NSEFC 初二 Lesson Eight

【导语】下面是小编为大家推荐的NSEFC 初二 Lesson Eight（共8篇），欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。

篇1：NSEFC 初二 Lesson Nine (Book 4)

江苏省启东中学 管笛

Word Study

bridge

n.

桥

a bridge across the river架在河上的桥

Don't cross the bridge until you come to it.(谚)不要杞人忧天。;莫自寻烦恼。

the Nanjing Changjiang River Bridge

cross the bridge

n.

桥牌, 一种纸牌游戏

play bridge打桥牌

It takes four persons to play bridge.桥牌要四个人玩。

field

n.

田地

a field of maize一块玉米地

活动场地

矿物产地

an oilfield油田

领域

the field of politics政治领域

Our field of vision is limited by that tall building.我们的视野受到了那座高层建筑物的限制。

现场

traffic

n.

交通

Traffic police are sometimes very polite.交通警察非常有礼貌。

来往的行人、车辆等

The city streets are full of traffic.城市的街道上满是行人车辆

traffic jam交通拥塞

a traffic in ideas意见的沟通

the unlawful traffic in drugs非法的毒品买卖

The bridge is open to traffic.此桥可以通车。

kilometre

build

vt., vi.

built, building

建筑；建造；盖

He built a model ship out of wood.他用木头造了个模型船。

The Crystal Palace was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851.`水晶宫'是为1851年的`世界博览会'在海德公园建造的。

The ancient temple was built of wood.这所庙宇是木结构的。

They are building in that area now.他们正在那个地区建房子。

The wind began to build.风力开始增大。build

rise

vi.

rose, risen, rising

（太阳、月亮、星星）升起，出现

The sun rose at seven o'clock.太阳七点钟升起。

升高

The river is rising after the rain.雨后河水涨了。

The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet.“这时飞机能上升了,并在距山头400英尺的高度飞越了山头。”

The steps of the palace rise in easy flights.宫殿台阶上升的坡度不大。

Prices have risen steadily during the past decade.过去十年间物价一直在上涨。

起床；立起；站起来

（河流）发源于

The river Rhine rises in Switzerland.rise from table

rise above the ordinary level超出一般水平

The flood has risen two feet.洪水上涨两英尺。

His voice rose in excitement.他激动得声音提高了。

Prices[Funds] rose sharply.价格[资金]急剧上涨[增长]。

Our confidence rises.我们的信心增强。

His colour rose.他气色好起来了。

The tower rises 40 feet.这塔高40尺。

My gorge [stomach] rises at it.我一看见这东西就恶心。

The river rises in the mountains.这河发源于群山之中。

The quarrel rose from a mere trifle.争吵由小事引起。

The assembly will rise next Friday.大会将在星期五闭幕。

They rose to the occasion.他们能应付那情势。

n.

兴起

the rise of the Roman Empire罗马帝国的兴起

The decrease in the number of bicycles and cars might give rise to another new set of problems.自行车和小汽车数量减少会造成一些新的问题。

升高

a rise in prices物价上涨

The rise in the house rent has added to our difficulties.房租涨价增加了我们的困难。

at rise of sun太阳升起的时候

the rise and fall of the tide潮之涨落

a rise in prices物价升高

have a rise in wages提高工资

a rise in the ground一个向上的斜坡

flow

vi.

流，流动；流过

The stream flowed rapidly.溪水畅流。

The cars flowed in a steady stream along the main road.汽车在干道上不停地驶过。

Her tears flowed fast at the bad news.“她一听到这伤心消息,眼泪就一涌而出。”

The river flowed over its banks.河水泛滥。

（衣服、头发）飘拂

流入

Rivers flow into the sea.江河流入海中。

Time flows.光阴流逝。

The river flowed over its banks.河水泛滥。

Our motherland flows with natural resources.我们祖国蕴藏着丰富的天然资源。

among

prep.

在…之中

They live among the mountains.他们住在群山之中。

Share the fruit among your friends.把水果分给你的朋友们。

I was among the crowd.我处身在人群中。

…之一

She is among my most welcome visitors.她是我最欢迎的来访者之一。

She is among the best of our typists.她是我们最好打字员之一。

a village among hills群山环抱的村庄

among the children在孩子们中间

among the trees在树丛中

among ourselves严守秘密, 只可你我知道

from among从... 中

one among a thousand千里挑一的人

You are only one among many who need help.你不过是许多需要帮助的人之一。

Shenyang is among the largest industrial cities in China.沈阳是中国最大工业城市之一。

They fought among themselves.他们互相残杀。

among -between

都含有“在...中间”的意思。 较正式、标准的用法是:

among用于“三者或三者以上之间”, 如:

He often went among the masses.

他经常深入群众。

而 between 则用于“两者之间”, 如:

Between the peoples of China and the Soviet Union there is a profound friendship.

中苏两国人民之间存在着深厚的友谊。

mountain

n.

高山；山岳

Rocky Mountains落基山

Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world.珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰。

大量；极多；多数

overcome mountains of difficulties克服重重困难

mountains of work大量工作

The waves were like mountains.波浪象群山。

west

n.

西; 西部

[the West ]西方, 欧美; 美[英]国西部; 【史】西罗马帝国

西风

go to the West到西部去

He lives in the west of England.他住在英国西部。

Korea lies to the west of Japan.朝鲜位于日本西边。

adj.

西方的; 西部的; 在西的; 朝西的

(风等)从西方来的

the west end of the island岛的西端

a west wind西风

West Point(美国)西点军校

West Pointer(美国)西点军校学员或毕业生

rush

vi., vt.

仓促；匆忙

The driver was rushed to casualty after the car accident.“车祸后,司机被迅速送到急救室抢救。”

He rushed headlong into marriage.他仓促轻率地结了婚。

猛进；猛冲

rush up the stairs猛冲上楼

She rushed into the room to tell us the news.她冲进房间告诉我们这个消息。

They had rushed up to her and tried to steal her handbag.“他们向她冲来,并且企图夺取她的手提包。”

village

till

prep., conj.

直至，直到…为止

wait till ten o'clock一直等到10点钟

Wait till I return等到我回来！

till then到那时止, 在那时以前

from morning till night从早到晚

He didn't return till ten o'clock.他到十点才回来。

Walk till you come to a white house.走下去, 一直走到一座白房子为止。

People do not know the value of health till they lose it.人们直到失去健康, 才知道健康的可贵。

【说明】①till 与 until 的意义和用法相同, 但句首一般不用 till 而用 until。②两者皆可用作介词和连词, 但两者都不能没有宾语, 因此都不是副词。③要注意在使用 until 或 till 表示汉语“直到...才”的时候, 常常要把汉语的肯定句改为否定句。

east

n.

东，东方

Our building faces east.我们的大楼朝东。

“The room faces East, so we get the morning sun.”“这个房间朝东,所以早晨的太阳照到我们房间里来。”

The sun rises in the east.红太阳在东方升起。

东风

a strong east wind一股强劲的东风

an east wind东风

east China华东

adv.

在东方; 从东方来; 向[往]东方

travel east向东方 旅行

face east朝东

Down East[美口]新英格兰(指美国东北部缅因州一带)

China is in the east of Asia.中国位于亚洲东部。

China faces the Pacific on the east.中国东临太平洋。

Japan lies to the east of China.日本在中国之东。

useful

adj.

有用的，有益的

useful life使用寿命

That is a useful knife.那是把有用的小刀。

a pretty useful performance相当精采的演出

She makes herself generally useful.她能干各式各样的工作。

He's a useful member of the team.他是该队的一名强手。

His wife is very useful at cooking.他的妻子擅长烹调。

gentle

和善的；温和的

柔和的；和缓的

a gentle wind和风

future

n.

将来；未来

Our future seems very uncertain.我们的未来似难预测。

The ability to do this will be necessary in future flights to distant planets.“在将来向遥远的行星飞行的时候,需要这样的能力。”

前途；远景

I wish you a happy future.祝你前途美好。

There's no future in trying to sell furs in a hot country.在气候炎热的国家里做皮货生意是不会有前途的。

adj.

将来的；未来的

We're leaving this city; our future home will be in Paris.“我们就要离开这座城市了,我们未来的家将在巴黎。

a future life来世

park

停放（车辆）； 停车

Don't park the car in this street.不得在这条街上停车。

Please park your car in the parking lot and hike in.”请把车停在外面停车场,步行进去。“

放于；置于；藏于

Don't park your books on my desk! (喻)不要把你的书堆放在我的书桌上!

He parked himself in an easy chair.他坐在安乐椅中。

安顿下来；留置

He parked his baby at his aunt's.他把婴儿寄放在姑母处。

No Parking on the bridge

get on

be open to traffic

the East China Sea

bank

n.

岸；堤

That big tree on the bank of the river might afford us shelter from the rain.河岸上那棵大树也许可供我们避雨。

There are many trees on both sides of the river

from place to place

make good use of

the Yellow River

the Bohai Sea

dry

vt., vi.

dried, drying

弄干；变干

The clothes dried quickly outside.衣服在外面干得快。

She dried her hair in the sun.她在太阳底下把头发晒干。

脱水保存（食物）

dried fruit水果干

dry up

deep

深的

a deep river一条很深的河

deep seas深海

纵深的；内部的

远离中心的

a deep border遥远的边境线

深…；延深至…

a hole two feet deep两英尺深的洞

深奥的；难解的

He's a deep one.他是个深不可测的人。

神秘的；奇异的

a deep dark secret高深莫测的秘密。

a deep question一个深奥的问题

聪明的；老谋深算的；富有理解力的

a deep mind高超的思想

深浓的；强烈的；不易改变的

deep feelings强烈的感受

Her love for the child was very deep.她对孩子的爱是很深的。

颜色深浓的；浓重的

He has deep brown eyes.他有一双深棕色的眼睛。

声音低沉的

He has a deep voice.他的嗓音低沉。

deep in debt债台高筑

deep red深 红

a deep drinker酒量很大的人

be deep in work埋头工作

be deep in thought沉思着

Cheer up

cheer

n.

words of cheer鼓励话

Christmas cheer圣诞佳肴

Let's give three cheers for the visitors.让我们向来宾三次欢呼。

A good meal brought cheer to our hearts.一顿美餐使我们心中愉快。

vt.

cheer the victory为胜利而欢呼

The boys cheered their football team.男孩子们为他们的足球队喊加油。

Everyone was cheered by the good news.每个人都为听到这个消息而高兴。

understand

vt., vi.

-stood, -standing

懂得；熟悉

I can't understand classical literature.我不懂古典文学。

Do you understand Spain?你懂西班牙语吗？

The porter, however, could not understand me.可是,那个搬运工人听不懂我的话。

Then he spoke slowly, but I could not understand him.接着他说得慢了,但是我听不懂他的话。

The English understand each other, but I don't understand them!英国人彼此间听得懂,可我就是听不懂他们的话!

了解

A good teacher must understand children.一个好的老师应该了解孩子们。

知道；获悉；听说

I understand you're coming to work for us.我听说你要到我们这儿来工作。I don't understand you.

我不懂你的话。

A good teacher must understand children.一个好的教师必须了解孩子。

It is understood that you will come.相信你会来的。

What did you understand him to say?你认为他说的是什么意思呢?

In this case the verb may be understood.在这种情况下这动词可以省略。

No Photos

as

当；正值

He dropped the glass as he stood up.他站起来时，把杯子摔了.

He was watching TV as we were busy doing our homework.

favourite

adj.

心爱的；中意的；喜爱的

my favorite book我爱读的书

Oranges are my favorite fruit.柑橘是我最喜爱的水果。

Baked apples are his favourite dish.烘苹果是他爱吃的菜。

特别喜爱的物；特别喜爱的人

David's a great favourite with his teacher.大卫是他的老师最为喜欢的学生。

These novels are my favourites.这些是我最喜欢的小说书。

过分受宠爱的人

A teacher shouldn't have favorites.一个教师不应过分宠爱某些学生。

set

（星星、月亮、太阳）落下，沉没

The moon is setting.月亮正在落下(日, 月等)落, 下沉

The sun sets in the west.日落西方。

It will be cooler when the sun has set.太阳落后, 天就会凉爽些。

His star has set.[喻]他的好运已过去了。

放[装, 设, 布]置, 竖立, 贴, 靠, 铺, 砌; 安置, 安排

set a pot on the fire把锅放在火上

set a ladder against the wall把梯子靠在墙上

set a receiver to the ear把(电话)听筒放到耳边

set the table for dinner在桌上摆设餐具准备开饭

He set the stake in the ground.他将桩子竖在地上。

Please set the box on its end.请把这箱子竖着放。

致, 使; 使处于某种状态, 使(某人)做某事

A spark set the woods on fire.星星之火使整个森林燃烧起来。

I must set my affairs in order.我必须使我的事情搞得井井有条。

Why didn't you set the boy right？你为什么不纠正那孩子的错误呢？

A good night's rest will set you right.酣睡一夜将使你的精神得到恢复。

My jokes set the whole table laughing.我说的笑话使全桌人大笑起来。

Set a thief to catch a thief.[谚]以贼捉贼; 以毒攻毒。

倾注; 使下决心

set one's heart on the common good一心为公

set one's hope on becoming a teacher渴望成为一名教师

He has set himself to learn from her.他决心向她学习。

Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事, 只怕有心人。

使(鸡)孵卵, 使(卵)受孵

set a hen使母鸡孵卵

set eggs把蛋给母鸡孵

种, 播, 植, 栽

set seeds播种

set plants栽植物

set a tree植树

点燃; 放(火)

set a match to old papers擦火柴点燃旧报纸

set fire to the enemy's ammunition dump放火烧敌人的弹药库

Forests are sometimes set ablaze by lightning.森林有时因雷击而起火。

镶嵌; 点缀

set a diamond in a ring在戒指上嵌钻石

The tops of the walls were set with broken glass.墙顶嵌上碎玻璃。

The sky seemed to be set with diamonds.天空似乎镶嵌了钻石。

The sky was set with myriads of stars.无数星星点缀着夜空。

使凝结[固]; 使牢固; 使固定; 使(骨等)复位; 使(头发)成波浪形

set a butterfly把蝴蝶固定住作标本

set a broken leg接合断腿

She had her hair set.她把头发做成波浪形。

指定, 规定(日期, 价格, 限度等); 制定(规则等); 颁布; 估计; 评价

set a price on sth.定价格

set a date for a meeting确定会议日期

set the targets of production定生产指标

set a price on sb.'s head悬赏捉[杀]某人

set a rule制定规则

set a limit定一限度

set a distance定距离

签(字); 盖(印); 印上(痕记), 写, 记录

set one's hand and seal to a document在文件上签名盖章

The years have set their mark on his brow.年岁在他的额上打下了印记。

树立(榜样), 创造(纪录)

set a new production record创造新的生产纪录

The heroes set us a noble example.英雄们给我们树立了崇高的榜样。

分配, 提出(任务), 指定(作业), 出[命](题目, 试题)

The manager set the clerks various tasks.经理向职员们分配各项任务。

Who will set the papers for the examination？这次考试由谁来命题？

调整, 校正(仪器); 拨准(钟表); 锉(锯齿), 拨(锯路); 磨快, 修平(剃刀等)

set the camera lens调整照相镜头

set a plough调整犁头于待用位置

set the alarm-clock拨好闹钟

set one's watch by the time-signal on the radio按收音机报时信号对表

set a saw拨锯路

为...谱曲, 改写乐曲; 为...布景, 以...为背景

set words to music为词谱曲

set piano music for the violin将钢琴曲改写成小提琴曲

set new words to an old tune set为旧调配新词

set the stage为舞台布景

The story is set in the early days of World WarⅡ. 此故事是以第二次世界大战初期为背景的。

设(陷阱); 张(罗网); 扬(帆), 钩住(鱼颚)

set a trap for a mouse放置捕鼠器

set sail扬帆

排(铅字), 排版

综合能力训练

Ⅰ. 翻译下列短语

1. 更好地利用 ______________ 2. 禁止拍照！ ___________

2. 5，000米长 ______________ 4. 第三大国家 ___________

5. 在将来 __________________ 6. 起先 ________

7. 奔腾不息 _______________ 8. 从一处到另一处 _________

9. 数百公里 ___________ 10. 太多的食物 _____________

make better use of No photos 5000 metres long the third largest country in the future at first rush on and on from place and place hundreds of kilometers too much food

按要求写出下列单词

1. build (名词) ________ 2. rise (过去式) _______

2. rush (第三人称单数) _________ 4. till (同义词) ________

5. use (形容词) ________ 6. carry (第三人称单数形式) _______

7. gentle (副词) ________ 8. deep (副词) _______

9. twelve (序数词) ______ 10. high (比较级) _______

building rose rushes until useful carries gently deeply twelfth higher

根据句意和中文提示写出英文

1. There are some ______ (桥) over the river.

2. The workers are ______ (建造) a high building in our school.

3. The sun ______ (升起) in the east every morning.

4. There’s a sign, it says “No _______ (停车) on the bridge!”

5. He often ______ (运送) water for the old man.

6. I will drive you over the _______(桥).

7. It was open to _______ (交通) in March, .

8. The Changjiang River Bridge 2100 ______ (公里) long.

9. The river flows down from among the ______ (山脉) in the west of China.

10. Let’s go and tell the _______ (其余的) to join us.

Bridges building rises parking carries

Bridge traffic kilometers mountains others

用所给词的适当形式填空

1. Helen always drives _______ (care).

2. Changjiang is the _______ (three) longest in the world.

3. It is a very ______ (use) river.

4. People have done much to make _______ (good) use of the water.

5. Those _______ (America) don’t like Chinese food.

6. I’ve never seen such high ______ before. (build)

7. The teacher often says to us ______. (gentle)

8. This book is very ______, you’d better read it. (use)

9. We are learning the ______ Lesson. (twelve)

10. The Nile is the ______ river in the world. (long)

Carefully third useful better Americans

Buildings gently useful twelfth longest

用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. No _______ (swim) in the river.

2. He _____ (park) his car and went out.

3. The workers _______ (build) some bridges over the river so far.

4. The teacher said the sun ______ (rise) in the east.

5. The teacher told me _______ (not watch) TV in the evening.

6. We _______ (not begin) the meeting till the teacher comes.

7. When I saw him, he ______ (write) a letter.

8. Are you interested in _______ (fish)?

9. Be careful _______ (not do) this in the sunlight.

10. He is tired, but he doesn't stop _________ (work).

11. The teacher said the earth ______ (go) around the sun.

12. How many English words ______ you _____ (learn) by now?

13. I haven’t seen the film. I _____ (see) it with you.

14. Don’t talk! They ______ (have) a meeting.

15. When _____ they _____ (arrive) here? Just two days ago.

16. Do you enjoy _______ (watch) TV?

17. The doctor asked him ______ (take) the medicine three times a day.

18. He _______ (write) a letter when I came in.

19. You must try your best ______ (learn) English well.

20. _______ (not talk) in class, please!

Swimming parked have built rises not to watch won’t begin was writing fishing

Not to do working Goes have learned will see are having did arrive watching to take was writing to learn Don’t talk

根据要求转换句型

1. The park is very beautiful. (感叹句)

______ _______ the park is!

2. The river is about 7,000 metres long. (对划线部分提问)

______ _______ is the river?

3. They will come here in a week. (同上)

______ ______ will they come here?

4. Remember to send the letter for me. (同义句)

_______ _______to send the letter for me.

5. He knows nothing about it. (改为反意问句)

He knows nothing about it, ______ ______?

How beautiful How long How soon Don’t forget does he

下列各句各有一处错误，请选出并改正

1. My home is about five lis far away from our school.

2. English is becoming more important and more important,you can’t give it up.

3. The Changjiang River is the longest river in China and the third longer in the world.

4. English an useful subject, you must learn it well.

5. – How long have you joined the League? -- For about a year.

6. The man is very fat, he eats much too food every day.

7. What an interesting news it is! I’ve never heard of such one.

8. The boy is the second taller student in our class.

9. The teacher said the sun rose in the east.

10. I won’t go to bed till I will finish my homework this evening.

Li more and more important longest a been in Too much an去掉 tallest rises finish

Ⅱ. 选择最佳选项

( ) 1. _____ wide the river is!

A. What B. What a C. How D. How a

( ) 2. The street is about _____.

A. thirty metre wide B. thirty metres longer

C. thirty metres widely D. thirty metres wide

( ) 3. Now get _____ the bus. I'll drive you ______ the bridge.

A. on, over B. off, over C. into, on D. out of, on

( ) 4. ______ will they finish the work? In about two hours.

A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How

( ) 5. They're going to build _______.

A. a little more bridges B. a few more bridges

C. more a few bridges D. a little bridges more

( ) 6. My home is about _____ from here.

A. ten lis far B. ten li far away

C. ten lis away D. ten li away

( ) 7. -- Can you see that sign?

-- Yes. It _____. ”No swimming here!“

A. writes B. says C. read D. written

( ) 8. The Changjiang River is _____ river in the world.

A. the longest B. the longer C. the third longest D. the long

( ) 9. He knows nothing about it, ______?

A. does he B. doesn't he C. is he D. isn't he

( ) 10. When I saw him in the street, I stopped ______ with him.

A. to talk B. talking C. talk D. talked

( ) 11. There's a desk _____.

A. among him and me B. between he and I

C. among he and I D. between him and me

( ) 12. I won't go home till he _____ here.

A. will come B. comes C. came D. would come

( ) 13. He is clever, _____ he doesn't study hard.

A. and B. then C. but D. because

( ) 14. I ______ the Party for about five years.

A. have joined B. have taken part in

C. have joined in D. have been in

( ) 15. There's _____ ”u“ in the word ”use“.

A. an B. the C. a D./

( ) 16. There is ______ water in the river.

A. much too B. too much C. more D. very much

( ) 17. I ______ think you ______ right.

A. don't, aren't B. don't, don't C. /, don't D. don't, are

( ) 18. There are ______ people in the square (广场).

A. thousand B. thousands C. thousands of D. thousand of

( ) 19. The boy is getting ________.

A. higher and higher B. taller and taller

C. more and more high D. more and more tall

( ) 20. He writes ______ than I.

A. much carefully B, much more careful

C. much more carefully D. more more carefully

( ) 21. Shanghai is __________ China.

A. in the east of B. to the east

C. in the west of D. to the west of

( )22. _______ big fish it is!

A. How B. How a C. What D. What a

( )23. Would you like ______ a cup of tea?

A. drinking B. drink C. to drink D. drinks

( )24. He likes football. So ______ I

A. does B. do C. like D. like

( )25. He often gets up late, _____ he is sometimes late for work.

A. but B. or C. so D. and

( )26. I have a lot of ______ to do.

A. work hard B. hard works C. works hard D. hard work

( )27. I _____ the Whites _______ having lunch.

A. think, isn’t B. don’t think, is C. think, aren’t D. don’t think, are

( )28. She is waiting ______ her seat _______ Mary.

A. for, in B. in, for C. for, for D. for, on

( )29. It’s raining hard outside. So we _______ stay at home.

A. must B. have to C. may D. had to

( )30. Everybody in the class will be good at English. ______?

A. Won’t they B. Won’t he C. Will he D. Won’t it

C D A B B D B C A A D B C D C B D C B C A D C B C D D B B A

完形填空

Tom was a little 1 . He lived 2 Aberdeen. He 3 his father and mother. He 4 three brothers and two 5 One day he went 6 .He went to look at the 7 . The boats were fishing boats. The fishermen (渔夫) were catching 8 . 9 of the fishermen 10 Tom a big fish. He was very 11 . He ran 12 quickly and gave the fish to his 13 . She cooked it 14 dinner that evening. The children liked it very 15 .

