以下是小编帮大家整理的如何备考人事部翻译资格考试，本文共11篇，欢迎大家收藏分享。
篇1：如何备考人事部翻译资格考试
翻译资格二级笔译备考：如何备考人事部翻译资格考试
一先要熟悉题型。
综合能力考试分三个部分，第一部分是词汇和语法，要求考生掌握词的含义，同义词和近义词之间的区别。语法部分，检查考生分析句子的能力。第二部分是阅读，有 50 道选择题。第三部分是完形填空，是一篇短文 20 个空，每个空只能填一个单词。在实务考试中，分为外翻中和中翻外两个部分。二级和三级不同的是，有必译题和选译题。选译题二选一照顾到了专业性，一篇涉及到文科方面，一道题涉及到理科方面，考生根据自己的专业、自己的兴趣自由选择。
二根据考试题型安排复习。
1 、把扩大词汇量与注重对词汇的掌握结合起来。
综合能力检验的是对词汇量和对单词掌握的程度，就是会不会用词。掌握一定数量的词汇和具备比较扎实的语法知识是翻译的基础，没有大的词汇量根本没有办法顺利完成翻译。考试前，应该如何准备才能在短期内，让词汇量有较明显的提高呢?翻译资格考试注重实用，以考核学生对语言的综合运用能力为主。
考生在掌握好基本的词汇同时，尤其值得注意的是一些固定搭配的词汇、俚语或成语，和在特定场合或在专业领域里有着不同解释的词汇。首先，可以对于词汇应先有一个大致的分类，比如，旅游类的专业词汇、政治时事方面的专业词汇等等。第二，还可以结合平时总结出来的出现频率较高的词汇作一个归类，这样复习起词汇来就更有针对性。第三，背单词合理的时间是自己的零碎时间，不是整块时间。应该理智地制定目标，我们的目的是在短期内 “ 识词 ” ，即把它熟悉到见到头脑中能反映出意思的程度，在今后使用中不断重复出现，就能牢记在心了，不要期望在短期内就能掌握并运用好一个生词。
我觉得背单词要用 “ 多管齐下 ” 的方法，首先要嘴巴去读，第二手要写，第三脑子要想。把这三个方面都要做好。如果是简单的背单词，今天背一百，明天再背一百，背到一定时候就会发现脑子里还是一片生词。翻译考试是要求考生有一定数量的词汇量(三级在 8000 左右、二级在 10000 左右)，但也是强调掌握词汇的质量，也就是说不仅要认识，还要能正确地使用。因此，词汇是要背，要经常复习，通过阅读和做一些翻译练习来不断地掌握词的含义和用法。在学新的单词的时候，也不要忘记把已掌握的单词弄扎实了。
2 、重点的重点：
阅读练习阅读是翻译资格考试中的重点之重点，考试综合能力阅读部分对于词汇量和阅读速度都有很高的要求。在日常阅读练习时，要默读文章两到三遍，速度可以稍微快些，以了解文章的内容为主，遇到陌生的短语和生词尽量不要翻看课后的单词注解或查字典，要学会从上下文的联系来掌握他们的含义。这样的能力对学员来说至关重要，因为在将来翻译阅读的过程中，我们难免会遇到看不懂或听不懂的情况，在没有老师可以请教、没有资料可以参考的情况下，只能根据当时的情景运用猜测的方法解决问题。另外，经过动脑筋猜测这一过程，再去记忆文章后单词短语，往往印象更深，花的时间更少。
考生们有必要运用一些阅读技巧，避免重复阅读，不要浪费宝贵的时间。翻译资格考试注重学生实际应用能力的考核，考试中的阅读短文来自英语国家的报刊、书籍，涉及政治、外交、贸易、科技、工业、农业等，因此考生平时的阅读范围也就要广泛。考生在复习阶段可以多熟悉这几类的新闻报道内容，对近期发生的新闻事件做到心中有数。在平时阅读中，选材要结合考试的要求和自己的实际情况，不可太简单，也不能超出自己的水平太多;还要注意对文章进行分段，总结段义，结合注释，精读文章。
了解了文章的大意之后，就可以从对文章进行细致地研读了，一方面要吃透句型结构、词语的搭配、固定短语在句子中的用法，另一方面也不要忘了结合上下文反复体会每一句乃至每一段的含义。我在精读难度较大的文章时，碰到难以理解的句子就常常回溯到句子所在段落的开头，琢磨上文与此句的关系，有时也会继续读下去，从下文中找到理解此句的线索。如果能够坚持以上下文作为学习的支柱，将来对文章思想内容的整体把握能力就会有很大提高，阅读理解能力自然也就增强了。当然，做到这点的前提是要具备一定的词汇量，否则也无法从上下文里找线索了。
我在此需要强调的是，考生还要阅读一些中文资料，丰富和扩大知识面，同时也能提高自己的中文词汇量和表达水平，为外翻中做准备。
精读文章的同时，应该做点短语翻译、介词填空、短文填空，这对巩固语法知识、提高知识运用水平很有帮助。这样的练习题很多，可以从专业八级考试用书、外文出版社出的全国翻译资格考试用书里也有不少的练习题。通过这些练习，进一步加深自己对词的用法和考试技巧的了解，也可以提高考试的速度和准确度。
准备完形填空和阅读理解题时，也需要将以前试题的相应题目逐一分析、总结。对于完形填空来说，可以总结一下哪些语法结构和搭配常在试题中出现，这些结构和搭配出现在试题里的时候，上下文一般会出现什么语言标志等等。完形填空更多地是考语感，考的是对文章理解的程度和准确度、考的是对一些介词和连词的理解和掌握的程度。
3 、翻译实务部分
笔译考试考的是实用性和实际的翻译能力，所以在笔译实务选材上，英译中方面更多的是选自英语国家的原文，更集中在英美人士写的文章。中译英一般来自中国的报刊、书籍发表的原文，大家准备的时候有所侧重，尤其是要注意掌握关于中国情况的基本知识、一些从中文翻译介绍给国外、世界的其他国家人看的报刊、杂志方面的材料。
由于客观条件的限制和以往一些对翻译的错误理解 , 很多人在英语学习的过程中很少或根本就没有进行过系统的翻译训练 , 更缺乏对翻译基本要求、过程以及翻译标准等一些常识的基本了解 , 因此在考前复习一筹莫展 , 无从下手，考试中也不知道如何是达到要求。任何事情都有其内在的规律 , 翻译也不例外。
翻译不是简单的语言符号的变化，绝对不是字对字的简单又机械的对上就可以了，而是两种语言所代表的文化之间的转换。这个考试就是考考生对翻译的理解和具体的翻译过程中的两门语言间的处理能力。翻译实际上是一个转换人思维的过程，翻译出来是英文，就应该用英文去思考，绝对不能用汉语去思考。
用汉语思考出来的句子肯定是受母语干扰的，经常想一想英美人会怎么说，翻译出来的句子才到位。这说起来是几句话，但要做到，非下苦功夫不可，需要大量的阅读来提高自己的语感，没有大量和广博的阅读，是不可能做好翻译的，无论是笔译还是口译，都需要平时的积累。一个词，一个句子的积累。经过多年的磨练和积累，才能悟出来什么是翻译，怎么样才是个好的译文，才能使自己的译文达到一个较高的层次。
因此，考生在备考时应通过大量的翻译实践，来体会和掌握一些英译汉过程中经常采用的翻译技巧 , 更应注意细心地体会英语和汉语之间的差异 , 总结其中的翻译规律，同时要特别注意考试的目的和要求。但要切记，考试不是唯一的目的，掌握翻译的要求、翻译的标准和基本的方法、具备了翻译的能力才是根本目的。
外语和中文之间的翻译是两种语言之间的转化 , 不仅要求有一定的扎实的外语基础，同样也要求汉语的水平要高。内容和风格上要忠实原文，要 “ 信 ” ，无论中译英还是英译中，首先要传达意思，外译中最后是给中国人看的，中文表达要符合中国人的习惯。外翻中的稿件，正确理解原文不言而喻是非常重要的，理解是基础，作不好英译中的首要问题是对原文理解不透，英语文章同样也有它的背景知识和背后的深层意思，这往往是中国人很难吃透和把握好的。作者写这篇文章的目的是什么，你对背景知识是否了解，是否做了研究、分析，有的时候还要阅读一些有关的书籍和文章来更好地把握原文作者所处的时代和文化背景，对原文作者要有更多的了解。第二是在表达上要流畅。在充分理解了原文及其有关的背景的基础上，原文意思的掌表达就是关键了。
如果原文是一篇很美的散文，如果翻译中文水平不高，译文就会成为一杯白开水。翻译过来的汉语常常有一种外语的味道，很别扭，需要润色，符合汉语的表达习惯，表达如同写一篇汉语作文!要在基本忠实原文的风格和文化、历史背景的情况下，有意识地发挥自己的写作能力来表达所理解的语义。
因此 , 考生在复习时也应该注意训练自己的汉语的学习和汉语表达能力的提高。学习外语的学生往往会忽视中文的学习，这是目前存在的一个通病。在很多目前译文和考生的考试答卷中 , 存在使用汉语表达能力差、用词不准、译文疙疙瘩瘩、违反汉语表达习惯和基本常识等现象。
中翻外的时候，要求考生具有一定的汉语能力，能对原文有比较透彻的理解能力。这两门语言之间的处理，就是考生的任务了。在选词方面，不仅要注意固定搭配的词组，还要注重单词的内涵。考生翻译后的文章，自己要先通读一遍，检查译文是否连贯、通顺。翻译一定要有全局观念，整篇文章的翻译要在风格、意思和布局上要有一致性和连贯性。
做完一篇翻译后，一定要通读全文，有不通顺的句子就会在通读中显露出来：有的时候译文看似通顺，但与原文差距很大，这是理解问题;有的译文有上下文脱离联系的现象 , 存在错译、漏译的问题;无论是从日常翻译标准还是从翻译考试的角度说，要想在翻译上得到比较好的分数，要对译文的全局有一个良好的把握是十分重要的，这个把握是在读懂原文的基础上，译文的风格要能比较准确地反映出原文的风格和所表达的文化的和所在时期的特征。
在日常翻译和翻译资格考试中，时常会出现熟词也不确定了的情况，这就要借助字典。建议大家平时至少要准备三本字典，英汉、汉英和英英，最好还要预备一本汉语词典。在平时做翻译的时候，查词典也是一个基本功。遇到生词，要注意看上下文，可以根据周围语义关系给它一个合理的译法，不一定要照搬词典上的意思。在英译汉时，要在使用英汉词典的同时，还要多查英英字典，以便了解词的深层次的差异，做到用准词、用活词，切忌从字典上找到个词就搬过来，很容易错译，或者把你引到一条歪路上去，导致通篇译文全错。在翻译中，第一要理解句子的语法结构;第二要理解单词在所给语境中的特定含义，这是翻译的两个主要基本因素。
提高翻译水平通过三个环节，一是选择难度适当、体裁广泛的原文，不要贪多，取一小段，根据自己原来学的方法、技巧等去完成。第二步请翻译老师、英语专家或是参加培训，请培训老师对译稿进行核对、进行润色。找一个更高水平的人对译稿进行分析，找出差距，系统总结，发现自己的薄弱环节是大有裨益的。第三步应该总结，修改后要仔细研读，用心分析人家为什么这样改，在今后的翻译中注意避免同样的错误，这样一点点地逐步积累，自然而然地就能提高翻译水平了。
考生们需要做的就是认真分析近年试题，以便在复习的时候有的放矢。现在的考试题目，越来越倾向于考察考生运用所学知识分析解决问题的能力，比如说，单纯考察固定搭配的题目有所减少，这就要求考生在复习的时候不要把过多精力放在死背课本单词和固定搭配上，而应该多拿出些时间熟悉出题模式，总结规律，体会到考试的要求和标准。经过对考题的分析，把握了出题思路，那些所谓 “ 难题 ” 的庐山真面目也就会一清二楚，考生们应考的信心也就会增强。
一个好的翻译应该是个“ 杂家 ” ，对语言、语法、词汇了解的非常透彻，对各行各业的知识、各个领域的知识有所了解。你不一定是经济学家，但是要了解经济学，你不一定是法学家，但是要对法律了解。我建议大家，如果热衷于翻译事业，要持之以恒，长期目标，脚踏实地一步一个脚印的去做，翻译不是一天两天的能成功的。翻译工作是个无底洞，每次翻译完了，还是感到有需要学习的地方。
汉译英的水平的提高，主要是提高英语表达能力，汉译英是从中文翻译成英文，读者是英美人，作这个翻译时要换个思维方式，中文翻译成英文后英美人是否能接受、是否符合英美人的表达习惯，目前我们的翻译作品中很多的中国式的英语，外国人是看不懂的。英译中，译文要符合中国人的阅读习惯，现在也同样可以看到很多从国外翻译过来的文章，很晦涩的语言表达，带有很明显的原文痕迹，这也同样不是真正的中文。
作翻译一定要虚心，还要讲究良好的职业道德。不懂的就要向专家或者书籍、词典请教，切不可不懂装懂，为了个人的面子或者经济利益而损害了客户和读者的利益，这样的例子在今年来也是层出不穷。翻译是中外双方联系和交往的桥梁，所以要为读者、为客户负责。从更大的方面说，要对我国的对外开放、对外的政治、文化、外交和经济交流负责。
翻译资格考试笔译二级测试题：西游记
这天，他们到一村庄，名曰高老庄，见一少年行色匆匆，似有急事。问之，答： “我家老爷三年前为小姐招一贤婿，不料是个猪妖。老爷让我出去寻能人异士除掉此妖。”
