下面是小编为大家推荐的八年级生物上学期期中试题带答案,本文共10篇,欢迎阅读,希望大家能够喜欢。
篇1:八年级生物上学期期中试题带答案
八年级人教版生物上学期期中试题带答案
一、相信你的判断力(单项选择,每空1.5分,全部答对,你可得到60分,请将答案写在答题卡上,写在试卷上一律无效)
烟波浩渺的海洋,奔腾不息的江河,碧波荡漾的湖泊,涓涓流淌的小溪,本来都是水生动物的乐园。
由于人类的活动,地球上水域污染日趋严重,鱼类决定召集广大鱼类成员开会,一起商议将来的生存大计。鱿鱼、鲫鱼、娃娃鱼、甲鱼、鲸纷纷游来,连海马也匆匆赶来……
请根据上述内容回答1—5题
1、这些动物中,有几个是真正的鱼类有资格进入会场
A、1
B、2
C、3
D、4
2、鲫鱼的呼吸器官是
A、体表
B、鳃
C、肺
D、皮肤
3、属于哺乳动物的是
A、鲸
B、娃娃鱼
C、甲鱼
D、鱿鱼
4、属于无脊椎动物的是
A、鲫鱼
B、鱿鱼
C、甲鱼
D、鲸
5、“美人鱼”的名字叫儒艮,是由于母兽给幼兽喂奶时常浮出水面,就像人类的哺乳,你认为美人鱼属于
A、鱼类
B、软体动物
C、哺乳动物
D、两栖类
6、到水产品市场买鱼时,判断鱼是否新鲜,要看鱼鳃的颜色,新鲜鱼鳃的颜色应是
A、灰白色
B、鲜红色
C、暗红色
D、白色
7、下列是同学们熟悉的一些空中飞行的动物,其中不属于鸟类的是:
A、家鸽;
B、家燕;
C、蝙蝠;
D、麻雀。
8、麻雀是一种常见的鸟,其身体最发达的肌肉应该是:
A、翼和腿上的肌肉;
B、胸肌;
C、后肢肌肉;
D、两翼肌肉。
9、通过饲养和观察蚯蚓,知道了蚯蚓的刚毛可以协助
A、运动
B、呼吸
C、御敌
D、生殖
10、同学们熟悉的家兔、宠物狗等哺乳动物的体表一般都具有发达的体毛,其主要作用是:
A、防御;
B、保温;
C、保护;
D、伪装。
11、家兔的体循环路线是
A、右心室→肺→左心房
B、左心室→肺→右心房
C、左心室→身体各部→右心房
D、右心室→身体各部→左心房
12、家兔的血液循环和人体的相似,下列关于家兔血液循环特点的叙述中,不正确的是
A、肺动脉里流的是动脉血
B、体动脉里流的是动脉血
C、肺静脉里流的是动脉血
D、体静脉里流的是静脉血
13、哺乳动物的生殖方式是胎生,对动物的意义是
A、降低出生个体的数目
B、提高后代的成活率
C、增加后代个体的数目
D、使后代个体的体质增强
14、狼、虎和狮都是同学们熟悉的食肉动物。它们的牙齿的特点是:
A、臼齿发达;
B、门齿发达;
C、犬齿发达;
D、犬齿退化。
15、蝗虫可以生活在于燥的陆地上,在它的形态结构中,防止水分散失的是
A、体表的革质翅
B、体表的大量鳞片
C、覆盖全身的表皮
D、坚硬的外骨骼
16、蝗虫善于飞行,它的运动器官是
A、后翅
B、后足
C、前翅
D、翅和足
17、将动物行为分为先天性行为和学习行为的主要依据是
A、行为发生的时间
B、行为获得的途径
C、行为发生的现象
D、行为发生的规律
18、下列动物行为中,属于先天性行为的是
A、小狗算算术
B、刚出生的小猪吃奶
C、大山雀喝牛奶
D、海豚表演顶球、跳跃
19、小鸟育雏这种行为从获得的途径和现象看分别属于
A、繁殖行为、先天性行为
B、先天性行为、繁殖行为
C、学习行为、繁殖行为
D、繁殖行为、学习行为
20、对动物“尝试与错误”的行为叙述不正确的是
A、“尝试与错误”是常见的动物学习行为
B、“尝试与错误”是动物的后天性行为
C、“尝试与错误”是动物的先天性行为
D、动物越高等,“尝试与错误”的次数就越少
21、下列都属于两栖动物的一组是
A、海龟、青蛙、鳄鱼
B、大鲵、海龟、青蛙
C、蟾蜍、大鲵、蝾螈
D、蟾蜍、海龟、大鲵
22、下列属于脊椎动物的是
A、水螅
B、蝗虫
C、虾
D、海马
23、鸟飞行时,牵动两翼完成飞行动作,其动力主要来自
A、四肢
B、胸骨
C、胸肌
D、羽毛
24、下列属于哺乳动物的是
A、鲸
B、娃娃鱼
C、甲鱼
D、鱿鱼
25、哺乳动物的主要特征是
A、体表被有鳞片,用鳃呼吸
B、体表被毛,胎生,哺乳
C、体表有外骨骼,足和触角分节
D、体表有羽毛,前肢变成翼
26、鱼离开水后会很快死亡,原因是
A、不能游泳
B、不能呼吸
C、不能保温
D、不能取食
27、哺乳动物特有的胎生方式使哺乳动物
A、成体减轻了生殖的负担
B、幼体发育较好,后代成活率高
C、成体加重了生殖的负担
D、幼体能够更快地长大
28、人在狂笑时若用力过猛,会出现上下颌不能合拢的现象,这是由于
A、关节头从关节窝脱出
B、关节头从关节囊中脱出
C、关节软骨发生病变
D、关节腔内有滑液
29、下列有关人体运动的说法,正确的是
A、骨是运动的支点
B、骨骼肌收缩为运动提供动力
C、一个动作可以由一块骨骼肌独立完成
D、用力推门时,肱二头肌收缩,肱三头肌舒张
30、骨、关节、骨骼肌在运动中的作用分别是
A、杠杆、支点、动力
B、杠杆、连接、动力
C、保护、支点、动力
D、动力、支点、杠杆
33、用性外激素引诱剂诱杀农业上蛾蝶类害虫利用的原理是
A、昆虫的取食行为
B、昆虫之间的通讯
C、昆虫的学习行为
D、昆虫的迁徙行为
34、下列动物行为中,都属于后天学习行为的是
①鹦鹉学舌②蜘蛛结网 ③孔雀开屏④老马识途
A、①② B、③④ C、①④ D、②③
35、初夏时节,连成片的槐树上槐花竞相开放,十里飘香,成群的蜜蜂在辛勤采蜜。对蜜蜂这种行为的解释,正确的是
①是先天性行为②是学习行为
③是由遗传因素决定的④是由环境因素决定的.
A、①③ B、②④ C、①④ D、②③
36、搜救犬发现废墟下有人时,会重嗅、扒地、摇尾巴,然后连声吠叫,这种行为属于
A、学习行为
B、先天性行为
C、取食行为
D、防御行为
37、下列动物中,学习能力最强的是
A、蚯蚓
B、青蛙
C、蝗虫
D、黑猩猩
38、不属于社会行为特征的是
A、有组织
B、有分工
C、有的存在等级
D、有捕食行为
39、动物在生物圈中扮演很重要的角色,下列哪一项叙述不是它在生物圈中的作用
A、能促进生态系统的物质循环
B、能陶冶人们的情操
C、能维持地球上的生态平衡
D、能帮助植物传粉、传播种子
40、麻雀曾被认定为主要害鸟,20世纪50~60年代,我国曾开展过大规模的“剿灭麻雀”运动,现在又发出了保护麻雀的呼声,对此以下说法不正确的是
A、现在的麻雀生活习性发生改变,不糟蹋农作物
B、麻雀除了啄食农作物外,也啄食害虫
C、麻雀在自然界的生态平衡中扮演重要角色
D、大量捕杀麻雀,破坏了食物网的稳定,影响了其他生物的生存
二、试试你的综合能力(请认真思考,你一共可得40分,请将答案写在答题卡上,写在试卷上一律无效)
41、(8分)
(1)蝗虫的身体分_______、_______ 、_______三部分。
(2)_______胸部生有对足和对翅。
(3)体表具有,能保护和支持内部柔软的器官,并防止_______,以适应陆地生活。
(4)图中_______序号表示的结构为气门,将蝗虫胸部、腹部浸入水中,一段时间后蝗虫会死亡,这是因为蝗虫呼吸时气体出入身体的门户被淹没所致。
42、(11分)图中所指结构的名称:
(1)a是_______,
b是_______,
c是_______。
(2)鸟的呼吸器官是_______,但是鸟的呼吸方式很特别,原因是_______它还具有发达的_______可以辅助呼吸。
(3)鸟的身体呈_______型,可以减少飞行时空气的。
(4)鸟的前肢变成_______,适于搏击空气振翅高飞。
(5)鸟的骨骼轻、薄、坚固,有些骨中空,可减轻。胸骨上高耸的突起叫做。附着在胸骨上的是全身最发达的_______,可提供飞行的动力。
43、新年联欢会上许多同学都积极参加了猜谜语活动,这些谜语都是关于动物的,请你也一起参加,看看你能猜出几个。(6分)
谜语1:不走光跳,吵吵闹闹,吃虫吃粮,功大过小。
谜语2:身体半球形,背上七颗星,棉花喜欢它,捕虫最著名。
谜语3:鸟儿当中数它小,针状嘴巴舌尖巧,身子只有野蜂大,飞行本领却很高。
谜语4:头上两根须,身穿花衣衫,飞进花朵里,传粉又吃蜜。
谜语5:会飞不是鸟,两翅没羽毛,白天休息晚活动,倒挂着睡觉。
(1)从下列选项中选出5个谜语的答案
(蝴蝶、七星瓢虫、麻雀、蝙蝠、蜂鸟)
谜语1是:
谜语2是:
谜语3是:
谜语4是:
谜语5是:
(2)这五种动物中,既不属于昆虫,也不属于鸟类的动物应该属于动物_______(填所属类群)。
44、请将右图中序号所表示的结构名称写出:(7分)
① _____;
② ________;
③ ________;
④ ________;
⑤ _______ 。
脱臼是指_________从__________里滑脱出来。(填文字)
45、为伸肘时肌肉协作示意图,据图回答:(8分)
(1)伸肘时,_______肌收缩,_______舒张。
(2)该图说明一个动作的完成,至少需_______组以上的肌群在的支配下,相互配合,共同完成的;
(3)由图可见,一块骨骼肌的两端至少应附着在根以上的骨上,附在骨上的部分叫_______。
答案:
(满分100分,考试形式为开卷,考试时间90分钟)得分
题号1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案B B A B C B C B A B
题号11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案C A B C D D B B B C
题号21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案C D C A B B B A B A
题号31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
答案A A B C A A D D B A
41、(1)头、胸、腹。(2)3,2 。
(3)外骨骼,体内水分蒸发。(4)① 。
42、(1)a是气管,b是气囊,c是肺。
(2)肺,气囊。
(3)流线型,阻力
(4)翼。
(5)体重,龙骨突,胸肌。
篇2:八年级人教版生物上学期期中试题带答案
一、相信你的判断力(单项选择,每空1.5分,全部答对,你可得到60分,请将答案写在答题卡上,写在试卷上一律无效)
烟波浩渺的海洋,奔腾不息的江河,碧波荡漾的湖泊,涓涓流淌的小溪,本来都是水生动物的乐园。
由于人类的活动,地球上水域污染日趋严重,鱼类决定召集广大鱼类成员开会,一 起商议将来的生存大计。鱿鱼、鲫鱼、娃娃鱼、甲鱼、鲸纷纷游来,连海马也匆匆赶来……
请根据上述内容回答1-5题
1.这些动物中,有几个是真正的鱼类有资格进入会场
A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4
2.鲫鱼的呼吸器官是
A.体表 B.鳃 C.肺 D.皮肤
3.属于哺乳动物的是
A.鲸 B.娃娃鱼 C.甲鱼 D.鱿鱼
4.属于无脊椎动物的是
A.鲫鱼 B.鱿鱼 C.甲鱼 D.鲸
5.“美人鱼”的名字叫儒艮,是由于母兽给幼兽喂奶时常浮出水面,就像人类的哺乳,你认为美人鱼属于
A.鱼类 B.软体动物 C.哺乳动物 D.两栖类
6.到水产品市场买鱼时,判断鱼是否新鲜,要看鱼鳃的颜色,新鲜鱼鳃的颜色应是
