教育研究方法论初探》
4．北京师范大学出版社《研究方法导论》
5．杨小微主编：《教育研究的原理与方法》，华东师范大学出版社；
6．袁振国：《教育研究方法》，高等教育出版社。
篇5：教育学专业基础综合统考:中外教育史篇
08年教育学专业基础综合统考:中外教育史篇
一、学科分析
中外教育史是教育学综合统考重头科目之一。考纲所提出的中外教育史的考查目标是：
系统掌握中外教育史的基本知识，了解教育思想演变、教育制度发展、教育实施进程的基本线索，特别是主要教育家的教育思想、重要的教育制度、重大的教育事件。
认真阅读有关中外教育思想、教育制度和教育实施的基本文献，特别是其中的代表性材料，培养严谨、踏实的学风。
能够运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的观点分析、评价中外教育史实，揭示特点与规律，总结经验与教训，为现实的教育改革与发展提供理论启示。
针对上述目标，提请各位考生注意：
抓线索――考生要特别注意知识的横向联系和纵向联系。纵向上，要理清按照时间顺序事件发生的脉络，横向上可以将中国教育史和外国教育史进行对比，帮助理解。
重分析――研究历史的作用往往是为了更好地指导现在，因此在复习过程中切不可孤立地学历史，而应注意分析和评价，同时注意积累分析评价的思路及要点。
中外教育史的内容脉络非常清晰，主要有六部分：
一、中国古代教育
二、中国近代教育
三、中国现代教育
四、外国古代教育
五、外国近代教育
六、外国现代教育
上述内容我们可以从不同的分类角度去把握。比如按照地域可以分为“中国教育史”（前三章）和“外国教育史”（后三章）；也可以按照时间分为古代教育（一、四章）、近代教育（二、五章）、现代教育（三、六章）；还可以从内容的角度分为教育思想史和教育制度史，用这两条线索来引领中外教育史的复习。
二、方法指导
1.从宏观到微观
由于这部分内容属于历史性内容，因此考生一定要理清时间发展的顺序，树立回溯历史的整体感。建议考生在复习时采用讲解或口述的方法。复习的思路：整部分――各章节――各知识点。为便于大家操作，我们以外国教育史其中一章为例进行说明。
复习思路举例
第一步：了解外国教育史的整体状况
外国教育史的发展经历了古代、近代、现代三个大的历史时期。外国古代教育包括远古的原始社会、中古的奴隶社会、近古的封建社会（即中世纪与文艺复兴时代）的教育。外国近代教育始于英国资产阶级革命，它包括资产阶级革命时期、资本主义发展时期、帝国主义时期的教育。外国现代教育始于19世纪末、20世纪初，包括了第二次世界大战前和第二次世界大战到20世纪80年代两个阶段。
第二步：章节学习
以第一章为例。首先明确本章学习目的及要求：通过本章的学习，主要了解国外教育的起源；原始社会教育的发展及其特征；学校教育的产生及其条件；东方文明古国的学校教育实践及其意义。着重掌握远古及东方明古国教育的发展特点和国外教育发展的.价值。
接着了解本章的基本框架。本章课程内容包括第一节、原始社会的状况与教育：（一）教育的起源，（二）原始社会教育的演进，（三）氏族公社时期的教育活动及其内容，（四）原始社会教育的途径与方法。在框架的基础上尝试解释：根据本节的叙述，我知道原始教育的特征有如下一些：1．教育是在劳动的过程中产生的。在原始社会，教育原与生产劳动直接联系(到了阶级社会才分离开来)，并为当时的生产服务；2．教育是一种社会现象。在原始公社，老年人对新生一代有意识、有目的地进行教育，决不是盲目不自觉的，可见“无意识地模仿”之说毫无根据。3．由于原始社会不存在剥削、压迫的现象，没有阶级，所以，教育也没有阶级性。那种教育属于公共性质，是完全平等的。在氏族社会，男女两性间的教育逐渐有所差别，这是由于社会劳动的分工所引起的。4．原始社会的教育是同生活结合在一起的、是多方面的。只因当时生产力很低，社会生活简单，所以教育的内容也较贫乏，教育的组织和方法都还处在萌芽状态(后来才渐趋复杂、丰富)；因此，我们在认识原始社会教育的性质以后，不可把它过分理想化。5．原始社会的教育为原始社会的发展情况所制约，它满足了当时社会的经济和文化的要求，与阶级社会中把教育看成特权阶级的专利品，并使教育与生产劳动脱离截然不同。因而对于当时社会的进步作出了贡献，它完全符合教育发展的客观规律。
