12月英语四级阅读练习：美国婚姻

时间：2025-08-23 08:22:24 其他范文收藏本文下载本文

下面小编给大家整理的12月英语四级阅读练习：美国婚姻，本文共7篇，希望大家喜欢!

12月英语四级阅读练习：美国婚姻

篇1：12月英语四级阅读练习：美国婚姻

More surprising, perhaps, than the current difficulties of traditional marriage is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving. As Skolnick notes, Americans are a marrying people: relative to Europeans, more of us marry and we marry at a younger age. Moreover, after a decline in the early 1970s, the rate of marriage in the United States is now increasing. Even the divorce rate needs to be taken in this pro- marriage context: some 80 percent of divorced individuals remarry. Thus, marriage remains by far the preferred way of life for the vast majority of the people in our society.

What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family. Twenty- five years ago, the typical American family consisted of the husband, the wife, and two or three children. Now, there are many marriages in whichcouples have decided not to have any children, and there are many marriages where at least some of the children are from the wife’s previous marriage, or the husband’s, or both. Sometimes these children spend all of their time with one parent from the former marriage; sometimes they are shared between the two former spouses .

Thus, one can find every type of tamely arrangement. There are marriages without children; marriages with children from only the present marriages; marriages with“full - time”children from both the present and former marriages; marriages with“full- time”children from the present marriage and“part- time”childrenfrom former marriages. There are stepfathers, stepmothers, half- brothers and half-sisters. It is not all that unusual for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents! These are enormous changes from the traditional nuclear family. But even so, even in the midst of all this, there remains one constant: most Americans spend most of their adult lives married.

练习题：

Choose correct answers to the question:

1.By calling Americans a marrying people the writer means that ________.

A.Americans are more traditional than Europeans

B More Americans prefer marriage and at a younger age than European

C.most divorced individuals remarry

D.marriage is the most important part of American life

2.From the first paragraph we can know that ____

A.traditional marriage now runs into difficulty

B.marriage rate has been rising since the 1970

C.marriage rate in Europe is rather low

D.European marry when they are quite old

3.Which of the following can be presented as the picture of today’s American families?

A. There are no nuclear families any more.

B. A family usually consists of only a husband ,a wife and two or three children

C. a child usually has four grandparents

D. Many types of family rearrangements have become socially acceptable.

4. “Part-time ”children ____

A.do part-time job to earn their living

B.spend all of their time with one parent from the previous marriage

C.are shared between the two former spouses

D.are quite unusual even in the U.S.A

5.Even though great changes have taken place in the structure of American families, ________ .

A. the functions of marriage remain unchanged

B. most Americans prefer a second marriage

C. the vast majority of Americans still have faith in marriage

D. nuclear family is alive and thriving

答案

1.[B] 事实细节题。本题考查特殊符号处。作者在第1段第2句很清楚地在Americans are a marrying people后面用冒号引出对这一说法的解释。对比选项A与选项B，就可发现选项A不够完整。

2.[A] 推理判断题。第1段第1句的主语揭示了答案应为选项A。选项B与原文第1段第3句的陈述不符，选项C和D均无原文依据。

3.[D] 推理判断题。本题涉及第2段的理解，该段第1句是一个主语从句，也可视为该段的主题句，点出了本段的主题是nuclear family，该段其他句子描述了什么是nuclear family。本题其实考四母鲅∠钍嵌nuclear family的正确描述，明白了第2段的结构后，找出正确答案就不难了。

4.[C] 推理判断题。在最后一段第1句中，通过对比full-time和part-time的本义，以及联系上下文讲到的家庭现象，可以推断出part-time children应是指时不时和父亲或母亲生活的小孩，由此可见，选项C是正确答案。选项A毫无原文依据，B明显错误，题干中问的是part-time children，故显然不可能spend all of their time,否则修饰语就应该是full-time,选项D与“It is not all that unusual…”相悖。

5.[C] 推理判断题。文章结尾处暗示了答案。原文并未讨论婚姻的功能，故选项A不对，选项B并无依据，选项D有悖第2段第1句的意思。

1.英语四级阅读理解练习题

2.英语四级阅读理解练习题

3.20英语四级阅读预测练习题

4.英语四级阅读试题练习

5.英语四级长篇阅读练习

6.月英语四级阅读练习：手语

7.英语四级阅读理解试题日常练习

8.英语四级阅读模拟练习题

9.英语四级阅读题巩固练习

10.英语四级阅读理解突破练习

篇2：12月英语四级阅读练习：写作

Like fine food, good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last. And good writers, like good cooks, do not suddenly appear full-blown. Quite the opposite, just as the cook has to undergo a particular training, mastering the skills of his trade, the writer must sit at hisdesk and devote long hours to achieving a style in his writing, whatever its purpose is―schoolwork, matters of business, or purely social communication.