A.灰白色 B.鲜红色 C.暗 红色 D.白色
7.下列是同学们熟悉的一些空中飞行的动物,其中不属于鸟类的是:
A. 家鸽;B.家燕;C.蝙蝠;D. 麻雀。
8.麻雀是一种常见的鸟,其身体最发达的肌肉应该是:
A.翼和腿上的肌肉;B.胸肌;C.后肢肌肉;D.两翼肌肉。
9.通过饲养和观察蚯蚓,知道了蚯蚓的刚毛可以协助
A.运动 B.呼吸 C.御敌 D.生殖
10.同学们熟悉的家兔、宠物狗等哺乳动物的体表一般都具有发达的体毛,其主要作用是:
A.防御;B.保温;C.保护;D.伪装。
11.家兔的体循环路线是
A.右心室→肺→左心房 B.左心室→肺→右心房
C.左心室→身体各部→右心房 D.右心室→身体各部→左心房
12.家兔的血液循环和人体的相似,下列关于家兔血液循环特点的叙述中,不正确的是
A.肺动脉里流的是动脉血 B.体动脉里流的是动脉血
C.肺静脉里流的是动脉血 D.体静脉里流的是静脉血
13. 哺乳动物的生殖方式是胎生,对动物的意义是
A. 降低出生个体的数目 B. 提高后代的成活率
C. 增加后代个体的数目 D. 使后代个体的 体质增强
14.狼、虎和狮都是同学们熟悉的食肉动物。它们的牙齿的特点是:
A.臼齿发达;B.门齿发达; C.犬齿发达;D.犬齿退化。
15.蝗虫可以生活在于燥的陆地上,在它的形态结构中,防止水分散失的是
A.体表的革质翅 B.体表的大量鳞片
C.覆盖全身的表皮 D.坚硬的外骨骼
16.蝗虫善于飞行,它的运动器官是
A.后翅 B.后足 C.前翅 D.翅和足
17.将动物行为分为先天性行为和学习行为的主要依据是
A. 行为发生的时间 B. 行为获得的途径
C. 行为发生的现象 D. 行为发生的规律
18.下列 动物行为中,属于先 天性行为的是
A.小狗算算术 B.刚出生的小猪吃奶
C.大山雀喝牛奶 D.海豚表演顶球、跳跃
19.小鸟育雏这种行为从获得的途径和现象看分别属于
A. 繁殖行为、先天性行为
B. 先天性行为、繁殖行为
C. 学习行为、繁殖行为
D. 繁殖行为、学习行为
20.对动物“尝试与错误”的行为叙述不正确的是
A. “尝试与错误”是常见的动物学习行为
B. “尝试与错误”是动物的后天性行为
C. “尝试与错误”是动物的先天性行为
D. 动物越高等,“尝试与错误”的次数就越少
21. 下列都属于两栖动物的一组是
A.海龟、青蛙、鳄鱼 B.大鲵、海龟、青蛙
C.蟾蜍、大鲵、蝾螈 D.蟾蜍、海龟、大鲵
22. 下列属于脊椎动物的是
A.水螅 B.蝗虫 C. 虾 D.海马
23. 鸟飞行时,牵动两翼完成飞行动作,其动力主要来自
A.四肢 B.胸骨 C.胸肌 D.羽毛
24. 下列属于哺乳动物的是
A.鲸 B.娃娃鱼 C.甲鱼 D.鱿鱼
25. 哺乳动物的主要特征是
A.体表被有鳞片,用鳃呼吸 B.体表被毛,胎生,哺乳
C.体表有外骨骼,足和触角分节 D.体表有羽毛,前肢变成翼
26. 鱼离开水后会很快死亡,原因是
A.不能游泳 B.不能呼吸
C.不能保温 D.不能取食
27. 哺乳动物特有的胎生方式使哺乳动物
A.成体减轻了生殖的负担 B.幼体发育较好,后代成活率高
C.成体加重了生殖的负担 D.幼体 能够更快地长大
28. 人在狂笑时若用力过猛,会出现上下颌不能合拢的现象,这是由于
A.关节头从关节窝脱出 B.关节头从关节囊中脱出
C.关节软骨发生病变 D.关节腔内有滑液
29. 下列有关人体运动的说法,正确的是
A.骨是运动的支点
B.骨骼肌收缩为运动提供动力
C.一个动作可以由一块骨骼肌独立完成
D.用力推门时,肱二头肌收缩,肱三头肌舒张
30.骨、关节、骨骼肌在运动中的作用分别是
A.杠杆、支点、动力 B.杠杆、连接、动力
C.保护、支点、动力 D.动力、支点、杠杆
33. 用性外激素引诱剂诱杀农业上蛾蝶类害虫利用的原理是
A.昆虫的取食行为 B.昆虫之间的通讯
C.昆虫的学习行为 D.昆虫的迁徙行为
34. 下列动物行为中,都属于后天学习行为的是
①鹦鹉学舌 ②蜘蛛结网 ③孔雀开屏 ④老马识途
A.①② B.③④ C.①④ D.②③
35. 初夏时节,连成片的槐树上槐花竞相开放,十里飘香,成群的蜜蜂在辛勤采蜜。对蜜蜂这种行为的解释,正确的是
①是先天性行为②是学习行为
③是由遗传因素决定的 ④是由环境因素决定的
A.①③ B.②④ C.①④ D.②③
36. 搜救犬发现废墟下有人时,会重嗅、扒地、摇尾巴, 然后连声吠叫,这种行为属于
A.学习行为 B.先天性行为
C.取食行为 D.防御行为
37. 下列动物中,学习能力最强的是
A.蚯蚓 B.青蛙 C.蝗虫 D.黑猩猩
38. 不属于社会行为特征的是
A.有组织 B. 有分工
C.有的存在等级 D. 有捕食行为
39. 动物在生物圈中扮演 很重要的角色,下列哪一项叙述不是它在生物圈中的作用
A.能促进生态系统的物质循环
B.能陶冶人们的情操
C.能维持地球上的生态平衡
D.能帮助植物传粉、传播种子
40. 麻雀曾被认定为主要害鸟,20世纪50~60年代,我国曾开展过大规模的“剿灭麻雀”运动,现在又发出了保护麻雀的呼声,对此以下说法不正确的是
A.现在的麻雀生活习性发生改变,不糟蹋农作物
B.麻雀除了啄食农作物外,也啄食害虫
C.麻雀在自然界的生态平衡中扮演重要角色
D.大量捕杀麻雀,破坏了食物网的稳定,影响了其他生物的生存
二、试试你的综合能力(请认真思考,你一共可得40分, 请将答案写在答题卡上,写在试卷上一律无效)
41.(8分)
(1)蝗虫的身体分 、、三部分。
(2)胸部生有 对足和 对翅。
(3)体表具有 ,能保护和支持内部柔软的器官,并防止 ,以适应陆地生活。
(4)图中序号 表示的结构为气门,将蝗虫胸部、腹部浸入水中,一段时间后蝗虫会死亡,这是因为蝗虫呼吸时气体出入身体的门户被淹没所致。
42.(11分)图中所指结构的
名称:
(1) a是 ,
b是 ,
c是 。
(2)鸟的呼吸器官是 ,
但是鸟的呼吸方式很特别,原因是
它还具有发达的 ,
可以辅助呼吸。
(3)鸟的身体呈 型,可以减少飞行时空气的 。
(4)鸟的前肢变成 ,适于搏击空气振翅高飞。
(5)鸟的骨骼轻、薄、坚固,有些骨中空,可减轻 。胸骨上高耸的突起叫做 。附着在胸骨上的是全身最发达的 ,可提供飞行的动力。
43.新年联欢会上许多同学都积极参加了猜谜语活动,这些谜语都是关于动物的,请你也一起参加,看看你能猜出几个。(6分)
谜语1:不走光跳,吵吵闹闹,吃虫吃粮,功大过小。
谜语2:身体半球形,背上七颗星,棉花喜欢它,捕虫最著名。
谜语3:鸟儿当中数它小,针状嘴巴舌尖巧,身子只有野蜂大,飞行本领却很高。
谜语4:头上两根须,身穿花衣衫,飞进花朵里,传粉又吃蜜。
谜语5:会飞不是鸟,两翅没羽毛,白天休息晚活动,倒挂着睡觉。
(1)从下列选项中选出5个谜语的答案
(蝴蝶、七星瓢虫、麻雀、蝙蝠、蜂鸟)
谜语1是:
谜语2是:
谜语3是:
谜语4是:
谜语5是:
(2)这五种动物中,既不属于昆虫,也不属于鸟类的动物应该属于 动物(填所属类群)。
44.请将右图中序号所表示的结构名称写出:(7分)
① _____ ;
② ________ ;
③ ________ ;
④ ________ ;
⑤ _______ 。
脱臼是指_________从__________里滑脱出来。(填文字)
45.为伸肘时肌肉协作示意图,据图回答:(8分)
(1)伸肘时
[ ] 肌收缩,[ ] 舒张。
(2)该图说明一个动作的完成,至少需 组以上的肌群在 的支配下,相互配合,共同完成的;
(3)由图可见,一块骨骼肌的两端至少应附着在 根以上的骨上,附在骨上的部分叫 。
篇3:八年级人教版生物上学期期中试题带答案
(满分100分,考试形式为开卷,考试时间90分钟) 得分
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 B B A B C B C B A B
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 C A B C D D B B B C
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 C D C A B B B A B A
题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
答案 A A B C A A D D B A
41.(1) 头 、胸 、腹 。 (2) 3 , 2 。
(3) 外骨骼 , 体内水分 蒸发 。(4) ① 。
42.(1)a是 气管 ,b是 气囊 ,c是 肺 。
(2) 肺 , 气囊 。
(3) 流线型 , 阻力
(4) 翼 。
(5) 体重 , 龙骨突 , 胸肌 。
篇4:八年级生物上学期期中试题介绍
八年级生物上学期期中试题介绍
一、单项选择题:(每题只有一个正确答案,每小题1分,共20分)
1、生殖过程不需要水的植物是( )
A.地钱B.石松C.海带D.银杏
2、节肢动物和环节动物的共同特征是( )
A.具有外骨骼B.雌雄异体C.具有口器D.身体分节
3、在下列几种单细胞生物中,没有成形细胞核的是( )
A.衣藻B.草履虫C.酵母菌D.大肠杆菌
4、黄山是著名的旅游胜地,迎客松是一道绝世的风景,迎客松属于裸子植物,其不同于被子植物的特征是( )
A.种子裸露,无果皮包被B.种子外果皮较薄
C.受精过程脱离了水的限制D.体内有输导组织
5、下列关于病毒、细菌和真菌的描述中,正确的是( )
A.病毒不是由细胞构成的B.细菌和真菌自己制造有机物
C.细菌具有成形的细胞核D.真菌都是单细胞生物
6、苔藓植物和蕨类植物只适合生活在阴湿的陆地环境中,其主要原因是( )
A.体内无输导组织B.生殖过程离不开水
C.不能开花、结果D.植株矮小、没有真正的根、茎、叶
7、下列节肢动物中,都属于昆虫的一组是( )
A.蜜蜂、蝴蝶、蚂蚁B.蝗虫、蜘蛛、螳螂
C.蜻蜓、蜈蚣、蝎子D.苍蝇、蟋蟀、中华绒鳌蟹
8、将死亡的动物埋入地下一段时间后,尸体会逐渐消失,这是因为( )
A.尸体被溶于水中B.尸体被土壤颗粒吸收
C.尸体被腐生细菌分解了D.尸体被狗吃掉了
9、水绵、海带、衣藻、紫菜等植物,它们的共同特征是( )
A.都有根状体B.都有叶状体
C.都能固着生活在海底D.都能释放氧气
10、地球上出现最早的`脊椎动物是( )
A.古代的爬行类B.古代的两栖类C.古代的鱼类D.古代的鸟类
11、下列说法正确的是( )
A.在生物各类群之间,所处的共同分类单位越小,它们之间的相似程度则越小
B.在生物各类群之间,所处的共同分类单位越大,它们之间的亲缘关系则越大
C.在生物各类群之间,它们之间的相似程度越大,亲缘关系则越远
D.在生物各类群之间,它们之间的相似程度越大,亲缘关系则越近
12、国际生物多样性日的主题是“岛屿生物多样性”。生物多样性不包括( )
A.生物数量多样性B.物种多样性C.遗传多样性D.生态系统多样性
篇5:八年级英语上学期期中试题及答案
一、单项选择
1.There are people in the park on the National Day.