One day they arrived at a village called Gao Lao Zhuang and saw a young man walking in hurry, seemingly because of something urgent. When asked he said: “ Three years ago, my landlord married his daughter to a promising young man who shockingly turned out to be a pig monster. My landlord asked me to find a hero to get rid of him. ”
悟空说：“我能降妖，前去带路。”那少年将信将疑， 将他带回。高老爷见少年领回一个猴脸妖怪又气又怕， 见到三藏才放下心来。悟空承诺定捉此妖，高老头大喜，款待俩人。
Wukong said: “I can kill monsters. Show me the way!” The young man took him home with doubt. Seeing that his servant has brought a monkey monster the landlord was afraid and angry but he relaxed at the sight of San Zang. Wukong promised to catch the pig monster which made the host very happy so he entertained them generously.
此妖怪早出晚归。当天晚上，悟空变作高小姐模样， 在房间中等他回来之后便欲擒他，却被他逃脱。悟空急忙追赶，终在一山洞将他擒获，原来此妖亦是经观音点化在此侯取经人的。
The monster le山 early in the morning and returned late at night. That night, Wukong disguised himself as the daughter of the host and waited for the monster in the room. When the monster came back Wukong tried to capture him but he escaped. Wukong ran a山er him and finally caught him in a cave. Surprisingly he had also been expecting San Zang as Guanyin told him to.
悟空带他回去，面见三藏。再收新徒三藏很高兴，给他取名叫八戒。高老头为了表示感谢奉上很多金银，三藏婉拒后带上两名徒弟继续西行。Wukong took him back to San Zang who was happy to have another follower and baptized him Ba Jie. The landlord Gao offered a lot of gold and silver to show his gratitude but San Zang declined. Then they went on with their journey.
师徒三人一路上披星戴月， 风雨无阻。一日，他们到达黄风岭，路遇虎怪。八戒上前与之交战，几个回合仍不分胜负，悟空便加入战斗以期早些结束。虎怪落荒而逃， 八戒和悟空急忙追赶。虎怪将一石头变作自己模样，然
后飞回原地劫走三藏。They traveled rain or shine, day and night. One day, they were stopped by a tiger monster on a mountain peak called Huang Feng Ling, literally meaning Yellow Wind Peak. Bajie went up to fight him but several rounds later it was still a tie. To end the fight sooner Wukong joined it. The tiger monster tried to flee. Bajie and Wukong ran a山er him. The tiger monster turned a rock into a man looking exactly like himself and flew back to take away San Zang.
等八戒和悟空发现中计赶紧返回。发现三藏不见踪影， 二人忙四处寻找，发现一个山洞，洞口刻有“黄风洞” 三字。
When Bajie and Wukong found out the trick they hurriedly went back only to find Shifu missing so they looked everywhere for him until they saw a cave. At the entrance were carved three words Huang Feng Dong, literally meaning Yellow Wind Cave.
悟空让八戒藏起来，自己去敲门。虎怪出来查看，八戒趁其不备将其打死。
Wukong told Bajie to take cover and he went to pound on the door. The tiger monster came out to check and Bajie killed him when he was distracted.
黄风大王听说手下虎怪被杀怒气冲冲出来报仇。与悟空交战三十几个回合仍不分胜负。悟空拔下一撮毛变成一百多个自己，把妖怪围在中间。
When reported that his inferior had been killed Yellow Wind King, a mink monster, decided to revenge him. A山er thirty rounds of battle with Wukong neither could win. Wukong pulled a pinch of hair and changed them into over a hundred copies of himself who then surrounded the monster.
20翻译资格考试笔译二级测试题：西游记
黄风大王吹了一口气，变成黄风，把猴子们吹得乱飞。悟空眼睛亦被黄风所伤，败下阵来， 勉强逃到八戒看护行李的地方。八戒带悟空来到一农家休息。屋主是一位老人，取来药膏帮悟空医眼，并收拾一个房间供他们过夜。Yellow Wind King blew at the monkeys and a yellow gale dispersed them in all directions. The wind also hurt Wukong’s eyes so he had to escape and barely made it to where Bajie was watching the luggage. Bajie took Wukong to a cottage whose owner was an old gentleman. The owner got out some ointment to treat Wukong’s eyes and arranged a room for them to sleep in.
次日清晨，悟空醒来，眼疾已愈，发现自己睡在草地上，而非房中。他看到一张纸条，意识到老人实乃暗中保护他们的天神。悟空倍受鼓舞，叫八戒在林中候着，自己再探黄风洞。
The next morning, Wukong woke up, found the ailment gone and that he was lying on the grass instead of in a house. He saw a note and realized that the old man was in fact a god secretly protecting them. Wukong felt encouraged and asked Bajie to wait in the woods while he went to explore the cave for the second time.
悟空来到洞前, 变成蚊子从门缝钻了进去，见三藏被绑在后院木桩上抹泪。蚊子飞到三藏耳边说到：“师父，别难过， 我今天定拿住那妖怪，救你出去。”说完便飞到前堂去了。
Wukong reached the cave, became a mosquito, got in through a slot in the door and saw San Zang tied to a pole in the backyard, shedding tears. The mosquito flew to San Zang’s ear and whispered: “Shifu, cheer up! I will kill the monster and take you out.” Then he flew to the front hall.
妖怪坐在大厅，小妖进来报告： “大王，我刚才看到一个猪头和尚。却并没见那猴脸和尚。”
The monster was sitting in the hall and a soldier ran in and reported to him: “Your majesty, I saw a pig-headed monk but not the monkey-faced one. ”
黄风怪说：“孙悟空一定是被风吹死了，除了灵吉菩萨外谁也定不了我的风。”
The monster said: “Sun Wukong must have been killed by my wind. Nobody can hold my wind except Ling Ji Bodhisattva.”
悟空闻此窃喜，飞出洞外， 去请灵吉菩萨。他到来之后。悟空引黄风怪出洞交战，灵吉菩萨在空中择机丢下飞龙杖，宝杖变成一条金龙，一把抓住妖怪，往下一摔，妖怪便现出了黄毛貂鼠的真相。
That important information made Wukong very happy so he flew out and went to invite Ling Ji Bodhisattva. A山er he came, Wukong challenged the monster to a duel while Ling Ji watched in the sky. When an opportunity arose Ling Ji dropped his Flying Dragon Stick which turned into a gold dragon, seized the monster and crashed it on the ground. The monster turned out to be a yellow mink.
灵吉菩萨带貂鼠怪去见如来，悟空和八戒救出三藏继续西行。
Ling Ji took the mink to the Buddha. Wukong and Bajie saved San Zang from the cave and went on with their journey to the west.
