【导语】下面是小编为大家整理的关于美国大学期末考试概况（共9篇），仅供大家参考借鉴，希望大家喜欢，并能积极分享!
篇1：关于美国大学期末考试概况
又到一年期末冲刺时节，经历过平时上课随意、考前突击复习、考完立马忘光的国内大学三部曲洗礼的人都明白，眼下正是临阵磨枪不亮也光的关键时刻，不少大学生们直呼通宵复习好苦逼! 那么在眼下最热门的留学国DD美国，那里的大学期末考试又是怎样的呢?目前在华盛顿大学(全美42位)就读的陈同学说：美国大学期末考试不会很紧张，考前也不用突击，基本比较平稳地准备就能考好。
人物介绍：陈同学，计算机工程专业，大一第一学期结束维持GPA4.0满分，受邀参加优秀留学生颁奖晚会，刚下飞机驱车数小时回绍兴后还没倒时差就再自己开车赶赴杭州会场。还是准新生的他被颁奖现场的浓烈气氛感染，信心满满地准备冲刺优秀留学生奖项!
期末考：只占GPA35%
美国的大学绩点计算不同于国内，是由多部分组成，期末考试只是其中重要的一项，只要平时作业都能较好完成，就算期末考试发挥失常也不会严重影响GPA。这样不但减轻了备考压力，对学生学业的评定也更为客观公正。
不同学校和专业期末考试所占GPA比重略有不同，基本在30~40%左右，陈同学就读的华大就占35%。
考试中：有些允许带小抄
小抄并不是开卷考，而是学校允许的固定大小的卡片。在某些课程的考试中，学生可以在卡片上抄好一些复杂的公示或者原理，直接带进考场答题。据陈同学介绍，美国大学的考试目的很明确，重在应用而非识记。有些考试甚至会在试卷上就有公式罗列，不需要学生花时间精力去记忆，能用它们正确解题就能拿分。
考场大：随便坐不能中途离开
区别于国内考场事先被安排座位，陈同学形容：美国大学的考场大家几乎是挤着坐。除了不指定安排考位，一般大一大二学生选择的热门基础课程都是几百人同时考，7-8个教师巡场监考。考试时间基本在2-3小时，中途基本不允许离开，但允许自由交卷。
和国内大学一样，在考试之前国外的教授也会告诉学生期末会考哪些章节和知识点，但考试的内容与讲课内容一致，不会考没讲过的内容来刁难学生。已经拿到第一学期GPA满分4.0的陈同学说：期末考试的内容跟平时讲课和作业的内容差不多，只要平时作业认真完成了，复习起来也不难。在PA(助教)批改完试卷后就能在校网上查到自己每门课的成绩了。
作业严：全美网上系统完成
既然美国大学的期末考试并不是拿到好成绩的决定因素，那么平时作业是否会有空子可钻?陈同学回答说：不可能。
在美国大学有一套课后作业网上系统，一般每周教授们会根据授课内容布置1次作业，学生在指定时间范围内用电脑答题交卷，立刻就能知道自己的成绩。当然还有一些论文、小组课题之类的作业，由教授综合评分。
篇2：美国概况期末考试
美国考点
1、Melting Pot :The USA is honorably called “Melting Pot”,a phrase commonly used to signify the mixture and assimilation of different races that have immigrated into the US.
2、Capital:Washington D.C
3、Thomas Jefferson was the first president inaugurated there.
4、The White House is the official presidential residence.
5、The Big Apple:New York City is often called “The Big Apple”,which was termed by jazz musician to describe something that is the ultimate in size,excitement and achievement.
6、Committee of Correspondence----Sons of Liberty自由之子组织 An organization before the American Independence War.In 1772,at the suggestion of Samuel Adams,the Boston town meeting appointed a “Committee of Correspondence” to get in touch with people of other towns of the colonies about England’s treatment of the settlers.
7、the Declaration o independence<独立宣言> According to the development of the situation,the Second Continental Congress which was still in session decided to draw up a declaration of independence at the suggestion of Richard Herry Lee,a representative of Virginia.The document was drawn by a committee including Thomas Jefferson as head. On July 4th ,1776,the document was accepted by the Congress and since then July 4th has been observed as National Day of the United States.
8、Monroe Doctrine门罗主义 Not long after the war of 1812,some European colonies in South Africa began to revolt and many of them started independent republics,such as Chile,Peru,Mexico and Brazil.So some European countries formed a group called the Holy Alliance(神圣同盟)which seemed ready to help put down the South America revolutions.The United States thought it was unfavorable to her if the Holy Alliance extended its influence in South America.In 1823 President Monroe sent a message to Congress.This is known as “Monroe Doctrine”.The main points are ：
① The European countries ought not to start any new colonies in North or South America.
② The European Countries ought not to interfere with the newly---established South American republics.
③ The United States ought not to interfere in the affairs of European countries .
This Monroe Doctrine stopped the Holy Alliance’s program ,and prevented the European countries from extending their influence in South American.However,it also revealed that the United States meant to control the whole of the Americas.The “Monroe Doctrine” marked a new beginning in American history and it was an important symbol of America expansionism.
9、The American Civil War
10、(1)Q:What was the situation before the Civil War?And why was the war inevitable?(lasted 4 years,1861~1865) A:
1)Three Great Tides.
①The first tide was the “Westward Movement”.Between 1815 and 1830 over 500,000 Europeans came into the United States.Theses immigrants,landless farmers,and jobless workers moved westward to the vast area of wilderness.
② The second tide was about the two economic systems in the North and the South.----Industrial and Plantation.(工业经济与种植园经济)This was the main cause of the conflict and also the main cause of the Civil War between the North and the South.
③ The third tide was the growth of the working class.The Western Movement,the two different economic systems of the North and the South and the upsurge of the worker’s movement formed the main aspects of the situation before the Civil War.