You may be sure that the more painstaking the effort, the more effective the writing, and the more rewarding.

There are still some faraway places in the world where you might find a public scribe to do your business or social writing for you, for money. There are a few managers who are lucky enough to have the service ofthat rare kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note to work from. But for most of us, if there is any writing to be done, we have to do it ourselves.

We have to write school papers, business papers or home papers. We are constantly called on to put words to papers. It would be difficult to count the number of such words, messages, letters, and reports put intomails or delivered by hand, but the daily figures must be extremely large. What is more, everyone who writes expects, or at least hopes whatever he writes will be read, from first word to last, not just thrown into some “letters-to-be-read” files or into a wastepaper basket. This is the reason we bend our efforts toward learning and practicing the skills of interesting, effective writing.

练习题：

Choose correct answers to the question:

1. In this passage, good writing is compared to fine food in that _______.

A. both writers and cooks have to work a long time every day

B. both are essential to life

C. both are writers and cooks can earn a good living

D. both are enjoyable

2. A public “scribe” (Para 2, Line 1) is _____.

A.a secretary who does your business or social writing

B. a machine that does writing for you

C. a public school where writing is taught

D. a person who ears a living by writing for others

3. According to the passage, some managers don't have to do any letter writing because _____.

A. they rely on quick notes C. they have a computer to do it

B. they have excellent secretaries D. they prefer making phone calls

4. According to the author, if your letter is thrown into some “letter-to-be-read” file, ______.

A. it will receive immediate attention

B. it will be dealt with by the secretary

C. it is likely to be neglected

D. it is meant to be delivered soon

5. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is _____.

A. to explain and persuade

B. to comment and criticize

C. to interest and entertain

D. to argue and demonstrate

答案

1.[D] 文章首句提到，如同美味的食物,我们可以从好的作品中获得乐趣和享受，D与之相符，故为答案。

2.[D] 原文第2段首句提到，这种public scribe会帮你写商业文件或社会交流文章，但他们也会收费的，D与之相符A中的secretary应该是不收贵的，故排除;D中的machine与文中的remote places不相符，故也可排除。

3.[B] 文章第2段第2句提到，个别幸运的经理只需写下简便的笔记,其秘书就会写好所有的信件，因此B为答案。

4.[C] 文章第3段倒数第2句的大意是：我们希望自己写的东西能被人从头到尾地读，能不被扔进“letters-to-be read” file,且根据下文的a wastepaper basket可推测这里说的是希望自己写的东西不被忽视，故本题应选C。

5.[A] 由文章的结尾的this is the reason，知道作者有“解释”的目的，同时他说“我们要尽最大的努力学习和练习有趣、有效地写作的技巧”，可知有persuade(说服)的目的,故选A。

1.英语四级写作预热练习

2.英语四级写作练习话题作文

3.英语四级阅读巩固练习题

4.英语四级阅读理解练习题

5.大学英语四级阅读练习

6.年英语四级阅读预测练习题

7.最新英语四级阅读基础练习题及答案

8.英语四级阅读专项练习题

9.2017英语四级阅读理解练习题

10.2015年英语四级阅读理解练习题

篇3：12月英语四级阅读练习：仔细阅读

Passage One

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

According to the dictionary definition of “create”, ordinary people are creative every day. To create means “to bring into being, to cause to exist”―something each of us does daily.

We are creative whenever we look at or think about something in a new way. First this involves an awareness of our surroundings. It means using all of our sese to become aware of our world. This may be as simple as being aware of color and texture, as well as taste, when we plan a meal. Above all, it is the ability to notice things that others might miss.

A second part of creativity is an ability to see relationships among things. I f we believe the expression, “There is nothing new under the sun,” the creativ ity is remaking or recombining the old in new ways. For example, we might do this by finding a more effective way to study or a better way to arrange our furniture, or we might make a new combination of camera lenses and filters to cr eate an unusual photograph.

A third part of creativity is the courage and drive to make use of our new ide as, to apply them to achieve some new results. To think up a new concept is one thing; to put the idea to work is another.

These three parts of creativity are involved in all the great works of genius, but they are also involved in many of our day to day activities.

26.Which of the following activities is NOT a creative one according to t he passage?

A.To prepare a meal.

B.To arrange the furniture in a peculiar way.

C.To buy some books from a bookstore.

D.To “write” a letter with the computer.

27.The author holds that ____.

