【导语】以下是小编为大家整理的《名词性从句》讲义 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)（共18篇），仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
篇1：《名词性从句》讲义 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
《名词性从句》讲义
一、定义：在复合句中相当于一个名词，做主语、宾语、表语、同位语的从句。
二、引导词：
1. 连词: that , if, whether, as if
2. 连接代词: who , what, which, whose, whom以及wh+ever
3. 连接副词: when, where, why, because, how
三、引导词的作用：
1. 连词只有连接的功能，而不在从句中充当句子成分。
2. 连接代词和连接副词不但有连接的功能，同时还要在从句中充当特定的句子成分，主
语、宾语、表语、定语、状语。
主 语 从 句
基本概念
1． 定义：在复合句中作句子主语的从句叫做主语从句。
2． 构成：关联词+简单句
3． 引导主语从句的关联词有三类：
连词that、whether;
疑问代词who, what, which;
疑问副词when, where, how, why
⑴ 连词that（无词意）, whether(是否), 在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用; whether
能引导主语从句，而if不能。
That you don’t like him has nothing to do with me.
Whether John will do this experiment remains a question.
⑵ 疑问代词who, what, which, 在从句中既作连接词又充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
Who will be sent abroad to further his studies is not announced.
What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well.
Which school will win the prize is not known.
Whose dictionary has not been found is still unknown.
Whichever you take will be yours.
Whoever wants this book may take it.
Whatever was said here must be kept secret.
⑶ 疑问副词when, where, how, why在从句中充当时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原
因状语
When they will start hasn’t been decided yet.
Where the heroine went is not mentioned at the end of the story.
How he managed to finish the composition in such a short time is still a mystery.
Why he often comes here is known to us all.
难点
1． 主语从句能用it作形式上的主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。常以it作形式主语的
句型有：
A. It+be+形容词(well-known, obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如：
It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。
B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, common
Knowledge, a surprise, a fact, etc.)+that从句。如：
It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遗憾我们不能去。
It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我们没赢这场比赛真意外。
C. It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged,
etc.)+that从句。如：
It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.
据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。
It has been suggested that much should be done to prevent the river from being
polluted. 有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流受到污染。
D. It appears / seems that…… （似乎……）
It happens that…… （碰巧……）
It occurred to me that…… （我突然想起……）
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。
It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。
E. It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从
句。如：
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪里开会毫无区别。
F. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句
后置。如：
Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?
下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？
Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗？
G. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：
How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪！
2． 注意连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义
Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 来的人将受到欢迎。
Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that) 他所做的事情是正确的。
Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who)
你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖励。
表 语 从 句
基本概念
1． 定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。
2． 构成：关联词+简单句
3． 引导表语从句的关联词的种类：
(1) 从属连词that。如：
The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
(2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如：
He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。
The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。
注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如：
All this was over twenty years ago, but it’s as if it was only yesterday.
这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。
能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如：
It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。
(3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
连接副词 where, when, how, why。
如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。
That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。
难点
1． 连词because可引导表语从句。如：
I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。
2． 引导表语从句的that不省略，that仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，无任何
意义
The impression he makes on me is that he is a reliable person.
他给我的印象是他是一个可靠的人。
3． the reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导，我们学生易犯“the reason is because…”
的错误
The reason why the little actress has been such a success is that she is both clever and
hard-working.
4． 在表示命令order等，建议suggestion, advice等的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词要
用虚拟语气：should+动词原形，should可省略
His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the problem.
5． whether可引导表语从句，表“是否”，它在从句中不充当成分，if不能引导表语从句。
宾 语 从 句
基本概念
1． 定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
2． 构成：关联词+简单句
3． 引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：
(1) 从属连词that。如：
He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。
I know he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。
注： that在引导宾语从句时也并非任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能
省略。
① Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个
宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)
大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。
② I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作
介词宾语时，that不能省略。) 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。
③ That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. (that从句位于句首时，that
不可省略。) 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
④ We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a
probationary period. (主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。)
鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。
(2) 从属连词if/whether。如：
I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。
I don’t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。
(3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
连接副词 where, when, how, why。
Who or what he was, Martin never learned.
他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。
I wonder what he’s writing to me about. 我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。
I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。
You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。
4． 介词宾语从句
宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如：
He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.
他对那天发生的事感到很不快。
I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。
I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。
Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.
你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。
有时介词可以省略。如：
I don’t care (for) who marries him. 我不管谁跟他结婚。
Be careful (as to) how you do that. 你要注意做这件事的方式。
难点
1． 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：
We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.
我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
他已表明他不会屈服。
2． 作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except, but, in
后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it作形式宾语。如：
He is a good student except that he is careless.
他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。
You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。
介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。如：
Are you sorry for what you’ve done?
你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？
3． 某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain,
pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连词that可省略。如：
I am not sure what I ought to do. 我不能确定我该做什么。
I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said. 恐怕你没领会我说的意思。
I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before. 我好奇怪，我以前没看到过。
Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.
妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。
4． 连词whether (…or not)或if引导的宾语从句
if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不
与or not连用。如：
I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。
用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用whether。试比较：
Please let me know if you want to go.
Please let me know whether you want to go.
if从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”；此句又可理解为条件状语从句，意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”。
5． 宾语从句的否定转移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓
语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：
I don’t think you are right. 我认为你错了。
I don’t believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。
I don’t suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意，是吗？
6． 宾语从句的时态变化规律：
(1) 当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。
(2) 当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳运行。
同 位 语 从 句
基本概念
1． 定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
2． 用法：
① 同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词that。如：
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come?
你在哪儿听说我不能来？
Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.
德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。
注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：
I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 我不知道他是否来。
② 连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从
句。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.
谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
It is a question how he did it.
那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。
难点
1． that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别：
We expressed the hope (that) they had expressed.
我们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种希望。（定语从句）
We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.
我们表示希望他们再来中国访问。（同位语从句）
① 从语法角度上看，引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何句子成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中作主语或宾语等句子成分。
② 从语义角度上看，同位语从句与前面的名词hope是同位关系，表示hope的内容是they would come to visit China again。因而同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词作补充说明；而定语从句与它前面的名词是所属关系，表示“…的”（他们曾经表示过的），起修饰作用，因此定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词。一般来说，我们可以将同位语从句改写成“主语 + be + 表语”结构。
The hope was that they would come to visit China again.
③ 同位语从句的连词that不能省略，而定语从句的关系代词that，当其在从句中作宾语中，可省略，作主语也不可省略。
I’ve heard the news that he visited our factory.
I’ve heard the news that he told you the other day.
The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.
The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.
The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.
The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.
The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省。)
李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。
The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语，可省。)
他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。
2．引导定语从句的when, where, why是关系副词， 在其前面分别有表示时间、地点、原因或方式意义的名词作先先词。
I will never forger the day when I joined the League.
我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。
The factory where I once worked has changed a lot.
我曾经工作过的那家工厂发生了巨大的变化。
That’s the reason why she didn’t come to the meeting.
这就是她为什么没有到会的原因。
当when, why, where引导同位语从句时，它们为连接副词。虽然它们在从句中充当句子成分，但前面却没有与其意义相当的先行词。
I have no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
The problem where we got the machine needed has already been solved.
我们到哪里去弄所需机器的问题已经解决了。
He has solved the question why he was ill. 他已经解决了他为什么生病这个问题。
3． 一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：
This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.
这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。
高考题实录
1. Can you make sure ______ the gold ring? ( NMET1990)
A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put
C. where has Alice put D. where Alice has put
2. No one will be sure ______ in a million years. (NMET1991)
A. what will man look like B. what man will look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
3. Go and get your coat . It’s ______ you left it (NMET1992)
A. there B. where C. there where D. where there
4. It worried her a bit ______ her hair was turning grey (NMET1992)
A. while B. if C. that D. for
5. ____ the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet．
A．Whenever B．If C．Whether D．That
6. ____he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. (NMET 1993)
A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter
7. --- Do you remember ____ he came?
---Yes, I do, he came by car (NMET 1994)
A. how B. when C. that D. if
8. _____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET1995)
A. There B. This C. That D. It
9. _____we can’t get seems better than _____we have (NMET)
A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what
10. ______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. (NMET1996)
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
11. It’s generally considered unwise to give a child _____ he or she wants. (NMET)
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
12. Bob is no longer____ he used to be. (NMET)
A. that B. which C. who D. what
13. ---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---Is that _____ you had a few days off？ (NMET)
A. why B. when C. what D. where
14. ______ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising． (上海1999)
A．Who B．The one C．Anyone D．Whoever
参 考 答 案
1─5 DBBCC 6─10 A ADAB 11─14 BDAD
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇2：名词性从句 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
名词性从句
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，它们在复合句中的功用相当于名词，因此称为名词性从句，在句中分别作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
1．When he will come is still unknown.
2．I don’t know who has watered the fields.
3．The problem is that we need more money.
4．Have you heard the news that our team won the game?
1． 主语从句：在复合句中作句子主语的从句。
引导词：连词that、whether;疑问代词who, what, which;
疑问副词when, where, how, why
(1) 连词that（无词意）, whether(是否), 在从句中不担任句子成分，只起连接作用; whether能引导主语从句，而if不能。
That you don’t like him has nothing to do with me.
Whether John will do this experiment remains a question.
（2）疑问代词who, what, which, 在从句中既作连接词又充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
Who will be sent abroad to further his studies is not announced.
What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well.
Which school will win the prize is not known.
Whose dictionary has not been found is still unknown.
Whichever you take will be yours.
Whoever wants this book may take it.
Whatever was said here must be kept secret.
(3)疑问副词when, where, how, why在从句中充当时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语
When they will start hasn’t been decided yet.
Where the heroine went is not mentioned at the end of the story.
How he managed to finish the composition in such a short time is still a mystery.
Why he often comes here is known to us all.
(4)用it作形式主语的主语从句常用的句型有：
It’s said that…
It is certain that…
It seems/ happens that…
It’s possible/ important/ necessary/ clear that…,该句型从句的谓语动词使用虚拟语气形式：should+动词原形。
It is necessary that we should learn some English grammar.
2.表语从句：在复合句中作句子表语的从句
引导词有that, whether, what, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, how, because等
（1） 引导表语从句的that不省略，that仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，无任何意义
The impression he makes on me is that he is a reliable person.
(2) the reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导，我们学生易犯“the reason is because…”的错误
The reason why the little actress has been such a success is that she is both clever and hard-working.
(3) 在表示命令order等，建议suggestion, advice等的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气：
should+动词原形，should可省略
His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the problem.
(4) whether可引导表语从句，表“是否”，它在从句中不充当成分，if不能引导表语从句。
The question is whether we can rely on him.
(5) 连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose除起连接作用外，还在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语。
That’s what he is worried about.（在从句作中宾语）
The problem is who can do the work.（在从句中作主语）
（6）连接副词when, where, why, how起连接作用外，还在从句中作状语。
That’s why I was late.
That is where he was born.
That is how he did it.
(6) 连词because引导表语从句，只用在
That/This/It is because…结构中
That is because she often works hard.
3．宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语的成分。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语，也可作动词不定式等非谓语动词形式的宾语，还可作某些形容词的宾语从句。
Jenny thought (that) her teacher was unfair.
I’d like to know which one is your husband.
I am sure (that) he won’t mind.
It all depends on whether they will support us.
4.同位语从句：一般跟在某些名词后面，用以解释或说明前面的名词的内容。经常带同位语从句的名词有fact, news, message, doubt, possibility, idea, reason, belief, hope, thought, promise, suggestion, question等。
引导词有连词that, whether；连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how等
（1） that, whether只起连接作用，不在从句中作任何成分。
The idea that England stands for fish& chips…is past.
There is no doubt that the price of cars will go down.
The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.(不能用if)
(2)连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how在从句中作相应成分。
He can’t answer the question how he got the money.
The question who should go abroad requires consideration.
I have no idea which one I should choose.
I’ve got a pretty good idea why they left early.
The question where we should go has not been discussed.
I have no idea when Jack will be back.
同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
We expressed the hope (that) they had expressed.
我们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种希望。（定语从句）
We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.
我们表示希望他们再来中国访问。（同位语从句）
1） 从语法角度上看，引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何句子成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中作主语或宾语等句子成分。
2） 从语义角度上看，同位语从句与前面的名词hope是同位关系，表示hope的内容是they would come to visit China again。因而同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词作补充说明；而定语从句与它前面的名词是所属关系，表示“…的”（他们曾经表示过的），起修饰作用，因此定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词。
3） 同位语从句的连词that不能省略，而定语从句的关系代词that，当其在从句中作宾语中，可省略，作主语也不可省略。
I’ve heard the news that he visited our factory.
I’ve heard the news that he told you the other day.
The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.
The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.
The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.
The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇3：语法-----名词性从句 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
语法-----名词性从句
编号：081016 姓名：李欣
定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1 引导名词性从句的连接词:
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接连词：that, whether, if , as if ,because不充当从句的任何成分）
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.
连接副词：when, where, how, why
2名词性从句分类：
A: 主语从句
连接连词：______,___________
连接代词：______, ____________, ______，___________, ______, _______,_______
连接副词：______, ____________, ______，___________.
That she was chosen made us very happy.
注意事项：
1）大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match
2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that… 人们相信……
It is known to all that… 从所周知……
It has been decided that… 已决定……
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事实是……
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that…似乎……
It happens that…碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起
注意:主语从句的主谓一致
When and where well go _______ decided. What we need ____ books/ __ water.
B: 宾语从句
连接连词：______, ____________, ___________,
连接代词：______, _____,_______, ______，______,________,.
连接副词：______, ____________, ______，___________,
John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.
I am glad that you are satisfied with your job
注意事项：
a. 时态与语序:
(T/F):1).Do you know where has he put the precious stone?
2).why did he do it wasn’t clear.
3).He told me that he had been born in 1956.
4).he said we’ll have a meeting this afternoon.
b. 形式宾语 it:
1).hate, like, appreciate depend on, see to, take
2).make, feel, consider, believe, think, find
c. if 与whether区别：
通常,引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句用whether不用if
1).It doesn’t matter she will come or not. 2).The problem is she will have enough time.
3)._____________ it is true remains a question.
4).She doubt ________ she will be successful .
5).The question ____________ it is right or wrong depends on situation.
6).We don’t know _____________ or not she was ready.
7).She hasn’t decided ____________ to go.
8).It all depends on _________ they will support us.
9).They are discussing _____ they will hold a party.
10).I don’t care ____you will come.
注意：动词suggest, advise, insist, prefer, request, require, demand, order, command,等词后的宾语从句中, 谓语动词要用虚拟语气, 其构成是“should+动词原形”，其中should可省略
1).It was suggested that more teachers should be sent there to help them.
2).Tom insisted that his leadership be recognized by all the boys.
C: 表语从句
连接连词：______, ____________, ______，___________,
连接代词：______, ______,______, ______，_____,______,
连接副词：______, ____________, ______，___________,
The fact is that he has not been seen recently.
注意: a. 由that引导，that不作成分，只起连接作用。
b、由whether引导表示不确定，由because引导表示原因。
The point is whether we should lend him the money. It is because I have ever heard of the story.
*** The reason why I was late was that I missed the train.
I was late. It/That/This was because I missed the train.
c. what, which, who, whom, whose等连接代词及when, where, how, why等连接副词既引导句子又充当一定的句子成分.
1).The problem is who we can get to replace her. 2).The question is how he did it.
3).That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.
d. as if常与look, seem, sound等连系动词连用.
She looks as if she would cry.
e.在一些表示“建议，劝说，命令”的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气,(should) +do。
My suggestion is that we （should）start early tomorrow.
D: 同位语从句
它一般跟在某些名词后 ，如: idea, news, word, hope, fact, promise, belief, doubt, fear, discovery, chance, possibility…
连接连词：______, ____________,
连接代词：______, ______,______, ______，_____,______,
连接副词：______, ____________, ______，___________,
We heard the news that our team had won the game.
The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
注意:同位语从句一般用whether，that等词引导，常放在名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系。
1).同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等, 关联词多用从属连词that.
Where did you get the idea that I could not come?
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
2).同位语从句意义完整, 应用_____;意义不完整需增加“是否”的含义,应用_________；需要增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用______，________，______等词。
I have no idea __________ he’ll come or not.
The question _____ should do the work requires consideration.
3).表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气（should+动词原形，should可省略）
This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.
The general gave the order that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.
4).同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
a. He has made a promise _____ he will come./… _____ he will stick to.
b. The suggestion _____ we should learn English well is very important for us.
The suggestion _____ Mr.Li gave us on how to Learn English is very important for us.
Practice:
一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：
1. China is no longer what it used to be.
2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.
3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.
4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.
5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.
8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.
9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?
10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.
二、用适当的连词填空：
1. I can’t decide ____________ dictionary I should buy.
2. That’s ____________ he refused my invitation.
3. I am very interested in ____________ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.
4. ____________ we need is more time.
5. The fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.
6. ____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet.
7. Please tell me ____________ you are waiting for.
8. Is that ____________ you are looking for?
9. Would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is?
10. I don’t know ____________ he will agree to the plan or not.
参考答案:一、1、表语从句；2、同位语从句；3、不是；4、主语从句；5、同位语从句；6、不是；7、表语从句；8、宾语从句；9、不是；10、宾语从句
二、1. which; 2. why; 3. how; 4. What; 5. that; 6. when, where; 7. who(m); 8. what; 9. where; 10. whether
掌握较好的＞80% 题号: 分析
掌握一般的60%~80% 题号: 分析
掌握较差的 ＜60% 题号: 分析
难点教学建议
三. 指出下列句子中的名词性从句，并说出连词的句法功能：
1.Who will write the poem has not been decided yet.
2. Don’t ask about what the meeting is for
3. I heard it that he had gone abroad.
4. What surprised us is that he lost in the game.
5. Whatever he did is right
6. What he left us was a large sum of money.
7. They kept it quiet that he was dead.
8. Tell me why you don’t like school.
9. He had a feeling that she might not approve of the plan.
10. Whoever comes will be welcome.
11. He wasn’t sure whether he ought to laugh or cry.
12. The book is where you left it.
13. I took it for granted that you would stay with us.
14. We hope that you will enjoy your stay here.
15. When he will be back depends on the weather.
16. We are certain that this is true.
17. He accepted the fact that she would never come back.
18. Where we live doesn’t matter.
19. I have no doubt that you were telling the truth.
20. That is why he turned me down
21. I feel it a terrible thing that I have to get up so early.
22. The reason was that he didn’t work hard.
23. New York is no longer what it was ten years ago.
24. This is where you are wrong.
25. I hate it when people speak with their mouth full.
26. That’s what makes him an excellent conductor.
27. She came to the conclusion that she must act at once
28.I appreciated it very much that he had done me a favor.
29. Our success depends on / upon how well we can cooperate with one another
30. Nobody can explain the mystery why he suddenly disappeared.
四. 改错
1. It’s uncertain that the experiment is worth doing.
2. All what is hard is to do good all one's life and never do anything bad.
3. What the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.
4. You can't imagine how excited were they when they received these nice Christmas presents.
5. That we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
6. What he really means is what he disagrees with us.
7. Whom is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.
8. When we'll finish translating the book depend on the time.
9. Where will the house be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.
10. If you come or not is up to you.
11. That is what he likes the place so much.
12. That is that Lu Xun once lived.
13. We thought strange that Tom did not come yesterday.
14. The fact which she had not said anything surprised all of us.
15. Can you tell me who is that gentleman?
16. Who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
17. The energy is that makes the cells able to do their work.
18. Jack was soon told why he did was not necessary.
19. Is this what we met each other two years ago?
20. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see who he is.
21. I don't care whether she has no money. I care if she is honest or not.
22. The child is always lying, so none of us will believe no matter what he says.
23. See to that the children don't catch cold.
24. He, that is playing an important part, which is well-known to us all.
25. The boy dived into the water and, after it seemed to be a long time, he came up again.
五. 根据汉语用英语完成句子
1. _______ _______ _______ _______ _______was true.
他偷了一部自行车是真的。
2. The important thing is _______ _______ _______ , but not_______ _______ _______.
重要的是你做什么，而不是说什么。
3. _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ has not been found.
他出生在何时何地还不知道。
4. The problem is _______ _______ ________ ________ to the little boy.
问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。
5. She insisted ________ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ the countryside.
她坚持不被派到农村去。
6. I don’t care about _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______.
我并不在意你是否有钱。
7. He has made _______ _______ _______ he will not give in.
他清楚地表明他不会屈服。
8. We don’t believe _______ _______ ______ _______ _______ ______.
我们相信他不会赢得这场比赛。
9. Nobody knows _______ _______ _______ _______.
没有人知道他来自哪里
10. I couldn’t understand _______ _______ _______ _______.
我不能理解为什么被拒绝了。
11. _______ _______ _______ _______ all the museums will be reopened soon.
据宣布所有的博物馆将在不久重新开放
12. He insisted that he _______ in good health and _______ _______ _______ to work there.
他坚持认为他身体健康，并且坚持要求被派到那儿去工作
13. _______ _______ _______ _______ ______ should turn off the lights.
无论谁最后离开房间都应该关灯。
14. It is known to us all _______ _______ _______ _______ _______, there is harm.
众所周知，哪儿有污染，哪儿就有伤害。
15. The problem is _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______.
问题在于这部电影是否值得一看。
Keys:
1． 指出下列句子中的名词性从句，并说出连词的句法功能：
1. Who will write the poem是主语从句， who 在从句中充当主语
2. what the meeting is for 是宾语从句， what 在从句中充当for的宾语
3. that he had gone abroad. 是宾语从句， that 不充当任何成分
4. What surprised us 是主语从句， what 在从句中充当主语
that he lost in the game. 是表语从句，that 不充当任何成分
5. Whatever he did是主语从句， whatever 在从句中充当宾语
6. What he left us是主语从句，what 在从句中充当宾语
7. that he was dead. 是宾语从句，that 不充当任何成分
8. why you don’t like school是宾语从句， why在从句中充当原因状语
9. that she might not approve of the plan. 是同位语从句，that 不充当任何成分
10. Whoever comes是主语从句， whoever 在从句中充当主语
11. whether he ought to laugh or cry. 是形容词sure 的宾语从句， whether不充当任何成分
12. where you left it. 是表语从句，where在从句中充当地点状语
13. that you would stay with us. 是宾语从句， that 不充当任何成分
14. that you will enjoy your stay here. 是宾语从句， that 不充当任何成分
15. When he will be back是主语从句，when在从句中充当时间状语
16. that this is true是形容词certain 的宾语从句， that不充当任何成分
17 that she would never come back. 是同位语从句，that 不充当任何成分
18. Where we live 是主语从句, where在从句中充当地点状语
19. that you were telling the truth是同位语从句，that 不充当任何成分
20. why he turned me down是表语从句，why在从句中充当原因状语
21. that I have to get up so early. 是宾语从句，that 不充当任何成分
22. that he didn’t work hard. 表语从句，that 不充当任何成分
23. what it was ten years ago. 表语从句，what 在从句中充当表语
24. where you are wrong. 是表语从句, where在从句中充当地点状语
25. when people speak with their mouth full. 是宾语从句，when在从句中充当时间状语
26. what makes him an excellent conductor. 是表语从句, what 在从句中充当主语
27. that she must act at once 是同位语从句，that 不充当任何成分
28. that he had done me a favor. 是宾语从句，that 不充当任何成分
29. how well we can cooperate with one another是宾语从句，how在从句中充当程度状语
30. why he suddenly disappeared是同位语从句，why在从句中充当原因状语
改错
1. that -- whether 2. All what-- all that
3. What--That 4. how excited they were
5. That -- Whether 6. what -- that
7. Whom -- Who 8. depends
9. will the house---the house will 10.If -- Whether
11. what -- why 12.that -- where
13. thought + it 14.which -- that
15. who that gentleman is 16.Who -- Whoever
17. that -- what 18.why后加 what
19. what -- where 20.who it is
21. whether -- that 22.no matter who -- whatever
23. see to + it that 24.that – who; which
25. it -- what
根据汉语用英语完成句子
1. That he stole a bike 2. what you do what you say
3. Where and when he was born 4. what he has done
5. that she not be sent to 6. whether you have money or not
7. it clear that 8. that he will win the game
9. where he is from 10. why I was refused
11. It is announced that 12. was…should be sent
13. Whoever leaves the room last 14.that where there is pollution
15. whether the film is worth seeing
掌握较好的＞80% 题号: 分析
掌握一般的60%~80% 题号: 分析
掌握较差的 ＜60% 题号: 分析
难点教学建议
六.