2)The Slavery Problem Shortly after the revolution the Northern states began to get rid of their slaves because slave labor wars not profitable. 1852---”Uncle Tom’s Cabin”came out,written by Harriet Beecher Stowe.
3)The Political Conflicts
①the Republicans and the Democrats
篇3：中国概况 期末考试
中国文化概况期末复习
一、名词解释
1、the Grand Canal
The most famous man-made canal in China is the Grand Canal between Beijing and Hangzhou,1801km in length.It Passes through the city of Tianjin and four provinces and links five major rivers.The canal was open to navigation over 1000 years ago.It played and important role in facilitating trade between the south and the north and was regarded as the country's transportation and information“highway”before the advent of the railway.
2、the White Horse Temple
The White Horse Temple,located 21 kilometres east of the Louyang City, Henan Province,was the first officially built Buddhist temple in China in the Eastern Han Dynasty.It was named after the white horse that carried the Buddhist scriptures from India to Luoyang, then the capital of the country.
3、the Book of Songs
The Book of Songs is a collection of China's 305 oldest poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle Spring and Autumn Period, and is regarded as the earliest realistic literature in China.
4、the Four Literary Eminences
The Four Literary Eminences refer to the four pre-eminent poets of the early Tang Dynasty, Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Luo Binwang, and Lu Zhaolin, the pioneers of Tang poetry.Their poems, in a refined language, boast beautiful tonal patterns and rhyme schemes.
5、Beijing Opera
Beijing Opera is regarded as China's national opera.Singing, recitation,acting, and acrobatic fighting are the four artistic means and the four basic skills of Beijing Opera.
6、Shaanxi Opera
Shanxi Opera，the oldest of all the Chinese operas that are still in existence today, is the typical opera popular of Shaanxi Province.
7、Yue Opera(越剧)
Yue Opera is one type of traditional local operas that originated in Shengxian County,Zhejiang Province, but it is popular throughout Zhejiang Province and Shanghai as well as in many large and medium-sized cities throughout the country.
8、Yue Opera(粤剧)
Yue Opera is one type of traditional local operas,popular in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces and in Chinese communities in South Asia and America.
9、Private Schools
A private school refers to a school set up by a family, generally with just one teacher who gave individual tuition, and with neither set textbooks nor specified time span of study.
10、Official Schools
Official Schools began during the Western Zhou Dynasty, and were sponsored by the official constitution called xiangxue.Only children of nobles were admitted.The official schooling system included a central school and local schools in different administrative regions.The teaching materials were centered on The Four Books and The Five Classics.
11、Ping-Pong Diplomacy
In April 1971, at the 31st World Table Tennis Tournament in Japan, the Chinese team invited the United States table tennis(Ping-Pong)team to visit China.In 1972, the Chinese table tennis team accepted the invitation to pay return visit to the United States.The friendly exchange between the table tennis players of the two countries opened the door to warmer relations between the table tennis players of the two countries opened the door to warmer relations between the Chinese and American nations, and become known as “Ping-Pong Diplomacy”.
12、Spring Festival
Spring Festival, also called the Chinese New Year,is China's most important festival that falls on the 1st day of the 1st lunar month each year.Family members gather just as they do for Christmas in the West.
13、Lantern Festival
The Lantern Festival, celebrated on the 15th day of the first lunar month, is closely related to the Spring Festival.It marks the end of the New Year celebrations, following which life returns to normal.
14、the Silk Road
The Silk Road was the main trade route running through Asia in ancient times.It started from the Weishui Valley in the east and ended on the east coast of the Mediterranean,from where it led to various places around Europe.From the Western Han Dynasty on,China and the West was formed, and cultural exchanges and friendly visits were promoted.
15、Chinese batik
Batik is a traditional Chinese folk art, which combines painting and dyeing.It presents a variety of ethnic styles and is most popular among the Buyi, the Miao and the Yao ethnic group.
16、Huabiao
Huabiao are paired ceremonial columns erected in front of palace or tomb, usually carved with dragon and phoenix patterns, with a transverse-engraved stone slab on its top.
17、the Bund
The 1.5 km belt along the Huangpu River between Waibaidu Bridge and East Yan'an Road is called the Bund.Here, those European-style buildings, once housed foreign consulates,banks ,commercial firms and newspaper offices, are still in use today.When evening comes, the banks of the Huangpu River are busy with strolling young couples and throngs of foreign tourists.
二、填空
1、The red colour of the national flag of the PRC symbolises revolution and the yellow colour of the stars the golden brilliant rays radiating from the vast red land.The design of four smallerstars surrounding a bigger one signifies the unity of the Chinese people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.
2、China is a country of varied topographical features with highlands in the west and plains inthe east.Mountainous land and very rough terrains make up about 67% of Chinese territory,basinsand plains 33%.
3、Of the many Buddhist Mountains,Mount Wutai,MountEmei, MountPutuo andMountJiuhua are accepted as the Four Sacred Buddhist Mountains in China.
4、Among the literary giants, Li Bai and Du Fu are regarded as the twin master of the Tang Dynasty.
5、Du Fu,the “Saint Poet”,has been regarded as the greatest realistic poet in Chinese literature.
6、Li Bai,the “Celestial Poet”,has long been considered the greatest romantic poet in Chinese
literature.
7、Undergraduate studies cover basic courses, specialty basic courses,andspecialty
courses.College and university students also have a wide choice of extracurricular activitiesand every institution of higher learning has a student association practicing “self-management,self-education,and self-service.”
8、Li Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty,whose monumental masterpiece,Compendium of Meteria
Medica, includes 1892 medicinal substances,11096 prescriptions, and 1162 illustrations.Eight
hundred and thirty-five years earlier than the next pharmacopeia in the world,this book has been translated into various languages and circulated throughout many countries.
