下面是小编为大家整理的英文简历:职称的译法,本文共15篇,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。

篇1:英文简历写作:几个职称的译法
1) 班长。国内很流行用Monitor,但国外常见的是Class President,这样显得更国际化;另外,用YRIS原理,显得官更大一点儿。
2) 团支部书记。用Secretary也可以,但在与外国人打交道时,如果参加的是纯商业机构,背景中政治色彩越少越好。经常一个班就是一个支部,我们可以用class表示支部,那么class用Secretary不合适,不妨用President。在某种意义上,班长和团支部书记二者的.角色是相同的。但如果二者是并驾齐驱的,不妨用Co-president。再有,如果你写了President,当有人问班长时,他可能会不高兴,为处理好关系,你不妨谦虚一下,用Vice President。这样,发生副作用的可能性就会很小。
3) 副会长。用Vice President是最合适的,在国外也很常见。
6.奖学金
一般用一句话概括。如果有多个,也争取用一句话概括。但如果是学生简历,则有其它的处理方式,我们会在“学生简历”一节讲解。
7.成绩
如果不是前五名,建议不写。因为如果排在五名之外,感觉您不是一个最优秀的学生。一旦写上,有些人会穷追不舍地发问,让你尴尬。
篇2:英文简历--翻 译
英文简历模板--翻 译
Name: XXX Sex: FemaleEthnic: Chinese political features: members
Academic qualifications (degree): Undergraduate: English
Contact Tel: 12345678 Mobile: 1390001234
Contact Address: XX Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing on the 10th Zip: 100007
Email Address: 12345678@sohu.com pager :66881122-1234
Educational background
Graduate institutions: Hunan University 1993.9 - .7 technology trade undergraduate English majors
Other: Other training
Minor in Japanese and guides
Certified Public Accountant examination is being
Work experience
* Sino-US joint venture has .4 ---狄姆Armstrong Technology Co., Ltd.
Translation / general manager of the Secretary of
To deal with all day-to-day affairs, general manager / executive director of the United States at the scene of translation of the technical training and business development / technical support to the United States, accompanied by work-site guidance / management arrangements for the meeting and the Organization for translation business
* 1999.4 --- 1997.10 Beijing Sino-Swiss joint venture Zhong'an Fire Electronics Co., Ltd.
Assistant manager of foreign production
Responsible for Switzerland, Germany and Hong Kong's international sourcing operations / translation of various production techniques, business contract documents / assist in the implementation of the work of home-made electronic components / to organize and coordinate the production of the departmental meetings, and undertake translation work
Profile
I am adaptable, responsible and diligent work, and has a good team spirit. Engaged in translation and negotiations over the years, assistant work, accumulated a wealth of foreign trade negotiations and international trade experience and excellent English oral, written expression. Able to skillfully operate a variety of office software and equipment to do the needs of modern office.
Please give me a chance, I will also you to eye-catching glory.
I character
Cheerful, modest, self-discipline, self-confidence (based on the person's circumstances).
Another: the most important thing is the ability, I believe that your company will feel that I am a suitable candidate for this position!
Look forward to working with your interviews!
篇3:英文简历职称翻译
英文简历职称翻译
1)班长。国内很流行用Monitor,但国外常见的是Class President,这样显得更国际化;另外,用YRIS原理,显得官更大一点儿。
2)团支部书记。用Secretary也可以,但在与外国人打交道时,如果参加的`是纯商业机构,背景中政治色彩越少越好。经常一个班就是一个支部,我们可以用class表示支部,那么class用Secretary不合适,不妨用President。在某种意义上,班长和团支部书记二者的角色是相同的。但如果二者是并驾齐驱的,不妨用Co-president。再有,如果你写了President,当有人问班长时,他可能会不高兴,为处理好关系,你不妨谦虚一下,用Vice President。这样,发生副作用的可能性就会很小。
3)副会长。用Vice President是最合适的,在国外也很常见。
篇4:被动语态的译法
英语中被动语态的使用范围极为广泛, 尤其是在科技英语中, 被动语态几乎随处可见, 凡是在不必、不愿说出或不知道主动者的情况下均可使用被动语态, 因此, 掌握被动语态的翻译方法, 对于硕士研究生入学考试的复习与应考是极为重要的, 因为在硕士研究生入学考试中,英译汉文章的内容多以科普文章为主。在汉语中, 也有被动语态, 通常通过“把”或“被”等词体现出来, 但它的使用范围远远小于英语中被动语态的使用范围, 因此英语中的被动语态在很多情况下都翻译成主动结构。 对于英语原文的被动结构, 我们一般采取下列的方法:
1. 翻译成汉语的主动句。英语原文的被动结构翻译成汉语的主动结构又可以进一步分为几种不同的情况。
(1) 英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语。在采用此方法时, 我们往往在译文中使用了 “加以”, “经过”, “用……来”等词来体现原文中的被动含义。例如:
例1.Other questions will be discussed briefly.