师徒三人一路前行，至一河边。这河波涛汹涌，宽广无边; 岸边立一石碑，上刻三个大字：“流沙河”。见此情景又不见渡船，三藏不知如何是好。
Wukong, Bajie and their Shifu-San Zang walked on and on until one day they reached a river. The river was wide and the waves were huge and fast. On the riverside stood a tablet reading: “Liu Sha He”, literally meaning “Quicksand River”. With no boat in sight, San Zang didn’t know what to do.
突然，一人从河里飞了出来。只见他形容凶丑，红发黑肤， 颈上围着一串骷髅，手里拄着半月铲。八戒立即拿起钉耙向那妖怪打去，打了片刻仍分不出胜负;悟空见此，抡起金箍棒，照着那妖怪的头便打，吓得他立刻躲进水里。
Suddenly, someone ejected from the river. He looked ugly and scary with red hair and dark skin. He was wearing a string of skulls and holding a stick with a crescent on one end and a spade on the other. Bajie swung his rake at him. A moment later neither of them could beat the other so Wukong joined. But the river monster immediately jumped into the water.
悟空认为要过河须擒住妖怪由他引路，便让八戒下河去擒那妖怪。于是八戒在水底与那妖怪大战好几回合，佯败引之上岸。悟空立刻举棒赶来，那妖怪又瞬间潜回水底再也不肯上来。
Believing that they couldn’t cross the river without the monster’s help Wukong asked Bajie to jump into the river and catch him. A山er several rounds Bajie pretended to lose and managed to lure the monster out of the water. Wukong immediately swung his weapon at him. Scared, the monster dived into the water and never came out again.
此时，观音使者惠岸手持葫芦赶到，冲河中呼到：“沙悟净，快来拜见师父!观音令你等候的取经人就在眼前。”
At that time, Guanyin’s messenger Hui An arrived, gourd in hand. He called out: “Sha Wujing, come to see your Shifu! The scripture fetcher Guanyin asked you to wait for is just here.”
那妖怪忙浮出水面，飞身上岸，在惠岸的带领下来到唐僧面前，跪求唐僧收他为徒。
The monster emerged and came to San Zang with Hui An. Then he knelt down and begged San Zang to take him as his follower.
惠岸向唐僧说明了沙僧的来历，唐僧很高兴又收一高徒， 给他取名“沙和尚”，至此取经队伍终于形成。惠岸将手中葫芦投入河中，师徒四人乘坐这个葫芦过了河。
Hui An explained to San Zang his history and San Zang was happy to have another able follower and baptized him Sha He Shang, sometimes referred to as Sha Seng, both literally meaning Sand Monk whose another name given by Guanyin was Wujing. By then the pilgrimage team was finally formed. Hui An threw his gourd into the river and made it huge enough to carry all of them across the river.
篇2：2023翻译资格考试怎么备考
1、考试科目(笔译综合能力和笔译实务)、考试基本要求(掌握多少数量的英语词汇、翻译实践能力水平、中外国家文化背景知识)，等等。
2、笔译综合能力：词汇、双语语法、各文体文章的阅读理解、推理与释义的能力。
3、笔译实务：双语互译的技巧和能力，翻译用词和语法正确，达到每小时翻译速度的用词。
篇3：2023翻译资格考试怎么备考
1、明确翻译资格考试的等级划分与专业能力要求，考试设有四个等级，分别是资深翻译和一、二、三级口笔译考试，分别对应翻译系列职称的译审(正高级)、副译审(副高级)、翻译(中级)、助理翻译(初级)。
2、把握考试大纲标准根据考试大纲，每个语种的二、三级口笔译考试都分为综合能力和翻译实务两个科目的测试。
3、重视实践。
篇4：2023翻译资格考试怎么备考
考翻译资格证考试(CATTI)要看的具体资料，根据报考的具体语言和级别而定。以全国英语翻译考试笔译三级为例，可以看的教材是《英语笔译综合能力三级辅导教材》和《英语笔译实务三级辅导教材》，全国各大新华书店，外文书店，以及各大网络书店均有销售。
考试分7个语种，分别是英、日、法、阿拉伯、俄、德、西班牙等语种;四个等级，即：资深翻译;一级口译、笔译翻译;二级口译、笔译翻译;三级口译、笔译翻译;两大类别，即：笔译、口译，口译又分交替传译和同声传译两个专业类别。
全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试报名条件
该考试是一项面向全社会的职业资格考试，凡是遵守中华人民共和国宪法和法律，恪守职业道德，具有一定外语水平的人员，不分年龄、学历、资历和身份，均可报名参加相应语种二、三级的考试。获准在华就业的外籍人员及港、澳、台地区的专业人员，也可参加报名。
全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试科目
二、三级笔译考试均设《笔译综合能力》和《笔译实务》2个科目;口译考试均设《口译综合能力》和《口译实务》2个科目，其中二级口译考试《口译实务》科目分设“交替传译”和“同声传译”2个专业类别。报名参加二级口译考试的人员，可根据本人情况，选择口译交替传译和同声传译两个专业类别的考试。
报考二级口译交替传译的人员，参加《口译综合能力》和《口译实务(交替传译类)》2个科目的考试;报考二级口译同声传译的人员，参加《口译综合能力》和《口译实务(同声传译类)》2个科目的考试;已通过了二级口译交替传译考试并取得证书的人员，可免试《口译综合能力》科目，只参加《口译实务(同声传译类)》科目的考试。
翻译硕士专业学位研究生，入学前未获得二级或二级以上翻译专业资格(水平)证书的，在校学习期间必须参加二级口译或笔译翻译专业资格(水平)考试，并可免试《综合能力》科目，只参加《口译实务》或《笔译实务》科目考试。
二、三级《口译综合能力》科目考试采用听译笔答方式进行;二级《口译实务》科目“交替传译”和“同声传译”以及三级《口译实务》科目的考试均采用现场录音方式进行。二、三级《笔译综合能力》和《笔译实务》科目考试均采用纸笔作答方式进行。
全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试时间
二、三级《口译综合能力》科目、二级《口译实务》科目“交替传译”和“同声传译”考试时间均为60分钟;三级《口译实务》科目考试时间为30分钟。
二、三级《笔译综合能力》科目考试时间均为120分钟，《笔译实务》科目考试时间均为180分钟。
篇5：翻译资格考试备考避开四大误区
误区一 英语水平高就能翻译好
外语水平高只能代表语言基本功扎实，而翻译需要技巧，也需要不断实践、练习、研究、拓宽知识面。
卢敏指出，翻译工作专业性和实践性很强。翻译者要做个杂家，不但要掌握英语词汇和语法，还要对中国和外语国家的背景知识有所了解，并进行大量的翻译实践和积累，才能成为合格的翻译。
误区二 翻译就是造句
翻译需要技巧和规律。笔译综合能力测试的目的是检验考生对外语词汇和语法的应用能力，考查同义词、近义词、习惯语、语法规则掌握程度。
考试中很多考生语言基本功不扎实，时态、语态、名词单复数错误较多。他建议大家学翻译时，准备两本辞典，如英汉、英英辞典。很多考生图省事使用电子词典。电子词典的缺点在于未能详细说明怎么使用词汇。虽然翻译考试允许考生携带词典，但还是出现很多乱用词汇的现象，比如把名词当动词用，形容词副词混用、对不规则动词随意加-ed结尾等。英语非常注重词的深层次含义，考生多查看纸质词典，对深度理解有益。
误区三 翻译就是查字典
有些考生缺乏基本翻译训练，不了解翻译所需的技巧和文字处理方法。翻译涉及文、理、工科知识，政治、农业、环保、旅游等领域都可
能涉及。如果说词汇是建筑材料，那么语法就是建筑蓝图。好的译文是建立在理解的基础上。在内容和风格上要忠实原文。不管中译英还是英
译中，都要熟悉文章的背景知识和深层含义。翻译时要变换思维方式，中国式的外文外国人看不懂，同样，外文译中文也要表达到位，符合中国人的思维方式和语言表达习惯。
误区四 试卷命题有规律
网上一些培训机构打出“破解翻译资格考试命题规律”来吸引考生参加培训。
实际上，怎样命题，命题者都还在探索中。翻译考试内容涉及各行各业，什么素材都能作为翻译考试的素材，没有规律可言。
考生只有脚踏实地进行翻译实践，一点一滴积累翻译知识，才能取得满意的考试成绩。不过，考试虽然会涉及不同行业，但相关专业内容不会很深。比如，环保方面的翻译，只是一般科普性的、考生大多能接受的内容。考生平时可多看一些科普类文章，对通过考试有帮助。
篇6：上半年翻译资格考试二级笔译备考试题
Consumers: The Wild, Wild East(节选)
A booming middle class is creating the world’s most dynamic consumer market
消费者：狂野东部(节选)
中产阶级的兴起正在造就世界上最具活力的消费市场
Are you being served?
Much of this new economy is moving on from supplying goods to providing services. In most rich countries services make up at least three-quarters of GDP, but in China they account for only half. The rising middle class is demanding better services in everything from health care to finance to entertainment. Both foreign and local investors are rushing in to fill the gap.
Two decades ago films made by Walt Disney, an American entertainment giant, were banned on the Chinese mainland, but now China is Disney’s most promising market. The company’s latest “Avengers” film earned over $200m in local theatres in its first two weeks. In May Disney opened its largest-ever retail store in Shanghai. And next year Shanghai Disney, a $5.5 billion theme park, will be ready to receive the crowds. Dalian Wanda, which made its fortune in property, is building a massive $8 billion film studio in Qingdao and will be spending over $30 billion on theme parks across China, confronting Disney head on.
Kai-fu Lee of Innovation Works believes that service startups are capable of creating billion-dollar industries. He points to Helijia, a firm valued at $300m that provides pedicures in people’s homes. “They can train workers affordably; Chinese love getting pampered; and our urban density allows this… you can’t do this in Kansas.” His firm is funding firms delivering services ranging from haircuts to car maintenance.
Jean Liu, president of Didi Kuaidi, thinks the sharing economy will allow scarce resources to be used more efficiently. Her ride-sharing firm counts both Tencent and Alibaba as investors. It offers everything from fancy cars and taxis to shuttle buses and car pools – or even someone on a bicycle to drive you home in your own car. It clocks up 6m rides a day, far outpacing Uber.