9、Qigong is divided into two categories:the torso and training specific arm and leg muscles
10、The “five-animal exercise”is a set of health-building exercise imitating the movements of
five animals---tiger, deer, bear, ape and bird.
11、Generally speaking, there are three essential factors by which Chinese cooking is judged,
namely colour,aroma,and taste,with taste being the most important.
12、At a formal banquet,the host prepares adequate seating for the guests.Special guests and the elderly sit on the north side of the table or directly facing the entrance to the room.The concept of “honored south,humble north”is closely related with Chinese traditional etiquette. 13、The layout of ancient architecture is plain;flexible;beautiful.
14、The glaze was normally in one of four colours:yellow,green,blue,black.
15、The Thirteen Ming Tombs are situated at the foot of the Heavenly Longevity Mountain to
the northwest of Beijing.Among the
16 emperors in the Ming Dynasty,13 were buried in the Ming
tomb area, along with 23 empresses,and many concubines, princes, princesses and maids. 三、翻译 Chinese pagodas come in various sizes and shapes.Some resembles towers, others pavilions and still others are similar to pyramids.Some stand alone,and others have been built in clusters.
四、简答
1、The development of ancient Chinese philosophy
In general,ancient Chinese philosophy progresses through the following periods: ①The philosophy in pre-Qin times The philosophy in pre-Qin times was marked by the emergence of various ancient philosophical views.The most influential schools were Confucianism,Taoism, Mohism and Legalism. ②The orthodox philosophy during the Han Dynasty ③Metaphysics during the Wei and Jin dynasties ④The Buddhist philosophy during the Sui and Tang dynasties ⑤Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming dynasties ⑥Application philosophy in the Ming and Qing dynasties 2、Four treasures of the study
Four treasures of the study refers to the writing brush, ink stick,paper and ink stone.It is widely accepted that the best of each of these items is represented by the Hu brush,Hui ink stick, Xuan paper,and Duan ink stone, all being highly valued in both China and abroad.
3、The Features of Chinese food ①colour, aroma, and taste ②cooling method
篇4：美国莱斯大学概况和留学优势
美国莱斯大学概况和留学优势
学校名称：美国莱斯大学 Rice University
所在位置：美国，休斯敦
学校设置类型：综合性大学
创建时间：1891年
学校性质：私立
学生人数：5456人
院校地址：PO Box 1892 Houston, TX 77251-1892 (713) 348-0000
学校中文网址：/school/9275
美国莱斯大学是由德克萨斯州棉花巨富威廉-马歇尔-莱斯于1891年在南方宁静的休斯顿市郊创建的。其前身是莱斯学院，1960年正式更名为莱斯大学。如今美国莱斯大学已有百余年的历史，并发展为实力雄厚的综合性研究型大学，是美国南部地区最著名的私立大学，也是全美最好的高等学府之一，美国莱斯大学的商学院、工学院等在全美高等院校中名列前茅。美国莱斯大学曾与北卡罗莱纳州的杜克大学和弗吉尼亚州的弗吉尼亚大学齐名，号称南方哈佛(The Harvard of the South)。招收的全日制本科生中，有75%在高中时是名列前5%的优秀生。学生的SAT分数水平足与哈佛、耶鲁这些名校媲美，录取率比多数常春藤大学还低，目前为12:1。 莱斯大学校区不大，但是环境优美。距离市中心约3里路，周围是休斯顿的一个富人区，治安良好。与著名的医学中心一街之隔。
莱斯大学设有数十个学科专业，涉及领域较广，大部分具有很强的科研教学实力，可以授予硕士、博士学位，其中一些专业较有影响力。教学采用小班制，教授重视学生，没有架子，师生之间互动良好，充满活力。其学术水准在全美大学中堪称优秀。尤其值得一提的是，该校两名教师因其在纳米技术领域的杰出研究而荣获了诺贝尔化学奖。20统计数据显示，该校教师中有17名美国工程院院士、7名美国科学院院士。
莱斯大学多年来以工程、管理、科学、艺术、人类学闻名，尤其以工程系最为优秀。近年来，它致力于本科综合教育以及专科预备生的预科教育。不仅物理系非常不错，英语、历史和考古学系也非常受学生们欢迎。工程系和医学预科(8年的荣誉双学位项目)录取率极低，每年只收15个学生，是全校竞争最激烈的。莱斯大学建筑系是全美最好的建筑系之一，而空间物理系与美国宇航局交往甚密，有几个共同的研究项目。学校还建有布鲁克黑文国家实验室、阿拉希伯天文台、Nmp光谱学实验室、生理医学工程实验室、费米国家实验室等科研机构和工学院、管理学院、建筑学院、人文学院、社会学院、自然科学学院等研究生院。
留学优势
刚建校时，莱斯大学的宗旨是教育德克萨斯州和休斯敦市的青年，它博采众长，集好大学该有的特点于一身，在学术上以治学严谨的普林斯顿大学作模范;在宿舍管理系统上则是效仿英国牛津大学的住宿学院制;在建筑风格上，校园内笔直参天的橡树、石子小径和西班牙地中海式的房屋，犹如斯坦福大学的翻版;而在学费上，莱斯大学则更像美国的'一般公立大学。
莱斯大学低廉的收费，在美国高等院校中独树一帜，分外抢眼。学校规模不大，有在校本科生3,920人，研究生2,567人，全日制本科的师生比例为1:5，在校生中有17%的学生来自美国以外的其他国家和地区。
为了吸引家庭经济条件不那么宽裕的优秀高中毕业生，学校设置了种类繁多的奖学金，高水准的教学质量和低廉的收费标准为学校赢得了价廉物美，物超所值的美名。在《金钱》杂志最合算的大学排行榜上荣登榜首。
莱斯大学鼓励学生们选修双专业、甚至三专业，而且经常是电子工程和艺术史这种看起来毫不相干的领域相搭配，将近35%的学生攻读一个以上的专业。不过，在学校里读理工科的学生还是占大多数。
篇5：留学美国的大学学位概况介绍
留学美国的大学学位概况介绍
美国留学大学各级别学位分析介绍。副学士学位Associate Degree：读完两年制社区大学或职业技术学院所得到学位。在学术学习课程以外，美国的高等院校还为高级职业培训提供实践课程。这种课程一般由两年制的社区大学提供。学生完成两年的学习后，除了发给证书和文凭以外，还可以获得副学士学位。
学士学位Bachelor：美国学生获得的学位一般是文学学士(BA)或理学学士(BS)，在完成为期四年的学业以后颁发。在头两年学习期间，美国学生要学习普通学科领域的一些必修课程，第二年结束后选择一门(或两门)专业课，剩下的两年就学习这些学科领域内的课程(尽管他们并不受其限制)。获得学士学位以后，多数美国人会结束他们的`学习生涯，开始找工作。我们把以获得BA/BS学位为目标的四年制课程学习称作本科学习。
文学学士B.A.(Bachelor of Science)：属于人文、艺术或社会科学的领域，如文学、教育、艺术、音乐。