T/F practice
1. He will come back surprises all of us.
That he will come back surprises all of us.
2. That he really means is what he doesn’t agree with us.
What he really means is that he doesn’t agree with us.
3. The news which our team had won pleased everyone.
The news that our team had won pleased everyone.
4. The reason why he failed in the exam was because he was too careless.
The reason why he failed in the exam was that he was too careless.
5. It is unknown that where we will have the meeting.
It is unknown where we will have the meeting.
6. The problem is when will he come back.
The problem is when he will come back.
7. Could you tell me which was the way to the Science Museum?
Could you tell me which is the way to the Science Museum?
8. If he is an engineer is unknown.
Whether he is an engineer is unknown.
9. I have been worrying about if I have hurt her feelings.
I have been worrying about whether I have hurt her feelings.
10.What he needs are enough time and what I need is enough books.
What he needs is enough time and what I need are enough books.
11.No matter who comes to visit the exhibition is welcome.
Whoever comes to visit the exhibition is welcome.
12.I’ll make known to all that you were not honest.
I’ll make it known to all that you were not honest.
13.He is said that he has gone to America.
It is said that he has gone to America.
14.My suggestion is that we will learn more words by heart.
My suggestion is that we should learn more words by heart.
15.Why we decided to put off the meeting is because we had some difficulty in preparing it.
Why we decided to put off the meeting is that we had some difficulty in preparing it.
掌握较好的＞80% 题号: 分析
掌握一般的60%~80% 题号: 分析
掌握较差的 ＜60% 题号: 分析
难点教学建议
总结:名词性从句一向是NMET中的重要考点.通过对近几年高考试题的分析,我们可以看出NMET名词性从句考点主要有以下六个方面:
考点之一:考查名词性从句中that与what的区别
考例: _______ we can't get seems better than _______ we have.
A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what
考点之二:考查名词性从句中的it作形式主语或形式宾语
考例1: _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
考例2: I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. that C. this D. them
考点之三:考查名词性从句的语序
考例:The photographs will show you _______ .
A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
考点之四:考查名词性从句中的whether, if以及that的区别
考例1: _______ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
考例2: What the doctors really doubt is_____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
考例3: It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning gray.
A. while B. that C. if D. for
考点之五:考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句及其与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别
考例 1:It is generally considered unwise to give a child _______ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
考例2: Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests.
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
考点之六:考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题
考例:It is necessary that a college student ______ at least a foreign language.
A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master
名词性从句专项练习
单项选择:
1. The way he did it was different we were used to . ( 05 江西 )
A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which
2. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ___ silly mistakes I had made. ( 05 湖南 )
A. what B. that C. how D. which
3. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _____ he was a man of action. ( 06 湖南 )
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
4. We haven't settled the question of ______________ it is necessary for him to study abroad. （ 06江苏 ）
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
5. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.（ 06辽宁 ）
A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever
6. See the flags on top of the building? That was we did this morning. （ 06全国I ）
A. when B. which C. where D. what
7. Please remind me he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. （ 06全国I ）
A. where B. when C. how D. what
8. --- What did your parents think about your decision?
--- They always let me do _______ I think I should. （ 06全国III ）
A. when B. that C. how D. what
9. Engines are to machines _________ hearts are to animals. （ 06山东 ）
A. as B. that C. what D. which
10. I just wonder __________ that makes him so excited. （ 06山东 ）
A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is
11. One advantage of playing the guitar is _________ it can give you a great deal of pleasure. （ 06上海 ）
A. how B. why C. that D. when
12. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning ________ his teammates had done. （ 06上海 ）
A. what B. which C. why D. while
13. --- It’s thirty years since we last met.
--- But I still remember the story, believe it or not, __________ we got lost on a rainy
night. （ 06四川 ）
A. which B. that C. what D. when
14. There is much chance Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
（ 06天津 ）
A. that B. which C. until D. if
15. Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class he had to meet his uncle at the airport. （ 06重庆 ）
A. why B. that C. where D. because
16. These shoes look very good. I wonder __________. （ 06上海春季 ）
A. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost
C. how much they cost D. how much are they cost
17. Doris' success lies in the fact _________ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. （ 06上海春季 ）
A. which B. that C. when D. why
18. --- Could you do me a favor?
--- It depends on it is.
A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever
19. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _________ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
20.. Along with the letter was his promise _______ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
21. Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for. （江苏）
A. what B. why C. how D. whether
22. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. （20陕西）
A. That B. Which C. What D. As
23．--------------worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. （年山东）
A．This B．That C．What D．It
64. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ________ it is . （2007年天津）A. what B. which C. how D. where
25. You can only be sure of __you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _____ you might get in the future. . （2007年安徽） A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that
26.It is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself.
A. how B. what C. which D. when（2007年福建）
27 ____ matters most in learning English is enough practice. （2007年国2）
A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which
28. ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. （2007年上海）
A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where
29. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. （2007年上海）
A. when B. why C. whether D. that
30. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs are. （2007年浙江）
A. where B. what C. when D. why
31. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea_____ the party is to be held? (陕西卷)
A. what B. which C. that D. where
32. People in Chongqing are proud of _____they have achieved in the past ten years. （2008重庆）
A. that B. which C. what D. how
33. The last time we had great fun was _____ we were visiting the Water Park. （2008天津卷）
A. where B. how C. when D. why
34. ______was most important to her. she told me, was her family.（2008山东）
A. It B. This C. What D. As
35. When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. (2008湖南卷)
A. what B. why C. whom D. which
36. The companies are working together to create______
they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. （2008北京卷）
A. which B. that C. what D. who
37. The news _____ our athletes won another gold medal was reported In yesterday’s newspaper. (2008上海春招)
A. which B. whether C. what D. that
38. ______ we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled. (2008上海春招)
A. What B. Which C. Whether D. That
39. _____is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.（2008福建）
A. It B. What C. As D. Which
40. As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about ____ he will do or think. (上海卷)
A. what B. which C. whom D. that
41. It has been proved _____ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. (20上海卷)
A. if B. because C. when D. that
参考答案：1 ------ 5 CABCA 6 ------ 10 DBDCD 11 ----- 15 CABAB
16 ------ 20 CBCCB 21-------25 ACDAB 26 ----- 30 BABDA
31-------35 DCCCA 36 ----- 41 CDABAD
掌握较好的＞80% 题号: 分析
掌握一般的60%~80% 题号: 分析
掌握较差的 ＜60% 题号: 分析
难点教学建议
二、名词性从句典型错误
1. That she wants to know is which dress she should buy.
2. He will give up his job surprises all of us.
3. No matter who breaks the law will be punished.
4. If the meeting will be held in our school is not known yet.
5. That worried her a bit was that he couldn’t get in touch with her friend.
6. He is said he has gone to America.
7. She was praised for what had she done.
8. He wants to know I still study English.
9. The reason why I was late was because I missed the train.
10.I have no doubt if we shall be able to do something for you.
三、翻译下列句子，使用适当的名词性从句
1.我们还不能确定他是否能够成功.
2.真奇怪，他竟没有看出自己的缺点.
3.我们听到了我们队获胜这个好消息.
4.我对他告诉我的这个消息很感兴趣.
5.那就是你错的地方。
参考答案
改错：1. That-What 2. 加That 3.No matter who-whoever/Anyone who 4. If-Whether
5. That-What 6. He-It 7. had she-she had 8. know 后加whether/if 9. because-that
10. if-whether
翻译:
1. we are not sure whether/if he will succeed.
2. It is strange that he should have failed to see his own shortcoming.
3. We heard the news that our team had won.
4. I’m interested in the news that he told me.
5. That’s where you are wrong.
掌握较好的＞80% 题号: 分析
掌握一般的60%~80% 题号: 分析
掌握较差的 ＜60% 题号: 分析
难点教学建议
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇4：名词性从句4 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
名词性从句
课型：语法
目的：探索规律，认识从句，使用名词性从句
重点：引导词的选用
难点：定语从句与同位语从句的区别；whether与if 的选用
辅助工具：思维导图
授课流程：
1. 通过例句，归纳概念，认识从句，名词性从句（例句略）
2. 导入名词性从句，种类（例句略）
3. 名词性从句的引导词及使用（例句略）
4. 提出问题，解决问题（例句略）
5. 归纳总结
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇5：定语从句、名词性从句 高考题 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
定语从句、名词性从句
高考题汇编
1. The weather turned out to be very good, _____________ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
2. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _____________ came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
3. The result of the experiment was very good, ____________ we hadn’t expected.
A. when B. that C. which D. what
4. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _____, of course, made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
5. He was very rude to the Customs officer, ____ of course made things even worse.
A. who B. whom C. what D. which
6. Anyway, that evening, _______ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
7. He made another wonderful discovery, _____________ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D. I think which is
8. New York, ____ last year, is a nice old city.
A. that I visited B. which I visited
C. where I visited D. in which I visited
9. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _____________, of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
10. Carol said the work would be done by October, ____ personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
11. Jim passed the driving test, ____ surprised everybody in the office.
A. which B. that C. this D. it
12. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, ____ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
13. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, ____________ was true.
A. he B. this C. which D. who
14. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ____________ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
15. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _____________ many people have gone home.
A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time
16. Mark was a student at this university from to , __________ , he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students' Union.
A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose D. by that time
17. Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ____ we would have lost our way.
A. it B. that C. this D. which
18. He was educated at a local grammar school, _________ he went on to Cambridge.
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this
19. Frank’s dream was to have his own shop ____ to produce the workings of his own hands.
A. that B. in which C. by which D. how
20. I was given three books on cooking, the first _____ I really enjoyed.
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which
21. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ________ are sold abroad .
A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that
22. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of ____________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
A. these B. those C. that D. which
23. The English play _____ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
24. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ______ people were eaten by the tiger.
A. in which B. by which C. which D. that
25. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ______ they are being trained.
A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which
26.I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction ____ she had come.
A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which
27. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _____________ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
28. Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
29. I don’t like _____________ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that
C. the way which D. the way of which
30. What surprised me was not what he said but ____________ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
31. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _____________ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
32. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _____________ in the forest.
A. once they grew B. they grew once
C. that once grew D. once grew
33. I work in a business ______________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how B. which C. where D. that
34. There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
35. A fast food restaurant is the place __________, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.
A. which B. where C. there D. what
36. -Is that the small town you often refer to?
-Right, just the one you know I used to work for years.
A. that B. which C. where D. what
37. If a shop has chairs____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
38. We are just trying to reach a point __ both sides will sit down together and talk.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
39. I can think of many cases ____ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
A. why B. which C. as D. where
40. We’re just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
41. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ____ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where B. which C. while D. why
42. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums and some other places, ____ other visitors seldom go.
A. what B. which C. where D. when
43. Carol said the work would be done by October, ____________ personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
44. Do you still remember the chicken farm we visited three months ago?
A. where B. when C. that D. what
45. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ____ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
A. that B. while C. which D. when
46. We are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer.
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
47. The famous basketball star, _____________ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
A. where B. when C. which D. who
48. The gentleman _____________ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom
49. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ they can talk frequently.
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
50. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _____we gave some bells and glasses.
A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which
51. I have many friends, ________ some are businessmen.
A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom
52. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ____ Chinese in school, most ____ were from Germany.
A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom
53. - Why does she always ask you for help?
- There is no one else ______, is there?
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to
C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
54. Women ____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ___ don’t.
A. who; / B. /; who C. who; who D. /; /
55. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house _______ roof is under repair.
A. whoseB. which C. of which D. that
56. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ____ leading actor is world-famous/
A. its B. it’s C. whose D. which
57. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ________ effects people are still suffering.
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
58. George Orwell, ____ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name
59. He is the only one of the students who ____ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
60. These houses are sold at such a low price _____________ people expected.
A. like B. as C. that D. which
61. ____________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
62. ______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
63. ____ is one belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.
A. As B. That C. This D. It
64. ________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
65. ____________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.
A. When B. After C. As D. Since
66. The Beatles, __ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
A. what B. that C. how D. as
67. ---- Do you remember ____ he came?
---- Yes, I do. He came by car.
A. how B. when C. that D. if
68. I remember ____ this used to be a quiet village.
A. when B. how C. where D. what
69. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ____.
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
70. I know nothing about the young lady, ____ she is from Beijing.
A. except B. except for C. except that D. besides
71. The suit fitted him well ____ the color was a little brighter.
A. except for B. except that C. except when D. besides
72. Parents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’s future.
A. that B. how C. such D. so
73. The old lady’s hand shook frequently. She explained to her doctor ______ this shaking had begun half a year before, and _____, only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job.
A. when; how B. how; when C. how; how D. why; why
74. These wild flowers are so special I would do _____ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. thatC. which D. whichever
75. The poor young man is ready to accept ____ help he can get.
A．whichever B．however C．whatever D．whenever
76. Eat ____ cake you like and leave the others for ____ comes in late.
A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever
77. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ____ shares her interests.
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
78. A computer can only do_________ you have instructed it to do.
A. how B. after C. what D. when
79. -I think it’s going to be a big problem.
-Yes, it could be.
-I wonder we can do about it.
A. if B. how C. what D. that
80. I think Father would like to know ____ I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.
A. which B. why C. what D. how
81. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _____ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
82. We haven’t settled the question of ____ it is necessary for him to study abroad.
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
83. It is a matter of ____ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
84. --- Could you do me a favor?
--- It depends on ____ it is.
A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever
85. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly ____ he wants.
A. what B. which C. when D. that
86. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
87. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ______ he thought was not enough.
A. where B. how C. what D. which
88. A modern city has been set up in ______ was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
89. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ___ silly mistakes I had made.
A. what B. that C. how D. which
90. The way he did it was different we were used to.
A．in which B．in what C．from what D．from which
91. The road is covered with snow. I can’t understand______ they insist on going by motor-bike.
A. why B. whether C. when D. how
92. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _____it is rough or smooth.
A. / B. whether C. how D. what
93. Please remind me ____ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.
A. where B. when C. how D. what
94. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _____ he was a man of action.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
95. We can’t figure out ____ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.
A. that B. as C. why D. when
96. As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when ____ and see him.
A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come
97. Mum is coming. What present ____ for your birthday?
A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she got
C. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got
98. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ____ silly mistakes I had made.
A. what B. that C. how D. which
99. ---- What did your parents think about your decision?
---- They always let me do ____ I think I should.
A. when B. that C. how D. what
100. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he had done the day before.
A. that B. how C. where D. what
101. It is pretty well understood ____ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in the out the atmosphere today.
A. that B. when C. what D. how
102. ____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.
A. what is required B. what requires C. It is required D. It requires
103. ____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
104. ____ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A. what B. who C. whatever D. whoever
105. ____ we can’t get seems better than ____ we have.
A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what
106. ____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
107. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _______ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.
A. where B. what C. that D. how
108. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _______ it was?
A．where B．what C．how D．which
109. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter _____ I’m talking to.
A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom
110. ____ team wins on Saturday will do through to the national championships.
A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever
111. ____ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
112. A warm thought suddenly came to me ________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.
A. ifB. whenC. thatD. which
113. A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
A. when B. where C. what D. that
114. Along with the letter was his promise _______ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
115. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt __ a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
116. Danby left word with my secretary ______he would call again in the afternoon.
A．who B．that C．as D．which
117. Do you have any idea ________ is actually going on in the classroom?
A．that B．what C．as D．which
118. --- It’s thirty years since we last met.
--- But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ___ we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
119. Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class ____ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
A. why B. thatC. where D. because
120. There’s a feeling in me ____ we’ll never know what a UFO is – not ever.
A. that B. which C. of which D. what
121. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____ road conditions need ____.
A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved
C. where; improving D. when; improving
122. There is much chance ____ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
A. that B. which C. until D. if
123. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I disagree.
A. why B. where C. what D. how
124. See the flags on the top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.
A. when B. which C. where D. what
125. Perseverance is a kind of quality ---- and that’s ____ it takes to do anything well.
A. what B. that C. which D. why
126. ---- Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
---- Oh, that’s ____
A. what makes me fell excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
127. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---- Is that ____ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
128. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. ____ I got wet through.
A. It’s the reason B. That’s why C. There’s why D. It’s how
129. Is this the reason ______________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
130. I can think of many cases _____________ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
A. why B. which C. as D. where
131. The place _______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be ________the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which
132. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ______ it was 20 years ago, _____ it was so poorly equipped.
A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that
133. It was not until she got home _____ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.
A. when B. that C. where D. before
134. I just wonder _____ that makes him so excited.
A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is
135. If you are traveling ______ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.
A. in which B. what C. when D. where
136. In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help _____ there is human suffering.
A. whoever B. however C. whatever D. wherever
137. --- Do you have anything to say for yourselves?
--- Yes, there’s one point _____ we must insist on.
A. why B. whereC. how D. /
138. ---- Don’t you think it necessary that he ____ to Miami but to New York?
---- I agree, but the problem is ____ he has refused to.
A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what
定语从句、名词性从句
强化训练
1. Is there a bar around _____I can have something to eat?
A. that B. what C. which D. where
2. I’ll talk about a newly-opened market ______ you may get all _______ you need.
A. in which; which B. where; that
C. where; what D. which; that
3. We travelled together as far as Chicago, _____ we said goodbye to each other.
A. which B. when C. why D. where
4. With the development of agriculture, the people _______ village I taught before have lived a happy life.
A. who B. whose C. in whose D. in which
5. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place _____ you may spend your weekend.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
6. China is the birthplace of kites, _____ kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
A. from that B. from where C. from there D. from here
7. Earth is a rocky planet ______ liquid water, which is necessary for life, can exist.
A. which B. as C. where D. when
8. He has lost the key to the drawer _____ the papers are kept.
A. where B. on which C. under which D. which
9. Antarctic _____ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which B. where C. that D. about which
10. EBay, Amazon and Wal-Mart are popular websites ______ people can sell goods to each other.
A. where B. which C. when D. whose
11. We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou, _____ live my grandparents and some relatives.
A. which B. that C. who D. where
12. We should get more teachers into the schools ____ they are most needed, namely, in the western areas of our country.
A. which B. where C. when D. while
13. In experiments ____ young teens are allowed to sleep as long as they want, they tend to sleep an average of 9 hours.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
14. The general at last got a chance to visit the village _____ he used to fight, _____ he had been dreaming of for years.
A. that; which B. where ; that C. in which ; what D. where; which
15. Can you think of some cases ______ drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didn’t obey them?
A. why B. where C. as D. which
16. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point______ he can walk correctly and safely.
A. when B. which C. where D. whose
17. The oral interpretation, according to Ella Leung, a judge in the competition, is designed to test the degree ____ an interpreter has been “exposed” to English.
A. to that B. with which C. with whom D. to which
18. Mr. White will come to the party on Sunday, ____ he promise to every one of us.
A. when B. that C. what D. which
19. The house, _____ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.
A. the roof of which B. which roof C. its roof D. the roof
20. Edison made a lot of inventions, ____ of great importance.
A. which I think are B. which I think they are
C. which I think they D. I think which are
21. It was such a serious mistake, _____ caused by carelessness.
A. which I think was B. which I think it was
C. I think which was D. I think which it was
22. The human are destroying nature day by day, ______ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.
A. who B. when C. on which D. which
23. This is the largest clock in the world, ____ the minute hand is six metres long.
A. that B. of which C. which D. whose
24. My glasses, _____ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
A. which B. with which C. without which D. that
25. The buses, _____ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
A. most of that B. which most C. most of which D. that most
26. There are two rooms on the first floor, ______ is used as a guest room.
A. a smaller of which B. a smaller of them
C. the smaller of which D. the small of them
27. His factory produces half a million MP4 every year, 80% ____ are sold abroad.
A. of which B. of whose C. of them D. of that
28. You may call on me from one to five o’clock, during _____ I am always at home.
A. the time B. what time C. that time D. which time
29. The fence in our garden, _____ my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time.
A. that B. which C. what D. where
30. His sister had become a teacher, ______ was what he wanted to be.
A. who B. what C. that D. which
31. The Second World War _____ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.
A. when B. during that C. in which D. which
32. There are moments in life ______ you miss someone so much that you just want to pick them up from dreams and hug them for real.
A. where B. how C. why D. when
33. I gave him a warning, _____ he turned a deaf ear.
A. of which B. for which C. to that D. to which
34. Mr. Crossett will never forget the day _____ he spent with his various students.
A. when B. which C. during which D. on which
35. ---- Did you remember the days ____ we worked on the farm?
---- Certainly. Especially the hard times ____ we spent together.
A. which; when B. when; which C. when; when D. which; which
36. A basketball weighs more after air is put in, ____ proves that air has weight.
A. as B. it C. that D. which
37. A war is so cruel that it always causes great losses, ______ has happened in Iraq and other countries.
A. what B. as C. which D. one
38. _____ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.
A. Which B. As C. That D. It
39. It’s known to us ______ there is pollution, there is harm.
A. that B. where C. what D. that where
40. He must be from Africa, _____ can be seen from his skin.
A. that B. as C. it D. what
41. _____, the compass was first made in China.
A. It is know to all B. It is known that
C. We all know D. As is known to all
42. ____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. it B. As C. That D. What
43. I have bought the same dress _____ she is wearing.
A. as B. that C. which D. than
44. If Ken comes late, ____ is usual for another time, we’ll not receive him any more.
A. which B. that C. it D. as
45. “I’d like to give my thanks to those ____ help my son will be able to survive his terrible disease,” said the woman on TV.