Neusoft, based in Shenyang, a city in China’s gritty industrial north-east, was started in 1991 with just $3,000 by Liu Jiren, an erstwhile academic. It is now one of China’s biggest IT-services providers. Having created a computer operating system that quickly got ripped off, his firm nearly went under. That taught him the value of protecting intellectual property. When he was a visiting scholar at an American government laboratory, he noticed that academics worked closely with corporate researchers. That inspired him to invest heavily in R&D. Among many other things, Neusoft makes systems that allow medical records to be viewed on mobiles. It is also developing a shared-services business model for medical equipment that will allow users to pay by transaction.
What helped Neusoft take off, says Mr Liu, was that there were no SOEs to block new software firms. “The Chinese state today is technologically sophisticated… but that was not the case at the start of the IT boom,” says Mr Liu. “We got lucky because the IT sector was so new, so driven by talent, that the government didn’t understand how it worked.”
你在享受服务吗?
这一新经济的很大部分正从提供产品转向提供服务。在大多数富裕国家，服务业至少占到GDP的四分之三，但在中国，这一比例只有一半。崛起的中产阶级在各方面都要求更好的服务，从医疗保健到金融服务，再到休闲娱乐。外国和本土投资者都蜂拥而至，填补空白。
二十年前，中国大陆还禁止上映美国娱乐巨头迪士尼公司发行的影片，而如今，中国已成为迪士尼最具潜力的市场。该公司最新一部《复仇者联盟》在国内院线上映的头两周票房就超过2亿美元。5月，迪士尼有史以来最大的零售店在上海开业。明年，投资55亿美元的上海迪士尼乐园将建成迎客。以地产起家的大连万达正在青岛建设投资达80亿美元的影视基地，还将投入超过300亿美元在全国各地建立主题公园，与迪士尼针锋相对。
创新工场的李开复认为，服务业创业公司能够形成多个数十亿美元的产业。他以河狸家为例，这家提供上门美甲服务的公司估值为3亿美元。“他们以合理的成本培训工人。中国人乐于享受，中国的城市密度也方便上门服务……你不可能在堪萨斯这样干。”创新工场为从理发到汽车保养的一系列服务型企业提供融资。
滴滴快的的总裁柳青认为共享经济将可以更有效地利用稀缺资源。她的乘车共享公司背后的投资者包括腾讯和阿里巴巴。该公司提供各类服务，从豪华车到出租车，从班车到拼车，甚至可以安排人骑自行车赶来提供代驾。它每日订单达600万，远超优步。
1991年，从前是大学教授的刘积仁以区区3000美元起家，在中国多沙的传统工业区东北的沈阳市创建了东软集团。该公司如今是中国最大的IT服务供应商之一。东软曾经开发出一套计算机操作系统，很快就被剽窃，公司几乎破产，这让刘积仁知道了保护知识产权的价值。还在美国的一个政府实验室做访问学者时，他就注意到了那里的学者和企业的研发人员密切合作。受此启发，他大量投资于研发。东软开发的很多产品中包括可以在手机上查看病历的系统。另一种医疗设备共享服务的商业模式也在开发之中，它让用户可以按交易付费。
刘积仁认为，东软能够起飞，是因为当时没有国有企业阻碍新软件公司。“现在中国政府在技术上很有经验……但在IT刚刚兴起时不是这样，”刘积仁说，“我们运气很好，当时IT产业太新，太依赖人才推动，政府不懂它的运作。”
篇7：上半年翻译资格考试二级笔译备考试题
Mobile Telecoms: Wireless: The Next Generation
移动通信：无线：下一世代(节选)
A new wave of mobile technology is on its way, and will bring drastic change
酝酿中的新一代移动技术将带来巨变
Evolution or revolution?
渐进还是革命?
Technology divides the industry in another way, says Stéphane Téral of IHS, a market-research firm. One camp, he says, wants 5G “to take an evolutionary path, use everything they have and make it better.” It includes many existing makers of wireless-network gear and some operators, which want to protect their existing investments and take one step at a time. On February 11th, for instance, Qualcomm, a chip-design firm, introduced the world’s first 4G chip set that allows for data-transmission speeds of up to 1 gigabit per second. It does the trick by using a technique called “carrier aggregation”, which means it can combine up to ten wireless data streams of 100 megabits per second.
技术还以另一种方式分割电信行业，市场研究公司IHS的斯特凡·泰拉尔(Stéphane Téral)认为。他说，一个阵营希望5G“走上渐进的道路，利用现有一切，逐步改善”。这里面包括了许多现在的无线网络设备厂商及部分运营商，它们希望保护已有的投资，逐步改进。比如，2月11日，芯片设计公司高通(Qualcomm)推出全球首款数据传输速度高达1Gbps的4G芯片组。所运用的技术名为“载波聚合”，意味着每秒可以聚合多达十个100Mbps的数据流。
The other camp, explains Mr Téral, favours a revolutionary approach: to jump straight to cutting-edge technology. This could mean, for instance, leaving behind the conventional cellular structure of mobile networks, in which a single antenna communicates with all the devices within its cell. Instead, one set of small antennae would send out concentrated radio beams to scan for devices, then a second set would take over as each device comes within reach. It could also mean analysing usage data to predict what kind of connectivity a wireless subscriber will need next and adapt the network accordingly – a technique that the 5G Innovation Centre at the University of Surrey wants to develop.
泰拉尔解释说，另一阵营主张采取革命性的方式：直接跃升至尖端技术。这可能意味着，举例说，靠单一天线与基站覆盖范围内的所有设备作通信的传统蜂窝结构移动网络将被舍弃。取而代之的是，一组小型天线将发射集合无线电波束扫描设备，在搜索到设备后，第二组天线将逐一接管。这也意味着可能需要分析使用数据来预测无线用户下一步需要何种连接性能，然后对网络做相应调整——这正是萨里大学的5G创新中心希望开发的技术。
One of the most outspoken representatives of the revolutionary camp is China Mobile. For Chih-Lin I, its chief scientist, wireless networks, as currently designed, are no longer sustainable. Antennae are using ever more energy to push each extra megabit through the air. Her firm’s position, she says, is based on necessity: as the world’s biggest carrier, with 1.1m 4G base stations and 825m subscribers (more than all the European operators put together), problems with the current network architecture are exacerbated by the firm’s scale. Sceptics suspect there may be an “industrial agenda” at work, that favours Chinese equipment-makers and lowers the patent royalties these have to pay. The more different 5G is from 4G, the higher the chances that China can make its own intellectual property part of the standard.
这一革命阵营中最直言不讳的代表是中国移动。其首席科学家易芝玲认为，按目前的设计，无线网络难以持续。要传输更多数据，天线能耗会越来越大。易芝玲表示，其公司的立场是基于必要性：中国移动是全球最大的通信运营商，拥有110万4G基站及8.25亿用户(超过欧洲所有运营商的总和)，公司的规模进一步加剧了现有网络结构面临的问题。持怀疑态度者猜测其中也许存在一套“产业化安排”，偏袒中国设备制造商并降低这些公司须支付的专利使用费。5G与4G的差异越大，中国就越可趁机让自己的知识产权成为全球标准的一部分。
Whatever the motivation, Ms I’s vision of how 5G networks will ultimately be designed is widely shared. They will not only be “super fast”, she says, but “green and soft”, meaning much less energy-hungry and entirely controlled by software. As with computer systems before them, much of a network’s specialised hardware, such as the processor units that sit alongside each cell tower, will become “virtualised” – that is, it will be replaced with software, making it far easier to reconfigure. Wireless networks will become a bit like computing in the online “cloud”, and in some senses will merge with it, using the same off-the-shelf hardware.
不论动机如何，大家普遍认同易芝玲对5G网络最终设计的展望。她说，这些网络不止“超快”，还是“绿色和软性”的，即耗能低得多，且完全由软件控制。跟此前的电脑系统一样，5G网络的专用硬件(例如每一基站上的处理器单元)大部分会“虚拟化”，即会由软件取代，重新配置起来容易得多。无线网络将变得有点像在线“云”计算，而且在某种意义上将与之融合，使用相同的现成硬件。
Discussions have already begun about how 5G would change the industry’s structure. One question is whether wireless access will become even more of a commodity, says Chetan Sharma, a telecoms consultant. According to his estimates, operators’ share of total industry revenues has already fallen below 50% in America, with the rest going to mobile services such as Facebook’s smartphone apps, which make money through ads.
有关5G将如何改变通信行业结构的讨论已经展开。一个问题是，“无线接入”服务会否变得更像是一种日用商品，电信咨询师切坦·沙尔玛(Chetan Sharma)认为。据其估计，在美国电信业的总收入中，运营商所占的份额已跌至50%以下，其余份额为移动服务商所占据，比如像Facebook的智能手机应用，它们通过广告盈利。
The switch to 5G could help the operators reverse that decline by allowing them to do such things as market their own video content. But it is easier to imagine their decline accelerating, turning them into low-margin “dumb pipes”. If so, a further consolidation of an already highly concentrated industry may be inevitable: some countries may be left with just one provider of wireless infrastructure, just as they often have only one provider of water.
向5G转型，运营商或许可以通过销售自有视频内容等方式逆转目前的颓势。但更可能的是其业务加速下滑，沦为低利润的“哑管道”。倘若如此，这个本来已经高度集中的行业可能难免进一步整合：部分国家也许会只剩一个无线基础网络供应商，正如它们往往只有一家供水公司那样。
If the recent history of IT after the rise of cloud computing is any guide – with the likes of Dell, HP and IBM struggling to keep up – network-equipment makers will also get squeezed. Ericsson and Nokia already make nearly half of their sales by managing networks on behalf of operators. But 5G may finally bring about what has been long talked of, says Bengt Nordstrom of Northstream, another consulting firm: the convergence of the makers of computers and telecoms equipment, as standardisation and low margins force them together. Last year Ericsson formed partnerships first with HP and then with Cisco. Full mergers could follow at some point.
