【导语】下面是小编精心整理的四六级写作典型错误分析（共8篇），仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
篇1：四六级写作典型错误分析
四六级写作典型错误分析
为帮助各位网友更好地备考12月24日英语四六级作文考试，特对四六级写作存在的典型错误用例文进行精彩点评。由于下面一些例文中错误较多，点评时只是列举了部分的.典型错误，而且为了保持原文面貌，编辑没有做过多的改动，所以欢迎大家一起来挑错，有问题一起讨论。英语四级作文题目： “Women in the Modern World”
英语四级作文提纲：
1. Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today.________
2. With the changes in their social role, women's position in the family has been improved as well. ______
3. In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely realized. __
例1． （2分段）
??Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today. Long age, women only did something in the kitchen or at home. Now many of them have serious jobs to serve for people. What men can do so can women.
With the changes in their social role, women's position in the family has been improved as well. Today in the family, the wife often lots her husband to do something at home bat ago, only women did something. Men are foned of doing something at home.
??In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely realized. Sometimes, the matter, the husband hitting has welf, often happened. In the factory the wonmen to as much as the men, but they are paid less than the men. Some people have not completely realized the liberation of women.
东方教育点评：条理不清，思路紊乱，大部分句子均有错误，有的甚至影响理解。具体问题剖析如下：
(1)缺乏逻辑，东一句西一句，没有围绕中心论述，如第一段就没有展开论述妇女社会角色的转变，说得太笼统而缺乏说服力。
（2）用汉语思维，句子有明显的汉语痕迹，如“What men can do so can women.”，应改为“Women can do what men can do”。
（3）衔接不自然，没有用适当的关联词，如“Sometimes, the matter, the husband hitting has welf, often happened”，应改为“The case that husband hits his wife often happens. ”
（4）拼写错误很多，大部分句子均有错误。
例2．（5分段 ）
??Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today. In today, many women have a work. They worked as well as men playing an importan
篇2：经典：四六级写作典型错误精彩点评
经典：四六级写作典型错误精彩点评
为帮助各位网友更好地备考12月24日英语四六级作文考试，特对四六级写作存在的'典型错误用例文进行精彩点评。由于下面一些例文中错误较多，点评时只是列举了部分的典型错误，而且为了保持原文面貌，编辑没有做过多的改动，所以欢迎大家一起来挑错，有问题一起讨论。英语四级作文题目： “Women in the Modern World”
英语四级作文提纲：
1. Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today.________
2. With the changes in their social role, women’s position in the family has been improved as well. ______
3. In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely realized. __
例1． （2分段）
??Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today. Long age, women only did something in the kitchen or at home. Now many of them have serious jobs to serve for people. What men can do so can women.
With the changes in their social role, women’s position in the family has been improved as well. Today in the family, the wife often lots her husband to do something at home bat ago, only women did something. Men are foned of doing something at home.
??In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely realized. Sometimes, the matter, the husband hitting has welf, often happened. In the fact
篇3：托福写作典型错误解析
1. I am not good at maths, but English
改进: I am good not at mathematics but at English/ My strength is not mathematics but English.
2. Who is the proper person to make up his minds about children’s leisure time?
改进: Who is the proper person to plan children’s leisure time?
3.It is children who clear about their interests.
改进: It is children who are clear about their own interests.
4. I agree the latter idea.(漏掉介词是大家在托福写作中低分的常见病句。)
改进: I agree with the latter idea.
5. Many people dissatisfy with the status quo.
改进: Many people are dissatisfied with the status quo.
6. So I feel breathe more comfortably now.
改进: So I feel more comfortable now when I breathe.
7. People should learn knowledge no matter how old they are.(语义重复也是大家在托福写作中导致低分的主要原因)
改进：People should learn no matter how old they are/ People are never too old to learn.
8. No one knows all the things.
改进: No one knows everything.
9. I want to live in a quiet place to admire peaceful life.
改进: I want to live in a quiet place to enjoy peaceful life.
10. Each form of shavings friends has its advantages.
改进: Each way of choosing friends has its advantages.
11. I was admitted to a Key University for which few dared to sign up.
改进: I was admitted to a Key University to which few dared to apply.
12. Luckily, he recognized an American professor.
改进: Luckily, he knew an American professor.
13. They will learn the bad habits.
改进: They will develop bad habits.