A.creativity is of highly demand

B.creativity is connected with a deep insight to some extent

C.creativity is to create something new and concrete

D.to practise and practise is the only way to cultivate one’s creativity

28.“There is nothing new under the sun.” (Par.3) really implies that ____.

A.we can seldom create new things B.a new thing is only a tale

C.a new thing can only be created at the basis of original things D.we can scarcely see really new things in the world

29.What does the author think about the relationship between a new though t and its being put into practice?

A.It’s more difficult to create a new thought than to apply it in practice.

B.To find a new thought will definitely lead to the production of a new thing.

C.One may come up with a new thought, but can not put it into practice.

D.A man with an excellent ability of practice can easily become an inventor.

30.The best title for this passage is ____.

A.How to Cultivate One’s Creativity B.What is Creativity

C.The Importance of Creativity D.Creativity―a Not Farway Thing

Passage Two

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

It is simple enough to say that since books have classes fiction, biography, poetry―we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconception when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice(同谋). If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible finess(委婉之处), from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite. The thirty two chapters of anovel―if we consider how to read a novel first―are an attempt to make something as formed and controlled as a building but words are more impalpable than bricks, reading is a longer and more complicated process than seeing. Perhaps the quickest way to understand the elements of what a novelist is doing is not to read, but to write; to make your own experiment with the dangers and difficulties of words. Recall, then, some event that has left a distinct impression on you―how at the corner of the street, perhaps, you passed two people talking. A tree shook; an electric light danced; the tone of the talk was comic, but also tragic; a whole vision, an entire conception, seemed contained in that moment.

21.What does the author mean by saying “Yet few people ask from books what books can give us.”?

A.The author means that lots of people read few books.

B.The author thinks that readers have only absorbed part of knowledge in books.

C.The author holds that few people have a proper idea about what content some kind of books should include.

D.The author considers that readers can scarcely understand most of the books.

22.According to the passage, which of the following statement is right?

A.A reader should find some mistakes when he is reading.

B.The more difficult a book is, the more you can get from it.

C.To read something is easier than to watch something.

D.One should be in the same track with the writer when he is reading.

23.What is the possible meaning of “impalpable” (Paragraph 2) in the passage?

A.Clear. B.Elusive. C.Delicate. D.Precise.

24.What’s the main idea of this passage?

A.The importance of reading. B.The proper way to read.

C.How to get most from one book. D.The characters of a good book.

25.When a writer is writing he often get the whole conception ____.

A.after a long time’s thinking

B.through an instant inspiration

C.according to his own experience

D.by way of watching the objects attentively

1.英语四级仔细阅读题练习

2.英语四级考试仔细阅读练习

3.6月英语四级仔细阅读练习题

4.206月英语四级仔细阅读练习试题

5.6月英语四级仔细阅读练习与答案

6.英语四级仔细阅读答题要点

7.英语四级仔细阅读技巧

8.英语四级仔细阅读题型

9.英语四级仔细阅读做题技巧

10.12月英语四级考试仔细阅读练习题

篇4：12月大学英语四级阅读练习及答案

Questions 46-55 are based on the following passage.

Beauty and Body Image in theMedia

A. Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women―and their bodyparts--sell everything from food to cars.Popular film and television actressesare becoming younger, taller and thinner. Some have even been known tofaint onthe set from lack of food. Women's magazines are full &articles urging thatif they can just lose thoselast twentypounds, they'll have it all―the perfect marriage, loving children, great sex,and a rewarding career

B. Why arc standards of beauty being imposed on women, the majorityofwhom are naturally larger and moremature than any of the models? The roots,some analysts say, are economic. By presenting an ideal difficult toachieve andmaintain, the cosmetic and diet product industries arc assured of growth andprofits. And it's noaccident that youth is increasingly promoted, along withthinness, as an essential criterion of beauty. If not allwomen need to loseweight, for sure they're all aging, says the Quebec Action Network for Women'sHealth inits report. And, according to the industry, age is a disasterthat needs to be dealt with.

C. The stakes are huge. On the one hand, women who are insecure about their bodies arc more likely tobuybeauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the dietindustry alone is worth anywherebetween 40 to 100 billion (U.S.. a year selling temporary weight loss (90% to 95% of dieters regainthe lostweight.. On the other hand, research indicatesthat exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed femalebodies is linked todepression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habitsin womenand girls.