( ) 1. A. cat B. boy C. friend D. girl

( ) 2. A. to B. on C. in D. at

( ) 3. A. talked to B. listened to C. studied with D. lived with

( ) 4. A. had B. wanted C. loved D. got

( ) 5.A. balls B. teachers C. sisters D. parents

( ) 6. A. fishing B. to work C. to school D. for a walk

( ) 7. A. ships B. boats C. sea D. fish

( ) 8. A. a fish B. the fish C. the fishes D. fish

( ) 9. A. All B. One C. Both D. Each

( ) 10. A. got B. gave C. made D. took

( ) 11. A. busy B. clever C. happy D. afraid

( ) 12. A. to a home B. to home C. home D. house

( ) 13. A. father B. mother C. sisters D. parents

( ) 14. A. with B. at C. for D. before

( ) 15. A. much B. well C. many D. good

B C D A C D B B B B C C B C A

Ⅳ.阅读理解

Mr and Mrs Davis had four children. One Saturday Mrs Davis said to her husband, ”The children haven't got any lessons today, and you're free too. There's a fun-fair (游乐场) in the park. Let's go.“

Her husband was not sure about this. ”I want to finish some work,“ he said.

”Oh, forget about this and go to the fair!“ his wife said.

So Mr and Mrs Davis took the children to the fun-fair. Mr Davis was tony-five years old, but he enjoyed the fun-fair more than the children. He hurried from one thing to another, and ate lots of sweets (糖).

One of the children said to her mother, ”Daddy is just like a small child, isn't he, Mummy?“

Mrs Davis was quite tired of going with her husband around by now, and she answered, ”He's worse than a small child, Mary, because he has got his own money!“

( ) 1. How many people were there in Mr Davis' family?

A. Four B. Five C. Six D. Seven

( ) 2. What was Mr Davis' age?

A. He was old. B. He was young.

C. He was over forty. D. He was as old as his wife.

( ) 3. Who enjoyed the fun-fair best?

A. Mrs Davis B. Mr Davis

C. Their children D. One of their childrens

( ) 4. Mrs Davis ______ to go with her husband at last.

A. was glad B. was pleased C. was afraid D. didn't like

( ) 5.What's one of their children's name?

A. Betty B. Alice C. John D. Mary

C C B D D

The people of Mexico also built pyramids. They did not build them for tombs(坟墓). They built a pyramid and then built a temple (宇宙) on top of it. The pyramids of Mexico are not as high as the pyramids of Egypt, but they are big enough.

The biggest pyramid in Mexico is almost 2, 000 years old. Scientists think it took 10, 000 people more than ten years to build it. How were the people of Mexico able to build the pyramids thousands of years ago? How did they carry and lift the huge stones? Each stone fits so well and they didn't have our modem machines! Nobody can tell just how they were built.

( ) 1. The pyramids in Mexico were built by _____.

A. the people of Mexico B. the people of Egypt

C. the scientists D. American people

( ) 2. On top of each pyramid of Mexico there ______.

A. was a tomb B. was a temple

C. was nothing D. were mummies

( ) 3. The pyramids of Mexico are _____ the pyramids of Egypt.

A. higher than B. as high as

C. lower than D. as low as

( ) 4. It took ______ years to build the biggest pyramid in Mexico.

A. more than ten B. more than 2, 000

C. ten D. almost 2, 000

( ) 5. ______ how the people of Mexico built their pyramids.

A. Everybody knows B. Some scientists can tell

C. Many of us can tell D. Nobody knows

A B C A D

根据汉语意思完成下列各句，每空一词

1. 这条河是多么的宽啊！

_______ _______ the river is!

2. 昨天数百名学生去看了那场电影。

______ _______ students went to see the film yesterday.

3. 标牌上写道“不准在这儿钓鱼！”

The sign ______ “No ______ here!”

4. 他是我们班上最高的学生之一。

He is one of the ______ ______ in our class.

5. 河水正上涨得越来越高。

The water in the river is rising ______ and ______.

6这条河奔腾不息，直到流进大海。

This river _____ _____ and ______ until it flows into the sea.

7我们将很好地利用河流和湖泊。

We’ll ______ _______ ______ of the rivers and lakes.

8上海是中国最大的城市之一。

Shanghai is one of the ______ _______ in China.

9不准在桥上停车！

_______ _______ on the bridge!

10今天的计算机比起过去的计算机工作要快得多，好得多。

The ______ today work much _____ and _____ than the early ones

How wide Hundreds of says fishing tallest students higher higher Rushes on and on make better use largest cities No parking computers faster better

篇2：NSEFC 中考考前辅导

英语学科升学考试是选拔性功能的一种考试。其主要功能，是通过考生成绩为各类高级中等学校录取合格新生提供依据。

命题原则：

1．试卷精心编写，设置合理，结构简约，题量适度，但每个题目的含量大，覆盖面广，且无偏题、怪题。

2．基础题立足基础，注重双基；中等题体现层次、区分度；较难题立意创新，贴近生活，突出语言交际、应用与实践能力。

3．突出语境化原则，注重思想性，保证科学性。

近年来中考命题的一些特点：

1. 观念新, 立意新, 选材新, 内容新, 题型新。结合实际，思想性强，力求向新大纲靠拢，充分体现创新精神，旨在培养学生的能力。

2．对初中实施素质教育起到了导向作用，有利于教师更新教学观念，不断加强自身学习，调整教学思路，丰富教学方法；鼓励学生拓展知识，开阔眼界，将现实生活与课内学习紧密结合。

3．注重了知识的外延与深化，旨在培养学生良好的学习习惯，过硬的心理素质、科学的思维方式和自主的创新意识。

4．强调试题的语境，试题语言的原汁原味，更加注重对学生语言运用能力和语言感觉的考查。

5.语言生动、活泼、新颖；内容丰富多彩、有趣味；给考生留有思考和想象的空间，能够激发学生学习英语的兴趣和动力。

6．试题设计难度适中，坡度合理，与高中教学接轨，有利于对高素质学生的选拔。

一、听力:

1．没有太多的技巧，听力中所出现的对话都不会很长，句子也比较短，考查的都是最基本的语言在实际中的应用；文段部分虽然比较长，但语言本身不会很难，内容也一般会采用同学们都比较熟悉的故事或与生活有联系的文章，因此，同学们对语言越熟悉，就越容易听得明白，另外要克服畏难心理。

2．在中考前的这段时间每天坚持听一点（十分钟左右），并且要每天坚持大声朗读，这样会有效地提高听力水平。

3．在开考前，拿到试卷后，应当有足够的时间将所有的听力题的题干和选项浏览一遍，如果时间允许的话，还可以把前五道题在看一下。

4．在听力考试的过程中，要尽快做出判断，不要把注意力放在拿不准的题上，以免延误了时间，而影响到下面的听力内容。

二、单项选择、选词填空和完成句子:

这两部分主要是考查同学们对词汇、语法（词义辨析，固定搭配，时态、语态）、句子（句法）、句型、句式的应用，在复习的过程中，同学们首先要背熟考纲中所出现的词汇，词汇是一切语言运用的基础，在此基础上，在复习的过程中，同学们应当注意易混的地方、容易错的地方、特别是那些容易受到母语干扰的地方。下面，我们分项把易混、易错、易受到干扰的地方分别看一下。

第一部分 名词

1．名词的分类：可数名词和不可数名词

2．可数名词数的变化，单数和复数两种形式，单数用定冠词the和不定冠词a/an修饰。复数有以下化规则：

* 一般的在词尾加s

* 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词词尾加es

* 以f或fe结尾的名词将f或fe变为ves

knife---knives, wife---wives, life---lives, leaf---leaves, shelf---shelves, thief---thieves, half---halves, self---selves

但roof---roofs

* 以o结尾的名词有两种变化形式

（1） 加es：英雄 (hero---heroes) 吃 土豆 (potato---potatoes) 西红柿 (tomato---tomatoes)

（2） 加s：有个人去了zoo---zoos，上面挂着一幅photo---photos，画中有一架piano---pianos，上面放着一台radio---radios，重一kilo---kilos。

* 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，将y去掉加ies

特别要注意元音字母加y结尾的名词：boys, holidays, monkeys, chimneye, keys…

* 不规则变化

man---men, woman---women, Englishman---Englishmen, Frenchman---Frenchmen, postman---postmen, businessman---businessmen, policeman---policemen, policewoman---policewomen, snowman---snowmen, child---children, foot---feet, tooth---teeth, mouse---mice

* 单复数同形

fish, sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese

* 总是使用复数形式的

clothes, trousers, people, shoes, boots, socks, stockings, pants, shorts, earrings, glasses

3. 不可数名词（不可数名词没有复数形式）

*物质名词量的表达方式：物质名词是不可数名词，表示物质名词的量，可以用以下两种方式

1) 用形容词或短语修：little, a little, a bit of, some, much, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等

2) 用容器表示：a cup of, a glass of, a bottle of, a bowl of, a piece of, a loaf of, a slice of等。表示两杯，四张等概念时，在容器后加复数，同时，谓语动词要与容器的数保持一致。

3) 注意下面的用法：

The horse is useful. (可数、类别)

A horse is useful. (可数、类别)

Horses are useful. （复数、类别）

I like music. （不可数、非特指）

I like the music in this CD. （不可数、特指）

4. 名词和形容词注意用法。

wool --- woolen, sun --- sunny, wind --- windy, rain --- rainy, snow --- snowy, shower --- showery, mist --- misty, cloud --- cloudy, luck --- lucky, noise --- noisy, friend --- friendly, pleasure --- pleasant, danger --- dangerous, difference --- different, health --- healthy, difficulty --- difficult

1. The __________ is in the sky. It’s a __________ day today. (sun, sunny)

2. _________ is very important. If you want to keep _________, you must do exercise every day. (health, healthy)

3. Oh, my God, bad __________. I lost the game again. I am not __________ today. (luck, lucky)

4. The boy is in __________. Let’s hurry and help him out of the __________ place. (danger, dangerous)

5. The __________ boys are making __________ in the classroom now. (noise, noisy)

5. 各国情况一览表

国家 ~国的 ~国人 人的复数

China Chinese Chinese Chinese

Japan Japanese Japanese Japanese

England English Englishman (woman) Englishmen (women)

Britain British British man (woman) British men (women)

France French Frenchman (woman) Frenchmen (women)

Germany German German Germans

America American American Americans

Australia Australian Australian Australians

Russia Russian Russian Russians

Canada Canadian Canadian Canadians

6. 名词的所有格（作形容词用，修饰名词）

* 有生命的事物可在其后加’s，表示所属。

单数名词’s：a dog’s tail, Helen’s doctor

复数名词s’：a girls’ school, ladies’ hats

特殊变化的复数，变化后再加’s：Women’s Day, children’s palace

复合名词在最后一个词后加’s：somebody else’s umbrella, each other’s names

表示几个人共同拥有一样东西，在最后一个人的名字后加’s：Lucy and Lily’s mother

表示东西分别属于几个人，则在每个人的名字后都加’s：Lucy’s and Lily’s schoolbags

* 无生命的事物，可用“the/a + 所有物 + of + 所有者”表示所属： a map of China, the door of this classroom, the leaves of the tree

* 表示价格、距离、时间、重量等的名词可加’s或s’表示所属： today’s newspaper, twenty miles’ journey, three pounds’ weight, ten dollars’ coffee

* 当限定词与名词或代词的所有格修饰同一个名词时，两者不能同时放在该名词的前面，必须用“双重所有格”的形式，即“a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, no等 + 名词 + of + 所有格形式”表示所属。

a classmate of mine, a friend of his brother’s

第二部分 冠词

1．不能单独使用的虚词，只能附着在一个名词上，帮助说明这个名词的含义。

2．定冠词the

（1）用于重新提到的人或事物的前面。

（2）用于说话双方丢知道的人或事物的前面。

（3）用于单数可数名词前面，表示某一类人或事物。（The horse is useful）

（4）用于世界上独一无二的事物前面。the world, the sun, the universe

（5）用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前面。 the USA, the UN, the Great Wall, the Summer Palace

（6）用于序数词、形容词最高级及only所修饰的名词前面。the first, the most interesting, the only person

（7）用于姓氏的复数形式前面，表示全家人或夫妇。 the Whites

The Whites are having supper now.

（8）用于表乐器的名词前面。

（9）用语某些形容词前面，表示某一类人或事物。the rich, the old

In our country, the old are living a happy life.

（10）不用定冠词的情况：三餐、球类、棋类、游戏名词的前面。have lunch, play basketball, play chess

He can play the piano, but he can’t play football.

3．不定冠词a和an

（1）用于单数可数名词前，表示泛指，说明其名称和种类，具有“一个……”的意思，但不强调是一个。

A horse is useful A boy is standing under the tree.

（2）修饰的名词以辅音因素开头或修饰的名词前有辅音因素开头的形容词时，使用a。a European, a university, a new airport, a good example

（3）修饰的名词以元音因素开头或修饰的名词前有元音因素开头的形容词时，使用an。an hour, an honest boy, an important meeting, an amazing park

4．注意下列无冠词词组：

go to school/work/hospital/college, at school/work, in hospital, at home, at noon/night, at last, by bus/car/air/plane/ water/ship/boat/ bike, on foot

第三部分 数词

1．基数词用于记数，和hundred, thousand, million, billion等位数组合使用时，这些位数只用单数形式。two thousand, five million。注意区分：millions of, hundreds of

2．序数词用于数数。

3．由基数词变序数词时，通常在基数词结尾加th，表示“整十位数”的基数词词尾由ty变为tieth，特殊变化总结：one --- first, two --- second, three --- third, five --- fifth, nine – ninth, twelve --- twelfth

易写错的：nine – nineteen – ninety ninth – nineteenth – ninetieth

four – fourteen – forty fourth – fourteenth – fortieth

4．表示次数的特殊词：once, twice

5．分数表示法：分子用基数，分母用序数，分子大于一，分母加s。如果带整数，之间加and。

1/5 = one fifth, 2/3 = two thirds, 1/2 = a half/one half, 1/4 = one fourth/a quarter, 3/4 = three fourths/three quarters

第四部分 代词

1．代词分为人称代词、物主代词、自身（反身）代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词。

易错的代词：ourselves themselves yourselves

Help yourselves, boys.

She is a friend of mine/my father’s.

My book is on the floor. 和The book on the floor is mine.

2. it的用法

1) 代替前面提到过的名词。- Where is the chair? - It’s in the living room.

2) 指时间、天气和距离。What time is it? It was hot yesterday. It’s three miles to the station.

3) 作形式主语和形式宾语。It’s wrong to tell a lie. I think it better to do so. I find it easy to learn English.

3．指示代词的基本用法

1）指示代词有this, that, these, those，可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语和定语。

2）为了避免重复，可以用that, those代替前面提到过的名词，不可数名词通常要用that 来代替。

The weather of Kunming is better than that of Beijing.

The radios made in Shanghai are as good as those made in Tianjin.

3）this, that都可以指上文提到过的事情，但若指下文将要叙述的事情，只能用this。

He was ill. That/This is why he didn’t come.

What I hope is this. You will finish it in two hours.

4. 不定代词的基本用法

1．不定代词一览表

可数 each, one, many, few, a few, both, another, either, neither

不可数 much, little, a little

可数和不可数 all, some, none, such, any, other

复合不定代词 anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, nobody, everybody, everyone, everything

2．易混淆的不定代词

（1）some, any

some any

修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词。

用于肯定句和表示建议、请求的疑问句中（期待一个肯定答案）。I have some books/money.Would you like some meat? （表建议）Is there some butter in the fridge?（期待一个肯定答案） 用于疑问句、否定句及条件句。She doesn’t have any brothers or sisters.Did you any of the teachers? （单纯提问）If you have any questions you can ask me.

（2）few, a few, little, a little

用法 含义

肯定（有一点） 否定（几乎没有）（有，但不够用）

可数 a few (only a few)There are a few pears on the table. few （very few）I can see few flowers in the garden.

不可数 a little (only a little)There is a little sugar in the jar. little (very little)There is little bread for supper. We’d better buy some.

（3）many, much

many much

表示数量多，相当于a lot of, lots of, plenty of等。

修饰可数名词复数，相当于a large number of。There are many tall buildings in this area. 修饰不可数名词，相当于a great deal of。The girl drank much water after running.

（4）either, any

either any

均有“任一个”的含义。

指两个人或物中的任一个。Either of the twins can tell you the address. 指两个以上的人或物中的任一个。Any of my classmates knows the answer.

（5）each, every

each every

均有“每一个”的含义。

指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个，侧重强调个体、个性。There are many trees on each side of the street. each of them (对) every of them (错) 指两个以上的人或物中的一个，侧重强调全体、共性。There were policemen on each/every side of the square.They each have an apple. (对)They every have an apple. (错)

（6）both, all

both all

均有“全部，都”的含义。

指两个人或物Both of my parents are doctors. I see with both of my eyes. 指两个以上的人或物All of my classmates came to my birthday party.

（7）neither, none

neither none

均有“都不” 的含义。

指两个人或物中任意一个都不。She picked up the paper with neither of her hands. 指两个以上人或物中任意一个都不。I know none of the three girls.

（8）each other, one another

each other one another

均有“彼此、互相”的含义。

指两者之间互相。The couple hated each other. 指两者以上之间互相。All the family members love one another.

现代英语中常可互换。

（9）

搭配 含义

one…another 一个……（随意的）另一个（无范围）I don’t like this one. Please show me another.

one…the other 一个……（剩余仅有的）另一个（有范围：有且只有两个）I have two dogs; one is white, and the other is black.

one…the others 一个……（剩余所有）其余的（有范围）（相当于the rest）Five students were in the computer room. One was a boy and the others were girls.

some…others 一些……别的（无范围）Some (people) like swimming and others like jogging.

some…the others 一些……（剩余所有）其余的（有范围）（相当于the rest）I know only some of the students here; the others are strangers to me.

1) I don’t like this one. Please show me __________. 2) Take the books you need and __________ are mime.

3) I have two dogs; one is white, and __________ is black.

4) Some (people) like swimming and __________ like running.

5) Five students were in the computer room. One was a boy and __________ students were girls.

第五部分 形容词和副词

1．形容词和副词的基本用法

* 形容词用作句子的表语、定语和宾语补足语。

The park is nice.（作表语） She is a polite girl. （作定语）The news made him very happy. （作宾补）

* 副词用作句子的状语。

They sang loudly. （修饰动词） Your work is quite good. （修饰形容词）

You speak English very well. （修饰副词） Luckily, he missed the accident. （修饰全句）

2．形容词转化副词总结

* 形容词直接加ly。

* 以le结尾的形容词词尾变化为ly。 possible --- possibly, simple --- simply, terrible --- terribly

* 以一个辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，改y为i，再加ly。easily --- easily, busy --- busily, happy --- happily, lucky --- luckily, angry --- angrily

* 以l结尾的形容词再加ly。full --- fully

* 以e结尾的形容词变化有两种情况，即去e再加ly和直接加ly。true --- truly free --- freely, safe --- safely, polite --- politely

* 特殊变化 good --- well

He looks well today. He sings well. He is a good singer.

* 注意本身以ly结尾的形容词：friendly, lovely, deadly, lively, weekly, monthly

* 既是形容词又是副词的词：An early bird comes out early.

3. 易混淆副词的比较

1．hard: We must study hard.

hardly: I can hardly believe it.

2．high: We flew high in the sky.

highly: Parents usually speak highly of their children.

3．deep: I dug deep before I found water.

deeply: I deeply miss you.

4．wide: Open your mouth wide.

widely: English is widely used in the world.

5．near: He sat near me.

nearly: He was nearly killed.

6．not a bit: I’m not a bit tired. （I’m not tired at all.）

not a little: I’m not a little tired. （I’m very tired.）

4. 形容词和副词的比较等级

* as …. as… not as… as… not so… as… … than… … in/among…

5. 形容词和副词词级的变化规则

* 形容词

（1）一般单音节词末尾加er, est。

（2）以一个辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加er, est。happy --- happier --- happiest

（3）以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节词，双写结尾字母，再加er, est。red, big, hot, wet, thin, fat, sad, glad

（4）少数以er, ow结尾的闭音节词末尾加er, est。clever - clever - cleverest, narrow - narrower - narrowest

（5）大多数的双音节和多音节词借more, most完成。

* 副词

(1) 单音节和个别双音节词末尾加er, est。例如：high, higher, highest; fast, faster, fastest

(2) 绝大多数词借more, most完成。

*形容词和副词词级的特殊变化

原级 比较级 最高级

good, well better best

bad, ill, badly worse worst

old older, elder oldest, eldest

many, much more most

little less least

far farther, further farthest, furthest

*只做表语的表示状态的形容词无比较级和最高级：alive, awake, asleep, alone, afraid, ill

an ill girl (错) a sick girl (对) The girl is ill / sick.

6．比较级固定表达

* 前加the的三种情况

（1）在比较级的句子中有“of the two”这类意义的词组时

He is the thinner of the two boys. Lucy is the cleverer of the twins.

（2）在“the + 比较级……，the + 比较级……”句型中，表示“越是……，就越……”的意思。

The busier he is , the happier he feels. The harder you work, the more you will learn.

（3）在“one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数”结构中，表示“最……的……之一”的意思。

It’s one of the largest supermarkets in the town.

Mary is one of the most popular teachers in her colleges.

*“比较级 + and + 比较级”短语，表示“越来越……”的意思。

The world’s population is growing faster and faster.

English is becoming more and more important.

*“as + 形容词原级或副词原级 + as possible”= “as + 形容词原级或副词原级 + as sb. can”，表示“尽可能……”的意思

Please come as early as possible tomorrow morning.

Please come as early as you can tomorrow morning.

7. 最高级中in, of, among的用法：

* 介词in后面常接表示单位、团体、组织、时间概念等单数名词或代词。

That was the most exciting moment in 1949.

There is a factory near our school. He is the oldest in it.

Tom writes the most carefully in his class.

* 介词of后面常接的名词或代词与句中主语是同一类人或事物，一般为个体名词，由the + 基数词（+复数名词）或all + the + 复数名词表示。

This book is the most interesting of the five (books).

Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.

* 介词among后面常接宾格代词、指示代词以及没有修饰词的复数名词。

The tiger is the most terrible among animals.

I don’t know anybody among them.

This picture is the most beautiful among these.

8. 常见错误分析

(1) 上海比中国的其他城市都大。

Shanghai is larger than any city in China.

讲解：使用比较级时要避免自身和自身的比较。any city，任何一个城市，自然也包括上海，上海不可能比它本身还大。

正确：Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.

(2) 那本书是三本中最好的。

That book is the best in the three.

讲解：in和of均引出比较范围，in后面常接表示单位、团体、组织、时间概念等单数名词或代词；而of后的名词或代词与句中主语是同一类人或事物，一般为个体名词。

正确：That book is the best of the three.

(3) 星期天是我最繁忙的一天。

Sunday is the my busiest day.

讲解：形容词最高级前一般要用定冠词the，但当其前已经有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等限定词修饰时，应去掉the。

正确：Sunday is my busiest day.

(4) 他是两个人中较年轻的一个。

He is younger of the two.

讲解：一般说来，比较级前不用定冠词，最高级前要用定冠词，这是约定俗成的规则。但是如果比较范围是由of引出的两者之间的比较，则比较级前就要用定冠词the。

正确：He is the younger of the two.