按照这样的思路，继续学习第二节、第三节……
一章复习结束，再尝试总结：通过一章的复习，我理解了古代东方国家的教育是广大劳动人民血汗的结晶，它起源较早，内容充实，范围广泛，机构多样，且尊师重教，积累了丰富的经验，放射出人类教育的曙光，是东方民族的光荣和骄傲，是值得重视和研究的珍贵历史遗产。
考生可以仔细研读这个复习案例，尝试使用从宏观到微观的复习思路，体会这种复习方法的便利之处。
2.理清知识的层次
知识的层次既体现了知识在整个教育史体系中所处的地位，也指明了考生复习时应当倾注的关注程度。所以理清知识的层次很重要。
仍以第一章为例。按照学习层次的要求我们将其具体分为识记和理解两大类。复习时各个知识点应当把握到什么层次，做到心中有数。
（一）识记
1.为什么说教育产生于生产劳动？
2.原始社会教育的基本特点是什么？
3.东方文明古国学校教育产生的原因是什么？
4.东方文明古国学校教育的类型有哪些？
5.东方文明古国学校教育的基本特征有哪些？
（二）理解
1.简述外国教育史的历史分期和发展主线。
2.怎样正确理解“教育起源”问题？
3.简述原始社会教育的形式、内容与基本特征。
4.简述古代东方国家学校的类型及其教育特征。
5.论述学校教育产生的必要条件。
3.注重比较和联系
由于是教育史，这里大师教育需要特别提醒考生注意知识的横向联系和纵向联系。纵向上，要理清按照时间顺序事件发生的脉络，横向上可以将中国教育史和外国教育史进行对比，帮助理解。也需要考生在解答习题的过程中不断总结和发现，找到更多的可比较的“点”。
题1：夏、商、西周官学的基本特点。
启示：本题以“官学”为主要考点，贯穿夏、商、周三朝，建议考生学习时抓住共通概念纵向联系。
题2：《壬子一癸丑学制》与《葵卵学制》相比较，有几个不同点？
启示：本题以两个既有联系又有区别的学制项比较，问其不同点。建议考生学习时注意近似概念、近似文件条例的比较。
三、参考教材
1.中国教育史----孙培青版，《中国教育史》，北京师范大学出版社
2.外国教育史----吴式颖版，《外国教育史教程》，人民教育出版社
3.袁振国主编的《中外教育史》
4.王炳照《简明中国教育史》
5.吴式颖老师编写的《外国教育史教程》
篇6：托福综合作文转折词
托福综合作文转折词
1.否定
明显： no, not, none, neither, never, deny
隐含： fail to, absence from, lack of, refuse to, little, few
否定前缀： a-, ab-, anti-, counter-, de-, dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mal-, mis-, non-, un-…
否定后缀： -less, free-, proof-
2. 并列
and/or, like, likewise, equally, the same as, same/similar to, in the same way
both…and…, neither…nor… as well as, not only…but also…/vice versa
3. 因果
明显：because, since, for, as, due to, owing to, in that, so…that…, therefore, thus,
hence.