D. The American research group Anorexia Nervosa & Related EatingDisorders, Inc. says that one out of everyfour college-aged women usesunhealthy methods of weight control--including fasting, skippingmeals,excessive exercise, laxative (泻药. abuse, andself-induced vomiting. The pressure to be thin is also affectingyoung girls:the Canadian Women's Health Network warns that weight control measures are nowbeing takenby girls as young as 5 and 6. American statistics are similar.Several studies, such as one conducted by MarikaTiggemann and Levina Clark in titled “Appearance Culture in 9- to 12-Year-Old Girls: Media andPeerInfluences on Body Dissatisfaction,” indicate that nearly half of allpreadolescent girls wish to be thinner, andas a result have engaged in a dietor are aware of the concept of dieting. In , Teen magazine reported that35percent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that 50to 70 percent of normal weightgirls believe they are overweight. Overallresearch indicates that 90% of women are dissatisfied with theirappearance insome way. Media activist Jean Kilbourne concludes that, “Women are sold tothe diet industryby the magazines we read and the television programs we watch,almost all of which make us feel anxiousabout our weight.”

E. Perhaps the most disturbing is the fact that media images of femalebeauty are unattainable for all but a verysmall number of women. Researchersgenerating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions,forexample, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of herupper body, and her bodywould be too narrow to contain more than halfa liverand a few centimeters of bowel. A real woman built thatway would suffer fromchronic diarrhea ( 慢性腹泻. and eventually die frommalnutrition. Jill Barad,President of Mattel (which manufactures Barbie., estimated that 99% of girls aged 3 to 10 years old own atleast oneBarbie doll. Still, the number of real life women and girls who seek asimilarly underweight body isepidemic, and they can suffer equally devastatinghealth consequences. In 2006 it was estimated that up to450,000 Canadian womenwere affected by an eating disorder.

F. Researchers report thatwomen's magazines have ten and one-half times more ads and articlespromotingweight loss than men's magazines do, and over three-quarters of thecovers of women's magazines include atleast one message about how to change awoman's bodily appearance--by diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery.Television andmovies reinforce the importance of a thin body as a measure of a woman's worth.Canadianresearcher Gregory Fouts reports that over three-quarters of the femalecharacters in TV situation comedies areunderweight, and only one in twenty areabove average in size. Heavier actresses tend to receive negativecomments frommale characters about their bodies (“How about wearing a sack?” ., and 80 percent of thesenegative comments are followed by cannedaudience laughter.

G. There have been efforts in the magazine industry to buck (抵制，反抗. the trend. For several years the Quebecmagazine Coup de Pouce hasconsistently included full-sized women in their fashion pages and Chatelainehaspledged not to touch up photos and not to include models less than 25 yearsof age. In Madrid, one of theworld's biggest fashion capitals, ultra-thinmodels were banned from the runway in 2006. Furthermore Spainhas recentlyundergone a project with the aim to standardize clothing sizes through using aunique process inwhich a laser beam is used to measure real life women's bodiesin order to find the most tree to lifemeasurement.

H. Another issue is the representation of ethnically diverse women inthe media. A study conducted byJuanita Covert and Travis Dixon titled“A Changing View: Representation and Effects of the Portrayal ofWomen ofColor in Mainstream Women's Magazines” found that although there was anincrease in therepresentation of women of c01our, overall white women wereoverrepresented in mainstream women'smagazines from to .

I. The barrage of messagesabout thinness, dieting and beauty tells “ordinary” women that theyare always inneed of adjustment--and that the female body is an object to beperfected. Jean Kilboume argues that theoverwhelming presence of media imagesof painfully thin women means that real women's bodies have become invisible in the mass media。 The real tragedy, Kilbourne concludes, is that many womeninternalizethese stereotypes, and judge themselves by the beauty industry'sstandards. Women learn to comparethemselves to other women, and to compete withthem for male attention: This focus on beauty and desirability“effectivelydestroys any awareness and action that might help to change that climate.”

根据以上内容，回答46-56题.

46、A report in Teen magazineshowed that 50% to 70% girls with normal weight think that they need to lose weight.

47、On the whole, for 6 yearswhite women had been occupying much more space in mainstream women's magazines since 1999.

48、Some negative effects suchas depression and unhealthy eating habits in females are related to their being exposed to images of thin and young femalebodies.

49、The mass media has helpedboost the cosmetic and the diet industries.

50、It is reported that thereis at least one message about the methods for women to change their bodilyappearance on more than three-quarters of the coversof women's magazines.

51、Some film and televisionactresses even faint on the scene due to eating too little.

52、Too much concern withappearance makes it impossible to change such abnormal trend.

53、Researchers found that areal woman with Barbie-doll proportions would eventually die from malnutrition.

54、The Quebec magazine Coup dePouce resists the trend by consistently including full-sized women in their fashion pages for several years.

