以下是小编帮大家整理的关于爱情的种类你了解多少？About Love，本文共7篇，欢迎大家分享。
篇1：关于爱情的种类你了解多少？About Love
About Love
Anton Chekhov
第二天的午饭是非常美味的馅饼，小龙虾和羊肉片。我们正吃饭时，厨子尼卡诺来问客人们晚上想吃些什么。他是一个中等身材，胖脸，小眼睛的人，齐胡子根刮了脸，这使得看起来他的胡子仿佛不是刮掉的，而是被连根拔掉的。阿列恒告诉我们美丽的帕拉吉爱上了这个厨子，因为他喝酒且性格粗暴，帕拉吉不想嫁给她，但是愿意与他婚外同居。厨子是个很虔诚的人，他的宗教信仰不允许他“过着有罪的生活”。他坚持帕拉吉嫁给他，此外其它的事都答应她，可是他喝醉时经常大骂帕拉吉，甚至打她。无论何时厨子喝醉了酒，帕拉吉就习惯于躲到楼上哭泣，每当这个时候阿列恒和仆人们就待在屋里准备万一需要保护帕拉吉。
At lunch next day there were very nice pies, crayfish, and mutton cutlets; and while we were eating, Nikanor, the cook, came up to ask what the visitors would like for dinner. He was a man of medium height, with a puffy face and little eyes; he was close-shaven, and it looked as though his moustaches had not been shaved, but had been pulled out by the roots. Alehin told us that the beautiful Pelagea was in love with this cook. As he drank and was of a violent character, she did not want to marry him, but was willing to live with him without. He was very devout, and his religious convictions would not allow him to “live in sin”; he insisted on her marrying him, and would consent to nothing else, and when he was drunk he used to abuse her and even beat her. Whenever he got drunk she used to hide upstairs and sob, and on such occasions Alehin and the servants stayed in the house to be ready to defend her in case of necessity.
我们开始谈论爱情。
“爱情是如何产生的呢？”阿列恒说，“为什么帕拉吉在身心上不像爱自己一样地爱别人，她为什么会爱上尼卡诺，那个丑陋的猪嘴——我们所有人都叫尼卡诺‘猪嘴’——个人的幸福跟爱情的结果有多大关系——所有这些问题我们都不明所以；个人能获得的见解只是他从中希望获得的罢了。迄今为止，说到爱唯一无可置疑的事实就是：‘爱是一个大大的谜。’关于爱所说和所写下的一切都不是结论，而只是这个仍然没有答案的问题的陈述罢了。这个解释似乎只适合一份份单独的爱情，而不适用于其它众多的例子。在我看来，最好的做法就是单独解说每一份爱情，而不要企图归纳爱情。就像医生们说的，我们应该个别对待每一个例子。”
“完全正确。”伯京同意。
We began talking about love.
“How love is born,” said Alehin, “why Pelagea does not love somebody more like herself in her spiritual and external qualities, and why she fell in love with Nikanor, that ugly snout—we all call him ‘The Snout’—how far questions of personal happiness are of consequence in love—all that is unknown; one can take what view ones likes of it. So far only one incontestable truth has been uttered about love: ‘This is a great mystery.’ Everything else that has been written or said about love is not a conclusion, but only a statement of questions which have remained unanswered. The explanation which would seem to fit one case does not apply in a dozen others, and the very best thing, to my mind, would be to explain every case individually without attempting to generalize. We ought, as the doctors say, to individualize each case.”
“Perfectly true,” Burkin assented.
“我们这些受过教育的俄国阶层都偏爱那些还没有答案的问题。爱情通常都被诗意化，用玫瑰、夜莺来装饰。我们俄国人却用些重大的问题来装饰爱情，且选择了其中最无趣的部分。在莫斯科读书时，我有一位与我一起生活的朋友，一位迷人的女士，每次我把她抱在怀里，她就在想我这是允许她帮我料理一个月的家务以及一磅牛肉多少钱。同样地，坠入爱河时我们总不厌其烦地问自己：这是合乎名誉的还是违背名誉的，明智的还是愚蠢的，这份爱在通往何处，等等。想这些问题是好事还是坏事我不知道，但是这些问题困扰着你，找不到答案且令人气恼，我就十分清楚了。”
“We Russians of the educated class have a partiality for these questions that remain unanswered. Love is usually poeticized, decorated with roses, nightingales; we Russians decorate our loves with these momentous questions, and select the most uninteresting of them, too. In Moscow, when I was a student, I had a friend who shared my life, a charming lady, and every time I took her in my arms she was thinking what I would allow her a month for housekeeping and what was the price of beef a pound. In the same way, when we are in love we are never tired of asking ourselves questions: whether it is honourable or dishonourable, sensible or stupid, what this love is leading up to, and so on. Whether it is a good thing or not I don’t know, but that it is in the way, unsatisfactory, and irritating, I do know.”
看来阿列恒想吐透一些心事。过着孤独生活的人们心底总会有些渴望倾诉的事。在城里，单身汉们去澡堂和饭馆的目的就是为了跟人说说话，澡堂和饭馆的服务员们不时能从他们那里听到最有趣的事。而通常，在乡下，单身汉们向客人敞开心扉。此时窗外的天空灰蒙蒙的，所有的树木在雨中都湿透了，这样的天气我们哪儿都不能去，除了说故事或者聆听之外无事可做。
It looked as though he wanted to tell some story. People who lead a solitary existence always have something in their hearts which they are eager to talk about. In town bachelors visit the baths and the restaurants on purpose to talk, and sometimes tell the most interesting things to bath attendants and waiters; in the country, as a rule, they unbosom themselves to their guests. Now from the window we could see a grey sky, trees drenched in the rain; in such weather we could go nowhere, and there was nothing for us to do but to tell stories and to listen.
“离开大学后，我在沙非诺生活和务农了很长一段时间。”阿列恒开始了他的故事，“我是一个受过教育的懒散的绅士，一个随性热心的人。可是当我来到这儿时庄园欠下了一大笔债，而我父亲之所以负债部分原因是我花费不小的学费。我决定不走了，而是开始工作直到还清这笔债。我下定决心这么做并开始工作，坦白说，不是一点不动摇的。这里的土地收益并不大，一个人经营农场如果想不赔本必须使用农奴或雇用劳工，这几乎是一码子事；或者把自己等同于农民，就是说，亲自带着一家人下地干活。此外，没有折中的路子。不过那时我还没有探究到这些微妙关系。我不漏过一块未翻耕的土地，把附近村子里所有的农民，无论男人女人都聚到了一起，工作以极大的速度进展着。我亲自耕地，播种，收割，可是烦透了做这一切，就像村子里的猫饿得去吃菜园里的黄瓜一样厌恶得焦眉烂额。我全身疼痛，走路都打瞌睡。起先似乎我能轻易调和这种辛苦的生活与我有教养的习惯，我认为要做到这一点在生活中有必要维持一种固定的表面形式。我把自己安置到楼上这儿最好的房间里，我指示仆人们午饭和晚饭后给我把咖啡和酒端到楼上，每晚上床睡觉时我都要看Vyestnik Evropi。可是一天，我们的牧师伊凡神父来了，一口气喝完了我所有的酒，Vyestnik Evropi也到牧师的女儿们手里去了。夏季，特别是割晒牧草的时候，我根本连床都挨不到，有时睡在谷仓的雪撬上，有时睡在某个森林人的小屋里，哪还有看书的机会？慢慢地我搬到楼下来了，开始在仆人的厨房里吃饭，除了我服侍父亲的仆人，解雇他们会令他们痛苦万分，我之前的奢侈荡然无存。
“I have lived at Sofino and been farming for a long time,” Alehin began, “ever since I left the University. I am an idle gentleman by education, a studious person by disposition; but there was a big debt owing on the estate when I came here, and as my father was in debt partly because he had spent so much on my education, I resolved not to go away, but to work till I paid off the debt. I made up my mind to this and set to work, not, I must confess, without some repugnance. The land here does not yield much, and if one is not to farm at a loss one must employ serf labour or hired labourers, which is almost the same thing, or put it on a peasant footing—that is, work the fields oneself and with one’s family. There is no middle path. But in those days I did not go into such subtleties. I did not leave a clod of earth unturned; I gathered together all the peasants, men and women, from the neighbouring villages; the work went on at a tremendous pace. I myself ploughed and sowed and reaped, and was bored doing it, and frowned with disgust, like a village cat driven by hunger to eat cucumbers in the kitchen-garden. My body ached, and I slept as I walked. At first it seemed to me that I could easily reconcile this life of toil with my cultured habits; to do so, I thought, all that is necessary is to maintain a certain external order in life. I established myself upstairs here in the best rooms, and ordered them to bring me there coffee and liquor after lunch and dinner, and when I went to bed I read every night the Vyestnik Evropi. But one day our priest, Father Ivan, came and drank up all my liquor at one sitting; and the Vyestnik Evropi went to the priest’s daughters; as in the summer, especially at the haymaking, I did not succeed in getting to my bed at all, and slept in the sledge in the barn, or somewhere in the forester’s lodge, what chance was there of reading? Little by little I moved downstairs, began dining in the servants’ kitchen, and of my former luxury nothing is left but the servants who were in my father’s service, and whom it would be painful to turn away.