纵观云计算崛起之后IT行业近来的发展(戴尔、惠普、IBM这类公司难以跟上步伐)，如果有所启示，那就是网络设备制造商也将受到挤压。爱立信和诺基亚已有近半销售额是通过为运营商代管网络而取得。另一咨询公司Northstream的本特·诺思通(Bengt Nordstrom)表示，5G可能最终会令人们一直谈论的一件事成为现实：在标准化生产及低利润的压力下，计算机制造商和电信设备商将合二为一。去年，爱立信先后与惠普及思科缔结合作伙伴关系。日后可能出现全面并购整合。
Big, ugly mobile-phone masts will also become harder to spot. Antennae will be more numerous, for sure, but will shrink. Besides the rectangular array that China Mobile is testing in Shanghai, it is also experimenting with smaller, subtler “tiles” that can be combined and, say, embedded into the lettering on the side of a building. In this sense, but few others, the future of mobile telecoms will be invisible.
巨大而丑陋的移动通信天线杆也将变得踪影难寻。天线会变多，但体积肯定会缩小。除了中国移动在上海测试中的矩形天线阵列，公司还在试验采用更小型隐蔽的“瓷片”(tile)天线，可以组合并嵌入建筑物墙面的文字中。在这个意义上，遑论其他，移动通信的前景将变得难以觉察。
篇8：上半年翻译资格考试二级笔译备考试题
Autonomous Systems: The Computer in the Cockpit
Why partial automation can be more dangerous than none at all
One way to tell who made the aircraft you are boarding is to steal a glimpse of the cockpit. A traditional control yoke in front of the pilots suggests a Boeing; a joystick beside each seat, an Airbus. Pilots argue about which system is better; neither is considered safer than the other. Each exemplifies a different approach to a problem that manufacturers of not just aircraft but also cars, trains and ships must grapple with as long as human operators handle increasingly automated machines.
The challenge of what engineers call the “human-machine interface” has tragically gained attention after the crash of an Ethiopian Airlines Boeing 737 MAX 8 on March 10th. Eyewitnesses reported that shortly after departing Addis Ababa, the aircraft climbed and dived repeatedly. Similarities were drawn with a fatal crash in Indonesia in October last year. That time, the pilots of a Lion Air MAX 8 struggled, also soon after take-off, with an automated safety system that erroneously tried to prevent the aircraft from stalling by lowering its nose.
Although authorities around the world have grounded the model, Boeing insists that it is airworthy. The company is updating the MAX’s automated flight-control software to make it easier for pilots to assume manual control. Boeing and Airbus both pack their planes with computers that do most of the flying. Each, though, espouses a different philosophy on how a pilot reacts to them, says Mudassir Lone of Cranfield University in Britain. Boeings are designed to make the pilot feel like the aviator in charge. Although the control yoke looks and feels like something from the analogue era, the way it behaves – including shaking when approaching a stall – is created digitally by a computer. Airbus’s joystick is seldom used besides take-off and landing. A sound alerts the pilot to trouble; in an Airbus, he is more supervisor than airman.
The big worry is what happens if a sensor feeds the flight-control system the wrong data. This might have happened in the Lion Air crash, according to a preliminary report. Something similar downed an Air France Airbus A330 over the Atlantic in : an airspeed sensor iced over and the ensuing loss of data caused the autopilot to disengage. Unable to work out what was happening, the pilots lost control.
Switching from automatic to manual is not straightforward. Flight-control systems may not disengage entirely. Instead, they might continue to assist the pilot in an attempt to prevent a dangerous manoeuvre. When things do go wrong, it is critical that pilots follow the correct procedures, which are different for each model of aircraft. Pilots learn these and carry checklists spelling them out. Proliferation of systems necessitates frequent retraining. To make life easier for pilots, the MAX 8 employs a system that makes it feel to them like older, more familiar versions of the 737. But this adds another layer of complexity.
Incidents are not confined to aviation. In Washington, DC, automated trains have largely been out of service since 2009, when a faulty circuit made a stationary train invisible to the safety system on the one behind it. The driver was unable to brake in time; the resulting crash killed nine people. Ships may soon face similar problems. Some ferries and offshore support vessels have already replaced ship’s wheels with computer-assisted joysticks. A series of accidents involving self-driving cars may have been caused by sensors’ failure to recognize objects in the road, and drivers failing to respond fast enough.
Studies have shown that when people have to wrest control from an automated system, it can take them around five seconds to grasp what is happening. The monotony of monitoring a semi-automated vehicle may reduce vigilance by provoking what psychologists refer to as “passive” fatigue. Such concerns have led some car makers, Ford among them, to consider skipping semi-automation and go straight to something closer to full autonomy, cutting people out of the loop. That would remove the human-machine interface – but not humans’ machine-induced fears.
自主系统：驾驶舱里的电脑
为何半自动可能比手动更危险
要想知道自己乘坐的飞机是哪家公司出品，一个办法是偷瞄一眼驾驶舱。操纵杆按传统方式放在驾驶员座位前方的是波音，放在驾驶员侧方的是空客。至于哪个系统更好，驾驶员们看法不一，他们也不认为哪个就更安全些。随着驾驶员需要操作越来越自动化的机器，无论是飞机，还是汽车、火车和轮船的制造商都必须处理同一个难题。波音和空客展现了不同的解决方案。
本月10日埃塞俄比亚航空公司的一架波音737 MAX 8坠毁后，工程师们所说的“人机界面”难题以悲剧性的方式受到了关注。目击者报告称，飞机离开亚的斯亚贝巴后不久反复爬升又俯冲，与印尼去年10月发生的致命事故相似。当时，也是在起飞后不久，狮航一架波音737 MAX 8客机的驾驶员无法控制自动安全系统，该系统错误地试图压低机头来防止飞机失速。
虽然各国政府已禁飞MAX 8客机，但波音公司仍坚称该型号客机是适航的。波音正在升级MAX的自动飞行控制软件，方便驾驶员手动接管飞行。波音和空客的飞机都安装了自动驾驶系统，控制着大部分的飞行操作。但英国克兰菲尔德大学的穆达希尔·隆内认为，两者在处理驾驶员如何对自动驾驶系统做出反应上有着不同的理念。波音的设计令驾驶者感觉自己是操控飞机的飞行员。虽然操纵杆的外观和感觉都像是模拟信号时代的产物，但其动作方式(包括在接近失速时的抖动)是由计算机以数字方式生成的。而在空客的飞机上，除了在起飞和降落时，驾驶员很少需要用到操纵杆。出现问题时，系统会发出警报声通知驾驶员。在空客飞机上，驾驶员更像指挥官，而不是飞行员。
人们最担心的是，万一传感器向飞控系统提供了错误数据会有什么后果。一份初步调查报告显示，狮航坠机事件中可能就出现了这种情况。法航的一架空客A330客机也因类似问题坠落大西洋：空速传感器结冰，系统无法读取数据，导致自动驾驶仪解除控制。驾驶员搞不清楚发生了什么情况，没能控制住飞机。
从自动驾驶切换到手动操作不是一件简单的事情。飞控系统可能没有完全解除控制。相反，它可能会继续协助驾驶员以防出现危险操作。一旦真出现了问题，驾驶员按正确步骤处理是至关重要的。但每种机型的应对步骤各不相同，驾驶员必须一一学习并带上列明步骤的操作清单。新系统层出不穷，使得驾驶员需要频繁再培训。为方便驾驶员操作，MAX 8采用的系统在操作感受上沿袭了驾驶员们更熟悉的波音737旧机型。但这又增添了一层复杂性。
事故不仅限于航空领域。20，美国华盛顿特区的一辆地铁列车因电路故障造成安全系统失灵，撞上了前方停着的列车。自那以后，该地区的自动驾驶列车已基本停运。当时列车司机无法及时刹车，事故造成九人死亡。船舶也许很快会遇到类似问题。一些渡轮和近海辅助船已经用计算机辅助操纵杆取代舵轮。一系列涉及自动驾驶汽车的事故可能是由于传感器未能识别道路中的物体造成的，而驾驶员来不及反应。
研究表明，当人们必须要从自动化系统手上夺回控制权时，可能需要约五秒的反应时间来弄清楚状况。监控半自动驾驶交通工具的那种单调乏味可能会造成心理学家所说的“被动”疲劳，导致驾驶者的警觉性下降。出于这方面的担忧，福特等部分汽车制造商考虑跳过半自动化，直接采用更接近全自动的方式，将人类完全排除在外。人机界面的问题可能会就此消除，但人们因机器引发的恐惧依然存在。
篇9：翻译资格考试备考之翻译意识和技巧培养方法
翻译资格考试备考：翻译意识和技巧培养方法
翻译意识和技巧的培养需要涉及以下几个方面：
第一：要对翻译的重要性有深刻的、充分的认识，翻译的对与错、好与坏有时会产生绝然不同的效果。例如，天涯海角：不是the End of the World (应为Land’s End / End of the Earth) 。再如，一小时内免费送机票上门：不是We give you tickets free of charge within one hour.(应为We offer free delivery of your air tickets within one hour after your booking confirmation.)
第二：要善于仔细地、深入地、准确地理解中文原文的意思。这是因为准确的理解是做好翻译的前提。例如，摸着石头过河：不是crossing the river by feeling the stones。(而是wade across the stream by feeling the way )正确的做法应该是按照下面的步骤去做：
1.“摸着石头过河”的字面意思如何理解?
2.它有什么暗含或延伸的意思?
3.英语里有没有相同或类似的说法?.如果有，就可以直接借用;如果没有，是进行直译还是意译?
4.如果直译为 crossing the river by feeling the stones是否能被外国人理解?
5.过河是乘船过(crossing by boat)还是淌水过(wading across)，动词用什么形式?
6.这里的河是大河、中河还是小河 (river, stream, brook, etc.)?
7.摸的方式是用手摸还是用脚触?
8.石头是大石头还是小石头(rock, stone, pebble, etc.)?
9.如果意译为 learning by experiment / by trial and error是否可取?
10.直译和意译相结合wading across the stream by feeling the way如何?
第三：中文和英文的对应词有时意思并不相同或者不完全相同，不能照字面翻译。例如，他的英语说得真好，就像外国人一样。不是He speaks English so well, he sounds like a foreigner.而是He speaks English so well, he sounds like a native speaker.