其它问题将简单地加以讨论。
例2.In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.
换言之, 矿物就是存在于地球上, 但须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。
例3.Nuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.
核能对健康、安全, 甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词-辐射来概括。
(2) 将英语原文中的主语翻译为宾语, 同时增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语。例如:
例1.It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real.
可能有人会指出, 无线电广播同样也能做到这一点, 但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。
例2.Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining. (85年考题)
人们常说, 电视使人了解时事, 熟悉政治领域的最新发展变化, 并能源源不断 地为观众提供各种既有教育意义又有趣的节目。
例3.It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality.
人们普遍认为,孩子们的早年经历在很大程度上决定了他们的性格及其未来的人品。
另外, 下列的结构也可以通过这一手段翻译:
It is asserted that … 有人主张 ……
It is believed that … 有人认为……
It is generally considered that … 大家(一般人)认为
It is well known that … 大家知道(众所周知)……
It will be said … 有人会说……
It was told that … 有人曾经说……
(3) 将英语原文中的by, in, for等做状语的介词短语翻译成译文的主语, 在此情况下, 英语原文中的主语一般被翻译成宾语。例如:
例1.A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor.
原子反应堆需要一种合适的燃料。
例2.By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives.
大战结束时, 这个组织拯救了八百人, 但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。
例3.And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. (93年考题)
许多人认为, 普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比, 而且认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门的训练才能掌握。
(4) 翻译成汉语的无主句。 例如:
例1.Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.
应该尽最大努力告?nbsp| 年轻人吸烟的危害, 特别是吸上烟瘾后的可怕后果。(82年考题)
例2.By this procedure, different honeys have been found to vary widely in the sensitivity of their inhibit to heat.
通过这种方法分析发现不同种类的蜂蜜的抗菌活动对热的敏感程度也极为不同。
例4.Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft.
在我们这个世纪内研制了许多新奇的交通工具, 其中最奇特的也许就是气垫 船了。
例5.New source of energy must be found, and this will take time….
必须找到新的能源,这需要时间……(91年考题)
另外, 下列结构也可以通过这一手段翻译:
It is hoped that … 希望……
It is reported that … 据报道……
It is said that … 据说……
It is supposed that … 据推测……
It may be said without fear of exaggeration that … 可以毫不夸张地说……
It must be admitted that … 必须承认……
It must be pointed out that … 必须指出……
It will be seen from this that … 由此可见……
(5) 翻译成带表语的主动句。例如:
例1.The decision to attack was not taken lightly.
进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。
例2.On the whole such an conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed. (92年考题)
总的来说, 得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的, 但必须具备两个条件: 能够 假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一个孩子的态度相同; 他也没有 因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。
(注意上述翻译技巧在该句翻译中的综合运用。)
2. 译成汉语的被动语态。英语中的许多被动句可以翻译成汉语的被动句。常用“被”, “给”, “遭”, “挨”, “为……所”, “使”, “由…”, “受到”等表示。例如:
例1.Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by Man.
地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人类引燃的。
例2.These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space.
这些讯号是由外层空间的星球碰撞或者核反应所造成的。
例3.Natural light or “white” light is actually made up of many colours.
自然光或者“白光”实际上是由许多种颜色组成的。
例4.The behaviour of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number of factors, including the viscosity of the fluid and the speed at which it is pumped.
流体在管道中流动的情况, 受到诸如流体粘度、泵送速度等各种因素的影响。
例5.They may have been a source of part of the atmosphere of the terrestrial planets, and they are believed to have been the planetesimal-like building blocks for some of the outer planets and their satellites.
它们可能一直是地球行星的一部分大气的来源。它们还被认为是构成外部行星以及其卫星的一种类似微星的基础材料。
例6.Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. (95年考题)
工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。
例7.Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. (95年考题)
政府是以减少技术的经费投入来增加纯理论科学的经费投入, 还是相反, 这往 往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。
例8.The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.