A. who B. that C. with whose D. with their
46. She is one of the few girls who _____ passed the examination.
A. was B. were C. has D. have
47. A football fan is _____ has a strong interest in football.
A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what
48. I, ____ your friend, will try my best to help you out.
A. which are B. which is C. who is D. who am
49. On my way home in the street I saw a lady ___ I thought was your aunt.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
50. A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. who B. who’s C. whose D. which
51. He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies.
A. whom B. who C. when D. because
52. I will hire the man _____ they say is a good English speaker.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
53. He has two sons, _____ work as chemists.
A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom
54. The car ran into a crowd of middle school students, ____ to hospital immediately.
A. two of whom sent B. two of them sent
C. two of whom are sent D. two of them sending
55. He is a man of great experience, _____ much can be learned.
A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom
56. The CCTV Tower, _____ base is an electrical equipment shop, is frequently visited by many travelers.
A. which B. whose C. its D. that
57. He is such a lazy man ______ nobody wants to work with ______.
A. as; his B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him
58. The hotel _____ during our holidays stands by the seaside.
A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed
59. Is this museum _____ some German friends visited last Wednesday?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
60. Is this the museum _____ you visited the other day?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
61. The matter _____ you were arguing about last night has been settled.
A. that B. what C. why D. for which
62. Will you please show me the way to the only tall building _______ stands near the post office?
A. / B. in which C. that D. where
63. Both the girl and her dog ____ were crossing the street were hit by a coming car.
A. which B. who C. they D. that
64. Is this just the city ____ the foreign guests wish to pay a visit _____.
A. which, to B. to which, / C. that, to D. to that, /
65. It’s one of the most interesting stories _____ I have _____ read
A. which, never B. that, ever C. that, never D. which, ever
66. I remember that ____ took part in the ball party had a wonderful time.
A. all B. all that C. all which D. all what
67. I’ll tell you _____ he told me last night.
A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all
68. He was so angry at all _____ he was doing ____ he walked out.
A. what; what B. that; that C. that; what D. what; what
69. “We’ll make public schools ______ can be”, said the President in the speech.
A. all they B. what it C. that they D. all it
70. All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs.
A. that B. those C. which D. what
71. They asked him to tell them everything _____ he saw at the front.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
72. Which sentence is wrong?
A. The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.
B. Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform?
C. Science and new technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same amount of land.
D. People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth.
73. This is just the place _____ I am longing to visit these years.
A. that B. where C. in which D. to where
74. Is that the reason _____ you are in favor of the proposal?
A. which B. what C. why D. for that
75. I’ve got to make ____ he told a lie.
A. that clear B. it clear that C. quite clear D. this clear that
76. There are many things in different areas ____ we can do to reduce the possible dangers of AIDS.
A. where B. there C. what D. that
77. The reason why she couldn’t come to the meeting was_____ she had not been invited.
A. because B. which C. that D. why
78. America was______ was first called “India” by Columbus.
A. what B. Where C. the place D. there where
79. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just _______ worries the public.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
80. What the doctor really doubts is _____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
81. Go and get your coat. It’s ______ you left it.
A. there B. where C. there where D. where there
82. Water will continue to be_____ it is today---next to oxygen in importance.
A. how B. which C. as D. that
83. Air is to us ______water is to fish.
A. that B. what C. where D. how
84. ---Do you know _____Mr. Black’s address is?
---He may live at No.18 or No.19 of Bridge Street. I’m not sure of ______.
A. what; which B. Where; which C. where; what D. what; where
85. --- I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply.
--- Oh, that was probably ____ I was seeing the doctor.
A. when B. why C. what D. that
86. The mountain is no longer ____ it used to be.
A. which B. that C. what D. as
87. The difficulty we now meet with is _____ we can persuade him to tell us the truth.
A. whether B. that C. what D. how
88. ---Have you found Jack?
---Yes, he is _____ you told me to go.
A. where B. which C. what D. when
89. Being a good listener is a kind of quality and that’s ____ it takes to keep friendship.
A. how B. what C. which D. where
90. Have you thought about ____ to give her as a present?
A. what B. who C. which D. where
91. I used to work in a nursery before so I know ____ to expect in this new job.
A. what B. how C. why D. whatever
92. Many of the creatures in Rowling’s world are not real, and much of ______ happens is strange.
A. which B. that C. what D. it
93. Native American from the southeastern part of ______ is now the United States believed that the universe in which they lived was made up of three worlds.
A. that B. which C. where D. what
94. --- How do you like the book?
--- It’s quite different from _____ I read last month.
A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what
95. ---- Can you see the Jinsha Museum from ____ you are standing?
---- Yes, and it’s really well designed.
A. where B. which C. the place D. here
96. You can’t imagine ______when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
97. First you must tell me______.
A. what is the size of the room B. how big the size the room is
C. How big the room is D. What size room is it
98. ---Would you like to have a swim with us in the sea?
---I will ask my parents_______.
A. whether they will agree to go B. if they let me go
C. if they will let me go D. whether they allow me to go
99. Remember ______ this used to be a quiet village.
A. when B. how C. where D. what
100. At least the soldiers reached ______ the locals called the Golden Triangle.
A. that B. where C. when D. what
101. He was lucky enough to sell his car for exactly ______.
A. where he had paid for it B. what he had paid for it
C. what he was paid for it D. which he had paid for it
102. ---Do you mind if Jim will come to help?
---I really don’t know ______ a person like him can help me with.
A. what B. that C. how D. if
103. We don’t know ______.
A. this is whose dictionary B. whose dictionary is this
C. whose dictionary this is D. whose is this dictionary
104. Each blind man believed ____ he knew just ____ the elephant looked like.
A. that; what B. what; that C. that; that D. what; what
105. It is said that the famous football star is willing to play for _______ would pay him three million dollars a year.
A. anyone B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever
106. They decided to turn to _____ can help him out of difficulty.
A. whose B. who C. whoever D. those
107. The chief manager has decided to put ______ he thinks is energetic, clever, and has good qualities in the position of the leader ship of the company.
A. those who B. anyone C. whomever D. whoever
108. ---_____ can I do with such a situation?
---Take _____ measure you consider best.
A. How; whichever B. What; whatever C. How; whatever D. What; whichever
109. ---Can I sit in the front row?
---Yes. You can take _____ seat you like.
A. whatever B. what C. whichever D. which
110. It’s the third time _____ late this month.
A. that you arrived B. when you arrived
C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived
111. I really hate ____ if all of you refuse to accept his invitation.
A. that B. this C. it D. which
112. He insisted that what he did______ completely right.
A. was B. be C. should be D. had been
113. My father has made me _____ I am.
A. who B. which C. what D. that
114._____ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
115.______his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.
A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if
116._____gone is gone. _____ no use talking about it any more.
A. That’s; It’s B. What’s; It’s C. It’s; That’s D. That’s; That’s
117.______ is known to us all is that the earth is smaller than the sun.
A. What B. As C. Which D. It
118. In some countries, ______ are called “public schools” are not owned by the state.
A. that B. which C. as D. what
119. ______ is Britain now used to be three different countries and over many years the three countries became one.
A. It B. Where C. What D. As
120. In some countries, ____ is called “equality” does not really mean equal rights for all people.
A. which B. that C. what D. one
121. _____ she said suggested that she hadn’t decided _____ to go or not.
A. What; if B. That; whether C. What; whether D. What; whichever
122.______do you think is the best doctor in the hospital?
A. Whom B. What C. Who D. Whose
123. _______ beat Xiao Wang black and blue is not known.
A. Whom B. Whoever C. Who D. What
124. ______ would like to devote his whole life to his country should go _____ there are all kinds of difficulties.
A. Who; somewhere B. Whoever; where C. Whatever; anywhere D. Who; there
125._____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
126. ---Who cooks supper at your home? Your mother?
---Oh! ____ gets home first is to cook supper.
A. Who B. Whom C. Those who D. Whoever
127.______you don’t like him is none of my business.
A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
128. ________ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
A. What B. That C. This D. Which
129. _______ she was sick, I was expected to take her place greatly surprised me, for I didn’t have much work experience.
A. That if B. That C. If that D. If
130. ___ the boy didn’t take the medicine made his mother very angry.
A. That B. What C. How D. Which
131. ---I saw your neighbor break your window with a stone.
---___ it made me really mad.
A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break
132. ____ we go swimming every day _____ us a lot of good.
A. If, do B. That, do C. Whether, does D. That , does
133._______ get such a book?
A. Where do you think can I B. Do you think where can I
C. Do you think where I can D. Where do you think I can
134. ____ is not known yet.
A. What time she has gone B. Where she has gone
C. How did she leave D. Why did she go
135. It is doubtful _____ he knows it or not.
A. whether B. what C. when D. that
136. It is said ________ was how the Chinese first raised silk worms.
A. that, what B. that, which C. that who D. that that
137. It is suggested that no one ______ to work in areas hit by SARS.
A. be sent B. is sent C. will be sent D. sends
138. It makes good sense ____ people are growing more crops so that fewer people will die from starvation.
A. that B. what C. whether D. which
139. It is not yet clear _______ of those will be chosen to do the job.
A. that B. whom C. whoever D. which
140. ---- I don’t think ____ was reported in yesterday’s newspaper is true.
---- Neither do I.
A. what B. that C. anything D. everything
141. There is a feeling in her ____ she’ll be chosen to attend the conference on behalf of her company.
A. which B. of which C. what D. that
142. Have you heard the news ____ the Chinese athletes won 165 gold medals at the 15th Asian Games?
A. whether B. what C. which D. that
143. The rumor ____ French president Nicolas Sarkozy and his wife ended their marriage turned out to be true.
A. which B. who C. what D. that
144. I have no doubt ______ he will finish the task in time.
A. whether B. that C. if D. what
145. He made a promise ______ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.
A. that B. if C. what D. that if
146. One of the men held the view ______ the book said was right.
A. that what B. what that C. that D. whether
147. The question came up at the meeting _____ we had not enough money to do the research.
A. whether B. that C. if D. what
148. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ______ road conditions need to be improved.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
149. Word came ____his poem won the first prize.
A. that B. whether C. as D. because
150. They have no idea at all ____.
A. where he has gone B. where did he go
C. which place had he gone D. where has he gone
151. His suggestion ____ to see the exhibition interested every one of us.
A. that we go B. which we should go
C. that we would go D. when we should go
152. He made a suggestion that we ____ early.
A. started B. should be started C. start D. would start
153. Although he knew little about the work done in the field of physics, he succeeded ______other experienced experts failed.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
154. Father made a promise _______ I passed the examination he would buy me a bicycle.
A. that B. if C. whether D. that if
155. He is not _____ a fool _____.
A. such ; as he is looked B. such ; as he looks
C. as ; as he is looked D. so ; as he looks
156. Although most of them have no doubt ____ he will pass the exam, I still think there is something about _____ he has really got everything ready.
A. whether; that B. that; whether C. that; that D. whether; whether
157. It was _____ he said _______ disappointed me most.
A. what, that B. that, that C. what, what D. that , what
158. ---I can’t find Mr. Smith. Where did you meet him this morning?
---It was in his office _____ he worked.
A. where B. which C. that D. the one
159. The reason ______ he raised for being late with the exercise was _____ he had to send his mother to school.
A. that; that B. why; because C. why; that D. that; because
160. That art centre is ______ used to be a factory, ______ millions of tractors were made.
A. what; where B. where; where C. what; which D. where; which
161. Was it in the beautiful park ___ was located by the sea ____ we first met our new Chinese teacher?
A. where; which B. which; which C. that; that D. which; where
162. Was it through Betty, ____ was working at a high school, ____ you get to know Tonny?
A. who; who B. who; that C. that; which D. who; which
163. ____ worried the doctors most was ____they could find the cause of the disease.
A. What; how B. That; that C. What; what D. How; what
164. Dr. Richards told me ____ the test results showed ____ I was suffering from a serious disease ____ I can’t imagine.
A. what; that; that B. that; which; what C. that; that; that D. which; what; that
165. ____ is it ____ Hawking does not like about his speech computer?
A. What; which B. What; what C. What; that D. That; that
166. ---- Have you got used to the college life here?
---- Yes, but I don’t like ____ when we have to do exercises on cold winter morning.
A. that B. it C. those D. this
167. ---- What do you think of the book Harry Potter?
---- Harry Potter is a world of magic and wonders, ____ anything can happen.
A. that which B. the one where C. one which D. one where
168. ---- How unhappy your roommate looks!
---- Yes, but he’s not willing to tell me what it is ____ is troubling him.
A. what B. which C. as D. that
169. The news ____ is spreading around the airport is ____ a big snowstorm will come attacking.
A. which; which B. /; that C. that; which D. that; that
170. Mr. Frank asked me a question ____ I could go with him to ____ he called the Treasure House the next week.
A. that; which B. whether; that C. whether; what D. that; where
171. For many seniors in some universities, the final year can be an unpleasant experience, ____ that ends the campus romance.
A. which B. the one C. what D. one
172. Of one thing I am concerned ____ hard work contributes to good results.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
173. Today the view ____ education should be about more than scores is widely held by both teachers and students.
A. how B. what C. that D. why
174. Many standardized tests in our life turned out to be simple, ____ beyond expectations.
A. which was B. they are C. which were D. it is
175. ---- On the contrary, I think it is the mother, rather than her children, ____ to blame.
---- I agree with you.
A. what is B. that is C. who are D. that are
176. ---- How is the case/
---- A hair and some drops of blood were found, in the light of ___ the murderer will soon be found out.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
177. ---- I told him to take ____ he considered helpful to him and his family from everything ____ I was having then.
---- You were really kind to him.
A. what; what B. what; whichever C. whatever; that D. whichever; that
178. If the project should be delayed for a day, ___ would mean we would be fined $ 100,000.
A. that B. as C. which D. and it
179. When I try to understand ____ it is that prevents so man Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me ____ there are quite a few causes.
A. why; that B. which; as C. what; that D. whether; since
180. Though there are few Chinese ____ have heard of the Great Wall, many of them haven’t been there yet.
A. as B. who C. but D. that
181. He, as a member of the Communist Party, always thinks of ____ he can do more for the people.
A. what B. if C. why D. how
182. Jane’s father has bought her a nice sports car, ____ we all know it.
A. as B. which C. that D. and
183. At present teenagers prefer going to the net bar, ____ as is known to some of them, they can chat with their friends or play games, ____ some more reading.
A. which; rather than do B. which; doing C. where; to doing D. where; to do
184. The task required ____ did it ____ careful and brave enough.
A. who; is B. whom; was C. whomever; were D. whoever, be
185. As we know, every minute ____ full use of ____ our lessons will do good to our students.
A. which makes; studying B. when made; to study
C. that is made; study D. that is made; studying
186. Never should we forget about the war in Iraq and the sufferings ____ caused to the people there.
A. it B. which C. that D. what
187. A similar trick is used in so-called “bait-and-switch” ads, ____ is the customer is shown one product (the bait) and then given another.
A. it B. that C. which D. what
188. Perhaps that is the only point ___ I completely agree.
A. that B. which C. with which D. where
定语从句、名词性从句
高考题汇编
1-5 BCCDD 6-10 DABBD 11-15 ADCAD 16-20ADCBB 21-25 ADCAD
26-30 DBDAA 31-35 BCCAB 36-40 CDADA 41-45 ACBCD 46-50 DDBDB
51-55 DDBCA 56-60 CBDDB 61-65 BBDDC 66-70 DAADC 71-75BBCAC
76-80 CCCCC 81-85 CCACA 86-90 BCAAC 91-95 ABBBC 96-100 ACADD
101-105 CCDAA 106-110 ABDBD 111-115 BCDBB 116-120 BBBBA
121-125 AABDA 126-130 AABAD 131-135 CABDD 136-138 DDB
定语从句、名词性从句
强化训练
1-5 DBDCD 6-10 BCADA 11-15 DBDDB 16-20 CDDAA 21-25 ADBCC
26-30 CADBD 31-35 CDDBB 36-40 DBBDB 41-45 DBADC 46-50 DCDAC
51-55 BABCD 56-60 BCADA 61-65 ACDCB 66-70 BDBAA 71-75 BAACB
76-80 DCAAC 81-85 BCBAA 86-90 CDABA 91-95 ACDCA 96-100 BCCAD
101-105 BACAD 106-110 CDBCC 111-115 CACBB 116-120 BADCC
121-125 CCCBD 126-130 DCBAA 131-135 ADDBA 136-140 DAADA
141-145 DDDBD 146-150 ABAAA 151-155 ACDDB 156-160 BAAAA
161-165 CBACC 166-170 BDDDC 171-175 DDCAB 176-180 BCACC
181-185 DDCDB 186-188 ABD
定语从句、名词性从句
高考题汇编
1-5 BCCDD 6-10 DABBD 11-15 ADCAD 16-20ADCBB 21-25 ADCAD
26-30 DBDAA 31-35 BCCAB 36-40 CDADA 41-45 ACBCD 46-50 DDBDB
51-55 DDBCA 56-60 CBDDB 61-65 BBDDC 66-70 DAADC 71-75BBCAC
76-80 CCCCC 81-85 CCACA 86-90 BCAAC 91-95 ABBBC 96-100 ACADD
101-105 CCDAA 106-110 ABDBD 111-115 BCDBB 116-120 BBBBA
121-125 AABDA 126-130 AABAD 131-135 CABDD 136-138 DDB
定语从句、名词性从句
强化训练
1-5 DBDCD 6-10 BCADA 11-15 DBDDB 16-20 CDDAA 21-25 ADBCC
26-30 CADBD 31-35 CDDBB 36-40 DBBDB 41-45 DBADC 46-50 DCDAC
51-55 BABCD 56-60 BCADA 61-65 ACDCB 66-70 BDBAA 71-75 BAACB
76-80 DCAAC 81-85 BCBAA 86-90 CDABA 91-95 ACDCA 96-100 BCCAD
101-105 BACAD 106-110 CDBCC 111-115 CACBB 116-120 BADCC
121-125 CCCBD 126-130 DCBAA 131-135 ADDBA 136-140 DAADA
141-145 DDDBD 146-150 ABAAA 151-155 ACDDB 156-160 BAAAA
161-165 CBACC 166-170 BDDDC 171-175 DDCAB 176-180 BCACC
181-185 DDCDB 186-188 ABD
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇6：如何学好名词性从句 (人教版高三英语上册教学论文)
如何学好名词性从句
沈永铭
名词性从句是连贯初中到高中的英语重点语法概念，也是历年高考英语考试的一个考查热点。纵观历年高考英语试题，我们就能发现：高考英语对于名词性从句考查的重点就是名词性从句的引导词的选择、引导词之间的区别、名词性从句的陈述语序以及主从句时态基点一致性原则等。本文结合高考实际，重点给同学们谈一下如何掌握好名词性从句的问题。
一、什么是名词性从句？
在主从复合句中，不修饰任何句子中的成分而独立存在的从句就是名词性从句。名词性从句包括：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位于从句；名词性从句由连接代词和连接副词引导。
（一）主语从句
在主从复合句中位于谓语之前、充当主语功能的从句叫做主语从句。引导主语从句的连接词常有：连词that， whether；连接代词who，what，which以及其强调形式whoever，whatever， whichever；和连接副词when，where，how， why等。例如：
1． ____ fashion differs from country to country may reflect a cultural difference from one aspect．（春季上海）
A．What B．That C．This D．Which
2． ____ she couldn't understand was ________fewer and fewer students showed interests in her lessons．（上海）
A．What；why B．That；what C．What；because D．Why；that
3． ____has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising．（99上海）
A．Who B．The one C．Anyone D．Whoever
4． ____ we can't get seems better than ____ we have．（NMET96）
A．What；what B．What；that C．That；that D．That；what
5． ____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather．（NMET96）
A．If B．Whether C．That D．Where
6． ____ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present．（MET93）
A．What B．That C．The fact D．The m atter
7． ____ you don't like him is none of my business．（92上海）
A．What B．Who C．That D．Whether
另外，当主语从句位于句首时，句子整体常常显得很笨重。因此，我们一般要把从句放在句末，前面用引导词it作形式主语，主语从句在复合句中充当真正主语。例如：
8．It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey．（MET92）
A．while B．that C．if D．for
（二）表语从句
在主从复合句中，位于连系动词之后且充当表语的从句叫做表语从句。引导表语从句的连接词常有：连词that， whether；连接代词who，what，which；连接副词when，where，how，why以及其它连词as if，as though，because等。例如：
9．What the doctors really doubt is____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon．（春季上海）
A．when B．how C．whether D．why
10．-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week．
-Is that ____ you had a few days off？（NMET99）
A．why B．when C．what D．where
11．Go and get your coat．It's____ you left it．（MET92）
A．there B．where C．there where D．where there
12．I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella．____I got wet all through．（98上海）
A．It's the reason B．That's why C．There's why D．It's how
（三）同位语从句
在主从复合句中用充当同位语、说明所修饰的同位名词的内容的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句通常用在idea，news，fact，thought, promise，suggestion，belief，truth，reason,chance,information,news,conclusion,possibility, question,ask,doubt,wonder等同位名词的后面，说明该名词所表示的具体内容。引导同位语从句的连接词常有：连词that，连接副词how， when，where等.。
He left me a message that he would buy me a ticket to the rock concert.
13．Information has been put forward____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities．（2001上海）
A． While B．that C．when D．as
（四）宾语从句
在主从复合句中充当宾语、位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句叫做宾语从句。引导宾语从句的连接词常有：连词that，whether，if；连接代词who，which，what以及其强调形式 whoever，whichever，whatever；连接副词 when，where，why，how等。例如：
14．When you answer questions in a job interview，please remember the golden rule：Always give the money exactly____ he wants．（春季上海）
A．what B．which C．when D．that
15．-I think it's going to be a big problem ．-Yes，it could be．
-I wonder ____ we can do about it．（2002春季）
A．if B．how C．what D．that
16．A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do．（NMET2001）
A．how B．after C．what D．when
17．Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster____ he had done the day before．
A．that B．how C．where D．what
18．These wild flowers are so special that I would do ____ I can to save them ．（2000春季）
A．whatever B．that C．which D．whichever
19．Eat ____ cake you like and leave the others for ____ comes in late．（2000春季上海）
A．any；who B．every；whoever C．whichever；whoever D．either；whoever
20．It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants．（NMET97）
A．however B．whatever C．whichever D．whenever
21．Sarah hopes to become a friend of ____shares her interests．（95上海）
A．anyone B．whom ever C．whoever D．no m atter who
二、在学习名词性从句时还要注意的几方面事项：
1、 在名词性从句中，当从句是疑问句时无比要遵循陈述语序的原则。例如：
22.No one can be sure ____ in a million years.(MET91)
A.what man will look like B.what will man look like
C.man will look like what D.what look will man like
23.____ is unknown to me.
A.Where does he live B.Where he lives C.He lives where D.Where he lives in
24．Someone is ringing the doorbell．Go and see ____．（2000上海）
A．who is he B．who he is C．who is it D．who it is
24．Can you make sure ____the gold ring ？（MET90）
A． where Alice had put B．where had Alice put
C．where Alice has put D．where has Alice put
25．You can't imagine ____ when they received these nice Christmas presents．（94上海）
A．how they were excited B．how excited they were
C．how excited were they D．they were how excited
2、what和that引导名词性从句时的区别。that引导名词性从句时只起连接词作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中不作任何成分； what引导名词性从句时本身有意义，即表示“什么”或“所……的事物”（＝the thing（s） which），同时又在从句中担任一定的成分,；在从句中指物或指事，作主语、表语、宾语或定语。短语动词do with就只能与what连用。
2、 if和whether引导名词性从句时的区别。if和whether都可以用来引导名词性从句，但引导主语从句（位于句首时）、表语从句、同位语从句以及在介词之后引导宾语从句时要用whether，而不用if。
(1)if ,whether表“是否”时引导名词性从句；if表“如果”时引导条件状语从句；whether表“无论是否；不管是否”时引导让步状语从句。
例26：The WTO cannot live up to its name ____ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.(NMET2000) A.whether B.while C.if D.even though
析：选C，句意为：“如果世贸组织不包括占世界人口五分之一的国家，就显得名不副实”。
例27：____ you will go there or not,I'll go there.