拉动经济增长：不是pull economic growth，而是push/lift/increase/boost/stimulate/spur/drive/fuel/speed up/accelerate/generate/ fire up/ propel/ facilitate/reinforce/aid/assist/support/promote/encourage/foster/(sustain/maintain)。素质教育：不是quality education，而是caliber-focused education 或trait-centered education。
第四：有时候中文字面的意思表达不充分，部分信息被省略了或被隐藏起来了。例如，特区是个窗口，是技术的窗口，管理的窗口，知识的窗口，也是对外政策的窗口。不是：The special zone is a window. It is a widow for introducing technology, management and knowledge. It is also a window for foreign policy. 而是The special economic zones are a window opening onto the outside world. They are a window through which to bring in from abroad sophisticated technology, advanced managerial expertise and up-to-date know-how. It is also a window through which to disseminate China’s external policies.
再如，退耕还林：不是return farmland to forest，而应该是restore “woodland-converted farm-plots” back for afforesting 。春运：不是spring transportation，而是the rush / peak season of passenger transportation during the Spring Festival。
第五：有些中文词语没有什么特殊涵义，而与之相对应的英文词语却有着特殊的涵义。例如，与“便宜”、“价廉”相对应的“cheap,”它有时候会带有贬义，成为“质次价低”的意，如cheap jewelries, cheap dresses, cheap furniture 等。我们可以说I bought a cheap watch for my child，对小孩无所谓;但不能说I bought a cheap dress for my girlfriend. 因为这样说会冒犯对方。在后一种情况下必须用inexpensive一词。
第六：避免用中式英语进行表达，而要尽量用地道的英语进行表达。假如我们要把“我过去学过一些法语，但现在都忘了，都还给老师了”这句话翻译成英语，最好不要说 I learned some French in the past. Now I have forgotten it. I’ve returned it to the teacher. 比较好的说法是 I used to know some French, but I’ve forgotten it. It has found its way back to my teacher.
再比如我们要用英语说“我攒了一大堆赃衣服，等着周末来洗，”最好不要说I have accumulated a large amount of dirty clothes. I’m going to wash them at the weekend. 比较好的说法是 I have a lot of laundry to catch up at the weekend.
第七：根据不同场合，英语的表达有庄重(formal) 与随意(informal) 之分。比如“禁止吸烟”(No Smoking)、“请勿吸烟”(Thank you for not smoking) 和“为了您和他人的健康，请勿在此吸烟”(For hygiene’s sake, please refrain yourself from smoking in this room.)下面两组例子中都各包含有formal- normal - informal 三种文体风格(style):
Please await instructions before dispatching items.
Please wait for instructions before sending items off.
Don’t send anything off until you’re told to do so.
Essential measures should be undertaken at the earliest opportunity.
One should undertake any necessary measures at the earliest opportunity.
You should do whatever you have to as soon as you can.
第八：要注意各行各业的不同术语的选择。比如我们要把“专业签证人员”翻译成英语，那么我们就要按照外交用语的习惯把它翻译为visa officers，而不应该照字面上翻译成specialized visa personnel。“安居工程” 的英译不是housing project for low-income urban residents，而应该按照社会经济用语的习惯翻译为the Affordable Housing Program; “信息化”的英译不是informatization 或informationization，而应该按照高科技行业习惯翻译为the spreading / sweeping information explosion / the information explosion process / trend; “外资企业”的英译不是overseas-funded enterprises,而应该按照外贸行业习惯翻译为enterprises with foreign investment / enterprises with foreign elements;再比如，高速公路上的警示语“请勿疲劳驾驶，”翻译成英语不是Don’t drive tiredly，按照交通法规术语应该翻译为Drowsy driving is dangerous 或Drive alert, arrive alive。
第九：注意汉语和英语之间的文化差异。把“相声”翻译成英语不能只是翻译其形式，还要翻译其内涵。翻译成cross talk 外国人不明白;不如翻译为comic dialogue 更好懂。再如，假设我们要把“以外贸为龙头”翻译成英语，能不能直接翻译为with foreign trade as the dragon head呢?这样翻译是很难让外国人明白的，因为“以……为龙头”这个说法是源自耍龙灯的习俗，而多数外国人不一定熟悉中国人的这一习俗。为了取得好的翻译效果，最好是用能够跨越文化障碍的表达方法，如“火车头”或“旗舰”：with foreign trade as the locomotive / flagship。
但是不能机械地对待一切类似的翻译问题，我们的头脑里应该有一点辩证法。比如汉语的“鱼米之乡”(land of fish and rice)，在英语里有一个类似的说法land of milk and honey，但由于land of fish and rice 外国人也能理解，不会造成跨化交流的障碍，所以我们可以采用land of fish and rice的说法，以保留一点中国的特色。
第十：对于暗含的意思，必须把它明白地翻译出来，这样便于外国读者理解。例如，”东边日出西边雨，道是无晴却有晴”中的“晴”字，它是个双关语，有“天晴”和“爱情”的双重意思。我们在翻译的时候，必须做到二者兼顾：
It’s sunny in the east but in the west it’s raining hard.
Whether rain or sunshine, he’s the sunshine in my heart.
再如，“这种鞋油为您足下增光”中的“足下”也是个双关语，翻译的时候也必须把两层意思都表达出来：This shoe shine shines your shoes and you look great.
第十一：有时候，比如翻译诗句，光翻译字面上的意思是不够的，还必须把字里行间的深度、力量和美感表达出来。例如，朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨：不是 Wines and meats become rotten in the mansions; Dead bones become rotten at the doors of them， 而是：In the mansions, rolling luxury allows wine and meat to go rotten away;On the streets, grinding poverty causes dead bodies to freeze and decay.
第十二：汉语和英语在语法语序和句子结构上都有很大的差别。因此，在进行中译英的时候必须要考虑到这些方面的变化。例如，改革开放开放取得了巨大的成就：不是The economic reform and the opening-up have made great achievements. 而是把“巨大的成就”当作主语，把主动语态变成被动语态：Great achievements have been made in the economic reform and in our efforts to open-up China to the outside world.
综上所述，一个好的翻译人员必须具有高屋见瓴的视角，要懂得翻译的真谛是什么。要想提高汉英翻译水平，必须加强对上述各种意识的培养。必须养成多层次、多角度的思维习惯。
翻译资格考试笔译三级模拟题
网络属于每个人，也属于所有人，需要大家共同建设，共同治理。互联网治理是全球治理的重要组成部分。国际社会应共同努力，构建一个公正合理的互联网全球治理体系。
As the Internet is open to everyone, it needs to be built and managedby all. The governance of the Internet is an important part of global governance. The international community should work together to build a global Internet governance system that is fair and equitable.
网络为世界经济增长和实现千年发展目标提供了强劲动力，在未来全球发展议程中也占据着极为重要的位置。
The Internet is a strong driving force for world economic growth and achievement of the Millennium Development Goals and takes an important place in the future global development agenda.
21世纪是网络和信息化的世纪。作为拥有6.18亿网民的网络大国，中国高度重视网络安全和信息化工作，致力于不断提高自身网络安全水平。
The 21st century is an era of the Internet and IT application. As amajor cyber state with 618 million Internet users, China attaches great importance to cyber security and IT application and is committed to improving its level of cyber security.
中国始终是网络空间的建设者、维护者和贡献者，致力于与国际社会携手共建和平、安全、开放、合作的网络空间。
China has always been contributing its part to building and maintaining cyber space and committed to working with the rest of the international community to create a peaceful, secure, open and cooperative cyber space.
在当前网络空间事端频发的背景下，各方应在相互尊重和信任的基础上，以建设性态度开展对话，合作解决分歧。
Amidst the frequent occurrence of incidents in cyber space, parties concerned should take a constructive approach, engage in dialogue on the basis of mutual respect and trust, and resolve differences through cooperation.
信息和通信技术的快速发展，深刻影响着人类经济和社会生活的方方面面，为人类文明发展与进步提供了全新的数字机遇，同时带来了前所未有的挑战。
The fast growth of the information and communication technology (ICT) has exerted profound impacts on all aspects of social and economic life of mankind, and offered brand new digital opportunities for the advancement of human civilization. But at the same time, it has also brought unprecedented challenges.
网络犯罪和网络恐怖主义呈蔓延之势，个别国家大规模网络数据监控活动严重侵犯别国主权和公民隐私，网络攻击事件和军事化倾向损害国际安全与互信，全球范围内互联网发展不平衡的状况亟待改善。
Cybercrime and terrorism have been on the rise. The massive-scalesurveillance activities by an individual country have severely infringed on other countries’ sovereignty and their citizen’s privacy. Cyber-attacks and militarized tendency in cyber space can diminish international security and mutual trust, and the imbalanced development of the Internet worldwide needs to be corrected in a timely way.
网络空间是一个新空间，需要我们倍加珍惜。维护网络空间的安全、稳定与繁荣，是国际社会的共同责任。
Cyber space is a new frontier that deserves our special care. The international community has a shared responsibility to maintain security, stability and prosperity in cyber space.
2020翻译资格考试笔译三级模拟题
在此，我谨代表中国政府，对大会的召开表示热烈祝贺，对远道而来的各位嘉宾表示诚挚欢迎，对长期致力于全球旅游事业发展的各界人士致以崇高敬意!
On behalf of the Chinese government, let me offer warm congratulations on the opening of the conference. I also express sincere welcome to all guests coming from afar, and pay high tribute to those who have long been committed to the development of tourism in the world.
旅游是人类对美好生活的向往与追求，是认识新鲜事物和未知世界的重要途径。
Travel and tourism makes part of the human pursuit for better life; it opens a way to the new and the unknown world.
中国经济保持较高增长速度，居民收入不断增加，交通条件日趋改善，越来越多的人外出旅游。
As the economy grew faster and people’ s income got higher, more and more people could afford to travel. This is even more so whentransportation in China is being made increasingly easier.
even more so 甚至更是如此
中国地域辽阔，历史悠久，民族众多，有着壮美秀丽的自然风光、光辉灿烂的传统文化、各具特色的民族风情，发展旅游业的优势和潜力巨大。
China is a huge country. It has a long history, a splendid culture and enchanting natural scenery. The Chinese population is multi-ethnic,each with its own uniqueness. All this could be translated into advantage and potential for tourism development.