A one hundreds B. hundreds of C. hundred of D. one hundreds of
2. There are days in a week and Tuesday is day of the week.
A. seven, third B. seven, the third C. seventh, three D.the seventh, three
3. There is elephant on the grass . It is playing with a ball .
A.an B.a C.The D./
4. This is song I have told you about . Isn’t it beauti ful one ?
A. the the B. a a C .the the D a the
5. _____some students , the teacher entered the hall .
A. Following B. Followed C.Being followed D.Having followed
6 . My mother often tells me ____ the teacher in class .
A.listen B .listen to C .to listen D. to listen to
7.----Why do we eat vegetables every day ,Mum?
----______healthy,my dear .
A.To keep B.Keep C.Keeping D.Kept
8.In the library , you keep quiet .
A .may B. might C. must D. can
9.----Is Jake on duty today ?
----It be him , it’s his turn tomorrow .
A.mustn’t B.won’t C.can’t D.needn’t
10. ---- May I smoke here ?
----No, you . This is a no-smoking room
A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.couldn’t D.wouldn’t
11 ---- Where are you going this month ?
----We go to London , but we are not sure .
A.need B.must C.might D.will
12---Hurry up , the bus is coming .
---- Oh , no. We cross the street until the traffic lights turn green .
A..mustn’t B.may not C.needn’t D.have to
13.The sports meeting will be held in half an hour, but they haven’t got everything ready_____ .
A.ever B.already C.yet D.still
14.—Have you ever heard of this hero ?
—Yeah, he is a famous person now. He just appeared on TV last night and told us about his_____ experiences.
A.amazing B.usual C.active D.serious
15.Your brother isn’t so______ as usual. You should take him to see a doctor.
A.well B.better C.badly D.worse
三.阅读理解
A.
I live in a small town near Xing’an in Guilin. You can’t see it on the map of China, because it is too small. The air here is fresh. There are not many tall buildings in our town. The best building is our school. There are four hundred students and twenty-five teachers in our school. In the front of the school, there is a playground. I often play basketball with my classmates on it. There is a little garden behind our school. And we can grow beautiful flowers and plant trees in the garden. Next to the garden, there is an orange orchard(果园). You can hear birds singing everywhere. There is a river not far from our school. In summer, we usually go swimming with our teachers in it. We study Chinese, English, math and other subjects at school. The teachers are very nice. We love our school.
( )1. The writer lives _______.
A. in a small town B. in the city of Guilin
C. in a village D. in a tall building
( )2. There is_______ in the front of our school.
A. a river B. a tall building C. a playground D. a garden
( )3. The students often _______ in summer.
A. play basketball B. plant trees C. grow flowers D. go swimming
( )4. People can hear _______ singing here and there.
A. students B. birds C. cows D. teachers
( )5. What is the best title of the passage?
A. The garden B. A Small Town C. Our School D. The Best Building
B
Jim was a young man in his early twenties who was studying to be a carpenter(木匠). He was a good worker, honest and worthy of trust, so his boss was pleased w ith him. As he was such a likable man and easy to deal wi th, he was popular with his workmates, too. They also made fun of him a great deal but he never got angry with them and would only laugh.
But Jim's one great shortcoming(缺点) was that he could never tell a lie, no matter how hard he tried, not even a little one. In fact, he was so honest and shy that he would blush(脸红) even when he was telling the truth. He used to stand in front of the mirror and practise lying while looking himself in the eyes at the same time. But as soon as he saw his face starting to go red he had to look away.
One morning, however, he didn't like going to work because he had been to a party the night before and it hadn't ended till the early hours of the morning. And then the first time in his life he decided to take the day off. He rang his boss, pretending to be a woman. He spoke in a high voice. “Hello,” he said timidly. “I'm afraid Jim can't come to work today. He isn't feeling very well. ”Poor Jim was thankful that his boss couldn't see him just at that moment because his hands were trembling(发抖) and his face was bright red.
“Thank you for letting me know,” said Mr. Woods, his boss, and then just as he was about to hang up, he said, “ Just a moment, madam, who's speaking. ”
“Oh!”, Jim stammered(口吃), and going all out for making a voice (尽量装出…的嗓音) like a woman, he cried in a loud voice: “This is my landlady speaking!”
( )6. Jim was .
A.mid-aged B.a teenager C.over 25 D.between 20-25
( )7. His boss was_______ with him.