理学学士B.S.(Bachelor of Arts)：属理工、科学的领域，如数学、物理、信息等。
硕士学位Master：决定继续进行学术深造的人可以在一年或两年后获得文学硕士或理学硕士学位。硕士学位只有本科院校才能授予，专科院校则无权授予。同理，只有本科院校授予职业学位，如法学博士(法学)、医学博士(医学)以及众所周知的工商管理硕士，即MBA。完成这些职业学位通常需要二到四年的时间。最终获得M.A./M.S，职业学位或博士学位的连续学习称为研究生学习。
文学硕士M.A.(Master of Arts)：属于人文、艺术或社会科学的领域，如文学、教育、艺术、音乐等。
理学硕士M.S.(Master of Science)：属理工、科学的领域，如数学、物理、信息等。
双学位(Dual Degree)：是由两个不同学院分别授予，因此得到的是两个学位。
Joint Degree：为两个不同学院联合给予一个学位，如：法律经济硕士 Major：主修，Minor：辅修。
博士(P.HD)：在美国，获取博士学位(哲学博士，或Ph.D.)需要四到六年的时间。博士研究的第一阶段一般为期两年，结束时要对此前所学所有学科领域进行一次总体考试，称为初试或资格考试，通过后就可以开始为博士毕业论文进行研究。
篇6：英语国家概况期末考试
专业 班级 姓名 分数
全部题目用英文作答，并将答案写在答题纸的相应位置上，否则不计分。
考试时间共150分钟。
Part One (40 points)
I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished
statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose
the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the
letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (40
points, 1 point for each)
1. On the island of Great Britain, there are _______.
A. four political divisions --- England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland
B. four political divisions --- England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland
C. three political divisions --- England, Scotland, and Wales
D. three political divisions --- England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland
2. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC?
A. Emperor Claudius
B. Julius Caesar
C. King Alfred
D. King Ethelred
3. Who is the author of Murder in the Cathedral?
A. Christopher Marlowe
B. T. S. Eliot
C. Ben Johnson
D. Thomas Becket
4. In England, the most famous of the Catholic conspiracies was _______.
A. the Cobham’s Plot
B. the Gunpowder Plot
C. the murder of Thomas Becket
D. the execution of Mary Queen of Scots
5. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of ________.
A. India
B. Australia
C. Canada
D. Newfoundland
6. The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950s and 1960s was based on the theory of
______.
A. Karl Marx
B. Margaret Thatcher
C. John Maynard Keynes
D. Adam Smith
7. The Royal National Eisteddfod is a(n) _____ festival of poetry, music and other arts.
A. English
B. Scottish
C. Welsh
D. Irish
8. The British constitution is made up of the following except _______.
A. commonwealth law
B. conventions
C. common law
D. statute law
9. In Britain, capital punishment is the penalty of _______.
A. piracy
B. treason and murder
C. assassination
D. piracy and treason
10. _______ is more important than Christmas to Scots.
A. New Year’s Day
B. Whit Sunday
C. April Fool’s Day
D. Easter
11. The Hundred Years’ War with France was fought ________.
A. from 1327 to 1443
B. from 1337 to 1453
C. from 1347 to 1443
D. from 1357 to 1453
12. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver
Cromwell as _______.
A. Lord Protector
B. Lieutenant General
C. Commander of the New Modal Army
D. President
13. Ireland is divided into two political parts: _______.
A. Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland
B. Southern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland
C. the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland
D. Northern Ireland and Britain
14. Ireland has a bipolar political system with two major parties: _______.
A. Fianna Fail and Fine Gael
B. Sinn Fein and Fine Gael
C. Fianna Fail and Sinn Fein
D. Sinn Fein and IRA
15. _______ has been called the American Ruhr.
A. The Ohio River
B. The Mississippi
C. The Missouri
D. The Colorado
16. The Constitutional Convention in America was attended by _______.
A. all of the 13 states
B. all of the states except Maryland
C. all of the states except Rhode Island
D. all of the states, but later Rhode Island withdrew from the convention
17. The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. is the ______.
A. blacks
B. Hispanics
C. Asian-Americans
D. WASPs
18. The goal of Roosevelt’s New Deal was ______.
A. to change the American economic system
B. to save the American democracy and the capitalist system
C. to weaken monopoly interests in America
D. to nationalize banks and financial institutions in America
19. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The Louisiana was taken from Britain as a result of the war of 1812.