石油的供应可能随时会被中断;不管怎样,以目前的这种消费速度,只需30年左右,所有的油井都会枯竭。
摘自:www.xmmaster.com/CHINESE/translation/trans3.htm
篇5:英文简历制作--翻 译
Name: XXX Sex: Female
Ethnic: Chinese political features: members
Academic qualifications (degree): Undergraduate: English
Contact Tel: 12345678 Mobile: 1390001234
Contact Address: XX Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing on the 10th Zip: 100007
Email Address: 12345678@sohu.com pager :66881122-1234
Educational background
Graduate institutions: Hunan University 1993.9 - .7 technology trade undergraduate English majors
Other: Other training
Minor in Japanese and guides
Certified Public Accountant examination is being
Work experience
* Sino-US joint venture has .4 ---狄姆Armstrong Technology Co., Ltd.
Translation / general manager of the Secretary of
To deal with all day-to-day affairs, general manager / executive director of the United States at the scene of translation of the technical training and business development / technical support to the United States, accompanied by work-site guidance / management arrangements for the meeting and the Organization for translation business
* 1999.4 --- 1997.10 Beijing Sino-Swiss joint venture Zhong'an Fire Electronics Co., Ltd.
Assistant manager of foreign production
Responsible for Switzerland, Germany and Hong Kong's international sourcing operations / translation of various production techniques, business contract documents / assist in the implementation of the work of home-made electronic components / to organize and coordinate the production of the departmental meetings, and undertake translation work
Profile
I am adaptable, responsible and diligent work, and has a good team spirit. Engaged in translation and negotiations over the years, assistant work, accumulated a wealth of foreign trade negotiations and international trade experience and excellent English oral, written expression. Able to skillfully operate a variety of office software and equipment to do the needs of modern office.
Please give me a chance, I will also you to eye-catching glory.
I character
Cheerful, modest, self-discipline, self-confidence (based on the person's circumstances).
Another: the most important thing is the ability, I believe that your company will feel that I am a suitable candidate for this position!
Look forward to working with your interviews!
篇6:定语从句的译法(网友来稿)
定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种,两类定语从句在翻译方法上基本类似, 因此我们把它们放在一起介绍。在翻译定语从句时,我们经常采用下列的翻译方法:
一、前 置 法
把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组, 放置于被修饰的词之前, 将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句, 这种方法一般用于限制性定语从句比较短的情况。
一些较短的具有描述性的非限制性定语从句也可采用前置法, 但没有限制性定语从句使用得普遍。例如:
例1.For example, one function of friendship seems to fulfill is that it
supports the image we have of ourselves, and confirms the value of the
attitudes we hold.
例如, 友谊的一个作用似乎是支持我们在自己心目中的形象, 并使我们持有的价值观念更加坚定。
例2.The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any
comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. (92年考题)
如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话, 那么对所有被比较者来说, 前两个因素 必须是一样的。
例3.The first method is to give a synonym, a word that has nearly the
same meaning as the word you wish to define: face for countenance, nervousness
for anxiety.
第一种方法是同义词法, 即给出一个与 要释义的词在意义上几乎相同的, 如用face表示countenance, 用nervousness表示anxiety.
例4.Behaviourists, in contrast, say that difference in scores are due
to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and
other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. (90年考题)
相反, 行为主义者认为, 成绩的差异是由于黑人常常被剥夺了白人在教育及其他外界环境方面所享有的许多有利条件而造成的。
例5.The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression
of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode
by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanations.
(94年考题)
科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式, 也就是对一切现象进行 思考并给以精确而严谨解释的表达方式。
例6.A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit
greatly from attending nursery school.
附近没有同龄伙伴和自己玩的儿童,上托儿所可以得到很多的益处。
二、后 置 法
当定语从句较长时, 如果翻译成前置的定语, 就会不符合汉语的表达习惯, 在这种情况下, 往往把该定语从句翻译成并列的分句, 放置于原来它所修词的后面。另外在处理此类定语从句时,
一般遵循的原则是: 若保留先行词, 则在第二个分句中加以重复, 若省略, 则两个并列分句中均不再保留。当然, 在实№的翻译过程中也有例外。
例1.All the water that flows through the wide pipe in a second must somehow
get through a narrow part too, which it can do only by going faster.
在一秒钟内流过粗管子的全部水量, 一定会以某种方式通过细管子, 这只有靠加快流速才能做到。
例2.Perhaps light is some sort of electric wave, whose nature we do not
yet understand.