14. In this continued process, people make progress.
改进: In this cycle, people make progress.
15. Lastly, higher education is equal to higher salary.
改进: Lastly, higher education means higher salary.
16. By making friends who are different from ourselves, we can make up for deficiency.
改进: By making friends who are different from ourselves, we can make up for our shortcomings.
17. A wrong decision will bring even worse fact.
改进: A wrong decision will bring even worse result.
18. You spend all your life to fulfill your willing.
改进: You devote all your life to the fulfillment of your dream.
19. Children should be taught disciplines in groups to avoid unnecessary lost.
改进: Children should be taught discipline in groups to avoid unnecessary loss.
20. I felt alone.
21. Eating outside has the most advantage that we can go at any time when we finish eating without doing any washing.
改进: The best part of eating out is that we can leave everything behind after meal.
22. Smoking can help you relax your mind.
改进: Cigarettes can help you relax.
23. What’s about nonsmokers?
改进: What about nonsmokers?
24. Why not to be a non-smoker?
改进: Why not be a non-smoker?
25. Everyone will have many friends in his life.
改进: Everyone has friends in his life.
托福写作范文：learn about people by clothes
托福写作考试有个题目，叫做：You can learn about people by clothes they wear!
根据GRE阅读强化和新概念四册文章的架构，按照上面托福考试的题目，写了下面这篇文章，供大家参考。
文笔拙劣，不揣浅薄，望各位朋友斧正、指教!主要是抛砖引玉，给大家提供一个托福和GRE写作结构的思考方向。
此外，阅读文章可以从写作的角度去思考、学习，写作的文章则反其道而行之，会有新的启发。
Sages have been chattering all the time about the danger and devastation of judging a book by its cover. Admittedly, there is some truth in their effort, as it would be unsophisticated and misleading to calculate one’s moral character and dignity solely by his “cover”, be it his look, stature or even the quality of clothing.A closer study of the issue, aided by an acute sense of customs and convictions, however, reveals quite indisputably that one can learn, more or less, about people by the clothes they dress. The most significant information thus gathered is personal identity and cultural inclinations.
Coming first to indicate the affinity between the people and their clothing is the identity issue, which serves as a solid, identifiable evidence to my argument. With different styles of dressing, one intends to articulate his own identity, thus conveying some cultural subtleties, say, his likes and dislikes, his convictions and taboos. The example of Hippies and Yuppies comes readily to one’s mind. Their unconventional, rebellious dressing code, in a non-verbal manner, remained their counter-cultural manifesto. It is also true in the case of politicians and business people, whose clothing undoubtedly helps to differentiate them from those with different pursuits and occupations.
With one’s dress, a sensitive, well-informed mind could also gather crucial information about the customs, beliefs and other cultural inclinations of the community the person lives in, though, in some cases，the knowledge thus gained might be insufficient, but certainly not dismissible. As we are invariably conditioned by our customs upon the very moment of our birth, we grow up to be little creatures of our communities and convictions. Their beliefs are our belief, their impossibilities our impossibilities. Quite understandably, personal clothes, as an important ingredient of its cultural ambience, definitely speak with a tangible, visible language. The only difference is whether the “reader” is aware of this cultural cue or not. But it is forever out there: substantthing. Instead, a perceptive and reasonable mind forever knows how to explore more, but always by starting with proper knowledge and orientation from what they dress!
篇4：雅思写作中7个典型错误例子分析
雅思写作中7个典型错误例子分析汇总
一、各种前后不一致
说话肯定前面说完了后面得跟上吧!比如：When one have enough money, she can do anything she want to do.
one是第三人称单数，而且have应改为has; want应改为wants, 典型的主谓不一致，要改写的没改写;
改为：When one has money, she can do anything she wants (to do).
二、中式思维要人命啊!
中式化。比如：There are many ways we get to know the outside world.
分析：“there are many ways”以及“we get to know the outside world”。原本两个句子很正常，但用中式思维把两个句子一连起来，感觉就不对了，而且一种浓厚的中式乡村英语范袭来;
改为：There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world.
三、句子随意添加
一般都是烤鸭们写完了一句话之后，咦，不对，少写了一些东西，得加上去，然后就出现了这样的句子
There are many way to get the news. For example by TV, radio, newspaper and soon.