在最初的几年里我当选为这里的荣誉治安法官。我得经常去城里参加治安协会和巡回法院的会议，这对我来说是一个令人愉快的变化。当连续在这儿住了两三个月后，特别是冬天，终于开始渴望接触有知识有教养的人，哪怕是穿黑外套的牧师。而在巡回法庭里穿各种衣服的人——有穿双排扣常礼服的，有穿制服的，还有穿燕尾服的——所有的律师，男人们都接受过普通教育。我终于有了一些可以进行思想交流的人。经过在雪撬上睡觉和在厨房吃饭后，穿着干净的亚麻布衣服，细薄的靴子坐在靠背椅里，某人的马甲上还挂着表链，这一切是多么的奢侈了啊！
“In the first years I was elected here an honourary justice of the peace. I used to have to go to the town and take part in the sessions of the congress and of the circuit court, and this was a pleasant change for me. When you live here for two or three months without a break, especially in the winter, you begin at last to pine for a black coat. And in the circuit court there were frock-coats, and uniforms, and dress- coats, too, all lawyers, men who have received a general education; I had some one to talk to. After sleeping in the sledge and dining in the kitchen, to sit in an arm-chair in clean linen, in thin boots, with a chain on one’s waistcoat, is such luxury!
“在城里我受到热烈欢迎，我热切地结交各种朋友。说实话，在我所结识的人中最亲密，最合我意的是跟巡回法庭的副庭长卢格诺维奇的相识。你们俩都认识他，一个很有魅力的人。这一切就发生在那个著名的纵火案之后，初步调查持续了两天，我们都筋疲力尽了。卢格诺维奇看着我说：
“‘哎，我说，来跟我一起共进晚餐吧。’
“I received a warm welcome in the town. I made friends eagerly. And of all my acquaintanceships the most intimate and, to tell the truth, the most agreeable to me was my acquaintance with Luganovitch, the vice-president of the circuit court. You both know him: a most charming personality. It all happened just after a celebrated case of incendiarism; the preliminary investigation lasted two days; we were exhausted. Luganovitch looked at me and said:
“ ‘Look here, come round to dinner with me.’
“这有点出乎意料，因为我和卢格诺维奇并不熟，跟他只是职务上的交往，从未去过他家里。我刚刚回旅馆房间换好衣服要出去吃晚饭。这是我命中注定要与卢格诺维奇的妻子，安娜·阿列克丝耶夫娜相遇。那时她还很年轻，至多二十二岁，她的第一个孩子刚刚半岁。这都是过去的事了，而现在我发现很难说得清她到底有何例外，以及她那么吸引我的原因。当时，在那次晚宴上，这一切对我非常清晰，我看到了一个年轻可爱，善良聪明而迷人的女人，仿佛之前我从未遇到过一个这样的人。我立刻觉得她是某个我已经很熟悉很亲密了的人，好像那张脸，那诚恳聪慧的眼神，我小时候已在某处——搁在我母亲衣柜里的相册里——见到过了。
“This was unexpected, as I knew Luganovitch very little, only officially, and I had never been to his house. I only just went to my hotel room to change and went off to dinner. And here it was my lot to meet Anna Alexyevna, Luganovitch’s wife. At that time she was still very young, not more than twenty-two, and her first baby had been born just six months before. It is all a thing of the past; and now I should find it difficult to define what there was so exceptional in her, what it was in her attracted me so much; at the time, at dinner, it was all perfectly clear to me. I saw a lovely young, good, intelligent, fascinating woman, such as I had never met before; and I felt her at once some one close and already familiar, as though that face, those cordial, intelligent eyes, I had seen somewhere in my childhood, in the album which lay on my mother’s chest of drawers.
“四个犹太人被指控为纵火犯，被当作是一伙强盗，而在我看来，毫无根据。吃晚饭时我非常兴奋，又局促不安，都不知道自己说了些什么。而安娜·阿列克丝耶夫娜不停地挥动着头问她的丈夫：
“‘迪米特里，这是怎么回事？’
“卢格诺维奇是个温厚的人，是那些心思简单的人之一，一旦一个人在法庭之前被指控有罪他就会坚持这个看法，除非以法定的书面形式，绝不会在晚餐桌上与私人会谈时表示对判决正确性的怀疑。
“‘你和我都没有放火烧那地方，’他温和地说，‘你看我们都没有被判有罪，也没有进监狱。’
“Four Jews were charged with being incendiaries, were regarded as a gang of robbers, and, to my mind, quite groundlessly. At dinner I was very much excited, I was uncomfortable, and I don’t know what I said, but Anna Alexyevna kept shaking her head and saying to her husband:
“ ‘Dmitry, how is this?’
“Luganovitch is a good-natured man, one of those simple-hearted people who firmly maintain the opinion that once a man is charged before a court he is guilty, and to express doubt of the correctness of a sentence cannot be done except in legal form on paper, and not at dinner and in private conversation.
“ ‘You and I did not set fire to the place,’ he said softly, ‘and you see we are not condemned, and not in prison.’
“他们夫妻两人都设法让我尽量多吃些，多喝些。从一些不重要的细节里，例如，从他们一起泡咖啡的样子，从他们从只言片语里就能理解对方的情形，我能推断出他们生活得融洽而舒适，而且他们很高兴有人来访。吃过晚饭后，他们表演了钢琴了二重奏。然后天色很晚了，我就回家了。那是初春时分。
“此后，我不间断地在沙非诺度过了整个夏天，也没有时间去想城里的事。但是那些日子里对那个优雅的金发妇人的记忆仍留存在脑海里。我没有去想她，可是她轻盈的影子仿佛就躺在我心里。
“And both husband and wife tried to make me eat and drink as much as possible. From some trifling details, from the way they made the coffee together, for instance, and from the way they understood each other at half a word, I could gather that they lived in harmony and comfort, and that they were glad of a visitor. After dinner they played a duet on the piano; then it got dark, and I went home. That was at the beginning of spring.