隐含：导致：in as much as, cause, lead to, stimulate, spur, spark, push, motive,
prompt, be responsible to
由于： derive from, result from, come from, originate from, initiate from
on account of, in view of, according to, rely on, depend on
4. 条件
明显： if, unless, as long as, in case that/of
隐含： suppose/supposing that, providing/provided that, on condition that，
except when=unless
5. 比较
明显： 比较级，最高级+than
隐含： 最高意义：maximum, favorite, outstanding, top
6. 转折
明显：but, yet, however, though, although, even if, even though, while, whereas,
nevertheless, despite, in spite of, instead, in contrast, contrast to
on the contrary, different from, differ from, conversely
隐含： for all;倒装+as;even+时间(even when)但不重要
超隐含： 时间，空间，事物对比
a- asexual无性别 amoral不道德的，与道德无关的 asymmetric不对称的
ab- abnormal 异常的abduct诱拐(词根duct管道、引导) abuse(ab-，-use)滥用
anti- antislavery反奴隶制度 antithesis(n.) 对立，反对antihuman 反人类
counter-CS (counter-strike), counterterrorist 反恐terrorist counteract 对抗、抵消
de- destruction 拆除decompose 分解
dis- dislike讨厌 disagree不同意 disappear消失 disprove 证明为错，反驳 disable 使无能力或残废
il- illegal 不合法的 illogical不合逻辑的
il- 加强illuminate照耀，照亮 illustrate阐明(词根-luster光泽 区分lust强烈的欲望)
im- impossible imperfect immemorial 太古的，记不住的immoral 不道德的
impersonal非个人的 (区分impersonate扮演模仿)
im-内 import 进口imbibe 吸入immigrate移入 emigration迁出
im-加强-impulse刺激，冲击，冲动 impel 驱使
in- incorrect incapable informal非正式的 incomparable 无敌的'，无双的
in-内 inside内部的 inland内陆的 inject注入，注射
in-加强 inspirit激励(sprite小精灵) invigorate使充满活力 inflame使发炎，使激怒，燃烧
ir- irregular不规则的 irresponsible不负责任的 irrational不理智的 irrelative不相关的 irresolute不果断的 irreligious无宗教信仰的
mal- malevolent邪恶的，恶毒的 malcontent不满 malfunction 故障maltreat虐待 malediction
mis- misunderstand误解 misuse误用，滥用 misfortune不幸 mistreat虐待
non- nonentity nonexistent nonstop non-continuous
un- unbelievable不可相信的 unequal不平等的 unfortunate不幸的 unorthodox非正统的(orthodox正统的(重要单词))
-less useless homeless rootless 没有根的ceaseless无休止的
-free bubble-free没有气泡的 talent-free没有天赋的 crime-free无犯罪的
-proof waterproof gas-proof soundproof lightproof
Generally speaking, China, absolutely, the third largest country which fosters 1.3 billion people consisting of 56 different nationalities, is a great and majestic country, but it is after all a developing country, when compared with the US, and is facing more crises than had some western countries done before, attracting the attention of the whole world.
篇7：托福写作满分作文学习精选篇
55 Some people prefer to work for a large company. Others prefer to work for a small company. Which wouldyou prefer? Use specific reasons and details to supportyour choice.
I would prefer to work in a large company rather than a smallone. A large company has more to offer in terms ofadvancement, training, and prestige.
In a large company, I can start at an entry-level position and work myself up to the top. I couldstart in the mailroom and, once I know the company, can apply for a managerial position. In asmall company, there is not as much room to grow.
In a large company, there are a variety of jobs. I could work in sales, in marketing, in distribution, inshopping, or in any department I applied for. I could be trained in a variety of positions and wouldhave valuable experience. In a small company, there would not be the same opportunity.
In a large company, there would be more prestige. I could brag to my friends that I worked forone of the biggest companies in the world. I would always have something to talk about when Imet strangers. If I worked in a small company, I would always have to explain what the companydid.
Working for a small company would not give me the same opportunities for advancement or on-the-job training as working for a larger company would. Nor would I be as proud to work for asmall company---unless the small company was my own.
56 People work because they need money to live. What are some other reasons thatpeople work? Discuss one or more of these reasons. Use specific examples and detailsto support your answer.
Although people work to earn money, money is not the main reason people stay in their jobs. They also work because they enjoy working, they receive job satisfaction, and they like the senseof accomplishment.
Most people work for work’s sake. They enjoy going to an office, or store, or school each day. They like to interact with other people. They like to help people solve problems, learn something, orget a product. People like to help other people.
A lot of people keep the same job because the job gives them a lot of satisfaction. They genuinelyenjoy what they do. This is true for most teachers. A teacher’s pay is not very great, but the jobsatisfaction can be very high. Helping someone learn is one of the greatest things anyone can do.