(5) 孔令辉是世界上最好的乒乓球运动员之一。

Kong Linghui is one of the best Ping pong player in the world.

讲解：表示“最……之一”含义时应用“one of + 最高级 + 名词复数”结构。

正确：Kong Linghui is one of the best Ping pong players in the world.

(6) 我哥哥比我大得多。

My brother is very older than I.

讲解：very不可与比较级和最高级连用。比较级前的修饰语可以表示比较的程度，常用的有much, a little, a bit等。

正确： My brother is much older than I.

(7) 二年级的学生比一年级的学生多得多。

There are much more students in Grade Two than grade One.

讲解：比较级修饰名词时，如果该名词为可数名词，可用many, a few修饰；如果该名词为不可数名词，可用much, a little修饰。

正确：There are many more students in Grade Two than grade One.

(8) 芳芳写字比圆圆认真。

Fangfang writes more careful than Yuanyuan.

讲解：句中的谓语是行为动词write，修饰动词的词应该是副词，而不是形容词。

正确：Fangfang writes more carefully than Yuanyuan.

(9) 武汉的天气比沈阳热。

The weather of Wuhan is colder than Shenyang.

讲解：这里做比较的是武汉的天气和沈阳的天气，所以连词后不能是Shenyang。比较对象如果是象天气一类的不可数名词，并且表示泛指时用that来代替，而不能用特指的it。

正确：The weather of Wuhan is colder than that of Shenyang.

(10) 日本小轿车比美国小轿车便宜。

The cars of Japan sell cheaper than ones of America.

讲解：两者比较代替前面出现的复数名词时，ones是泛指，应该用those表示特指。

正确：The cars of Japan sell cheaper than those of America.

9．巧用形容词和副词的三个级别：

quite, rather, very, so，原级形、副紧跟后。

a little, a lot, much, far, even, still, 后面比较不可丢。

一人一物怎么样，定用原级来交谈。

两个as之间原，not as (so) … as表不如。

两人两物做比较，比较级加连词than。

某人某物最怎样，用最高级来判断。

of短语，in短语，比较范围在后边。

第六部分 介词

1．in

* in 年in 月in 年月，on日on 节on 某夜 （某个具体的半天）, at用于“点钟”“中午”和“深夜”。(和 “今天”、“明天”和 “昨天”有关的时间短语通常不加冠词.)

* 过……后（未来时间），与将来时连用：He will be back in an hour, in a week/in a few years’ time.

* in the tree（呆、落在树上）和 one the tree

* in bed 和 on the bed

* Don’t read in the sun. I saw your picture in the newspaper.

2. on

* 在……上面，有接触面on the desk, on the wall, on the tree（长在树上）(区分over 和 above)

* 表示手段和工具：on the phone, on the Internet，on the radio

* 表示“关于”：a book on Chinese history

3. at

* 表示场所：（比较狭窄的场所）at school, at home, at a factory, at 2 Brown Street

* 表示“集中于一点”：look at, arrive at, be good at, shout at

4. to

* 表示所属 “……的”： the key to…, the answer to …, the entrance to …, the ticket to …

5. towards

* 表示方向、朝向，而不是目的地

It will stop the sand from moving towards the rich farmland in the south.

6. onto

* on强调放置后的状态，onto强调整个“放置动作”。 She fell onto the floor.

7. from

8. by

* 表示时间: 在……前；截止到…… by the end of, by the year , by then (表示一个时间段)

* 表示场所: 在……旁边，距离比near更近，stand by me

* 通过……手段、方法，泛指工具方式，by bike/car/bus/train/taxi/boat/ship(sea/water)/plane(air)

注意：不用冠词，若用了冠词或物主代词修饰，就要相应地更换其他介词，by bike = on the / one’s bike

另外，使用这样的词组时，注意不要受汉语的干扰。（I by bike to school.）

9. with

* 具有、带有：He was a handsome boy with large bright eyes.

* 用某工具或方法：I see with my eyes. He wrote the letter with a new pen.

10. without

11. of

12. for

* 表示时间：达……之久（表示经过了多少时间），可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用，但经常和完成时连用，He has lived here for 20 years. We will stay in the city for two days. I watched TV for two hours last night.

* 表示目的地：向……leave for

13. about

* 询问某人某物的情况或提出建议: What (How) about your sister?

14. like

* 像，似: There is no place like home. 注意区分：He is like his mother.和 He likes his mother.

15. unlike

* 不似，不像，不同的，注意区分：dislike

16. behind

* 表示时间、进度：较……落后，比……晚，The train is ten minutes behind. far behind the times

17. under

* 表示位置: 在……之下, 注意和below的区别

* 表示“未满”，Children under six years old can not drink in the public.

18. above

* 表示“在……之上”，I saw the moon above the roof.，通常表示“上面”的范围，注意和“on、over”的区别。

19. below

* 表示“在……之下”，Shall I write my answer above or below the line? The temperature is six degrees below zero.，通常表示“上面”的范围，注意和“under”的区别。

20. over

* 表示“在……的上面，覆于……之上”，通常指不接触的“正上方”, The plane flew over the Rocky Mountains. He held his umbrella over me.

* 表示数量“超过……”,Over fifty people were at the party.

* 表示“遍及”: Dead leaves lay thick over the ground.

21. along

* 注意和alone的区别。

22. outside

23. inside

24. until

* 表示动作、状态的继续:（一直）……为止，在……以前,I waited until three o’clock, but he didn’t come.,注意和 not … until…的区别。

25. since

26. near

* 表示时间“接近于……”, He called me near midnight.

27. past

* 表示“超过……”，at half past eleven, I think the singer now is past 30

2． 表示场所

* 经过，通过，在……之前，与（某人）错过去,注意注意与动词pass的过去式passed之间的区别。

28. between

* 注意与among的区别

29. among

30. into

* 注意：He came into the classroom. 和 He came in.

31. against

* 表示反对、敌对: Are you against my plan? Our school played against K High School at baseball.

* 表示“靠着”：He is standing there against the wall.

32. around

* 表示“大约”：I’ll be there around 3 o’clock.

33. across

* 注意和“through”、“cross”的区别

The old man walked across the road carefully. The old man crossed the road carefully.

That bridge across this river is the oldest in the town. The river runs through the city.

34. through

35. before

* 表示地点“在……之前”，The accident took place just before me.

36. after

* 表示地点“在……之后”，The headmaster came in after the teacher.

37. as

* 当作……，充任……，She works as a shop assistant in a book shop.。注意和“like”的区别，As a teacher, I am very careful. The little girl talked like a teacher.

38. except

* 注意与“besides”的区别。 Except English, he doesn’t like any subject. (He likes English only)

Besides English, he likes maths, physics and other subjects.

39. out of

40. 介词短语

* 动词 + 介词: talk about, talk to, talk with, look at, listen to, call on, arrive at, arrive in, take care of, look after, wait for, speak to, stay with, think about, think of, come up with, write to, fill in, do well in, ask/call for help, borrow from, lend to, feed on, live on, get on with, fall behind, catch up with, think highly of, make a contribution to, thank for

* be + 形容词 + 介词: be kind to, be good at, be late for, be full of, be afraid of, be sorry for, be weak in, be amazed at, be famous for, be proud of, be covered with, be made of/in

* 介词 + 名词: in time, on time, in those days, by the way, by oneself, after school, of course, for a while, for example, for oneself, for hours (days, weeks, months, years), to one’s surprise, on earth, on show, on display, at the end of, on top of, at night, in the day, in the size of, in the north/south/east/west of（属于内部, to the north/south/west/east of（属于外部）

* 名词 + 介词: thanks to

* 其他: because of, instead of, spend on, spend in doing, pay for

41. 介词分类

* 表示时间的介词：at, on, in, till, by, from, for, since, during, before, after

* 表示地点的介词： in, on, over, under, above, below, by, beside, before, behind, around, between, among, to, from, along, into, out of, through, across

* 表示地点的介词in在里面on在上，by和beside在近旁；above表示在上方，below恰好为反向；若表正上用over，under表示正下方；in front of意在前，反意behind在后面。若在某时某地点，自然要把at选；从里穿过用through，表面通过用across；进到里面用into，落到上面用onto；from表示来何方，to和towards表朝向。

* 表示行为着或手段的介词：by, with

* 表示材料的介词：of, from, in

* 表示原因、理由的介词：from, of, at, for, with

* 表示目的的介词：for

* 表示起源、来源的介词：from, out of

* 表示附带状况的介词：with, without

* 表示除外的介词：except

* 表示所属、修饰的介词：of

第七部分 动词

一、 动词的分类

动词是表示动作与状态的词。英语动词有时态、语态、语气和人称、数等的变化。从是否被主语限制看，动词可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词两种。从含义上看，可分为实意动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四类。

1．实意动词：能独立作谓语的动词。根据其句法作用分为及物动词和不及物动词。

* 物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。

We do our homework every day. Mother bought a new watch.

* 不及物动词自身意义完整，无需接宾语，可单独使用成句，如需接宾语，需要在动词后加介词。

The sun rises in the east. She always sits in the back. She is singing.

I’m waiting for you. Listen to me, please.

* 有一部分动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。

The fly spreads disease. The news spreads quickly.

* 注意：动词在英语中是及物还时不及物，不是根据中文习惯来定的，因此，我们要多读、多记。

Do you agree to the plan? Look at the blackboard, please.

2．连系动词：用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态、性质特征或身份等。常见的连系动词分类：

* 表示状态的be, seem, appear等。

* 表示感觉的look, sound, feel, smell, taste等由变化而来。

* 表示状态变化的become, get, grow, turn, fall等。

* 其它：stand, keep, prove, remain等。

* 注意：系动词后不用副词，用形容词，系动词不用被动语态。She sings beautifully. Her song sounds beautiful.

3．助动词一般无实际意义，知识帮助构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等，或构成疑问式及否定式。英语的助动词有：be (am, is, are, was, were, been, being); have (has, had), do (does, did), shall (should), will (would)

4．情态动词：有一定的意义，无人称和数的变化，和不带to的动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气。

二、 动词的形式

英语动词有四种基本形式：动词原形（单三形式）、过去式、现在分词、过去分词。

1．单三人称：与名词变复数基本相同。

2．现在分词

* 直接加ing

* 以不发音的e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加ing

注意：seeing

* 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写这个辅音字母，再加ing

getting, sitting, putting, running, letting, cutting, hitting, digging, winning, stopping, shopping, dropping, swimming, beginning, forgetting, preferring 等等。

3．过去式

* 直接加ed，清对清，浊对浊

* 以e结尾的动词只加d

* 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写这个辅音字母，再加ed

* 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加ed

* 不规则变化

4．过去分词

* 大多数同动词过去式相同

三、 各种时态

1．一般现在时

* 注意第三人称动词的变化。

* 通常表示“习惯性、经常性的动作或状态”。

*一般现在时的使用场合分为两大类：第一，不受现在时间限制的场合；第二，与现在时间相关的场合。

使用场合 典型语句

1．表示不受现在时间限制的自然现象以及自然界的各种情况。 The sun rises in the east.Water boils at 100℃.

2．表示真理或道理，如某些格言、俗语等。 Practice makes perfect.Where there is a will, there is a way.

3．表示不受现在时间限制的客观事实。 Japan lies to the east of China. The river flows into the Pacific ocean.

4．表示涉及现在时间（往往是一个界限模糊的时间范围）的惯常动作。 Mary always gets up at 6 o’clock.We read English every morning.

5．某些表示现在时刻发生的动词可以使用一般现在时，但此用法仅限于特定动词。 I wish you a happy New Year.I declare the meeting open.

6．某些动词虽然发生在过去，但在表达习惯上往往采取一般现在时形式。（此点是学习时容易忽略的） Mrs. Brown invites us to the party.I hear that Lucy is leaving for home.

7．表示已经预先计划或安排肯定将要发生的动作。主要用于come, go, start, begin, leave, return, stop等瞬间动词。句中常有表示将来时间的状语。 Next week they leave for Shanghai.Our holidays begin in a month.

8．状态动词在涉及现在时间时不采取现在进行时形式，它们用一般现在时形式表示现在的状态。 I have a new car. What do you think about it?

附注：状态动词是用来表示某种状态的实意动词，分为四大类：1． 表示拥有的动词，如have, own, possess等。2． 表示态度的动词，如love, like, hate, prefer等。3． 表示感官活动的动词，如see, hear, smell等。4． 表示某种心智状况的动词，如want, forget, remember, think, believe, realize, understand, know等。

* 例: The sun rises in the east.

I want to know what has happened since I left.

As a student, I work very hard.

Everybody loves their own country.

Our summer holiday begins in July.

He will go shopping if he has time this afternoon.

2. 一般过去时

* 一般过去时是用来表示过去时间范围中的活动的一种时态，其中包括在过去一个时间点上发生的活动，也包括在过去一个时间段上发生的活动，还包括一些习惯用法。

使用场合 典型语句

1．表示发生在过去时间点上的动作。 I saw him yesterday.She came to see us yesterday.

2．表示发生在过去时间段上的动作，但侧重其延续的全过程，并暗示这一过程的终止。 He slept for only three hours last night.They stayed at home yesterday.

3．表示过去的惯常动作，用一般现在时表示惯常动作一样，此用法多与频度词语相关。 We had four English classes every week.Father smoked a lot three years ago.

4．表示过去连续发生的两个或几个动作，注意例句用and这一连词的情况。 He ate and listened to the radio.The teacher stepped into the office and sat down.

5．在含有状语从句的复合句中表示两个过去发生的动作的时间关系。 We went to the house when it began to rain.As he walked, he sang.

* 例: He often got to school late last term.

He came in, sat down and asked for a glass of beer.

I want to know where you went yesterday.

He didn’t have supper until his father came back.

3. 现在进行时

* 现在进行时与现在一段时间或现在时刻的活动相关，主要用于现在正在进行的动作，注意所谓“现在进行”的不同情况，并注意某些习惯用法。

使用场合 典型语句

1．表示现在正在进行的活动。 I am writing a letter now.Look! The boy is cleaning the window.

2．表示现在时间范围内有间断性的延续活动。 He is studying French at the university.My father is writing a novel.

3．表示一种尚未完结的渐变过程。 It is getting warmer and warmer.The world is becoming smaller.

4．与always, forever等副词连用，表示说话人厌烦或认为超过限度的动作。 He always is asking the question.She is forever changing her clothes.

5．表示将要发生的动作或在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，此用法限于某些表示位置转移的动词。 We are leaving for London tomorrow.I’m meeting an important person this afternoon.

* 例: He is studying French at the university.

The world is becoming smaller.

He is always asking questing. He is always working hard.

The bus is coming in a minute. We are leaving for London tomorrow.

4. 过去进行时

* 过去进行时的某些用法和现在进行时有相似之处，但也有某些习惯用法不尽相同。应该注意过去进行时在某些复合句中的时态配合问题，主句动词与从句动词在此种情况下具有各种不同类型的关系。

使用场合 典型语句

1．表示在过去某时刻正在进行的活动。 I was doing my homework at ten o’clock last night.It was raining when I woke up.

2．表示过去某段时间范围里有间断地延续的动作。 He was working in Nanjing at that time.They were building a new bridge.

3．在复合句中使用过去进行时。 He was reading while his wife was cooking.While he was driving, he was thinking about the matter.

4．特定用法：“过去进行时 + when + 一般过去时” 表示“某动作正在进行忽然间发生了另一动作”。 They were talking about the boss when the boss came in.I was walking down the street when it began to snow.

5．表示对过去某一时刻来说将要发生的动作，限于位置转移的动词。 He was coming a few days later.We were moving to another city.

* 例: They were talking about the boss when the boss came in.

He was reading while his wife was cooking.

5. 现在完成时

* 现在完成时涉及到现在，但动作不一定发生在现在这一时刻，它往往与说话人及其所处情景有密切关联。对于一个发生在过去的动作，则使用现在完成时。因此，现在完成时不仅是表示“现在完成了的”一个意思。现在完成时也用于动作从过去的某个时间开始，一直延续到现在。

使用场合 典型语句

1．表示过去发生的某动作对现在的影响。 I have seen him before.We have finished the work.

2．表示过去开始延续到现在的动作。 They have lived here for two years.She has stayed in bed for three days.

3．表示从过去到现在某动作总共发生的次数。 She has been to London twice.He has done it many times.

4．表示从过去到现在某动作所涉及的总数量。 The writer has written three novels.You have had four cakes.

5．其否定形式表示从过去到现在没有发生的动作，此时可用“for + 一段时间”的时间状语。 They haven’t heard from him for two years.He hasn’t cleaned the room for two days.

6．在since的特定语句中使用现在完成时。 She has worked in Shanghai since I came to China.Tom has been a university student since 3 years ago.

7．用现在完成时与特定词语结合表示说话人的态度情感。 I have never read such an interesting book.He is the cleverest boy I have ever met.

* have/has been to 和have/has gone to的区别。

* 要注意现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。

* 现在完成时的“三不”

1) 现在完成时不能和明确表示过去的时间状语连用，如just now, yesterday, last, in 1990等。

2) 现在完成时的瞬间动词肯定式不与“for/since”引导的时间状语连用。

3) 现在完成时不能同疑问副词when连用。

* 例: I can’t find my pen. Have you seen it?

- What time is it? - It’s nine o’clock. - Oh, I didn’t know it.

- Have you just arrived? - Yes. I arrived five minute ago.

He is the cleverest boy I have ever met.

He has made the same mistake many times.

We have read four books in this term.

It’s three years since we met last time. = It has been three years since we met last time

6. 过去完成时

* 是一个“相对过去”的时态。

使用场合 典型语句

1．表示过去某时前业已放生的动作或情况。（过去的过去）有时，句中有明显的过去时间的表述；有时句中没有明显的时间状语，时间由上下文表示出来。（过去完成时表示的动作比另一个过去动作先发生） By the end of last June, they had learned more than 3,000 English words.He suddenly remembered that he hadn’t locked the door.

2．在包含when, as soon as, before, after, until等连词的复合句中，如果主要谓语和从句谓语的过去动作是在不同时间发生的，那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示。 She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work.He had passed the button before we could stop him.

* 注意与一般过去时和现在完成时的区别。

* 例: In the afternoon, I got home at 4 o’clock. I finished my homework. Then I went out to play with my friends.

Before I went out to play with my friends, I had finished my homework.

After I had finished my homework, I went out to play with my friends.

We have learned more than 2000 English words.

We had learned more than 1700 English words by the end of last term.

He cleaned the room.

He told me he had cleaned the room.

7. 一般将来时

使用场合 典型语句

1．用will或shall表示将来的活动。 You will feel better after this medicine.There will be a meeting next week.

2．用be going to do表示主语打算在将来某时进行的动作。 We are going to have a meeting tomorrow.I am going to change a new job.

3．用be going to do表示将来某时很可能或注定要发生的事情。 Hurry up! We’re going to be late.It is going to rain.

4．表示位置转移的动词以进行时形式表示将来发生的事情。 She is going to Paris next week.They are leaving here on Sunday.

附注：表示位置转移的动词go, come, arrive, start, leave, take off, move

* 例: There will be a meeting next week.

They are leaving here on Sunday.

It is going to rain. 和 It will rain.

The train for Shanghai leaves at 7:00 p.m.

8. 过去将来时

* 是一个“相对过去”的时态。

使用场合 典型语句

1．用would表示将来。 They would have another good harvest.He would go to China the next year.

2．用be going to do表示将来，含有主语意图的成份。 They were going to start, but it rained.I was going to write to my mother but a friend of mine came, so I didn’t have time.

3．在宾语从句中，有时需要用过去将来的表达手段。 He said he would call me at seven.She asked me whether I was going to attend the party.

4．表示位置转移的动词用过去进行时表示过去将来。 I went to see Helen. She was leaving a few days later.He went to the station. His mother was arriving that afternoon

* 例: He will visit me tomorrow

He said he would visit me tomorrow / the next day.

五、比较与总结

1． 要注意两种关系：

* 第一种关系：时间与动作（或状态）的关系 (He did the work yesterday,. She will be back next week.)

* 第二种关系：动作与动作的关系（He was crying when I came in. They had started when I got there. ）

2． 要注意时间的分类：

* 时间点（具体某时间）

* 时间段（一段时间）

* 起始点模糊的时间（如…until…）

* 终止点模糊的时间（如from then on）

* 侧重终止点的时段（如…since…）

3． 要注意动作的分类：

* 点动作（如go, come, open）

* 段动作（如sleep, wait, live）

* 例: Wait until your mother comes back. He didn’t stop until I came in.

He was cooking when I came in. While he was cooking, I came in.

4．要注意“终止与延续”的动作, 终止性动词又称为非延续性动词或瞬间动词，表示动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束或产生某种结果。在有了某种结果之后，动作就不能再继续下去。使用时应注意：

* I have just bought/got a book. I had had the book for a week.

* I have just come/arrived. I have been here for an hour.

* His father has died. His father has been dead for a year.

* I have borrowed a book. I have kept the book for a week.

* My brother has joined the League. My brother has been a League member for a year.

* He has just left. He has been away for ten minutes.

* I have got/caught a cold. I have had a cold since last week.

* The film has started/begun. The film has been on for 5 minutes.

* She has become a teacher. She has been a teacher since she left college.

第八部分 词的辨析

1. look, see, watch, read 2. put on, wear, dress, dress up

3. cost, pay, spend, take 4. say, speak, talk, tell

5. borrow, lend, keep 6. laugh, smile, laugh at

7. find, find out, look for, discover, invent 8. take, bring, carry, fetch

9. arrive, reach, get to 10. listen to, hear, hear from, hear of

11. go to bed, go to sleep, fall asleep, be asleep 12. be good at, be good for, be good to

13. open, turn on, close, turn off, turn up, turn down 14. win, beat

15. leave, leave…for, leave…to 16. across, cross

17. across, through 18. along, lonely

19. every day, everyday 20. each, every

21. ill, sick 22. much too, too much

23. before long, long before 24. beside, besides, except

25. sometimes, sometime, some time, some times 26. so that, so… that…

27. the number of, a number of 28. because, because of

29. die, dead, death, dying 30. join, join in, take part in

31. be made of, be made from, be made in, be made into 32. noise, voice, sound

33. just, just now 34. be used for, be used to, used to

35. either, neither, none 36. either, too, also

37. forget, leave 38. stop to do, stop doing, stop sb. (from) doing

39. hit, beat 40. lie, lay

41. find, found 42. hope, wish

43. fun, funny 44. job, work

45. agree with, agree to 46. wonder, wander

47. pass, past 48. both, all

49. among, between 50. little, a little, few, a few

51. hard, hardly 52. right now, right away

53. other, the other, another, others, the others 54. in the end, at the end, by the end

55. accept, receive 56. to one’s surprise, be surprised, be surprising

57. surprise, worry, frighten, excite, interest 58. three hundred, hundreds of

59. in bed, on the bed 60. on the tree, in the tree

61. in front of, in the front of

第九部分 应考对策

*无论是做单项选择填空，还是做选词填空，一定要先审题，看懂题后再开始做出选择。有的时候，题目本身并不难，但有些同学因没有看懂题而过早或过分地去做语法分析，或按照某种搭配去考虑，这样造成的错误，往往很难改正。所以，在没有做出选择前，一定要多读两遍题，有时候，语言感觉也是很重要的,语境也能帮我们解决关键问题。

1. - When shall we meet?

- Let’s ________ it at half past four.

A. make B. take C. get D. set

2. - ________ you ________hard?

- Yes. Time passes and every minute is very important.