A. displeased B. not pleased C. satisfied D. unsatisfied
( )8. His workmates used to_______.
A. cheat him B. play with him C. play jokes on him D. beat him
( )9. Telling lies always made his face_______.
A. blue B. white C. red D. green
( )10. At the end of the story, poor Jim _______.
A. spilt(溢漏) the flaw B. caught the worm(蛀虫) like the early bird
C. shouldn't put all the eggs in one basket D. became a great talker
C.
An old lady in a plane had a blanket over her head and she did not want to take it off. The air hostess spoke to her, but the old lady said, “I have never been in a plane before, and I am frightened. I am going to keep this blanket over my head until we are back on the ground again!”
Then the captain came. He said, “Madam, I am the captain of this plane. The weather is fine, there are no clouds in the sky, and everything is going very well.” But she continued to hide.
So the captain turned and star ted to go back. Then the old lady looked out from under the blanket with one eye and said, “I am sorry, young man, but I don’t like planes and I am never going to fly again. But I’ll say one thing,” She continued kindly, “You and your wife keep your plane very clean!”
( )11.The old lady _________.
A.had been in a plane before B.was in a plane for her first time
C.didn’t like to travel on a train D.enjoyed keeping a blanket over her head
( )12.She kept the blanket over her head because _________.
A.she liked the blanket very much
B.she wanted to sleep
C.she was af raid of flying
D.she didn’t want to be interrupted(打扰 )
( )13.Which is TRUE according to the story?
A.The captain’s words made the old lady feel better.
B.The old lady was making fun with the captain.
C.The old lady was angry with the captain.
D.The old lady was still worried after hearing what the captain said.
( )14.The old lady said she would _________.
A.travel by plane from then on B.keep the plane clean
C.not take off the blanket D.not fly any more
( )15.The old lady thought that the air hostess and the captain _________.
A.were husband and wife B.were workmates
C.were good friends D.were strange people
D
As we know, there are differences between western culture and Chinese culture. We can see differences when we pay attention to the way words are used. Let’s look at the words about animals and plants. Most expressions in Chinese about the dog, for example, “a homeless dog”, “a mad dog”, “a running dog” and “a dog catching a mouse”, have negative meanings. But in western countries, dogs are thought to be honest and good friends of humans. In English, people use the dog to describe positive actions. For example, “you are a lucky dog” means you are a lucky person. And “every dog has its day” means each person has good luck sometimes. To describe a person’s serious illness, they say “sick as a dog”. The word “dog-tired” means very tired. However, Chinese love cats very much. But in western culture, “cat” is often used to describe a woman who is cruel(无情).
The rose is a symbol(标志)of love in both China and some western countries. People think the rose means love, peace, courage and friendship. And the rose is the national flower of England, America and many other countries.
The words about plants and animals are used in positive or negative ways in different cultures. We can learn about many differences in cultures by comparing how some words are used.
( )16.“Every dog has its day.” means “_______”.
A. Everybody in the world is lucky.
B. Each person lives his own way of life.
C. If one works hard, he’s sure to succeed.
D. Everybody has a time in life to be lucky.
( )17.The underlined word “negative” means ________ in Chinese.
A. 正面的 B. 负面的 C. 中性的 D. 有趣的
( )18.From the passage, we can infer(推断)that the word “copycat” is most likely to desc ribe a person who__________ in western countries.
A. likes following(效仿)others B. enjoys writing books
C. is good at copying notes D. loves drawing cats
( )19.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Words show differences in culture.
B. Chinese people prefer dogs to cats.
C. Western people think cats to be good friends.
D. Rose is the national flower of all western countries.
( )20.What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Negative or Positive
B. Different Countries Have Different Culture
C. Rose Means the Same in Chinese and English
D. What Dog and Cat Mean in English and Chinese
四.综合填空
A group of frogs were travelling through the forests, but unluckily two of them (1)f______ into a hole. The other frogs tried to help them. When they saw how (2) d______ the hole was, they cried to the two frogs that they could not be saved. The two frogs didn’t stop and tried (3) t______ best to jump up out of the hole. The other frogs (4) k_______ saying that the were sure to die. (5) F_______ , one of the two frogs, who heard what the other frogs were saying gave up. Then he fell down and (6) d_______.
The other frog, (7) h_______, continued to jump as hard as he could, and at last made it out. When he got out, the other frogs asked, “Didn’t you hear us?” The frog, who had a poor (8) h_____, explained, “I thought you were encouraging me all the time.”
The story gives us a (9) l______. There is power(力量) of life and death in the tongue. An (10) e________ word to those who are down can help them out while a discouraging word can kill them.
五.短文还原
The secrets of happiness
Most people want to be happy, but few know how to find happiness. Money and success do not bring lasting happiness. Happiness depends on ourselves. In other words, we make our own happiness. Here are a few suggestions to help you be happier.
1 . Too often, we spend so much time thinking about the future—for example, getting into college or getting a good job—that we fail to enjoy the present. You should enjoy life’s simple pleasures, such as reading a good book, listening to your favorite music, or spending time with close friends. 2 .
Another secret to leading a happy life is to be active and have hobbies where you forget your problems. Many people experience this dancing or playing a sport, such as skating or soccer. 3 .
Finally, many people find happiness in helping others. According to studies, people feel good when they volunteer their time to help others. 4 . You can help a friend with his or her lessons, go shopping to buy food for your family members, or simply help out around the house by washing the dishes.
A. You can forget about your problems, and only think about the activity.
B. If you want to feel happier, do something nice for someone.
C. The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life.
D. People who have several close friends live happier and healthier lives.
六.阅读表达
In England a woman fell down a stair. Panic(惊慌) followed---178 persons lost their lives. In Michigan a woman fell ill. There was a call for water. Someone thought it meant fire --- 71 were killed. In Oklahoma an old man’s hair caught fire --- 36 died.
What should you do to be out of danger?
1. As you sit in any crowd, pick out an exit which is not the one where most persons enter and plan to use if necessary.
2. If a rush stairs, do not get into it. Stay still. Let it pass. Then go to the exit you have chosen.
3. Do not cry out. Speak quietly. Act calmly.
4. Do not stop for your hat and coat unless they are at hand.
5. If there is smoke, crouch(蹲伏). (3) The best air is about three feet above the floor.
6. When you are outside the building, stay out. Many dead would be alive if they had not returned for something.
7. When you get out, move far from the door so that others can get out.
1. What should you do if you are in a crowd when panic starts? ______________________________
2. 文中划线单词的汉语意思是______________________________
3. 请把划线部分的句子翻译成汉语。____________________________
4. How many ways are mentioned to be out of danger? _____________________________
5. Give a title to the passage. ______________________________
七.书面表达
假如你是Han Mei, 下面是一封你的笔友Alice 给你发来的e-mail,请你根据e-mail 的内容给她写一封回信,与她交流看法,并帮她排忧解难。
提示词语:listen to, mother's love, care about, communicate with, get along with, smile
要求:1.语句通顺,书写工整;
2.可用所给提示词语,也可以适当发挥;3.词数在60-80左右
Dear H an Mei,
I'm afraid I've got a big problem recently. My mother talks too much to me. She always tells me, Be careful while crossing the street. Put on more clothes. Did you do a good job at school? and so on. I'm annoyed(烦恼). What shall I do?
Alice
篇6:八年级英语上学期期中试题及答案
BBABA DACCB CACAA
ACDBC DCCCA BCDDA DBAAB
fell, deep, their, kept Finally, died, however, hearing, lesson, encouraging)
CDAB
1. Stay still until the crowd has passed. 2. 出口 3. 最好的空气在地面以上大约3英尺处. 4. Seven\\7. 5. How to be out of danger. )
Dear Alice,
As a teenager, I met the same problem as you. But now I can get along better with my mother. Here are some ideas for you.
Your mother talks much, because she cares about you. Maybe it's not a good way, but it shows your mother's love. So I th ink you should listen to her. If your opinions are different from your mother's, you can communicate with her, and tell her what you are thinking about.
If your mother doesn't take your advice, just keep silent and give her a smile.
I hop e what I say here can help you a lot.
Han Mei
篇7:八年级上学期期中英语试题及答案
一、单项选择(20分)
( )1.This film is borning. ____ go to play football together?
A. Why don’t B. Why not to C. Why not you D. Why not
( ) 2.She can do everything¬¬ ____ cook.
A. beside B. but C. except D. and
( ) 3.Lao She is famous ____his play.
A. as B. for C. at D. with
( ) 4.This is ____useful photo.
A. a B .an C./ D .the
( ) 5.Mrs Brown____ them to ask questions ____ this.
A. like; likes B. likes; likes C. likes; like D. liked; liked
( ) 6.Welcome____our school.
A. at B. to C. of D. on
( ) 7.____happened to you last night?
A. How B. What C. When D. Where
( ) 8.Please remember ____off the light when you leave.
A .to turn B. turning C .turn D .turned
( ) 9.In the old days it was difficult for the poor ____a job.
A. find B. to find C. look D. to look for
( )10.The blue whale is____animal in the world.
A. largest B.t he largest C. larger D. the larger
( )11.Let me ____.Don’t make me____.
A. go; crying B .go; to cry C. going; crying D. go; cry
( )12. Is there _____ in the bag?
A. something new B. new something C. anything else D. else anything
( )13. How much does an iphone 4s _________ ?
A. spend B. cost C. pay D. pay for
( )14. The old man lives _______, but he doesn’t feel _______.
A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely
( )15. There is nothing interesting in the newspaper, ________?
A. isn’t there B. is there C. isn’t it D. is it
( )16. – Is this coat yours? I found it on the playground. –Yes. Thank you . And I must
________ my things well.
A. look after B. look for C. look at D. look like
( )17.The hall isn’t ____ to hold so many people.