People enjoy their work because they like the sense of accomplishment. They like to know whatthey finished a project. People, who work in factories, take pride in the car they produce or thetelevision they assemble. When they see a car on the street, they can feel a sense ofaccomplishment. They helped make that car.
Money is nice, but it is not the only reason people get up and go to work each day. I believe thatpeople work because they enjoy the act of working; they find their work personally rewarding; andthey like the feeling of a job well done
篇8：托福写作满分作文学习精选篇
43 Do you agree or disagree with the followingstatement? Games are as important for adults as theyare for children. Use specific reasons and examples tosupport your answer.
Everyone likes to play games. Games are important at any ageto keep your mind sharp, learn new things, and maintain socialskills.
People say you can’t teach old dog new tricks. Modern research has shown that senior citizens cancontinue to grow brain cells by exercising their mind. Games are a great way to exercise yourmind. By concentrating on the tactics of the game, memorizing moves, keeping track of youropponents’ strategies, you can keep your brain functioning and growing.
Some games can teach you a lot. Games that ask questions, for example, will show you what youdon’t know. (Name the capital of Albania, for example.) It is always easier to learn something whenyou realize you don’t know it.
When you play a game, you have to be considerate of your opponents. You can observe people’sreactions and the way they interact as they play. It is always interesting to watch people. Maintaining personal contacts is important for everyone.
Regardless of your age, playing games can help you keep your mind alert, learn new things, andbuild friendships.
44 Awards and prizes are given for excellence in various fields. Do these awards andprizes serve a useful purpose? Use specific reasons and examples to support youranswer.
A prize or award, whether it’s the Noble Prize, the Academy Award, or Best Handwriting Prize, isimportant. Such prizes can have economic, personal, and social effects that enrich the life of therecipient.
Prize like the Noble Prize can be a cash award. But ever for prizes that don’t, like the AcademyAward, an actress who wins best actress will be offered more roles and a higher pay than actresseswho don’t win the award. Even for the elementary student who received the school’s BestHandwriting award may get a congratulations gift from proud grandparents.
The personal benefits of receiving any award are evident. Any award winner is pleased that be orshe has been recognized for his or her work. When people receive the Academy Award, they oftencry they are so happy.
Everyone likes to be with a winner. A person who gets a prize often has many new, best friends. Awinner’s social life is much better than a loser’s social life. The winner of the Best Handwriting prizemay not be very popular with his or her jealous classmates, however.
Awards serve a very useful purpose in that their economic, personal, and social benefits add to therecognition.
篇9：托福写作满分作文学习精选篇
49 Why do you think some people are attracted to dangerous sports or other dangerous activities? Use specific reasons and examples to support our answer.
Dangerous sports or activities attract a certain type of person. This person is often a risk taker, an optimist, and a fatalist.
People who take risks are found both in dangerous sports and business. But it is a special person who takes a risk with his own life as opposed to his money. My father was a risk taker. He put everything be owned into his business, but he stopped playing risky sports like horseback riding and skiing. Once his business was a success and he no longer bad to worry about providing for us, he returned on the age of 60, to the risky sports that he did as a youth.
Someone who plays a dangerous sport must be an optimist. They cannot imagine that anything will happen to them. They never think about breaking their leg while skiing, falling off a cliff while rock climbing, falling on their head while sky diving. They live for the thrill of the moment without a thought to the many things that could go wrong.
Rock climbers and sports car drivers must be fatalist. They might plan for potential problems, but once they have done everything they can do, the outcome is out of their bands. A motorcyclist when jumps across a narrow canyon will get the fastest, strongest bike available that will carry him or her across the canyon, however, wind conditions or other problems might interfere and the cyclist my fall short of his goal.
Many people have the same traits of course. Many of us are risk takers, optimists and fatalists. But I think people who play dangerous sports must have these characteristics in abundance.
50 Which is more important for success: the natural ability you are born with or hard work? Explain your opinion, using specific reasons and examples.
Without a doubt, hard work is a much better predictor of success than natural ability. In my experience, I have seen this at work in sports, school, and work.