其实也很好改，注意标点符号的使用，news后面加了点，就是句子的结束了，然后For还大写，这样后面就彻底成一个句子啦，不对;
改为：There are many ways to get the news, for example, by TV, radio, and newspaper.
四、词性用错啦
这个还要解释么，大家应该经常犯错吧……介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等。
None can negative the importance of money. negative是什么词性呀，用到这里了，应该用动词：否定，deny!
五、指代不清
比如：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.
哈哈，这个句子相当于“我是谁的谁的谁的谁”。考官看到就蒙圈了…………娘啊，这到底是啥句子啊……
改为：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
六、修饰词错位
英语与汉语不同，放错一个位置，句子的意思就会完全发生变化啦!会造成了不必要的误解。
比如：He believe him can do it well and he will better know the world outside the world.
分析：better位置不对啊，应该是 he will know the world outside the world better，放到最后。
七、用词不当
比如：The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.
显然，把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use(不断增加的使用)”应改为“abusive use(滥用)”。
雅思写作范文：资源快速消耗
Task：The natural resources such as oil, forests and fresh water are being consumed at an alarming rate. What problems does it cause? How can we solve these problems?
Sample answer：
The universal phenomenon of excessive consumption of natural resources actually remains a subject of public interest and concern. The objective of this essay is to outline both the potential problems of this negative tendency and appropriate ways of dealing with it.
Consuming considerable resources will cause inevitable environmental pollution. The low efficiency of resources use in factories may aggravate this problem. One of the best solutions may be encouraging companies to adopt more eco-friendly equipment, making optimal use of materials. Meanwhile, local governments can enact stricter environment-protection standards to normalize the enterprise operations.
In addition, since available natural resources are quite limited on the earth, the overuse of these restricted resources will worsen the shortage of natural materials and lower people’s standard of living indirectly. It is well-recognized that only a few natural resources can be used directly in our daily life. For example, the drinkable water accounts for just less than 1% of all the world water resources. Also, to meet the basic needs of people, some alternative materials have been invented when some resources are in a short supply. For instance, artificial cotton, a material which is made from rice straw, has replaced cotton in clothing industry in recent years. However, the clothes made of artificial cotton are definitely not as comfortable as the natural ones. Wearing these clothes means a lower life quality to some people to some extent. To address this problem, people should develop a more active attitude towards economizing resources, leading a low carbon life.
To summarize, consuming natural resources at an increasing rate may pose a threat on environment and people’s life. Business, governments and society should work together to solve these problems.
(280 words)
雅思写作范文：新闻媒体的好坏
News media have become influential to our lives, and some people think that is a negative development. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
新闻媒体对我们的生活产生影响，有人认为这是一种消极的发展。你在多大程度上同意或不同意?
思路解析：
1. 负面影响：以新闻为主的生活方式会让人们筋疲力尽。举例，报纸和电视吸取了人们所有的关注，这让人们无法关注自己的事情，也缺乏时间来维持家庭关系。
2. 负面影响：负面新闻会引发社会不安。举例，很多谣言，关于社会传染病，或是很多逃犯的信息，会让人们生活在恐惧中。
3. 负面影响：媒体是洗脑工具。举例，处于政治目的，很多新闻媒体会对某些进行毫无根据的攻击和抹黑。这会误导投票人的判断和立场。
4. 正面影响：新闻媒体能提供有用的信息，建议和指导。举例，天气预报和交通堵塞的信息能帮助人们制定合适的出行计划和路线。
参考范文：
Nowadays, the expanding influence of news media on the society has been a heated social issue in debate. Some believe this trend is negative because the media controls minds of the public. Personally, I partially agree with this view, and my reasons will be explored as below.
The most worrying aspect of new media is that it overwhelms people’s daily lives. Actually, our lives of today are news-oriented, because of the 24-hour nonstop news cycles on TV, radio and Internet. Under such news bombardment, the information overload takes place, which means people’s attentions and minds have to be glued to focusing on and interpreting endless news, comments, gossips and rumors, necessary and unnecessary, no matter where they are, in workplaces, schools, buses or homes. As a result, news media is a huge distraction, which makes people exhausted and reduces their concentration and energy on their tasks or families.