“After that I spent the whole summer at Sofino without a break, and I had no time to think of the town, either, but the memory of the graceful fair-haired woman remained in my mind all those days; I did not think of her, but it was as though her light shadow were lying on my heart.
“深秋，城里举行一场以慈善为目的的戏剧演出。中场休息时我接到邀请去了镇长的包厢，我一看，安娜·阿列克丝耶夫娜正坐在镇长夫人的旁边。她的美丽温柔，她那亲切的眼神，再一次令我不可抗拒，令我激动不已，我的心里再次涌起了那种亲近的感觉。我们肩并肩地坐着，然后去了休息室。
“她说：‘你瘦了。生病了吗？’
“‘是的，我的肩膀患了风湿，下雨天就睡不着。’
“‘你看起来有些沮丧。春天里，来吃晚饭时，你更年轻，更自信。那时你充满热情，口若悬河，你非常有趣，我必须承认我的心有几分已被你带走了。不知道为什么夏季时我经常想起你，今晚为看演出而做准备时我想我会看到你。’
“然后她笑了。
“In the late autumn there was a theatrical performance for some charitable object in the town. I went into the governor’s box (I was invited to go there in the interval); I looked, and there was Anna Alexyevna sitting beside the governor’s wife; and again the same irresistible, thrilling impression of beauty and sweet, caressing eyes, and again the same feeling of nearness. We sat side by side, then went to the foyer.
“ ‘You’ve grown thinner,’ she said; ‘have you been ill?’
“ ‘Yes, I’ve had rheumatism in my shoulder, and in rainy weather I can’t sleep.’
“ ‘You look dispirited. In the spring, when you came to dinner, you were younger, more confident. You were full of eagerness, and talked a great deal then; you were very interesting, and I really must confess I was a little carried away by you. For some reason you often came back to my memory during the summer, and when I was getting ready for the theatre today I thought I should see you.’
“And she laughed.
“‘可是今天你看起来很沮丧，’她再三地说：‘这使你看上去像是比春天时老了。’
“第二天我在卢格诺维奇家吃午饭。吃过午饭后他们驾车去他们的夏季别墅，为去那儿过冬做安排，我跟他们一起去了。然后又与他们回到城里，午夜时与他们在安静的家庭环境里一起喝茶。当时炉火融融，年轻的妈妈每隔一会就去看看她的宝贝女儿睡着了没有。从那以后，每次去城里我都会去拜访卢格诺维奇一家。他们慢慢习惯了我的到来，我也慢慢习惯了去看望他们。通常我都说来就来，好像我是那个家的一员。
“ ‘But you look dispirited today,’ she repeated; ‘it makes you seem older.’
“The next day I lunched at the Luganovitchs’. After lunch they drove out to their summer villa, in order to make arrangements there for the winter, and I went with them. I returned with them to the town, and at midnight drank tea with them in quiet domestic surroundings, while the fire glowed, and the young mother kept going to see if her baby girl was asleep. And after that, every time I went to town I never failed to visit the Luganovitchs. They grew used to me, and I grew used to them. As a rule I went in unannounced, as though I were one of the family.
“‘是谁啊？’我会听到安娜·阿列克丝耶夫娜在远远的房间里问道，在我听来那慵懒的声音多么可爱啊！
“‘是帕韦尔·康斯坦蒂诺维奇，’女仆或者保姆回答道。
“安娜·阿列克丝耶夫娜会一脸焦急地向我走来，每次她都会问：
“‘为什么这么久才来？出了什么事吗？’
“她的眼神，她伸给我的美丽优雅的手，她的日常家居衣服，她梳的头发的式样，她的声音，她的脚步，总给我同样的印象，这是我的生活里刚刚获得的非凡的东西，非常重要的东西。我们一聊几个小时，然后静静地想各自的心事，或者她给我弹上几小时的钢琴。如果他们不在家我就留下来等，跟保姆聊聊，和小孩子们玩，或者到书房的沙发上躺着看书。安娜·阿列克丝耶夫娜回来时我会迎到大厅里，接下她手里的所有包裹，为了某种原因每次我都会像一个孩子一样满怀爱意，一样一本正经地拿过那些包裹。
‘Who is there?’ I would hear from a faraway room, in the drawling voice that seemed to me so lovely.
“ ‘It is Pavel Konstantinovitch,’ answered the maid or the nurse.
“Anna Alexyevna would come out to me with an anxious face, and would ask every time:
“ ‘Why is it so long since you have been? Has anything happened?’
“Her eyes, the elegant refined hand she gave me, her indoor dress, the way she did her hair, her voice, her step, always produced the same impression on me something new and extraordinary in my life, and very important. We talked together for hours, were silent, thinking each our own thoughts, or she played for hours to me on the piano. If there were no one at home I stayed and waited, talked to the nurse, played with the child, or lay on the sofa in the study and read; and when Anna Alexyevna came back I met her in the hall, took all her parcels from her, and for some reason I carried those parcels every time with as much love, with as much solemnity, as a boy.
“有这么一个谚语：如果一个农妇没有任何烦恼会买一头小猪。卢格诺维奇夫妇生活顺心，因此他们跟我交朋友。如果我不进城肯定是病了或者发生了什么事，他们夫妇俩就非常担心。他们闷闷不乐于我这个受过语言文学教育的人应该做学问或从事文学工作，却生活在农村，像一只愤怒的松鼠转着圈子狂奔一样辛苦劳作却看不到收获。他们认为我不快乐，我只是说着笑着或用吃东西来掩饰我的痛苦，甚至在我觉得快乐时的高兴时刻我也感觉得到他们直盯盯的搜索的眼神。我真的心情沮丧时他们非常令人感动。当我为一些债主焦虑或没有足够的钱准时偿还利息时，他们俩，丈夫和妻子就会走到窗子旁耳语，然后卢格诺维奇走向我一脸严肃地跟我说：‘帕韦尔·康斯坦蒂诺维奇，如果你目前真的需要钱，我妻子和我请求你别不好意思跟我们借。’
“There is a proverb that if a peasant woman has no troubles she will buy a pig. The Luganovitchs had no troubles, so they made friends with me. If I did not come to the town I must be ill or something must have happened to me, and both of them were extremely anxious. They were worried that I, an educated man with a knowledge of languages, should, instead of devoting myself to science or literary work, live in the country, rush round like a squirrel in a rage, work hard with never a penny to show for it. They fancied that I was unhappy, and that I only talked, laughed, and ate to conceal my sufferings, and even at cheerful moments when I felt happy I was aware of their searching eyes fixed upon me. They were particularly touching when I really was depressed, when I was being worried by some creditor or had not money enough to pay interest on the proper day. The two of them, husband and wife, would whisper together at the window; then he would come to me and say with a grave face:“ ‘If you really are in need of money at the moment, Pavel Konstantinovitch, my wife and I beg you not to hesitate to borrow from us.’
“他会激动得连耳根子都红了。也还会发生这样的情形，同样地经过在窗子边的低声耳语后，卢格诺维奇满脸通红地走向我对我说：
“‘我妻子和我诚恳地请你收下这份礼物。’
“他会送给我几颗钮饰，一个雪茄盒或是一盏灯，而我将回送他们从乡下带来的野味，黄油和鲜花。顺便提一下，他们夫妻相当富有。早期我经常借钱，跟任何缺钱的人一样——从任何我借得到钱的地方借——可是无论如何都不能促使我向卢格诺维奇借钱。唉，为什么说这些呢？
“And he would blush to his ears with emotion. And it would happen that, after whispering in the same way at the window, he would come up to me, with red ears, and say:
“ ‘My wife and I earnestly I beg you to accept this present.’
