这次小编在这里给大家整理了different的反义词，本文共4篇，供大家阅读参考。
篇1：different的反义词
一、【反义词】
1.不同的;个别的
similarsame
其他释义：equivalentsimilarsameidenticalalike
二、【基本解释】
adj.不同的;各式各样的;个别的;不平常
三、【短语词组】
different strokes for different folks
1.(谚)萝卜青菜，各有所爱
四、【造句】
1.It gives us a different status around the world.
它让我们在全球获得了与众不同的地位。
2.But here there is a different problem.
但是这里存在另外一个问题。
3.And they are very different men.
他们也是完全不同的人。
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4.But an abortion seems different.
但堕胎似乎有所不同。
5.Mao zedong and his comrades were no different.
毛泽东和他的同志们也毫无两样。
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篇2：different的反义词
1、same adj. 同样的，一样的。
2、similar adj. 类似的。指两者之间部分或大部分相似，常用作表语或定语。
3、uniform adj. 一致的；统一的。在句中可用作定语或表语，用作表语时，常接in引起的短语。
different的同义词
different、diverse、various等词都有“不同的”的意思，具体用法如下：
1、different adj. 不同的，不一样的'。强调事物之间的区别，侧重对比，常与介词 from 连用。
2、diverse adj. 各种各样的，不同的。语气较强，强调性质或种类不同，侧重表示区别显著。
3、various adj. 各种各样的，各种不同的。强调种类不同，通常作定语。
篇3：The Similar And Different Regulation
The Similar And Different Regulations On Indu
The Similar And Different RegulationsOn Industrial Designs
Between China And Canada
He Zijing
Abstract:
With China entering WTO, more and more Chinese industrial designers want to apply internationally to register their designs outside China. This paper shows you the detailed comparison about regulations concerning industrial designs between China and Canada, gives some suggestions about the process to register internationally to protect Chinese applier. Some hints imposed on the difference between the two countries will help to improve our patent law.
KEYWORDS:
Industrial design, China, Canada
1. General introduction on industrial designs
1.1 What is an industrial design?
1.1.1 Of WIPO
An industrial design is the ornamental of aesthetic aspect of an article. The design may consist of three-dimensional features, such as the shape or surface of an article, or of two-dimensional features, such as patterns, lines or color. Industrial designs are applied to a wide variety of products of industry and handicraft. To be protected under most national laws, an industrial design must appeal to the eye. This means that an industrial design is primarily of an aesthetic nature, and does not protect any technical features of the article to which it is applied.
1.1.2 Of CHINA
Design in the Patent Law means any new design of the shape, the pattern or their combination, or the combination of the color with shape or pattern, of a product with creates an aesthetic feeling and it fits for industrial application.
1.1.3 Of CANADA
Design of industrial design means features of shape, configuration, pattern or ornament and any combination of those features that, in a finished article, appeal to and are judged solely by the eye.
1.2 Other forms of Intellectual Property
In China, Intellectual property can be generally classified as patent, copyright, trademark. Patents, or in other words, inventions-creations, mean inventions, utility models and designs. So that the designs are one of the subdivisions of patents.
Whereas, in Canada, in addition to industrial designs, there other forms of intellectual property, as patents, copyrights, and integrated circuit topographies. Hereby, patents cover new inventions (process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter), or any new and useful improvement of an existing invention. So that industrial designs have the equal statues to patents, as one of the subdivisions of intellectual property.
1.3 Why protect industrial designs?
Industrial designs are what make an article attractive and appealing; hence, they add to the commercial value of a product and increase its marketability.
When an industrial design is protected, the owner-the person or entity that has registered the design-is assured an exclusive right against unauthorized copying or imitation of the design by third parties. This helps to ensure a fair return on investment. An effective system of protection also benefits consumers and the public at large, by promoting fair competition and honest trade practices, encouraging creativity, and promoting more aesthetically attractive product.
Protecting industrial designs helps economic development, by encouraging creativity in the industrial and manufacturing sectors, as well as in the traditional arts and crafts. They contribute to the expansion of commercial activities and the export of national products.
Industrial designs can be relatively simple and inexpensive to develop and protect. They are reasonably accessible to small and medium-sized enterprises as well as to individual artists and craftsmen, in both industrialized and developing countries.
1.4 How can industrial designs be protected?
In most countries, an industrial design must be registered in order to be protected under Industrial Design Law. As for China, the regulations on design are under the Patent Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and its implementing regulations; As for Canada, The Industrial Design Act and Industrial Design Regulations details the regulations that govern design rights. As a general rule, to be registerable, the design must be “new” or “original”. Different countries have varying definitions of such terms, as well as variations in the registration process itself. Generally, “new” means that no identical or very similar design is known to have existed before.