A. small enough B enough small C. big enough D. enough big
( )18.Our teacher offered ____ us to the zoo.
A. to take B. take C. takes D. taking
( )19.The new words are important. Please write ___.
A. down it B. it down C. them down D. down them
( )20.Look, a little boy is sitting ___ a tree.
A. on B. in C. at D. off
二、完型填空(10分)
Food is very important. Everyone needs to __1__ well if he or she wants to have a strong body. Our minds also need a kind of food. This kind of food is __2__. We begin to get knowledge e ven __3__ we are very young. Small children are __4__ in everything around them. They learn __5__ while they are watching and listening. When they are getting older, they begin to __6__ story books, science books…, anything they like. When they find something new, they love to ask questions and __7__ to find out answers. What is the best __8__ to get knowledge? If we learn by ourselves, we will get __9__ knowledge. If we are __10__ getting answers from others and do not ask why, we will never learn well. When we study in the right way, we will learn more and understand better.
( ) 1. A. sleep B. read C. drink D. eat
( ) 2. A. sport B. exercise C. knowledge D. meat
( ) 3. A. until B. when C. after D. so
( ) 4. A. interested B. interesting C. weak D. better
( ) 5. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything
( ) 6. A. lend B. read C. learn D. write
( ) 7. A. try B. have C. refuse D. wait
( ) 8. A. place B. school C. way D. road
( ) 9. A. little B. few C. many D. the most
( ) 10. A. often B. always C. usually D. something
三、阅读理解(40分)
(A)
Do you need friends? I'm sure your answer is “Yes, of course. Everybody does!” You need friends when you play and when you work. If you have friends, you will feel happy. If you have no friends. you will feel lonely (寂寞的).
Do you know how to make friends? There is only one good way . You make friends by being friendly.
A friendly person is interested in other people. He is always helpful if you want to make friends with a new classmate, you can talk with him, tell him about the other classmates in your class and try your best to be helpful to him.
( )1. We need friends _____
A. because we must play with them B. Because we must work with them
C. when we play and when we work D. when we talk with them
( )2. If we want to make friends, we should _____.
A. be politely to them B. be friendly to them
C. be afraid of them D. when we talk with them
( )3. If we want to make friends with a new classmate, _____.
A. we can talk with them
B. we must try to help him
C. we can tell him about the other classmates in our class
D. A, B and C
( )4. A friendly person is _____ other people.
A. interested in B. worried about C. surprised at D. like them
( )5. Which of the following is true?
A. No one needs friends. B. Everyone needs friends.
C. Only classmates need friends. D. Someone needs friends.
(B)
Many people like to travel by plane, but I don’t like it because an airportis usually far from the city. You have to get there early and wait for hours for the plane to take off (起飞) and it is often late. You can’t open the window. You can’t choose the food. Planes are fast, but they still take hours to get out of the airport and into the city.
I like traveling by train. I think trains are safe .Railway stations(火车站) are usually in cities. When you can’t catch a train, you can catch another one. You can walk around in the train and open the windows. You can see many interesting things on your way. I know it takes a little more time.
I also like cars. You can start your journey (旅行) when you want to, and you don’t need to get to a railway station or a bus stop. Also you can carry many things with you in a car. But sometimes there are too many cars on the road.
( )6.Why do many people like to travel by plane?
A.Because it is fast.
B.Because you can walk around in the plane.
C.Because it is safe.
D.Because you can carry many things in a plane.
( ) 7.Which is not the good thing about the train?
A.It is safe. B.It takes a little more time.
C.You can open the windows. D.You can choose the food.
( ) 8.If you want to take a lot of things with you , what do you take to go out?
A.A bus. B.A car. C.A train. D.A ship.
( )9.What is the bad thing about the car?
A.You needn’t go to a station. B.You can start your journey when you want to.
C.There are too many cars on the road. D.You have to wait for a long time.
( )10.What does the writer think of the plane, train and car?
A.He likes to take a train because it takes a little more time.
B.He likes to take a car because he has a car.
C.He doesn’t like traveling by plane he can’t choose the food on the plane.
D.He thinks it takes a lot of time to go to and get out of the airport.
(C)
Have you ever been to Taiwan, China's biggest island? Do you want to pay a visit there?
We'll show you the best of Taiwan island. A four-day tour.
Price
Only ¥5,000
Including: Round-trip plane tickets between Beijing and Taiwan. Bus service around Taiwan.
Great tour guide service.
Places
▲ Sun Moon Lake
A beautiful lake. A small island. On one side of the island, the lake looks like the sun,
and on the other side it looks like the moon. That is why people call it the Sun Moon Lake.
▲ Ali Mountain
The nearest mountain around the Sun Moon Lake. A nice experience to have a party
with Gaoshan people. A wonderful place to see a very beautiful sunrise.
▲ People Lake
A great place for swimming, fishing, boating and eating delicious fruit and fresh fish.
▲ Gao Xiong
A great place to spend a full day shopping.
Book (预定) now
Office hours
Monday-Friday: 9:00 am-7:00 pm Saturday: 9:00 am-4:00 pm
Tel: 6459-9561
Book by phone now for next month.
( )11. The ad wants to _________.
A. invite more people to take the tour B. tell you something about Taiwan
C. describe how beautiful Taiwan is D. show you the best of Taiwan
( )12. If you go on a trip to Taiwan on September 5th, you will probably be back on _____.
A. September 7th B. September 8th C. September 10th D. September 11th
( )13. _________ is a good place for tourists to have a good time with Gaoshan people.
A. Sun Moon Lake B. Ali Mountain C. Peng Lake D. Gao Xiong
( )14. You will visit _________ tourist spots if you take the tour.
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
( )15. If you want to take the tour to Taiwan, you can book it by phone at _________.
A. 4:00 pm on Sunday B. 7:00am on Monday
C. 4:00pm on Wednesday D. 7:00 am on Saturday
(D)
A rich man and a poor tailor(裁缝) lived in the same house. The rich man lived upstairs and the poor tailor lived downstairs. The tailor liked to sing when he made(制作)clothes. But the rich man liked to sleep(睡觉)a lot.
One day, the rich man said, “Tailor, I will give you a big bag of money if(如果) you stop(停止) singing.” Fine.” Said the tailor. And so the tailor stropped singing and became rich. But after a few days, he became(变成) unhappy, because he wanted very much to sing again.
Then he gave all the money back to the rich man. He said, “Take your money, I can’t be happy if I can’t sing.” He went away singing. He sang and sang and he was happier than(比) before.
Answer the questions:
16. What were the differences(不同) between the rich man and tailor?
17. Why didn’t the rich man like the tailor’s singing?
18. What did the rich man do to the tailor from singing?
19. Why did the tailor give all the money back to the rich man?
20. How could the tailor take the money and go on singing at the same time?
四、用所给词适当形式填空(10分)
1.They __ _ (read) when their mother went back home.
2.It’s sad___ _(think) about all those animals in danger.
3.Which are__ __(cheap),the apples or the oranges?
4.__ __(million) of people are celebrating the New Year’s coming now.
5.Do you know who works__ __(hard),Jim, Tom or Bruce?
6.Many people decided__ __(not think) about the thing.
7.There__ __(be) an interesting film next Sunday. Will you go?
8.You must practice __ __(say) the English words.
9.The girls all played__ __(happy) in the zoo.
10.Do you want__ __(see) a film tonight?
五、补全对话(10分)
在下面的对话的空白处填上适当的话语(可以是句子、短语或词)使对话完整。
A: Can I help you? B: Yes, _1_____ ________.
A: What colour would you like? B: Blue.
A: _2____ __? This style is quite popular this year. I bet(希望) your wife will like it.
B: It looks very nice. _3_______ ______?
A: It’s 1088 yuan. B: Oh, that’s a little expensive for me._ 4____ _____?
A:Yes, we have some. But they are not as beautiful as this one.
_5_______ ______?
B: Maybe size L. I’m not sure.
A: Look at this dress. It’s only 688 yuan, and very beautiful. B: I’ll take it.
六、英汉互译。(20分)
1.我们终于赢得了那场比赛。
We won the match ____ ____.
2.他们决定乘船去山东。
They decided ____ ____ ____ ____ to Shandong.
3.山洞太黑了,艾莉丝什么也没看见。
The hole is ___ ___ for Alice ___ ___ ___.
4.你越练习慢跑,你就会越健康。
The ___ you go jogging ,___ ___ you will feel.
5.《你和我》是世界上最流行的歌曲之一。
You and me is one of ___ ___ ___ songs in the world.
6.到那里最舒服的方式是什么?
7.我们需要更好地保护他们。
8.Everyone in Britain knows the story.
9.He lives the farthest from school, so he takes the underground.
10.We all arrive as early as we can so that we have time to warm up.
篇8:八年级上学期期中英语试题及答案
一、1-5 DCBAC 6-10 BBABB 11-15 DCBAB 16-20 ACACB
二、1-5 DCBAB 6-10 BACDB
三、(A)CBDAB (B)ABBCD (C)ABBBC
(D)16.The rich man had money and the tailor had no money.
17.Because the rich man liked to sleep a lot.
18.The rich man gave the tailor a big bag of money.
19.Because he couldn’t be happy if he couldn’t sing
20.I don’t know.