Many athletes have a natural ability to run the fastest mile or kick the ball the most accurately. Unless they work hard though, they will not be stars. They need to train daily, eat properly, live correctly. It takes hard work to be Number One.
篇10：托福写作满分作文学习精选篇
45 Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important that saving land for endangered animals. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
In the past, there have been many endangered animals. Now they are extinct. Does it matter? Has our environment been affected by their absence? Has the quality of our own life been changed? The answer to these questions is “Yes.”
Yes. It does matter if we destroy an endangered species habitat to develop more farmland, housing or industrial parks. There is a delicate balance of nature. If one small part is removed, it will effect all the other parts. For example, if certain trees are cut down, bats will have no place to roost. If they cannot roost, they cannot breed. If there are no bats, there will be no animal, or bird to eat certain insects that plague our crops.
Yes. Our environment has been affected by the absence of certain animals. Certain flowers are pollinated by butterflies, which migrate from Canada to Mexico. Some of the breeding grounds of these butterflies were destroyed. Now these flowers are disappearing from certain areas. We will no longer be able to enjoy their beauty.
Yes. The quality of our life has been changed America used to be covered with giant trees. Now we have to visit them in one small park. Rain forests around the world are being cut down to make room for humans. We will never be able to see or study this fragile ecosystem.
I would encourage us humans to look for other alternatives for our farmlands, housing, and industries. We have alternatives; the animals do not.
46 What is a very important skill a person should learning in order to be successful in the world today? Choose one skill and use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.
The one skill I would choose for success is tolerance. I do not define success economically. I define success socially. To succeed in the future, we will need to be tolerant of one another’s background, opinions, and lifestyle.
The world is becoming increasingly mobile. We no longer are able to live and work only with people who went to the same schools and went to the same parties as our parents and we did. Now, we will work directly with people whose backgrounds are completely different from ours. We must be tolerant of these differences as they must be tolerant of us if we are to live and work together amiably.
We cannot stop speaking to people or start a war just because there is a difference in opinion. We must learn to be tolerant of one another and respect these differences in opinion. We have to find a common ground, an idea we can both agree on. Once we have agreement on one subject, it will be easier to settle differences in other subjects.
Different people have different lifestyles. We must accept these differences even though they may be different than what we are used to. Woman can live on their own, hold important jobs, and raise children on their own. Men can stay home and take care of children. Social roles can change and we must be tolerant of these changes.
To succeed socially, you must be adapted to differences. You must be tolerant of all peoples regardless of their background, their opinions, or their lifestyles.
At school, I have seen many very bright students do poorly on exams. They count on their intelligence to get them through. However, unless they do their homework every day, participate in class discussions, and study for exams, they will be the bottoms of the class.
Many salespeople can talk with anyone and convince him or her to buy something. They have a natural ability to sell. They must however apply some hard work to this skill. They must learn a lot about their customers, about the product they are selling, and about the market, they must put some effort into the paper work that goes along with the sale. If they don’t follow through, the sale will not be made.
Whatever the area, whether on the playing field, at school, or on the sales floor, a person must not rely on his natural ability along if he or she wants to succeed. They must work hard to be a success.
篇11：托福写作满分作文学习精选篇
39. Do you agree or disagree that progress is alwaysgood? Use specific reasons and examples to supportyour answer.
Who would disagree with the statement “ progress is good”? Without progress , there would be no change. Withoutprogress, there would be no change in our economy, ourstandard of living, or our health.
Progress is required to keep the economy moving forward. New products need to be developed; new services need to be created. Without progress, our economy would stand still. There wouldbe no change. Without progress, there would be no supermarkets with fress produce brought infrom all over the world.
Progress is required to improve our standard of living. Our homes today are more efficient and useless natural resources thanks to improvement in home construction techniques. Our clothes arewarmer and safer thanks to developments in textile manufacturing. Our educational system isbetter thanks to the use of the computers and the Internet.
Progress is required to improve the heath of the world population. Without progress, there wouldbe no vaccines against deadly diseases like smallpox. Without progress, there would be increasedinfant mortality. Thanks to progress, our lives are longer and healthier.