A. Do, work B. Have, worked C. Did, work D. Are, working

3. She tried her best to make her work __________.

A. well B. wonderful C. hardly D. beautifully

4. - You don’t think movie tickets are expensive, do you?

- ________. They are really expensive.

A. No, I don’t B. No, I do C. Yes, I do D. Yes, I don’t

5. When he left _____ college, he got a job as _____ reporter in a newspaper office.

A. 不填, a B.不填, the C. a, the D. the, the

6. We haven’t decided yet ______ to accept her invitation ______ to say no to her.

A. either, or B. both, and C. neither, nor D. whether, or

7. - Lucy is not coming tonight.

- But she ________!

A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised

8. She doesn’t know anyone here, so she has got ________ to talk to.

A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one

9. It _______________ (not rain) very often last summer, so now we are short of water.

10. I’ll take you back to France when you __________ (be) well.

11. The food that tastes __________ always sells __________.

A. good, good B. well, well C. good, well D. well, good

12. - __________ my dictionary?

- Yes I put it in your desk just now.

A. Do you see B. Have you seen C. Did you see D. Had you seen

13. - What about going to the Ocean Park?

- __________.

A. With pleasure B. Good idea C. That’s right D. I agree.

14. - Where does Mr. Smith live?

- He has been in London __________ the end of the war.

A. by B. at C. in D. since

15. This story __________ in a small town in 1956.

A. has taken place B. happen C. was happened D. took place

16. - How did you find your visit to the museum, Jane?

- __________.

A. Oh, wonderful, indeed B. By take a number 3 bus

C. I went there alone D. A classmate of mine showed me the way

17. He had little idea that it was getting so late, __________?

A. didn’t he B. wasn’t it C. did he D. was it

18. There is still __________ hope of our getting there in time. Let’s hurry.

A. little B. few C. a little D. a few

19. - At what time will the game start?

- At ten o’clock, and now my watch says 9:45. __________ won’t be long.

A. I B. It C. You D. They

20. - Would you like tea or coffee?

- __________. I prefer some water.

A. Neither B. Either C. Both D. None

21. – Are you sure our team will win?

- Of course. We have __________ players.

A. many B. more C. strong D. better

三、完形填空:

完形填空试题，主要侧重于检查学生的书面英语理解能力和完整地、准确地、有意义地使用英语语言的能力，是一种较难的试题形式。由于文章缺字，语义不连贯，其阅读、完形过程比一般的阅读理解更复杂，难度和要求也都提高了一步，因此完形填空也是不可能速成的项目。

完形填空试题学生应具备的基本条件与阅读理解相同，但在阅读方法和步骤、词汇、语义理解、修辞等方面对学生提出了新的要求。根据近年来完形试题的特点和学生容易出现的错误，做完形试题时应注意的几个问题：

1.近年来完形试题的命题趋势越来越倾向于语义，而考查语法的内容则越来越少，也就是说大多数选空中四个选项语法上都正确，但只有一个语义正确（读者可以在后面的范文分析中看到这种现象），必须在正确理解句意、段意甚至全文的基础上才能作出正确选择。这种命题趋势是为了顺应当前素质教育的潮流，同时也对学生的阅读理解能力、分析归纳能力以及联想推理能力提出了更高的要求。

2. 在开始做一篇完形试题时，应首先快速浏览一遍全文，了解一下文章的大意。如果文章较难，在缺文少字的情况下通读全文掌握大意有困难，那么至少应在文章的起始段（句）中找到文章的主要线索（即这篇文章要说什么），这与阅读理解的第一个步骤是一样的。如果一看到题目，就也读也填，读一句填一句，有的甚至把A、B、C、D选项纳入短文空格一起阅读，并在个别字眼上推来敲去，既浪费了时间，又错误不断。所以，正确的方法是做题前跳过空格，阅读了解文章所要讲的内容，尽快把文章看上一至二遍，通读宜粗且快，掌握大意，并找出文中的关键词。如果没有上述前提而盲目选择（凭感觉走着瞧），会由于目的不明，路线不清而到处乱撞，对于语义理解的选空远远多于语法内容的完形填空来说，这样做肯定会出现大面积的错误。

3. 完形填空的过程实际上就是根据全文大意或主要线索，在文章中的某一个局部“猜测”词语的过程。但这种“猜测”必须有依据，不能乱猜。应当遵循“先易后难，仔细推敲”的原则。除了文章的主线这个大前提以外，局部前后句子的语义，选空前或后面的暗示词语，一个人称代词甚至一个标点符号都可能成为猜测的依据。在初步选定一个选空以后，可以从后面的句中得到验证，有时前后选空之间有着互相提示和补充的关系。有时在局部的一个句子中出现两个或三个选空，这时如果先填最后一个，再依次填入第二个和第一个可能会更容易（局部的倒行逆施）。有时某一个或两个选空不能确定，需要填过几个空，读过一两个段落甚至全文后才能作最后决定。这样，随着理解的深入，一些答案就会自然而然地出现于脑海中。

4. 在全部选空完成以后，要复读全文，验证答案。检查过程中，应考虑短文是否前后贯通一致，情节发展是否合理，议论是否合乎逻辑，还应考虑短文语法结构是否完整，学生应从句法、词法、惯用法等方面综合考虑进行修改。。由于复查过程中头脑里的目标和线索更加清楚，对文章的中心思想和内涵会有新的认识，同时对一些细节会有新的发现，所以很可能会找出第一遍选择过程中的个别疏漏和错误，使整篇完形试题趋向完美。

5. 在完形填空试题中经常出现一些一词多义（兼类词或多义词）或一义多词的情况，例如：country （国家/乡下，农村），learn（学会/得知），tell（告诉，讲述/判断，区别），right（右/对的/正义的/权力），see (看见，明白)，等等。这些词语在完形填空和其他试题形式中出现时，必须根据句子的语义、语境和每个词各自的使用规律全面考虑，认真辨析，区别使用。

6. 对于文章中出现的生词及不熟悉的短语可根据它们在句中的位置，前后词语的搭配情况，语义、语境等条件猜测其意思。关键性的词语对文中某局部甚至全文的理解具有重要意义，应尽量搞懂其意义。如果对整体的理解影响不大，对于个别实在不懂的生词也可以放弃。通常地说来，在完形填空中出现的生词或不熟悉的短语，是不会影响读者对全文的理解的。

整个完形填空的步骤可以用28个字加以概括：速读全文，了解大意，逐项填补，瞻前顾后，上下连贯，复核全文，消除疏漏。

在中考前的复习阶段，如果有能力、有时间的情况下，应当每天，至少是每两天，认真做好与中考水平相当的完形填空。

We were going to play a team from a country school. They didn’t come until the game time arrived. They looked 1 than we had thought. They were wearing dirty blue jeans（仔裤）and looked like farm boys. We even thought that they had never seen a basketball before.

We all sat down. We felt that we didn’t 2 any practice against a team like that.

It was already so late that no 3 could be given to them for a warm–up.

The game began.

One of our boys 4 the ball and he shot（掷）a long pass to our forward（前锋）. From out of nowhere a boy in a dirty T–shirt 5 the pass and with a beautiful form（姿势）he shot and got two points（分）。

They 6 us.

Then they got another 7 of points in a minute.

Soon it was all over. The country team 8 us.

We certainly learned that even though a team is good, there is usually another 9 a little better. But the important lesson learned was: One can’t tell a man, or a team, by the 10 .

1. A. stronger B. younger C. worse D. less

2. A. get B. try C. use D. need

3. A. basket B. space C. ball D. time

4. A. got B. played C. missed D. carried

5. A. caught B. changed C. started D. stopped

6. A. surprised B. kept C. broke D. hit

7. A. half B. pair C. group D. double

8. A. won B. saved C. beat D. joined

9. A. just B. already C. about D. almost

10. A. T–shirts B. clothes C. places D. points

这是一篇较难的10个空的完形试题（选自中考试卷），其难点在于掌握主线和读懂中心意思。文章的第一句话就较难看明白。本文的中心意思是：一支（城区学校的）篮球队由于看不起来自乡村学校的服饰破烂、肮脏的球队，结果在比赛中惨遭失败。

本文10个选择题均无语法问题，全部考查语义理解，其中第6、7、8、10空较难。全部答案是：1.C, 2.D, 3.D, 4.A, 5.D, 6.A, 7.B, 8.C, 9.A, 10.B。

Mr Smith lived in the country and he wanted to go to an office in the city one day. He 1 the address on a letter, got 2 his car and drove to the city. He drove straight to the office without any 3 and stopped his car 4 the office. He locked his car and 5 the office, but suddenly he remembered that he 6 his key in the car ! He had to call his wife, a fiery-tempered（脾气暴躁的）woman, and 7 , “ Excuse me, I’ve locked my keys in my car. Please 8 me your keys. ”

Mrs Smith got into the second car. She had to drive twenty miles to 9 her husband. But 10 Mr Smith was waiting for his wife, he walked around 11 and tried the other 12 . It 13 ! Mr Smith 14 it quickly before his wife 15 .

1. A. look for B. found out C. found D. founded

2. A. into B. on C. off D. to

3. A. problem B. difficult C. question D. trouble

4. A. in the front of B. in front of C. in the middle of D. at the foot of

5. A. went in B. go into C. entered D. entered into

6. A. would lock B. has locked C. locked D. had locked

7. A. spoke B. said C. told D. talked

8. A. borrow B. lent C. take D. bring

9. A. see B. catch C. love D. look after

10. A. while B. because C. if D. so that

11. A. the office B. his car C. the street D. another car

12. A. door B. car C. key D. way

13. A. was locked B. worked C. was not locked D. could be started

14. A. locked B. opened C. threw D. hid

15. A. reached B. arrived C. got to D. came in

这是一篇难易程度适中的15空的完形试题。快速通读一遍全文可知其大意：史密斯先生一天开车去城里一家公司办事，到达目的地下车后他不小心把车钥匙锁在了车里，他不得不打电话请他脾气暴躁的妻子给他送另一把钥匙来。在等候妻子时他围着自己的车转来转去，突然发现……（到此为止文章的主要线索已经清楚了，我们不妨到文章的结尾再看结果。）本文只有第6空涉及语法内容，其他选择题全部考查词语用法及语义，应特别注意上面介绍过的许多近义词语的用法区别。全部答案是：1.C, 2.A, 3.D, 4.B, 5.C, 6.D, 7.B, 8.D, 9.A, 10.A, 11.B, 12.A, 13.C, 14.A, 15.B。

Dyson fixed the little box on Eva’s head. “ It’s a very clever 1 ,” he said. “ When a person tells a lie（谎）, this needle（针）here moves 2 . The numbers 0 to 20 show the 3 of the lie. Now talk to me. Tell me a few good lies. ”

Eva laughed. “ What about ? I never tell 4 !”

The 5 moved from zero to 4. “ You’ve just told one,” Dyson said. “ A group 4 lie - 6 and uninteresting. People often say, I never tell lies. It isn’t a 7 , of course. Tell me a big, exciting lie. ”

“ What about this, 8 ? You’ve got an ugly（丑陋的）face, Tom Dyson. ”

The needle 9 to zero. “ No lie,” Dyson said. “ So my mum was right, then. She always said I was an 10 child. But this isn’t a joke, Eva. The police use 11 like this. Suppose（假设）a man 12 somebody, the police 13 him; and he says, No! No! I didn’t kill anybody! Now that’s an excellent（极好的） 14 . It would send the needle round to 15 . Think of a fat lie, like that……”

“ I hate you, Tom Dyson! ” Eva cried. “ Oh, 16 I hate you! Is that lie big enough ? Tell me--what 17 is it in ? ”

Dyson was looking at the needle. “ Funny, ” he said. “ It seems to be stuck（粘住）at 20. There must be something 18 with it. ” He picked up the machine and shook it. The needle 19 at 20. “ No good, ” he said. “ It’s never been wrong before. Eva, have you……? ” He looked at her then. He didn’t understand the 20 on her face.

1. A. man B. monkey C. machine D. clock

2. A. round B. back C. off D. away

3. A. color B. size C. time D. place

4. A. stories B. then C. something D. lies

5. A. box B. lie C. needle D. machine

6. A. small B. big C. surprising D. wonderful

7. A. business B. fact C. lie D. story

8. A. though B. then C. indeed D. at last

9. A. went up B. was able C. came D. fell back

10. A. clever B. important C. ugly D. good-looking

11. A. machines B. people C. needles D. lies

12. A. beats B. loves C. hates D. kills

13. A. tell B. question C. answer D. look at

14. A. story B. reply C. lie D. fact

15. A. 3 B. 5 C. 20 D. zero

16. A. how B. can C. so D. what

17. A. kind B. number C. group D. size

18. A. funny B. wrong C. interesting D. exciting

19. A. repeated B. stayed C. sat D. stopped

20. A. surprise B. joy C. smile D. look

这是一篇难易程度适中的20空的完形试题，其测试重心仍是语义理解和归纳总结能力。本文故事情节并不十分复杂，但要真正理解作者在字里行间要向读者传达的内在信息就不那么容易了。读者在阅读本文过程中应注意两个问题，第一是注意掌握主要线索，第二是根据主要线索和情节理解文中的人物关系。

通过快速阅读可以看出故事情节中只有两个人物：Dyson和Eva。那么他们在干什么呢？从第一段中“the little box, needle（指针），numbers”和“tell a lie（说谎）”等暗示条件可看出他们正在做测谎试验。本文20个选择题基本上没有涉及语法内容，全部考查语义理解。全部答案是：1、C 2、A 3、B 4、D 5、C 6、A 7、B 8、B 9、D 10、C 11、A 12、D 13、B 14、C 15、C 16、A 17、C 18、B 19、B 20、D

四、阅读理解:

中考阅读理解试题，一般包括两之三篇短文。文章内容的难易程度不完全相同。第一篇基本上相当于教材课文的难度，比较容易理解。第二篇和第三篇难度往往高于教材课文，理解比较困难。生词率在学生基本掌握教材词汇的基础上一般在2%以内，并提供部分生词注解。阅读理解试题属于难度较高的测试项目，它主要侧重于检查学生的书面英语理解能力和综合运用英语语言的能力，其测试重点主要体现在阅读速度和阅读理解两方面。新的英语教学大纲要求阅读速度应达到40~50词/分钟；阅读理解的正确率达到70%。

许多学生在作英语阅读时感到很吃力，读了几遍也讲不清文章说了些什么，从而丧失了对阅读的自信心，甚至惧怕阅读，放弃阅读。其原因是多方面的，但首先是词汇问题。学生的词汇量不够是影响阅读成绩的最大障碍，也是目前许多学生惧怕、放弃阅读的主要原因。若想阅读理解的正确率达到70%，至少应具有基本正常的词汇量（包括常见的单词、词组和短语等），能够识记80%以上的初中英语词汇，并熟悉一词多义，一义多词，词的类型，词的辨析以及常用的词语固定搭配等。词汇量低于初中所学词汇的50%者根本无法完成阅读试题（这部分学生除个别人有智力因素外，大多数词汇量低者都是懒惰情绪所致）。即使词汇量基本正常（70-80%以上）者，可能由于平时阅读量过小或阅读内容过浅，在文章的关键部分出现的生词也会影响到学生对某句、某段落甚至全文的理解。由此可见必须在保证基本掌握课内词汇的前提下，尽可能多地增加课外词汇量。

其次是阅读的方法和技巧问题。近年来阅读试题的类型以叙述文为主。 在阅读叙述文时，关键在于开头和结尾，在故事的中间段应沿着主要线索尽可能多地理解并记住故事的情节和与情节有关的一切细节，了解故事的起因，掌握故事的主要经过。整个阅读过程可以总结为：开头找主线，中间记情节，结尾重分析。但在实际阅读训练中会有各种不同情况，所以应具体情况具体分析，灵活地运用规律。除了叙述文以外，近年来还有人物传记，科普性文章以及介绍西方不同国家风土人情的说明文等等。此类文章的阅读方法仍有找主线的问题，在阅读过程中应尽力去掌握其中说明的基本事实。这些文章的内容往往会涉及许多自然科学、社会科学等方面的知识，以及西方文化和不同的风俗习惯等常识。因此个人的阅历和生活经验可能会影响这类文章的阅读质量。如果平时兴趣广泛，注意各方面知识的积累，阅读此类文章时会得以更好地发挥。

在阅读中作判断和选择时应注意以下几个技巧及注意事项：

1．对判断或选择题中的细节问题一定要在原文中找到根据（原话或暗示条件），并用笔勾划出来，然后认真对照检查，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义，确认无误后再作决定。

2．在一般性的判断或选择中要顺应作者意图，想作者所想，不应加入个人的意愿和情感。在需要进行分析、推理的判断或选择题中，应以文章中的基本事实为依据去发挥想象力，所用的逻辑应是公认的正常的逻辑，不应过于偏激。问及对某个问题的看法与态度，要记住是在文作者的态度，而不是问阅读者的看法、态度、经验。

3．认真审题，。如：“ Which of the following is NOT true ? ”句中的 “ not ”就常有被忽略而造成错选的现象。另外，细致看完所有选项，避免主观臆断。

4．遇到生词，要根据上下文和一定的构词法知识。如前缀、后缀来分析、判断、猜测其词形和含义。其实，通过上下文和构词法猜测生词，在阅读过程中应当是一个自然的过程，而不应当是个刻意的过程，况且，并不是阅读中出现的生词都会影响到读者对文章的理解，因此，也不是文章中出现的每一个生词都需要猜测。若要实现下述过程，平时加大阅读量。

5．结论或推理性考查。这类试题答案的选择往往无所谓正确与错误之别，而是最佳与非最佳之别。因此须读懂通篇文章，弄懂作者的写作要旨，按照文章的内容和逻辑关系，通过文章中的事实做出符合原文逻辑或主旨的结论或推论，才能选出最佳答案。切不可将文章中的事实作为推理的结果，做出选择。

6．选择标题的一般标准是：一要切题，即能概括出全文的主旨；二要简洁，即文字要简单明了。切不可将文章的某个细节、情节或短落的内容作为文章的题目。概括中心意思时，要注意不可离题太远、太笼统，但也不要之概括一段或几句的意思。

阅读理解解题步骤

1．如果文章带标题，应仔细看标题，标题是文章主题的高度概括，它可以给我们一些启示和线索。

2．先快速浏览一下全文，大概了解一下文章体裁，中文注释的单词是什么意思。（这一步要快）。

3．看阅读理解题，不看选项，为第二遍的细读做好准备。

4．仔细看原文，凡是人物、数字或地名用笔做记号，没有弄明白的地方已可以划个线，一边看完全文在重读，读时注意要弄明白句子的结构。

5．看完全文，即可做题，要注意四个选项都看看，不要只看一两个就做出判断。对有把握的题，在做完判断后，就不要这回原文核对了，但对没有把握的题应把相关的句和段重看一次。

英语阅读中的常见问题及对策

问题1. 以为读得越慢，对文章的信息了解越多，理解程度也越高。阅读的根本目的是理解，所以阅读速度可以看为理解速度。低于理解速度的慢速阅读会分散我们的注意力，不利于抓住文章的关键内容，从而降低理解率。

对策：

1．经常进行限时阅读。不仅注意准确率，更要注重速度，逐渐养成习惯。

2．强制把手或笔等物体离开读物。让大脑活动、眼睛转动。

3．扩大视幅，进行意群阅读。逐词阅读还会割断词与词的联系。

4．如果是理解能力差造成阅读速度慢，应加强语言基础知识的训练，并学习一些阅读技巧。

问题2. 阅读时将文字读出声来，或在心里清晰地发出单词的音。实验证明，默读的速度是朗读速度的2倍。过分依赖声音而非语意，将影响阅读的广度和深度。

对策：

1．阅读时紧闭双唇。

2．有意识地将阅读速度加快到超过讲话的最快速度，通过多读就可以达到此目标。

问题3. 对已读过的内容感到不放心或因没看懂某个或某几个句子，再次倒回去读。倒读次数太多会影响阅读速度，也不利于掌握整篇文章的意思。对一篇文章的理解一般情况是相对的，并不要求记住每个细节。

对策：

1．建立只读一遍就能懂的自信心。

2．首先理解文章大意。尤其在平时泛读的过程中，更没有必要字斟句酌地去读文章。

3．阅读中目光始终从左到右移动。（除根据题目要求，有必要重读有些内容外）

问题4.平时阅读中不适当地、非常频繁地使用（电子）词典过分依赖词典会使阅读效率低下，一篇文章变得支离破碎，不利于整体把握文章的主旨大意。

对策：

1．平时英语基础知识学习的过程中要注意单词的积累。

2．平时阅读训练时，选择在词汇和语法深度上与自己相当的材料。（生词＜＝10）

3．采用上下文分析或根据词根、前、后缀等方法猜词。

4．完成阅读训练任务后,有必要重读该文章，查生词的准确含义，并记忆。

问题5. 遇到长一点的句子，特别是带有从句的复合句就读不懂，从而影响了阅读速度和对整篇文章的理解。

对策：

1．定语从句、同位语从句、主语从句及it作形式主语的句子是英译汉的难点，平时可以专门找些这样的从句翻译一下。

2．对于平时在阅读过程中，出现的不懂得长句，一定要请教老师，然后再反复捉摸中英文语序、结构上的差异。

总之，阅读应该是一个很自然得过程，是一项基本技能。阅读应该培养阅读的流畅性是指要学会在快速阅读的同时还要理解的更多培养阅读的流畅性是指要学会在快速阅读的同时还要理解的更多。阅读的流畅性指的是在阅读过程中不降低阅读速度或是停下来查字典。阅读过程中遇到生词就停下来是无法提高阅读的流畅性的，阅读的重点应放在抓住文章大意和获取你所需要的信息上。扩大词汇量也有助于改善阅读的流畅性。知道的词汇越多，越能更快的阅读，更好的理解。加大阅读量，才能做到熟能生巧。只有做到流畅阅读，才能使阅读本身变得容易，感到阅读容易了，才会有更多的阅读欲望。中考前这一阶段，每天至少已当完成阅读两篇。

Passage 1.

Secretary

Jenny loves office work but it's hard on her figure. All those sandwich lunches and her sweet tooth added up to extra pounds till Jenny started slimming(减肥) with Bisks.

Every lunchtime she'd have a Bisks chocolate bar with a glass of milk. It filled her up

篇3：NSEFC 高二Unit18 词汇

Unit18

n: officer; rider; pilot; vest; heel; petrol; background; possibility; perception; connection; trial; patent; electronics; glue; storage; relativity; flavour; metaphor; typewriter; laptop; desktop; palmtop; Eniac

Mozart; Samuel Norse; Mona Lisa; Charles Chaplin; John Denver; Issac Newton; Abraham Lincoln; Eve; Helen Keller;

v:; rephrase; reject; aware; paste

adj. edible; inflatable; creative; partial; visible; previous; dusty;

adv: otherwise

phrases: allow for; get stuck; break away from; be aware of; trial and error; after all; keep track of

1. pilot: someone who flies an aircraft

2. vest: a piece of underwear that you wear under a shirt

3. heel: the back part of your foot

4. petrol: gas

background: This is a photo of Mary with our house in the background. 这是玛丽的照片，背景是我家的房子。

He always paints ships against a background of stormy shies他常画暴风雨中的船舶。

The talks are taking place against a background of economic uncertainty.

5. possibility: The new invention contains wonderful possibilities. 新发明具有极好的未来。

There is no possibility of his coming. 他不可能来。

6. perception: The public perception of him as a hero is surprising.

7. connection: We have connections with various international corporations in Europe.