B. The Louisiana Territory was ceded to the United States by France.
C. The Louisiana Territory was purchased from Spain.
D. The Louisiana Territory was purchased from France.
20. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the Vietnam War?
A. The United States was weakened as a result of it.
B. American society had never been so divided since the Civil War.
C. Richard Nixon changed the strategy into “Vietnamization” of the war.
D. The cease-fire agreement was signed in 1975.
21. The following are the factors that have contributed to the development of the U.S.
economy EXCEPT _____.
A. the vast space and resources of the land
B. the ideals of freedom and economic opportunity
C. English as its national language
D. hard work by the people
22. America’s post-war policy toward the former Soviet Union was _______.
A. isolationism
B. containment
C. appeasement
D. neutrality
23. The second highest level of the federal judiciary in the U.S. is made up of ______.
A. the Supreme Court
B. the courts of special jurisdiction
C. the courts of appeal
D. the district courts
24. In the U.S., nearly all the ______ practice some form of open admission.
A. research universities
B. private colleges
C. public community colleges
D. specialized institutions
25. Among those American writers, ____ was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954.
A. Walt Whitman
B. Ernest Hemingway
C. Mark Twain
D. Washington Irving
26. In order to remember George Washington, _______.
A. a memorial hall was built in his birthplace
B. a memorial hall was built in Washington D.C.
C. a tall white Washington Monument was built in the capital
D. an expensive car was named after him
27. The name “Canada” is believed to be derived from an Indian word “Kanata”, meaning
______.
A. a settlement
B. a country
C. a meeting place
D. a colony
28. By ______, Upper Canada and Lower Canada were created.
A. Canada Act of 1791
B. Quebec Act of 1774
C. British North American Act
D. Act of Paris in 1763
29. ______ and _______ are two main federal parties in Canada.
A. The Liberal Party, the Social Credit Party
B. The Liberal Party, the Progressive Conservative Party
C. The New Democratic Party, the Social Credit Party
D. The New Democratic Party, the Progressive Conservative Party
30. Since 1971 the Canadian government has adopted a policy of ______, recognizing that
cultural pluralism within a bilingual framework is the essence of the Canadian identity.
A. assimilation
B. integration
C. multiculturalism
D. gender quality
31. The majority of French Canadians live in _______.
A. Quebec
B. Ontario
C. Newfoundland
D. Nova Scotia
32. The Parliament of Canada is made up of all the following EXCEPT _____.
A. the Crown
B. the Senate
C. the House of Commons
D. the National Assembly
33. The Great Barrier Reef is included on the World Heritage list because it has _____.
A. the most beautiful seascape in the world
B. the greatest number of islands in the world
C. the most diverse and complex marine life in the world
D. the longest coast in the world
34. The first major discoveries, made in _____ in the early 1850s, resulted in gold rushes in
Australia.
A. Queensland
B. South Australia
C. Victoria and Tasmania
D. Victoria and New South Wales
35. It is assumed that the first Europeans who reached Australia’s shores were ______.
A. the Dutch
B. the English
C. the Germans
D. the Spanish and the Portuguese
36. Under the Whitlam government “God Save the Queen” was replaced by _____ as
Australia’s national anthem.
A. Waltzing Matilda
B. Click Go the Shears
C. Advance Australia Fair
D. My Country
37. With regard to its size, Australia is ______ country in the world.
A. the third largest
B. the fourth largest
C. the fifth largest
D. the sixth largest
38. In Australia, the House of Representatives and the Senate have equal powers EXCEPT
that _____.
A. the House of Representatives cannot introduce money bills
B. the Senate cannot introduce money bills
C. the House of Representatives can pass laws
D. the Senate can pass laws
39. The capital of New Zealand is ________.
A. Nelson
B. Wellington
C. Melbourne
D. Dunedin
40. Which of the following about New Zealand is TRUE?
A. New Zealand is a republic.
B. New Zealand has three major political parties.
C. New Zealand has a bicameral parliament.
D. Queen Elizabeth II is represented in New Zealand by the Governor-General.
Part Two (60 points)
II. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in
the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points for each)
41. Why is Alfred known as “the father of the British navy”?
42. What did the destruction of the Spain Amada show?
篇7：英语国家概况期末考试
全部题目用英文作答，并将答案写在答题纸的相应位置上，否则不计分。
考试时间共150分钟。
Part One (40 points)
I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished
statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose
the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the
letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (40
points, 1 point for each)
1. On the island of Great Britain, there are _______.
A. four political divisions --- England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland
B. four political divisions --- England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland
C. three political divisions --- England, Scotland, and Wales
D. three political divisions --- England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland
2. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC?
A. Emperor Claudius
B. Julius Caesar
C. King Alfred
D. King Ethelred
3. Who is the author of Murder in the Cathedral?
A. Christopher Marlowe
B. T. S. Eliot
C. Ben Johnson
D. Thomas Becket
4. In England, the most famous of the Catholic conspiracies was _______.
A. the Cobham’s Plot
B. the Gunpowder Plot
C. the murder of Thomas Becket
D. the execution of Mary Queen of Scots
5. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of ________.
A. India
B. Australia
C. Canada
D. Newfoundland
6. The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950s and 1960s was based on the theory of
______.
A. Karl Marx
B. Margaret Thatcher
C. John Maynard Keynes
D. Adam Smith
7. The Royal National Eisteddfod is a(n) _____ festival of poetry, music and other arts.
A. English
B. Scottish
C. Welsh
D. Irish
8. The British constitution is made up of the following except _______.
A. commonwealth law
B. conventions
C. common law
D. statute law
9. In Britain, capital punishment is the penalty of _______.
A. piracy
B. treason and murder
C. assassination
D. piracy and treason
10. _______ is more important than Christmas to Scots.