四、1 were reading 2 to think 3 cheaper 4 Millions 5 hardest 6 not to think 7 will be 8 saying 9 happily 10 to see
篇9:八年级第二学期生物下期中试题带答案
八年级第二学期生物下期中试题
一.选择题(共40小题 每小题1分 满分40分 ,每小题只有一个答案符合题意)
1. 人的生命是从一个细胞开始的,这个细胞就是
A.生殖细胞 B.精子 C.卵细胞 D.受精卵
2.用洋葱鳞片叶表皮“制作并观察植物细胞临时装片”实验,显微镜中看到的物像是
A. B. C. D.
3.植物细胞具有而人和动物细胞不具有的结构是
①细胞壁 ②细胞膜 ③细胞质 ④细胞核 ⑤液泡 ⑥叶绿体 ⑦线粒体
A.①⑤⑥ B.②③④⑦ C.①②③ ④ D.①②⑤⑥⑦
4.如图表示细胞发生的一系列变化过程,有关分析正确的是
A.过程①中,液泡数量逐渐增加 B.过程②中,细胞质首先分成两份
C.过程③后,细胞分化形成组织 D.过程②中, 产生的新细胞染色体数目减少
5.下列属于有性生殖的是
A.人工种子 B.试管婴儿 C.克隆 D.组织培养
6.馒头中的淀粉必须经过消化才能被吸收。人体内参与淀粉消化的消化液有
A.胃液 胆汁 胰液 B.唾液 肠液 胰液 C.胆汁 肠液 胰液 D.唾液 胃液 肠液
7.青少年要多吃一些奶、蛋、鱼、肉,是因为人的生长发育组织更新都离不开
A.糖类 B.脂肪 C.蛋白质 D.水
8.下列关于人体消化的叙述,正确的是
A.口腔是消化淀粉最主要的场所 B.胃液可初步消化蛋白质、脂肪
C.胆汁中不含消化酶,对食物消化不起作用
D.肠液和胰液中都含有消化糖类、蛋白质和脂肪的酶
9.人体血液的组成是
A.血清和血细胞 B.血浆和血细胞 C.红细胞和白细胞 D.红细胞和血小板
10.心脏壁最厚的腔和与之相连的血管分别是
A.左心室 主动脉 B.右心室 肺动脉 C.右心室 主动脉 D.左心室 肺动脉
11.小王的手指不慎划破出血,血液中与止血和避免发炎有关的成分分别是
A.血小板、血浆 B.血小板、白细胞 C.红细胞、血浆 D.白细胞、血浆
12.下图为心脏结构示意图,有关叙述错误的是
A.①的管壁厚,弹性大,内流动脉血
B.⑤的心壁最厚,将血液输送到全身各处
C.心脏四个腔内血流方向为:⑦ 流至⑨, ④流至⑤
D.⑦左心房 收缩,房室瓣打开,血液流向⑨
13.尿的形成过程中,既能随血浆滤过到原尿,又能全部被重吸收回血液的物质是
A.水 B.大分子蛋白质 C.无机盐 D.葡萄糖
14.下列关于泌尿系统中结构与功能的对应关系正确的是
A.肾小球-重吸收作用 B.肾小管-滤过作用 C.尿道-排出尿液 D.膀胱-输送尿液
15.在肾小球、肾小囊和肾小管中的液体分别是
A.原尿、动脉血、尿液 B.动脉血、原尿、尿液
C.静脉血、原尿、尿液 D.动脉血、尿液、原尿
16. 如图所示“验证绿叶在光下合成淀粉”实验操作的正确顺序是
A.②④①③⑤ B.⑤③④①② C.①④②③⑤ D.④①②⑤③
17.栽花或种庄稼都需要及时松土 ,目的是促进根的
A.蒸腾作用 B.吸收作用 C.光合作用 D.呼吸作用
18.人们在清晨刚进入种植蔬菜的密闭大棚内时,会感到气闷,主要原因是
A.蔬菜的呼吸作用使温度降低 B.蔬菜的呼吸作用消耗了氧气
C.蔬菜的光合作用制造了氧气 D .人体呼出气体中含有二氧化碳
19.被子植物形成果实和种子必须完成的两个重要生理过程是( )
A.开花和传粉 B.开花和受精 C.传粉和受精 D.受精和凋落
20.菜豆种子和玉米种子中的营养物质分别储存在
A.子叶、子叶 B.子叶、胚乳 C.胚乳、子叶 D.胚乳、胚乳
21.种子萌发需要一定的自身条件和环境条件,种子萌发所需的环境条件是
①一定的水分 ②阳光 ③适宜的温度 ④充足的空气 ⑤营养物质
A.①②④ B.①③④ C.①②⑤ D.②③
22. 图是菜豆发育过程中的相关结构,以下叙述正确的是
A.菜豆种子的胚由甲图中的①②③组成 B.乙图中的a是由甲图中的③发育成的
C.丙图中的A和B是吸水的主要部位 D.乙图中的b是由甲图中的②发育成的
23.当你注视同学时,看到同学眼球的白色部分与黑色部分分别是
A. 巩膜 角膜 B.巩膜 晶状体 C.巩膜 虹膜 D.晶状体 虹膜
24.在视觉的形成过程中,物像和视觉的形成部位分别是
A.视网膜、大脑 B.大脑、视网膜 C.视网膜、视神经 D.视神经、大脑
25.关于“红灯停,绿灯行”反射活动的 叙述,错误的是
A.该反射属于条件反射 B.完成该反射的结构基础是反射弧
C.将光线转变为神经冲动的是晶状体 D.该反射活动需在大脑皮层参与下完成
26.神经系统结构和功能的基本单位是
A.神经元 B.神经末梢 C.神经纤维 D.神经中枢
27.下列反射活动中,属于条件反射的是
A.膝跳反应 B.望梅止渴 C.眨眼反射 D.缩手反射
28.“千里之堤,溃于蚁穴”的生物学意义是
A.环境影响生物 B.生物影响环境 C.生物适应环境 D.生物与环境相互依赖
29.下列有关生态系统的叙述错误的是
A.生态系统一般都由非生物成分和生物成分组 成
B.太阳能是所有生物生命活动能量的最终来源
C.“阳光→草→鼠→狐”可称为一条完整的食物链
D.大气中的碳通过光合作用进入绿色植物体内
30.下列属于相对性 状的是
A.兔的白毛和粗毛 B.人的有耳垂和无耳垂
C .豌豆的高茎和圆粒 D.苹果的红果和番茄的黄果
31.双眼皮(A)对单眼皮(a)为显性,父母都是双眼皮,生了一个单眼皮的孩子。
母亲和孩子的基因组成分别为
A.Aa aa B.AA aa C.AA Aa D.Aa Aa
32.下列人体的细胞中一定含有Y染色体的是
A.男性的神经细胞 B.精子 C.男性成熟的红细胞 D.卵细胞
33.下列变异不能遗传的是
A.玉米中出现白化苗 B.高茎豌豆的后代出现矮茎个体
C.色觉正常的夫妇生下色盲儿子 D.干旱环境中水稻结出的种子比较小
34.新生儿注射乙肝疫苗后,体内产生的特殊蛋白质及所属的免疫类型分别是
A.抗体,特异性免疫 B.抗体,非特异性免疫
C.抗原,特异性免疫 D.抗原,非特异性免疫
35.接种疫苗后人体内产生抗体提高了免疫力.下列哪类疾病可以通过接种疫苗来预防
A. 贫血 B. 糖尿病 C 乙型肝炎 D 心脏病
36.生物实验中,常用光学显微镜来观察微小结构,能调节光线强弱的结构是
A. 反光镜和遮光器 B.反光镜和目镜 C.遮光器和物镜 D.目镜和物镜
37.用显微镜观察洋葱表皮细胞时,下列哪组镜头下看到的细胞数目最多
A.物镜10× 目镜5× B.物镜40× 目镜10×
C.物镜10× 目镜16× D.物镜40× 目镜16×
38.用显微镜观察装片时,下列操作正确的是
A.对光时,将低倍物镜对准通光孔 B.先用高倍镜,后用低倍镜观察
C.移动装片可确定污物在物镜上 D.使用高倍镜时,用粗准焦螺旋调节
39.下列有关生产实践的说法,错误的是
A.合理密植可提高光合作用的效率
B.夜间适当降低温度可减少有机物的消耗
C.堆放的水稻种子发热是由种子发霉导致
D.移栽植物时剪去部分枝叶目的是降低蒸腾作用
40.下列对长颈鹿“长颈”的叙述不符合生物进化理论的是
A.“长颈”性状是可遗传的 B.是遗传物质的变化产生的
C.是长期伸长颈吃高处的树叶而 形成的 D.是自然选择的结果
二.判断题(共10小题 每小题1分 共10分 正确的为 A 错误的为 B )
41.肌肉注射的青霉素最先到达心脏的左心房 ,而吸入雾霾中的有害物质最先到达
心脏的右心房
42.呼吸道不仅保证了气体的畅通,还使到达肺部的气体变得清洁、温暖和湿润 .
43.某成年人有表演天赋,但个子矮小,可能是幼年时缺乏甲状腺激素导致的侏儒症 .