55、According to some analysts,the fundamental reason of imposing standards of beauty on women is economic

答案解析：

46-55 DHCBF AIEBG

1.大学英语四级阅读练习题及答案

2.20大学英语四级阅读练习及答案

3.大学英语四级阅读练习题及答案分享

4.大学英语四级阅读练习

5.年6月大学英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案

6.2016年6月大学英语四级阅读练习及答案

7.2016年6月大学英语四级阅读练习及答案

8.2016年6月大学英语四级阅读练习题及答案

9.2016年大学英语四级阅读理解预测练习及答案

10.大学英语四级阅读预测练习题

篇5：12月英语四级阅读练习：工程学专业

Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality， but when it comes to mycollege education I am an idealist and a fool. In high school I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course,any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department，famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment. But that‘s not what I did.

I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts(文科)university that doesn‘t even offer a major in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career.I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren’t studying science orengineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me for such a sensible choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years,and I believed them.

I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering “factories” where they didn‘t care if you have values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist(人文学者)all in one.

Now I‘m not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do. After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal-arts courses,I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile(协调) engineering with liberal-arts courses in college.

The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don’t mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.

练习题：

Choose correct answers to the question:

1. The author chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university because he ________.

A. intended to be a combination of engineer and humanist

B. wanted to be an example of practicality and rationality

C. intended to be a sensible student with noble ideals

D. wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal-arts courses in college

2. According to the author，by interacting with people who study liberal arts， engineering students can ________.

A. broaden their horizons

B. become noble idealists

C. receive guidance in their careers

D. balance engineering and the liberal arts

3. In the eyes of the author，a successful engineering student is expected ________.

A. to be imaginative with a value system to guide him

B. to be a technical genius with a wide vision

C. to have an excellent academic record

D. to be wise and mature

4. The author‘s experience shows that he was ________.

A. creative

B. irrational

C. ambitious

D. Unrealistic

5. The word“they”in“together they threaten to confuse.”(Line 3，Para. 5) refers to ________.

A. practicality and rationality

B. engineering and the liberal arts

C. reality and noble ideals

D. flexibility and a value system

答案

1.[C] 事实细节题。根据文中第2段第3、4句的具体说明以及第3段末句的概括说明“我将成为一个完整的工程师：集理性的技术天才和感性的人文学者于一体。”可知C正确。

2.[A] 事实推理题。由文章第2段第4句“我想通过与非理工科的同学的相互交往来开阔我的视野”，可推断出A正确。其他均无原文依据或断章取义。

3.[B] 事实推理题。第3段最后一句说，“我将成为一个完整的工程师：集技术天才和人文学者于一体”，B“成为视野宽阔的技术天才”与原文相符，故选B。A、C、D均无原文支持或断章取义。

4.[D] 事实推理题。根据第4段第2句“我的崇{理想与现实发生了冲突”，以及下文对于作者在协调文理科之间的困难可知，原文的想法是不现实的，故可推断D正确。

5.[B] 词义理解题。they―般指代前一句话中的复数名词,根据最后一段的第1、2句“…engineering and the liberal arts simply don’t mix as easily…together they threaten to confuse”可以推断，they指的是engineering and the liberal arts。

1.12月英语四级阅读练习：大学专业选择

2.英语四级阅读理解试题日常练习

3.最新英语四级阅读基础练习题及答案

4.英语四级阅读题巩固练习

5.英语四级阅读理解突破练习

6.大学英语四级阅读练习

7.英语四级阅读理解练习题

8.20英语四级阅读预测练习题

9.2017年12月英语四级阅读练习：写作

10.英语四级阅读冲刺练习

篇6：12月英语四级阅读练习：段落匹配

月英语四级阅读练习：段落匹配

Directions: In this section, you are going to read apassage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains informationgiven in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which theinformation is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Eachparagraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

TV Linked to Lower Marks

A) The effect of television on children has been debatedever since the first sets were turned on. Now three new studies find that toomuch tube time can lower test scores, retard learning and even predict collegeperformance. The reports appear in the July issue of the Archives of Pediatrics& Ado-lescent Medicine.

B) In the first report, researchers studied the effectthat having a TV in a child's bedroom can have on third graders. “Welooked at the household media environment in relation to academic achievementon mathematics, reading and language artstests,” said study author Dina L.G. Borzekowski, an as-sistant professorat Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

C) Borzekowski and her colleague, Dr. Thomas Robinson ofStanford University, collected data on386 third graders and their parents abouthow much TV the children watched, the number of TV sets, computers and videogame consoles in the household and where they were. They also collected data onhow much time the children spent using the different media, as well as the timespent doing homework and reading. The researchers found that the media in thehousehold, where it is and how it is used can have a profound effect onlearning. “We found that the household media environment has a very closeassociation with performance on the different test scores,” Borzekowskisaid.