“And he would give me studs, a cigar-case, or a lamp, and I would send them game, butter, and flowers from the country. They both, by the way, had considerable means of their own. In early days I often borrowed money, and was not very particular about it—borrowed wherever I could—but nothing in the world have induced me to borrow from the Luganovitchs. But why talk of it?
“我闷闷不乐。在家里，在地里，在牲畜棚里，我都在想她。我苦苦思索一个美丽、聪明的年轻女人为什么要嫁给一个无趣、几乎可以做她父亲的人（她丈夫已四十出头），还跟他生孩子；想弄懂这个无趣、善良、心思简单的男人，在舞会和晚会上一直待在更刻板的人身边，用令人厌烦的机智争论着，看上去倦怠而多余，脸上的表情顺从而无动于衷，就像他被带到那儿出售一样，为什么还认为他有权利快乐，有权利有她的孩子。且我一直想弄清楚为什么她先遇到的是他而不是我，为什么在我们的生活里要发生这么一个可怕的错误。
“I was unhappy. At home, in the fields, in the barn, I thought of her; I tried to understand the mystery of a beautiful, intelligent young woman’s marrying some one so uninteresting, almost an old man (her husband was over forty), and having children by him; to understand the mystery of this uninteresting, good, simple-hearted man, who argued with such wearisome good sense, at balls and evening parties kept near the more solid people, looking listless and superfluous, with a submissive, uninterested expression, as though he had been brought there for sale, who yet believed in his right to be happy, to have children by her; and I kept trying to understand why she had met him first and not me, and why such a terrible mistake in our lives need have happened.
“我去城里时每次都从她的目光里看到她在期待着我，并且她会亲自对我承认在所有的那些天里她有一种特殊的感觉猜想我应该来了。我们长时间地交谈，沉默，但是都不承认爱着对方，而是胆怯猜疑地隐藏起对对方的爱。我们害怕可能向我们自己暴露出我们秘密的任何事情。我温柔地深深地爱着她，但是我一直在细想这份爱，一直在问自己如果我们没有力量抗拒这份爱，这份爱能通往何方。似乎难以置信我温柔、悲伤的爱可能突然粗暴地打破她的丈夫，她的孩子，以及我如此热爱和信赖的这个家庭的平静的生活进程。这是合乎名誉的吗？如果她愿意跟我走，可是能走到哪儿去呢？我能带她去哪里呢？如果我有一份美好、有趣的生活就是另一回事了——例如，要是我一直在努力摆脱农村，或者要是我是一个著名的学问家，或者艺术家或者画家就好了。可是那样就将意味着把她从每天的单调生活里带到另一种单调甚至可能更加单调的生活里。而我们的幸福会持续多久呢？万一我病了，万一我死了，或者如果我们只是对彼此变得冷漠了，她将会怎么样呢？
“And when I went to the town I saw every time from her eyes that she was expecting me, and she would confess to me herself that she had had a peculiar feeling all that day guessed that I should come. We talked a long time, and were silent, yet we did not confess our love to each other, but timidly and jealously concealed it. We were afraid of everything that might reveal our secret to ourselves. I loved her tenderly, deeply, but I reflected and kept asking myself what our love could lead to if we had not the strength to fight against it. It seemed to be incredible that my gentle, sad love could all at once coarsely break up the even tenor of the life of her husband, her children, and all the household in which I was so loved and trusted. Would it be honourable? She would go away with me, but where? Where could I take her? It would have been a different matter if I had had a beautiful, interesting life—if, for instance, I had been struggling for the emancipation of my country, or had been a celebrated man of science, an artist or a painter; but as it was it would mean taking her from one everyday humdrum life to another as humdrum or perhaps more so. And how long would our happiness last? What would happen to her in case I was ill, in case I died, or if we simply grew cold to one another?
“同样地，显然她也有充分的理由。她要考虑她的丈夫，孩子，还有她的母亲，她母亲爱她父亲就像爱孩子一样。如果她放纵自己到感情里她将不得不说谎，要不然说出事实真相，以她的地位这两种后果都同样糟糕和不便。且她还要受到她的爱是否将带我给幸福这个问题的折磨——事实上，我的生活已经够辛苦和困难重重了，她不会使我的生活更复杂吗？她认为对我来说她不够年轻了，要开始一种新生活她既不勤奋也没有足够的精力。她常常跟她丈夫说娶一个聪明的好女孩对我来说很重要，她会成为我的助手，成为一个能干的主妇，不过她会立刻补充说要在全城找到一个这样的女孩子并不容易。
“And she apparently reasoned in the same way. She thought of her husband, her children, and of her mother, who loved the husband like a son. If she abandoned herself to her feelings she would have to lie, or else to tell the truth, and in her position either would have been equally terrible and inconvenient. And she was tormented by the question whether her love would bring me happiness—would she not complicate my life, which, as it was, was hard enough and full of all sorts of trouble? She fancied she was not young enough for me, that she was not industrious nor energetic enough to begin a new life, and she often talked to her husband of the importance of my marrying a girl of intelligence and merit who would be a capable housewife and a help to me—and she would immediately add that it would be difficult to find such a girl in the whole town.
“这几年时间就这么过去了。安娜·阿列克丝耶夫娜已经有了两个孩子。当我来到卢格诺维奇家时，仆人们都对我露出亲切的笑容，孩子们大叫着帕韦尔·康斯坦蒂诺维奇叔叔来了，吊到我脖子上，每个人都欣喜若狂。他们不知道我的内心在经历怎样的挣扎，认为我也是高兴的。每个人都把我看作一个贵族。大人们和孩子们都觉得一个高贵的人正穿梭在他们的家里，这使得他们对我的态度有一种特殊的吸引力，仿佛他们的生活有了我也更纯净和更美好了。安娜·阿列克丝耶夫娜和我经常一起去剧院，总是走着去。我们常常肩膀擦着肩膀，并排坐在前排座位里。我会一言不发地从她手里拿过观剧望远镜，感觉那一刻她就在我身旁，她就是我的，没有对方我们将活不下去。可是由于某些奇怪的误解，走出剧院我们总是仿佛陌生人一样说再见分手了。天知道镇上已经有些什么人在谈论我们了，可是完全没有一句真话！
“Meanwhile the years were passing. Anna Alexyevna already had two children. When I arrived at the Luganovitchs’ the servants smiled cordially, the children shouted that Uncle Pavel Konstantinovitch had come, and hung on my neck; every one was overjoyed. They did not understand what was passing in my soul, and thought that I, too, was happy. Every one looked on me as a noble being. And grown-ups and children alike felt that a noble being was walking about their rooms, and that gave a peculiar charm to their manner towards me, as though in my presence their life, too, was purer and more beautiful. Anna Alexyevna and I used to go to the theatre together, always walking there; we used to sit side by side in the stalls, our shoulders touching. I would take the opera-glass from her hands without a word, and feel at that minute that she was near me, that she was mine, that we could not live without each other; but by some strange misunderstanding, when we came out of the theatre we always said good- bye and parted as though we were strangers. Goodness knows what people were saying about us in the town already, but there was not a word of truth in it all!