A. New Year’s Day
B. Whit Sunday
C. April Fool’s Day
D. Easter
11. The Hundred Years’ War with France was fought ________.
A. from 1327 to 1443
B. from 1337 to 1453
C. from 1347 to 1443
D. from 1357 to 1453
12. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver
Cromwell as _______.
A. Lord Protector
B. Lieutenant General
C. Commander of the New Modal Army
D. President
13. Ireland is divided into two political parts: _______.
A. Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland
B. Southern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland
C. the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland
D. Northern Ireland and Britain
14. Ireland has a bipolar political system with two major parties: _______.
A. Fianna Fail and Fine Gael
B. Sinn Fein and Fine Gael
C. Fianna Fail and Sinn Fein
D. Sinn Fein and IRA
15. _______ has been called the American Ruhr.
A. The Ohio River
B. The Mississippi
C. The Missouri
D. The Colorado
16. The Constitutional Convention in America was attended by _______.
A. all of the 13 states
B. all of the states except Maryland
C. all of the states except Rhode Island
D. all of the states, but later Rhode Island withdrew from the convention
17. The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. is the ______.
A. blacks
B. Hispanics
C. Asian-Americans
D. WASPs
18. The goal of Roosevelt’s New Deal was ______.
A. to change the American economic system
B. to save the American democracy and the capitalist system
C. to weaken monopoly interests in America
D. to nationalize banks and financial institutions in America
19. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The Louisiana was taken from Britain as a result of the war of 1812.
B. The Louisiana Territory was ceded to the United States by France.
C. The Louisiana Territory was purchased from Spain.
D. The Louisiana Territory was purchased from France.
20. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the Vietnam War?
A. The United States was weakened as a result of it.
B. American society had never been so divided since the Civil War.
C. Richard Nixon changed the strategy into “Vietnamization” of the war.
D. The cease-fire agreement was signed in 1975.
21. The following are the factors that have contributed to the development of the U.S.
economy EXCEPT _____.
A. the vast space and resources of the land
B. the ideals of freedom and economic opportunity
C. English as its national language
D. hard work by the people
22. America’s post-war policy toward the former Soviet Union was _______.
A. isolationism
B. containment
C. appeasement
D. neutrality
23. The second highest level of the federal judiciary in the U.S. is made up of ______.
A. the Supreme Court
B. the courts of special jurisdiction
C. the courts of appeal
D. the district courts
24. In the U.S., nearly all the ______ practice some form of open admission.
A. research universities
B. private colleges
C. public community colleges
D. specialized institutions
25. Among those American writers, ____ was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954.
A. Walt Whitman
B. Ernest Hemingway
C. Mark Twain
D. Washington Irving
26. In order to remember George Washington, _______.
A. a memorial hall was built in his birthplace
B. a memorial hall was built in Washington D.C.
C. a tall white Washington Monument was built in the capital
D. an expensive car was named after him
27. The name “Canada” is believed to be derived from an Indian word “Kanata”, meaning
______.
A. a settlement
B. a country
C. a meeting place
D. a colony
28. By ______, Upper Canada and Lower Canada were created.
A. Canada Act of 1791
B. Quebec Act of 1774
C. British North American Act
D. Act of Paris in 1763
29. ______ and _______ are two main federal parties in Canada.
A. The Liberal Party, the Social Credit Party
B. The Liberal Party, the Progressive Conservative Party
C. The New Democratic Party, the Social Credit Party
D. The New Democratic Party, the Progressive Conservative Party
30. Since 1971 the Canadian government has adopted a policy of ______, recognizing that
cultural pluralism within a bilingual framework is the essence of the Canadian identity.
A. assimilation
B. integration
C. multiculturalism
D. gender quality
31. The majority of French Canadians live in _______.
A. Quebec
B. Ontario
C. Newfoundland
D. Nova Scotia
32. The Parliament of Canada is made up of all the following EXCEPT _____.
A. the Crown
B. the Senate
C. the House of Commons
D. the National Assembly
33. The Great Barrier Reef is included on the World Heritage list because it has _____.
A. the most beautiful seascape in the world
B. the greatest number of islands in the world
C. the most diverse and complex marine life in the world
D. the longest coast in the world
34. The first major discoveries, made in _____ in the early 1850s, resulted in gold rushes in
Australia.
A. Queensland
B. South Australia
C. Victoria and Tasmania
D. Victoria and New South Wales
35. It is assumed that the first Europeans who reached Australia’s shores were ______.
A. the Dutch
B. the English
C. the Germans
D. the Spanish and the Portuguese
36. Under the Whitlam government “God Save the Queen” was replaced by _____ as
Australia’s national anthem.
A. Waltzing Matilda
B. Click Go the Shears
C. Advance Australia Fair
D. My Country
37. With regard to its size, Australia is ______ country in the world.
A. the third largest
B. the fourth largest
C. the fifth largest
D. the sixth largest
38. In Australia, the House of Representatives and the Senate have equal powers EXCEPT
that _____.