我们同欧洲的多家跨国公司有业务往来。

8. trial: The man was on trial for killing sb. 此人因杀人而受审。

The trial ended with a hung jury. 审判因陪审团不能作出一致的决定而悬而不决。

The trial flight has made the grade. 试飞成功。

The trial pilot is heading triumphantly for home.

9. patent: The government patented the device to its inventor. 政府给予发明者专利权。

10. electronics: Electronic devices and systems: 电子装置和组件：

The electronics aboard the new aircraft are very sophisticated. 安装在新飞行器上的电子器件非常复杂

11. glue: This glue is our new product and makes a firmer bond. ”这种胶水是我们的新产品,粘结力很强。“

12. storage: a storage closet; storage facilities. 小贮藏室；贮藏设备

relativity: the general [restricted, special] theory of relativity广义[狭义]相对论

metaphor: In poetry the rose is often a metaphor for love. 玫瑰在诗中通常作为爱的象征。

13. reject: He rejected their invitation point-blank. 他直截了当地拒绝了他们 的邀请。

We rejected his idea for a music club, and decided to have an art club instead.

我们没有采纳他关于成立音乐俱乐部的想法，而是决定成立艺术俱乐部。

14. aware: I was not aware of the fire. 我没有意识到火。

We were quite aware (of) how you would respond to our terms.

我们十分清楚你们对我们提出的条件肯定会有什么反应。

He doesn't seem to be aware of the coldness of their attitude towards his appeal.

他好象没有意识到大家对他呼吁,态度冷淡。

15. The principal didn't seem to be aware that there should have been so much dispute about the 16. decision. 校长好象没有意识到这个决定竟会有这么多分歧。

paste: ”Before starting to make bread, you'll have to make a paste of flour, fat and water.“

”你得先把面粉、油脂和水混合制成糊状物,然后再开始制作面包。"

edible: Are these berries edible, or are they poisonous? 这些草莓可以吃，还是有毒？

inflatable: an inflatable mattress. 一个充气床垫

creative: creative writing. 有创意的写作

partial: The research project was only a partial success. 那个研究课题只取得部分成功。

I'm very partial to sweet foods. 我特别喜欢甜食。

visible: The smoke from the fire was visible from the road. 从马路上可以看见那火里冒出的烟。显而易见的；看得出来的

This object serves no visible purpose. 这东西看不出有什么用处。

17. previous: He has had no previous experience of this kind of job. 他从前没有做这种工作的经验。

18. dusty:

19. allow for:

20. get stuck:

21. break away from:

22. be aware of:

23. trial and error:

24. after all:

25. keep track of:

Other phrases:

environmental friendly

fit comfortably on sb

the keyboard vest

let the air out

be born creative

come up with ideas for …

have much in common

do well in school

get high test scores

one of the high valued skills

a matter of habits

limit one’s thinking

rephrase a problem

try possible solutions

get stuck

give clues

a conscious effort

to break away from

old thought patters

explore new possibilities

in perceptions

series of different attempts

several false starts

remain hidden

be connected to

are aware of …

combine … and …

make connections

think of new applications

the result of a long process of trial and errors

force sb. to do …

feel inspired

one’s thought

change that much

at such a high pace

the true challenge

think about

allow sb. to do something we could not do before

be around the corner

remain to be seen

shape one’s future

sound incredible

reflect light

let the light rays bounce back

in the normal way

at an angle

see through objects

have many potential uses

face major surgery

be well-trained

cure .. with less risk

seem ridiculous to sb.

build a device

visual information

make something out of nothing

according to their theories

law of physics

space motion

turn out to be endless

become available to…

take something for granted

篇4：NSEFC 高二Unit19 词汇

Unit19

I. n merchant; crown; mercy; enemy; weakness; judgement ; gentleman; greeting; envy; consequence; fortune; bargain; deed; surgeon; requirement; court; justice; kindness; punishment; order; sword;

l duke; masterpiece; ducat; fate; scale; tragedy; revenge

l Venice; Hamlet; Romeo; Juliet; Troilus; Cressida; Bassanio; Antonio; Portia; Shylock; Duke; Bellario

v. deny; envy; accuse; bargain; bless; declare; punish; order;

adj: reasonable; troublesome; merciful; legal; worthy; complex; adv: therefore;

phrases: pay back; have mercy on; go about; as far as I know; tear up; at the mercy of; go down on one’s knees

II.

1.deny;

I said that he had stolen my bicycle, but he denied it.

These children are denied access to education.

2. envy n, v

What a wonderful thing it is to be a musician! How I envy you.

envy sb sth.; be in envy of sb.'s success羡慕某人的成功

Their new pool made them the envy of their neighbors.

3. accuse;

What are you accused of?

4. bargain

I’ve kept my side of bargain and I expect him to keep his.

5. bless

It is twice blessed: It blessed those who give it, and those who receive it.

6. declare;

I declare the court allows it and the law gives it to you.

India declared her independence in 1947.

7.punish;

They must be punished for what they have done.

The teacher punished the noisy children by making them stay after school.

8. order;

order sb to do sth; order that sb should do

He ordered them to leave.

The King ordered that the man be set free.

9.mercy;

Have mercy on him, Mary.

Mercy falls like the gentle rain from the sky upon the earth.

show mercy to sb; throw oneself on sb’s mercy

leave sb/sth to the mercy of sth/sb

at the mercy of sb/sth

10. enemy: make enemy with

His behavior made him many enemies.

11. greeting

to offer greetings to sb.向某人致意; greeting card贺卡, 卡片

12.fortune;

She made a fortune selling her new book.

The family’s fortune almost changed almost overnight.

13. bargain

This jacket is a real bargain at such a low price.

这件夹克衫这么便宜,真划得来。

If you bargain with them they might reduce the price.

你讲讲价,他们可能会把价钱降低。

14. reasonable a reasonable price

15．worthy; worth

He is worthy of our praise. 他值得我们表扬

a worthy cause正义的事业a worthy life有价值的生活

This book is worthy of being read [to be read].这本书值得一读。

Be worth doing; be worthy of being done/ be worthy to be done

16.therefore;

He was ill, and therefore could not come.他病了, 所以未能来。

17. legal ; legally; illegal

a legal right.; a legal holiday

18. complex The situation is very complex.

P66.

1. take place pay back

2. people of different ages

3. in modern times

4. make an important decision

5. make a play a masterpieces

6. as far as I know

7. in this particular case

P67

8.play a cruel game

9.give up

10. have mercy on

11 show mercy to sb;

12 throw oneself on sb’s mercy

13. at the mercy of sb/sth

14.a sign of weakness

15. pass judgement on sb

16.hope for

17.a most troublesome case

18.be seated

19. a learned judge

20.accuse sb of sth

21.according to the law

22. cut off

23. tear up

24. bleed to death

25. take sb in the arm

26.feel sorry for sb

27. face an enemy with a heart of stone

28.be in love with

29. on one condition

30 sign an agreement

31. so young a body with so wise a head

32. take away from

33. go down on one’s knee

34. beg sb for mercy

35. sth be as dear to sb as life itself

P138

36. be of much value

37.for the sake of

38.have a human side

39.break the rules

40.be pleased with

41.in secret

42. get married

43. escape from

44. show amazing courage

45. a loyal young woman of strength and self-determination

46. a character of passion and imagination

47. stand out

48. sb with sharp mind

49. play with words

50. make the law work for sb

51. sb deserve to be admire

52. win sb’s trust

53. care for

54. earn a place in the heart of sb

III sentences

1. It is useless trying to argue with him

2. This is a most troublesome case.

3. I’ve kept my side of the bargin and I expect him to keep his.

4. Mercy brings good.Mercy falls like the gentle rain from the sky upon the earth.

5. It is twice blessed: It blesses those who give it, and those who receive it.

6. It is the highest of the highest.

7. I’ll pay him back with all my heart.

8. I declare the court gives it and the law gives it to you.

9. I feel sorry for you. You’ve come to face an enemy with a heart of stone, who knows neither pity nor mercy.

10. You shall get justice more than you wanted.

11. My money and goods are as dear to me as life itself.

12. She is known for the goodness of her heart, her feeling of love and caring.

13. Although her role in the play is rather small, she shines as heroine of goodness and wisdom, and has earned a place in the hearts of all readers of King Lear

.

篇5：NSEFC 高三Listening for workbook

Unit1

Listening text

Part 1

Before a record is accepted by the Guinness Book of World Records, it must pass the following tests. First of all, there must be at least two witnesses. The witnesses must be known to the public, so they can抰 be simply friends or members of your family. In fact, relatives are not allowed to act as witnesses to a Guinness world record. The best witnesses are usually people who work for the city or government, such as policemen, judges, or leaders. The witnesses must read the Guinness rules before the attempt is made, and then write and sign their statements. Second, you must be able to prove that you broke the record in some other way, usually by sending in an article about the attempt from the local newspaper. It抯 also important to take pictures of the record attempt and film it if possible. If you want to break a record, the most important thing to remember is to ask for the rules before you do anything. The Guinness Book of World Records has rules for all sorts of attempts, and you will need to know exactly what you should and shouldn抰 do. The editors at Guinness can also help you by giving you the latest information about a certain record. If you are trying to break an existing record, you need to know if the record has already been broken. If you are trying to set a new type of record, you need to find out if the editors will accept it. If the record is dangerous, you must know about strict safety rules and follow them. There are many strange records in the Guinness Book of World Records, but the editors will not allow any records that are very dangerous.

Part 2

Even if you do set a new record, it isn抰 sure that your record will be included in the book. There are a few basic rules for Guinness records. First, officials must be able to measure the record. Second, as mentioned before, independent witnesses must observe the record and send in a statement. Third, a record must be objective. That means that a record such as 搈ost beautiful girl?or 揵est friend?won抰 be accepted. A record should also be interesting to as many people as possible. Records that have to do with things that happen only once, such as 搕he first??won抰 end up in the book. It is also important that the editors can make rules so that anyone who wants to try to break the record will have a fair chance. If these basic rules are met, the record will be accepted as a Guinness world record. However, a record won抰 appear in the book unless it is chosen by the editors. The editors of the Guinness Book of World Records have to make many difficult decisions. People are very creative and send in all kinds of exciting records. It isn抰 always easy to choose the right ones for the book. The book is read by people all over the world, and the editors must select records that represent the spirit of the Guinness Book of World Records梩hat is, amazing feats and achievements that show just how wonderful the world of world records is!

Unit2

LISTENING TEXT

H: Henry M: Mike, an elephant hunter

H: Mike, what was it that you heard about my brother抯 journey?

M: I heard that he went looking for Solomon抯 Mines.

H: Solomon抯 Mines? Where are they?

M: I don抰 know. I know where they抮e said to be.

H: Tell me, please!

M: Well, South African elephant hunters usually don抰 care much for the life and culture of native blacks. But sometimes you meet a man who takes the trouble to listen to them, and understand the history of this dark land. It was such a man who first told me the story of Solomon抯 Mines, now thirty years ago. His name was Brown. I listened carefully to him, for I was young at the time, and this story of an ancient civilisation and its treasures took a great hold upon my imagination. He asked me whether I抎 ever heard of the Suliman Mountains up in the northwest of the country. He said that that抯 where Solomon really had his mines, his diamond mines. I asked him how he knew that. He answered that an old witch had told him all about it. She said that there were great wizards among the people who lived across those mountains. The wizards had learnt what they knew from white men a long time ago. They also had the secret of a wonderful mine of 揵right stones?

H: So did you go and look for that place?

M: No, I didn抰. I laughed at this story at the time, but I didn抰 forget it. Twenty years later I heard something more about it from a man passing through. When he left he said that if we would ever meet again he would be the richest man in the world. One evening, while sitting in front of my tent, I saw a figure, apparently that of a European, for it wore a coat, coming out of the desert. The figure crept along on its hands and knees, then it got up and walked a few yards on its legs, only to fall and crawl again. Who do you suppose it turned out to be?

H: That man, of course.

M: Yes, or rather his skeleton and a little skin.

揥ater! please, water!攈e begged.

I gave him water with a little milk in it, and then he fell asleep. He had a fever and in his dreams he talked about Suliman抯 Mountains, the diamonds, and the desert. 揟here it is!攈e cried, pointing with his long, thin arm, 揃ut I shall never reach it, never. No one will ever reach it!?

Unit 3

Listening text

Part 1

(Woman, Australian accent)

Bush fire

An Australian woman is talking on a radio programme about her escape from the bushfires near Sydney in 1994.

The first thing I did when I woke up in the morning was to watch the TV news. I could see that the situation was bad, and they showed a map where the fires were. Outside in the garden I couldn抰 see the sun, as the sky was full of smoke.

I decided I抎 better prepare to leave. My daughters were staying in town and my husband was abroad, so it was up to me to decide what to do. I packed a suitcase of clothes and another case of useful things. It抯 difficult in this kind of situation to know what to take with you. So, I took my passport and my bankbook and all the money I had. I took also my diary, my address book and my camera. Finally I took our wedding photographs, as I didn抰 want to lose those.

Out in the garden the sky was getting blacker, and the wind which had been blowing hard for two days was getting stronger. I could now hear the sound of the fire which was only a mile or two away. I was expecting the police to drive by and warn people. Suddenly I noticed little pieces of burning wood falling out of the sky. They landed on the ground and started to burn the grass. I didn抰 wait a moment longer. I got into my car and drove down the road. The smoke was thick and at times it was difficult to see the road. Animals were running across the road, trying to escape the fire. There were dogs, a few horses, and lots of kangaroos. Five miles down the road I came to a long bridge over the river. Once on the other side, I knew I was safe.

Part 2

(A = Radio announcer; male or female, Australian accent)

A: Good morning, listeners. Still hot and dry today and we would like to remind you that people in the following areas may need to leave their homes: Green Hill, Jonestown, and Wesley. The fire is still burning and we advise you to stay tuned for more information. You may have to leave the area if the winds change, so please take the following actions:

l If you have a car, check that it is working properly and park it where you can easily get to it. Close all doors, roll up the windows, and leave the keys in the car. Put emergency supplies in the car. You will need water, some food, a first-aid kit, a radio and a flashlight. Put important documents, such as your bankbooks and passports, in a plastic bag.

l Make sure that you are wearing good clothes. Put on heavy shoes, long pants, a long-sleeved shirt and gloves. Bring a towel that you can use to protect your face.

l Call a friend or relative who lives in a safe area and ask if you can stay with them.

l Close all windows and doors in your house and remove the curtains.

l Turn off the gas.

l Fill buckets, bathtubs, and other containers with water.

If you are asked to leave the house, you must do so immediately. Bring only what you need and tell someone when you leave and where you are going. Try to stay calm and listen to the radio for instructions. Choose a road that looks safe and keep an eye on the fire and the wind.

Unit 4

Listening text

G = Guide V = Visitor

V: Excuse me, can you tell us something about the history of Kew Gardens?

G: Botanical gardens have a long history in the UK, beginning with the foundation of the Oxford Botanical Garden in 1621. Kew Gardens was developed (built) in the 16th century. International importance came under the guidance of Sir Joseph Banks. He changed Kew from a royal collection of strange plants to a serious scientific research centre.

V: So what is the purpose of Kew Gardens today?

G: The motto forming the inspiration for Kew Gardens is simple but clear: 揂ll life depends on plants.?The main purpose of Kew is to come to a better management of the earth抯 environment. We try to do that by increasing knowledge and understanding of plants. After all, they form the basis of life on earth.

V: How can Kew Gardens reach this goal?

G: Kew wants to achieve this by:

?developing a global collection of plants and show it to the public;

?undertaking worldwide research into botany;

?supporting the conservation of plants in the UK and overseas;

?and informing and educating the wider public about Kew Gardens and their work.

V: If I may ask, what is there to see at Kew Gardens?

G: Kew has many plants in glasshouses and more than 20 different specialized gardens, such as the Rock Garden, Rose Garden, Woodland Garden and the Winter Garden.

V: I hear that they also have a Grass Garden. What can be interesting about that?

G: The Grass Garden shows a great number of different grasses. In economic sense, (Economically speaking) the grass family is one of the most important plant families. It provides most of our food, feeds our cattle and provides building materials such as bamboo and straw. Only three different bamboos are shown in the Grass Garden. More can be found in the Bamboo Garden. Over 120 species of bamboo planted there come from all over the world.

V: Well, I抦 afraid that抯 a bit boring for me. I think I抎 have a look at the Rose Garden.

G: Of course, the Rose Garden attracts most visitors. It has 54 rose beds, each containing a different variety of rose. The roses are all arranged by the colour of their flowers. Shades of red are closest to the Palm House, while the lighter-coloured roses, such as the white and yellow ones, are planted near the edge of the garden.

Unit 5

Listening text

Part 1

Harry, Jenny, and Brian are discussing their advertisement plans for a new product.

H = Harry; J = Jenny; B = Brian

H: So, how much money have we got to spend?

B: Seven hundred and fifty thousand pounds. Jenny, what do you suggest?

J: I suggest that we use mainly TV, cinema, and print.

B: I see, magazines and newspapers. Can you give us your reasons?

J: Sure. First, our product looks good. So it would be a waste of money to use radio. Second, our product moves well, and it moves fast. So I want people to see it on the roads in our ads, going through the hills, that kind of thing.

B: What about advertising boards?

J: No. I prefer magazines and newspapers, and we haven抰 got the money to do all three. So people will see the ad on TV and in the cinema. Then they抣l be able to read about it when they抮e sitting down, reading their newspapers and magazines.

H: I get the idea. Then customers can read the detailed product information and check the prices.

J: Exactly.

H: So no advertising boards. When do you want the advertising to start, Brian?

B: May the 1st. That gives us three months to run to August 1st when most people like to buy their new cars.

J: I see. So we抮e talking about three months. And have you thought of a headline?

H: What about this one: 揟he new Century 505 ?the car you always promised yourself?

Part 2

Four people in an advertising firm are discussing a future advertising programme.

B= Bob

A: OK. Our plan is to produce an advertisement for this computer which is made by one of China抯 biggest computer producers, FFQ Computer Corporation. Any ideas?

B: I think it would be a good idea to have comments from people who are already using it. They can express their satisfaction with the product.

C: Well, maybe that抯 not such a good idea. Do you think managers want to read what users think about a new piece of office equipment?

D: I agree with Bob. I think we should have a picture of the computer and give a description of the product.

B: I抦 afraid I can抰 agree with you. That抯 a good way of giving information, but it抯 not a good way of persuading people. For one thing, it抯 boring, and people aren抰 going to read an ad that looks boring. For another thing, one computer looks very like another. People aren抰 going to remember the name of the product.

A: So what exactly are you suggesting?

B: I suggest that we ask users of this machine what they think about it. We can photograph them using it too. Then we can put their comments at the top of the advertisement in big print. We can bring in some humour too. People enjoy reading humorous ads.

D: The disadvantage with carrying out interviews is that it may take a long time. No problem, we can do some telephone and email interviews with our users.

C: How can we find out who are using these computers?

A: Easy. I抣l ask the company for a list of recent customers.

Unit 6

LISTENING TEXT

R = Reporter O = Mrs Ouyang

Mrs Ouyang runs a little restaurant in southern Yunnan. Five years ago she lost everything in an earthquake. Listen to her experiences and how the restaurant was rebuilt.

R: Mrs Ouyang, five years ago a heavy earthquake struck this area and destroyed almost all buildings in this village. The earthquake also hit your house badly. Can you tell us what happened?

O: In two weeks?time it will be exactly five years ago that the earthquake destroyed our village. My husband and I had been running a restaurant for several years. Before that, he had worked as a taxi driver. All his savings had gone into the restaurant, and on that terrible day everything was destroyed. My husband was killed in the second shake. He shouldn抰 have gone back into the restaurant. It was a stupid thing to do, but he thought he would have enough time to save a few important things.

R: What happened in the weeks after the quake and how did you get over it?

O: I moved to a nearby village with my sister. The death of my husband was of course the worst thing. I cried for many days. I wished I had died in his place. I lost all hope of a happy life.

R: What made you decide to reopen the restaurant?

O: There were two reasons. First of all, I had to make a living. But more important, I did it to honour my husband. The restaurant had been his great achievement. I felt there was no better way to remember him than by reopening the restaurant and continuing the business.

R: Was it easy to reopen the restaurant?

O: No, it wasn抰. My friends and relatives put some money together, a total of about 30,000 yuan. I received 8,000 yuan of financial aid from the local government and 25,000 from a foreign disaster relief organisation. I was also able to take out a loan of 50,000 from the bank. With the money and all the help I got, I opened the restaurant on the same location where our old one had been.

R: Do you often think about the disaster?

O: Yes, I do. I thought the earthquake was the day my life ended, even though I had not lost my life. But look here, I managed. I did not know I had the strength to pull through.

Unit 7

LISTENING TEXT

S = Cook O = Oliver B = Mr Bumble

Nine-year-old Oliver lives in a workhouse where the boys are given three meals of thin porridge a day, with an onion twice a week, and half a roll on Sundays. The workhouse is run by Mr Bumble, the headmaster. The room in which the boys are fed, is a large stone hall. The cook, assisted by one or two women, uses a big spoon to pour the porridge into the bowls. One spoonful, and no more -- except on holidays, when two spoonfuls and a piece of bread are given.

The bowls never need to be washed. The boys clean them with their spoons till they shine again, and when they have performed this operation, which never takes very long, the spoons being almost as large as the bowls, they sit staring at the cook. Boys usually have good appetites. Oliver Twist and his companions suffered this slow starvation for three months. At last they got so wild with hunger, that one boy, who was tall for his age, said to his companions, that unless he had another bowl of porridge per day, he was afraid he might some night eat the boy sleeping next to him. He had a wild, hungry eye; and they all believed him. The boys hold a meeting, casting lots who should walk up to the cook after supper that evening, and ask for more. The lot falls to Oliver Twist.

The evening arrived; the boys took their seats. The cook served the porridge, and the boys prayed. The porridge was eaten, and the boys whisper to each other, and nod at Oliver, while his next neighbours push him. Child as he is, he is desperate with hunger, and feels miserable. He rises from the table and advancing to the cook, bowl and spoon in hand, he says:

O: Please, sir, I want some more.

C: What!

O: Please, sir, I want some more.

The cook was a fat, healthy man; but he turned very pale. Amazed, he stares at Oliver before aiming a blow at his head with the large spoon and screaming for the headmaster.

C: Mr. Bumble, I beg your pardon, sir! Oliver Twist has asked for more!

B: For MORE! Calm down, sir, and answer me clearly. Do I understand that he asked for more, after he had eaten his supper?

C: He did, sir.

B: That boy will be hung. I know that boy will be hung. I was never more convinced of anything in my life, than that that boy will come to be hung.

Unit 8

Listening text

1 Part 1

(Female; since this is supposed to be a Chinese student, I suggest that we use a Chinese person who speaks English well.)

A: I am an International Business major at a Finance and Economics University. My major courses focus on international trade and finance, but English is also very important. Many of the textbooks we use are in English and some of our courses are taught in English, either by Chinese professors or visiting foreign teachers. At first, it was very difficult to understand what the teachers were saying. We take most of our courses here in China, but we also have the opportunity to study abroad for one year. Our university cooperates with universities in Europe, New Zealand, and the USA. I would like to study in Europe, perhaps in Germany or France, because I believe that the European Union will be an important business partner for China in the future. If I study in Germany or France, I can also learn a third language, which would be very useful.