也许,光是某种电波,其性质我们尚不清楚。
例3.They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every
Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
他们正在为实现一个理想而努力, 这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的, 在过去,许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。
例4.This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult
to continue agriculture in high-energy American fashion that makes it possible
to combine few farmers with high yields. (91年考题)
这种困境将是确定无疑的, 因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能量消耗这种美国耕种方法继续下去了, 而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。
例5.“In short”, a leader of the new school attends, “the scientific revolution,
as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series
of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”
(94年考题)
新学派的一位 袖人物坚持说:“简而言之, 我们所称谓的科学革命, 主要指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用, 这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。
例6.The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which
means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and
marketing food. (91年考题)
食品的供应将赶不上人口的增长, 这就意味著我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正陷入危机。
三、翻译成状语从句
英语中有些定语从句, 兼有状语从句的职能, 在逻辑上(即意义上)与主句有状语关系, 说明原因、结果、让步、假设等关系, 翻译时应善于从英语原文的字里行间发现这些逻辑上的关系,
然后翻译成汉语中相应的偏正复合句。例如:
例1.He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old.
他不记得他父亲了, 因为他父亲死时他才三岁。
例2.However, iceberg water could be extremely cheap for some countries
when compared with desalination, a process which requires much more fuel
and much more money.
不过, 对某些国家来讲, 用冰山化水比海水脱盐相比, 费用可能极为便宜, 因 为脱盐过程 要更多燃料和更多的资金。
例3.Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from
perceptual knowledge is an idealist.
如果认为理性知识不必由感性知识得来, 那他就是一个唯心主义者。
例4.…it was not until sixty years ago that a method of extracting aluminum
ore was found which could lead to a cheap large-scale process. (88年考题)
……直到60年前人们才找到开采铝矿的方法, 从而使低成本、大规模冶炼金属铝成为可能。
例5.In office, figures, lists and information are compiled which tell
the managers or heads of the business what is happening in their shops
or factories. (85年考题)
在办公室里, 工作人员将各种数据、表格和信息加以汇编, 以便让经理或主管人员了解他们的商店或工厂目前正在发生的情况。
例6.Liquids, which contains no free electrons, are poor conductors of
heat.
各种液体, 由于不含有自由电子, 是热的不良导体。
我们讲了定语从句的各种翻译方法,在这里我们还 要提醒大家,在翻译含有定语从句的句子时,我们应该特别注意在分析句子的结构上面下工夫,务必要搞清定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个。下面我们结合一个实例加以说明:
In fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep which is specifically
concerned with preventing muscle inactivity.
曾经有人把这个句子翻译为:
事实上,在睡眠期间仍有一定基本量的活动,这种睡眠特别与防止肌肉活动有关。
在判断上述翻译的正误之前,我们首先分析一下这个句子中的定语从句所修饰的先行词,在这个句子中which引导的定语从句有两个可能被修饰的成分:a
basic amount of movement和sleep, 一般来讲,定语从句往往修饰离它最近的那个名词,但是在这个句子中,却不是这样,因为,如果是修饰sleep,
我们就会翻译成上面的句子,但是从句子的意义来看讲不通,因此,这个定语从句是修饰前面的a basic amount of movement应该翻译为:
事实上,在睡眠期间仍有一定基本量的活动,这种活动特别与防止肌肉活动中断有关。
由此我们可以看出,确定定语从句的先行词是极为重要的,做出正确的判断的关键在于分析句子的结构和熟悉划线的句子所出现的上下文。另外,我们还 要注意一些比较复杂的定语从句结构,也就是那些定语从句里又含有定语从句的情况,在翻译这类句子时我们应该注意灵活运用我们在前面讲述的一些翻译技巧,尤其要注意分析各个定语从句之间的关系,例如:
Behaviourists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment
where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate
responses will experience greater intellectual development. (90年考题)
上面句子的骨干结构为:Behaviourists suggest that the child … will experience … development,
这是一个复合句,在that所引导的宾语从句中,在主语child的后面是一个由who引导的定语从句,在在这个定语从句中又有一个由where引导的定语从句,修饰前面的名词environment,
然后在这个定语从句中又有一个由which引导的定语从句,修饰前面的名词stimuli, 这就构成了一个一套三的定语从句结构,在翻译成汉语时,考虑到定语从句太长,我们 要将个别的定语从句分开来翻译,这样我们可以将此句翻译为:
行为主义者认为,如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境中成长,而这些刺激物能够发展其作出适当反应的能力,那么这个儿童将会有更高的智力发展。
篇7:文言文中译英的译法
原文:吾辈凡夫,生存在功利社会,终日忙忙碌碌,为柴米油盐所困,酒色财气所惑,既有追求,又有烦恼,若想做到从心所欲,难矣哉!