Another big concern of news media is about its roles in manipulating people’s thoughts. Psychologically speaking, watching news media is a strong process of washing brain, in which the personal judgments of individual viewers might be removed and replaced with the media-established ideas. For example, for the purpose of politics, many influential newspapers, TV programs and online websites disclose the foibles of privacy, and even deliberately fabricate false rumors, scandals to diminish some political candidates in an election. Obviously, the cheatings and lies on news media are detrimental to the social equity and democracy, because they keep voters from thinking freely and independently.
However, the positive impact news media bring to our lives can never be ignored. In fact, the exposure to these news and reports can give the audience valuable messages and suggestions in day-to-day life. For example, the information about forecasts of weather and traffic situations in rush hours on regional newspapers or radio channels can instruct local residents to make proper schedules, plans and routers for travelling outside. In addition, reports about pressing social problems like epidemics, natural disasters, violence and crimes in streets also help to arouse the public’s awareness of the importance of improving education and health care systems, as well as the necessity of saving environment.
In conclusion, the demerits caused by news media override its benefits for the public. Although it can provide useful and practical information to the audience, it influences people in more negative ways, including an unbalanced life due to addiction in news, as well as the misunderstanding about social issues.
(417 words)
篇5：简历写作错误分析
简历写作错误分析
8、罗列私人信息或者不相干的信息
许多人会在履历中概括他们的兴趣，比如阅读，徒步旅行和滑雪等等。其实，这些只有在它们与目标工作有关联的时候才最好加入。例如，候选人申请的是一份滑雪教练的工作，那么他或她就应该提到其喜欢乡间滑雪的兴趣。
履历中一般不应该提到一些私人信息，比如生日，婚姻状况，身高和体重等等。当然，这也是有例外的，比如说一些娱乐方面的特长和美国以外的求职。
9、当你有很好的职业记录时选用功能履历
人事经理曾经说过，一个讨厌的麻烦就是有的候选人只是描述他的或她的技能而不涉及具体工作。对每一个职位都虎视眈眈是让人讨厌的。除非你的履历有紧急情况，比如说事实上没有工作记录或者极端繁忙工作，你要避免使用格式化的功能履历。最有效果的一种格式是经过改良的按年代排列的类型。请看一下其基本版面安排： 页眉（姓名，住址，电子邮件地址，电话号码）；以有力的个人概述引领（详细设计你的主要经历和专业领域）；年代次序颠倒的雇佣记录（着重于过去10到的成就）；教育（为了有所梯度，该项可以移到顶部）；另外的相关主题包括职业联盟，社会活动，技术专长，出版物，专利和所用语言等。
10、没有摘要或没有概括部分使最初的自我推销发生困难
摘要部分是求职者最好的工具。做过该项内容的候选人就会知道这种类型的技能和资格占有很重要的地位。摘要中应该说明与所求职位相关的技能等级和经验。为了创造一个有影响力的概括陈述，老练的开头会决定什么才是对雇主们来说是重要的。接下来，罗列一下你匹配的技能、经验和教育情况。这些自我推销点就可以并入概括部分了。
篇6：简历写作错误分析
简历写作错误分析
1、过于关注工作职责
履历中最普遍的错误就是将履历变成一份枯燥乏味的职责责任清单。许多人甚至会用他们公司的工作守则作为改善履历的指南。
创建一份履历是对上述剩余部分的删节，你不该仅仅叙述必需的信息，还要说明你的每个公司的不同经历。要提供公司怎样因你的表现而大获其利的具体例子。当彰显自己的成就时，请问自己以下问题：
2、你是怎样比别人更好地完成工作的？
你或你的团体所面临的是怎样的问题或挑战？你是怎么样克服困难的？你努力的结果怎么样？公司怎样从你的表现中获利？
3、你是否因为你的表现而受到奖励，赞誉或者晋升？
4、目标叙述过于华丽或平常
许多候选人在履历的开始部分的目标叙述时就让人兴趣寡然。最糟糕的目标叙述一般是这样开始的：“一个具挑战性的职位不仅让我有机会为公司做贡献而且也给我以成长和进步的机会。”这样的叙述早已用滥掉了，而且太过平常，浪费了宝贵的履历空间。如果你正在写履历，试试用小纸条来代替目标叙述，在小纸条上你可以说说你的工作或你专长的领域。
5、过短和过长
太多的人想把他们的`经历压缩在一页纸上，因为他们曾经听说履历最好不要超过一页。当将履历格式化地缩到一页时，许多求职者就删除了他们给人深刻印象的成就。反之亦然。就拿那些在履历上用几页纸漫谈不相干的或者冗长的经历的候选人来说，看的人很容易就会觉得无聊。所以，当你写履历时，试着问自己：“这些陈述会让我得到面试的机会吗？”然后，仅仅保留那些会回答“是”的信息。
6、决定履历篇幅是否恰当的规则就是没有定则
决定其篇幅的因素包括有职业、企业、工作经历、教育和造诣程度等等。最重要的就是，履历中的每一个字都要能够推销该候选人。
7、人称代词和冠词的用法
履历是商业沟通的形式，它应该是简洁和被正式书写的。它不应该出现“我”的字样，且尽量少用冠词。试看一例：
陈述：我已经开发了一种新的产品，它使销售额增加了200万，使部分销路总量增加了12%.