The most difficult thing, in my opinion, is to understand all the technical terms. I was pretty good at English in middle school, but we only learned everyday English. Now I have to read long articles and textbook chapters that deal with difficult issues. Some of the words are only used in business, so most dictionaries don抰 explain what they mean. I sometimes fell as if I had two majors桬nglish and business. First I have to understand what the terms mean in Chinese, then learn the English words for them. Still, I like my major and I think that it will help me find a good job. My dream is to work in a Chinese import and export company and travel around the world.

2 Part 2

(Male; since this is supposed to be a Chinese student, I suggest that we use a Chinese person who speaks English well.)

B: Before I went to college, I thought that university life would be fun and easy. My friends told me that we would have lots of fun once we passed the entrance exam. If anyone ever says that to me again, I will let them know how wrong they are! Sure, it抯 fun to be a university student, but it is also hard work. We have a lot of homework, and we have to write many papers and essays. I抦 an English major, so most of my courses are about English. The first two years, the courses were similar to studying in middle school. We learnt more grammar and vocabulary, but we also had spoken English classes. In my junior year, I began studying other courses. I chose Linguistics because I am interested in languages, and I also took a few non-major courses. I like English best, but I know that I also need to learn more about other subjects.

Studying a language in college is different from studying other subjects. It is difficult to improve, so you have to spend a lot of time on reading, writing, and speaking. You almost have to 搇ive in English,?that is, you have to use English all the time, not just in class. Our university offers a lot of help: there are many books, DVDs, and tapes that we can borrow, and there are different activities that help us practice our English, such as debate competitions, the university radio station, and conferences and meetings. I decided to become a teaching assistant for one of my foreign teachers. As a teaching assistant, I meet with a small group of freshman students every week. The meeting is their homework for their speaking class, and my job is to lead the discussion and help the students with their English. It is a wonderful way to practice my English梱ou learn a lot when you have to help others梐nd I enjoy making friends with students from other majors.

Unit 9

Listening text

Part 1

In , the World Health Organisation, WHO, warned of a possible outbreak of another serious disease which may be even more deadly than SARS. The WHO believes that it is likely that bird flu will spread to human beings in the next few years. If it does, up to seven million (see note 1)people could die from the disease.

Diseases like bird flu are caused by viruses, that is, tiny things which change and become more dangerous over time. When a new type of a common virus changes, it may be able to get past the body抯 immune system. If that happens, humans are in great danger until a cure or treatment becomes available.

There have always been viruses and people have always gotten sick, of course, but as we saw with (???What抯 your question? As explained in the next sentence, SARS spread very quickly etc.) SARS, the situation is more difficult today. People travel more than ever before, which means that the diseases can spread quickly and across large areas ?in fact the whole world.

Scientists are already working on drugs that will prevent or limit the effect of a new virus, but the process takes time. It is just as important to make sure that countries, especially poor countries, are prepared to deal with the disease. New diseases usually affect poor areas the most, so we must help develop health care in all countries.

One reason for the WHO warning is that big new diseases tend to happen regularly, usually every 20 to 30 years. In the 20th century, there have been three large outbreaks: the Spanish flu in 1918-19, which killed between 20 and 40 million people(note 2); the Asian flu of 1957, killing one million (note 4) people; and the 1968 Hong Kong flu, which killed about 750,000 people (note 3). It has been 36 years since the Hong Kong flu, so scientists and doctors think that the next deadly challenge is just around the corner.

Part 2

There are three kinds of viruses that cause flu: A, B, and C. Type A is the virus that causes bird flu. As the name suggests, the virus is usually found in birds. It can also infect humans, pigs, horses and other animals. There are several different kinds of the Type A virus. (Only Type A has several kinds? Yes. Only type A has 搒ubtypes,?but both B and C are 揼roups?of viruses. If you think it is confusing, or unnecessary, you can delete the stc. Influenza Type B Unlike influenza A viruses, these viruses are not classified according to subtype. Influenza Type C These viruses are not classified according to subtype.) Type B viruses are usually found only in human beings. They have been responsible for some flu outbreaks, but they are not considered as dangerous as Type A viruses. Type C viruses are not considered very serious. They are found in humans, but do not cause serious illnesses.

The most dangerous thing about the flu viruses is that they change. When humans are infected with a virus, the body develops a defense for it. If viruses didn抰 change, we would not have the worry about the viruses we know. Unfortunately, every new generation of virus is slightly different from the older ones. That means that our body doesn抰 recognise the virus and can抰 protect itself from it. This kind of change is not very fast and doctors and scientists can change the medicines we use to help prevent the virus from causing serious illness.

The other kind of change, however, happens very quickly and is more serious. If a virus changes in this way and becomes a new type of virus, the body is defenceless. The virus can spread easily from one person to another and reach far across the world. Fortunately, this kind of change doesn抰 happen very often.

The WHO now believes that a new, dangerous virus will appear soon and that we must prepare the best we can. We must improve health care in all countries and cooperate with each other so that we can discover and prevent new viruses.

Unit 10

Listening text

G: Welcome to the Mark Twain House and Museum. Mark Twain is America抯 most famous writer. Do you know any books written by Twain?

S1: Ehm, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and eh, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

G: Yes, very good. Twain wrote these books while he lived in this house. He loved the house because it reminded him of his youth, and from the window he could hear the sounds of his own children and their friends playing on the banks of the river.

M: Is the house still the way it was when Twain lived here?

G: Yes. The house has been restored to the way it was when Twain lived here, between 1881 and 1891.

M: How long will the tour take?

G: The tour takes about two hours, and the group must stay together. Please, don抰 touch anything.

M: Oh, can you make it a bit shorter? I don抰 think the kids will stay quiet for such a long time.

G: Fine. Entering the house from the south, we are now in the hall. Immediately on the right is the drawing room, a rather formal room, where Twain received guests. The door on the left leads to the guest bedroom. The two doors in front lead to the rooms on the north side of the house: the dining room through the door on the right, and the library through the door on the left. Let抯 first take a look in the library.

S2: I think I don抰 want to see the library.

M: Shut up, Dave.

G: As you can see, the room called the library does not very much look like a library as we know it. The library is one of the nicest rooms in the house. Here, Twain recited poetry or read aloud stories to his family and friends.

S1: Look, they抳e got greenhouse.

G: Yes. The small room on the west side, off the library was filled with large, green plants. Twain抯 daughters called it The Jungle. From the library, we can pass on to the dining room. Twain and his family had most of their meals here. The kitchen is located off the dining room, to the north.

M: Can we have a look at the kitchen, please?

G: I抦 afraid the kitchen is closed to the public until the summer of next year.

M: Oh, what a pity.

G: Let抯 go and have a look upstairs.

M: I think the children are getting tired. What is there to be seen upstairs?

G: The second floor has three bedrooms, another guest room and the schoolroom. The third floor has a servants?room, a guest room and the largest of the rooms, where Twain wrote his books.

M: Shall we go upstairs?

S1: I want to go to the bathroom.

G: You can have a look at the bathroom on the second floor.

S1: Can we use it?

G: I抦 afraid not.

M: Shall, we just go and have a look at the school room then?

S2: No, thanks. I want to go home.

M: Well, OK then. Let抯 visit the museum shop. Then you can go to the toilet, and we can eat an ice-cream before we go home.

Unit 11

LISTENING TEXT

Dialogue 1

T: Teacher J: Jeff

T: Take a seat, Jeff. What can I do for you?

J: Well, I抎 like to have another talk with you about my career choices.

T: If I抦 remembering well (not wrong), you are going to be a sales assistant, right?

J: Yeah, well. I抳e changed my mind again. I want to become a vet. I really like working with animals.

T: Oh, but that抯 quite a big change from what we talked about last time. Are you sure about this?

J: Yes. I think working as a vet I can earn much better wages.

T: But Jeff, look here. You aren抰 that good at maths, and last time you said going to college was not for you. How will you be able to do that? (The purple parts seem to be not closely related to becoming a vet?)

J: I will work very hard.

T: Listen, Jeff. This may be a disappointment, but I think this is not a good idea. I know it sounds good, but it requires many years of study to become a vet. I抦 not sure whether you can manage that. Think it over, will you?

Dialogue 2

L: Lizzy M: Ma Lin

L: Hi, Helen. How are you doing? It抯 only a few more months.

M: A few more months? What do you mean, Lizzy?

L: The exams, of course! Aren抰 you getting nervous?

M: Nervous, why?

L: Well, don抰 you think it抯 all (they抮e) important?

M: It抯 ( They抮e) important, but why should I worry? I think I抳e always been quite a good student, so I think (delete this?) I have nothing to fear.

L: Quite good is not good enough, you know. If you want to go to Peking University, you抳e got to come out first.

M: I don抰 want to go to Peking University. I want to go to a local university, here in our own province.

L: How can you say that? You抳e got to try your best.

M: I will, but I抳e already made up my mind. I don抰 want to live in a big city far from home. Even if I get a top score, I will stay here. You know, studying at a local university you抣l have less competition and better chances of graduating as the No 1. (more opportunities)

Unit 12

Listening text

Part 1

Conversation at a private education institute between Julian (J) and a female teacher (T)

J: Good morning, I saw your advertisement in the paper for Chinese courses and I dropped by to get some more information.

T: Great, which course are you interested in -General Chinese or Business Chinese?

J: Well, I抦 not sure, what抯 the difference between them?

T: The General Chinese course is for beginners. It covers everyday situations ?you know, shopping, booking tickets, ordering food in a restaurant, things like that. It抯 very popular with people intending to visit China for a holiday.

J: I see, so is it mainly Chinese conversation, or does it include learning to read and write as well?

T: It mainly deals with spoken Chinese for beginners, but students do learn to recognise about 300 characters ?enough to read simple passages.

J: Mmm, and the Business Chinese course?

T: That抯 a more intense course for people who need to use Chinese for business situations (delete 搒ituations?). Most of the students work for corporations who have projects in China. It teaches a specialised vocabulary that抯 used in meetings, reports, letters and so on. There抯 a lot of speaking practice in this course too, but it places more stress on developing reading and writing skills than the General Chinese course.

J: Is it suitable for beginners?

T: Well, some beginners do choose this course, but they find the workload quite tough. I suggest you take the General Chinese course first because most students find it helps them to have a basic knowledge of the language.

J: I see. And what about the cost? . . . [fade out]

Part 2

Professor Smith is giving an informal presentation to a group of students aged about 17 or 18.

Hello everyone, thanks for coming. Well, we all know that exams are stressful and cause anxiety. Today, I抦 going to explain what happens to your body when you feel anxious, and then give you some advice that might be helpful to you.

To start with, it抯 important to understand that anxiety is a normal, natural response to stress or fear, and in fact it抯 quite useful. Anxiety causes physical changes which prepare your body and mind to face challenges. So feeling anxious about an exam is okay and actually helps you to perform well.

Anxiety becomes a problem, however, if you experience it too frequently or over a long period of time. In this situation, it becomes difficult to concentrate and you may find you get upset easily or lose confidence. It抯 also common to suffer from extreme tiredness and to have difficulty sleeping.

Now, I recommend a 3-step approach to beat anxiety: Firstly, use breathing exercises to reduce your body抯 physical stress. Secondly, use positive thinking methods to calm your mind and improve your concentration, and thirdly, plan your study schedule using the 揈ating an Elephant?approach.

[titters and 慹ating an elephant??from audience]

What do I mean? Well, if I asked you to eat an elephant, you抎 probably feel you couldn抰 do it. You抎 start to worry, feel stressed and experience anxiety. But if I gave you an elephant steak ?say, about this size ?could you eat it?

[murmers of agreement and 憏es?from audience]

Yes, so eating an elephant is easy if you cut it into smaller pieces and just eat one piece at a time. And when you study you should 揷ut up?your workload into small pieces and concentrate on one piece at a time, rather than the 搘hole elephant?

Ok, let抯 look at each of the 3 steps in more detail . . .[fade out]

Unit 13

Listening text

Dialogue 1 Two teenage girls

J: Julie L: Lucy

L: Hi Julie, Oh no! Aren抰 you ready yet? You know, Colin will be offended if we抮e not on time.

J: Sorry, but I can抰 make up my mind what to wear. What do you think ?this or the dress?

L: Well, the blue skirt and pink blouse are very pretty, but I think your red dress is better for a party, it抯 more elegant.

J: Right, the red dress it is, have a seat, I抣l only be 5 minutes.(Can we say so?) Its quite common in informal speech

L: Ok, but be quick . . .Oh what a lovely necklace!

J: Thanks, my grandmother gave it to me, and before that it belonged to her mother. It抯 over a hundred years old.

L: Really? But the way it shines it looks like new!

J: That抯 because it抯 a real diamond, don抰 you know that diamonds last for ever, they never look old!

L: I didn抰 know that th (???) ?Look lets go, and you can tell me about it on the way, it抣l be embarrassing if we抮e the last to arrive.

Dialogue 2 Two teenage boys

D: Hello Alan, what抯 that you抮e reading?

A: It抯 called The Woman in White.

D: Oh, that抯 a novel by Wilkie Collins isn抰 it; we抳e been reading about the Moonstone in class. Is the Woman in White a detective story too?

A: Well sort of, but in this story the person who investigates is not a policeman like Sergeant Cuff, he抯 an art teacher.

D: What is it about?

A: Well, I haven抰 finished yet, but at the beginning of the book the art teacher meets a mysterious woman dressed in white while he is out walking one night. It turns out that the Woman in White looks very similar to his student ? Laura - so he tries to find out more about her. He discovers that the man Laura has just married knows the Woman in White and is responsible for some terrible things that happened to her. It seems that Laura抯 husband is a very wicked man.

D: Sounds exciting!

A: Yes, I hope the art teacher finds out the truth before Laura抯 husband does anything bad to her.

D: Mmm, can I borrow it after you finish it?

A: Sure, it may take me a while though, because it is in English and I have to read slowly.

Unit 14

Listening text

Part 1

A bee-keeper talks about collecting honey from bees.

Once upon a time, bee-keepers killed their bees every autumn. Why? You may ask. Well, the answer is this. To get some honey, bee-keepers and farmers used to put out small wooden boxes in a corner of the farmyard. Bees would come and fill the box with honeycomb. However, there was no way of getting the honey out without killing the bees. So they used to burn a chemical close to the box in order to kill the bees and then take the honey.

Now, bee-keepers use beehives to collect honey. In the beehive there are a number of wooden squares with spaces between them which can be lifted out. In late summer, the squares, which are now full of honeycomb, are lifted out. The squares are put in a special machine and turned round and round very fast for several minutes. Turning the squares round and round like this forces out the honey. The honey is then collected and poured into jars. After that, the empty squares are returned to the hive for the bees to fill with honey the following year.

Bees need food to live through the winter. That抯 why they make honey. Bee-keepers can do one of two things. Either they can leave some of the honey in the hive for the bees to eat during the winter. Or else they can remove all the honey and provide the bees with a mixture of sugar and water for the bees to eat instead.

Part 2

J : James, a birdwatcher, R: Reporter

(Forrest sounds and birdsong in the background)

R: Welcome to Poyang Lake in northeastern Jiangxi. We are here with a group of people who have come to look at the famous white cranes that nest here every year. Before we talk more about the cranes, we will ask James, one of the birdwatchers, to tell us about his hobby. Hello, James.

J: Hello. It抯 a beautiful morning, isn抰 it?

R: Yes, it is. James, you have been a birdwatcher for many years. What made you choose this hobby?

J: Well, I抳e always loved the outdoors. When I was a child, my mother would always tell me about the birds we saw. I wanted to learn about the birds, too. This hobby is a great way to combine travel, learning, and exercise.

R: Why are you here in Jiangxi today?

J: As you know, Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China. There are some 116 species of birds that coming Poyang Lake in winter. After spending the winter here, they return home. It抯 a paradise for birdwatchers!

R: Why do the birds choose this place?

J: Well, it抯 warm here, and there抯 lots of water and food.

R: So this must be a very important place for the birds?

J: Yes, it is. The government has made laws to protect the birds and to make sure that this remains a

safe place for birds in winter.

R: Many of us know that the famous white crane comes to Poyang Lake in winter. What can you tell us about the white crane?

J: It抯 one of the fifteen species of crane in the world. China is home to eight or nine of the species, including some rare and very beautiful cranes like the white crane. It is one of the most endangered crane species, and we must do what we can to protect it. The white crane divides its time between Russia and China, and Poyang Lake is one of the most important places for them.

R: Thank you. Now let抯 go look at the birds!

Unit 15

Listening text

X: Xiaoyi ?young adult female radio presenter *

J: Jiawei ?young adult male radio presenter *

C: Chen Yu ?a male middle school student*

L: Liu Yue ?a female middle school student*

Part 1

J: Hi, it抯 Sunday, 20 past four and it抯 time for 16:20, the weekly youth culture programme for young adults presented by young adults. I抦 Jiawei . . .

X: And I抦 Xiaoyi. Welcome to 16:20.

J: We hope you are having a good weekend. We抳e got a great programme for you today, so sit back for the next two hours and enjoy!

X: Yes, indeed. We抣l be reporting on spring fashions, including all the latest trends that appeared in the Shanghai Fashion Week. And then it抯 Jiawei抯 regular 揝ports Round Up?when he抣l be bringing you all the news from the world of sport.

J: Yup, and this week I抣l be taking a special look at winter sports and talking to Wang Lei, China抯 top snowboarder.

X: All right! You know, I really want to try snowboarding sometimes. Now, don抰 forget that at 5:50 it抯 揝ounding Off? when you can phone in and tell us what you think about a current issue. Today we抣l be discussing the Internet and young people. There抯 been a lot of talk recently about kids spending too much time on-line, and even becoming addicted to some games. We want to hear your views, so give us a call on 5628 3131.

J: Yeah, how can we solve this problem? Let抯 hear your suggestions ?the phone lines are open. That抯 5628 3131. But right now, let抯 have some music. It抯 time for 揕istener抯 Choice?

Part 2

J: Listener抯 Choice is your chance to hear the music you wanna listen to. So send us your requests.

X: First up is a request from two students at No 3 Middle School in Nanchang: Chen Yu and Liu Yue wrote to us saying . . .[reading] ?Please play something by the 12 Girls Band. We think the girls are great, and we really like the way they are mixing traditional sounds with pop music.?Thanks for your email guys, we totally agree with you.

J: We certainly do. For anyone listening who doesn抰 know, the 12 Girls Band is a group of 12 young ?and very beautiful ?women who are using traditional musical instruments in a new way. Their music is a mixture of old and modern styles.

X: Isn抰 it great that this is a type of music that all the family can enjoy together, from the very young to the elderly!

J: In fact Xiaoyi, it抯 a type of music that people all over the world are enjoying together. The 12 Girls Band is so popular in Japan that all the tickets for 32 concerts were sold in just 10 minutes!

X: Wow, so what have you got for us to listen to?

J: Well, I抳e been listening to their album 揈astern Energy? It抯 a fantastic CD, with so many great tracks, but I finally decided on the 12 Girls Band抯 cover version of a hit song by the British group 揅oldplay? It抯 called ?Clocks?

X: OK then. For Chen Yu and Liu Yue and everyone at No 3 Middle school in Nanchang. Here is 揅locks?from the 12 Girls Band抯 album 揈astern Energy?. . .

[Musical extract from the start of track 揅locks? Eastern Energy album, 12 Girls Band]

Unit 16

Listening text

Extracts from a presentation given by a female careers advisor.

Part 1

So, you抳e seen a job you want. You sent in your application and now you have been invited for an interview. What should you do and say to make your interview a success?

Well, first of all, consider the way you present yourself. When we meet someone for the first time, we get an instant impression about what type of person he / she is. This happens in the first five minutes, and once we have decided, we don抰 usually change our opinion. So when an employer meets an applicant for a job, those first five minutes are vital.

To make a good impression, you need to pay attention to two things: the way you look and your body language.

Appearance is very important, so think carefully about what to wear. This will depend on the type of job you are applying for, but as a general rule, I抎 recommend that men should wear a tie. I think it抯 best to avoid jeans and casual trousers; they might make some employers think you also have a 揷asual?attitude towards work. Women, please don抰 wear short skirts or anything too tight, and don抰 choose anything that is too decorated ?keep it simple.

Decide what you are going to wear a few days before the interview. This will give you time to check your clothes and make sure there are no stains on them or buttons missing.

Remember the 搇ook?you are aiming for is neat, clean and tidy. And if you look good, you will feel confident.

Part 2

Now a few tips on body language.

Two very important things that will happen in the first five minutes of your interview are the handshake and eye contact. Both of these are important if you are to make a good impression.

You should look the employer straight in the eye as soon as you enter the room, give him or her a friendly smile and shake hands firmly. (Some people think a weak handshake shows a weak personality, so do give a nice firm grasp.)

Don抰 sit down until invited, and then sit up straight and look interested. Leaning forward slightly when the interviewer is speaking is a good way of showing you are listening carefully, and don抰 forget to keep as much eye contact as possible throughout the interview.

You will probably feel quite nervous about your interview ?don抰 worry, that抯 completely natural. However, nervous tension can affect your body language. Please watch out for this. It is quite common that you move about in your chair and gesture with your hands a lot, so sit fairly still and hold your hands gently together in your lap if necessary.

One last hint: Our body language always shows when we aren抰 telling the truth ?our eyes and body move in different ways ?and some interviewers are quite skilled in spotting this. A lot of us have a tendency to, er, expand the truth a bit when we want to get that great job, but believe me honesty really is the best policy!

篇6：NSEFC 高一第一单元词组

高一词组Unit 1

1. to be honest诚实的说

2. be loyal to a cause忠于事业（与to用）忠诚的，忠实的

3. make a list of things to buy. 列个购物单。

4. describe sb./sth in three words

5. describe sb. as把某人说成是(称作)

6. five-star五星的, 第一流的,最高级的

7. a 5-star friend一个五星级的朋友

8. if you like如果你愿意

9. such as例如...,象这种的

10. argue about sth.辩论[争论]某事

11. argue with sb.和某人争论

12. argue sb. into doing sth.劝某人做某事

13. argue that 主张，认为……

14. give reasons for陈述理由, 解释

15. be/become/get fond of music爱好/喜欢音乐

16. serf the Internet all the time总是上网

17. use sb./sth. to do sth.利用人/事做某事

18. gender 性别

19. play sb 扮演

20. play =act=play the part of=take the part of

21. play a part扮演一个角色, 参与, 装腔骗人

22. play the part of 1.(在戏中)扮演 2.担任, 充当

23. play a part in(在...中)扮演角色; (在...中)起作用

24. have little time for sth.几乎没有时间做某事

25. be on a flight

26. hunt for搜寻=look for

27. treat sb. as a friend把某人当作朋友

28. treat sb. to an ice-cream请某人吃一杯冰淇淋

29. treat a case of cancer治疗一例癌症

30. This is my treat.这次由我请客。

31. keep ----as

32. care about介意，在乎，对……关心,担心

33. care for1.喜欢; 想要 2.关心, 关怀 3.照料 4.介意, 放在心上

34. make friends with与...交朋友,和睦

35. tell lies 说谎

36. be quick in mind and action反应快.思维和动作迅速

37. be out of one's mind精神不正常, 发疯; 忘记

38. go outing

39. go to the supermarket

40. mail gifts to sb. 邮寄

41. be/ get angry at. about sth.因某事而生气

42. be/ get angry with sb.生某人的气

43. be/ get angry at sb. for因...生某人的气

44. make sb. angry使某人生气

45. have fun (=do a bit of fun)作乐, 玩乐;

46. for fun开玩笑, 不是认真的

47. in fun开玩笑, 不是认真的

48. make fun of sb.嘲弄; 取笑

49. have rare fun玩得非常愉快, 尽量快乐

50. drop a line写封短信

51. drop/send sb. a line给某人写封短信

52. drop a hint暗示; 示意; 露口风

53. drop sb a hint 暗示某人

54. have/keep sth. in mind 1.记得, 记住 2.想到; 考虑到, 打算

55. in order1.按照顺序; 挨次 2.整齐; 整洁 3.恰当, 正确; 符合程序

56. in order that ...为了..., 目的在于...