A.Whether B.If C.Unless D.While
析：选A，因为该句句意为：“无论你是否去，我都会去那里”。
4． who与whoever，what与whatever引导名词性从句时的区别。whoever引导名词性从句时相当于anyone who，those who。 whatever引导名词性从句时相当于anything that。试比较以下句子：
（1） Who broke the window is unknown．不知道是谁打破了窗户。
Whoever breaks the law will be punished．凡是犯法者都要受到惩罚。
（2） Do what you like．你爱干什么就干什么吧。
Do whatever you like．你爱干什么就干什么。（whatever比what语气更强）
5．在宾语从句中还要掌握好否定前移现象。所谓“否定前移现象”就是指当主句的主语是第一人称，且主句的谓语动词是think,believe;suppose;expect等感知动词时，人们常把对宾语从句的否定前移到主句中去的现象。这种现象的语言欺骗性较强，而且还影响到主从复合句的反意疑问句的后部句子的结构。例如：
（1）I don’t think that it’s right for you to do so.我认为你这样做是不对的。
这个句子中明显把对从句的否定转移到了主句中。
（2）We don’t believe that Tom can pass the driving test,_______?
A.do we B.don’t we C.can he D.can’t he
该主从复合句的反意疑问句的后部就是与从句保持一致，正确的选项为C项。
6．当fact,idea,reason,truth,chance,information,news,conclusion,possibility,believe,conclude等表示肯定意义的动词或名词前后的名词性从句一般为肯定句，名词性从句宜用that引导从句；当question,ask,doubt,wonder等表示疑问的名词或动词之前有了否定副词not或否定代词no时，从句一般为肯定句，宜用that引导从句。例如：
（1） The reason why he was absent this morning was that he was badly ill.
（2） There is no doubt that the clever and deligent will pass the college entrance examinations next year
7．在包含名词性从句的复合句中，我们都要遵循主从句动词时态基点一致性原则，即要么都用现在时态，要么都用过去时态。但是，当从句的内容为客观事实、客观真理、生活常识或谚语时，不受主从句时态一致原则的限制，仍要坚持用一般现在时；当从句的内容为历史的事实时，不受主从句时态一致原则的限制，仍用一般过去时。例如：
(1)Our physics teacher once told us that light travels faster than sound.
(2)It is known to us all that the People’s Republic of China was founded on October 1,1949.
8、在表示“命令”、“坚持”、“建议”或“要求”的动词或名词前后的名词性从句常用虚拟语气。
1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。由wish引导的宾语从句常表示说话人的一种强烈的却暂时无法实现的愿望。 How I wish she would be on my side!(But in fact it’s quite impossible.我多么希望她能站在我一边啊！
另外，在表示“命令”、“坚持”、“要求”或“建议”等意义的及物动词（order,command,demand,require,insist,suggest）之后的宾语从句中的谓语动词同样常使用虚拟语气，表示说话人的要求，其结构为：主语+should+动词原形，其中的should常可省略。The head teacher demanded that we (should finish) the task in time today.
但是，当insist表示“坚持认为”的意思时，或suggest表示“暗示”或“表明”之意时，宾语从句仍用陈述语气。试比较：
My parents insisted that I ( should) enter a key university.
My parents insisted that they were right.
The soldier’s pale face suggested that he was happy to have given his life to his motherland.
The monitress suggested that we (should ) hold a class meeting tomorrow afternoon to discuss the problem.
2）、 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。
在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词常用：“ should + 动词原形 ”。例如：
It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。
It's natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。
It's important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
同理，在表示“命令”、“坚持”、“要求”或“建议”等意义的名词前后的主语从句、标语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词同样用虚拟语气，既：“主语+(should)+ 动词原形”的句型。例如：
His suggestion /advice is that we should start early tomorrow morning.
It is necessary that a college student ________ at least a foreign language．（上海’1993）
A．masters B．should master C．mastered D．will master
二、练习与检测
1. _____ we need more practice is quite clear.
A. When B. What C. That D. /
2. _____ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business.
A. If B. Whether C. Even if D. No matter when
3. _____ knows the truth about it will tell you.
A. Who that B. That C. Whoever D. That who
4. _____ he is doing seems quite difficult.
A. How B. That C. Which D. What
5. _____ certain that his invention will lead to the development of production.
A. That's B. This is C. It's D. What's
6. _____ that there is another good harvest this year.
A. It says B. It is said C. It was said D. He was said
7. _____ that she has received a doctor's degree.
A. It's a splendid news B. This is a splendid news
C. It's splendid news D. This is splendid news
8. It is strange _____.
A. that no one should like this book B. that no one liked this book
C. that why no one likes this book D. why no one likes this book
9. It is suggested that the experiment _____ under low temperature.
A. makes B. is make C. should be made D. will be made
10. _____ still needs to be discussed.
A. How is the plan to be carried out B. How the plan is to be carried out
C. Why is the plan carried out D. Why the plan carried out
11. _____ is unknown to us all.
A. Where did she put it B. Where she put it C. That where she put it D. In which she put it
12. _____ nothing to do with us.
A. What he did is B. What he has done is C. What did he do has D. What he has done has
13. That's _____ the Party called on us to do.
A. what B. that C. how D. why
14. She looked _____ she were ten years younger.
A. that B. like C. as D. as though
15. The reason I have to go is _____ if I don't.
A. that she will be disappointed B. because she will be disappointed
C. on account of her being disappointed D. that she will be disappointing
16. It was _____ he worked hard that he succeeded.
A. because B. since C. as D. for
17. It seemed that the girl _____.
A. had lost important something B. had lost something important
C. lost important things D. lost something important
18. The fact _____ he is an advanced worker is well known.
A. what B. which C. that D. why
19. The fact _____ in the past few years proves that our Party's policy is correct.
A. that great achievement was made B. which great achievements were made
C. what have been made D. that great achievements have been made
20. I have no idea _____.
A. what does the word “infinity” mean B. what the word “infinity” means
C. what the meaning of the word “infinity” D. what the word “infinity” mean
21. His suggestion _____ to see the art exhibition interested every one of us.
A. that we go B. which we should go C. that we would go D. when we should go
22. I'll certainly tell the Emperor _____ pleased I am with it.
A. how B. what C. who D. whom
23. I wonder _____ he asked such a silly question in public.
A. how B. what C. that D. why
24. _____ do you think will teach us maths next term?
A. Whom B. Who C. What D. That
25. I will give this dictionary to _____ wants to have it.
A. whomever B. whoever C. whom D. whatever
26. Do _____ you think is right _____ difficulties you may have.
A. what/however B. that/what C. whatever/whoever D. what/whatever
27. There’s a feeling in me ___ we’ll never know what a UFO is – not ever. (上海2002)
A. that B. which C. of which D. what
28. He was interested in _____ he had seen at the exhibition.
A. which B. that C. all what D. all that
29. He often thinks of _____ he can do more for the four modernizations.
A. what B. how C. that D. which
30. Take _____ much you want and _____ you want to.
A. however/when B. whenever/how C. however/whoever D. however/whenever
31. Perseverance is a kind of quality – and that’s ___ it takes to do anything well. (上海2003)
A. what B. that C. which D. why
练习与检测答案
1-5 CBCDC 6-10 BCACB 11-15 BDADA 16-20 ABCDB 21-25 AADBB 26-31DADBDA
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇7：高考英语陷阱题总结--名词性从句 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳--名词性从句
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _______ he said meant.
A. that B. what
C. that that D. what what
【陷阱】可能误选B.许多同学一看选项首先就排除了C和D，认为这样两个“引导词”叠用的情况不太可能。在A和B两个选项中，选项A肯定不行，因为它引导宾语从句时不能充当句子成分，所以便选择了B.
【分析】正确答案选 D.第一个what 用作动词 meant 的宾语，第二个what 用作动词 said 的宾语，即在 none of us understood what what he said meant 中，none of us understood 为主句，what what he said meant 为宾语从句，而在此宾语从句中又包括有 what he said 这样一个主语从句。
2. After _______ had happened he could not continue to work there.
A. which B. how
C. what D. having
【陷阱】可能误选A.
【分析】最佳答案选 C.有的同学误选A，是因为认为介词后应接关系代词 which，但实际上，若填关系代词，其前没有先行词，这根据不是一个定语从句。另外，由于 had happened 缺主语，所以B和D也不能选。请再做下面一题（答案选B）：
He pointed to ______ looked like a tomb and said, “Ghost.”
A. that B. what
C. which D. as
3.“Is ______ you want to say？” asked the teacher.
A. this B. that
C. all that D. that all
【陷阱】根据中文字面意思误选A或B.
【分析】最佳答案选 D.假若选A或B，那么转换成陈述句即为：This is you want to say. / That is you want to say. 显然句中的两个谓语动词 is与want相冲突。选D组成的句子是 Is that all you want to say？ 其中的that 为句子主语，all 为表语，you want to say 为定语从句，用以修饰all.
4. “When ______ leave for Japan？” “When ______ leave for Japan is kept secret.”
A. they will, will they B. will they, they will
C. they will, they will D. will they, will they
【陷阱】可能误选D，认为 when 后应用疑问句词序。
【分析】最佳答案选 B.第一个when引出的是一个特殊疑问句，故用疑问词序；第二个 when 引出的是主语从句，故其后用陈述句词序。请做以下试题（答案选C）：
（1） None knows if _______ that boy, but if _______ him, her parents will be disappointed.
A. she will marry, she will marry B. she marries, she marries
C. she will marry, she marries D. she marries, she will marry
（2） “Where _______ go to work？” “Where _______ go to work is not known.”
A. we shall, we shall B. shall we, shall we
C. shall we, we shall D. we shall, shall we
5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ______.
A. who is he B. who he is
C. who is it D. who it is
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】此题最佳答案为D.首先可以排除A和C，因为空格处实为一个宾语从句，所以不能用疑问句词序。另一方面，但按英语习惯，当用于指代身份不明的人时，要用代词it，而不用 he 或she等。比较以下两句：
Mr Smith is at the door. He wants to see you. 史密斯先生在门口，他想见你。
Someone is at the door. It may be the postman. 有个人在门口，可能是邮递员。
第一句因前面指明了是 Mr Smith，所以后面用代词 he；而第二句因前面用的是不定代词 someone，说明此人身份尚不明确，故其后用了代词 it 来指代。
6. Don’t you know, my dear friend, ______ it is your money not you that she loves？
A. who B. which
C. that D. what
【陷阱】此题容易误选 A或B：选 A 的同学认为这是指人的，故用who；选B的同学认为这是非限制性定语从句，两者都是误认为这是定语从句（注意没有先行词）。
【分析】其实答案应选C.that引导的是一个宾语从句，用作动词 know 的宾语，它只是被句中的插入语 my dear friend 隔开罢了。请做以下试题（答案均为C）：
（1） Everyone knows, perhaps except you, _______ your girl-friend is a cheat.
A. who B. which
C. that D. what
（2） I think, though I could be mistaken, ______ she liked me.
A. who B. which
C. that D. what
（3） He told me the news, believe it or not, ______ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.
A. that B. which
C. as D. because
前面两题 that 引导宾语从句，后面一题 that同位语从句（修饰the news）。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. They lost their way in the forest, and _______ made matters worse was that night began to fall.
A. it B. which
C. that D. what
2. Patience is a kind of quality - and that is ___A___ it takes to do anything well.
A. what B. which
C. which D. how
3. It has come to my notice _______ some of you have missed classes.
A. what B. which
C. that D. when
4. “What were you trying to prove to the police？” “___ I was last night.”
A. That B. When
C. Where D. What
5. Country life gives him peace and quiet, which is ______ he can’t enjoy while living in big cities.
A. that B. why
C. where D. what
6. It is pretty well understood _______ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.
A. that B. when
C. what D. how
7. _______ she couldn’t understand was ______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; what
C. What; because D. Why; that
8. _______ we are doing has never been done before.
A. That B. What
C. Which D. Whether
9. People have heard _______ the President has said; they are waiting to see _______ he will do.
A. how, how B. what, what
C. when, how D. that, what
10. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule： Always give the monkey exactly _______ he wants.
A. what B. which
C. when D. that
11. These wild flowers are so special I would do _______ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. that
C. which D. whichever
12. _______ she was invited to the ball made her very happy.
A. What B. That
C. When D. Because
13. Eat ______ cake you like and leave the others for ______ comes in late.
A. any, whoB. every, whoever
C. whichever, whoeverD. either, whoever
14. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _______ I got wet through.
A. It’s the reasonB. That’s why
C. There’s whyD. That’s because
15. ____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. WhoB. The one
C. Anyone D. Whoever
16. _______ medicine works in a human body is a question _______ not everyone can understand fully.
A. How; thatB. That; which
C. That; whichD. What; that
◆答案与解析◆
1. 选D.what made matters worse 是主语从句（注意其后有谓语动词was），相当于 the thing that made matters worse.
2. 选A.what 引导的是表语从句，相当于 the thing that it takes to do anything well.
3. 选C.that 引导的是一个主语从句，句首的it为形式主语。
4. 选 C.答句为省略句，其完整形式为 I was trying to prove to the police where I was last night，在此 where 引导的是一个宾语从句。类似地，下面选 C：
“_______ made her struggle to become an artist so hard？” “______ she was a woman.”
A. What, What B. That, That
C. What, That D. That, What
5. 选D.what 引导的是表语从句，what 在此相当于 the things that.
6. 选 C.句首的 it 是形式主语，空格处所填词用于引导主语从句。由于该主语从句中又缺主语，故排除A、B、D.（注意：不能选 A，因为 that 引导名词性从句时不能充当句子成分）
7. 选 A.第一空填 what，是因为该主语从句中的动词 understand 缺宾语；why 和 because 均可引导表语从句，其区别是： why 引导表语从句强调结果，because 引导表语从句强调原因。句中空格后文表明的是结果，故用 why.
8. B.what 在此引导主语从句且在从句作宾语，它相当于 the thing that.
9. B.两空均填 what，均用于引导宾语从句，因为两个宾语从句中的动词 said 和do 均缺宾语，而在各个选项中只有 what 可用作宾语。
10. 选 A.what 引导宾语从句。由于动词 wants 缺宾语，所以填 what.句意是：当你找工作面试回答问题时，请记住这条黄金定律：永远给予对方确实想要的东西。
11. 选 A.I can to save them 为 I can do to save them 之略，此句中的 do 缺宾语，故选 whatever.
12. 选 B.that 在此引导主语从句，无词义，也不充当句子成分。注意不要根据中文意思选 D，因为 because 不用于引导主语从句。
13. 选 C.两个空格处均为引导宾语从句的引导词，而四个选项中两者可引导宾语从句的只有 C.
14. 选 B.比较 That’s why… 与 That’s because…：前者用于强调结果，后者用于强调原因。如下面一题选 D：
I got wet all through. _______ I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.
A. It’s the reason B. That’s why
C. There’s why D. That’s because
15. 选 D.由 is worth praising 这一谓语可知前面是主语从句，排除不能引导从句的 B 项和 C 项；whoever 引导主语从句表示“任何……的人”，在此它相当于 anyone who.
16. 选 A.how 引导主语从句，that 引导同位语从句。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇8：从句(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
从 句
(一)定语从句
(1)as可引起定语从句，常和such, same连用，有时可代表主句所表达的内容，译作“这一点”、“这件事”。
A. My hometown is no longer the same as it was.
B. Such people as you describe are very common now.
C. This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.
D. As is announced in the papers, our country has launched another man-made earth satellite.
(2)表示地点的名词、表示时间的名词和表示原因的名词作先行词时，关系词不一定是where, when和why。如果它们在定语从句中充当主语或宾语时，则应用which。
I'll never forget the day when you said good-bye to me.
A.
October 1st, 1949 is a day which the Chinese people will never forget.
This is the room where he was born.
B.
This is the room which he bought four weeks ago.
This is the reason why she was absent yesterday.
C.
This is the reason which she gave for her absence yesterday.
(3)在定语从句中关系代词who, that, which等作主语时，谓语应与主句中先行词保持一致。
A. The man who is standing there looks worried.
B. Those who have seen the picture enjoy it very much.
He is one of those boys who are fond of music.
C.
He is the only one of those boys who is fond of music.
(4)定语从句通常和所修饰的先行词紧紧相连，但是如果主句的谓语部分很短，那么定语从句可放在谓语部分后面以保持句子的平衡。
A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
但要注意“我把昨天买的书放在桌上”这个句子。
正：I put the books which I bought yesterday on the desk.
误：I put the books on the desk which I bought yesterday.
(5)当有二个或二个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，用that而不用who, whom, which。
The letter and the little boy that we had discovered disappeared again.
(二)状语从句
(1)注意连词as的一词多义：
A. He had to make a living by selling newspapers as he was only a little boy. (“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句)
B. As he was not well, I decided to go without him. (“由于、鉴于”，引导原因状语从句)
C. He is not the same man as he used to be. (“正如”，定语从句)
D. Things are not always as they seem. (表语从句)
E. Young as he is, he knows a lot. (“虽然，尽管”，让步状语从句)
F. Please state the facts as they are. (“按照，如同”，方式状语从句)
G. The work is not so easy as you imagine. (“像……一样”，比较状语从句)
(2)表示条件的状语从句除由if和whether引导外，还可由unless, suppose, in case, so(as)long as, on condition(that), provided(that)引导，并注意在条件状语从句中不能用将来式。
A. We shall go outing unless it snows.
B. You'll get there in time so long as the bus doesn't break down.
C. You can borrow the book on condition that you do not lend it to anyone else.
D. Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I forget.
E. Suppose he is absent, what shall we do?
F. I will go provided that my expenses are paid.
(3)whatever相当于no matter what, whenever相当于no matter when，以此类推，可引导让步状语从句。
Whatever happens, we're determined to fulfill the task.
A.
No matter what happens, we're determined to fulfill the task.
Whatever dictionary you have, lend it to me.
B.
No matter what dictionary you have, lend it to me.
注意：当whatever作名词性从句的连词时，就不能和no matter交换使用了。
正：Whatever she did is perfect.
误：No matter what she did is perfect.
正：Take whatever you want.
误：Take no matter what you want.
(4)where, when引导的从句，无先行词是状语从句，有先行词则是定语从句。
A. We'll go where the Party needs us. (地点状语从句)
We'll go to the place where the Party needs us. (定语从句)
B. He came when we needed help. (时间状语从句)
He came at a time when we needed help. (定语从句)
(5)while和when的区别
while和when都可作“当……的时候”解，都可引导时间状语从句。while后的从句中谓语动词只能用延续性动词，而when则瞬间动词和延续性动词都可用。
A. My mother entered the room while I was doing some sewing.
B. 正：When I had finished the work, I took a rest.
误：While I had finished the work, I took a rest.
While还可作“而，然而”解，when则没有这个意思。
A. Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.
B. I am a late riser while my sister is an early bird.
when有时可作and then解，而while却不能。
A. I was wandering through the streets when I caught sight of a tailor's shop.
B. I went out for a walk, when I met John.
(6)though, when, while, if, till, until等引导的状语从句中的省略
当某些表示让步、方式、时间、条件的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同，且谓语动词又包含be动词，那么这种状语从句中的主谓都可省略。
A. The article is very important though(it is)short.
B. When still a boy of ten(When he was still a boy of ten), he started working to support himself.
C. Do not leave the machine till told to do so(till you are told to do so).
D. If (he is) too old to work much, the retired worker is very enthusiastic about neighborhood affairs.
E. While (he was) in school, Kim worked hard to study his chosen subject, computer science.
F. He acted as if (he was) certain of success.
固定词组if(when, where)necessary(possible)是if(when, where) it is necessary (possible)的省略形式。
A. Fill in the blanks with proper articles where(it is) necessary.
B. Whenever possible (Whenever it was possible), one of them would stop him, make him stand at attention and ask him the three questions.
(7)if作“如果”解，引导状语从句，此时应注意从句中谓语动词不能用将来式；if作“是否”解，引导宾语从句，从句中该用什么时态就用什么时态。
A. I don't know if he will come tomorrow. (“是否”，宾语从句)
B. If he comes tomorrow, I'll tell him about it. (“如果”，状语从句)
(三)主语从句
(1)当主语从句在意义上和语法上都完整的情况下，连词必不可少。
A. That she was chosen made us very happy.
B. That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.
当主语从句放在句首使句子显得笨重时，一般把它移到句子后面，前面用引导词it作形式主语。
A. It is strange that he didn't come yesterday.
B. It's not your fault that this has happened.
(2)表示“是否”的主语从句用whether引导，一般不用if引导。
A. Whether or not she will go is up to her to decide.
B. It is not yet known whether they will send a delegation to the conference.
(3)由连接代词(what除外)或连接副词引起的主语从句，可以直接放在句首作主语，也可放到句子后面，前面用it作形式主语。
When we shall have our discussion is still a question.
It is still a question when we shall have our discussion.
但如果句子是疑问形式，就只能用带it的结构了：
Has it been announced who will take part in this important job?
(4)无论主语从句有多长，一般作单数处理。
A. Whether we do it this or that way doesn't matter too much.
B. That you have achieved so much in such a short time is really something unthinkable.
(四)表语从句
(1)系动词后面的从句是表语从句。除be动词以外，常用的系动词还有：
A. 单纯表示一个特征或状态：feel, look, sound, taste, smell, seem, appear;
B. 表示由一种状态变为另一种状态：become, turn, get, grow, fall, go, come, run;
C. 保持某种状态：remain, continue, stay, keep, prove
(2)引导表语从句的连词是that, whether和as if
A. The fact remains that we are still behind the other classes.
B. The question is whether it is worth doing.
C. It looked as if it was going to snow.
(3)请注意“他没来学校的原因是因为他病了”这个句子。
误：The reason why he doesn't come to school is because he is ill.
正：The reason why he doesn't come to school is that he is ill.
(五)宾语从句
(1)宾语从句在双宾语中充当直接宾语。
A. Please advise me which book I should read first.
B. Mr. Smith explained to them that John had told him all about his past when he asked for a job in his factory.
C. You may ask the policeman how you can get to the Shanghai Indoor Stadium.
(2)在介词后面的宾语从句。
A. The Emperor was pleased by what the Prime Minister told him about the cloth.
B. The Swede stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly.
C. The study also showed that, contrary to what many people believe, if you skip breakfast, you will not lose weight.
(3)带复合宾语的从句中，that引导的从句常常移到后部去，前面用it作形式宾语。
A. I took it for granted that they were not coming.
B. We all thought it a pity that our team should have lost the game.
C. They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.
(4)陈述部分带that从句作宾语时，作反意问句的疑问尾句应与主句的主谓保持一致。
A. I have told him many times that he should observe traffic regulations, haven't I?
B. You never told us why you were late for the last meeting, did you?
当陈述部分的主句是I think(suppose, believe, expect, imagine)时，反意问句的疑问尾句往往与that从句中的主谓保持一致。
A. I don't suppose he cares, does he?
B. I think you two have met before, haven't you?
(六)同位语从句
(1)同位语从句一般跟在某些名词(如idea, news, fact, promise, rumour, hope, belief,
thought, doubt, answer, message)后面，用以说明名词所表示的具体内容，用连词that或连接副词how, when, where等引导。
A. During the first hundred years of my stay in the sea, I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.
B. You have no idea how worried I was!
C. One of the men held the view that what the book said was right.
D. Braille had to face the fact that he would go to a special school for the blind in Paris.
(2)如果主句的谓语很短，为了保持句子平衡，可将谓语放在前面，而将同位语从句放在后面。
A. Several years later, word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.
B. News reached England that they were receiving little care.
(3)在on condition that, in spite of the fact that后的从句也是同位语从句。
A. I'll lend you this money on condition that you give it back in two months. B. He came to the meeting, in spite of the fact that he was very ill.