Progress is a natural state. Without it, we would not evolve. Without it, our economy, ourstandard of living, and our health would deteriorate. Who could deny the necessity of progress.
40 Learning about the past has no value for those of us living in the present. Do youagree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
People often say “ Those who don’t understand history will repeat the mistakes of the past.” Itotally disagree. I don’t see any evidence that people have made smart decisions based on theirknowledge of the past. To me, the present is what is important, not the past. I think that people, the weather, and politics determine what happens, not the past.
People can change. We can’t assume that people will continue to hate one another just becausethey have had hated one another for years. Look at Turkey and Greece. When Turkey had anearthquake, Greece sent aid. When Greece had an earthquake, Turkey sent aid. Now, these twocountries are cooperating and looking forward to improved relations. No doubt, if we looked at thepast, we could have thought this was a lost cause. But people change.
The weather can change. Farmers think that they can plant certain crops because these cropshave always grown well in their fields before. But the weather can change. There can be a longdrought. The crops that have always worked well , will die. A drought-resistant crop needs to betried. If we looked at the past, we would not have changed our crop and we would have lost ourfarm. Weather changes.
Politics an change. According to my way of thinking, politicians must be responsive to changes inthe people. If politicians looked only at the past, they would always say the same thing. Peoplechange. On the whole, people today care about human rights. They warn all people to have theequal rights. If we looked at the past in the United States, we would see a lot of discriminationagainst races, women, and sexual orientation. Now, that is changing. Politicians changes, too.
As a rule what is important today is to follow the mood of the moment. We can’t be looked in thepast. It doesn’t do us any good to think about the past. People, the weather, and politics canchange in any direction. The direction of this change, in my opinion, can not be predicted bystudying the past.
篇12：托福写作满分作文学习精选篇
35. You must select a person to teach others to do a job. Which one of the following is the most important for youto consider in making you selection?
1)The person’s education
2)The person’s work experience
3)The quality of the person’s previous work
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
Training someone to do a job is an important task. It requires a good education, work experience, and skilled job performance. Of these three requirements, I believe it is most important that apotential job trainer be judged on the quality of his or her previous work.
A person may be well educated, but not able to perform a job proficiently. A doctor may knowhow to treat childhood diseases, but not be able to train medical students to perform surgery. Anaccountant may be able to balance a company’s accounts, but not be able to help the company’sexecutives invest their money.
A person may have a lot of work experience, but not be able to do the job well. Time is not thebest measure of quality. A mother may spend 17-years raising her children, but not be able to trainyoung mothers to care for their infants. A typist may have typed ten-years worth of letters, butmay not type over 30 words a minute.
A person who does a job well is the one you want to be a trainer. I want to learn to fly a plane froma pilot who has faced a lot of mechanical problems in flight and never had an accident. I want tolearn how to make money from a billionaire not form a salaried investment broker.
As in all things, it is quality that we look for, not general knowledge or time spent in an occupation. Iwant others to learn from the best, so they can be the best, too.
36. Business should hire employees for their entire lives. Do you agree or disagree? Usespecific reasons and examples to support your answer.
In some business cultures, it is the practice to hire workers when they are young and employ themuntil they retire. In other business cultures companies hire people to do a job and then fire themwhen they are not needed. To me, the important considerations in today’s economy is jobperformance: speed and change. Loyalty is not a consideration.
Today there is a lot of competition and we need to hire workers who can perform a task well. Weneed to find skilled workers who can do a job without a lot of training. We need to match the jobto the worker, and, if the job changes, we change the worker.
Because of this increased competition, we need to be able to produce our goods or servicesquickly. We need young people who are willing to put in long hours. We need young people whoare aggressive and will push themselves to do their job faster.
In order to compete, we have to be innovative. By changing our workforce frequently, we canbring in new ideas. We must constantly be looking for new ways to do new things. We need freshworkers with fresh points of view.
Although a company’s loyalty to a worker and a workers loyalty to a company is a noble idea, it isnot practical today. Skilled workers do not want to be tied down to one company; they want theflexibility to improve their opportunities. Change makes the economy powerful.