“后来的几年里安娜·阿列克丝耶夫娜开始时常去看望她母亲或去她姐姐那。她开始情绪低落，开始认为她的生活被扰乱，并感到不满了，她有时不再关心她的丈夫，也不关心她的孩子了。她已开始接受神经衰弱的治疗。
“我们在一起时除了沉默还是沉默。而在外人面前她对我表现出一种奇怪的愤怒，不管我说什么，她都跟我唱反调，要是我与人争论，她就支持我的对手。如果我掉了什么东西，她会冷冷地说：
“‘恭喜你了。’
“去剧院时如果我忘了拿观剧望远镜，过后她会说：
“‘我知道你会忘记的。’
“In the latter years Anna Alexyevna took to going away for frequent visits to her mother or to her sister; she began to suffer from low spirits, she began to recognize that her life was spoilt and unsatisfied, and at times she did not care to see her husband nor her children. She was already being treated for neurasthenia.
“We were silent and still silent, and in the presence of outsiders she displayed a strange irritation in regard to me; whatever I talked about, she disagreed with me, and if I had an argument she sided with my opponent. If I dropped anything, she would say coldly:
“ ‘I congratulate you.’
“If I forgot to take the opera-glass when we were going to the theatre, she would say afterwards:
“ ‘I knew you would forget it.’
“不知道是幸运还是不幸，在我们的生活中没有不散的筵席。因为卢格诺维奇被指派为西部一个省份的主席，离别的日子终于到来了。他们不得不卖掉他们的家具，马，和夏季别墅。当他们驾车去别墅时，然后回想到他们是最后一次去看看那花园，那绿色的屋顶，每个人都很难过，而我知道我不得不说再见的不只是别墅而已。已经安排好八月底我们给安娜·阿列克丝耶夫娜送行，她去克里米亚，那里的医生正在照看她。紧接着卢格诺维奇和孩子们动身去西部省份
“Luckily or unluckily, there is nothing in our lives that does not end sooner or later. The time of parting came, as Luganovitch was appointed president in one of the western provinces. They had to sell their furniture, their horses, their summer villa. When they drove out to the villa, and afterwards looked back as they were going away, to look for the last time at the garden, at the green roof, every one was sad, and I realized that I had to say good-bye not only to the villa. It was arranged that at the end of August we should see Anna Alexyevna off to the Crimea, where the doctors were sending her, and that a little later Luganovitch and the children would set off for the western province.
“我们一大群人去给安娜·阿列克丝耶夫娜送行。当她跟她的丈夫和孩子们道完别后，还有一分钟第三次铃就要响了。我跑进她的车厢把一个篮子——她差点忘记了——放上行李架，然后我不得不跟她说再见了。在车厢里四目相对时我们精神上的坚韧土崩瓦解，我把她抱进怀里，她把脸庞压到我的胸膛上，泪如雨下。我吻她的脸庞，她的肩头，她被泪水打湿了的双手——唉，多么悲痛欲绝啊！——承认了对她的爱。在强烈的心痛中我意识到那阻止我们相爱的所有问题是多么多余，多么微不足道而虚伪。我懂得了当爱上一个人时必须在你对那份爱的评价中，认为那份爱是最高尚的开始去爱；或者在幸福或不幸，过失或美德的众所公认的意义中，认为爱比它们更重要地开始去爱。或者根本不必想什么，只管大胆去爱。
We were a great crowd to see Anna Alexyevna off. When she had said good-bye to her husband and her children and there was only a minute left before the third bell, I ran into her compartment to put a basket, which she had almost forgotten, on the rack, and I had to say good-bye. When our eyes met in the compartment our spiritual fortitude deserted us both; I took her in my arms, she pressed her face to my breast, and tears flowed from her eyes. Kissing her face, her shoulders, her hands wet with tears—oh, how unhappy were!—I confessed my love for her, and with a burning pain in my heart I realized how unnecessary, how petty, and how deceptive all that had hindered us from loving was. I understood that when you love you must either, in your reasonings about that love, start from what is highest, from what is more important than happiness or unhappiness, sin or virtue in their accepted meaning, or you must not reason at all.
“我最后一次吻了她，紧握了一下她的手，然后永远地离开了。火车已经开了，我走进下一个车厢里——那是一个空车厢——一直坐在那儿哭直到火车抵达下一个站。然后回到沙非诺的家……。”
“I kissed her for the last time, pressed her hand, and parted for ever. The train had already started. I went into the next compartment—it was empty—and until I reached the next station I sat there crying. Then I walked home to Sofino….”
在阿列恒讲述他的故事时，雨停了，太阳出来了。伯京和伊凡·伊凡诺维奇去了阳台，从那儿能看到花园和磨坊池塘那边的美丽景色，磨坊池塘此刻在阳光下像镜子一样闪闪发光。他们赞赏这美丽的景色，同时伤感目光亲切睿智的阿列恒——他饱含真情地给他们讲述了这个故事——一直像轮子上的松鼠一样旋转不息地在这个巨大的庄园里奔忙，而不去做学问或从事其它将使他的生活更舒心的工作；他们还想到了当阿列恒在火车上跟她道别并亲吻她的脸庞和肩头时安娜·阿列克丝耶夫娜必定悲痛欲绝的脸。他们两人都在城里见过她，伯京还认识安娜·阿列克丝耶夫娜，认为她真是一个美人。
While Alehin was telling his story, the rain left off and the sun came out. Burkin and Ivan Ivanovitch went out on the balcony, from which there was a beautiful view over the garden and the mill-pond, which was shining now in the sunshine like a mirror. They admired it, and at the same time they were sorry that this man with the kind, clever eyes, who had told them this story with such genuine feeling, should be rushing round and round this huge estate like a squirrel on a wheel instead of devoting himself to science or something else which would have made his life more pleasant; and they thought what a sorrowful face Anna Alexyevna must have had when he said good-bye to her in the railway-carriage and kissed her face and shoulders. Both of them had met her in the town, and Burkin knew her and thought her beautiful.
篇2：心理咨询你了解多少？
心理咨询你了解多少？什么是正规的心理咨询？是不是像人们想得那样？心理咨询逐渐被人接受的同时也在造成不同程度上误会，存在很多误区，有人把心理咨询当做聊天，有人把心理医生当做算命先生。所以必须要让大家知道什么是真正的心理咨询。
1、心理咨询≠讨教、传授处理问题良策
人们有了心理问题才可能想到要心理咨询，而恰恰多数的心理问题不能以简单的说教来解决。对于求助者来说，他们认为心理咨询就是心理咨询师帮助自己拿出解决问题的主意，要求尽快得到处理问题的良方良策，但大多数的问题又都是些社会心理问题，而每一个问题又有千差万别的处理方法，不同的个性及思维行为模式就会有不同的思维趋向，因此在不同的人看来就有不同的方法，作为咨询者看来是正确的方法不见得适合来访者。
正规的心理咨询是咨询工作者与来访者在商榷、讨论当中使来访者发现其个性中的不足，并通过咨询来解决和完善这一不足，然后来访者拿出办法。相反，假若咨询工作者替来访者在某类问题上拿定了主意，这便违背了心理咨询的原则。假如一个人向不同的几位心理咨询师咨询，都给他传授了几种良策，到最后他肯定会不知所措了，再假如他走捷径按照讨得的决定去做了，丧失了目己的个性不说，下一步心理咨询师该给他纠正的就是“咨询依赖”了。
2、心理咨询≠同情+阅历
有不少来访者、尤其是电话来访者，要求心理咨询师最好遇到过、处理过他们所存在的问题，只有这样对会同情他、理解他。对心理咨询工作人员要求阅历深、经验多这是人之常情(也不排除来访者自己尚未意识到的多疑这一性格特点)，但大可不必要求心理咨询师也有过类似经历，不管有无类似经历，都会以极大的同情心相待。就像一位助产士的轻柔动作未必是从体验生孩子当中学来的一样。还有一种现象，来访者咨询的目的好像就是为了寻求同情，如恋爱中的一方如果自认为条件较优越，而对方又不够热情主动，这时如果按照咨询原理去解决其问题时他会显得不安，也许他会说，“我的条件多优越呀，你应该同情我批评他(她)才对呀!”，试想对来访者赞扬、同情一番，除了当时心情上一阵舒畅之外，领捂不到自身认知方面的缺陷，过后还是又回到原来的状态。要不怎么说“良药苦口，忠言逆耳” 呢?