(4)定语从句和同位语从句的先行词都是名词，如果该引导词既在从句中充当成分，又能代替所修饰的先行词，则是定语从句；
如果该引导词在从句中不充当成分，或虽充当成分却不能代替所修饰的先行词，那么这个句子就是同位语从句。
He didn't tell us the date when he would start. (定语从句)
A.
I have no idea when he will start. (同位语从句)
Often, we read to discover facts that we didn't find in our first reading. (定语从句)
B.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. (同位语从句)
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇9：第十章 名词性从句 (新课标版高三英语下册教学论文)
第十章 名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
高考重点要求：
1、 掌握主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句的基本句型结构
2、 弄清名词性从句的连词的用法和意义
3、 根据句子语义确定使用何种从属连词
第一节 知识点概述
一、引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为两类：
1. 名词性that从句，即以that为连接词的名词性从句。that只能起连接主句和从句的作用，不充当从句的任何成分，无词义。
2. 名词性wh-从句，即以wh-词连接的名词性从句。Wh-词包括：
连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
连接副词：when, where, how, why
连接词whether, if不充当句子的任何成分。
二、主语从句
1. 用作主语的从句叫主语从句。that从句作主语，that不能省略。
▲That he likes such kind of books is very interesting.他喜欢这种书是非常有趣的。
▲Whether he will be able to come remains a question. 他是否能够来仍然是一个问题。
▲What he is looking for is none of your business. 他在找什么与你无关。
2. 很多主语从句都可以用that作形式主语。例如：
It is very interesting that he likes such kind of books.
It remains a question whether he will be able to come.
3. It作形式主语主要包括以下几种类型和搭配关系：
1）It + be + adj. + 从句
It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.
2）It + be + n. + 从句
It is a pity that he missed the lecture.
3）It + be + 过去分词 + 从句
It is said that they have won the game.
4）It + be + vi. + 从句
It seems that something is wrong with the computer.
三、表语从句
表语从句在句中作表语，它位于主句的联系动词之后。that从句作表语，that不能省略。表语从句只用whether，不用if。
▲The problem is that smokers cannot go without smoking. 问题是抽烟的人不抽烟就会感到难受。
▲The question is whether it is worth doing. 问题是这是否值得做。
▲This is where he has worked for years. 这就是他多年工作的地方。
四、宾语从句
宾语从句在句中作宾语，引导宾语从句的that可以省略。whether和if可互换，但介词宾语或有or not时，用whether.
▲They know that the habit may kill them. 他们知道这个习惯能使他们致死。
▲They doubt whether or not Jack is a good student. 他们怀疑Jack是否是一个好学生。
▲They wanted to see which shops offered the best advice and service. 他们想了解哪家店提出的建议和提供的服务最好。
五、同位语从句
同位语从句中先行词不充当从句成分，从句是用来解释先行词的内容。That从句作同位语，that不能省略。
▲Word came that our football team had won the match. 消息传来，我们的足球队赢了比赛。
▲May I ask a question when the meeting will be held? 我能否问个问题，会议什么时候举行？
第二节 实战演练
一、复习时需注意的要点
1. 由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语
2. 主句和从句要保持时态上的一致性，从句还要保持陈述句语序。
3. 当从句是由选择问句转化而成时，一定要用whether构成whether...or结构。
4. That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
a. It + be + adj. + that从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
b. It + be + 过去分词 + that从句
It is believed that… 人们相信……
It is known to all that… 从所周知……
It has been decided that… 已决定……
c. It + be + n. + that从句 It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事实是……
d. It + be + vi. + that从句
It appears that…似乎……
It happens that…碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
5. 选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词whether…or或whether…or not构成，例如：
Please tell me whether they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
二、历届高考试题分析
例1、_____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.
A. What is required B. What requires
C. It is required D. It requires
答案为C
【解析】 本句的结构为It is +动词的过去分词+that 引导主语从句。经常用于这种结构的动词还有say, report, think, hope, expect, consider, suggest等。
例2、There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _________ road conditions need_________.
A. that ...to be improved B. which...to be improved
C. where ...improving D .when...improving
答案为A。
【解析】 考查同位语从句。因为先行词在从句中不作任何成份，因此用关系词that，故B、C、D均不正确。对于第2个空格，need既可作实义动词，又可作情态动词。作实义动词时后跟动词不定式，即need to do sth.，另外 road conditions与improve之间是被动关系，因此是need to be improved(need to be done=need doing)。译文：私家车受欢迎所涉及到的新问题是道路状况需要改善。
例3、_________made the school proud was_________ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D.That; because
答案为B。
【解析】 what引导主语从句，在主语从句中作主语；that引导表语从句，在表语从句中起连接作用。
例4、There's a feeling in me _______we'll never know what a UFO is-not ever.
A. that B. which C. of which D. what
答案为A。
【解析】 同位语从句that we'll never know what a UFO is-not ever作a feeling的同位语，解释a feeling的具体内容。that连接同位语从句时，只起连接作用不作从句的任何成分。译文：我有一个这样的感觉，我们不会知道什么是UFO--永远不会。
例5、Perseverance is a kind of quality-and that's _______ it takes to do anything well.
A. what B. that C. which D. why
答案为A。
【解析】 这是一个表语从句，what在表语从句中作takes的宾语，构成“It takes sth. to do sth.”的句型。译文：坚定不移是一种品质--坚定不移使人们做好任何事情。
例6、When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly _______he wants.
A. what B. which C. when D. that
答案为A。
【解析】 这是一个宾语从句，wants后面缺少宾语，所以要填写what。Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句谚语，意思是“永远不折不扣地给予对方他想要的东西。”译文：当你在找工作面试回答问题时，请记住这条黄金定律：永远不折不扣地给予对方他想要的东西。
例7、Information has been put forward ________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
答案为B。
【解析】 这是一个同位语从句。that引导从句作information的同位语，解释information的具体内容。注意：that和what引导名词性从句(主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句)的区别：that引导名词性从句，只起引导作用，在从句中不作成分。that引导宾语从句时，that可省略，而在其他三个从句中，that虽不作成份，一般也不省略；what在这四个名词从句中一定作成分，作主语、宾语、表语或补语。译文：有消息说，更多的中学毕业生将进入大学。
例8、What the doctors really doubt is ________ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
答案选C。
【解析】 这是一个表语从句。根据doubt一词可知，所怀疑的应是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能从重病中很快康复。”
例9、-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-Is that ________ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
答案为A。
【解析】 这是一个why引导的表语从句，表示原因。这句话的意思是“这就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗?”
例10、________she couldn't understand was ________fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What...why B. That...what C. What...because D. Why...that
答案选A。
【解析】 主语从句she couldn't understand缺少宾语，要用What引导。表语从句fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons是一个完整的句子，要用why引导，意思是“为什么越来越少的学生对她的课感兴趣”。
第三节 巩固练习
Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.
1. ____ the Olympic Games will be held in Paris is not known yet
A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That
2. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.
A. while B. that C. if D. for
3.____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
4.The whole family were worried about Jane because no one was aware ______she had gone .
A. that where B. of the place which C. of what D. of where
5._____ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter
6.____ you have done might do harm to other people.
A. That B. What C. Which D. This
7.____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B. The reason C. Whoever D. Who
8.____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
9.____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
10.The question remains ______the Party can win the majority of the people .
A. that B. if C. whether D. /
11. I remember____ this used to be a quiet village.
A. when B. how C. where D. what
12. You can’t imagine____ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were excited
13. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ____ shares her interests.
A .anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
14. Can you make sure____ the gold ring ?
A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put
C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put
15. No one can be sure ____ in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
16. Can you tell me____ ?
A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who
C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman
17. They want to know____ do to help us.
A. what can they B .what they can C. how they can D. how can they
18. Would you please tell me____ the airport ?
A. how I can get to B. how can I get to
C. where I can get to D. where I can get to
19. It was a matter of____ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
20. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see____.
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
21. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the school master ____ he had the day before.
A. that B. how C. where D. what
22. Go and get your coat. It’s____ you left it.
A. there B. where C .there where D. where there
23. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. ____ I got wet through.
A. It’s the reason B. That’s why C. There’s why D. It’s how
24.It is important ______you win or lose ; what matters is how you play the game .
A. whether B. as if C. whom D. that
25. There was much certainty ______the board of directors would agree to our various proposals for increasing sales.
A. which B. why C. / D. that
26. They have no idea at all____.
A. where he has gone B. there did he go
C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone
27. Greenland, ____ island in the world, covers over two million square kilometers.
A. it is the largest B. that is the largest
C. is the largest D. the largest
28.____ is no possibility____ Bob can win the first prize in the match
A. There…that B. It…that C. There…whether D. It…whether
29. We will soon discuss the problem ______we should take some effective measures to protect the animals and plants in our region.
A. if B. whether C. that D. ever since
30.____ is quite clear.
A. Where is the fighting B. Why is the fighting
C. What war is D. What is war being
31. The reason _______ he didn’t come to our party was _______ he took a missing boy back home on his way.
A. why…because B. why…that C. that…why D. that…that
32.____ that not all government officials are honest.
A. It seems to me B. In my opinion, I believe
C. My believing is D. I think in my mind
33.____ is more and less advanced can pass the test.
A. Anyone B. Who C. Whoever D. A student
34. _______ land ownership in some counties is unfair _______ obvious.
A. What…is B. Whether…are C. That…is D. If…is
35.The reason I plan to go is ____if I don’t.
A. because she will be disappointed
B. that she will be disappointed
C. because she will have a disappointment
D. on account of she will be disappointed
36. She wanted to know____.
A. whether I knew her and where did she work
B. if I know her and the factory she worked there
C. whether I knew her and the factory she worked
D. if I knew her and the factory where she worked
37. My father wouldn’t tell me____ his new car.
A. how much he paid for B. how much did he pay
C. he paid how much for D. did he pay how much
38. A simple experiment shows____ air has some strength.
A. what B. that C. which D. who
39.I can’t tell ______
A. what one my brother likes best
B. which one my brother likes best
C. that one does my brother like best
D. which one does my brother like best
40._____we are doing has never been done before.
A. That B. Which C. whether D. What
41.The book looks ____it had been out in the rain.
A. that B. whether C. as though D. what
42.She said that she ____there for two years.
A. has worked B. had worked C. was working D. worked
43. He said that he ____us
A. will help B. would help C. is helping D. helped
44. Now we have learned ____
A. what is heat B. whether heat is C. when is heat D. what heat is
45.She ____ that she lives in London.
A. said B. says C. had said D. was saying
46.I want to leave my car. Can you tell me ____near here?
A. if there is a car park B. is there a car park
C. if there is parking D. is there a parking
47.Can you tell us ____?
A. who that man is B. who is that man
C. what is that man D. Whom that man is
48.He asked me if _____?
A. he train will late B. the train always arrived late
C. the train arrives on time D. the train stops here
49.He asked me ____ I sat so still.
A. where B. how C. why D. which
50.I wonder _______.
A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes cost
C. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇10：考点8 形容词性从句 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
考点8 形容词性从句
1. I walked in our garden, Tom and Jim were trying a big sign onto one of the trees.
A. which B. when C. where D. that
2. If a shop has chairs women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
3. You can find whatever you need at the shopping center, is always busy at the weekend.
A. that B. where C. what D. which
4. Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
5. Women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those don’t.
A. who; 不填 B. 不填; who C. who; who D. 不填; 不填
6. We’re just trying to teach a point both sides will sit down together and talk.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
7. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
8. I never forget the days we spent together.
A. that B. when C. whose D. what
9. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, leading actor is world famous?
A. its B. it’s C. whose D. which
10. - Why does she always ask you for help?
- There is no one else , is there?
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
11. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, we gave some bells and glasses.
A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which
12. I have many friends, some are businessmen.
A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom
13. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students Chinese in the school, most _____ were from Germany.
A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom
14. I was given three books on cooking, the first I really enjoyed.
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which
15. This is the book I paid ten yuan.
A. for which B. for that C. which D. off which
16. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p. m. , many people have got home.
A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which
17. I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.
A. When B. After C. As D. Since
18. The word “write” has the same pronunciation the word “right”.
A. of B. as C. to D. from
19. The Beatles, many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool,
A. what B. that C. how D. as
20. This book is very interesting. Where did you buy it? I will buy the same book you have bought.
A. which B. as C. that D. what
21. we all know, Taiwan is part of china.
A. As B. Which C. What D. That
22. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, other visitors seldom go.
A. what B. which C. where D. when
23. Our language classes include a lot about the culture of the country language we are studying.
A. which B. whose C. whatever D. whichever
24. Who is the girl is hurrying to school?
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
25. Is there a gas station around I can get some petrol?
A. which B. what C. where D. that
26. Do you have anything to say for your selves?
- Yes, there’s one point we must insist on.
A. why B. where C. how D. /
27. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house roof is under repair.
A. whose B. which C. of which D. what
28. She was educated at Beijing University, ___ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.
A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that
29. Liu Xiang’s breaking the world record was an exciting moment, all of us will never forget.
A. that B. one C. it D. what
30. My teacher of English is really very kind. I’ll never for get the he has done me.
A. favor B. deed C. help D. value
31. Remember that the birthday _ we spend happily each year was just our mothers suffered bitterly.
A. when; what B. when; that C. that; when D. that; what
32. There is hardly an environment on earth some species of animal or other have not adapted successfully.
A. to which B. in which C. for which D. on which
33. After ten years of hard time, the young lady has turned movie star, she dreamed of becoming in her childhood.
A. who B. which C. that D. what
34. A supermarket, as the name suggests, is a place goods of all kinds can be bought.
A. what B. which C. where D. in which
35. There are many people only on-line activity is sending and receiving e-mail.
A. who B. that C. which D. whose
36. - Is that the small town you often refer to?
- Right, just the one you know I used to work for years.
A. that B. which C. where D. what
37. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs they are being trained.
A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which
38. The place the bridge is supposed to be built should be the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which
39. Do you have any idea is actually going on in the classroom?
A. that B. what C. which D. where
40. Some of the things children like to collect are stamps and dolls.
A. that B. which C. whose D. who
41. We looked back over all happened during the past year, to ourselves, to our city and to the world.
A. which has B. that have C. that has D. which have
42. The large room the dance is held is beautifully decorated.
A. in which B. which C. that D. /
43. There are little tables people may sit when they are not dancing.
A. in which B. on which C. which D. that
44. Most of the jokes told by comedians are soon forgotten.
A. which was B. that was C. were D. that were
45. The most important roads in downtown were paved with large stones.
A. are B. is C. that are D. which are
46. I don’t know the reason you have changed your idea.
A. which B. as C. when D. why
47. The earth is a huge hall, 70% of covered with water.
A. which is B. which are C. that is D. that are
48. She is the only one of the teachers loved deeply.
A. who is B. who are C. that is D. that are
49. Who seen the film doesn't admire it?
A. who has B. who have C. that has D. that have
50. is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
51. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where B. which C. while D. why
52. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ___, of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
53. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
A. that B. while C. which D. when
54. The news is spreading around the airport is a heavy storm is coming.
A. what; / B. that; that C. /; that D. that; which
考点 9 名词性从句
1. Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game.
A. why B. what C. who D. that
2. Damby left word with my secretary he would call again in the afternoon.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
3. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for he thought was not enough.
A. where B. how C. what D. which
4. - Could you do me a favour?
- It depends on it is.
A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever
5. Please remind me he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.
A. where B. when C. how D. what
6. There is much chance Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
A. that B. which C. until D. if
7. I try to understand prevents them from being as happy as one might expect although they are so rich. A. that B. what C. it D. whether
8. The dealer told me how much he was prepared to pay for my car and I could have the money without delay.
A. what B. that C. / D. whether
9. I have found out they will ask to lead the victory march on Saturday.
A. when B. where C. whom D. what
10. As soon as he comes back, I will tell him when and see him.
A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come
11. The old lady’s hand shook frequently, she explained to her doctor this shaking had begun half a year before, and , only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job.
A. when; how B. how; when C. how; how D. why; why
12. Great changes have taken place in the school. It’s no longer _ it was 8 years ago, __ poorly equipped.
A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that
13. What we used to think impossible now does seem possible.
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
14. team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever
15. See the flags on top of the building? That was we did this morning.
A. when B. which C. where D. what
16. - It’s thirty years since we last met.
- But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
17. We can’t figure out quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.
A. that B. as C. why D. when
18. A modern city has been set up in was a waste land ten years ago.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
19. Mr. Smith suggested that all of the students their exercise books.
A. handed in B. should hand in C. handing in D. that hand in
20. After five hours’ drive, they reached they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of.
A. that B. where C. which D. what
21. It is certain little Tom can work out such a difficult problem.
A. whether B. that C. if D. when
22. These photographs will show you _ .
A. what our village looks like B. what does our village look like
C. how our village look like D. how does our village look like
23. The news our team won the match was true.
A. if B. that C. whether D. why
24. A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday. A. if B. when C. that D. which
25. we’ll go camping next week depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
26. Father made a promise I passed the examination he would buy me a new dictionary.
A. that B. if C. whether D. that if
27. There is some doubt she will be able to repay the money on time.
A. that B. if C. what D. whether
28. Doris’ success lies in the fact she is cooperative and eager to learn from others.
A. which B. that C. when D. why
29. These shoes look very good. I wonder .
A. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost
C. how much they cost D. how much are they cost
30. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever
31. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased be was a man of action.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
32. I shall never forget 9 a.m. on Oct, 12, the most exciting moment, Shen Zhou VI was launched, is always making me think of I can do more for my homeland.
A. that; which; which B. which; that; that C. when; as; what D. when; which; how
33. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and it is rough or smooth.
A. / B. whether C. how D. what
34. The poor young man is ready to accept help he can get.
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever
35. I was surmised by her words, which made me recognize silly mistakes I had made.
A. what B. that C. how D. which
36. Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game.
A. why B. what C. who D. which
37. The way he did it was different we were used to.
A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which
38. The teacher demanded that our examination paper handed in at once.
A. be B. must be C. would be D. had to be
39. We all agree with him on he said.
A. what B. that C. why D. how
40. We must do well the party assigns us to do.
A. that B. what C. which D. those
41. I will give this dictionary to wants to have it.
A. whomever B, whoever C. whatever D. wherever
42. I’m sorry your mother is ill.
A. whom B. if C. that D. how
43. We think it important we should keep the balance of nature.
A. whether B. what C. that D. which
44. I hope happy while you are here.
A. you to be B. for your being C. you will be D. you being
45. We all know the news he told her.
A. to which B. / C. what D. at that
46. Word has come some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.
A. what B. that C. whether D. when
47. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
48. The reason I plan to go is if I don’t.
A. because she will be disappointed B. that she will be disappointed
C. because she will be disappointed D. on account of she will have a disappointed
49. the old man’s sons wanted to know was the gold had been hidden.
A. That; what B. What; where C. What; that D. What; if
50. What a pity is you didn’t arrive by daylight.
A. there; because B. it; that C. he; when D. that; for
51. we can’t get seems better than we have.
A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what
52. It’s not yet clear of those will be chosen to do the job.
A. that B. whom C. which D. whose
53. It is probable he told her everything.
A. who B. which C. why D. that
54. It doesn’t matter I rest or not.
A. if B. whether C. that D. when
55. is still a secret when the president will make a public speech.
A. That B. He C. What D. It
56. breaks the law should be punished.
A. No matter who B. Whoever C. All D. Who
考点10 副词性从句
1. - Did Jack come back early last night?
- Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock he arrived home.
A. before B. when C. that D. until
2. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years I enjoyed myself so much.
A. when B. that C. before D. since
3. Scientists think that the continents always where they today.
A. aren’t; are B. aren’t; were C. weren’t; are D. weren’t; were
4. How can you expect to learn anything you never listen?
A. in case B. even if C. unless D. when
5. - Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?
- He rushed out of the room I could say a word.
A. before B. until C. when D. after
6. - How long do you think it will be China sends a manmade spaceship to the moon?
- Perhaps two or three years.
A. when B. until C. that D. before
7. the teacher came in, the students were fighting with each other.
A. While B. When C. As D. Since
8. many boys were playing basketball on the playground, the girls were singing and dancing in the room.
A. When B. While C. Before D. As
9. he walked along the street, he sang happily.
A. When B. While C. As D. That
10. It is known to all that you exercise regularly ,you won’t keep good health.
A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if
11. I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s I have to wait.
A. in case B. so that C. in order D. as if
12. you have tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is.
A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When
13. We don’t keep winning games we keep playing well.
A. because B. unless C. when D. while
14. His plan was such a good one we all agreed to accept it.
A. so B. and C. that D. as
15. China can get more benefit it is a member of WTO.
A. because B. on condition that C. though D. when
16. Tom is a young boy he can’t earn money.
A. such; that B. so; that C. /; that D. such; when
17. He will not leave it is fine tomorrow.
A. if B. unless C. as long as D. in case
18. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, they are different from your own.
A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though
19. There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, she was an only child.
A. ever since B. now that C. even though D. even as
20. most of the earth’s surface is covered by water, fresh water is very rare and precious.
A. As B. Once C. If D. Although
21. he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.
A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although
22. This is a very interesting book. I’ll buy it, .
A. how much may it cost B. no matter how it may cost
C. however much it may cost D. how may it cost
23. you do, you must work hard.
A. No matter what B. Whatever C. What D. A and B
24. , I won’t marry her.
A. As I love her much B. Much as I love her C. As much I love her D. I love her as much
25. I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early I can have time for a cup of tea.
A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that
26. John shut everybody out of the kitchen _ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.
A. which B. when C. so that D. as if
27. We must hurry up catch up with the last train.
A. that B. so that to C. in order that D. in order to
28. We must work hard at school we can get high marks and good reputation.
A. so as to B. so that C. so D. in order to
29. He is as tall as
A.I B. me C. my D. A and B
30. He didn’t go to bed _______ his mother came back.
A. till B. until C. as D. since
31. Although he is considered a great writer, ________.
A. however his works are not widely read B. but his works are not widely read
C. his works are not widely read D. still his works are not widely read
32. , he never seems able to do the work beautifully.
A. Try as he does B. As he tries C. Try as does he D. As he does try
33. The old man runs very fast as if he a young man.
A. is B. was C. were D. will be
34. You’d better take something to read when you go to see the doctor you have to wait.
A. even if B. as if C. in case D. in order that
35. I will have to wait for him _______ he comes back.
A. till B. until C. as D. A and B
36. he was 16, he didn’t leave his mother.
A. Till B. Until C. Not until D. After
37. , he knows a lot.
A. Child as is he B. Child as he is C. As he is a child D. As a child is he
38. If you are traveling the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.
A. in which B. what C. when D. where
39. - Morn, what did your doctor say?
- He advised me to live the air is fresher.
A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where
40. He was about halfway through his meal a familiar voice came to his ears.
A. why B. where C. when D. while
41. Lucy, the boy was frightened by the terrible noise from the next room. Take him ________ it’s quiet, I think. A. when B. where C. what D. before
42. - Do you smoke? - No, I don’t. But I used to. It’s two years since I .