此段英译用到了篇章段落调整，并没有严格依据原文句子顺序。
旅游业对中国GDP的直接贡献率为4.9%，综合贡献率达10.8%。
In , direct contribution and aggregate contribution of tourism to China’s GDP was 4.9% and 10.8% respectively.
但目前中国旅游业发展水平还不高，对国民经济的贡献率仍低于世界平均水平。
That said, tourism is not contributing as much to the economy in China as it does in many other countries.
20，中国旅游业直接就业人数近2800万人，加上间接就业总计吸纳8000万人就业，约占全国就业总数的10%。
In 2015, China’s tourism industry directly employed 28 million people, and the total number of jobs created, directly or indirectly, was 80 million. That was roughly 10% of the number of all jobs in the country.
旅游是人与人最直接、最自然的交流方式，是开放的窗口、友谊的纽带、和平的使者。
Tourism is the most direct and natural way of people-to-people exchange. It is a window of openness, a bond of friendship and a messenger of peace.
旅游可以加深理解、减少偏见、增进包容，在促进世界和平中有着独特作用。
Tourism helps deepen understanding, reduce prejudice and enhance inclusiveness. It thus has a special role to play in ensuring world peace.
各国应深化多形式、多层次的旅游合作，加深不同民族和文化之间的尊重、包容和理解，为促进人民友好奠定坚实的基础。
Countries need to step up tourism cooperation in various forms and at multiple levels, and need to deepen respect, accommodation and understanding of the different ethnic groups and cultures in the world, so as to strengthen the foundation for friendship.
旅游作为增长最快、最具韧性的产业部门之一，在促进世界经济复苏中承担着重要作用。据世界银行估算，旅游业每消费1美元，可为全球带来3.2美元的经济增长。
Tourism, which is among the fastest growing and highly resilient of all sectors, plays a vital role in stimulating global economic recovery. According to the World Bank, one dollar of consumption in tourism can generate 3.2 dollars of growth globall
目前，旅游业贡献了全球约10%的GDP、30%的服务出口，是名副其实的第一大产业。未来15年，国际游客数量将由12亿人次增长至18亿人次。
Tourism now contributes to about 10% of global GDP and some 30% of services exports worldwide. It surely stands out as the largest sector in the economic mix. In the next 15 years, the number of international visits worldwide will increase from 1.2 billion to 1.8 billion.
2020翻译资格考试笔译三级模拟题
上海是个大熔炉，居民多数是移民，这使得上海发展了多姿多彩的文化，拥有大批著名的艺术家和文艺团体。
Shanghai is a big melting pot with a population largely made up of migrants. This has lead to the development of the city’s colorful culture. Shanghai Boasts a large number of celebrated artists and performing troupes.
许多世界级的音乐家和艺术家都曾到上海表演，上海还定期举办国际电视电影和艺术节。这些活动都吸引了许多国内外参加者，为上海观众带来了大量高品质的节目。
Many world-class musicians and artist have come to perform in Shanghai. The city regularly host international TV, film and art festivals. These events have drawn many domestic and overseasparticipants and brought an abundance of high-quality programs to Shanghai audiences.
天津，渤海湾上的一颗璀璨的宝石，通往中华人民共和国首都的大门。这座城市拥有悠久而光辉的历史。如今，从形形色色优美的建筑中，古玩市场迂回的街道上林林总总新奇的古玩里，从散落在城市各处的富有宗教风格的大量建筑中，旅行者仍然可以品味到天津悠久的历史。
Tianjin, also known as the diamond of the Bohai Gulf and the gate way to the capital of the People’s Republic of China, has a long andillustrious history. For the visitors today, this legacy can still beglimpsed, in the varied and beautiful architecture, amongst theantiques to be found in the winding streets of the antique market, and with visits to the profusion of religious buildings the litter the city.
illustrious /i'l?stri?s/
卓越的，杰出的，著名的
(事迹等)辉煌的，灿烂的
[古语]发光的;有光泽的;明亮的
天津高新技术产业园区是经国务院批准的首批高新技术工业发展区。第一个国内软件及服务外包工业基地和超压缩辅助服务项目的开始建设，标志着国内软件及服务外包基地在天津高新园区建设开始进入实施阶段。
Tianjin High-Tech Developmental Park is one of the first-group high-tech industrial development areas approved by the State Council. The first construction project in National Software and Service Outsourcing Industry Base and Compressive Auxiliary Service Areamarks that National Software and Service Outsourcing Industry Base in Tianjin High-Tech Developmental Park has entered the construction stage.
在四个中央直辖市中，重庆是唯一一个位于东西部交汇处的城市，而其他额直辖市，北京、天津和上海都位于中国东部地区。重庆人口超过3000万，面积 82 000平方公里，承重山河交错，因此旅游资源十分丰富。重庆的中心城区，被在朝天门外交汇的长江和嘉陵江所包围，依山而建，河流环保，因此重庆也被称为“山城”。
Of the four municipalities directly under the Chinese central government, Chongqing is the only one that is located at the joining sector of eastern China and western China, while the other three, Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai, are all located in eastern China. With a population of over 30 million and an area of 82 000 square kilometers crisscrossed by mountains and rivers, Chongqing is richly endowed with tourist resource. The downtown area, embraced by the Yangtze and Jialing River that join at Chaotianmen, is a city built on hillside and surrounded by rivers, and therefore, Chongqing is also known as a mountain city.
2020翻译资格考试笔译三级模拟题
9亿多劳动力、1亿多受过高等教育和有专业技能的人才，是我们最大的资源和优势。
A workforce of over 900 million, of whom over 100 million have received higher education or are professionally trained: this is our greatest resource and strength.
今年拟安排财政赤字2.18万亿元，比去年增加5600亿元，赤字率提高到3%。其中，中央财政赤字1.4万亿元，地方财政赤字7800亿元。
The government deficit for is projected to be 2.18 trillion yuan, an increase of 560 billion yuan over last year, meaning the deficit-to-GDP ratio will rise to 3%. Of the deficit, 1.4 trillion yuan will be carried by the central government, and the remaining 780 billion yuan will be carried by local governments.
实施上述政策，今年将比改革前减轻企业和个人负担5000多亿元。
Through the above policies, the burdens on enterprises and individuals will be cut by more than 500 billion yuan this year.
完成铁路投资8000亿元以上、公路投资1.65万亿元，再开工20项重大水利工程
More than 800 billion yuan will be invested in railway construction, and investment in road construction will reach 1.65 trillion yuan. A further 20 water conservancy projects will be carried out
增加深松土地1.5亿亩，新增高效节水灌溉面积万亩
improve the subsoil of an additional ten million hectares of cropland, and increase the area of cropland covered by efficient water-saving irrigation by 1.33 million hectares
十五亩等于一公顷
今年要完成1000万以上农村贫困人口脱贫任务，其中易地搬迁脱贫200万人以上，继续推进贫困农户危房改造。
This year, we will help more than ten million rural residents lift themselves out of poverty, including over two million poor residents who are to be relocated from inhospitable areas
中央财政安排城乡医疗救助补助资金160亿元，增长9.6%。
The central government will allocate 16 billion yuan to be used in both rural and urban areas for medical assistance and subsidies, an increase of 9.6% over last year.
整合城乡居民基本医保制度，财政补助由每人每年380元提高到420元。
We will merge the basic medical insurance systems for rural and non-working urban residents and raise government subsidies for the scheme from 380 to 420 yuan per capita per annum.
根据国际货币基金组织数据，按购买力平价(PPP)计算，香港本地生产总值位居全球第35位，人均本地生产总值位居全球第7位。
According to the statistics of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Hong Kong’s GRP and per-capita GRP, respectively, ranked the 35th and 7th in the world, as calculated by purchasing power parity.
，四大产业增加值共占香港本地生产总值的58%，吸纳就业人数占总就业人数的47.2%。
In , these four sectors employed 47.2 percent of Hong Kong’s total working population, and their added value accounted for 58 percent of Hong Kong’s total GRP.
香港婴儿死亡率由的4‰下降至20的1.6‰，是全球婴儿死亡率最低的地方之一。
The infant mortality rate dropped from 4 per thousand in to 1.6 per thousand in 2013, which is among the world’s lowest.
篇10：2020上半年翻译资格考试二级笔译备考试题整合
Carmaking: Track Mentality
PSA Group’s boss has revived its fortunes. He isn’t done
Carlos Tavares likes to move quickly. The boss of PSA, maker of Peugeots and Citro?ns, has a passion for motor racing and speed pervades his day-to-day activities, too. The intense Portuguese arrives abruptly for meetings and departs so swiftly that it takes a few seconds to realise that he has gone. His reputation as the most talented boss now running a car company is also built on speed – his rapid and remarkable turnaround of two struggling firms, first PSA itself and then Opel, acquired from General Motors (GM) in . Steering his mass-market firm towards the future of carmaking will not be easy.
The permanent frown clouding Mr Tavares’s brow is a testament to the tough jobs he has pulled off. First, after taking the wheel of PSA in after years of heavy losses, he rescued it from bankruptcy. To near-universal surprise, he restored the firm to the black in a year. Revenues and profits have since grown handsomely; profit margins now rival those of German premium carmakers.
As Maxime Picat, PSA’s director of operation in Europe, drily observes, seeking profits first and volumes afterwards has “not always been the case” in an industry that has prioritised sales and market share. PSA sought to sell fewer cars at a bigger mark-up. It axed niche models that made little money and slashed costs by limiting the bewildering array of combinations of engines, body styles and the like.
When PSA was criticised for lacking the heft to make big investments in electric vehicles and self-driving cars, Mr Tavares paid GM ?.3bn ($1.4bn) for its struggling European arm. This added around 1m vehicles a year to the 2.8m the rest of the group built in , making it Europe’s second-biggest carmaker behind Volkswagen. He applied his tactics again, this time to a company which had suffered two decades of losses totalling around $20bn under American ownership. In 2018 Opel reported an operating profit of over ?60m.
The resurrection of two struggling car giants has propelled PSA’s share price by 14% over the past year. Steering the combined firm through the next series of bends will take a different set of skills, however. Car sales in Europe, where PSA generates 80% of revenues, are less brisk than in the past. Markets such as India and Russia, which Mr Tavares is eyeing, are trickier to negotiate. PSA has struggled in China, where carmakers have done well in recent years. Making humdrum Opels (sold as Vauxhalls in Britain) desirable will require heavy spending. Placid unions, which recognised PSA’s difficulties, may become less so as its health improves.