Depending on the particular national law and the kind of design, an industrial design may also be protected as a work of art under copyright.
2.The main difference concerning registration
2.1 When to file an application
There is no time limit for filing an application as long as the design had never been published. The term “published” means that the design has been made public (even to your neighbors) or offered for commercial sale or use anywhere in the world. It is best to file an quickly as possible if publication has occurred.
In china, an design application does not lose its novelty where, within six months before the date of filing, one of the following events occurred: [1] where it was first exhibited at an international exhibition sponsored of recognized by the Chinese Government;[2]where it was first made public at a prescribed academic or technological meeting;[3]when it was disclosed by any person without the consent of the applicant.
In Canada, the design shall be refused to be registered if the application is filed more than one year after the publication of the design in Canada of somewhere.
2.2 who can apply?
Only the proprietor of a design may apply for and obtain registration for an industrial design both in China and Canada, while there exists little difference between the two countries on the question that who can be defined as proprietor.[1] usually you are considered the proprietor if you have created the design;[2] if you work together with other person to creat a design, you should file for registration as joint proprietors ( unless you are all working under contract or commission );[3] if you have acquired ownership of a design, then you may apply;[4] if you are employee of a company and develop design as part of your employment, then the employer may be the proprietor. In that case, only the employer may apply in Canada; while in china, the entity and the inventor or creator may enter into a contract in which the right to apply for and own the exclusive right is provided for;[5] if you have been hired under contract to develop design for someone else, then that person is the proprietor and is the only one entitled to apply for registration in Canada; whereas in that case in China, the right to apply for registration belongs, unless otherwise agreed upon, to the entity or individual that made the design.
2.3 What requirements to make designs registerable?
In Canada, the minister shall register the design if the minister finds that it is not identical with or dose not so closely resemble any other design already registered as to be confounded therewith, and shall return to the proprietor thereof the drawing or photograph and description with the certificate required.
In China, any design for which patent fight may be granted must not be identical with and similar to any design which, before the date of falling has been publicly disclosed in publications in the country or abroad or has been publicly used in the country, and must not be in conflict with any prior right of any other person.
2.4 What you cannot register?
In Canada, you cannot register the following under the Industrial Design Act: [1] Designs that are utilitarian only and which are not intended to provide visual appeal; [2] Designs that have no fixed appearance; [3] Designs for components that are not clearly visible; [4] a method of construction; [5] an idea; [6] materials used in the construction of an article; [7] the useful function of the article; or [8] color.
In China, for any of the following, no patent right shall be granted: [1] scientific discoveries;[2] rules and methods for mental activities;[3] methods for diagnoses or for the treatment for the diseases;[4] animal and plant varieties;[5] substances obtained by means of nuclear transformation.
From the above regulations, we can see that the Chinese regulations is more generic for all of the three types of creation-inventions; and the Canadian’s is more special in detail on designs. So we should absorb some of them in our implementing regulations of patent law.
2.5 searching of office record prior to filing an application
Prior to filing an application, you may wish to conduct a search of office records in order to better determine whether your design is truly new and original. This will give you the opportunity to see other registered designs. You should also keep your design confidential.
2.6 How long the process takes?
In Canada, the Office dose not register any design until six months after the date of filing. Normally it takes between eight and twelve months to have your application examined. While in china, there is no such kind of provisions concerning the term of process of designs.
2.7 Duration of protection
Both in the two countries, duration of protection of industrial designs is for ten-year term, while the beginning date is quite different. In Canada, it is the date of registration-usually six months after the date of filing; in china, it is the date of filing. Once the ten-year term has expired, anyone is free to make, import, rent or sell etc., the designs.
2.8 Extension of protection
In Canada, your application must include a description which identifies the features that constitute the design since the court may use your description to help determine the limits of protection for your design, you should word your description with care and precision. If your description is too broad, you may over-extend the scope of the design, and it may be impossible to enforce. If it is too narrow, you may limit the scope of the design or leave out features that you intended to protect.
In China, the extend of protection of the patent right for design shall be determined by the product incorporating the patented design as shown in the drawings of the photographs.
2.9 Preparing your application
An application for registration of an industrial design has three basic elements as: [1] the application form;[2] at least one drawing or photograph of the design; and [3] the required fee(s). The application must include a title that identifies the finished article to which the design is applied. It should be the common name used in the trade. The description, along with drawings and title, must provide an actual picture of the design.
Only for Canada, each industrial design application must be limited to a single design or to “variants”. Variants are designs which do not differ substantially from one another. You may add variants of the design to your application anytime before registration.
2.10 Fees
In Canada, you must pay a fee to make your application examined by the Industrial Design Office. There additional fees for maintenance and late payment of the maintenance fee of designs. Before the expiry of five-years from the date of registration, a maintenance fee must be paid or the protection will cease.