篇13：托福写作满分作文学习精选篇
25 PR A person you know is planning to move to yourtown or city .What do you think this person would likeand dislike about living in your town or city? Why? Usespecific reasons and details to develop your essay.
A friend of mine from college is moving to my city, so I havebeen thinking about what she would and wouldn't like about it, I’d say the quality of life here, as far as fun and activities areconcerned, is very good. The quality of life isn't very good, though, in other important ways.
Living in a lager city is exciting, but you pay a price for it. There are lots of interesting things to do, and good restaurants with food from around the world. There are museums, art galleries, and lotsof movie theaters. However. the crime rate is high, and people have to be careful about wherethey go at night. There's a lot of traffic most of the time, and finding a parking space can be aproblem. There are also a lot of people living here. Sometimes it feels too crowded.
In a big city like mine, housing is very expensive. If costs a lot even if you're just renting anefficiency apartment. The good side is that there's a lot of choice about where you want to live andhow you want to live. You can find apartment of all sizes in different settings. Houses of equalvariety are available for sale or rent.
If my friend likes the great outdoors, she might be disappointed. Unfortunately, my city doesn'thave a lot of wide open green spaces, and there aren't a lot of trees on the streets. We're not nearthe ocean, and the mountains are a day's drive from here. Still, we do have some natural areas. For example, we have a beautiful big park. It even has a lake in the middle that's used for iceskating in the winter. There’s a different kind of beauty in the city.
Thinking about it, I suppose whether my friend likes my city will depend on whether or not she likesexciting places. I hope she likes a lot of variety as far as housing and activities are concerned. If shedoes, then this is the place for her.
26 AD It has recently been announced that large shopping center may be built in yourneighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why? Use specific reasons anddetails to support your answer.
There would be both advantages and disadvantages to having a shopping center built in myneighborhood. One advantage would be the convenience. I would like to have all those storesclose by. Shopping would be much easier and faster because I wouldn't have to drive greatdistances to get to the stores.
A shopping center would mean more choices, because there would be more stores selling differentproducts. I might have a movie theater nearby, because so many shopping centers these daysinclude movie theaters in their plans. Most shopping centers also have restaurants and a foodcourt. That means a greater variety of places to eat in our area.
Having a shopping center built in the neighborhood would also mean more jobs for thecommunity. Initially, these jobs would be in the building of the center. Later the jobs would be inthe stores, theaters, and food establishments.
Of course, these would be some disadvantages, too. Probably the biggest problem would betraffic. A lot of people would be coming to the shopping center. They’d drive through ourneighborhood to get to the center. In addition, if there wasn't enough parking at the center, theymight look for parking space near our homes.
A shopping center might also invite more crime into our neighborhood. Parking lots after dark are abig temptation to robbers. They know people are there with money to spend. The shoppingcenter might also become a place where unruly teenagers would gather. This could cause trouble. Our town would need a community center for them to go to instead.
On the whole, though, I think my neighborhood should support having a shopping center builthere, It would bring more variety to our shopping, give us the opportunity to amuse ourselves atmovies theaters and restaurants, and bring more jobs into the area.