A. smoked B. didn’t smoke C. have smoked D. began to smoke
43. your opinions are worth considering, the president finds it unwise to place too much importance on them. A. As B. Since C. When D. While
44. Let’s put off the picnic until next week, the weather may be better.
A. then B. if C. as D. when
45. Bekoff has found animals sometimes try not to hit or bite, especially they are playing with a weaker partner.
A. if B. before C. unless D. when
46. He transplanted the little tree to the garden it was the best time for it.
A. where B. when C. that D. until
47. I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early I can have time for a cup of tea.
A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that
48. The American Civil War lasted four years the North won in the end.
A. after B. when C. before D. then
49. It is known to all that you exercise regularly, you won’t keep good health.
A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if
50. It was some time we realized the truth.
A. when B. until C. since D. before
51. You must keep on working in the evening, you are sure you can finish the task in time.
A. as B. if C. when D. unless
52. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years I enjoyed myself so much.
A. when B. that C. before D. since
53. After the war, a new school was put up there once had been a theatre.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
54. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up I could answer the phone.
A. as B. since C. until D. before
55. - Don’t look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages.
- Oh, yes. others are weak, he is strong.
A. If B. When C. Where D. Though
56. I shall still go outside.
A. As the sun is hot B. Hot as is the sun C. Hot as the sun is D. Though is the sun
57. The harder you , progress you will make.
A. will work; greater B. will work; much C. work; the greater D. work; much greater
58. He is going you went last week.
A. where B. wherever C. when D. in the place
59. I have never heard from her I left my hometown.
A. since B. as C. before D. when
60. No sooner had he arrived __________ she started complaining.
A. when B. as C. than D. while
61. Roses need special care they can live through winter.
A. because B. so that C. even if D. as
62. you call me to say you are not coming, I will see you at the theatre.
A. Though B. Whether C. Until D. Unless
63. modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.
A. While B. Since C. As D. If
64. Scientists say it may be five or six years it is possible to test this medicine.
A. since B. after C. before D. when
65. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a park she was bitten on the leg by a lion.
A. when B. while C. since D. once
66. Parents should take seriously their children’s requests for sunglasses eye protection is necessary in sunny weather. A. because B. though C. unless D. if
考点小资料（复合句：形容词、名词、副词从句）
I. “介词+关系代词”结构的用法
i. “不定代词或数词或名词+of which / whom”在定语从句中作主语。
ii. “介词+whose”修饰后面的名词作定语。
iii. “介词+which+不定式”相当于一个简化了的定语从句。
iv. 注意“介词+where” 引导的定语从句：有时在阅读过程中我们会碰到“介词+where”引导的定语从句，此时要和“介词+which”引导的定语从句从意义上加以区别。如：They stood on the top of the building, from where they could see the whole city. ( from where相当于from the top of the building，而不是from the building )
II. which / that的区别：当先行词指物时，许多情况下既可以用关系代词which，也可以用关系代词that。在下列情况下，只能使用关系代词that：i. 当先行词是不定代词all，much，little，something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one时。如: Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself ? / You should hand in all that you have. ii. 当先行词前面有only，any，few，little，no，all，very等词修饰时。如：This is the very book that I’ m looking for. / The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. iii. 当先行词是形容词最高级时或它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。如： This is the best that has been wasted against pollution./This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen. iv. 当先行词是序数词或它前有一个序数词时，如：This train is the last that will go to Huangzhou. / What is the first American film that you have seen? v. 当先行词既有人又有物时，如：Do yon know the things and persons that they are talking about? vi. 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。如：Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the boy that won the gold medal? vii. 有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个空用that. 如：They secretly built up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution.
III. 形式主语的四个主要句型
(1) It+be+名词+that从句:
It is a pity that … “可惜的是”，用于此句型的名词还有fact / shame / honor / question等。
(2) It+be+形容词+that从句
It is certain that …“很肯定”，用于此句型的形容词还有clear/better/natural/important/necessary。
(3) It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句
It is said that …“据说”，可用于此句型的过去分词还有believed / known / reported等。
(4) It+不及物动词+that从句
It seems that …“好像是……似乎……”可用于此句型的不及物动词还有happen / appear等。
IV. 同位语从句：同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有 advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word 等。
V. 特殊的状语从句连接词：时间状语从句通常由从属连词when，while，whenever，as，after，as soon as，till，until，since，once，before等引导。但下列两类词(组)也可作为连词来引导时间状语从句：the moment, the minute, the second, the next time, the first time, by the time, every(each) time, the day (year, month) 等； immediately，directly，instantly等。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇11：定语从句 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
定语从句
一： 先行词： 被定语从句所修饰的词
二： 关系代词：用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词的代词。
先行词是物： which that
先行词是人： who that
在从句中的作用： 主语、宾语、表语
e.g. They had a radio. / It could send out messages.
They had a radio which/ that could send out message. (主语)
The girl is my best friend. / She spoke just now.
The girl who/ that spoke just now is my best friend. （主语）
He always buys some books. / He never read them.
He always buys some books (which/ that) he never read. (宾语)
注意点：
1.） 定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面：
e.g. The man who lives next door sells vegetables.
The man sells vegetables who lives next door. ( × )
The car which my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.
The car was destroyed in the earthquake which my uncle just bought. ( × )
2．）关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略：
e.g. The young man ( who ) you saw was our manager.
There is something ( that ) we must keep in mind.
3.) 关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时， 关系代词只能用which 或 whom
e.g. The man is a famous runner. / You talked to him just now.
The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.
The chair is made of wood. / He is sitting on it now.
The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.
He is a library assistant. / I borrowed some books from him.
He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books.
It is a famous school. / He graduated from it 3 years ago.
It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago.
The service should be improved. / The students complain a lot about it.
The service about which the students complain a lot should be improved.
有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不提前：
e.g. He is the student. / The teachers are looking for him.
He is the student who the teachers are looking for.
The number of the children is 30. / She takes care of the children.
The number of the children who she takes care of is 30.
三： whose 的用法：
关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即“的”时，它既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词。
e.g. The girl is my daughter. / Her work got the first prize.
The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter.
Do you know anyone? / His family is in Xi’an.
The book is not mine. / The cover of it is red.
I live in the room. / The windows of it face south.
The chair has been repaired. / The leg of it was broken.
四：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：
限制性定语从句：主句和从句不隔开，从句不能省略，否则就会失掉意义不能成立。
He is reading a book which is too difficult for him.
Here is the boy who damaged the glass.
非限制性定语从句：主句和从句用逗号隔开，从句对修饰的部分起到进一步说明的作用，拿掉后其它部分的语意仍保持完整。
e.g. The book is written by Guo Jinming, who is only 19 years old.
Bob’s father, who was an engineer, spent 4 years in Egypt.
Shanghai, which is developing fast, has become one of world’s trade center.
注意点：
非限制性定语从句不能用that引导.
e.g. She is very fond of French, which indeed she speaks quite well.
which还可以用来指代上文中的一件事情.
e.g. Their house is washed away by the floods, which made them very sad.
He lost his job finally, which was exactly what we wanted.
介词＋which:
The picture ______ he paid $100 was once owned by a king.
Can you think of a situation ________ this word can be used?
I’m grateful to him for that advice, ______ I owed all my success.
关系副词： when where why
当先行词是表示时间的名词，用when，在定语从句中充当时间状语，这时一般可以用介词＋which来代替:
e.g. I will never forget the day./ I went to university on that day.
I will never forget the day when/ on which I went to university.
He still remember the morning. / The earthquake happened on that morning.
He still remember the morning when/ on which the earthquake happened.
当先行词是表示地点的名词，用where，在定语从句中充当地点状语，这时一般可以用介词＋which来代替:
e.g. This is the house. / He used to live in the house.
This is the house where/ in which he used to live.
I know of a place. / We can swim in that place.
I know of a place where/ in which we can swim.
Is there any shop around? / I can buy a pen in the shop.
Is there any shop around where/ in which I can buy a pen.
先行词是表示原因的名词，即reason，用why，在定语从句中充当原因状语，这时一般可以用for ＋which来代替:
e.g. I don’t know the reason. / He did it for this reason.
I don’t know the reason why/ for which he did it.
The reason was not clear. / He was fired for it.
The reason why/ for which he was fired was not clear.
注意点：
当表示时间、地点和原因的名词在从句中不是作状语，而是在从句中作主语或宾语时，还是应用which/ that
e.g. This is the date _______ we’re proud of.
This is the date _______ he was born.
I will never forget the time ______ we spent together.
This is the factory _______ my mother works.
This is the factory _______ we visited last week.
Is this factory you visit last week?
A. the one B. where C. which D. that
This factory is the one (that/ which) you visit last week.
I don’t believe the reason _____ he gave for his decision.
Another reason _______ he made this decision is that he had to consider the feelings of others.
关系词的选择
A．只用that
a.当先行词是不定代词，如all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none, the one等
All that can be done has been done.
I didn’t mean this one; I mean the one that was bought yesterday.
b.先行词（指物的）前面有only, few, one of, little, no, all, every, very等词修饰时
There’s no difficulty that we can’t overcome.
I’ve read all the books that can be borrowed here.
c.先行词被序数词first, last, next等或形容词的最高级修饰时
This is the first letter that I’ve written in Japanese.
She is the most careful girl that I’ve ever known.
d.当先行词既有人又有物时
They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.
The speaker talked of some writers and books that were unknown to us.
e.当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时
China isn’t the country that she used to be 50 years ago.
He is no longer the man that he used to be.
It’s a book that will help you a great deal.
f．当主句是以who, which或what开头的特殊疑问句时
Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop?
Which is the car that overtook us yesterday?
g. 当主句以There be…结构开头时，或关系代词在there be…结构中作实义主语，先行项为物
There is a seat in the corner that is still free.
There are two tickets of the film that are for you.
The 9.15 is the fastest train that there has ever been.
h. 当先行词是what时
What did you hear that made you so angry?
i.当先行词是基数词时
Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive.
B. 只用which
a. 在非限制性定语从句，充当主语或定语
They have three houses, which are built of stone.
b. 当关系代词前有介词时
This is the factory in which we once worked.
We study in the classroom of which the doors face south.
c．当先行词本身that是时
What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?
d. 当关系代词后面带有插入语时
Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.
I’ve bought you some books which I think may interest you.
C.只用who不用that
a.先行词是one, ones或anyone时
One who does not work hard will never succeed.
Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
She is the only one of the students who has been to the USA.
b.先行词为those 或被those修饰，指人时
Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
c.在以there be…的句子中，先行词为人时
There is a comrade outside who wants to see you.
d. 当定语从句中又有定语从句，且先行项都为人时
The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hard.
e.当指人的先行项被一些指物的名词修饰时
There ‘s only one student in the school who I want to see.
Do you know the woman in blue with a baby on her back who is working in the fields?
f. 在非限制性定语从句中指人
I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from America.
g.定语从句中有插入语时, 并不影响关系代词和副词的选择。
Jackson is a man who I believe is honest.
He won another award, which I think is the result of his hard work.
D.在定语从句中，whose作定语， 其先行项既可以是人，又可以是物
Lei Feng was a great communist fighter whose death was weightier than Mount Tai.
Where’s the window whose glass is broken?
E. 在定语从句，关系副词when, where, why与关系代词which, that的关系
July 1st, 1921 is the day that/which we Chinese should always remember.
This is the place that/which they visited last year.
Please give me a reason that/which could account for your absence.
I still remember the day when(=on which) I joined the army.
This is the room where(=in which) Luxun once lived.
Another reason why(=for which) he works hard is that he has pass the exam.
F. as, which的比较
a.在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语．如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用
They failed in the exam, as/which is natural.
She seems a scientist, as/which in fact she is.
Grammar is not a set of dead rules, which/as I have said before.
b.如从句在主句之前，用as
As we all know, his parents were killed in this war.
As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun.
c.如关系代词代表主句全句意思，有＂正如．．．＂＂就象．．．＂之意时，用as
We won the match, as we had expected.
He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected.
d. 当先行项被the same, such, so修饰时，用as
This is the same book as you bought yesterday.同类书 (比较：This is the same book that you bought yesterday.同一本书)
Don’t believe in such men as praise you to your face.
I never give my students so difficult a question as no one can work out.
e. 当从句内容对主句内容起消极作用，则用which
The young man cheated his friend out of much money, which was disgra 定语从句小结
. as 也可以用来引导非限制性定语从句， 用来指待一件事，这时它的位置可以放在句首、句中和句尾。
e.g. He is an American, as/which we know from his accent.
As we know from his accent, he is an American.
He, as we know from his accent, is an American.
As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules.
Grammar, as has been said above, is not a set of rules.
Grammar is not a set of dead rules, as/which has been said above.
正如: As everyone knows, as you may still remember, as you said, as I can see, as has been mentioned above, as you may have heard, and etc.
定语从句的练习：
I passed him a glass of whiskey, ______ he drank at once.
He spoke to me in a way _______ I don’t at all like.
It is a famous university ________ he graduated 3 years ago.
Are you the lady ______ asked for help?
The service __________ students complain a lot should be improved.
He works in a college ______ students are all women.
The picture ______ he paid $100 was once owned by a king.
Can you think of a situation ________ this word can be used?
We can see very clearly the method ______ the computers work.
_______ he introduced just now, Dr. Baker is an expert in Biology.
I’m grateful to him for that advice, ______ I owed all my success.
This is the famous star ______ photos are on this magazine.
The science of medicine, ________ progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the science.
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇12： 表语从句 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
(1) 表语从句
1． 定义：用作________的从句叫做表语从句。
2． 构成：________ +简单句
3． 引导表语从句的关联词的种类：
(1) 引导陈述句的________。
(2) 引导选择疑问句的________, ________。
(3) 引导特殊疑问句的________, ________, ________。
（4）引导原因表语从句的________.
（5）其他________, ________.
（2）主语从句
1． 定义：用作________的从句叫做主语从句。
2． 构成：________ +简单句
3． 引导主语从句的关联词有三类：
(1) 引导陈述句的________。
(2) 引导特殊疑问句的________, ________, ________, ________, ________,。
（3）引导选择疑问句的________, ________。
（4）代替真正主语的形式主语是_______。
（3）宾语从句
1． 定义：用作________ 的从句叫宾语从句。
2． 构成：________ +简单句
3． 引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：
(1) 引导陈述句的________.
(2) 引导选择疑问句的________, ________.
（3）引导特殊疑问句的________, ________, ________, ________.
4．否定转移的单词有哪些？
认为________ 假设________ 相信________
5． 宾语从句的时态变化规律：
A. did B. had done C. do D. does E will do
(1) 当主句是do/deoes时，从句可用_______________________
（4）同位语从句
1． 定义：用作______的从句叫做同位语从句。
2． 用法：同位语从句的先行词多为______, ______, ______, ______, ______, ______.
3．引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别
(1) 引导陈述句的________.
(2) 引导选择疑问句的________.
（3）引导特殊疑问句的________, ________.
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇13：词性的分辨 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
词性的分辨
重点诠释
词性分辨涉及的内容也非常广，如名词或动词中同义词、近义词的辨析，介词的辨析，形容词或副词的辨析等。
易错点回顾：
1. very, too
very“非常”，说明一个笼统程度，不是针对某一对象而言；too“太”，说明程度超出某一具体的对象。
［误］ The book is very difficult for me.
［正］ The book is too difficult for me.
［析］too...for...搭配在一起用，表示“相对于……来说太……”。
2. both, either, all; neither, none
both表示两者之间的全部肯定；either表示两者中必具其一的选择，all表示三者或三者以上的全部肯定；neither用于两者之间的全部否定；none表示三者或三者以上的全部否定。
［误］ If you keep still, you can sit at both end of the boat.
［正］ If you keep still, you can sit at either end of the boat.
［析］只能用表示在两者中选择的either。
3. most, mostly, almost
most当副词用，意为“最……”，当代词用，意为“绝大多数”；mostly当副词用，意为
“几乎全部”；almost当副词用，意为“几乎”。
［误］ The members of the group are most young people.
［正］ The members of the group are mostly young people.
［析］mostly当副词用意为“几乎全部”，most用作副词，意思是“最……”。
［误］ He mostly fell down.
［正］ He almost fell down.
［析］almost表示“几乎”。
4. beat, strike, hit
beat通常指反复地、连续地“打”或“敲”；hit指重重地一击，侧重“打中、击中”；strike意为“打、敲、击”，用法很多，通常表示打一下或若干下的意思，也可以表示用拳头或物体急速、用力地“打击”或“敲打”。beat还可表示“心跳”，strike还可表示“迷住、打动”。
［误］ He was beaten on the nose.
［正］ He was hit on the nose.
［析］hit指一次重重的“击打”。
5. calm, quiet, still, silent；
calm平静的/沉着镇静的，指无风浪或人的心情平静；quiet宁静的，指周围环境很静，没有声音，不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑；still静止的，不动的， 指无动作的状态；silent沉默的，指不说话。
［误］ Tell the children to keep still, it’s not necessary to be anxious.
［正］ Tell the children to keep calm，it’s not necessary to be anxious.
［析］从后面的“焦虑”看，此处应表示“保持镇静”。
6. care, mind
care关心，在乎；mind介意，小心。
［误］ I don’t mind what others will say.
［正］ I don’t care what others will say.
［析］mind是“介意”，care是“关心、在乎”。
7. carry, take, bring, fetch
carry携带；take从此处带走；bring从别处带来；fetch去拿来。
［误］ Please remember to take your dictionary here tomorrow.
［正］ Please remember to bring your dictionary here tomorrow.
［析］表示“带来”应用bring。
8. cause, reason
cause起因，指造成一种事实或现实的直接原因，后面搭配介词of；reason指推理上的原因或理由，即说明一种看法或行为的“理由”，后面搭配介词for。
［误］ They still haven’t found out the reason of the fire.
［正］ They still haven’t found out the cause of the fire.
［析］此处指火灾的直接“起因”，而且后面的介词是of。
9. test, check, examine
test“检测、检验”，侧重看质量、水平等是否过关；check“核查、核对”，侧重看前后数量等是否一致；examine“检查”，侧重看事物或人是否存在问题或故障。
［误］They tested the tyre of the car and found it was flat.
［正］ They examined the tyre of the car and found it was flat.
［析］“检查……毛病”应用examine。
10. especially, specially
especially“尤其”，突出强调其后面内容的重要性或特殊性；specially“特别地”，用于强调特殊场合下的“特殊”情况。
［误］ I like the country, specially in spring.
［正］ I like the country, especially in spring.
［析］此处是突出强调后面的内容。
典例调研
［例1］ We had a pleased trip, but we were all a little tired.
pleased→pleasant。形容词应用错误。pleased“感到高兴的”，用于说明人的情感；pleasant“令人高兴的”，用于说明事物的特征。
［例2］He was hoped to be back in two weeks’ time.
hoped→supposed/expected。动词应用错误。 hope不能用于hope sb. to do sth.结构。
［例3］Have you found who broke the window?
found后加out。副词缺少错误。find指“找到”具体的物体；find out指“搞清楚、弄明白”事情的真相。
［例4］He was so angry that he stared at me.
stared→glared。动词应用错误。stare意为“凝视”；glare意为“怒视”。
［例5］I can’t suppose his raising objections at the meeting.
suppose→imagine。动词搭配错误。imagine 后搭配名词或动名词，suppose后搭配不定式作补语。
［例6］It’s necessary to keep health by doing more exercises.
health→healthy。词性应用错误。keep后应用形容词作表语。
【指导借鉴】
词性分辨错误包含的内容广泛，涉及到语言知识的方方面面，大家应注意在平时的复习中积累经验。
强化闯关
1. We all thought high of him who reduced the high price.
2. We find his English greatly increased.
3. Care your own business!
4. Do you think he is possible to give us some help?
5. We found him sitting lonely in a corner.
6. We know she is quite special about clothes.
7. Did you notice which direction the car had gone?
8. I own great thanks to your help.
9. We were divided from each other when we went into the crowd.
10. I don’t know how long the work will be finished.
答案及解析：
1. high→highly。 副词搭配错误。high用作副词，表示具体概念上的“高地”，highly用作副词，表示抽象意义上的“高度地”。
2. increased→improved。 动词搭配错误。increase表示数量的“增加”，improve表示质量、水平的“提高”。
3. Care→Mind。 动词搭配错误。care意为“在意”，mind意为“当心”，此处为固定搭配。
4. possible→likely。形容词搭配错误。possible“可能的”，前面一般用it作主语；likely“可能的”，表示判断，前面作主语的可以是人也可以是物。
5. lonely→alone。词类使用错误。lonely意为“孤独的、荒凉的”，alone意为“单独地”。
6. special→particular。形容词搭配错误。be particular about...为固定搭配，意为“对……挑剔”。
7. direction→way。名词搭配错误。direction当“方向”讲时，前应用介词in，way当“方向”讲时，前面不需要加介词。
8. own→owe。动词搭配错误。当表示“归功于”或“欠”之意时，应用动词owe。
9. divided→separated。动词搭配错误。divide意为“把……分为几部分”，后面搭配介词into；separate意为“分离、隔离”，后面搭配介词from。
10. long→soon。副词应用错误。long表示动作持续的时间，soon表示动作结束的时间。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇14：从句讲解定语从句 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
从句讲解
定语从句
一。I 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
（which / that在句中作宾语）
II. 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。
There are occasions when （on which） one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：
His father died the year （that / when / in which） he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
III.判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
判断改错：
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语） 。
IV. 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1） 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2） 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
V. 介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
二。定语从句应注意问题
I。that, which区别
关系代词that的几种情况。
1． 先行词为all， everything， nothing， something， anything， little， few， much等不定代词时。先行词被all， each， few， much， every， no， some， any等不定代词修饰时。如： There is little that I can use． 几乎没有什么我能用的了。
All the books that you need are here． 你所需要的书都在这儿。
2．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the first composition that he has written in English．这是他用英语写的第一篇作文。
4．先行词既有人又有物时。如：
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited． 他谈到了他曾拜访过的老师和学校。
5．主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时。如：
Who is the man that is speaking over there？ 在那里说话的人是谁？
6．先行词被the only，the very， the last等修饰时。如：
This is the very gun that I am looking for． 这正是我在找的枪。
7． 关系代词在从句中作表语时。如：
He is not the young man that he was thirty years ago．他已不是三十年前的那个年轻人了。
关系代词which
（1）在引导非限定性定语从句时(不能放句首)
He can speak English fluently，which impressed me most.他的英语讲得很流利，给我留下了深刻印象。
（2） 介词后
This is the house in which I have lived for 2 years.这就是我居住了两年的房子。
（3）在非限制性定语从句中，即可指一个词，也可指整个句子。
She married again, which was unexpected.
I lost my watch, which is not found yet.
II。which, as 区别
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
（2）the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
III。介词+关系代词
介词+whom（人）主，谓结构
介词+which（物）主，谓结构
（介词）+whose+名词+主，谓结构=and+介词+形容词形物主代词+名词+主谓结构
（介词）+which+名词+主，谓结构=and+介词+this或that +名词+主谓结构
He is the person to whom you can turn for help.
The pencil with which he was writing broke.
He is the man from whose house (=and from his house) the picture were stolen.
We traveled together to Paris, at which place(=and at this place) we parted company.
IV.分隔式定语从句
有些定语从句和现行词之间插入一个词组，短语或别的成分，叫做分隔式定语从句
He arrived Hangzhou in 1984, where he became manager 2 years later.
名词性从句
主语从句：应注意问题
1. 主语从句的语序
主语从句要求使用陈述句语序，而非一般疑问句语序。如：
What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.
How he was successful is still a puzzle.