In china, you shall an annual fee beginning with the year in which the exclusive right of design was granted. Failing to pay the annual fee will result in ceasing of protection before the expiration of its duration. The maintenance fee just exists in field of applying for a patent for invention. That is where the applicant for a patent for invention had not been granted a patent right within two years from the date of filing; the applicant shall pay a fee for the maintenance of the applicant from the third year.
3. The main regulations on process
3.1 The similar process of obtaining a design registration
The process of obtaining a design registration is made up of three distinct phases:[1] initial processing ( when you first file the application) [2] examination;[3] registration
3.1.1 Initial processing
Your application will undergo preliminary review by staff to ensure that basic administrative requirements have been met. If the application is complete a filing certificate will be issued; this is merely an acknowledgement that the application has been received and processed a filing date issued. It also gives you the number assigned to your application so that you can refer to that number in later correspondence. If the application is incomplete, you will also receive a report, advising you of what is required to complete it. Every report issued by the Office will give a due date for reply. If you do not reply by that due date your application will be considered abandoned.
3.1.2 examination
The first step in this phase of the process is the classification of your application according to the particular type of article to which it relates. This is followed by a formal assessment by an examiner who will study your description and drawings or photographs. This will then be compared with previously registered designs and designs published anywhere in the world to ensure that your design in original or registerable. You design cannot be the same or similar to a design already applied to a similar article of manufacture. The wording of the description will also be considered to see that it actually and adequately describes the design features shown in the drawings. Following this assignment the examiner will either allow the application for registration or issue a report. The report will outline the examiner’s findings and tell you what information or amendments are required.
Should different people apply to register essentially the same design, the Office will examine the applications on a first-come, first-served basis. The application with the earlier filing date will be registered.
3.1.3 registration
Once approved by the examiner your design will be registered as soon as possible provided you have not requested delayed registration. You will receive a certificate of registration. This certificate is evidence of ownership and the originality of your design and gives you the exclusive right to make, import for trade or business, rent or sell or expose for sale or rent, any article in respect of which the design is registered and to which the design is applied.
3.2 The different process of obtaining a design registration
The process of requests for delayed registration only exist in Canada. It is possible that you may want to delay registration. For example, you may wish to allow time to market or file your design out of Canada. In this case, you should inform the Office in writing. You may exercise the option to delay registration at the time of filing your application or at any time before it is registered.
4. The main regulations on proprietor’s rights
4.1 Marking rights on a product or it’s packing
The patentee has the right to affix a patent marking and to indicate the number of the patent on the patented product or on the packing of that product. You do not have to mark your design in order to indicate that it is registered as a design, but marking dose give you extra protection. The proper mark is a capital “D” inside a circle and the name, or abbreviation thereof, of the design’s proprietor on the article, its label or packaging.
4.2 Enforcing your rights from infringement
As proprietor, you may take legal action against anyone who infringes your design in Canada, it is your responsibility to take such action and you must do so within three years of the alleged infringement.
In China where a dispute arises as a result of the exploitation of a patent without the authorization of patentee, that is, the infringement of the patent right of the patentee, it shall be titled through consultation by the parties. Where the parties are not willing to consult with each other or where the consultation fails, the patentee or any interested party may institute legal proceedings in the People’s court or request the administrative authority fall patent affairs to handle the matter. Prescription for instituting legal proceedings concerning the infringement of patent right is two years counted from the date on which the patentee of any interested party obtains or should have obtained knowledge of the infringing act.
4.3 Marketing rights
In both countries, as the proprietor of a registered industrial design, you have the exclusive right to make, import for trade or business, rent or sell a product incorporating that or a similar design. You may also sell all or some of your rights to others( this is referred to as an assignment) or, you can simply authorize others to use the design subject to stated conditions( this is referred to as a license).
4.4 Registration outside the native country or for international protection
Generally, industrial design protection is limited to the country in which protection is granted. Under the Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs, a WIPO-administered treaty, a procedure for an international registration is offered. An applicant can file a single international deposit either with WIPO of the national office of a country which is party to the treaty. The design will then be protected in as many member countries of the treaty as the applicant wishes.
It is important to note that in some countries your application could be rejected if you or someone else has previously registered the design.
4.5 Priority rights
Procedures for obtaining international design rights are partially governed by an international treaty called the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property. The Paris Convention, which has some 90 member countries, including Canada, allows applicants to invoke what is called “ convention priority”. This means that someone who has filed for design registration in one Convention country has six months in which to file an application for the design in another country and be accorded the same rights as if h/she had filed in the second country on the original filing date.