乍一看,感觉好难,该从哪儿下手呢?有点找不着北的节奏。柴米油盐、酒色财气这是要翻译出各自对等的事物么?那么该怎么翻译呢?给你两个译文版本,你来选择哪个更牛:
译文一
It is hardly possible, if not impossible, for common folks to follow their mind while living in such a hectic, materialistic world where one struggles to meet subsistence needs while fighting off sensual temptations and deals with a perplexing mix of lofty aspirations and worldly distractions.
译文二
We ordinary people, living in a utilitarian-oriented society, rush about all day long, vexed by daily necessities like fuel, rice, cooking oil and salt, and tempted by cardinal vices such as wine, women, avarice and pride. What an immense difficulty to follow our hearts desire in the face of conflicts between pursuits and cares.
1. 该句第一眼看去似乎难以驾驭,但是如果抓到句子的核心信息,做到轻重有别就不难处理了。认真分析后会发现句子的核心是吾辈凡夫在这个社会里想要做到从心所欲很难,前面的信息都是说明功利社会的,属于事实背景部分,一般要放在从句或插入成分中。这样,分清主次后才能开始构思句子的搭建。
2. 行文时,为......所困和为......所惑这些词属于动词,可以隐去,从写作的高度重新组织行文;
柴米油盐和酒色财气属于中文具体词,英译时不能直接对等,需要进行提炼概括;
既有追求又有烦恼属于前后对比,在行文时尽量添加适当的形容词修饰以增强语感。
篇8:文言文中译英的译法
原文:可惜远行奔波间,车马劳顿,总是行色匆匆,山水的怡情悦目,都如过眼的`云烟,只不过领略了一个大概,不能去探寻幽僻的妙境。
圆形奔波,车马劳顿,行色匆匆,怡情悦目,过眼烟云一大波四字成语。先不说怎么翻译这些四字表达,想想这是什么逻辑关系,字字都要译么?先来看译文赏析:
大神译文:
Yet fatiguing/tiring/exhausting/ long-haul journeys basically mean that I can only get a sketchy picture/glimpse of enchanting/engrossing/inviting/engaging/amazing/arresting natural landscape that greets me along my way as I hurry along to attend to business, with little time left to explore remote, less spoiled serenity.
网友译文:
It is regretful that my rushing on the long journeys leaves me heavy with the fatigue of travel and unable to savor the soothing and pleasing landscape of mountains and waters. Their tranquil beauty fades away like floating clouds, leaving only a vague impression without the exploration of the secluded realm of beauty.
1. 这句的逻辑关系需要认真揣摩。句子大意或主体框架是奔波劳顿使得我只能大概领略怡情的景色,匆匆忙忙而没有多少时间去探寻妙境,这样C-C-E梳理后句子自然就容易处理了。
2. 行文时,远行奔波、车马劳顿属于同义重复,减译为fatiguing journeys,添加mean表示原因;
过眼的云烟和只能领略大概属于同义重复,减译为get a sketchy glimpse of
行色匆匆通过as连接表示理由,hurry along to attend to business急匆匆去公干,最后添加with补充说明造成的后果。
篇9:俄语专有名词的译法
(一)人名
人名要以音译为主,不可乱译,
例如:
молотов 莫洛托夫
виноградов 维诺格拉多夫
го можо 郭沫若
сыма цянь 司马迁
以下这些人名应约定俗成:
толстой 托尔斯泰
горький 高尔基
мохаммед 穆罕莫德
константин 康斯坦丁
2.化名,别名,绰号通常都有特殊的含义或某种修辞色彩,则需要以意译为主,也可以采用音译加说明。
例如:
берёза 白桦
стрекоза 蜻蜓姑娘
ян байлао 杨白老
(二)地名
минск 明斯克
р.дон 顿河
以下应约定俗成:
язия 亚西亚
сибирь 西伯利亚
парк сунь ят-сена 中山公园
2.某些地名有明显的政治、方位、颜色等涵义,应采用音译或音意兼译。
例如:
комсомольск 共青城
средиземное море 地中海
среднее море 中亚
большой(малый)хинган 大(小)兴安岭
3.俄语某些带前后缀的国名地名通常采用音意兼译,
белоруссия 白俄罗斯
новосибирск 新西伯利亚
прибайкалье 贝加尔沿岸地区
4.某些地名国际上通行意译或音意兼译,俄汉互译应遵循国际惯例。
例如:
the cape of good hope -мыс доброй надежды-好望角
atlantic ocean-атлатический океан-大西洋
(三)机关团体、组织机构等名称通常都是意译或音意兼译。
例如:
TACC 塔斯社
государственный совет 国务院
агетство “синхуа”新华社
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篇10:连词while的译法
连词while除具有“当时”、“同时”等意义外,根据上下文还有以下不同含义及其不同译法。
一、引导时间状语从句
译作“当……时”。例如:
1. make hay while the sun shines.