3、心理咨询≠有精神病、不光彩、不体面
目前人们对心理咨询虽有所了解，但仍有人认为是“治精神病”的，或者已经到了精神病的程度再来看心理咨询师。曾有心理学家做过统计，来心理门诊咨询的有26.3%达到重性精神病诊断标准，还有一些人认为看心理咨询师是不光彩、不体面的事，往往是偷偷摸摸地来到心理门诊，惟恐被别人发现。实际上在有些国家里人们对心理咨询的理解正好与我们相反，例如美国，小伙子在与女友约会前安排会见一次他的心理咨询师，约会时他有可能在其女朋友面前炫耀一番他在这之前看过心理咨询师，他的女朋友则会为之感动，因为她觉得男友一来对她、对约会很重视，二来认为他很注重生活质量。
4、心理咨询≠爱心+道德+能言善辩
在一些电台、电视台及报刊的栏目主持人当中不少存有这一误区，
通过这些新闻媒介，他们具有较高的知名度，开办栏目的宗旨是为人们排忧解难人们对这些主持人的评价或许是“人生的导师”，他们的口才好、文笔流畅。他们往往以道德家的眼光来评判来访者的苦恼，把人们的心理问题区分为有对有错、有该干与不该干之别，岂不知在人们的心理问题当中有许多就是以与现实道德伦理相悖为根源的，就心理问题而言，不该有对与错之说。
例如在电台上，听众打电话参与节目，遇到的问题是配偶有婚外恋，在困惑与迷茫中诉出其苦恼，让人听起来好像全是对方的过错，主持人在同情参与者之余，便是群起而攻之的声讨。实际上，对方有婚外情，在自身方面也肯定存有多种因素或者说也应负有一定的责任，除了同情之外，还要帮助来访者发现生活当中存在的问题以及认知过程的矫正。就道德方面而言，人们的感情困惑也许就是因为与道得相悖为根源的，毕竟它们是不能相互取代的。相反，对对方或对来访者进行道得谴责还会加重来访者的心理负担。
5、心理咨询师≠万能算命者
有些来访者将心理咨询师神化，一种心理状态是认为心理咨询师是搞心理学的，应该一眼就能看出来访者的心理问题，否则就是不称职。另一种心理状态是来访者羞于表达内心感受，不愿将自己的心理活动吐露出来，认为心理咨询师能够猜得出。实际上，心理咨询师也是人，只是利用心理学原理，以来访者提供的问题作基础才能对其有所帮助。正如有人感冒发烧时心理咨询师先用体温表测出其体温后再制定治疗方案一样。
6、心理咨询≠声音悦耳+善解人意
似乎只要有甜美的嗓音，不管谈什么，能侃能聊、迎合求询者的心理、能吸引住人这就是标准。尽管有的打着“心理调适”含蓄的字眼，但打电话的来访者在与主持人的对话当中，已经把主持人当成心理咨询师，或把这个过程看做是心理咨询了。所起的作用除了疏泄一下之外其它就很难说了。也有的求询者目的不是为了咨询，其中苦衷可能只有主持人自己才会知道。
心理咨询所要解决的是人们的一些社会心理问题，从业人员不仅要有健康的人格素质，还需具备以下条件：掌握相关的心理学、精神医学知识、哲学、及社会心理学等相关学科的知识；要有国家相关部门颁发的资格证书；要有相关的从业经历；这样才有可能把精神疾病与心理障碍区别开来，才能了解躯体疾病与精神疾病的联系，对某些以躯体不适为主的患者能发现他们的心理社会根源；再加上贯串始终的哲学思维方法和心理咨询的原则，这才是一个合格心理咨询师所做的心理咨询。（文章来自：心灵氧吧腾讯日志）
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篇3：关于抑郁症你了解多少
关于抑郁症你了解多少
We all have our own vulnerabilities for depression, based on our life experiences, health conditions, substance use, and genetic4 predisposition. A person's risk for becoming depressed at some point in his or her life ranges from low to high, based upon the interaction of all of these factors.
对于抑郁，我们都有各自的薄弱点，这些可能和人生经历、健康情况、物质滥用和遗传易感性有关。在这些因素的共同作用下，一个人一生中的抑郁风险有高有低。
A good general way to think of the factors that lead to depression is with the two-hit hypothesis. This model suggests that people become depressed when the effects of their genetic composition—which itself puts them somewhere on a scale of low-to-high likelihood of eventually developing depression—combine with stressful life experiences.
采取“两步假设法”可以从宏观上了解这些因素是怎样导致抑郁的。这个模式认为，在基因组成(其本身也对产生抑郁影响有高低之分)和充满压力的生活的共同作用下，人们就抑郁了。
Even those individuals with a low genetic tendency for depression can become depressed when they experience extreme stress. On the other hand, people with strong genetic predispositions may become depressed without experiencing much stress. Naturally, the people with both high stress and strong genetic predispositions are the most likely to have a depressive disorder5.
即便一个人抑郁的遗传倾向程度低，但是处于极度压力下的时候，这人也会抑郁;同样，抑郁的遗传倾向程度高的那些人，即使没处于压力环境中，也可能抑郁。自然地，那些高压力、高(遗传)基因易感性的人患抑郁症的可能性最大。
While the two-hit hypothesis is useful conceptually, making predictions for particular individuals is still a challenge. For example, because of their psychological characteristics, people respond to stress in different ways. Plus, the genetics of depression is not as simple as something like eye color.
虽然这“两步假设法”理论上行得通，可是要预测特定个体，依然是一个挑战。例如，心理特征不同的人对压力的反应不同。另外，抑郁的基因可不像决定眼睛颜色的基因那么简单。
What stressful conditions might contribute to someone developing depression?
有哪些充满压力的环境能让人们抑郁呢?
emotional or physical abuse, especially when it continues over long periods
身心虐待，尤其是长期的
sexual abuse
性虐待
emotional and physical neglect
情绪或身体被忽视
chaotic6 home environment
混乱的家庭环境
chronic7 illnesses, especially during childhood
慢性疾病，尤其是在儿童时期
substance abuse, including alcoholism
物质滥用，包括酗酒
chronic insomnia8 and sleep deprivation9
长期失眠和睡眠剥夺
How can stress early in life affect mood and brain functioning later on? There are several theoretical possibilities. One is that stress hormones10 influence the development of key areas of the brain related to mood and emotions.
人生早期的压力对随后的情绪、大脑运作有何影响?有一些理论对此进行了解释。其中一个理论认为压力荷尔蒙会影响和情绪、情感有关的关键大脑区域的发育。
Is there a depression gene3?
有一种“抑郁基因"吗?
The genetics of depression are complex and not yet fully11 understood. A single depression gene locus12 has not been found; rather, several sections of the genome have been identified that are associated with a higher probability of having depression.
有关抑郁的基因研究很复杂，还没有被人们完全了解。尚未找到一个单一的抑郁基因位点;不过，已经发现一些基因组，它们和较易导致抑郁
You are at higher risk for depression if ...