2. 连接词的选用
（1）that和what的选用
that和what都可引导主语从句。what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。
What he wants is a book. That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
（2）if和whether的选用
引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。如：
Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
（3）其它连接代词和副词的选用
根据主语从句的具体意义，正确的选择who, which, when, where, why, how等连接词，这些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。如：
When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided. Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear.
（4）whatever / whoever的功用
whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别
Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主语从句）（＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ）
Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （让步状语从句）（＝No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ）
3. it构成的主语从句
（1）由连词that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词it作形式主语。
It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun.
需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：
It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack. （主语从句，有that，无逗号）
As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack.
（定语从句，无that，有逗号）
（2）常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构
It is a fact （a good idea / a pity / a shame / no wonder / good news…）that…如：
It”s a pity that you missed the film.
你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。
It is necessary （clear / true / strange/ important / possible…）that…
需要注意的是，这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“（should）＋动词原形”，即要用虚拟语气。
It is necessary that you （should）master the computer.
It is important that a student learn English well.
It is reported （well-known / hoped / thought / expected /said /believed/decided /suggested /ordered…）that…如：
It is said that he was killed in the earthquake. 据说他在地震中丧生了。
It seems （happened / appears / doesn”t matter / makes no difference / …）that …
It seems that they will win the game.
看起来他们好像会赢得这场比赛。
It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.
他是否会参加会议都无关紧要。
4。主语从句连接词that不能省略 That he didn’t like her was obvious.
表语从句
定义：
A 表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。
The problem is puzzling.
主语 连系动词 形容词作表语
The problem is when we can get a pay rise.
主语 连系动词 一个句子作表语---表语从句
B 连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why,
whether,how.
He has become a teacher.=He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.
She has remained there for an hour.=She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.
His suggestion is good.=His suggestion is that we should stay calm.
The question is confusing.=The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
why he cried yesterday.
how I can persuade her to join us in the party.
whether the enemy is marching towards us.
二 注意：
A 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.
Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
B 不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。
False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.
C 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.
D that在表语从句中不可以省掉。
宾语从句 应注意问题
1. 引导词that的取舍
that引导宾语从句时，特别是在口语中 that常可省略。但在下列情况下，引导宾语从句的that一般不省略。
1）当由两个或两个以上的that引导的从句作同一个动词或介词的宾语时，第二个以及以后从句中的that不宜省略。如：
He said（that）he couldn't tell you right away and that you wouldn't understand．
2）当动词think， make，feel，consider等后用it作形式宾语来代替that引导的宾语从句时。
We think it necessary that we should practise spoken English every day．
3）当that引导的宾语从句中的状语紧接that时。如：
He said that even if it rained，he would be able to come．
2．引导词whether和if的选用
二者引导宾语从句时，一般可换用。但在下列情况下，通常只能用whether而不能用if。
1）在引导词后紧接or not时。如：
We didn't know whether or not she was ready．比较We didn't know whether／if she was ready or not．）
2）当用if易引起歧义时。如：
Please let me know whether you like it．（若该句用if，也可理解为：如果你喜欢它，请告诉我。）
3. 从句中谓语动词时态的选择
一般地说，当主句谓语动词使用的是过去的时态时，后面宾语从句中的时态要受主句时态的限制，用相应的过去时态。但若宾语从句所表示的是客观真理（规律）或人和物的经常性、习惯性以及阶段性的动作或事实时，则从句的时态不受主句时态的限制。这种情况下从句常用一般现在时。
When I was a boy，my teacher told me that the earth is round．
He told me he goes to the park every day．
4．从句中使用虚拟语气的场合
1）在表示建议（suggest），要求（demand，insist）和命令（order）等动词后的宾语从句中，常用“（should）＋动词原形”的形式来表示虚拟语气。如：
I suggest that we（should）have a rest now．
2）表示愿望的wish后的宾语从句中须用虚拟语气。如：
I wish I could fly．（用过去式表示与现在事实相反的愿望）
I wish I had known it before．（用过去完成式表示过去未实现的愿望）
I wish you would stay a little longer．（用would或would ＋动词原形来表示将来的愿望）
5. 含宾语从句的疑难句型
1）I／We don't think ＋宾语从句
这是一个常见的否定转移句型。使用时常把宾语从句中的否定词not移至主句中，即主句谓语用否定式而从句谓语则用肯定式。该结构常译为“我（我们）认为……不……”。如：
We don't think there is anything of interest in your pictures． 2）疑问词（what，how，who等）＋do you think ＋其它句子成分
这是一个复杂特殊疑问句。它由一个一般疑问句（do you think）和一个特殊疑问句（疑问词＋其它句子成分）合并而成。如：
When do you think he will be back？你认为他会什么时候回来呢？
注：常用于上面两结构的主句动词除think外，还有believe，suppose，imagine等。
同位语从句
英语中有一些名词如fact, idea, news, word, hope, promise, suggestion, reply, problem, belief, doubt, truth, order, thought等，它们本身有一定的意义，但表达得不够具体。为了使其表达的意义更加具体明确，其后常跟有一个从句，用来补充说明该名词的内容，这个从句就叫做同位语从句。
The news that our team had won the match spread the whole country.
有时如果主句的谓语动词较短，为保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，同位语从句也常与要说明的分词分开。
Word came that he died yesterday.
一、同位语从句的引导词。
1. 表示陈述意义时通常用that。注意that不能省略。例如：
The fact that he didn”t pass the college entrance examination disappointed his parents.
The king made a promise that he would make anyone rich if one could cure his illness.
2. 当名词doubt用在否定句中时，其后的同位语从句应用that引导；而用在肯定句或疑问句中时则可以用其他词来引导。
I never have the doubt that you can look after yourself.
Some people have the doubt how such a little boy can lift so heavy a box.
3. 表示“是否”的意思时只能用whether，不能用if。这一点与主语从句相似。例如：
The question whether he can finish the work within two days remains unknown.
4. 表示疑问时也可用其他引导词。例如：
This student asked a good question why pollution can”t be stopped.
二、同位语从句与其他从句的比较。
1. 同谓语从句与主语从句和宾语从句的比较。
两者作用不同，主语从句和宾语从句都是从句在主句当中充当主语和宾语；而同位语从句是一个跟在某一名词后并具体说明该名词内容的从句。例如：
（1）That the pop singer will come to this city excited everybody.
（2）Everybody is excited to hear that the pop singer will come to this city.
（3）The news that the pop singer will come to this city excited everybody.
以上三个句子中（1）（2）两句分别在主句中充当主语和宾语。（1）句划线部分为主语从句，（2）句为宾语从句，而（3）句中划线部分则是具体说明名词news内容，故为同位语从句。另外还须注意的是，that引导主语从句、同位语从句时不能省，而引导宾语从句时通常可以省略。
2. 同位语从句与定语从句的比较。
（1）词类不同
同位语从句的名词只能是前面提到的几个有限的、有一定内涵的名词；而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。
（2）性质不同
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对其前名词的解释，该名词与同位语从句的关系可以用“主系表”来表达。例如：
We have all heard the news that our team has won.
名词与其后的同位语从句可以表达为：
The news is that our team has won.
（3）引导词不完全相同。
有些引导词如：how, whether可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。what不可以引导定语从句，但却可以引导同位语从句。例如：
I have no idea what has happened to him.
引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语，（指物时还可用which代替），如果在从句中作宾语常可以省略。that在同位语从句中虽不充当任何句子成份，但不能省略，也不能用which来代替。例如：
<1>The order that we should throw away our luggage was received yesterday.
<2>The order （that）we received yesterday was that we should throw away our luggage.
通过比较可知：第<1>句中的划线部分是对名词order的具体解释，that只起到连接作用，但不能省；第<2>句中的划线部分是名词order的修饰语，that代指the order，在从句中充当宾语，因而在句中可以省略。
状语从句
Adverbial Clauses
状语从句是副词性从句，它在句子中担任状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词。根据修饰的方面，状语从句可以分为以下九种。
1、时间状语从句
2、地点状语从句
3、原因状语从句
4、目的状语从句
5、结果状语从句
6、条件状语从句
7、方式状语从句
8、 让步状语从句
9、 比较状语从句
1、时间状语从句
种类 从属连词 例 句 说 明
时 when
whenever When I came into the room, he was writing a letter.
当我进屋时，他正在写信。
We shall go there whenever we are free.
我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。
when指的是“某一具体的时间”。
whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。
间
状 when I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.
我正在街上走着，这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。 when意为“这时”或“在那个时候”,可以看作是并列句,这种用法的when分句一般位于句末。
语
while While it was raining, they went out.
天下雨的时候，他们出去了。
I stayed while he was away.
他不在的时候我在。 while指“在某一段时间里”，“在…期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的。
从
as He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
他赶快回家，不时地一边走一边向后看。 as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。
句 before Be a pupil before you become a teacher.
先做学生，再做先生。 before译为在…之前
after He arrived after the game started.
比赛开始后，他到了。
till We waited till (until)he came back .
我们一直等到他回来。 如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到…为止”
种类 从属连句 例 句 说 明
时 until She didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock .
她到11点钟才停止工作。
Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.
她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。 如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直…才”“在…以前不”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用until
间
状
since
as soon as
Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。
As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。 状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。
语
从
句 hardly…when
no sooner…than
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
我刚一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.
我们刚到车站，火车就走了。
Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.
我们刚开始就被叫停。 hardly…when和no sooner…than的意义相当于as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。
every time, by the time, the moment
等 Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.
我每次乘船都晕船。
The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.
我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。
Next time you come ,you’ll see him.
下次你来的时候，就会见到他。 在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。
地
点
状
语
从
句 where
wherever Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
Where there is water there is life.
哪里有水，哪里就有生命。
You are free to go wherever you like.
你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。
Wherever you go, you must obey the law.
无论你去哪都要遵守法律。 where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。
原
因
状 because I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.
昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。 because用来回答why 的问题，语气最强一般放在主句之后
语
从
句 since Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.
既然大家都到了，我们开始开会。 since表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首
种类 从属连句 例 句 说 明
原
因 as As he didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .
由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个单词。 从句常放在句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。
状
语
从
句 now that, seeing that Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.
鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。
Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.
鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。 seeing (that), now that 和since, as 意义相似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that可以省去。
目
的
状
语
从
句 that
so that
in order that
lest = for fear that I shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget.
我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。
We’ll tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.
我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判断。
They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .
他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完成工作。
Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.
多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。 目的状语从句中常用情态动词may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号
结
果
状 so that
so…that We turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.
我们把收音机的音量放大，大家都听到了新闻。
He was so excited that he couldn’t say a word.
他十分激动，以致一句话都说不出来。 so that前有逗号为结果状语从句。
so…that的so后面跟形容词或副词。
语
从
句 such…that He gave such important reasons that he was excused.他说出了这么重要的理由，得到大家的谅解。
It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.
It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.
这是一本十分有意思的书，大家都想看。 such…that的such后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用such a /an…that还可以转换用so…that，语气较强
种类 从属连句 例 句 说 明
条
件
状
语
从
句 if
unless
as/so long as
in case
so far as Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.
如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。
We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.
除非下雨，我们明天就去那里。
= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn’t rain.
So/As long as you work hard, you will succeed.
只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。
In case I forget, please remind me about it .
万一我忘了，请提醒我一下。
So far as I know, the book will be published next month.
据我所知，那本书下月出版。
unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless和if…not同义，unless是书面语，if…not是口语，通常二者可以换用。
条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。
方
式
状
语
从
句 as
as if…
as though Draw a cat as I taught you .
按照我教你的画一只猫。
Do as you are told.
按照人家告诉你做的去做。
She looks as if she is ill.
看上去她好象是生病了。
He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.
他的行动就好象什么也没有发生。
They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.
他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。 此处as译为，按照或正如
as if或as though的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气。
让
步
状
语 though
although Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French.
虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语 。
We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.
虽然我们干了一天活，但并不累。 在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以与yet或still连用。though / although意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面。
从
句 even if
even though I’ll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.
即使明天下雨，我也要去。 even if 和even though的意思为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。
种类 从属连词 例 句 说 明
让
步
as Child as he is , he knows a lot .
虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。
Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.
虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。 as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用
though或although引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。
状
语
从
no matter (who, what when, where which, how…) Do it no matter what others say.
不管别人怎么说,尽管干。
No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.
不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。
No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very grateful.
不管谁为我处理这件事，我都将非常感激。 no matter……与 who-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一 样，no matter……引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后。
句 wh－ever (whatever whoever whenever whichever however) Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.
无论发生什么，我们都不要失去信心。
Whoever comes, he will be welcome.
无论谁来，都会受到欢迎。 wh－ever从句中的动词有时可以和may连用。判断wh－ever引导的是状语从句还是名词性从句的一点是，名词性从句，主句中一定有一个成分要在从句担任，一般从句与主句之间没有逗号。
不可将no matter与wh-ever连用
比
较
状
语 as…as
not so/as
…as
the same
…as
such…as Mary is as old as my sister.
玛利和我姐姐一样大。
He doesn’t run so (as) fast as Jack (does).
他不如杰克跑得那样快。
His book is the same as mine.
他的书和我的一样。
Henry is not such a good worker as Peter .
享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。 连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用as…as否定句可用not as…as 或not so…as
从
句 than She has made greater progress this year than she did last year.
她今年比去年进步更大。
He bought fewer books than I (did).
他买的书比我买的少。 表示不同程度之比较，主句中用比较级的形容词或副词。
种类 从属连句 例 句 说 明
比
较
状
语
从
句 the more
…the more The more you read, the better you understand.
你看的书越多，你懂得的就越多。
The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.
你卖的票越多，你的收入也越多。
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。
The sooner, the better.
越快越好。
The warmer, the better.
越暖和越好。 the more…the more 意思为越…越…，通常的语序为从句在前主句在后，这两个the都是表示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或副词前面。
句子意思明显，句子的主语和动词都可省略。
特
殊
形
式
的
状
语
从
句 that We are sure (that )the four modernization will be realized in China .
我们相信四化一定会在中国实现。
I’m sorry (that) I didn’t have time to write you sooner.
很抱歉，我没有抽出时间早点给你写信。
I am afraid that I can’t go with you.
恐怕我不能同你一起去了。 that 引导的从句，往往跟在一个做表语的形容词后面，从句概念上看是宾语，所以有的语法家把它看做是宾语从句，但结构上看，也可以把它看作是一个特殊的状语从句，用来修饰表语的形容词。这种从句的连词常常被省略。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇15：第一章：名 词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
第一章：名 词
名词的意义和种类
一.名词的意义: 表示人, 事物, 或抽象概念的词叫做名词
二.名词的种类:
1.专有名词: 表示具体的人, 事物, 地点或机构的专有名称, 如: China, Lei Feng, Yan’an
2.普通名词: 表示某类人或某类事物的名称, 又可分为四类
①.个体名词: 表示单个的人或事物, 如: doctor, house, tree, orange, photo
②.集体名词: 表示一群人或事物的总称, 如: class, family, group
③.物质名词: 表示无法分出个体的物质, 如: rice, steel, water, coal, cotton
④.抽象名词: 表示抽象概念的词, 如: victory, health, progress, friendship
名词的数
一般地说, 个体名词和集体名词是可数的, 称为可数名词; 物质名词和抽象名词一般是不可数的, 称为不可数名词
一.可数名词复数形式的构成:
1.规则变化:
①.一般直接在名词后加-s, 如: desks, maps, bags, days, houses, faces
②.以字母s, sh, ch, x结尾的名词后加-es, 如: buses, brushes, watches, boxes
③.以字母f 或fe结尾的名词构成复数形式时, 把f / fe改为v, 再加-es, 如: lives, leaves, shelves, knives, wives, thieves, 但roofs, chiefs, gulfs, beliefs, proofs等例外
④.以-o结尾的名词的复数多数加-es, 如: heroes, potatoes, tomatoes, Negroes等, 少数加-s, 如: zoos, radios, studios, photos, pianos, bamboos, tobaccos, videos, kilos等
⑤.以辅音字母+ y结尾的名词, 要把y改为i, 再加-es, 如: factories, babies, countries
2.不规则变化:
①.改变单数名词中的元音字母, 如: men, women, feet, geese
②.单复数形式相同, 如: sheep, deer, fish, means(方式,方法), jin(斤), yuan(元)
③.其他形式, 如: child – children, ox – oxen, mouse – mice
④.表示某国人的名词的复数形式因习惯不同而名异
a.单复数形式相同(多以-ese结尾), 如: Chinese, Japanese, Swiss
b.词尾加-s(多以-an结尾), 如: Russians, Germans, Americans, Koreans, Indians, Italians, Greeks
c.将man变成men,将woman变成women, 如: Englishman, Englishwomen, Dutchmen
⑤.复合名词的复数形式有以下几种情况:
a.将复合名词中的主体名词变为复数形式, 如: lookers-on, sons-in-law, step-sons, passers-by, editors-in-chief
b.如果复合名词中没有主体名词, 则在最后一个词的后面加s(或其他复数形式), 如: grown-ups成年人, go-betweens中间人
c.有些复合名词的组成部分都要变成复数形式, 如: men servants, women doctors
二.不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但要注意以下几点:
1.物质名词的复数可表示多种类, 多量, 多次等含义, 如: fruits各种水果, teas, steels, snows积雪, waters海水(或河水,湖水,江水)
2.有些不可数名词的复数形式表示与这个不可数名词不同的意义, 如: greens青菜, times时代, works著作, spirits情绪, irons镣铐, manners礼貌
3.有些物质名词有时也是可数名词:
a. A glass (玻璃杯) is made of glass.
b. Do you have any evening papers (报纸) ?
4.专有名词一般只用单数, 但有时也可用复数, 如: the West Indies西印度群岛, the Jacksons杰克逊一家
a. There are four Lius in our class.在我们班有四个姓刘的
5.物质名词在表示数量时, 常借助一些量词来表示, 如: a cup of tea, two glasses of milk, three pieces of chalk. 可数名词也可用这种形式来表示数量, 如: three boxes of matches, four baskets of apples
三.有此名词既可作不可数名词, 也可作可数名词, 但意义常有不同
1.物质名词表示种类或具体事物时, 可成为可数名词, 如: tea茶 / teas各种茶, hair头发 / a hair一根头发, glass玻璃 / a glass玻璃杯, paper纸 / papers试卷,论文,报纸
2.抽象名词具体化可使之成为可数名词, 如: difficulty表示“困难”时是不可数, 表示“难事”时是可数, 再如: pleasure表示“乐事”, youth表示“青年”时都是可数
3.可数名词用来表示抽象意义或物质意义时, 成为不可数名词, 如: room空间, talk空谈, chicken鸡肉
名词的格
英语中名词有三个格: 主格(作主语), 宾格(作宾语)和所有格
一.名词的所有格: 名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词的所有格
1.表示有生命的东西(人或物)的名词的所有格一般在名词后加’s, 如: my father’s room
①.以-s或-es结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加’, 如: the teachers’ reading room, the masses’ advice
②.不以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格要加’s, 如: the people’s needs, women’s rights
③.若专有名词以-s结尾, 它的所有格一般只加’, 但也有加’s的, 读作[iz], 如: Burns’s poems或Burns’ poem
④.复合名词或短语的所有格的’s加在最后一个词之后, 如: her son-in-law’s photo, the commander-in-chief’s report, the king of Spain’s daughter, somebody else’s car
⑤.如果一样东西为两人共有, 则在后面一个名词后加’s; 如果不是两者共有, 则在两个名词之后都要加’s, 如: Jane and Helen’s room (Jane和Helen共用的房间), Bill’s and Tom’s rooms(Bill的房间和Tom的房间)
⑥.在表示店铺, 某人的家的名词所有格后面, 一般省掉它所修饰的名词, 如: the tailor’s裁缝店, the barber’s理发店, at my uncle’s在叔叔家
2.表示无生命的名词一般用of构成词组表示所有关系, 如: the cover of the book, the workshops of the factory. 但, 表示时间, 距离, 重量, 国家, 城市, 地点等无生命的名词也可用’s形式来表示其所有关系, 如: three days’ sick leave, half an hour’s walk, today’s newspaper, a ton’s weight, China’s agriculture, Shanghai’s industry.
3.指有生命的名词也可以用of词组表示所有格, 常用于以下情况之下:
①.名词较长时, 如: the story of doctor Bethune, the works of Marx, Engels and Lenin
②.名词的定语较长, 如: the son of the man who you just talked to, the name of the boy standing there
4. of +名词的’s所有格形式或名词性物主代词称为双重所有格. 在表示所属物的名词前有冠词, 数词,不定代词或指示代词(如a, two, some, any, such, no, a few, this, that, these, those等)时, 常用双重所有格表示所属关系, 如: a friend of my father’s =one of my father’s friends, two brothers of his, some inventions of Edison’s, these poems of Li Bai’s, a few classmates of Xiao Ming’s, any friend of Tom’s, some houses of my grandfather’s.
关于双重所有格还需注意以下几点:
①.在双重所有格中, of前面的名词不和the连用, 如不能说: the new dress of Susan’s. 但若有定语从句在后, 则可以用the, 如可以说: the friends of my father’s who is going abroad
②.在双重所有格中, 作of宾语的名词必须是人, 而且是特指
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇16：定语从句（形容词性从句） (新课标版高三英语下册教学论文)
定语从句（形容词性从句）
在句中修饰名词或代词的从句，因其修饰作用相当于形容词，故称形容词性从句，即通常所说的定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的有：
1）关系代词： 先行词为人：who, whom, that, whose
先行词为物：which, that, whose
2）关系副词：when, where, why
注意： 关系词起三个作用：①连接先行词和定于从句②替代先行词③在从句中担任成分
what不能引导定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，但有时也被一个短语隔开。
例如：I was the only person in my office who was invited.
1. 关系代词和关系副词的一般用法
1) 关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等成分，关系代词充当宾语、表语时可以省略：
Here’s a fellow who just walks into a bank and helps himself to so much money. （作主语）
He is no longer the man (that) he used to be. （作表语）
This is the book（that/which）I referred to in my talk. (作宾语)
whose在定语从句中置于名词之前，充当定语，既可指人，又可指物。
whose +n.= the +n.+ of which/whom。例如：
Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black. （指物）
=Please pass me the dictionary the cover of which is black.
The doctor, whose name was Johnson, lived in a small town in the north of England. （指人）
=The doctor, the name of whom was Johnson, lived in a small town in the north of England.
2) 关系副词when, where, why在从句中充当状语，分别可表时间、地点或原因。
I will never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
This is the house where Lu Xun once lived.
I know the reason why he came late.
注：先行词是the way时，其后的定语从句关系词有三种，例如：
I like the way in which / (that)the teacher gives his lessons.
从句缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还是关系副词的关键。也就是说要看先行词在定语从句中担任什么成分
试比较：
I will never forget the day (which/that) I spent in Hongkong.
( spent是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略 )
I will never forget the day when/on which Hongkong returned to its motherland.
（ 从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词 ）
The reason （that/which）he gave for not coming to school yesterday is unbelievable.
( gave是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略 )
The reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday is unbelievable.
（ 从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词 ）
2．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句对先行词起限定作用，去掉后主句意义就变得不明确，它与主句之间没有逗号分隔。例如：
This is a shop that sells personal computers.
The watch that I bought yesterday works well.