A. the House of Representatives cannot introduce money bills
B. the Senate cannot introduce money bills
C. the House of Representatives can pass laws
D. the Senate can pass laws
39. The capital of New Zealand is ________.
A. Nelson
B. Wellington
C. Melbourne
D. Dunedin
40. Which of the following about New Zealand is TRUE?
A. New Zealand is a republic.
B. New Zealand has three major political parties.
C. New Zealand has a bicameral parliament.
D. Queen Elizabeth II is represented in New Zealand by the Governor-General.
Part Two (60 points)
II. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in
the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points for each)
41. Why is Alfred known as “the father of the British navy”?
42. What did the destruction of the Spain Amada show?
北京人文大学-第2学期期末考试
篇8：美国中小学教科书概况
美国中小学教科书概况
郑旺全
（课程教材研究所，北京100009）
中图分类号：G423.3（712）文献标识码：E文章编号：1000-018603-0088-03
一、基本情况
根据美国联邦教育部的统计，当年全美共有5315?7万名中小学生，各地中小学开设的学科主要有：数学，语文（包括阅读、语法、写作和文学），科学，社会学（包括历史、地理、公民学和经济学），体育，艺术／职业教育，技术教育，书法以及一些选修课。全美教育协会的抽样调查表明，有95%的教师把教材作为学生学习的主要参考用书，有78%的教师在日常教学中使用教材，有47%的教师在每天的课堂中使用教材。―美国中小学教科书市场（包括教材、技术产品、辅助材料及测试等）销售总额为122?64亿美元。
二、教材编写
据了解，编写一种主要的教科书（如阅读和数学）的程序相对复杂，从制定计划到最后出版一般需耗时两年半左右。这是因为主要教科书要涉及各个年级，每个年级又有许多配套材料。由于每一个州都有自己的课程标准，对于教科书作者和出版社来说，教科书的内容能否符合各州的课程标准，将是教材能否被各州采用的一个主要因素。在这种情况下，他们往往会依据全国性的学科教师协会或专业协会（如全国数学教师理事会，全国社会学理事会等）所制订的学科知识与能力标准，编写出一个包含本学科基本内容的“标准本”，然后把这个“标准本”送往各州审评，各州根据自己的课程标准，对教科书样书进行评估，并在征求教师、家长及教育官员的意见后，向出版商提出建议，出版商在综合各州建议的情况下对教材内容进行调整，一般情况下，为了打开市场，出版商会尽可能采纳各州意见，这也是为什么现在的一些教材越编越厚、价钱也越来越贵的一个重要原因。如果是学生人数众多的大州，出版商会慎重对待，并根据这些建议进行修改，最后为这个州专门出一个版本。像得克萨斯州，就有出版商专门为该州编写的版本。
三、教材审查和选用
美国没有全国性的教材评审机构。联邦政府教育部没有对中小学教材进行审定的职限。教材评估与选用依各州情况而定。在50个州中，有的由州一级教育机构来评估与选用教材（adoption states），有的则由各学区和学校自行决定（open territory states）。具体情况如下。
（一）州一级审定与选用
目前在美国共有22个州由州政府教育部门为本州公立学校学生选择教材。这22个州成立了一个全国州立教材管理者协会（National Association of State Textbook Administrators）。这些州都采取类似的教材审查和选用政策。美国学生人数最多的一些州，如加利福尼亚、得克萨斯、佛罗里达等州都是该协会的成员。
以得克萨斯州为例，州法律要求州教育理事会提供足够经费购买公立中小学教材。这些经费由州议会拨款。在选择新教材前，首先由州教育理事会发布公告（提前2年），公告内容包括某一年需要进行评审的学科教材，该学科的课程标准，平均每个学生的教材购买经费指标，第一个合同年度每一个年级或学科需要购买的教材数量，及详细的采购程序时间表。
那些想参与教材竞争的出版社，必须填写竞标申请表，并把教材样本寄给州教委、州下面的20个地区教育服务中心，以及由州教委主任任命的教材评估小组成员。
教材评估小组成员主要由教育官员、学区官员和教师组成，他们的主要职责是评估教材的知识、技能涵盖范围及检查教材错误。在评估结束后他们向州教委主任提交评估报告。在此基础上，州教委主任提出初步报告，建议哪些教材可以上推荐目录，哪些被淘汰。随后，州内居民可以通过书面形式表达自己对教材的意见，同时还将举行公众听证会。在综合考虑教材评估小组、出版商、社会公众及教育部门的意见和建议后，由教委主任向州教育理事会提交最后报告，推荐采购教材目录。
在通过了州教育部门的审查后，出版商将向所有学区邮寄教材样品，并负责所有样品的运输及存放费用。每个学区负责本学区的新教材选用政策，在一般情况下，只有上州政府采购推荐目录并得到学区董事会批准的教材才可用州政府经费购买。
得州法律要求每六年对核心科目教材英语、数学、科学和社会学（包括本州历史、美国历史和世界历史）进行一次完整的评估审查，即每一年都要对六分之一的核心科目教材进行评估。对非核心科目（外语、健康、体育、艺术、经济、职业或技术教育等）教材的.评估审查则由州教育理事会在认为合适的时候进行。
（二）地方审定与选用
在其他的一些州，教材的评估与选用权限下放到地方乃至学校。以马里兰州为例，该州由下面的24个当地学区自行选择教材。在蒙哥马利县，公立学校系统专门制定了评估选用教材的管理规章并有专业部门负责。该规章制定了对教材要先评审后购买的规则。所有教材的购买事宜都由公立学校系统的教材评估与选用科负责协调。对各科教材，都有专门的学科教材评估与选用委员会负责评审，该委员会由本学科教师、媒体专家和学科协调员／督导员组成，在评审教材时所依据的标准主要包括：教材要反映文化多元性，避免出现引起种族、性别、文化方面争议的问题；要符合课程要求，反映真实性，具有时代性；内容清楚，易于理解，价格适中等。学校只能选用获得评审通过的教材。在评审之前，各出版社须填写评估申请表格，并严格禁止它们把教材直接卖给学校。对于那些已获得审查通过的教材，如有人提出异议，则需重新评估。