依据下图的四个实验装置,判断4--7题的正确与错误
44. 甲装置可以用来探究植物的光合作用
45. 乙装置验证植物的呼吸作用产生的气体是二氧化碳
46. 丙装置所示实验,a和b形成一组对照实验,其变量是叶片
47. 丁装置可以用来收集光合作用产生的氧气
甲 乙 丙 丁
48.构成人体细胞的基本物质和供给生命活动能量的主要物质分别是蛋白质和糖类
49.在果树开花季节,有经验的果农会在果园里放养大量的蜜蜂,目的促进果实的成熟
50.大气中的碳-氧能保持平衡状态,是因为自然界中产生氧气的途径有多种, 产生二氧化碳的途径只有动物的呼吸作用。
试卷答案
一.选择题(共40小题 每小题1分 满分40分 ,每小题只有一个答案符合题意)
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 D C A C B B C D B A
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 B D D C B D D B C B
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 B D C A C A B B C B
题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
答案 A A D A C A A A C C
二.判断题(共10小题 每小题1分 共10分 正确的为 A 错误的为 B )
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 B A B B A B A A B B
篇10:八年级语文上学期期中试题
北师大版八年级语文上学期期中试题
一、(24分)积累与运用
1.( 2分)下列各组词语中,加点字的注音有错误的一组是
A.混沌(dùn) 无餍(yàn) 攫来(jué) 如法炮制(páo)
B.消翳(yì) 羸马(léi) 冻馁(něi) 汗流浃背(jiā)
C.不啻(chì) 干瘪(biě) 颟顸(hān) 玲珑剔透(tī)
D.掠取(lüè) 嵯峨(cuó) 横亘(gèng) 未雨绸缪(moú)
2.(2分)下列 各组词语中,无错别字的一组是( )
A.一碧万顷 霓裳羽衣 莫明其妙 分道扬镳
B.陈腔滥调 坐无虚席 欺世盗名 振耳欲聋
C.回光返照 惊魂慑魄 潜心入腑 刻骨铭心
D.星罗祺布 喋喋不休 神工鬼斧 夜以继日
3.(2分)下列句中加点的成语运用不当的 一项是
A. 这些斑驳陆离的古铜器的出土,将大大有利于我们对春秋时期历史的研究。
B. 看到黄山的奇妙景色,我真的感叹大自然的鬼斧神工。
C. 看到地震后灾区土崩瓦解的镜头,真是令人触目惊心。
D. 自习课上,个别同学经常说笑、打闹,对这种倒行逆施的行为,大家都很气愤。
4.(2分)下面句子表述不正确的一项是
A.《泰山日出》选自《巴黎的鳞爪》,作者徐志摩,文章通过对泰山日出诗化的想象,展现了对古老的东方文明的倾情歌颂,借以表明自己对理想的追求和对光明的渴望。
B.《日历》是当代作家冯骥才的一篇散文,文章通篇以记叙和抒情为主,通过“日历”这个具体的事物来谈时间和生命,告诉我们要珍惜时间,珍爱生命,创造生活每一天。
C.《蚂蚁》作者南帆,本文通过写一只蚂蚁在“我”的注视下爬上书桌,发现一粒饼干屑并把它运走的过程,表达了作者对弱小者的怜悯,对自足于眼前幸福的反思,对无法主宰自己命运的无奈和对人生意义的冷静思考。
D.《黄果树瀑布》的作者是当代诗人朱自清,这篇游记散文采用了先扬后抑和移步换景的写法把黄果树瀑布的美完全展现出来,同时写出了自己用生命获得的真切体验。
5. (2分)下列句子使用的修 辞手法判断不正确的一项是
A.一眨眼工夫,我看见飞机的翅膀红了,窗玻璃红了,机舱座里每一个酣睡者的面孔红了。(排比)
B.这只蚂蚁在桌面上发现了我丢下的一粒饼干屑,它惊 奇地停了下来,快乐得就要晕过去了。(拟人、夸张)
C.我喜欢用日历,而不喜欢用月历,为什么?(设问)
D.这里是瀑布的声带,唯一的发言者是瀑布。(比喻)
口语与交际。阅读下面文字,完成6—7题。
目前,全国上下都在大力开展“全民阅读”活动,为此,你们班将于下周举办“《朝花夕拾》我来讲”读书交流会,请你结合《朝花夕拾》一书的内容,为本次读书交流会设计一段开场白(不超过80字),并为本次活动拟写两条宣传标语。
6.(4分)开场白:
7.(2分)宣传标语:
8.(每空1分,共8分)默写填空。
⑴玫瑰汁,葡萄浆, , ,霜枫叶——大量的染工,在层累的云底工作。(《泰山日出》)
⑵不信,请看那朵流星, 。(《天上的街市》)
⑶杨柳尚未抽条, ,临水坐枯柳下小饮。(《游高梁桥记》)
⑷稍近,则隐隐露白, , 。(《白洋潮》)
⑸写出两句关于时间或生命的格言、警句: 。
二、(16分)比较阅读“瀑、潭、桥”组文,完成9—13题
【甲】
望庐山瀑布 李白
日照香炉生紫烟,遥看瀑布挂前川。
飞流直下三千尺,疑是银河落九天。
【乙】
小石潭记(节选) 柳宗元
从小丘西行百二十步,隔篁竹,闻水声,如鸣佩环,心乐之。伐竹取道,下见小潭,水尤清冽。全石以为底,近岸,卷石底以出,为坻,为屿,为嵁,为岩。青树翠蔓,蒙络摇缀,参差披拂。
潭中鱼可百许头,皆若空游无所依。日光下澈,影布石上,佁然不动;俶尔远逝,往来翕忽。似与游者相乐。
潭西南而望,斗折蛇行,明灭可见。其岸势犬牙差互 ,不可知其源。
坐潭上,四面竹树环合,寂寥无人,凄神寒骨,悄怆幽邃。以其境过清,不可久居,乃记之而去。
【丙】
游高梁桥记(节选) 袁宏道
三月一日,偕王生章甫、僧寂子出游。时柳梢新翠,山色微岚,水与堤平,丝管夹岸。趺坐古根上,茗饮以为酒,浪纹树影以为侑,鱼鸟之飞沉,人物之往来,以为戏具。堤上游人,见三人枯坐树下若痴禅者,皆相视以为笑,而余等亦窃谓彼筵中人,喧嚣怒诟,山情水意,了不相属,于乐何有也?少顷,遇同年黄昭质拜客出,呼而下,与之语,步至极乐寺观梅花而返。
9.(3分)解释加点的词。
①伐竹取道,下见小潭
②潭中鱼可百许头,皆若空游无所依。
③潭西南而望,斗折蛇行,明灭可见。
10.(4分)用现代汉语写出下面句子的意思。
①俶尔远逝,往来翕忽。似与游者相乐。
②呼而下,与之语,步至极乐寺观梅花而返。
11.(3分)仿照下面示例,请赏析【乙】文“日光下澈,影布石上,佁然不动”中“鱼影”的侧面描写的妙处。
示例:【丙】文中“浪纹树影以为侑……”,不直接写春游之乐,而是从“树影”等景物的可人温馨来侧面烘托,尤其是赋予“树影”以人的性情,成了劝食劝酒的人,起到了情景交融、意趣盎然的艺术效果。
我的赏析:【乙】文中
12.(3分)按要求,任选一题作答。
①请从修辞的角度,简析【甲】 诗划线句子的写景之妙。
②请从听觉的角度,简析【乙】文划线句子的写景之妙。
③请从炼字的角度,简析【丙】文划线句子的写景之妙。
我选择第 题,简析:
13.(3分)袁宏道对“堤上游人”发出了“山情水意,了不相属”的遗憾;那么,面对大自然的山水美景,三诗文作者的“山情水意”又分别是什么呢?请用简洁的语言加以概括。
【甲】文:
【乙】文:
【丙】文:
三、(15分) 比较阅读“日、水、云”组文,完成14—17题
【甲】
泰山日出(节选) 刘白羽
①登高山看日出,这是从幼小时起,就对我富有魅力的一件事。
②落日有落日的妙处,古代诗人在这方面留下不少优美的诗句,如象“大漠孤烟直,长河落日圆”“落日照大旗,马鸣风萧萧”,可是再好,总不免有萧瑟之感。不如攀上奇峰陡壁,或是站在大海岩头,面对 着弥漫的云天,在一瞬时间内,观察那伟大诞生的景象,看火、热、生命、光明怎样一起来到人间。但很长很长时间,我却没有机缘看日出,而只能从书本上去欣 赏。
③海涅曾记叙从布罗肯高峰看日出的情景:
我们一言不语地观看,那绯红的小球在天边升起,一片冬意朦胧的光照扩展开了,群山象是浮在一片白浪的海中,只有山尖分明 突出,使人以为是站在一座小山丘上。在洪水泛滥的平原中间,只是这里或那里露出来一块块干的土壤。
④善于观察大自然风貌的屠格涅夫,对于日出,却作过精辟的描绘:
……朝阳初升时,并未卷起一天火云,它的四周是一片浅玫瑰色的晨曦。太阳,并不厉害,不象在令人窒息的干旱的日子里那么炽热,也不是在暴风雨之前的那种暗紫色,却带着一种明亮而柔和的光芒,从一片狭长的云层后面隐隐地浮起来,露了露面,然后就又躲进它周围淡淡的紫雾里去了。在舒展着云层的最高处的.两边闪烁得有如一条条发亮的小蛇;亮得象擦得耀眼的银器。可是,瞧!那跳跃的光柱又向前移动了,带着一种肃穆的欢悦,向上飞似的拥出了一轮朝日。……
⑤可是,太阳的初升,正如生活中的新事物一样,在它最初萌芽的瞬息,却不易被人看到。看到它,要登得高,望得远,要有一种敏锐的视觉。从我个人的经历来说,看日出的机会,曾经好几次降临到我的头上,而且眼看就要实现了。