References:
l Industrial Design Act of Canada (R.S.1985,c.1-9)
l Industrial Designs Regulations of Canada (1-9-SOR/99-460)
l Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China(Amended on August 25,)
l Implementing Regulations of the Patent law of the People’s Republic of China(Promulgated on June 15,)
l Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property.
l Patent Cooperate Treaty
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篇4：The Different Spring Festivals
The Different Spring Festivals
by Jack T.Y.Yu(俞铁婴)The Spring Festival is the biggest and the most formal festival for Chinese people. Yet, in the 1970’s the Spring Festival was not it is now. It’s a far cry between them. There are a lot of experiences in my memory. I remember when I was in the middle school, every year before the Spring Festival, the No.1 task of every family is buying festival goods, the most important being foodstuffs, in order to spend a satisfactory Spring Festival. Being the biggest child of the family, I was given the task of rushing out for buying all the festival goods with purchase list and money in my pocket, usually on foot. Almost all the festival goods on the market were in short supply, from chicken to fish, from vegetables to cake... I thought out everyway possible and bent over backward for buying all the festival goods. It was just like fighting a battle and I was quite proud of bringing fruitful baskets back home almost every time.
The early bird catches the worm. One year I remember, a few days before Spring Festival, I made many cards, nearly 100 pcs., with numbers on for buying chickens. I got up at 3:00 o'clock, and went to the big foodstuffs store to distribute the cards at the gate. As soon as I finished the distribution I went back home sleeping for a while & waked up at the crack of dawn. I rushed back to the store to organize the crowded endless queue in order according to my cards number, keeping anybody without card out of the queue. I kept the top 10 cards and gave them to my neighbors, classmates and friends as festival gifts who thanked me a lot just for being able to buy a few chickens. The notice on the gate said : “Two chickens for each person only.”
Another thing impressed me deeply was, one year, three days before the Spring Festival, I took my 3-years-old younger brother by the hand going to by fireworks. When I saw the dragon like long queue crowded in the shop yard, I arranged my little brother standing by the corner within my sight where was not so crowded waiting for me. I myself rushed into the crowded queue searching familiar faces, just like looking for a needle in a haystack. At last, thanks God! My sight was fixed upon a young guy! I was lucky enough to find a fellow student who studied in the same school with me. Though we never talked with each other before I was sure we met each other in the school yard several times. With this idea flashed across my mind I acted at once. I went up to him patting his shoulder saying : “ Hi! I was here after you, wasn’t I？” watching his eyes with smile. People in the queue looked at me with doubts. My schoolmate replied loudly:“ Yes, correct! You’ll miss if you come one minute later!” On hearing this, they had nothing to speak of. In fact, everybody present knew clearly that, I cut into the queue. Seeing we two young guys who seemed not afraid of fighting for shopping, they gave in. And besides, we made it smoothly, giving the right excuse. In this way, I was ahead of the game, having bought several packs of fireworks and said “Good-Bye!” to my schoolmate whom I’ve been still keeping contacts with for friendship till now. When my little brother see me buy the fireworks so quickly, he was as happy as a lark, walking on air! Hand in hand, we two went back home singing songs, as happy as a clam.
On our way home we passed a foodstuffs shop by the roadside. Catching sight of persimmon pies on shelf, which he had never tasted before, he thought it should be very delicious. He dragged me by one hand and pointed to the persimmon pies with another, murmuring : “ Buy! Buy!” Although I knew that he was still wet behind the ears and had little knowledge about food, he was the apple of my eye. I would like to jump through hoops for him all the time. I bought 10 cakes of persimmon pies and packed up, telling him : “When we are back home, mother will cook porridge with these pies for you.” My little brother was very happy and nodded with thanks, smiling from ear to ear. However, as soon as we arrived at home, I was given new tasks of buying eggs and fishes. And I went out for the shopping immediately. The next day, when I asked mother to make porridge, enabling little brother to enjoy persimmon pies, the persimmon pies were nowhere to be found. I felt rather upset for it seemed that something had happened. At last, when we discovered three cakes of persimmon pie remained in the plate at the corner of the closet, mother, father and I were all eyes. My dear little brother had eyes only for persimmon pies and he was too anxious to wait for the porridge. He had eaten seven cakes of persimmon pies once continuously! As the result, he was badly suffering from stomachache which had to be cured for years afterwards. Even now, he who has become father himself, still feel uncomfortable at his stomach sometimes.
Nowadays things are altogether different. It has been great changed for people to spend the Spring Festival. Large supplies of all kinds of festival goods are available in all large shopping malls, supermarkets, from seafood to meat, from vegetables to fruits etc. Most families just ordered meal parties in the restaurants and many people drive their own cars to visit relatives and friends which was unimaginable when I was young. All in all, the Spring Festival is not it used to be. From the different Spring Festivals we can see that the living stand of Chinese people has improved a lot. Even many foreign countries arrange colorful activities for celebrating Chinese Spring Festival now. The Spring Festival of Chinese people has now become the festival global-wide.
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