趁着有太阳晒晒草。(乘机行事,抓紧时机。)
2. we must work hard to gain more knowledge while we are young.
趁着现在还年轻,我们必须刻苦学习,获得更多的知识。
二、引导让步状语从句
常放在句首,译作“尽管”、“虽然”,比although或 though语气要轻。例如:
1. while i believe it is true, i cannot prove it.
虽然我相信那是真的,但我无法证明。
2. while any kind of athletic shoe can provide a certain amount of rebound,
energy-return sneakers are designed to maximize this effect.
虽然任何一种运动鞋都能提供一定的反弹力,但回力运动鞋能够使这种效果最大化。
三、引导条件状语从句
相当于as long as,译作“只要”。例如:
1. while there is life, there is hope.
有生命,就有希望。
2. while a spark of life remains, it is a doctor's duty to save the patient.
只要病人还有一息生机,医生就有责任挽救。
四、引导原因状语从句
相当于since, 有“既然”的意思。例如:
1. you'll never save any money while you're so extravagant.
你这么奢侈,永远存不下钱来。
2. i'd like to get it settled today while we're at it.
既然我们着手干了,我想今天就把它干完。
五、连接并列句
表示对比,相当于whereas,译作“而”、“可是”。例如:
1. an outdoors man will soon become pale if he changes to an indoor job, while a desk clerk will take on a tan after a short vacation in the sun.
从事室外工作的人如果调到室内工作,不久肤色就会变白;而一个伏案工作的文员出去度个短假,就会被太阳变黑。
2. motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.
运动是绝对的,而静止是相对的。
六、连接并列句
表示递进,相当于and what is more, 译作“并且”、“而且”。例如:
1. the new man-made fibres are more hardwearing than natural fibres and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful.
新的人造纤维比天然纤维耐磨,因此能大大减少修补工作,而且做好的衣服价廉物美,数量也多。
2. of course, i resolutely determined not to marry, while i quite forgot to consider at all that great rock of disaster in the working-class world-- sickness.
当然, 我下定决心不结婚,而且把工人阶级的巨大灾难——疾病,也忘得一干二净。
篇11:汉译英的合并译法
汉译英时,往往必须先找出主谓框架树起主干,然后将各种关系词、短语(介词短语、名词短语)、附加成分(同位语、插入语)、分词结构、从句(定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句)等添加到主干,使树木枝繁叶茂,翻译汉语的多个分句时,注意分析各个分句之间的逻辑关系,确定好主从关系,采用恰当的方式进行连接。如:
我们必须抓住新的机遇,迎接新的挑战,采取更加有力的措施,以更为积极地姿态扩大对外开放,力争对外贸易和吸收外资有新的增长。
译:We must seize new opportunities and meet new challenges.We must open ourselves wider to the outside world more actively,and take more effective measures to expand foreign trade and absorb more foreign funds.
评:本句包含5个小分句:我们必须抓住新的机遇(1),迎接新的挑战(2),采取更加有力的措施(3),以更为积极地姿态扩大对外开放(4),力争对外贸易和吸收外资有新的增长(5),
学习资料
分析各个分句之间的逻辑关系,可以发现(1)和(2)是并列关系,添加and进行连接,(3)和(4)是并列关系,(5)是其目的,因此,着三个分句连为一体,(3)and(4)to(5)。
当然,这两个部分之间还存在着总和分的关系,前两句说得比较笼统,后三句说明了具体的措施和做法,英语句子体现具体信息的部分往往可以利用分词结构表达,所以本句还有一种译法:We must seize new opportunities and meet new challenges,opening ourselves wider to the outside world more actively,and taking more effective measures to expand foreign trade and absorb more foreign funds.