非限制性定语从句与主句之间的关系相对松散一些，它对先行词起补充说明作用，去掉后不影响主句意义。因此，一些具有区别意义的专有名词及一些表示“唯一”概念的人或物后面常用此类从句。这类从句与主句之间有逗号隔开。例如：
We are all proud of the Great Wall, which is one of the man-made wonders of the world.
My father, who is a doctor, often encourages me to work hard.
注意：在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省去。
一种特殊的非限制性定语从句
在非限制性定语从句中，有时根据句子意思，常把some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。
He has five children, two of whom are abroad.
(比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)
We have tested three hundred types of boots, none of which is/are completely waterproof.
(比较：We have tested three hundred types of boots, but none of them is/are completely waterproof.)
3．介词+关系代词的用法
关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。
介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：
The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.
=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.
The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.
=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.
但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。如：
Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for? ( 这里介词for一般不提前，因为look for是固定词组，意为“寻找”，介词for若被提前，单个的look意为“看”，句意不符。)
介词也可结合句意、根据先行词确定，此时介词以前置为佳。
Last night I had a dream in which I became a Nobel Prize winner.
The girl with whom I went to the concert yesterday is my sister.
I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.
4．关系代词的一些特定用法：that与which；that与who
1）指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用that，不用which：
①先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代词；或是先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时：
Is there anything (that) I can do for you in town?
I have read all the books (that) you gave me.
注：当something确指某物或某事时，用that或which都可以，如：
There is something that/which keeps worrying me. “有一件事一直令我不安。”
②先行词被形容词最高级或有序数词the first, the second…, the last修饰时：
This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
The first place (that) we’ll visit is the Great Wall.
③先行词被the only，the very修饰时：
The only thing that matters is to find our way home.
This is the very book (that) I’ve been looking for.
④先行词既有人又有物时：
They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school.
⑤当主句是由who或which引导的特殊问句时，为避免重复，定语从句中常用that：
Who is the man that is standing by the door?
Who that has common sense will do such a thing?
Which is the dictionary (that) you bought yesterday?
Which that you bought just now is for me?
⑥两个定语从句，一个用which一个用that
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
2)用which不用that：
①介词后②非限制性定于从句中③两个定语从句，一个用that一个用which
3)当先行词是anyone, those, he, she等代词表“人”时，一般用who而不用that：
Anyone who wants a ticket please sign your name here.
Those who want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7:30 p.m.
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
但当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，通常用that而不用who：
He is no longer the man that he used to be.
5．定语从句中的as及其与which的异同
1）as引导的限制性定语从句：
当先行词有the same, such, as, so修饰时，要用as代替who(m), which, that来引导定语从句：
I’d like to have the same books as are used in your school.
He is not such a person as I expected.
He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find.
注意区别：
It was such a good film that I saw it yesterday.
Don’t talk about such things as you don’t understand.
Here is so big a stone that no one can move it.
Here is so big a stone as no one can move.
His speech was so clear that we could understand well.
He knows as many people as are present.
Yesterday she bought the same book as I have.
He is the same man that gave us a talk last year.
2）as引导的非限制性定语从句与which引导的非限制性定语从句的异同
which和as都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换：
Our team lost the game, as/which was reported in the newspaper.
She was terrified, as/which I could see from her eyes.
区别：①as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前面、插在主句中间或放在主句末尾；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面。例如：
As anybody can see, the elephant is like a snake.
=The elephant, as anybody can see, is like a snake.
=The elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.
Mary was late again, which made the teacher angry.
②as引导的从句有“正如”、“正像”之意，常用句型有：
as we all know, as is known to all, as everybody can see, as is expected等。
例如：As we all know, paper was first made in China.
Which引导的从句是对主句的评论或主句造成的结果。Which= and this
He failed in the experiment, which was unexpected.
He stole the money, which was disgraceful.
6. He is one of the workers who live in the factory.
He is the only one of the workers who has been there.
典型例题分析
1．All ____ is needed is a supply of oil. ( ’89 )
A. the thing B. that C. what D. which
解析：本题考查引导定语从句的关系词，what只能用于名词性从句，因此A/D可以排除，又因先行词为不定代词all，所以答案为B。
2．He paid the boys $10 for washing ten windows, most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. ( ’90 )
A. these B. those C. that D. which
解析：本题考察非限制性定语从句。从句子结构上看，两句之间用的是逗号，无连词连接，故确定为从属句，介词后面的关系代词代物，只能用which，答案为D。
3．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help. ( ’92 )
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
解析：本题考查定语从句中介词加关系代词的用法。根据句意“向某人求助”是turn to sb. for help，其中介词to可提前，故答案为D。本句也可以如下表达：In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person (who/whom/that) she could turn to for help.)
4．After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when ( ’96 )
解析：本题考查关系代词和关系副词的用法，从句he grew up as a child不缺主语或宾语，排除关系代词which和that，又因先行词是表地点的，故答案为A。
5．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made the others unhappy. ( )
A. who B. which C. this D. what
解析：本题考查非限制性定语从句指代整个句子的用法，意为“老是自赞她在剧中表演的角色，这件事当然令他人不快。”指代前面所说的整句话，用which。故答案为B。从句中插入of course增加了考测难度，解题时可先把它忽略。
6．It was about 600 years ago ____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. ( ’97 )
A. that B. until C. before D. when
解析：本题考查强调结构It was … that…，不管被强调的是时间还是地点，that不变，该结构与定语从句非常相似，注意区别。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇17：名词性从句 教学总结(新课标版英语)
一、 概况
1、 定义：名词性从句是在主句中充当名词性成分的句子。
2、 句中有哪些成分是名词性的：
句子成分一共七种：主谓宾定状补表。其中主谓宾是主要成分，定语状语是修饰性成分，而补语和表语是补充说明的成分。谓语是动词性的，主语和宾语是名词性的，定语是形容词性的，修饰句中的名词性成分；状语是副词性的，修饰句中的动词；补语可以是名词也可以是形容词，比如：They elected him president. (president n.作him的宾补). He makes me sick. (sick作me的宾补)； 表语是说明主语的性质内容状态的，可以是名词也可以是形容词，如：He is famous. (adj.) / He is a famous actor. (n.) 因此，句中的名词性成分有：主、宾、表、补。
3、 从句的类别：上述四个名词性成分如用句子来充当，便成了名词性从句，它们分别为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、补语从句。
4、 名词性从句的连词：
1） 连接词：that, whether, if (只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成分)
2） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, whose
3） 连接副词：when, where, how, why
二、 主语从句
1、 that/ what
如果把句子从中分开，分为主句和从句
That: 只有一个地方缺名词性成分，或两处都不缺时用that.
主句缺：（主、宾、表）I think that Shiyang will win the contest. (主句缺宾语)
That Shiyang win the first place makes us happy. (主句缺主语)
Our expectation is that Shiyang win the first place.
从句缺：（定语从句）That is the girl whom I mentioned to you before.
两处都不缺：（同位语从句）We all know the truth that the earth is round.
What: 两处都缺名词性成分：This is not what I want. （主句缺表语，从句缺宾语）
参见练习（14、15、19、42、46、47、54）再看以下例句：
1） Air is to man ______ water is to fish. (主句缺表语，从句也缺表语)
2） Electricity flows in wire _____ water runs in pipe. （主句从句都不缺成分）
A. like B. as C. that D. what
3) He was born in _____ is now called Xiangyang. （介词后面缺宾语）
A. where B. which C. that D. what
4) After _____ seemed a long time, he came back. （介词后面缺宾语）
A. what B. that C. it D. this
2、 whether / that (主语从句中没有if)
会议是否开还没有决定：Whether the meeting will be held has not been decided.
会议是否开已经决定：That the meeting will be held has been decided.
*请记住：主语从句中的是否有两个，whether和that。未定，有选择的用whether; 确定事实用that。 主语从句中的是否不用if.
3、 which / what
_____ team will win is unknown yet. _____ color will be chosen is unknown yet.
What +抽象概念 （color, information, news, whether, date, number）
Which+具体对象 (bag, hotel, boy)
但是有具体范围的时候都用which: What number is your lucky number?
Which number is your lucky number, 7 or 5?
4、 形式主语
that 引导的主从放在句首是很少的， 只有为了强调或谓语较长时才这样安排。
如： The price will go up is certain. /
That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence.
大部分情况下都用it 来充当形式主语，主要有以下五种情况。
1） it is +n. +that ( a fact, a common knowledge, an honor, a pity, a good idea, a shame , no wonder)
2） it is +adj.+ that (natural, strange, obvious, clear, true, fortunate, possible, likely, unlikely)
3） it +vi.+ that ( seems, appears, happens, turns out, occurs to sb)
4） it is + v-ed + that ( said, reported, believed, known, expected, proved, announced )
it is universally accepted that （地球人都知道）
it can be concluded that
it must be admitted that
5） it doesn’t matter that / it matters that
6） 当主句是疑问句时，一定要用it 作形式主语
Is it true that he has won the game?
5、 主语从句的主谓一致
1） How the boy climbed there ____ a puzzle.
2） What I like most and how I enjoy it ____me a lot of pleasure. ( bring/ brings)
3） Where and when the meeting will be held _____ been decided. ( haven’t / hasn’t )
4） What I like most ____ potatoes. ( is/ are)
5） What I like most _____ dancing. (is / are)
单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数；两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语谓语动词用复数。有两个特例：① 单个主从，若表语是复数，则谓语动词用复数，如例4）；②有省略形式的主从，先恢复原形，看是一句还是两句，如例2）、3）。
三、 宾语从句
1、 时态：主句是过去时，从句要用和过去相关的时态，除非是普遍真理。
2、 语序：宾从一定是陈述语序：I don’t know when he will come.
1） * I don’t know what’s the matter with him.
I don't know what the matter with him is. （×）
2）就宾从提问,特殊疑问词放句首。“你认为他什么时候会来？”
When do you think he will come? / Do you think when he will come? (×)
3、 间接引语的用词细节
“上周三汤姆问我他明天是否去我家”: Last Wednesday Tom asked me whether he had to come to my home the next day. (× must / go / tomorrow)
4、 三种宾语从句
1） 动词宾语：
2） 介词宾语
3） 形容词宾语：（表示心理活动的adj.: sure, afraid, happy, glad, excited）
`I’m glad that he has won the game.
5、 第一人称＋主观判断的v.，后面的宾从中的否定要转移到主句
如：我认为你不对： I don’t think you are right.
6、 if / whether
1） if 表示“是否”只能用在宾语从句中，whether可以用于所有的名词性从句. 在宾从中可通用：I wonder if / whether Mr Smith is his father.
2） 能跟or not连用表示选择的只有whether：I don’t know whether he has money or not.
3） 作介词宾语只能用whether: It depends on whether he will come back.
4） 在状语从句中，if 表示“如果”, 而 whether和or “whether……or”结构，表示“无论”。
7、 谓语是doubt
1) 主句是肯定句，用whether 或if 来引导从句. If 持否定观点，whether持中立观点。
I doubt whether he will come. （不知是否会来）
I doubt if he will come. （估计他不来）
2) 主句是否定或疑问时，用that来引导从句
I don’t doubt that he will come.
Do you doubt that he will come?
8、 并列宾从中第一个that 可以省略，第二个conj.不能省。
e.g. I know (that) he will come and that his brother will also come.
I want to know ______ he’ll come ______ his brother will also come.
A. whether …… or B. ……or
C. whether……or whether D. …… or whether
9、形式宾语：三种情况，一定要有形式宾语it
1) 在主句中有宾补：I think it possible that / I find it difficult that
2) 宾从作介词词组的宾语：I will see to it that (the door is closed) / take it for granted that
3) 固定结构： appreciate it that
We appreciate it that you read the letter for me.
10、宾从中的连接词that可以省略，但其它的连词不能省。
其它的连词可以看作就划线部分提问的特殊疑问词。
四、 同位语从句
1、信号词：主句中有抽象名词news, information, idea, thought, fact, truth, hope, belief，suggestion, advice, assumption, plan, practice, proposal 等，从句用来说明名词所表示的具体内容。
e.g. We all know the truth that the earth is round.
2、同位语从句 VS 定语从句
There is a problem that the road needs to be broadened. (同)
There is a problem that we have to discuss. （定）
1）意义上：同位语从句的信号词都是有内涵的抽象名词，从句用来补充说明该名词的内容；定语从句的先行词可以是抽象名词，具体名词，还可以是代词，其作用为修饰限定。
2）结构上：同位语从句主句和从句结构完整，信号词在从句中不充当任何成分；而定语从句的从句缺成分，先行词在从句中可以充当一个成分。
3、同位语从句的连词不仅有that
I have no idea when he will come back.
The problem where can we raise the money is very important.
We will discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.
I have no impression how he get there, maybe by subway.
I have no idea what happened to him.
五、 表语从句
放在be, seem, appear, look，remain, happen, occur to等系动词后面，充当表语的句子。
The problem is whether we can make a good preparation in such a short time.
The fact remains that we are still behind many developed countries.
1、 It seems / appears/ looks + that (as if / 连词省略)
It happens / occurs to sb + that ( as if)
2、 表示原因的表语：The reason is that = It/ This/ That is because =This/ That is why
The reason he was late for the school is that he missed the early bus.
He missed the early bus. That is why he was late.
He was late for the school. That is because he missed the early bus.
Exercises:
1、A saying goes ____ no pain, no gain.
A. where B. when C. what D. that
2、The other day, my brother drove down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. that B. what C. which D. as
3、Mary wrote an article on _____ the team had failed to win the game.
A. that B .what C. why D. who
4、He left a word with my secretary _____ he would call again in the afternoon.
A. who B. which C. that D. as
篇18：What引出不带疑问色彩的名词性从句 (人教版高三英语上册教学论文)
What引出不带疑问色彩的名词性从句
What有时不带疑问色彩，而是表示“所…的…”。此时，what相当于“the thing(s) which/that……”,或“the person(s) who/that”.它是“集先行词与关系代词于一身的‘二合一’的词”。这种结构在句中可作主语、表语及宾语（动宾和介宾）。如：
What I want to know is whether he will come here tomorrow. = The thing (which/that) I want to know is……
This is what I need now. =This is the thing (which/that) I need now.
He will give us a talk about what he saw and heard in that country.
= He will give us a talk about the things（that/which）he saw and heard in that country.
因它本身已相当于含有了“先行词+关系代词”， 所以，在使用时，前不能有先行词，后不能有关系代词。
如：He has told us what he knows about that accident. (what=先行词the things ＋关系代词which/that)
不能说 He has told us everything what he knows about that accident × (everything 是多余的)
也不能说 He has told us what that he knows about that accident. × (that是多余的)
请大家再看下面这句：He has told us all what he knows about that accident.
此句成立，因我们可把all 归于us (等于all of us): “我们所有的人”， 与what毫不相干。
What 可表示几乎所有具体的、抽象的、有形的、无形的在上下文中出现的东西，用来表示时间和地点时出的题目，学生的错误率极高。如：
George Washington was born in 1732 in a very rich family in _______ is now the state of Virginia.
A. which B. where C. that D. what
乔治华盛顿1732年生于现在是弗吉尼亚州（地方）的一个富人家庭。 ( 应选D ).
在搞清What的这种用法前，大部分学生都会选A或B，也有选C的，选对正确答案D的很少。
下面选编了一些选择题供高二、高三的学生练习，不但要选出答案，还要把句子译成中文。这样做的实际教学效果较好：(为保持本练习整体难度，答案并非都是what, 个别句子中，what是带有疑问色彩的。)
1. He gave us a different answer from _______ was expected.
A. that B. what C. which D. whom
2. ________ really matters is not whether you succeed or not, but whether you try or not.
A. It B. What C. That D. Whatever
3. All _____ was continuous oral practice of English.
A. that was needed B. what is needed C. which is needed D. is needed
4. A proposal has been put forward ______ proper measures ________ before it is too tale.
A. which, are taken B. that, be taken C. that, will be taken D. when, to be taken
5. Our old school building, pulled down about two years ago, was located in ______ is now a supermarket.
A. which B. where C. what D. it
6. _______ is now the northern Sahara Desert fed much of the then world 2,500 years ago.
A. That B. What C. It D. This
7. _______ has recently been done to provide more buses for the people, a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem.
A. What B. As what C. In spite of that D. In spite of what
8. Determination is a kind of quality and that is _______ to do your job well
A. what takes B. what C. what it takes D. it takes
9. A) The Development Zone is no longer a rural area ______ it used to be 10 years ago.
B) The Development Zone is no longer ______ it used to be 10 years ago.
A. what B. where C. that D. which
10. A) With the development of science and technology, the modern aeroplane is not the machine ______ when first
invented.
B) With the development of science and technology, the modern aeroplane is not ______ when first invented.
A. what it was B. which it was C. that it was D. the one was
11. ________ impressed the visitors deeply was ______ the workers made with their own hands.
A. What, what B. that, that C. /, what D. Which, what
12. These people once had fame and fortune; now ______ is left to them is utter poverty.
A. all what B. all that C. that all D. that all
13. Is there something I have said _______ has caused this anger? Or is it just the things I stand for ______ you dislike?
A. that, that B. what, what C. what, because D. which, what
14. The girl told us ______ she wanted to do was right.
A. what all B. all what C. that all what D. what that
15. One of the men held the view _______ the book said was right.
A. what that B. that what C. that which D. which that
16. Mr Johnson pointed out ______ by the pollution, many trees in this area did not grow to their full height.
A. that affected B. what affected C. that effected D. what was affected
17. As a teacher I seldom give my students such difficult problems ______ they can not work out.
A. that B. if C. what D. as
18. I think _____ to finish the work in such a short time is quite impossible.
A. it B. that C. what D. which
19. --- _______ was it ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?
--- Totally by chance.
A. What, that B. How, that C. when, how D. where, that
20. I have nothing to confess. _____ you want me to say?
A. What is it that B. What it is what C. How is it that D. How it is that
21. Was it ______ she heard with her own ears _____ really made her frightened?
A. what, that B. it, that C. that, which D. what, /
22. Mr Smith was so angry at all ______ Bill was doing _____ he simply walked out, slamming the door shut.
A. that, what B. that, that C. which, which D. what, that
23. ________ puzzled the mother most was _____ the son would never agree with her.
A. What, why B. That, how C. Which, when D. What, where
24. _______ he was fired by the company was _______ he didn’t work hard.
A. What, because B. Why, because C. Why, that D. That, because
25. Perhaps _______ most separates the successful people from others is _____ they live on purpose.
A. what, that B. that, what C. that, that D. what, what
26. I knew nothing about the accident ______ I read in the newspaper.
A. except that B. except what C. until D. before
27. ________ was known to them that Bob had broken his promise _____ he would give them a rise.
A. What, what B. It, which C. As, that D. It, that
28. In an hour, we can travel to places ______ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
A. where B. when C. which D. what
29. Now that you have all agreed to the plan, ______ you are supposed to do next is help your teacher carry it out..
A. where B. what C. that D. how
30. I have made it clear _____ I will never take back _____ I said.
A. that, what B. what, that C. what, what D. that, that
31. New technology will make ______ is impossible possible.
A. which B. what C. it D. that
32. After graduation, he went to _______ used to be called ‘Poverty-stricken Areas’ to work.
A. where B. which C. what D. that
33. _______ he spoke at yesterday’s meeting surprised all of us; and we were astonished at ______ he said at the meeting.
A. That. That B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that
34. A modern city has sprung up in ______ was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. what B. which C. where D. that
35. They lost their way in the forest and _____ made matters worse was that night began to fall.
A. that B. this C. what D. it
36. ---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
--- Oh, that’s ________.
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
37. ______ made the school proud was ______ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A. What, because B. What, that C. That, what D. That, because
38. If the South had won the war. _____ might have been divided into several countries.
A. what was the United States B. what is now the United States
C. all is now the United States D. all was the United States
39. After ______ seemed to be two hours, the doctor came out of the operation-room with a broad smile.
A. what B. it C. which D. that
40. _______ you didn’t know the rules won’t be a sufficient excuse for your failure to report.
A. What B. How C. Because D. That
41. In some countries, _____ is called equality does not really mean equal rights for all people.
A. which B. it C. that D. what
42. By ‘success’, I don’t mean ______ usually thought of when that word is used.
A. that we B. as you C. what is D. all is
43. When I try to understand ______ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.
A. why it does B. what it does C. what it is D. why it is
44. We have _______ many people consider ______ the best daily newspaper in the English language-China Daily.
A. what, that B. that, to be C. what, to be D. what, what
45. With his camera, he kept taking pictures _____ he saw on that wonderful island.
A. where B. which C. of which D. of what
46. His grandfather was among the first to settle in ______ is now a famous holiday place.
A. what B. which C. where D. that
47. He was lucky enough to sell his car for exactly __________.
A. where he had paid for it B. what he had paid for it
C. what he was paid for it D. which he had paid for it
48. He looked behind to make _______ he was not being followed.
A. clear that B. if clear if C. sure that D. sure whether
49. In that mountainous primary school I found that ______ was required of a teacher never went beyond “:reading, writing and adding”.
A. it B. anything C. that D. what
50. All the countries have agreed ______ bears the Red Cross must never be attacked.
A. that whatever B. that C. no matter what D. anything
51. The nurses are trying their best to quiet the patient’s fear _______ he will die of that disease.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
52. The behaviour of water can be explained by _______ the kinetic energy.
A. what do some scientists call B. what scientists call
C. scientists call D. scientists call it
53. Sometimes parents want their children to do _____ they cannot do themselves.
A. that they feel B. what they feel C. what they feel that D. they feel what
54. It doesn’t matter _______ one says. _______ is really important is the things ______ he does.
A. what……What……which B. what……That……that
C. what……What……that D. that……That……what
55. It was only a small seaside town then compared to _______ now.
A. that it is B. what is C. it is D. what it is
56. ______ was the question of going on a holiday.
A. What they interested in B. What interested them
C. What was interested D. What they were interested
57. The fact has to be faced ______ few people like to work there with so little pay.
A. what B. how C. that D. when
58. The question is _______ can be put into practice.
A. how you have learned B. how what you have learned
C. that why you have learned C. how that you have learned
59. People were perhaps more honest a long time ago when life was very different from ______ it is today.
A. that B. that what C. which D. what
60. The old lady was driving her car ______ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. at what B. at which C. which D. what
61. I feel a little disappointed as the new house isn’t quite _______ it should be.
A. that B. what C. as D. whatever
62. A good writer must connect ______ he writes with ______ has happened around him.
A. what……what B. that……that C. what……that D. what……that
参考答案
1-8 BBABC，BDC 9-CA 10-CA 11-20 ABABB，ADBBA
21-30 ABACA, BDCBA 31-40 BCCAC, ABBAD 41-50 DCCBD, ABCDA
51-60 DBBCD, BCBDA 61-62 BA
部分题目注释：
4． That从句是前面主语的同位语从句，从句谓语动词用 “(should)+原形” 是因为主语的原因。
10. 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时要用that 不能用which。 《 9. A 相同 》
14. 答案是B，all跟前面的us,意为“我们所有人”。 all后省去了引出宾语从句的that。what引出宾语从句的主语从句。
15. 答案是B。that引出view的同位语从句，what引出同位语从句的主语从句。
20. 答案是A。 第二句是强调句型的疑问句。What是被强调的部分，放在句首引出疑问句。该句的中文意思是：你想要我讲的究竟是什么？
22．答案是B。第一个that是定语从句的关系代词，第二个that是so…that…引出的状语从句。
42. 本句参考译文：我用“success”时意思不是指人们用它时所通常所想到的意思。
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