D) “A child who has a TV in his or her bedroom islikely to have a score that is eight points lower on a mathematics testcompared to a child who doesn't have a TV in the bedroom,” she noted.These children also scored lower on the reading and language arts tests.However, children who have ac-cess to a home computer are likely to have higherscores on each of the tests compared with children who don't have access to ahome computer, Borzekowski noted.

E) The reasons why TV has this negative effect are notclear, Borzekowski said. “When there's TV in the bedroom, parents are lesslikely to have control over the content and the amount watched,”Borzekowski said. “They are also unable to know how early or how late theset is on. This seems to be associated with kids' performance on academictests.” Borzekowski believes that content and the time the TV is on may bethe primary reasons for its negative effect. “If the TV is in the familyroom, then parents can see the content of what children are watching,” shesaid. “Parents can choose to sit alongside and watch, or turn the set off.A simple and straightforward, positive parenting strategy is to keep the TV outof the child's bedroom, or remove it if it's already there.”

F) In the second report, Dr. Robert J. Hancox from theUniversity of Ot ago in Dunedin, New Zealand, and colleagues found, regardlessof your intelligence or social background, if you watch a lot of TV duringchildhood, you are a lot less likely to have a college degree by your mid-20s.In their study, the researchers followed 1,037 people born in 1972 and 1973.Every two years, between the ages of5 and 15, they were asked how muchtelevision they watched. The researchers found that those who watched the mosttelevision during these years had earned fewer degrees by the time they were26.“We found that the more television the child had watched, the morelikely they were to leave school without any qualifications,” Hancox saidin a prepared statement. “Those who watched little television had the bestchance of going on to university and earning a degree.”

G) Hancox's team found that watching TV at an early agehad the most effect on graduating from college. “An interesting findingwas that although teenage viewing was strongly linked to leaving school withoutany qualifications, it was earlier childhood viewing that had the greatestimpact on getting a degree,” he said. “This suggests that excessivetelevision in younger children has a long-lasting adverse effect on educationalperformance.”

H) In the third paper, Frederick J. Zimmerman and Dr.Dimitri A. Christakis from the University of Washington report that, for veryyoung children, watching TV can result in lower test scores in mathematics,reading recognition and reading comprehension. “We looked at how muchtelevision children watched before age 3 and then at ages 3 to 5,”Zimmerman said. “We found that for children who watched a small amount ofTV in the earlier years, there was co nsider able beneficial effect compared tochildren who watched a lot of TV.”

I) For children aged 3 to 5, the effect was not as clear,Zimmerman said. “There were some beneficial effects of watching TV onreading, but no beneficial effects for math or vocabulary,” he noted.“The worst pattern was to watch more than three hours of TV before age 3.Those kids had a significant disadvantage compared to the other kids.”Parents should follow the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation, whichis no TV for children under 2, Zimmerman said. “Personally, I feel thecutoff should be children under 3, because there is just not any good contentfor children under 3.”

J) One expert believes that TV can have both positive andnegative effects, but it all depends on what children are watching.“Content matters,” said Deborah L. Line barger, an assistantprofessor at the University of Pennsylvania, who co-authored an accompanyingeditorial. “Educational content has been found to be related toperformance on school readiness tests, higher grades when they are teen-agers,whereas, non-educational content tends to be associated with lower academicperformance.”

K) Another expert agrees. “TV watching takes upspace that could be used by more useful things,” said Dr. Christopher P.Lucas, a clinical coordinator at the Early Childhood Evaluation and TreatmentProgram at the New York University Child Study Center. “TV is notnecessarily toxic, but is some-thing that has to be done in moderation;something that balances the other needs of the child for healthydevelopment.”

L) Lucas puts the responsibility for how much TV kidswatch and what they watch squarely on parents. “The amount of TV watchingcertainly has a link with the reduced amount of time reading or doinghomework,” he said. “The key is the amount of control parents have inlimiting the amount of access. Get the TV out of the bedroom; be aware of whatis being watched; limit the amount of TV watching.”

46. According to Borzekowski, children having chances touse a family computer are likely to acquire better results on the differenttests.

47. The reports issued in the Archives of Pediatrics& Adolescents Medicine find that watching too much TV leads to poor performancein school.

48. Watching more than three hours of TV before age 3 hasbad effect on kids.

49. According to the second report, the chance for one toacquire a college degree depends on the amount of his TV watching duringchildhood.