A plan to return to America has also met with scepticism. PSA’s brands are largely forgotten there – the last one, Peugeot, departed 28 years ago. Rather than spending heavily on marketing, building a factory and losing money “like hell”, Mr Picat says, PSA will start with car-sharing services to reintroduce the marques gradually as part of a ten-year project that will “make money at every step”. This seems to be one place where Mr Tavares is content to go slowly.
Further down the road, he worries about the added costs of electrification to meet EU emissions targets. The American car-sharing venture will offer some experience in mobility services, but PSA lags behind many rivals in autonomous vehicles. All this will require heavy spending.
Greater scale would help. Mr Tavares is on the lookout for deals. A tie-up with GM or Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (whose chairman, John Elkann, sits on the board of The Economist’s parent company) has been rumoured. So has a takeover of struggling Jaguar Land Rover from its Indian owners. Some industry-watchers think consolidation is imminent – and virtually all believe it is necessary to share the costs of developing electric vehicles, self-driving cars and mobility services. Since the death last year of Sergio Marchionne, Fiat Chrysler’s legendary boss, and the legal travails in Japan of Carlos Ghosn, ejected from his leadership roles in the Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi alliance, many observers see Mr Tavares as the only car boss with the skill to cut big and difficult deals.
汽车制造：赛道心态
PSA的老板已令集团重振雄风，但使命尚未完成
标致和雪铁龙汽车的制造商PSA的老板唐唯实喜欢快速行动。他热爱赛车，日常工作也是雷厉风行。在公司会议上，这位性情热烈的葡萄牙人会突然来到，又迅疾离去，大家要过几秒钟才能反应过来他已离场。他之所以被誉为最具才华的汽车公司老板，也是因为速度——他迅速扭转了两家公司的颓势，先是PSA自己，然后是PSA在从通用汽车收购的欧宝，成绩惊人。不过，带领这家大众市场汽车公司迈向汽车制造业的未来并非易事。
唐唯实终日眉头深锁，足以证明他成就的是何等艰巨的任务。首先，，他在PSA严重亏损多年后掌舵，将公司从破产边缘拉回。几乎出乎所有人的意料，他在一年内便使公司扭亏为盈。之后收入和利润均大幅增长，到现在利润率已经可以媲美德国的高端汽车制造商。
PSA的欧洲运营总监毕高诚淡淡地说，在这个向来强调销售和市场份额的行业，先求利润再谈销量“不是常见做法”。而PSA正是以较高的成本加成销售少一些的汽车。它砍掉了不怎么赚钱的小众车型，同时减少令人眼花缭乱的发动机、车身款式等配置选择以降低成本。
在PSA被批体量不足，无法对电动汽车和无人驾驶大笔投入时，唐唯实花费13亿欧元(14亿美元)收购了通用汽车陷入困境的欧洲业务。PSA在的汽车年产量原本为280万辆，收购之后增加约100万辆，使之成为仅次于大众的欧洲第二大汽车制造商。唐唯实再次施展魔法，这次是对一家在美国人掌控下在间累计亏损约200亿美元的公司。而到了20，欧宝的营业利润超过8.6亿欧元。
两家陷入困境的汽车巨头成功逆袭，推动PSA的股价在过去一年里上涨了14%。然而，要驾驭合并后的公司顺利通过下一串弯道需要的是另一套技能。在欧洲(为PSA创造了80%的收入)，汽车销售已不如过去强劲。唐唯实目前紧盯印度和俄罗斯等市场，但在这些地方做生意的难度更大。在中国，近年来其他汽车制造商的业绩不俗，但PSA的中国业务却处境不佳。要让乏善可陈的欧宝(在英国名为沃克斯豪尔)受到买家青睐，不投入重金是不行的。随着PSA日渐复苏，以前体谅公司困境而保持温和的工会也可能有所动作。
集团重返美国市场的计划也受到了质疑。在美国，PSA的品牌基本上已被遗忘，它最后一个淡出美国市场的品牌是标致，那已经是28年前的事了。毕高诚表示，PSA不会砸大钱来营销和建厂，然后亏得“血本无归”，而是要实施一个“每一步都盈利”的十年期项目，先从汽车共享服务入手，逐步把品牌再次引入美国市场。在这方面，唐唯实似乎是乐意慢慢来的。
再向前推进，唐唯实还担心为满足欧盟排放标准而新增的电气化成本。在美国的汽车共享业务会为集团带来一些出行服务上的经验，但PSA在无人驾驶汽车这一块落后于许多竞争对手。这一切都需要大量投入资金。
扩大企业规模会有所帮助。唐唯实正在寻找并购机会。有传言称PSA打算与通用汽车或菲亚特-克莱斯勒(其董事长约翰·埃尔坎为《经济学人》母公司董事)合并。还有传言称PSA将从印度人手中收购苦苦挣扎的捷豹路虎。部分行业观察人士认为整合迫在眉睫。而几乎所有人都认同必须分担开发电动汽车、无人驾驶和出行服务的成本。去年，菲亚特-克莱斯勒极富传奇色彩的总裁塞尔吉奥·马尔乔内去世，卡洛斯·戈恩又在日本因身陷官司而被迫从雷诺-日产-三菱联盟下台，自此许多观察人士认为，车厂老板中就剩唐唯实有能力斩获高难度的大型并购交易了。
篇11：上半年翻译资格考试二级笔译备考试题整合
Disneyland Opens “Star Wars” Area of Park
迪士尼开放“星球大战”主题公园
Chewbacca climbed into the pilot seat of the Millennium Falcon as fireworks exploded above Disneyland in Anaheim, California, Wednesday.
周三，加利福尼亚州阿纳海姆市的迪士尼乐园上空烟花绚烂，楚巴卡登上千年隼号的飞行员座位。
Chewbacca is an imaginary creature born in the first of the Star Wars series of movies. He was in Disneyland for a ceremony to open the new Star Wars area at the theme park.
楚巴卡是一个虚构的生物，诞生于星球大战系列电影的第一部。他现身迪士尼乐园是为了庆祝迪士尼开放“星球大战”主题公园的开幕式。
“Chewie, let’s fire up the Falcon,” said Mark Hamill, the actor who played Luke Skywalker. He also attended the event to open the more than five-and-one-half hectare area called Star Wars: Galaxy’s Edge. It opened to the public Friday.
“楚伊，让我们启动千年隼吧。”扮演卢克·天行者的演员马克·哈米尔说。 他也参加了此次活动，来为这个叫做“星球大战：银河边缘”的主题区揭幕。主题区占地超过5.5公顷，于周五向公众开放。
The furry Chewbacca had trouble starting the huge spaceship, which led actor Harrison Ford to surprise the crowd and offer an assist. Ford played the Star Wars character Han Solo. He hit the side of the ship and said “Peter, this one’s for you,” in honor of Peter Mayhew, the actor who played Chewbacca in five films and died in April.
毛茸茸的楚巴卡在启动这个巨大的宇宙飞船时遇到了麻烦，让演员哈里森·福特给人群带来了惊喜，并提供帮助。福特在《星球大战》中饰演汉·索洛一角。他拍拍船身，然后说“彼特，这个是给你的”，以纪念彼特·梅犹。彼特曾在五部电影中扮演楚巴卡，于今年四月离世。
Ford stood on stage with Hamill, Disney Chief Executive Bob Iger, Star Wars creator George Lucas, and Billy Dee Williams, who performed the part of Lando Calrissian in Star Wars.
福特与哈米尔，迪士尼首席执行官鲍勃·艾格，《星球大战》创造者乔治·卢卡斯，以及在《星球大战》中扮演兰多·卡里西安的比利·迪·威廉姆斯等人一同站在舞台上。
Lucas created the Star Wars movie series in 1977 and sold it to Disney in 2012. He gave high praise to Galaxy’s Edge, which is set in Black Spire Outpost, a settlement on a planet called Batuu that appeared in “Star Wars” books but never in film.
卢卡斯于1977年创作了《星球大战》系列电影，并于2012年将其卖给了迪士尼。他对“银河边缘”给予了高度评价，该主题园区设在黑峰哨站，是一个名为“巴图”的星球上的定居点。“巴图”曾在《星球大战》书籍中出现过，但从未出现在电影中。
“You did a great job,” Lucas said to Iger. “It could have gone very bad but it didn’t.”
卢卡斯对艾格说：“你做得非常棒。这本可能会变得非常糟糕，但是并没有那样。”
Lucas described the Star Wars area as “something you couldn’t even have dreamed about 20 years ago.\"
卢卡斯在描述“星球大战”主题区时，称“这在20年前你根本无法想象”。
“It will change your life,” he added.
“它将改变你的生活。”他补充道。
The place offers visitors the chance to step into the Millennium Falcon’s cockpit and control a simulated flight.
这个地方让游客有机会进到千年隼的驾驶舱，控制模拟飞行。
Guests also can drink blue milk, eat space meat cooked by a pod-racing engine and have a drink at an outer-space restaurant.
游客还可以喝蓝牛奶，吃由飞车引擎烹制的太空肉，并在外太空餐厅享用饮品。
Expectations run high from generations of fans. Many of the movie series lovers have waited 40 years since the first film to visit a real-world version of the galaxy far, far away.
一代代粉丝的期待越来越高。许多电影系列爱好者从第一部电影开始就期待参观真实版本的遥远银河系，已经等了40年了。
“The goal was to be ambitious, really ambitious,” Iger told a reporter earlier on Wednesday. “To be bold, but not only bold in terms of scale, but in terms of detail, artistry, technology, and to make sure first and foremost that we are pleasing the most ardent Star Wars fan.”
艾格周三早些时候告诉记者：“我们的目标是宏伟的，真正宏大的。我们要大胆，但不仅限于规模，而且要在细节、艺术和技术方面大胆(创新)，并要确保首先要满足最热情的《星球大战》的粉丝。”
Disney also aims to appeal to a broad group of Star Wars lovers as well as people without any attachment to the futuristic series.
迪士尼还旨在吸引广泛的《星球大战》爱好者以及对未来派系列没有任何青睐的人群。
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