下面的情况出现时，出现抑郁的风险更大......
you have had significant difficulty due to depression in the past
抑郁曾为你带来巨大的困扰
depression runs in your family, especially in close blood relatives
有抑郁家史，尤其是近亲中
you have been exposed to chronic stressful circumstances
长期处于压力大的环境中
If you think that you are at high risk for depression, you should be alert for early signs of any symptoms of a mood disorder and you should then talk with your mental health specialist about possible treatments. Early treatment can have both short- and long-term benefits.
如果你认为自己是以为高抑郁风险者，那么对任何情绪紊乱的早期症状都要警觉，和心理健康专家探讨如何治疗。及早治疗会带来短期和长期的好处。
Of course, if you already have severe depressive symptoms, then seek help right away. If you are feeling suicidal, talk with someone about it immediately and consult your doctor, or else get to an emergency room fast.
当然，如果你已经有严重的抑郁症状，那么应寻求正确的帮助。如果你感到有自杀倾向，立刻和某个人说一说，咨询你的医生，或迅速前往急诊室。
Consider, too, the risks of your family and friends. You might play an important role in helping13 them get early treatment to prevent worse symptoms in the future.
同样，要考虑家人和朋友的抑郁风险。在帮助他们及早治疗、预防恶化的过程中，你可能会起到重要的作用。
扩展：不景气时保住工作的五个方法
While a recession may not be inevitable1, the economy is showing slowed growth, and this could mean that some companies consider downsizing. Worries about a US recession have many also worrying about their jobs.
虽然也许经济消退不可避免，但是经济却显示的是增长放缓，这意味着那些公司在考虑裁员。 对于消退的担心也然给许多人对工作感到担心。
You want to make sure that you can keep your job if times get tougher. Below are five things you can do to improve your chances of being kept on.
你希望确保如果时期艰苦，也能保住工作。以下就是提高在职可能性的五个方法：
1. Come up with ways to cut costs.想出节约成本的方法
See areas of waste at your company? Point out practical ways to improve efficiency and cut costs in the workplace. Obviously, now is not the time to ask for a raise. Bonus: If you can see a potential new revenue stream that requires a low (or better yet, no) cost investment, get that going. Someone who is innovative2 at stretching resources is more valuable than someone who does nothing more than consume them.
看见公司存在浪费?指出实际可行的方法来提高效率并节减开支。显然地，现在并不是要求加薪的时间。 好处：如果你能发现一条投资少却是新的收入渠道， 那么就让这个想法实现。 那些在最大化利用资源上更具有创新的人们要比那些无非只是消耗它们的人们更有价值。
2. Boost your visibility. 提高可见性
You want to be noticed in a positive way. Make sure you are on time to work, and that you limit your vacation time. Also, if you are making solid contributions, make sure that they are noticed. You don't have to be obnoxious3 about it, but you should make sure that your boss is aware of what you add to the company. You want to be known. The first people fired are those with a negative impression. The next to go are those that are unnoticed and therefore expendable.
你希望人们注意到积极的一面。确保你上班准时;你还必须限制休假日期。如果你做出了坚实的贡献;确保你被别人注意。你不必对此不高兴;而是应该让老板意识到你给公司添加的东西。 你希望被人们知道。 被解雇的人是那些消极印象的人。而第二批被解雇的人将会是那些不被注意从而可以“被牺牲”的人。
3. Go beyond. 多做事
Look for ways to go beyond what you've been told to do. Volunteer for additional tasks. But be careful! Don't volunteer for more than you can handle. You want to be known as a go-getter who gets the job done well.
寻找超出自己工作范围之外的事情。 自愿去做额外工作。 但是注意!别自愿超过力所能及的范围。 你希望人们把你认为是一个能把事情做好的“富有进取心的人”。
4. Improve your skill set. 提高你的技能
Are your skills obsolete4? Take extra classes to brush up the latest skills. If career improvement seminars are offered at work, attend them. You want to show your employer that you are still viable5 in the workplace, and that you have the necessary training to continue doing a good job.
你的技能过时了吗? 参加额外班级来更新你的技能。如果工作中提供职业提升班，那么就可以参加。 你希望的是在雇主面前表现出在职场上你依然“有用”， 你接受了继续做好工作的必要培训。
5. Watch your attitude. 注意自己的态度
Now is not the time to complain constantly. If you have constructive6 ways to make the workplace better, present them in a professional manner. Do not whine7 or complain excessively. A reputation as a morale-killer can lose you your job.
现在可不是抱怨不停的时候。如果你有建设性方法让工作场所变得更好，以职业的方式提出。不要发牢骚或过度抱怨。一个“士气杀手”的名声可能让你失去工作。
And, because there's no guarantee that you will retain your job in a recession, no matter how hard you try, it doesn't hurt to be prepared. On your own time, update your resume. Also, make sure that you are still networking with old bosses, coworkers, and business contacts. Don't wait until you are laid off to keep your contacts and resume fresh. You will get better results if you are prepared ahead of time.