托福写作100个意群词汇4
1.持某观点: claim ( contend reckon share the belief that ) 2. 支持某观点: advocate (maintain vote for side with be in favor of ) 3. 反对某观点: contradict (criticize be against cast doubts on ) 4. 合理的：justified ( sensible feasible convincing hold water bear much analysis) 5. 好处： advantage (benefit, merit, positive side) 6.弊端： disadvantage( defect, demerit, negative side) 7. 肯定：undoubtedly (indeed undeniably there is no denying that) 8. 不确定：be likely to ( potentially presumably) 9. 重要的：essential (significant, vital, crucial, critical, fundamental, indispensable) 10. 有益的：beneficial (conducive instrumental )
11. 有害的：detrimental (harmful virulent) 12.有争议的：controversial (disputable, contentious) 13. 普遍的：widespread ( prevalent, universal) 14显著地：considerably (significantly, remarkably, dramatically, tremendously, substantially) 15. 明显的：evident (apparent, manifest) 16. 增强：enhance (strengthen intensify) 17. 减少：decline (descend, collapse, relieve) 18. 大约：approximately(nearly, around, estimated, roughly)19. 趋势： trend(tendency, inclination) 20. 预见： predict (expect, project)
21. 带来 bring about (result in, lead to) 22. 引起 create (spark ; yield;; give rise to)23. 建立 establish (found, institute) 24. 要求 call for (request，demand) 25. 去除 eliminate(remove, eradicate) 26. 探讨 explore (examine, identify) 27. 描绘 depict (portray, illustrate) 28. 后果 consequence( aftermath; outcome) 29. 足够 adequate (enough; sufficient)30. 解决 tackle ( resolve, address)
31. 意识 awareness(consciousness) 32. 控制 curb ( regulate, censor) 33. 解释：account for ( be responsible for) 34. 投资 finance (invest in, subsidize) 35. 缓解 relieve ( ease, alleviate) 36. 压力 stress ( pressure, strain) 37. 和谐 harmony ( concordance) 38. 继承 inherit (hand down) 39. 培养 cultivate (train, foster) 40. 促进 promote ( contribute to, upgrade)
41. 适应 adapt to (adjust to, acclimate to) 42. 提供 provide (render, afford) 43. 替代 replace (substitute, take the place of) 44. 保护 preserve (protect) 45. 证据 evidence (proof) 46. 赢得 gain (acquire, attain) 47. 国外的foreign( alien, exotic) 48. 灾难 disaster (misfortune, catastrophe) 49. 发展 advance (progress) 50. 倾向于tend to ( be inclined to , be apt to)
托福写作100个意群词汇5
51. 吸引 attract (allure, tempt) 52. 专注的 be absorbed in(be immersed in, devote oneself to) 53. 目的是aim at ( The purpose is ) 54. 实现 achieve (fulfill, implement) 55. 危害 endanger ( threaten; jeopardize) 56. 损害 undermine (impair, damage) 57. 阻碍 hinder (obstruct, impede) 58. 禁止 forbid (ban, prohibit) 59. 责备 blame( denounce, criticize) 60. 污染 pollute (contaminate, stain)
61. 腐蚀 erode(wear away, corrode) 62. 欺骗 deceive (cheat, defraud) 63. 冲突 conflict ( shock, tension) 64. 驱使 prompt (spur, incite) 65.贪婪的 acquisitive(money-oriented，materialistic) 66. 自私的 self-centered (selfish, inconsiderate) 67.体谅的 considerate (understanding, sympathetic) 68. 冷漠的 indifferent (apathetic, aloof) 69. 奢侈的 wasteful (luxurious, extravagant)
70. 残忍的 inhumane(brutal, barbaric) 71. 绝望的 hopeless(despairing, desperate) 72. 过分的 excessive (extravagant, exorbitant) 73. 激烈的 intense (fierce, vigorous) 74. 严厉的 stringent (rigorous, rigid) 75. 奇怪的 eccentric (odd, peculiar) 76. 难以置信的 unbelievable(incredulous, virtual) 77. 惊人的 extraordinary (marvelous, spectacular) 78. 有抱负的 ambitious(aggressive, aspirant)79. 固有的 inherent(nature, innate) 80. 稳定的 steady (stable, constant)
81.恶化 worsen (aggravate, deteriorate) 82. 夸大 exaggerate ( overstate) 83. 限制 restrain (constrain, confine) 84. 拆除 tear down(knock down, pull down) 85. 加速 accelerate (speed up, precipitate) 86. 占优势 predominate (dominate) 87. 分辨 distinguish (differentiate, discern) 88.抵消 counteract (offset, cancel out) 89. 开展 launch (conduct, carry out) 90. 颁布 enact (enforce, promulgate )
91. 生活节奏 pace of life(rhythm of life, tempo of life) 92. 影响 influence(effect, impact) 93. 差异 difference (distinction, gap) 94. 交流 communicate(exchange, associate) 95. 接触 have access to (make contact with, keep in touch with) 96. 优先 give priority to (put…into first place) 97. 节约 economize ( conserve, cherish) 98. 参与 participate in ( take part in, engage in) 99. 措施 measure (step, action) 100. 注意 beware ( prevent, guard against)
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