50. In Deborah L. Lingbarger's opinion, educationalcontent is helpful for teenagers to get better results on school readinesstests.

51. The environment of family media greatly affectschildren's test scores according to the first report.

52. Borzekowski believes that TV's negative effect onchildren's marks may mainly lie in what children watch on TV and how much timethey spend on it.

53. Lucas thinks parents should take the responsibilityto supervise kids' TV watching.

54. According to the recommendation from American Academyof Pediatrics, children under 2 should watch no TV.

55. Hancox thinks earlier childhood TV watching affectsone's acquiring a college degree most.

SectionB

电视机与成绩差有关

A.)自电视机问世以来，其对孩子的影响便一直颇具争议。【47】目前，有三项新的研究发现，看电视事假太长会导致学习成绩下降，妨碍学习进步，甚至影响在大学的成绩。这三项研究报告刊截在7月份的《儿科和青春期医学档案》杂志上。

B)在第一份报告中，研究人员研究在三年级学生的卧室里放置电视对他们的影响。其中的一位研究人员是约翰霍普金斯大学彭博公共卫生学院的助理教授DinaL.G.Borzekowski，她表示：“我们研究的是家庭媒体环境对数学、阅读和语言艺术等科目测试成绩的影响。”

C)Borzekowski和她的同事，斯坦福大学的ThomasRobinson博士，调查了386位三年级学生及其父母，收集了大量关于孩子看电视花费的时间、家中的电视机、电脑和视频游戏设备的数量及其摆放位置。他们还收集了一些关于孩子在不同媒体上所花的时间和在家庭作业与阅读上所花的时间的数据。研究人员发现，家中媒体设备的摆放位置和使用方式对孩子的学习有重要的影响。【51】Borzekowski表示：“我们发现家庭媒体环境与孩子不同的测验分数的表现有密切的关系。”

D)她表示：“卧室有电视机的孩子，其数学成绩比卧室没有电视机的孩子很可能会低8分。”而且他们的阅读和语言艺术考试成绩也相对降低。可是Borzekowski又说，【46】可以使用家庭电脑的孩子比家中没有电脑的孩子更有可能在这些科目的测试中取程更高的分数。

E)Borzekowsk表示目前关于电视会造成这种负面影响的原因尚不明确。她说：“如果孩子的卧室有电视机，家长便不太可能控制孩子们观看的内容和时间。他们也不可能知道孩子们多早或多晚打开电视机。这似乎与孩子的学习成绩有关。”【52】 Bomekows】认为电视内容和观看的时间可能是导致电视机的负面影响的主要原因。“如果电视在客厅，那么家长便可以知道孩子所观看的内容，”她说。 “家长可以选择坐在旁边一起观看，或者将电视机关掉。一个简单、直接、有效地方式就是不要在孩子的卧室放电视机，如果已经放了，那就搬出来吧。”

G)Hancox的研究团队还发现儿童时期看电视对从大学毕业的影响最大。他说：“一项有趣的发现是，虽然少年时期看电视很可能会导致没有毕业就离开学校，但是对能否取得学位影响最大的却是童年时期看电视。这表明，在童年时期，过度看电视会对学业造成长期持续的不利影响。”

H)在第三份报告中，Frederick J.Zimmerman和来自华盛顿大学的Dimitri A.Christakis博士认为，对于幼儿来说，看电视会导致数学、阅读认知和阅读理解的分数降低。Zimmerman表示“我们研究了孩子在3岁以前和在3到5岁之间看电视所花的时间的数量，结果发现与花许多时间看电视的孩子相比，小时候很少看电视的孩子有相当大的优势。”

J)一位专家认为，电视有积极和消极的影响，而这完全取决于孩子所看的内容。宾夕法尼亚大学的助理教授Deborah L.Linebarger曾参与编写一篇补充社论，他认为：“内容很重要。【50】教育性的内容与入学须备考试的成绩有关，有助于青少年取得更好的成绩，而非教育性的力容则往往导致学习成绩下降。”

K)另外一位专家Christopher P.Lucas博士也同意这一观点。他是纽约大学儿童研究中心幼儿评价与治疗计划的临床协调员，他认为：“看电视会占据用于做其他更有用的事情的时间。电视不一定有害处，但是看电视应该适度。为了孩子的健康发展，看电视要和孩子的其他需求保持平衡。”

L)【53】Lucae认为孩子看电视的时间和内容该完全由父母负责监督。他说：“看电视的时间太长，自然就会减少阅读或做家庭作业的时间。关键在于家长要控制孩子看电视的时间。把电视从卧室里搬出来，要知道孩子观看的内容，限制看电视的时间。”

46.According to Borzekowski，childrenhaving chances to use a family computer are likely to acquire better re-suitson the different tests.Borzekowski发现能接触使用家用电脑的孩子各项测试成绩一般更好。

【解析】 D)。细节题。根据句中chancestouseafamily computer可将答案定位于D)段最后一句话。可是Borzekowski又说，可以使用家庭电脑的孩子比家中没有电脑的孩子更有可能在这些科目的测试中取得更高的分数.