57. in order to do sth.为了(做某事), 以便(做某事)

58. share (in) sth. 分享，分担

59. share sth. with sb.和某人共同分担

60. share sth. between/among sb.两/三者中分配

61. share a room with sb.与某人同居一室

62. share the joys and hardships of the masses与群众同甘共苦

63. share in the profits分享收益

64. share with sb. in distress与某人共患难

65. share responsibility共同负责

66. go shares with 与……平分

67. take one’s share尽自己的一份责任

68. crash into each other. 轰然相撞

69. crash into a tree.撞在树上

70. crash his car into the iron railings把车撞在铁路横杆上

71. crash a glass against a wall把玻璃杯摔到墙上

72. crash the headlines成了轰动一时的头条新闻

73. in the plane/air crash在飞机坠毁事故中

74. be into 1.[口]给迷住, 对...深感兴趣, 深深卷入 2.欠...的债(He was into us for several hundred dollars. 他欠了我们好几百块钱)

75. enjoy oneself 1.享乐, 过得快乐/愉快2.尽情地玩

76. enjoy free medical care享受公费医疗

77. enjoy a good health [a good income]享有健康的身体[很好的收入]

78. enjoy one's dinner津津有味地吃饭

79. enjoy swimming [fishing]喜欢游泳[钓鱼]

80. even through即使，尽管

练习上短语

81. have a flat tire瘪胎

82. feel flat感觉无聊

83. be flat broke完全破产

84. a flat lie弥天大谎

85. become flat泄气

86. fall flat跌倒; 完全失败; 完全无效果; 全无好评

87. The car tires were flat. 这辆汽车的轮胎瘪了。

88. have fun有趣

89. in one's opinion按某人的意见, 据某人看来

90. in the opinion of照...的意见

91. do a biology experiment做生物试验

92. tie up绑好, 缚牢, 包扎, 占用, 阻碍, 密切联系, 合伙, 停泊

93. tie up one’s hair 扎好头发

94. tie one’s shoes up系鞋带

95. tie one's/a tie打领结

96. run into跑进, 撞上, 偶遇, 陷入, 达到

97. have a holiday休假, 度假, 放假

98. be on holiday正在休假[去休假]

99. go on a holiday to a place正在休假[去休假]

100. on holiday在度假，在休假中(= on one's holidays)

101. get to到达, 接触到, 开始, 对...有影响

102. get to know逐渐了解

103. write a short description of sth.写一篇…的短文

104. beyond description难以描写.难以形容

105. give a description of描述

106. change into兑换, 变为；使改变,变成 换上(衣服等)

107. run a restaurant经营餐馆

108. skip classes 逃课

109. keep one's eyes open（常与for连用）时刻提防

110. keep an (close)eye on照看, 留心瞧着, 注意

111. fair-weather只适用于好天气的, 不可共患难的

112. fair-weather friend n. 只可共安乐而难共患难的朋友

113. feel down感到情绪低落，沮丧

114. feel cold,hungry,comfortable,sad,happy感到冷，饿，舒服，悲哀，快乐

115. be unhappy about

116. have a problem with有……问题

117. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事

118. make fun of sb.嘲弄; 取笑

119. explain sth. to sb.

120. get an A on the maths exam

121. overcome difficulties战胜困难

122. overcome one's shortcomings克服缺点

123. overcome one’s shyness

124. be curious about sth.对(某事物)感到好奇

125. be curious to (do)很想(做); 渴望(做)

126. (be) curious to say说来稀奇

127. 在…结束时at the end of

篇7：NSEFC unit 17 reading公开课

Teaching Plan for Unit 17 Great Women

Period2 Reading

余杭高级中学 范艺

Goals:

1. To get to know something about a famous woman named Helen Thayer.

2. To develop some basic reading skills.

3. To understand the importance of courage and determination.

Teaching aids: Multimedia

Teaching procedures:

Step1. Warming up

1. Show some pictures of Antarctica.

Q: Is it beautiful? Where is it?

Q: What’s the weather like there?

Q: How is the living condition there? What animals live there?

Step2. Pre-Reading

1. Work in pairs and discuss the following questions:

1). Imagine you are traveling alone to the South Pole, what will you take with you? Why?

2). Do you know the names of three countries that are part of the North Pole?

3). Which animals live on the North Pole? And which on the South Pole?

4). Why do polar bears never eat penguins?

2. Group work:

Study the title and try to guess what the person who was alone in Antarctica is would be like?

----The person must be very strong.

----The person must be very young.

----The person must be healthy.

----The person must have great courage and determination.

----The person must have a strong will.

Q: Can you imagine such a woman of 60 years old making an expedition alone in Antarctic?

Q: What difficulty might she meet in Antarctica?

Step3. Reading

It’s clear to see that being in Antarctica alone is a journey of challenge and danger.

1. Ask the students to listen to the text and make a decision about whether the following statements are true or false.

( ) 1. She spent her 50th and 60th birthday in Antarctica.

( ) 2. During her expedition in Antarctica, the weather was very good though the wind was icy.

( ) 3. Every November there was bright sunshine 24 hours a day.

( ) 4. Her birthday fall on the 22nd day when she began her journey to the South Pole.

( ) 5. She had got self-rescue training before the expedition.

( ) 6. She will never forget her solo travel in the South Pole.

2. Ask the students to read the text and answer the questions.

1). What’s the weather like during the first few days of her expedition?

2). Where did she stay when the wind grew stronger?

3). How did she spend the day of November12?

4). What happened when she was moving forward over a slope?

5). What happened on the 22nd day of the expedition?

3. Finish Post Reading Ex1. on P32

4. Read each paragraph again to pick out the sentence or key words which help you get the main idea of each paragraph.

Find out main idea and detailed information of each paragraph.

5. Language points

Step4. Post- reading

Interview: (If time permits)

Work in pairs. One is newspaper reporter, and the other is Helen Thayer. After the expedition the reporter is interviewing Helen.

Homework:

1. Finish the exercise about Vocabulary and Grammar.

2. Finish English Weekly Proof reading.

篇8：NSEFC 高二 Unit1 Making a difference

Unit 1 Making a Difference

I. Teaching Aims

1. Talk about science and scientists;

2. Talk about people;

3. Practise describing people and debating;

4. Learn more about the infinitive;

5. Write a descriptive paragraph;

II. Teaching time: four periods

III. Background Information

The Beginning of Time and a Remarkable Man Called Stephen Hawking

If you have even thought about how the universe began and whether time has a beginning or an ending, then you should know about a 55-year-old Englishman called Stephen Hawking.

Why? Because he is considered to be one of the brainiest men in the world and to be the modern successor of Albert Einstein.

Stephen has spent his life studying and thinking about the origins f the universe and how it can be explained by using the modern theories of physics such as relativity and quantum mechanics. His discoveries and his scientific proposals have been revolutionary. People call him a genius.

Just as amazing is the fast that since his early twenties, he has been suffering from an incurable disease of the nervous system which has affected his movements and his speech. But, fortunately, although he must use a wheelchair and other technical aids to do things, his brain functions perfectly. Indeed, it functions better than the vast majority of people’s. So, in sprite of a severe disability, he has made tremendous contributions to our understanding of our universe.

So what does Stephen think about the beginning of our world? Well, he thinks that it began around fifteen billion years ago. He also thinks that our universe was probably created by an enormous explosion, a “Big Bang”. This is a view held by many cosmologists (scientists who study the universe).

But scientists hold different view about what the universe was like before the Big Bang. Some people think that there is no way that modern physics can explain or predict anything before the Big Bang. Many other people think that the Big Bang must have been the work of God.

Stephen Hawking has his own view on what the universe was like before the big bang. He has suggested that, yes, we can say that the universe began at one particular point (a big bang). But, this one point was just an ordinary point in time like, say, the North Pole is a point on the smooth surface of the earth. It was not a point of real beginning, just a point.

Stephen believes that if we can use our present knowledge of the laws of physics to understand how the universe bean, then we will not have to believe that a “God” or a spiritual force made the Big Bang.

What do you think about our beginnings? If you would like to read more about Stephen’s ideas on the origins of the universe, then you should read his best seller A Brief History of Time.

In sprite of his difficult illness and his confinement to a wheelchair, Stephen Hawking works as a professor of mathematics at Cambridge, holding the same position held by another famous scientist, Isaac Newton, in 1663. It may be that the name Hawking just as well known in history as that of his famous predecessor.

The First Period

I. Teaching Aims:

1. Learn and master the following words:

analysis, agriculture, branch, curious, debate, undertake, within, genius, inspiration, perspiration, obvious, quote, gravity, radioactivity, biologist;

phrases:

be known for, no doubt that….

2. Talk about science and scientists;

3. Listen to the description of some scientists;

4. Do some speaking, describing people and debating.

II. Teaching Important Points:

1. Train the students’ listening ability by listening practice.

2. Train the students’ speaking ability by talking about science and scientists, describing people and debating.

III. Teaching Difficult Points:

1. How to improve the students’ listening ability;

2. How to help the students finish the task of speaking.

IV. Teaching Methods:

1. Warming up to arouse the students’ interest in science;

2. Listening and answering activity to help the students go through the listening material;

3. Individual, pair, or group work to make every student work in class.

V. Teaching Aids:

1. A tape recorder; 2. The blackboard;

VI. Teaching Procedures

Step 1 Greetings

T: Good morning.

Ss: Good morning, Miss Wang.

Step2 Warming Up

T: There are many outstanding scientists in the world, who made great contributions to society and science. Now please make a list of the names of some scientists and their contributions. Write them down on a piece of paper. After a while, I’ll collect your answers.

(Teacher goes among the students. After a while, collect your answers.)

Ss: What great scientists do you know? And what are they famous for? ….

S: Maria Curie is famous for her discoveries of radium and polonium and Zhang Heng is famous for his seismograph. ……

T: Well done, I think you are all interested in science and scientists. What do you think makes a successful scientist? Have a discussion and make a list of what you have already known and what you would like to know. Discuss it in pairs or in groups of four. After a while, I will ask some of you to report the results of your discussion.

(Three minutes later, teacher begins to collect the results of their discussion.)

T: Who would like to tell me what makes a successful scientist? Any volunteer?

S: I think a successful scientist must have much imagination and intelligence and he must be creative and hard working.

T: Now open your books on page1, there are some photos of some famous scientists. Look at these pictures and you should try to tell me who they are.

T: Look at the photos now. Who is the person in picture1?

S: Albert Einstein.

T: Look at the sentence under the picture, can you translate it into Chinese and tell me?

S: 想象比知识更重要。天才就是百分之一的灵感加百分之九十九的汗水。 你不能教一个人什么东西， 你只能帮助他去发现他内在的东西。

T: Good. Do you agree with him?

S: Yes…

T: Now look at the picture under pictuer1. Do you know who he is?

S: He is Alfred North Whitehead. I don’t know him that much.

T: Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947) was a British philosopher and mathematician. What does this sentence mean?

S: 分析明显的事物需要非凡的头脑。

T: This sentence means most people don’t question the things we take granted, but great scientists will be curious and tend to ask questions that others never think of. Who is in the next picture?

S: She is Marie Curie.

T: Do you understand the sentence she said? Can you tell me the sentence in Chinese?

S: 生活中没有什么可怕的， 只是要去理解他们。

T: Look at the photos now. Who is the person in picture4?

S: Thomas Alva Edison.

T: Look at the sentence under the picture, can you translate it into Chinese and tell me?

S: 天才就是百分之一的灵感加百分之九十九的汗水。

T: Good. Do you agree with him?

S: Yes…

T: Look at the photos now. Who is the person in picture5?

S: Galileo Galilei.

T: Look at the sentence under the picture, can you translate it into Chinese and tell me?

S: 你不能教一个人什么东西， 你只能帮助他去发现他内在的东西。

T: Good. Do you agree with him?

S: Yes…

T: Now we have learnt some quotes, do you know any other quotes?

S: Knowledge is power. – Francis Bacon.

T: Good, so much for warming up. Now let’s move on to listening.

Step2 Listening

T: Ok, now let’s do some listening practice on Page2. Today we are going to listen to some descriptions of some famous scientists. Before we start to listen to the material, let’s read the requirement together and go through some new words.

(Read the requirement and questions as well as put some new words on the blackboard-agriculture, gravity, radioactivity, curious.)

T: Ok. Let’s begin. Please listen carefully.

(Teacher plays the tape for the students to listen and pauses the tape for the students to write down answers when necessary. In the end, check the answers with the whole class and give some explanations or play the tape again if necessary.)

Step4 Speaking

T: From the warming up and listening part, we have already known a lot of famous scientists in different field of science, or you can say in different branch of science. What science do you know?

S: Physics, chemistry, biology, maths…

T: Yes, the science we usually mean is physics, chemistry, biology, maths and computer science nowadays. Now I have a question for you: which branch of science do you think is the most important one?

S: (Various answers.)

T: On this question you may have different ideas. I want all of you to work in the group of five students and each of you can have your own idea to represent one of the following branches of the science: physics, chemistry, biology, maths and computer science. Find reasons to support your view and debate with other students to prove that you are right. Are you clear?

S: Yes.

T: You can use the expressions at the bottom of page2. They are very useful. Ok, I will give you five minutes to debate. Now begin.

(Teacher checks the students’ work five minutes later.)

Sample debate:

S1: I think biology is the most important and useful science because it is essential to protecting nature, environment and ecological balance. People don’t live with good environment. So to the root biology is a science to protect human beings. What’s more, no biology means no medicine. So I think biology is the most important science.

S2: Well, maybe, but I think that chemistry is the most important and useful, because chemistry id the key to the progress of the human being. Besides, it is chemical reaction that produces many new things.

S3: That is hard to say. There are many physical products. And physics id widely used in many fields, such as medicine, industry and agriculture. There would be no life without physics. So I think physics is the most important and useful.

S4: That’s true, but maths is the basic science. You can learn physics or chemistry well without a good knowledge of maths. Maths is a tool on science and engineering. Therefore, maths is the most important and useful science.

S5: My idea is that computer science is the most important and useful science nowadays. As you can see anywhere you go, there is computer. The computer is an indispensable tool in our modern life. It can settle many problems at a high speed and help people work easily.

Step5 Language Points

T: There are some useful phrases I want you to understand in this part:

1. on fire= be crazy at

2. be know for / be known as

Eg: He is known for his first book, which was the best seller for a year.

He is known as a children’s book writer.

3. have … in common

4. doubt + if/ whether/ when….; no doubt that

Eg: If he keeps missing school, I doubt if he is going to pass his exams.

There is no doubt that the plane is going to be canceled because of the bas weather.

Step6 Summary and Homework

T: today we have done a lot of listening and speaking. We also have learned and talked about some science and famous scientists. After class, please search more about science or scientists you are interested in on the Internet or in the library. Please preview the reading on page3: “No Boundaries”. So much for today.

Step7 The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard

Unit 1 Making a difference

The First Period

Scientists Contributions

Madame Curie Radium/Polonium

Zhang Heng Seimograph

Darwin The Theory of Evolution

Edison The light bulb

Einstein The Theory of Relativity

Some words describing scientists:

creative, hard-working, curious, careful, confident…

Step8 Record after Teaching

The Second Period

I. Teaching Aims:

1. Learn and master the following words:

scan, boundary, graduate, research, wheelchair, disabled, theory, seek, misunderstand, scientific, observe, match, predict, engage, exploration, promising, incurable, PhD;

phrases:

work on, go by, be/ get engaged to sb., go on with, stop … from doing, dream of, in a way, turn out;

2. Train the students’ reading ability;

3. Make the students learn more about Stephen Hawking;

4. Make the usage of some phrases clear: go on, go on with, go on doing and go on to do;

II. Teaching Important Points:

1. Learn the phrases in the reading and the following sentence pattern:

There is no point (in) doing sth.

2. Enable the students understand the reading better.

3. Improve the students reading ability.

III. Teaching Difficult Points:

1. How to make the students understand the reading text better;

2. How to make the students understand the following sentence:

There did not seem much point in working on the PhD.

IV. Teaching Methods:

1. Scanning the reading material and get some information about Hawking;

2. Reading and answering some detailed questions to help the students go through the reading material;

3. Individual, pair, or group work to make every student work in class.

V. Teaching Aids:

1. A tape recorder; 2. The blackboard;

VI. Teaching Procedures

Step 1 Greetings

T: Good morning.

Ss: Good morning, Miss Wang.

Step 2 Lead-in and Pre-reading

T: Yesterday we learned some quotes from some famous scientists. We got to know these famous scientists as well. Do you know a famous scientist called Stephen Hawking?

S: Yes, / no.

T: Maybe some students don’t know the name. But you must know there is a scientist who speaks through computer.

S: Yes, we do.

T: Well, that scientist is called Stephen Hawking. Today we are going to learn a reading about him, Stephen Hawking. Before we take a look at the reading, let’s learn some new words. (Teacher writes the new words in this reading on the blackboard and deals with them with all the students.)

T: Open your books on Page3, please. Look at the three questions in Pre-reading and then scan the text as quickly as possible and find the answers to these questions. I will ask some students to answer them.

T: (Three minutes later) have you finished scanning?

S: Yes.

T: Who can answer these three questions? Any volunteers?

T: Why did Stephen Hawking need a PhD?

S1: Because he needed a job.

T: Good, next question, when did Hawking become famous?

S2: Hawking became famous in the early 1970s, when he and American Roger Penrose made new discoveries about the Big Bang and black holes.

T: Very well, the third question, when did Hawking visit Beijing?

S3: In 2002, Hawking visited Beijing.

T: Excellent. I see you all did a good job on scanning.

Step 3 Reading

T: Now please read the passage again. This time I want you to read it as carefully as possible and then I will ask you some detailed questions about this reading.

T: (five minutes later) have you finished reading?

S: Yes.

T: Ok, listen to my questions carefully and try to find answers in the passage to answer them.

Q1: When was Stephen told to have the incurable disease?

When he was 21 year old.

Q2: What did Stephen do when he got to know the news that he had the incurable disease?

Hawking went on with his research, got his PhD and married Jane.

Q3: How does Hawking speak?

He speaks through computer.

Q4: Which book did he write in 1988?

He wrote the book: A Brief History of Time.

Q5: What does Hawking write about in his book?

Hawking explains both what it means both a scientist and how science works.

Q6: Is his speech computer a problem for Hawking?

No, it isn’t.

Q7: What doesn’t Hawking like about the speech computer?

The computer gives him an American accent.

Step 4 Language Points

T: Now you have understood the detailed information about this reading. But there are some phrases or sentences in this reading you don’t understand. Now I am going to explain some language points in this passage.

1. give up 放弃

give in 屈服， 投降, 上交

give away 赠送， 分发， 泄密， 暴露

Eg: He gave up smoking two years ago.

Tom always gives in to his brother.

Please give in your papers now.

He gave away most of his money to the poor.

She gave away the state secrets to the enemy.

2. There is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事没有用

Eg: There is no point in telling the about this as she does not care.

There is no point in wasting time on this.

3. work on + n. / ving. 继续工作， 从事

Eg: He is working on a new machine for office work.

4. go by = pass

Eg: Time goes by fast so you have to work hard.

5. be/get engaged to sb.

Eg: Tom is engaged to Mary.

6. in order to do

7. go on with sth., go on, go on doing sth., go on to do sth

go on 继续， 进行， 进展

Eg: I thought everything was going on well.

go on doing sth. 继续不停的做某事， 一件事没做完停一段时间再接着做

Eg: He went on working throughout the night.

go on to do sth. 做完一件事接着做另一件事

Eg: After they had read the text, the students went on to do exercises.

go on with sth. 与时间点连用= go on to do sth

与时间段连用= go on doing sth

Eg: After a while, he went on with the work.

He went on with work for hours.

8. Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he had always dreamt of. 倒装句

Eg: He is a student. So am I.

She did not know who did that, nor did I.

stop sb from doing sth.

Eg: Nothing can stop him from going there.

dream of / about

Eg: He dreams of becoming a famous musician some day.

I dreamed about flying last night.

9. in a way+ attributive clause 以某种方式

Eg: He spoke English in a way every student could understand him very easily.

10. on the other hand

11. turn out: prove (to be) + a./ to be

Eg: Everything turned out satisfactory.

It looked like rain this morning, but it has turned out to be a fine day.

Step 5 Listening and Post-reading

T: Now I will play the tape. You can follow it in a low voice. Pay attention to your pronunciation and intonation.

(After that, teacher asks the students to do Exercise1 in post-reading.)

T: Ok, now look at Ex1 in post-reading. Choose the best answer for each of the questions. If you have some difficulty, you may discuss it with your partner. After a while, I will ask some of you to do it.

(The students begin to prepare this exercise and teacher asks three students to answer the three questions in the exercise1.)

(Suggested answers: 1. C 2.B 3. B)

T: Now, I will give you three more minutes for you to go over the passage again and try to answer the questions in Exercise2.

(After a while, ask the student to answer the three questions in exercise2.)

(Suggested answers:

1. People often think that science is a number of facts that never change. According to Hawking, science is always changing and many theories are eventually proven wrong.

2. First, the scientists observe the thing or process they are interested in. second, they make a theory to explain what they have observed. Third, they test the theory to se if it matches what they have seen and if it can predict future events.

3. Hawking, who is British, does not like it because the speech computer gives him an American accent. )

Step 6 Summary and Homework

T: in this class, we have read a passage about a famous scientist-Stephen Hawking. We have known that Hawking is disabled person with a strong will. We should learn form him.

We have also learnt some words and expressions in this reading. After class, you should learn all of them and remember them by heart.

Homework: 1. Read the reading again and review the language points in this passage.

2. Finish Word Study and Ex1&2 on page82.

3. Preview the grammar-the Infinitive on page 5.

Step 7 The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard

Unit 1 Making a difference

The Second Period

Useful expressions:

work on +n./pron. /doing,

go by: pass,

be/get engaged (to sb.): be bound by a promise to marry,

go on with sth: continue with sth,

dream of: imagine,

turn out: prove(to be),

Sentence pattern:

There is no point (in) doing sth.=There is no good reason for doing sth.

The Third Period

I. Teaching Aims:

1. Learn and master the following words:

Seek, obvious, gravity, predict, observe, match;

phrases:

use up

2. Review the words and expressions learned in the last two periods:

scan, boundary, graduate, research, wheelchair, disabled, theory, seek, misunderstand, scientific, observe, match, predict; analysis, agriculture, branch, curious, debate, undertake, within;

work on, go by, be/ get engaged to sb., go on with, stop … from doing, dream of, in a way, turn out; be known for, no doubt that….

3. Learn how to explain words in English;

4. Use and master the usages of the Infinitive.

II. Teaching Important Points:

1. Master the phrase: use up;

2. Master the usages of the Infinitive;

III. Teaching Difficult Points:

1. How to help the students to learn to explain words in English;

2. How to help the students master the usages of the Infinitive.

IV. Teaching Methods:

1. Reviewing method to help the students remember what they have learned before;

2. Explanation and inductive methods help the students master the usages of the Infinitive;

3. Individual, pair, or group work to make every student work in class.

V. Teaching Aids:

1. A tape recorder; 2. The blackboard;

VI. Teaching Procedures

Step 1 Greetings

T: Good morning.