⑥一次是在印度。我们从德里经孟买、海德拉巴、帮格罗、科钦,到翠泛顿。然后沿着椰林密布的道路,乘三小时汽车,到了印度最南端的科摩林海角。这是出名的看日出的胜地。因为从这里到南极,就是一望无际的、碧绿的海洋,中间再没有一片陆地。因此这海角成为迎接太阳的第一位使者。人们不难想象,那雄浑的天穹,苍茫的大海,从黎明前的沉沉暗夜里升起第一线曙光,燃起第一支火炬,这该是何等壮观。我们到这里来就是为了看日出。可是听了一夜海涛,凌晨起来,一层灰蒙蒙的云雾却遮住了东方。这时,拂拂的海风吹着我们的衣襟,一卷一卷浪花拍到我们的脚下,发出柔和的音响,好象在为我们惋惜。
⑦还有一次是登黄山。这里也确实是一个看日出的优胜之地。因为黄山狮子林,峰顶高峻。可惜人们没有那么好的目力,否则从这儿俯瞰江、浙,一直到海上,当是历历可数。这种地势,只要看看黄山泉水,怎样象一条无羁的白龙,直泄新安江、富春江,而经钱塘入海,就很显然了。我到了黄山,开始登山时,鸟语花香,天气晴朗,收听气象广播,也说二三日内无变化,谁知结果却逢到了徐霞客一样的遭遇:“深雾弥漫,抵狮子林,风愈大,雾愈厚……雨大至……”只听了一夜风场雨声,至于日出当然没有看成。
⑧但是,我却看到了一次最雄伟、最瑰丽的日出景象。……
【乙】
绿(节选) 朱自清
瀑布在襟袖之间;但我的心中已没有瀑布了。我的心随潭水的绿而摇荡。那醉人的绿呀,仿佛一张极大极大的荷叶铺着,满是奇异的绿呀。我想张开两臂抱住她;但这是怎样一个妄想呀。--站在水边,望到那面,居然觉着有些远呢!这平铺着,厚积着的绿,着实可爱。她松松的皱缬着,像少妇拖着的裙幅;她轻轻的摆弄着,像跳动的初恋的处女的心;她滑滑的明亮着,像涂了“明”一般,有鸡蛋清那样软,那样嫩,令人想着所曾触过的最嫩的皮肤;她又不杂些儿尘滓,宛然一块温润的碧玉,只清清的一色--但你却看不透她!我曾见过北京什刹海拂地的绿杨,脱不了鹅黄的底子,似乎太淡了。我又曾见过杭州虎跑寺近旁高峻而深密的“绿壁”,重叠着无穷的碧草与绿叶的,那又似乎太浓了。其余呢,西湖的波太明了,秦淮河的又太暗了。可爱的,我将什么来比拟你呢?我怎么比拟得出呢?大约潭是很深的、故能蕴蓄着这样奇异的绿;仿佛蔚蓝的天融了一块在里面似的,这才这般的鲜润呀。--那醉人的绿呀!我若能裁你以为带,我将赠给那轻盈的舞女;她必能临风飘举了。我若能挹你以为眼,我将赠给那善歌的盲妹;她必明眸善睐了。
【丙】
云海(节选) 唐敏
云是天空的吉普赛人,它们一群群来去匆匆。偶尔有走错路的一团云,慌慌张张一头撞到山上。“轰”地一下,胖乎乎的云变成晕头晕脑的丝缕状,随后拖长了身体,又瘦又薄地从山头上漫过。好不容易脱身出来,巨大的身躯已经损失了许多,万分懊悔地向远方溜走。
这样有趣的云总是常常见到的,但是把整个大地盖住的“茫茫云海”却不是常见到的。有云海的日子便成为节日。
到纯白的云海中去洗澡那是十分有趣的。云海汩汩地围着山头,大有海中孤岛的虚幻感。从房屋走出来不远,双脚就踏进了云海。弯下身去用纯白的云潮来洗手洗脚,又走到云潮没胸处做双臂划水的动作。有人在潜水,脑袋一忽而这,一忽而那地冒出来。有人只在云海上露出两只手不停地乱招,笑声从云海里传上来:
14.(4分)【甲】文题目为“泰山日出”,而②—⑦段却笔锋一转,写了“落日”“海涅的日出”“屠格涅夫的日出”“印度的日出”和“黄山的日出”,到第⑧段才回笔写“泰山日出”。请从衬托的角度,赏析作者这样安排文章的用意。
15.(4分)请从表达方式的角度,谈谈【乙】选文的感情为什么显得更加强烈?
16.(4分)请从拟人手法的角度,赏析【丙】选文第一段的语言之美。
17.(3分)唐敏说“没有当年的心情,云很难那么潜心入腑地感动我。”比较三选文,谈谈作者特别的心情怎样影响作者的感觉。
四、(15分) 阅读散文《都市精灵》,完成18—21题
都市精灵
舒乙
⑴我工作的地方以前是清朝太后的行宫,里面有一个古树参天的大院子,幽雅得很。由于游人稀少,常有鸟儿飞来栖息,最多的是喜鹊和灰喜鹊。喜鹊多是成双成对,而灰喜鹊则成帮成伙,一来就是一大群,它们高高地在树枝上跳来跳去,飞来飞去,叫来叫去,非常活跃,为这座学府式的大庭院带来了一派 生机和欢快。我常常带领国内外参观者丫在树下指着嬉戏的鸟儿们,说:“瞧,这是我们的一景!”
⑵碰巧了,还能看见一只小松鼠。在北京,在喧闹繁忙的三环路旁边,居然有野生的小松鼠,简直是奇迹。它是打哪儿来的呢?太奇怪了。我常常感叹生物界生命力之顽强,于是我又又常常说:“现代文学馆还有一宝,一只小松鼠。“听者无不惊讶,点头称赞,都觉得小松鼠长在北京城里真不容易。
⑶其实,仔细观察,能发现,一年四季,有许多品种的鸟会轮流光顾我们这个大院子,不过多半只是一只或一双;它们中有啄木鸟、百灵鸟、小黄雀、黄鹂,还有一种体型特别小巧的鸟只及小麻雀的一半大,歌可是唱得很好听。一听见它歌唱,我会立刻扔下笔,跑到院中去看它,听它那动人的鸣叫,以为是难逢的幸事。
⑷冬天,在院中,在很高很高的枯枝上,常蹲着一对硕大的乌鸦,连大嘴都是漆黑的。它们并不叫,呆呆地蹲着,居高临下地瞧着这忙碌的大城市,像两个孤独而寂寞的旁观者。
⑸现在,在北京,连乌鸦都久违了。几十年前,我小的时候,老鸹是北京一景。清晨,成群飞向城外,在乡下地里觅食;黄昏,成群飞回城里,在城里类似万寿寺这种多树少人的深宫大院里过夜。数量之多,达到遮天的地步,一飞就是乌压压一大片,总有几百上千只,叫着闹着,给清冷的天际增添了一点无序的伴奏。它们很准时,人们按着它们飞出飞进的钟点劳作休息,倒真能起到生物钟的作用。我常为现在我院中的那两只大呆鸟感到难过,它们似乎已经没有了日升飞出日落飞回的习惯,大白天都蹲在城里无所事事,而且也不敢肆无忌惮地大叫,老鸹不老呱了,怪可怜的。
⑹其实,每座城市都有每座城市钟爱的小动物,而且形成传统,是它的一种标志和象征。
⑺以鸟 来说,麻雀、老鸹、燕子,是北京的最大众化的鸟类,多少年来,它们都陪伴着北京人生活,是北京人生活中不可缺少的空中伙伴。如今,老鸹和燕子在北京已经很稀有了,麻雀经过大围剿也元气大伤,都构不成北京的景致了,实在是非常的可惜。
⑻我很羡慕春城昆明,近年来那里每年春节前后都有成千上万只红嘴鸥由西伯利亚飞来过冬,成了昆明人的一大骄傲,年年都有电视报道。
⑼我佩服上海人,他们开始在城市广场上放养鸽子,绿草地上漫步着白白胖胖的大鸽子,小孩子们伸着小胖手给大鸽子喂食,多可爱!
⑽世界上许多著名的现代大都市都有自己的都市动物,从这 个意义上说,美国的许多城市可以称得上是小松鼠王国,或者野鸭子王国,或者鹿的王国。旧金山是最有代表性的,简直是个海兽鸟城。在它最繁华的渔人码头旁,居然卧着上百头野生的大海狮,旁若无人地打斗、游戏、抢地盘,引来无数游人驻足观赏。海滨饭馆都把临海的座位当成一等雅座来招待顾客,甚至搭起高高的木板大看台,可以登高检阅。靠近金门大桥则有一处观海鸟的胜地,太平洋海湾中有三个小岩石孤岛,栖息着上万只大嘴鹈鹕、鱼鹰、海鸥。只要鱼群一到,这上万只大海鸟便一起腾空,作低空滑翔,然后,一抿翅膀,像炸 弹一样,射入水中,百发百中,钻出水面时,嘴中必有活蹦鲜灵的鱼。这个地方每逢节假日,能引来成千上万的孩子和他们的家长,他们一看就是好几个钟点。看海兽,看海鸟,便成了旧金山人的传统节目和一大享受,位置排得很靠前,和上博物馆有着差不多同等的崇高地位。
⑾从历史发展的角度看,任何一个原始城市必然有鸟有鱼有兽,因为同在一个蓝天之下,同饮一江水,共同生长在一块土地之上;只是,由于人类的霸道和生存环境的不断恶化,鸟、鱼、兽渐渐退避三舍或渐渐灭绝。这么看来,城市里无鸟无鱼未必是好事。换句话说,城市里有没有鸟、鱼、兽,倒是一个不错的衡量标准,首先是衡量人类意识的自觉程度,其次是衡量生活环境质量的优劣程度。
⑿如此说来,“孤城寡人”并不正常,虽然,已经司空见惯了,习以为常了,倒是“与狼共舞”这个漂亮而荒诞的词组更具有现代意识。
18.(4分)“托物言志”是诗文常用的表现手法,本文借“都市精灵”表达了作者怎样的思想感情?
19.(4分)请结合上下文内容,具体谈谈第⑹段的作用。
20.(4分)⑾⑿段主要运用了哪种表达方式?有什么作用?
21.(3分)读完此文,你是愿意做“孤城寡人”,还是喜欢“与狼共舞”?请结合文意,谈谈你的感慨。
五、写作(50分)
22. 阅读下面文字,按要求作文。
在《都市精灵》一文中,舒乙说“每座城市都有每座城市钟爱的小动物,而且形成传统,是它的一种标志和象征。”其实,家乡的一花一草,一物一事,也都是标志和象征,珍藏着我们美好的梦想,让我们时时由衷地怀恋追寻……
请以“家乡,一个寻梦的地方”为标题,写一篇不少于600字的文章。
温馨提示:
①尝试运用记叙、描写、议论、抒情相结合的写法。
②字体美观,书面整洁。
③作文中不得出现真实的人名、地名和校名。
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