应该写成：新开发的产品使销售额增加了200万，使部分销路总量增加了12%.
篇7：中学英语典型语用错误分析及对策
语用学是一门新学科，是对语言的使用科学地进行研究的学科。它涉及两个基本概念即意义和语境。语用学理论认为：语言有两个不同层面的意义：一个是抽象的、固定的、游离于语境之外的意义；另一个是在特定意义下的含义，也就是语用意义。语境，概括地说，就是使用语言的环境，它包括话语语境、情景语境和文化语境。
中学生学英语时较注重语言的固定意义，而忽视其语用意义，而且对语境理解不到位，这就导致大量中国式英语的产生。用这种英语进行交流，或闹出笑话或冒犯对方或让对方迷惑不解不知所措。为了给中学生学英语以正确的导向，英语试题也加大了对语用的考查。如：
A： I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her.
B： _________ fault .
A. No way. B. Not possible.
C. No chance. D. Not at all.
从语用的范畴，中国式英语可分为两大类：
第一类，望文生义。将汉语的语言习惯生搬硬套到英语中去，致使讲出的英语不符合英语表达习惯，这类错误是语用中语言性的。
例1 A：Are you free? I have something important to tell you.
B：...
在这一对话中，A把“你有空吗？” 机械地译为：Are you free？或Do you have time?其实，在英语本族人中问别人是否有空时很少用free或have time 来表示。正确的英语表达应为：Are you busy? When could you spare me a few minutes? Could you spare me a few minute? (Have you) Got a minute? Are you in a hurry? When is a good time? When will it be convenient? Do you have the time, please? 因为free常表示“免费”或者“坐牢”。相对应的，当对方听到Are you free?时，可能会回答：I'm not free, but I'm not too expensive.(我不是免费的，但要价也不高。)或者：I'll be in prison for 5 months.
例2 “南方人吃大米。”对于这句话，许多中学生直译为：The southerners eat rice. 这种翻译就不合适了。eat 一词指“吃”的具体行为或具体动作，而“南方人吃大米。”讲的是一种生活习惯，应译为：The southerners feed on rice. feed on 意为“以……为主食；靠……过生活”，表人或动物的生活或饮食习惯。
另外，在和外国人交谈时，中学生常谦虚地说：My English is poor.来表示“我的英语很差”。其实，英国人很少说：My Chinese is poor. 而常说：I can only speak a little Chinese. / I'm not good at speaking Chinese, I'm afraid. / My Chinese is not as good as I would like to. / I'm not 100 percent fluent, but I'm getting better. / I'm studying hard and improving all the time.等等。
类似以上的错误，在中学生英语学习中举不胜举。甚至有人将“车水马龙”译为cart water horse dragon, “人山人海”译为people mount people sea等，如此译法让人莫明其妙，一头雾水。
第二类 社交语用失误。这是由于学习者对英语的社会文化因素缺少了解而造成的。我们知道，不同的国家有着不同的文化背景、风俗习惯、社交礼仪和不同的价值取向等。
例如，在中国文化中，人们见面时有一句常用的招呼语：“你吃过饭了吗？”我们可以推测出对方的意思而回答：“吃过了。”或“还没有。”而在英美文化中，人们见面打招呼时往往谈论天气。如果你对英美人也套用此句(Have you had your meal?)向他们打招呼，他们就认为你打算邀请他们一起外出用餐，而对年轻的英美女士来说，还有“约会”的含义。
在汉语中，两位多年未见的朋友相逢时常说：“你变化不大。”或“你还是老样子。”(You haven't changed much.)以示亲热、友好，通常为一种称赞语。但在英语文化中，变化(change)是受到推崇的，不变是不受欢迎的(be devalued),这种不同的价值取向在跨文化交流中很易引起误会。
此外，在英语中有很多委婉语，但在使用时都有其特定的语境，不能混用。例如以下几种表达“死”的委婉语都用得恰到好处，因为它们在形成过程中都与其特定的文化有关。如：
a. I was told the millionaire was knocking on heaven's door.