〔
汉译英的合并译法
〕随文赠言:【受惠的人,必须把那恩惠常藏心底,但是施恩的人则不可记住它。――西塞罗】篇12:英语政府官员职位译法
英美虽都是讲英语国家,但同一政府部门的首长名称不同:英国国家元首是国王(king )或女王(queen),而美国的国家元首是总统(president)。
英国内阁的首脑为首相(prime minister),其他组成人有:
first lord of the treasury 第一财政大臣(首相兼任)
secretary of state for foreign affairs 外交大臣
lord president of the council 枢密院大臣
lord chancellor 大法官
chancellor of the exchequer 财政大臣
chancellor of the duchy of lancaster 兰开斯特公爵郡大臣
lord privy seal and leader of the house of commons 掌皇大臣兼下院领袖
minister of defence 国防大臣
secretary of state for commonwealth relations 联邦关系事务大臣
secretary of state for the colonies 殖民地事务大臣
secretarv of state for scotland 苏格兰事务大臣
minister of labour and national service 劳工大臣
minister for housingand local government 住房及地方政府事物大臣
minister of town and country planning 都市及乡村计划大臣
minister of health 卫生大臣
minlster oi educatlon 教育大臣
presldent of the board of trade 贸易大臣
minister of agriculture and fisheries 农业和渔业大臣
minister of pensions and national insurance 年金及国民保险大臣
此外还有非内阁阁员的政府部门首长 :
first lord of the admiralty 海军大臣
secretary of state for war 陆军大臣
secretary of state for air 空军大臣
minister of fuel and power 燃料电力大臣
minister of transport 运输大臣
minlster of supply 供应大臣
minister of economic affairs 经济事务大臣
minister of food 粮食大臣
minister of civil aviation 民航大臣
minister of works 工程大臣
paymaster general 主计大臣
labor secretary 劳工部长
postmaster general 邮政大臣
attorney一general 检查总长
sollcitor一general 副检查总长
lord advocate 苏格兰检察总长
美国总统以下设十个行政主管,分掌国政,形成一个内阁:
secretary of state 国务卿
secretary of the treasury 财政部长
secretary of defense 国防部长
attorney general 司法部长
postmaster general 邮政管理局长
interior secretary 内政部长
agriculture secretary 农业部长
commerce secretary 商务部长
篇13:科技术语的译法
随着社会的进步和科技的发展,新的发明创造不断涌现,随之也就出现了描述这些事物的新术语。在科技英语翻译中,我们常常碰到如何把这类术语译成适当的汉语的问题。通常,有以下约定俗成的方法。
1. 意译:意译就是对原词所表达的具体事物和概念进行仔细推敲,以准确译出该词的科学概念。这种译法最为普遍,在可能的情况下,科技术语应采用意译法。
例如:
holography 全息摄影术
astrionics 宇航电子学
guided missile 导弹
aircraft carrier 航空母舰
videophone 可视电话
walkie-talkie 步话机
power roller 健腹轮
e-mail 电子邮件
一般说来,有三类科技新词语采用此译法:
1.1.合成词:由两个或两个以上旧词构成的复合词
skylab 太空实验室
moonwalk 月球漫步
friction factor 摩擦系数
1.2.多义词:旧词转义,即通过赋予旧词以新义而构成新术语
drone 雄蜂→无人驾驶飞机
bug 臭虫→窃听器
computer 计算者→计算机
1.3.派生词:在原有的词根上加前缀或后缀构成新术语
例如:
thermocouple 热电偶
voltmeter 电压表
2. 音译:音译就是根据英语单词的发音译成读音与原词大致相同的汉字。采用音译的科技术语主要有两类:
2.1.计量单位的词:
hertz 赫兹(频率单位)
bit 比特(度量信息的单位,二进制位)
lux 勒克司(照明单位)
joule 焦耳(功或能的单位)
2.2. 某些新发明的材料或产品的名称(尤其在起初时):
celluloid 赛璐珞(硝纤象牙)
nylon 尼龙(酰胺纤维)
sonar 声纳(声波导航和测距设备)
vaseline 凡士林(石油冻)
morphine 吗啡
一般地说,音译比意译容易,但不如意译能够明确地表达新术语的涵义。因此,有些音译词经过一段时间后又被意译词所取代,或者同时使用。
例如:
combine 康拜因→联合收割机
laser 莱塞→激光
vitamin 维他命→维生素
penicillin 盘尼西林→青霉素
3.形译:用英语常用字母的形象来为形状相似的物体定名。翻译这类术语时,一般采用形译法。常用的形译法又分为下列三种情况:
3.1.选用能够表达原字母形象的汉语词来译:
t square 丁字尺
i-column 工字柱
u-bend 马蹄弯头
v-slot 三角形槽
3.2. 保留原字母不译,在该字母后加“形”字,这种译法更为普遍:
a-bedplate a形底座
d-valve d形阀
c-network c形网络
m-wing m形机翼
3.3.保留原字母不译,以字母代表一种概念:
x ray x射线
l-electron l层电子(原子核外第二层的电子)
n-region n区(电子剩余区,即电子导电区)
4.意音结合译:在音译之后加上一个表示类别的词,或者把原词的一部分音译,而另一部分意译。
4.1有些词以音译为主,在词首或词尾加上表意的词:
logic 逻辑电路
covar 科伐合金(铁镍钴合金)
4.2. 由前缀加入计量单位构成复合词,计量单位采用音译:
megavolt 百万伏(特)
microampere 微安(培)
kilowatt 千瓦
decibel 分贝
4.3.某些复合词意音结合译:
radar-man 雷达手
valve-guide 阀导
4.4.有些由人名构成的术语,人名音译,其余部分意译:
ohm's law 欧姆定律
curie point 居里点
morse code 莫尔斯电码
monel metal 蒙乃尔合金
注意:人们在熟悉了这类术语后往往只记人名的第一音节音译,后加“氏”字译出:
babbit metal 巴氏合金
brinell test 布氏试验
5.直译:在科技文献中商标、牌号、型号和表示特定意义的字母均可不译,直接使用原文,只译普通名词:
b-52 e bomber b-52 e轰炸机
kubota mobile crane model km-150
库宝塔km-150型流动式起重机
另外,科技术语的译名应注意规范化。凡约定俗成的译名,不要随意更动。正如鲁迅先生指出不能把“高尔基”译成“郭尔基”一样。
创新译名要能正确表达出事物的真实含义,应尽量采用意译。 例如:
dustoff 战地救护直升机,该词义与飞机起飞和降落时扬起的尘土有关,dust (尘土)+ off(离开)。
在同一篇文章或同一本书中专业术语的译名必须前后统一,这特别适用于那些有几个通用译名的专业术语。否则,就可能引起误解。例如:nylon尼龙/耐纶/酰胺纤维
篇14:英语倍数句型及其译法
英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错--其主要原因在于:英汉两语在
表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下:
倍数增加
(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①)
A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②)
A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③)
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍].
Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three