47.The reports issued in the Archives ofPediatrics&Adolescents Medicine find that watching too much TV leads topoor perform ancein sch001.《儿科和青春期医学档案》杂志研究发现看电视时间太长会导致学习成绩差。

【解析】 A)。细节题。根据句中the Archives ofPediatrics& Adolescents Medicine可将答案定位于Al段后两句。目前，有三项新的研究发现，看电视时间太长会导致学习成绩下降，妨碍学习进步，甚至影响在大学的成绩。这三项研究报告刊载在7月份的《儿科和青春期医学档案》杂志上。

48.Watching more than three hours of TV before age 3 hasbad effect on kids.

三岁前每天看电视三个小时以上会对孩子产生不好的影响。

【解析】I)。细节题。根据句中more than threehours of TV before age 3可将答案定位于I)段第三四句话。最糟糕的便是在3岁之前每天看3个小时以上的电视。与其他孩子相比，他们会有较大的劣势。

49.According to the second report，the chance for one to acquire a college degree depends on the amountof his TV watching during childhood.

第二则报告显示：一个人能否获取大学学位取决于他少年期看电视的时间。

【解析】F)。归纳题。根据句中the chance for oneto acquire a college degree可将答案定位于F)段。F段整段的中心意思就是少年期看电视越多越不容易获得大学学位，反之亦然。

50.In Deborah L.Lingbarger’s opinion，educational content is helpful for teenagers to get better resultson school readiness tests.Deborah L.Ling barger认为(电视上的)教育性内容可以帮助青少年在入学预备考试中取得更好的成绩。

【解析】 J)。细节题。根据句中educationalcontent可将答案定位于J)段末句。内容很重要。教育性的内容与入学预备考试的成绩有关，有助于青少年取得更好的成绩，而非教育性的内容则往往导致学习成绩下降。

51. environment of family media greatly affectschildren’s test Scorcs according to the first report.

第一则报告发现，家庭媒体环境极大地影响孩子的测试成绩。

【解析】C)。细节题。根据句中environment offamily media可将答案定位于C)段末句。我们发现家庭媒体环境与孩子不同的测验分数的表现有密切的关系。

52.Borzekowski believes that TV’s negative effect onchildren’s marks may mainly lie in what children watch on TV and how much timethey spend on it.

Borzekowski认为电视给孩子的成绩带来负面影响，原因主要在于其收看内容和时长。

【解析】 E)。细节题。根据句中TV’s negativeeffect可将答案定位于E)段，此段整段都在探讨电视负面效应的原因。其中一句尤为点题：Borzekowskibelieves that content and the lime the"IV is on maybe the primary reasons for its negative effect.Borzekowski认为电视内容和观看的时间可能是导致电视机的负面影响的主要原因。What children watch on TV and how much time they spend on it是.content and the time的同类表述。

53Lucas thinks parents should take the responsibility tosupervise kids’TV watchin. Lucas认为父母有责任监督孩子看电视。

【解析】 L)。细节题。根据句中parents shouldtake the responsibility可将答案定位于L)段首句。Lucas认为孩予看电视的时间和内容应该完全由父母负责监督。

54.According to therecommendation from American Academy of Peadialrics，children under 2 should watch TV.

美国小儿科协会建议不要让两岁以下孩子看电视。

【解析】 I)。细节题。根据句中Amcerican Academyof Peadiatrics和under2可将答案定位于I)段倒数第二句。Zimmerman表示家长应该听从美国小儿科学会的建议，不要让2岁以下的孩子看电视。

55.Hancox thinks earlier childhood TV watching affectsone’s acquiring a college degree most.

Hancox认为儿童早期看电视最影响一个人能否获取大学学位。

【解析】 G)。细节题。根据句中earlier childhood和college degree可将答案定位于G)段第二句。一项有趣的发现是，虽然少年时期看电视很可能会导致没有毕业就离开学校，但是对能否取得学位影响最大的却是童年时期看电视。

1.英语四级阅读段落信息匹配题解题技巧

2.英语四级阅读信息匹配辅导练习题及答案

3.攻克英语四级段落信息匹配题

4.英语四级段落匹配真题及答案