b. The priest answered the final summons, to our surprise.
c. My two-year-old sister was taken to paradise.
d. The president has his name inscribed in the book of life.
e. I will refuse if anything should happen to my cousin.
f. That drunkard kicked the bucket.
g. I will not regret if you offer me a chance to join the great majority.
避免语用错误的对策：
首先要勤练语言知识。英语的学习如同打乒乓球、弹钢琴，是一种新的技能和习惯的培养，只不过它是心理机制更为复杂的一种活动。它同样必须通过“正确的模仿，反复的练习，大量的实践”才能熟练掌握，自如运用。因此，在平时的学习中，学生们应大量模仿地道的语言材料，培养其速度及熟练程度；在练习过程中，教师应为学生提供丰富的语境，越是接近真实的自然情况或实际生活的语境，越会收到实效。同时，注重语用知识的渗透，培养学生的语用意识，对于学生所说的汉语或英语，特别是出现频率较高的错误，应分析其产生的原因，进行总结并及时纠正，使学生的英语在不断地犯错、改错中逐步提高。
其次要多了解外国文化。掌握一门语言只具备说出合乎语法规范的句子的能力是远远不够的，还应获得这种语言的交流能力，而语言交流是离不开文化背景的。正如王佐良先生所说：“不了解语言的社会文化，谁也无法真正掌握语言。”但是，中学生学习外语，缺少与外国文化直接接触的机会及其文化背景的了解，这就要求教师在培养学生的语言技能的基础上，注重文化背景知识的导入，将文化知识寓于词汇、语法、课文讲解和课后练习中，将技能培养与文化知识的介绍同步进行；指导学生阅读原版英文报刊、杂志、文学作品，观看英文电影，定期进行文化讲座，对比汉英文化的差异，使学生了解英语国家的社会习俗，培养学生对英美文化的敏感性和洞察力，增强对语言本身及其文化的认识。
总之，中学生在学习第二语言的过程中难免受到母语的干扰而犯错，但这种错误会随着学生对外语的熟练掌握及对外国文化的深入了解而逐渐减少，直至最后完全消除，学生最终学到地道、流利的英语，并能进行正确、得体的交流。
文/曾宪华
篇8：典型材料写作
典型材料是把先进集体或先进人物的事迹，或把犯错误党员干部、发生问题单位胡的情况加以综合整理而写成的书第一文库网面材料。整理典型材料的目的在于研究问题，推动工作。因此，典型材料应确实具有典型意义。
典型材料包括正面典型材料和反面典型材料。
典型材料内容包括标题、正文两部分。包括单位或个人名称，典型事例的发展过程，典型事例的价值或意义，典型材料中的经验，以及有关编写者的批评、表扬、建议等。这里着重介绍一下先进典型材料的写法。先进典型材料又可分为先进事迹材料和典型经验材料。
写作先进事迹材料，一般有两种情况：一是先进个人，如先进工作者、优秀党员、劳动模范等；一是先进集体或先进单位，如先进党支部、先进车间或科室，抗洪抢险先进集体等。无论是先进个人还是先进集体，他们的先进事迹，内容各不相同，因此要整理材料，不可能固定一个模式。一般来说，可大体从以下方面进行整理。
(1)要拟定恰当的标题。先进事迹材料的标题，有两部分内容必不可少，一是要写明先进个人姓名和先进集体的名称，使人一眼便看出是哪个人或哪个集体、哪个单位的先进事迹。二是要概括标明先进事迹的主要内容或材料的用途。例如《王××同志端正党风的先进事迹》、《关于评选张××同志为全国新长征突击手的材料》、《关于评选××处党支部为省直机关先进党支部的材料》等。