times the length of )that one.
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。
(二)increase to n times(④)
increase n times/n-fold(⑤)
increase by n times(⑥)
increase by a factor of n(⑦)
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。
Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times
as compared with last year.
集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。
Eg. The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against
l986.
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。
Eg. That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times.
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。
Eg. The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four.
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。
(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧)
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式:
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported.
据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。
(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨)
Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled.
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。
(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如:
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as
B.(⑩)
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B.
【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11)
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。
倍数减少
(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12)
A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13)
以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。
Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom.
氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。
Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper.
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。
(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14)
decrease by n times(15)
decrease by a factor of n(16)
以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。
decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。
Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times.
新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。
Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current
is stepped down by ten times.
电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。
Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5.
该设备误差概率降低了4/5。
(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction…
应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n一1)/n]。(17)
这个句型还有其它一些形式,
Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed.
发现迅速减少到1/7。
Eg. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in
weight.
这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。
从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不 同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句 型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍
数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或 净减n-1倍。所以句型⑤、③表示的倍数增量=句型④; 句型(13)表示的倍数比差=句型12,且decrease(by)
3 times应译为“减少2/3”,而不是“减少3/4”。
篇15:英文简历自夸表达法
英文简历自夸表达法
Mature,dynamic and honest
思想成熟、精明能干、为人诚实。
Excellent ability of systematical management
有极强的系统管理能力。
Ability to work independent1y,mature and resourceful
能够独立工作、思想成熟、应变能力强。
A person with ability plus flexibility should apply.
需要有能力及适应力强的人。
A stable personality and high sense of responsibility are desirable.
个性稳重、具高度责任感。
Work well with a multi-cultural and diverse work force.
能够在不同文化和工作人员的背景下出色地工作。
Bright,aggressive applicants.
反应快、有进取心的`应聘者。
Ambitious attitude essential.
有雄心壮志。
Initiative,independent and good communication skill.
积极主动、独立工作能力强,并有良好的交际技能。
Willing to work under pressure with leardership quality.
愿意在压力下工作,并具领导素质。
Willing to assume responsibilities.
应聘者须勇于挑重担。
Mature,self-motivated and strong interpersonal skills.
思想成熟、上进心强,并具极丰富的人际关系技巧。
Energetic,fashion-minded person.
精力旺盛、思想新潮。
With a pleasant mature attitude.
开朗成熟。
Strong determination to succeed.
有获得成功的坚定决心。
★英文简历
★职称英语
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