Ss: Good morning, Miss Wang.

Step 2 Revision

T: In the past two periods, we learned some important words and expressions. Now let’s do a revision on them.

T: First, please look at the words on the blackboard. I will ask some students to read them and explain their meanings.

scan, boundary, graduate, research, wheelchair, disabled, theory, seek, misunderstand, scientific, observe, match, predict; analysis, agriculture, branch, curious, debate, undertake, within;

T: Good. Now, let’s review some important phrases. I will speak them in Chinese and then you tell me in English. Ok?

S: Ok.

(The teacher says the Chinese meanings of the following phrases:

work on, go by, be/ get engaged to sb., go on with, stop … from doing, dream of, in a way, turn out; be known for, no doubt that….)

T: Good. I see you have mastered what you have learned in the past two periods. Please remember these words and expressions after class and I will give you a dictation tomorrow.

Step 3 Word study

T: Please look at the five words on the blackboard. Can you tell me what they mean?

seek, obvious, gravity, predict, observe, match;

T: Now you have known the Chinese meaning of each word. Let’s do an exercise to see how to explain some words in English, according to the meanings of the sentences. Please turn to page5. Let’s do the exercise in Word Study. Choose the closest meaning to the underlined word in each sentence. Before we do it, we will learn a new phrase: use up.

(Write in on the blackboard. And give some explanations and two examples.)

use up: use some material or something until nothing left.

Eg: He has used up all his money for the girl, but he did not know she would leave him.

T: Are you clear about the use of “use up”?

S: Yes.

T: Ok, do the exercise by yourself. And also translate the sentences into Chinese. You can discuss it with your partner if necessary. I will check your answers in a few minutes.

T: (A few minutes later) now I will ask some of you to give me your answers. And when you answer the questions, tell the choice first and then translate the sentence into Chinese.

(Teacher asks the students to answer the six questions one by one.)

Suggested answers:

1. A 这对夫妇花光了所有的钱去找他们六个月前失踪的五岁儿子。

2. C 大家很容易看出她不高兴。

3. B 牛顿自言自语， “为什么苹果会落到地上， 而不会飘向空中？” 后来他发现了万有引力定律。

4. A 科学家预言在未来的十年里， 环境污染还会更严重。 他们告诫人们如果我们不采取措施解决这个问题， 我们将会毁灭我们的星球。

5. B 哈利观察那颗星球的运动已有多年了， 并且发现每76年他就轮回一圈。

6. A 警察发现这个人的DNA和在犯罪现场提取的不一样后， 就放他走了。

Step 4 Grammar

(Teacher writes some sentences on the blackboard.)

1. He hoped to visit China again.

2. It took a lot of time to finish the report.

3. Please give the boy something to play with.

4. He went home to see his sick mother.

5. Her wish is to become a pop singer.

T: Now look at the sentences on the blackboard. And tell me what these underlined parts are and what function of them in each sentence.

S: All the underlined parts are used as the Infinitive.

S1: In the sentence one, the Infinitive part is used as the object.

S2: In the second sentence, I think “to finish the report” is used as the attributive modifying “time”.

T: Do you think he answer is right or wrong?

S5: He is wrong. It is used as the subject. It refers “to finish the report”.

T: Very well. Now let’s take a look at the third sentence.

S3: In the third sentence, I think “to play with” is used as the attributive modifying “something”.

T: Is he right or wrong?

Ss: Right.

T: Great. Let’s see the next sentence.

S4: In the fourth sentence, I think “to see his sick mother” is used as the adverbial for purpose.

T: Good. Let’s move on to the last sentence.

S6: In this sentence, “to become a pop singer” is used as the predicative.

T: Now you have known some usages f the infinitive. Let’s do an exercise to practise the usage of the infinitive.

Step 5 Practice

T: As you can see, the infinitive can not only be used as object and subject but also as attributive, predicative and adverbial. Now please open your books on page 5 and do exercise 1. Group the infinitive according to how they are used.

Suggested answers:

1. Subject: (8)

2. Attribute: (3)

3. Predicative: (1), (2)

4. Object: (9)

5. Adverbial: (4)(5)(6)(7)(10)

T: Very well. Now turn to page6 and do exercise2. I will give you one minute for this one. And then I will ask some students to read the answers and translate the sentences into Chinese as well.

(One minute later, check their answers.)

Suggested answers:

1. to be invited;

2. to pass;

3. to consider;

4. to be sent;

T: Ok, look at Ex3. Rewrite the following sentences using the infinitive. The example will help you. First do it by yourself. Then discuss it in pairs. Finally I will show you the right answers.

Suggested answers:

1. Is there anything to eat?

2. I need a pen to write with.

3. Do you have anything to add?

4. He is looking got a box to put the two rabbits in.

5. It would be a comfortable house to live in.

(If the students do not understand the answers, teacher will give more explanation.)

T: I think you have understood how to change the sentences into the sentences with the infinitive. Now let’s see more exercises. Turn your books to page 83. And take a look at exercise1 on this page. Rewrite the following sentences with infinitive as subjects. This exercise is very easy. I give you one minute to finish this one and then I will ask some students to give me the answers one by one.

(See the answers on page83 of the book.)

T: Do you remember before we have learned a phrase: find it …a. to do sth?

S: Yes.

T: In this phrase, to do sth. is the object of “find”. Now turn over your books and see Ex2. Answer the following questions with find it … to …. Two minutes for you to finish this exercise.

(Two minutes later check the answers to these questions. See suggested answers on page 83.)

Step 6 Consolidation

T: Now look at the picture. Who can tell me what Hawking’s dream is from the picture?

S: He wants to get married.

T: Right. Do you know how Hawking made his dream come true according to the passage we learnt in the second period?

S: Hawking said, “In order to get married, I need a job, I need a job and in order to get a job, I need a PhD.”

T: Very good. Now let’s look at another picture. And tell me what the girl’s dream is and how she makes it realized.

T: Who can tell us the girl’s dream and how she can realize it?

S: I would like to. Her dream is to get a doctor’s degree. In order to get a doctor’s degree, she needs to go to university; she needs to study hard now.

T: Very good. Now please tell your partner what your dream is and how to realize it. You can use “in order to” to express it.

(Teacher gives the students two minutes to talk freely.)

Step 6 Summary and Homework

T: Ok. Today we have reviewed some words we learned in the second period and gave some explanations in English. After class, you should try to explain the new words in English. We have also learned the usages of the infinitive. You should do more exercises to master them. After class, you should finish all the exercises in Grammar in your workbook to consolidate what we have learned. At the same time, don not forget to preview the content in Integrating skills.

Homework: 1. Remember the words and phrases we have learned in this unit.

2. Finish Ex3 on page83 and Ex3&4 on page84.

3. Preview Integrating skills-Making a Difference.

Step 7 The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard

The Third Period

Phrase: use up

Grammar: the Infinitive

1. He hoped to visit China again .

2. It took a lot of time to finish the report .

3. Please give the boy sth to play with .

4. He went home to see his sick mother .

5. Her wish is to become a pop singer.

6. He wanted the nurses to take care of the patient.

7. He wanted the patient to be taken care of.

The Fourth Period

I. Teaching Aims:

1. Learn and master the following words:

astronomer, heaven, microscope, telescope, geographer, observation;

phrases:

learn from, be satisfied with, the other way around, take a look at, what if, be known as;

2. Review the language points and grammar-the Infinitive in this unit;

3. Do some reading and writing practice to improve the students’ integrating skills;

4. Learn how to write a descriptive paragraph;

II. Teaching Important Points:

1. Improve the students’ integrating skills;

2. Help the students write a descriptive paragraph;

III. Teaching Difficult Points:

1. How to help the students understand the passage better;

How to help the students learn to write a descriptive paragraph.

IV. Teaching Methods:

1. Doing exercises to revise what we have learnt before;

2. Asking-and-answering activity to go through the reading material;

3. Discussion to help the students understand the passage better;

4. Individual, pair, or group work to make every student work in class.

V. Teaching Aids:

1. A tape recorder; 2. The blackboard;

VI. Teaching Procedures

Step 1 Greetings

T: Good morning.

Ss: Good morning, Miss Wang.

Step 2 Revision and Check homework

T: Yesterday we learned the grammar-the Infinitive. We know that the infinitive can be used as the subject, object, adverbial and so on. I gave you some homework about the infinitive yesterday. Now let me check your homework to see if you have mastered the infinitive.

T: Open your books on page84. Let’s take a look at Ex3 first. Answer the following questions with infinitives. You may think of more than one answer. I want to ask you to answer these questions one by one.

(See suggested answers on page 84 of the book.)

T: You have done a good job. Now let’s move to Ex4. Choose the best answers to fill in the blanks. I will also ask some students to read these two passages. When you are doing the exercise, please read the sentence, and don’t read the numbers to fill the blanks.

(See suggested answers on page 84 of the book.)

T: Good. You all did an excellent job.

Step 3 Practice

T: Now we will do more exercises to enhance what you have learned. Look at the screen please.

Tell the function of the underlined part in each sentence.

1. (1) To learn more about the universe, you need (2) to have a telescope (3) to observe the stars with.

2. It takes time (4) to know a man.

3. Please remember (5) to bring me a book.

4. I have got a lot of work (6) to do.

5. (7) In order to catch the first bus, she got up early.

6. It is important for us (8) to learn English.

(Teacher asks the students to do them one by one. Of there is any question, teacher can explain it to them. )

Suggested answers:

Subject: (4) (8)

Object: (2) (5)

Attributive: (3) (6)

Adverbial: (1) (7)

T: Let’s do another exercise. Choose the best answers to fill in the blanks.

(Show the following on the screen.)

1. to live; 2. to discover nature of the universe; 3. to eat. 4. to be wrong; 5. to pass the exams; 6. to find the train had gone;

7. to catch the train; 8. to get married; 9. to miss the train;

1. The goal of Stephen Hawking’s research is ______ and ______ is his biggest dream.

2. The doctor thought he only had three more years _____, which turned out _____.

3. We took a taxi _____. We hurried there, only _____. We were unhappy to _____.

4. He studied hard _____.

5. Lunch is ready. Let’s stop _____.

Suggested answers:

1. to discover nature of the universe; to get married;

2. to live; to be wrong;

3. to catch the train; to find the train had gone; to miss the train;

4. to pass the exams;

5. to eat.

T: Well done. So much for grammar. Now let’s revise the useful expressions in this unit together.

(Show the expressions on the screen.)

Tell me their Chinese meanings one by one.

work on, be engaged to sb, go by, turn out, dream of, go on with, use up

T: Now let’s do some exercises to see whether you have mastered them well. Complete the sentences by filling in the blanks with the right phrases we have revised just now.

(Show the expressions on the screen.)

1. He ____ one day becoming a famous scientist. 2. Tom ____ Ann. 3. Two weeks slowly _____. 4. He ____ his ink. 5. If we don’t finish painting the room today, we can ____ it tomorrow. 6. His suggestion ______ to be a good one. 7. He _______ a novel.

(A moment later, check the answers with the whole class.)

Suggested answers:

1. dreams of; 2. is engaged to 3. went by 4. has used up 5. go on with 6. turned out 7. is working on

T: Great. I see you can manage these phrases in sentences. Now turn your books on page 83. Let’s do another exercise to see if you can master them in passage. Ex3 in page83. Replace the underlined parts with the phrases below. You may change the forms if necessary.

(See suggested answers on page 83 of the book.)

T: You all have done a good job. Now let’s move to the next part: Integrating Skills.

Step 4 Reading

T: There were many scientists in the world in the past, whose discoveries and inventions can help us understand the world better. Can you say out the neames of some scientists and their discoveries?

Ss: Yes. Elbert Einstein (the Theory of Relativity); Marie Curie (radium and polonium…)

(Teacher collects the names and discoveries or inventions of the scientists and says the following.)

T: Do you know why and how they made these important discoveries or inventions?

Ss: No.

T: Ok, today we are going to read a passage. It will tell us what makes the scientists make their discoveries. Before we red it, we will learn more new words in this period.

(Teacher deals with the new words.)

T: Open your books and turn to page7. I will give you four minutes to read the passage quickly and then answer some questions.

(Four minutes later, ask the students the following questions:)

1. Who said the sentence “Knowledge is power.”?

Sir Francis Bacon.

2. Who are the two scientists in this passage as examples?

Galileo Galilei and Zhang Heng.

3. Where was Galileo Galilei from?

He was from Italy.

4. What invention did Zhang Heng make?

He invented seismograph.

5. What made Galileo and Zhang Heng become famous scientists?

They were curious and creative. They always asked why, how and what if.

Step 5 Language Points

T: Now you have understood the detailed information about this reading. But there are some phrases or sentences in this reading you don’t understand. Now I am going to explain some language points in this passage.

1. Learn from

Eg: We should learn from Lei Feng to help others all the time.

2. be satisfied with

Eg: The teacher is always satisfied with the homework this student does.

satisfy make sth/sb satisfied

Eg: Nothing satisfies him.

3. take a look at = have a look at = look at

Eg: Let’s take a look at your new car. .

4. what if = what would happen if…? 要是。。。又怎么样？

Eg: What if it rains when we are at the park?

5． all the time =always

Eg: He is a teacher all the time.

6. believe in

believe

Eg: We have to believe in ourselves when we meet problems.

Do you believe what he said?

I don’t.

7. the other way around

Eg: She told people that I stole the necklace, but in fact it is the other way around.

8. be knows as

be known for

Eg: He is known for his first novel.

He is known as a famous writer.

Step 6 Writing

T: Who is your favorite scientist?

(The students may have different answers.)

T: Now we are going to write a paragraph to describe your favorite scientist. Before you write, you should think about what you want to write. What does the reader need to know about the scientist? How can you best describe him or her? What is the most important or interesting fact about the scientist? Why do you like him or her? You can first discuss these questions in groups. Use your answers to write your paragraph. If you want to know more about him or her, you can use a library or the Internet to find more information after class. In class you should list an outline of the passage. When you write your passage, the ideas, words, and expressions on the blackboard may help you to describe a great scientist.

Step 7 Summary and Homework

T: In this class, we have reviewed the useful expressions and the important grammar – the infinitive in this unit. And we have also learned a passage about some scientist we have practised how to write a descriptive paragraph. After class go over all the important points learned in this unit and finish your writing. Class is over.

Homework: 1. Read the reading again and review the language points in this passage.

2. Finish the writing about a great scientist.

Step 8 The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard

The Fifth Period

The Infinitive

I. Teaching Aims:

Summarize the usages of the Infinitive

IV. Teaching Important Points:

1. Let the students master the verbs followed directly by the infinitive and the verbs followed by the object and the Infinitive as the object complement without “to”;

2. Let the students master the Infinitive as Adverbial and Attributive;

V. Teaching Difficult Points:

1. How to help the students understand the following sentence patterns:

It is + adj./n. + for sb./ of sb. to do sth.

Sub. + V. +it + adj./n. + to do sth.

2. The perfect Infinitive and the Passive Infinitive.

3. The Negative form of the Infinitive.

IV. Teaching Methods:

Review, explanation and inductive methods

V. Teaching Aids:

1. The blackboard;

VI. Teaching Procedures

Step 1 Greetings

T: Good morning.

Ss: Good morning, Miss Wang.

Step 2 Revision

T: Yesterday we learned some useful expressions. Now let’s do a revision on them.

1. Learn from

Eg: We should learn from Lei Feng to help others all the time.

2. be satisfied with

Eg: The teacher is always satisfied with the homework this student does.

satisfy make sth/sb satisfied

Eg: Nothing satisfies him.

3. take a look at = have a look at = look at

Eg: Let’s take a look at your new car. .

4. what if = what would happen if…? 要是。。。又怎么样？

Eg: What if it rains when we are at the park?

5． all the time =always

Eg: He is a teacher all the time.

6.believe in

believe

Eg: We have to believe in ourselves when we meet problems.

Do you believe what he said?

I don’t.

7. the other way around

Eg: She told people that I stole the necklace, but in fact it is the other way around.

8. be knows as

be known for

Eg: He is known for his first novel.

He is known as a famous writer.

T: Good. Today we will review the Infinitive. First let’s do an exercise. Fill in the blanks with the best answer.

(Show the exercise on the screen.)

Choose the best answers: 1. We agreed _____ here bit so fat she has not turned up yet. A. having meet B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _____. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 3. When I handed the report to john, he said that George was the person _____. A. send to B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to

T: Now look at the screen. I’ll ask three of you to tell the answers one by one. Any volunteers?

S1: The first answer is C.

S2: The second answer is A.

S3: The third answer is C.

T: Well done! Sit down please. Who can tell me the function of each infinitive in the three sentences?

S4: I can. …

Suggested answers:

1. Object

2. Object complement

3. Attributive

Step 3 Explanation and summary

T: As we all know, the infinitive is used as the object of the verb “agree” in the first sentence. Now can you think of any other verbs followed by the infinitive as their objects?

Ss: Afford, arrange, ask, beg, choose, decide, expect, fail, hope, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish and so on.

(Write them on the blackboard.)

T: very good. there are some verbs followed by either the infinitive or the doing. Do you know what they are?

Ss: like begin, continue, forget, regret, remember, start, stop, try…

T: Right. But attention please. The verbs “begin, continue, start, like, love” can be followed by either the infinitive or the doing form. And they have ht same meaning. While the verbs “forget, regret, remember, stop, try” can also be followed by the infinitive or the doing form. There are some differences between them. Now look at the examples on the screen.

(Show the screen.)

1. I like playing football, but I don’t like to play it now. 2. I remember seeing her once somewhere. 3. I must remember to take my notebooks with me.

T: From the first sentence, we know the doing form is an action in general while the infinitive is an action on a certain occasion. In the second and the third sentences, the doing form is used for a past event while the infinitive is used for a future action. Are you clear?

Ss: Yes.

T: Please translate the sentences into Chinese, one student, one sentence.

S1: 我喜欢踢足球， 但是现在不愿意。

S2: 我记得在哪里见过她。

S3: 我必须记住带上笔记本。

T: Good. When the infinitive is used as object and is followed by object complement, we often use this structure:

S. + V. + it + adj./n. + infinitive. Now please make some sentences with the structure.

S4: I thought it unnecessary to argue with him about it.

S5: He confiders it his duty to help others.

T: Very good. Which verbs do you think can be followed by the infinitive as object complement?

Ss: advise, allow, ask, want, wish, order, tell, have, make, feel, hear, watch, see…

T: Yes. Some verbs, like “advise, allow, ask, want, wish…” must be followed by the infinitive with “to”, while the verbs “have, let, make, feel, hear, watch, see…” must be followed by the infinitive without “to”. But you must not forget “to” in the passive voice. Look at the examples on the screen.

(Show the screen.)

1. We often hear her ding the folk song. =She is often heard to sing the folk song. 2. The girl wanted to go dancing, but her mother told her not to.

T: In the second sentence, “not” is put before the infinitive. To avoid repetition, the verb after the sign “to” is often omitted. But “to” can not be left out. This is done after such verbs as: want, wish, like, love, hope, plan, try, hate etc. now look at the examples on the screen.

(Show the screen.)

1. –Would you like to come to a party?-- I d like to. 2. –Have you listened to the music? -- No, but I plan to. 3. You don’t have to eat it if you don’t want to.

T: When the infinitive or the infinitive phrase is used as subject, the formal subject “it” is often used, that is, “it is +n./adj.+ infinitive”. If we need to tell who performs the action of the infinitive, we cab put “for sb.” before the infinitive. Some adjectives, such as, kind, good, wise, stupid, foolish, careless, clever…, must be followed by “of sb. to do sth”. In this case, the sentences emphasizes “person”. If we use “for sb to do sth”, it emphasizes thing. Please look at the sentences on the screen and compare them, then fill in the blanks with “of” or “for”.

(Show the exercise on the screen.)

1. It is silly ____ us to believe her. 2. It is impossible ____ her to finish the task so soon. 3. It is nice _____ you to help me. 4. It is necessary ______ us to take exercise.

(Teacher asks four students to give the answers.)

Suggested answers:

1. of 2. for 3. of 4. for

T: Now look at the sentences on the screen. Pay attention to the forms of the infinitive in the sentences.

1. She asked to be sent to work in Tibet. 2. I am glad to have seen your mother. 3. We did not expect you to be waiting for us here.

T: In the first sentence, the passive infinitive is used, which expresses a passive action. In the second sentence, we use the perfect infinitive. When do you think the perfect infinitive is used?

Ss: When the action expressed by the infinitive happens before the predicate, the perfect infinitive should be used.

T: Quite right, now look at the third sentence. The continous form of the infinitive is used. When the action is happening, we use theh continous form of the infinitive.

(to be done, to have done, to be doing)

Now let’s do an exercise:

(Show ht eexercise on the screen.)

1. I have two letters ______ today. 2. I have no letters ______ today, thank you.A. to type B. to be typed3. I would like to ______ to the cinema tonight. 4. I would like to ______ to the cinema last night. A. go B. have gone5. When his mother cane in, the little boy just pretended ______. A. to read B. to have readC. to be read D. to be reading

Suggested answers:

1. A 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. D

T: Besides, the infinitive can also be used as predicate, attribute, adverbial for purpose and for a disappointing sequel. Now look at the sentences on the screen. Pay attention to the usages of the infinitive.

1. He does not seem to like the idea. 2. The boy uses a computer to play games. 3. She hurried to the station only to find the train had gone. 4. There are letters to be typed. 5. I have nothing to do. 6. Please pass me a pen to write with.

T: In the last two sentences, the meaning is passive, but the active infinitive is used. You must pay attention to it.

Step 4 Practice and Consolidation

T: Now you have known all about the infinitive. Let’s do some exercises to have a consolidation so that we can use it correctly. Please look at the screen.

Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of verbs:1. He hopes _____ (invite) to the party. 2. My wish is ______ (become) an engineer. 3. I have something important ______ (tell) you. 4. The old man made it a rule ______ (take) a walk after supper. 5. I regret ______ (tell) you that my sister regretted ______ (miss) the lecture given by Professor Li. 6. The book is said ______ (translate) into several languages. 7. The question is easy ____ (answer). 8. Let’s hurry. There is no time _____ (lose).

Suggested answers:

1. to be invited 2. to become

3. to tell 4. to take

5. to tell; telling 6. to have been translated

7. to answer 8. to lose

T: Let’s do another exercise on the screen.

Correct the following sentences: 1. English is not easy to be learned. 2. For making sure about the meaning, I looked up the word in a dictionary. 3. Please give the child something to play. 4. She does not like to praise. 5. He did everything he could save the old man.

Suggested answers:

1. to be learned → to learn

2. For making →to make

3. to play → to play with

4. to praise → to be praised

5. save → to save

Step 5 Summary and Homework

T: In this class, we have reviewed the infinitive. After class, you must remember the important points, especially the verbs and in what condition the passive infinitive and the perfect infinitive should be used. Are you clear?

Homework: 1. Finish the exercises on page 3 of the exercise book.

Step 7 The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard

★NSEFC 高一同步辅导unit16

★初二

★初上初二

★初二演讲稿

★作文题目初二

★初二调查报告

★初二命题作文

★初二自我介绍

★初二作文题

★初二计划

《NSEFC 初二 Lesson Eight（合集8篇）.doc》

将本文的Word文档下载到电脑，方便收藏和打印

推荐度：

点击下载文档

文档为doc格式