(2)正文。正文的开头，要写明先进个人的简要情况，包括：姓名、性别、年龄、工作单位、职务、是否党团员等。此外，还要写明有关单位准备授予他(她)什么荣誉称号，或给予哪种形式的奖励。对先进集体、先进单位，要根据其先进事迹的主要内容，寥寥数语即应写明，不须用更多的文字。
然后，要写先进人物或先进集体的主要事迹。这部分内容是全篇材料的主体，要下功夫写好，关键是要写得既具体，又不繁琐；既概括，又不抽象；既生动形象，又很实在。总之，就是要写得很有说服力，让人一看便可得出够得上先进的结论。比如，写一位端正党风先进人物的事迹材料，就应当着重写这位同志在发扬党的优良传统和作风方面都有哪些突出的先进事迹，在同不正之风作斗争中有哪些突出的表现。又如，写一位搞改革的先进人物的事迹材料，就应当着力写这位同志是从哪些方面进行改革的，已经取得了哪些突出的成果，特别是改革前后的．经济效益或社会效益都有了哪些明显的变化。在写这些先进事迹时，无论是先进个人还是先进集体的，都应选取那些具有代表性的具体事实来说明。必要时还可运用一些数字，以增强先进事迹材料的说服力。
为了使先进事迹的内容眉目清晰、更加条理化，在文字表述上还可分成若干自然段来写，特别是对那些涉及较多方面的先进事迹材料，采取这种写法尤为必要。如果将各方面内容材料都混在一起，是不易写明的。在分段写时，最好在每段之前根据内容标出小标题，或以明确的观点加以概括，使标题或观点与内容浑然一体。
最后，是先进事迹材料的署名。一般说，整理先进个人和先进集体的材料，都是以本级组织或上级组织的名义；是代表组织意见的。因此，材料整理完后，应经有关领导同志审定，以相应一级组织正式署名上报。这类材料不宜以个人名义署名。
写作典型经验材料-般包括以下几部分：
(1)标题。有多种写法，通常是把典型经验高度集中地概括出来，一般不采用公文标题的写法。这种集中概括出来的标题，既包含正文中各部分典型经验的'内容，又不是这些内容的简单重复，可以说就是典型经验的主题。
(2)开头。一般是展示典型经验的背景材料和突出的成果。背景材料包括典型的自然情况、社会背景等，既要写出典型经验出现的环境，又不要冗长、罗唆。成果，要概括写出最为突出之点，并尽可能与背景材料相映衬。有的也把成果放在材料的尾部来写，这要根据具体材料安排。
(3)主体。对典型经验的具体展开，是典型经验材料的核心部分。写作这部分内容，一般是从总体上把典型经验按照一定的逻辑关系分成几个部分。几部分都是紧紧围绕标题，服务于标题，说明标题；各部分之间要有内在联系，但不能互相重复，互相包含，要相对独立地处在一个统一体内。
一般来说，这部分内容的表述，应当既要有思想，又应有具体做法或实例，既要有面上的综合，又应有点上的说明，最好还要有一些必要的数字。
写作先进典型材料，应当注意以下一些问题：
(1)事实必须真实、可靠。先进典型材料的先进事迹是否真实，直接关系到先进典型的生命力。只有绝对真实9才能使先进典型真正具有教育人、鼓舞人的作用。因此，凡是材料中反映的先进思想、先进事迹和典型经验，一定要认真核对清楚，不允许有半点虚假、拔高或拼凑及张冠李戴的情况，不能把道听选说、未经核实的先进事迹和经验写入材料。如果确实一时难以搞清楚，宁可暂时不写，也不能勉强凑数。
(2)观点和提法要分寸恰当。在叙述先进典型的先进事迹和经验时，要注意摆正先进典型和其他群众、集体的关系。许多先进个人、先进集体的事迹，都不是单枪匹马干成的，是与周围群众和其他集体、单位的大力支持分不开的。因此，讲先进典型的事迹、经验，一定要注意切不可讲那些脱离群众、脱离整体观念的过头话。否则，就不能起到先进典型的带动作用。
(3)文字要朴实、简明。整理先进典型材料，主要是通过实实在在的事实说话。这就要求在语言文字的表达上，一定要善于选择那些实在、贴切的词语。不要过多选用做修饰成分或言过其实的形容词。不要讲空话、套话，硬拉架子做文章。话要说得简洁明了，凡是能用较少的话把事情说清楚的，就不要把话拉长。
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