而且，因为在不景气时没有保不准你会一定不失业，所以，不论多么努力，做好准备不会是坏事。 在自己的时间内，更新建立。同样，确保和过去老板、同事、企业联系人有联系。 不要等到失业后再更新联系人和简历信息。 如果提前准备那么结果会更好。
篇4：简历你了解多少？
简历你了解多少？
简历作为申请者和学校交流的第一窗口，是学生和录取委员会沟通的第一通道。因此，一份有竞争性，能够让录取委员会印象深刻的简历非常重要。在留学生数量不断增加的美国，每个学校在申请季都会收到大量申请者的材料，这也就为录取委员会带来了审核上的负担。在对每个人的材料审核花费时间越来越少的现在，完美的简历就成为了录取委员会快速了解申请者综合能力的重要通道。 简历在形式上是没有固定模板或要求的。也就是申请者可以根据自己的情况制作看上去比较美观的简历。尤其是艺术类申请者，可以运用电脑软件做一份个性，酷炫，展现软件能力的高大上简历。了解了简历的重要性后，简单的说一下留学申请简历的`构成。正常情况下一份简历要包含个人信息，教育背景，工作和科研经历，课外活动，所获奖励，出版物，个人技能和语言能力及兴趣爱好等部分。 个人信息 鉴于简历的简洁性和突出性，在这一部分大家要尽量少花费笔墨，节省空间给其他重要信息。只要把姓名，联系方式介绍清楚即可。避免中国思维，不要加上出生年月，性别等这些可以在其他文件中看到的信息。 教育背景 这里主要介绍的是自己的专业，学校，学位以及在学校的绩点即可。如果专业成绩比综合成绩高也可列出。若是转专业申请，还可列出部分和申请专业相关的课程。 工作和科研经历 这个是简历中能展现和申请专业相关实践能力的重要部分，因此，如实习，不仅要把公司，职位写清楚，还要把自己工作期间的成就或者是能突出能力的一些活动简单作下阐述。多个实习单位的话，就按照离现在最近的时间倒叙列出来。研究经历也是这样来写，但是要加上指导老师。 出版物 也就是publication，除了出版公司出的书籍，当然也包括学生在杂志或期刊上发表的论文。学术会议的报告或者文章也是比较有分量的。 课外活动 这部分主要是为了展现学生的综合能力，最好要体现出leadership，这一点是美国学校比较青睐的。另外还可以写一些沟通组织能力，协调能力和团队合作能力、社会责任感等。 所获奖励 部分美国学校会明确要求学生写自己的honors或awards，这个当然可以是学术上的，比如奖学金，也可以是其他方面的，比如辩论一等奖之类的。 其他 这里主要是补充学生身上的亮点，比如国家级运动员，钢琴9级，导演过微电影等。这些是为录取委员会展示丰富饱满的申请者。 虽然，在内容上列出了这么多部分，但是在页数上硕士简历一定要控制在2页以内，过多不重要的信息会让录取委员会怀疑学生的概括能力。总之，简历内容一定要经过仔细研究推敲后再去写作。篇5：个人简历你了解多少
个人简历你了解多少
应届毕业生有多少人真的了解到个人简历的作用呢，一份出色的个人求职简历可改变你的一生，一份得不到面试的简历不但浪费时间更浪费了你的人生机会。 制作简历是大学生走向职场的第一步，也是职场必修的一门课。个人简历存在着很多问题，比如个人简历上需要封面吗？个人简历究竟该写几页呢？一份简历可以应聘不同公司吗？一系列疑惑让我们慢慢来分析，为大家解答。 疑惑一：个人简历上需要封面吗？ 很多应聘者会给个人简历加上一个精美的封面，但是现如今给建立设置封面越来越不被用人单位认可，应聘者用心良苦的制作在用人单位看来非常多余，省去翻封面的时间可以看更多的个人简历。简历不要给用人单位太拖沓的感觉，公司招聘人员没这么多时间慢慢品味你的简历，一眼扫下来没有重要信息就会被丢在一边，你的简历就永无见光之日了。但是事情不是绝对的，如果你学的是关于设计或者艺术专业的`话，一个优秀的封面往往会成为你简历中最大的亮点。 疑惑二：个人简历究竟该写几页呢？ 最佳答案是一页。不管是中文简历还是英文简历都尽可能在一页纸里完成，这样能让人感到简洁精干。很多应聘者都有一些工作经验，足够写上3张纸。但是招聘人员愿意看到的只有一页内容让人一眼明了的简历。不管你多用心良苦的去编写你的简历最后投递出去能被招聘人员浏览的时间只有几十秒，然后决定是否面试你。所以个人简历不要写多余的精力，容易遭到招聘人员的忽视。 简历是为了获得面试的机会，篇幅太长会让你丧失机会，做一份简洁精干的个人简历需要“简而有力”！句子不多不少，用自己的语言将经历表达出来一页纸的内容完全可以将一个人表现的淋漓尽致。篇6：留学美国入境签证种类您了解多少
留学美国入境签证种类您了解多少
进入美国的外国人不仅需要持有合法的护照、而且需要由美国大使馆或领事馆签发的入境签证。美国政府发给入境留学的签证，主要有学生签证和学者签证两大种。
F-1学生签证是由美国驻外使领馆机构向赴美学习人员签发的一种非移民签证。它是签发给被美国全日制大学或全日制语言学校录取的，以全部时间从事学习的正规学生签证。申请F-1签证者，必须向所申办的美国使领馆提供有效的护照和I-20表。I-20表实际就是美国学校发给外国学生申请入境美国签证的通行证，表上注有申请人就读学校、系所、在美学习期限以及应提出财力证明的金额等重要事项。若校方未在表上说明学校将为申请人提供经济资助，如奖学金或校内兼职工作等，申请人就必须提供证据表明自己有足够的经费，或有他人支付申请人在美期间的学习与生活费用。一般而言，凡自筹经费或由亲友资助赴美自费留学的人，均应向美国学校申请I-20表，办理F-1签证。对持F-1签证者，美国法律规定不得在美寻找永久性工作或做永久性停留，且在学习期满后必须离开美国。F-1签证的期限，最长可达八年。已婚学生如带配偶和小孩一起赴美留学，则需申办F-2留学生陪读签证。
J-1签证主要是发给访问学者或交流学者的，系美国驻外使领馆发给外国人赴美进行合作研究的签证种类之一，亦属非移民签证。不过，赴美公费留学生通常也是申办此种签证，而非F-1签证。这是因为中国政府为保证公费赴美留学人员能学成归国，规定公派留学人员包括进修和攻读学位者，只能申办J-1签证。中国的公费留学人员，就是由中美政府或双方单位提供资助的学生、学者或研究人员，包括国家公派、单位公派或根据两国政府协议及双方校际交流协议互换赴美的学者或学生。申办J-1签证，需要提供由美方大学或接收单位发出的IAP-66表。该表就是交换学者、访问学者和公费留学生的'签证资格书，有效期为一年，上面注有在美留学期限、费用数额和来源以及其他有关的事项。按照美国法律规定，持J-1签证者在美停留期限一般不超过三年，期满后需返国服务两年。这是J-1签证与F-1签证的重要区别。在美停留期满后，持该签证者如想继续停留，需向美有关部门申请，并出示派出国驻美使馆出具的不反对豁免其回国服务两年义务的证明。公费留学生的配偶和小孩，可申办J-2签证赴美陪读。
M-1签证是发给职业学校或非专业大学的学生的。M-1学生签证与F-1学生签证的差别，主要是限制条件较多，如不能改变所学专业，入学六个月后不能转学，在美最长时间不得超过一年等。一年内如不能完成学业，必须申请延期。
以上是留学美国入境签证种类您了解多少的介绍，希望能对正在申请美国留学签证的学生有所帮助。如有更多美国留学问题，欢迎咨询育路出国留学专家。
篇7：留学澳洲签证种类您了解多少
留学澳洲签证种类您了解多少
澳洲留学签证分为电子签证和普通签证两种不同的类型，那么澳洲留学签证的种类有哪些呢？以下是澳洲留学签证种类详细介绍，希望能对赴澳洲留学的学子有更多的帮助：
570类型：只申请赴澳大利亚留学就读语言课程，IELTS需要5分以上，但是目前这种签证基本上已经不能办理。
571类型：针对中学生办理的签证，可在澳大利亚当地就读10，11，12年级课程，必须在普通高中（职高，中专，技校除外）就读的学生可以享受IELTS豁免的权利，对于到澳大利亚入读的年龄和课程设置有严格要求。
572类型：申请赴澳大利亚就读TAFE， DIPLOMA， CERTIFICATE等专业性比较强的课程， IELTS需要5分以上，按照澳大利亚移民局的要求，不需要继续在当地就读语言课程的最低要求为IELTS5.5分，实际情况需要根据学校各专业的具体要求而定。
573类型：申请赴澳大利亚留学就读本科，授课式研究生学位课程，GRADUATE ***IFICATE以及GRADUATE DIPLOMA等研究生文凭课程，IELTS需要5分以上，按照澳大利亚移民局的.要求，不需要继续在当地就读语言课程的最低要求为IELTS6分，实际情况需要根据学校各专业的具体要求而定，同时申请该类型签证必须拥有高中毕业证。
574类型：申请赴澳大利亚留学就读研究式研究生学位课程，博士课程，IELTS需要5分以上，按照澳大利亚移民局的要求，不需要继续在当地就读语言课程的最低要求为IELTS6分，实际情况需要根据学校各专业的具体要求而定。
575类型：申请赴澳大利亚就读预科课程，预备课程或者其他非学历课程，IELTS需要5分以上，但目前单办该类型签证，澳大利亚移民局批准的可能性比较小，一般国内学生不只单办该类型签证，通常都是在预科课程后面加配本科学士学位课程来一起递交，直接申请就读573类型签证。
以上是澳洲签证种类您了解多少介绍，希望能对有意赴澳大利亚留学的学生有所帮助。如有更多澳大利亚留学问题，欢迎咨询育路出国留学专家。
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