四、教材出版
中小学教材市场是一个竞争激烈的市场，但大部分市场份额掌握在几家大的出版公司手中。根据美国出版商协会（AAP）学校出版部主任Stephen Deiesler的介绍，目前AAP成员中参与教材出版的共有50多家，其中排名前11家的出版集团销售码洋占了全国码洋总数的95%左右，最大的4家出版集团的销售码洋占了总数的70%左右。据统计，20排名前7家的出版集团的中小学教材及配套材料销售码洋为50亿美元。最大的4家出版集团分别为Pearson Education,McGraw?Hill Education,Harcourt Education,Hughton Mifflin。这些教育出版集团的中小学教材出版一般都有4个部门：初中、小学部，高中部，辅助材料部和测试部。
McGraw?Hill Education,为McGraw?Hill集团公司（由James H.McGraw和John A.Hill创办）下属的三大公司（Financial Services,McGraw?Hill Education,Information & Media Services）之一，出版范围包括幼儿、中小学、职业培训、师范教育、专业教育和继续教育。出版形式包括传统纸张印刷、CD?ROM及网站等各种媒体。其2001年中小学教材的销售码洋为13?79亿美元。
Harcourt Education为Reed Elsevier Group Plc集团公司成员之一，是全球性的教育出版公司，其出版范围包括基础教育、成人教育和各种年龄阶段的读者。其下属的Harcourt School Publishers出版幼儿到6年级的教材，Holt，Rinehart and Winston出版6―级的教材。2001年的中小学教材销售码洋为6?51亿美元。
Pearson Education为全球知名的教育出版公司之一，是Pearson集团公司下属的三大公司（Pearson Education,Financial Times Group,The Penguin Group）之一。其出版范围涵盖各个年龄层次的读者。其中Scott Foresman主要出版低幼读物，Prentice Hall主要出版中学教科书。现在占美国中小学教科书出版市场的24%左右。2001年中小学教材的销售码洋为14?28亿美元。
Hughton Mifflin公司的历史最早可追溯到1832年。目前它共拥有10个分公司，出版适合各个年龄读者的出版物。其中School Division出版初中和小学读物，McDougal Littell出版6―12年级的教科书。2001年中小学教材的销售码洋为8.2亿美元。
五、近年来主要关注的问题
（一）经费不足
美国公立学校的教材采购由政府负责。由于近年来经济不景气，税收减少，各州都不同程度地削砍教育经费，这也相应影响公立中小学教材的购买经费支出。而另一方面，教材价格却是居高不下。笔者曾从Amazon网上书店购过一本中学世界历史教科书，有1000来页，书价80多元，加上邮费共100多美元。即使从出版商购买类似的一本书，也得花50多美元。据全美教育协会的调查，有16%的教师认为他们的学生缺乏足够的教材，结果在布置作业、准备考试方面教师要花更多的时间，这最终将导致学生学习差距的扩大。
（二）内容争议
出版商为了扩大教材的发行量，在向各州推销教材时，就必须尽量避免在教科书中出现有争议的内容。历史上曾经多次出现出版商由于教材内容引起争议而遭人起诉的事件。由于美国是一个强调价值多元化的国家，因此具有不同社区、族裔、性别、年龄、宗教背景的人对教材都有自己的判断标准，教材不能出现违背这些社团意愿的内容，例如有的宗教组织就强烈反对以生物进化论为基础的生物教材，因为这与他们信仰的上帝创造万物的学说不同。一旦教材遭到起诉，其结果是要么修改，要么撤出该学区，而这都不是出版商愿意看到的。因此为了平衡各方利益，出版商有时甚至不得不牺牲学术的标准。
（三）教材陈旧
根据全国教育协会的调查，有27%的教师认为他们的教材已经使用了2～4年，31%的教师认为他们的教材已经使用了5～9年，有17%的教师认为他们的教材已经使用了10～，使用15～和以上教材的教师分别有8%和7%。陈旧的教材给学生提供了一些错误的信息，同时使学生失去了学习兴趣，引起学生和家长的不满，并使得教师不得不更新内容，这给教学活动带来很大的压力。
收稿日期：20040125
作者简介：郑旺全（1966―），浙江金华人，课程教材研究所英语课程教材研究开发中心副研究员，主要研究英语课程教材和外国教育史。
（责任编辑：刘启迪）
篇9：美国中小学教科书概况
美国中小学教科书概况
郑旺全
（课程教材研究所，北京100009）
中图分类号：G423.3（712）文献标识码：E文章编号：1000-0186（2004）03-0088-03
一、基本情况
根据2001年美国联邦教育（www.35d1.com－上网第一站35d1教育网）部的统计，当年全美共有5315?7万名中小学生，各地中小学开设的学科主要有：数学，语文（包括阅读、语法、写作和文学），科学，社会学（包括历史、地理、公民学和经济学），体育，艺术／职业教育（www.35d1.com－上网第一站35d1教育网），技术教育（www.35d1.com－上网第一站35d1教育网），书法以及一些选修课。全美教育（www.35d1.com－上网第一站35d1教育网）协会2002年的抽样调查表明，有95%的教师把教材作为学生学习的'主要参考用书，有78%的教师在日常教学中使用教材，有47%的教师在每天的课堂中使用教材。2001―2002年度美国中小学教科书市场（包括教材、技术产品、辅助材料及测试等）销售总额为122?64亿美元。
二、教材编写
据了解，编写一种主要的教科书（如阅读和数学）的程序相对复杂，从制定计划到最后出版一般需耗时两年半左右。这是因为主要教科书要涉及各个年级，每个年级又有许多配套材料。由于每一个州都有自己的课程标准，对于教科书作者和出版社来说，教科书的内容能否符合各州的课程标准，将是教材能否被各州采用的一个主要因素。在这种情况下，他们往往会依据全国性的学科教师协会或专业协会（如全国数学教师理事会，全国社会学理事会等）所制订的学科知识与能力标准，编写出一个包含本学科基本内容的“标准本”，然后把这个“标准本”送往各州审评，各州根据自己的课程标准，对教科书样书进行评估，并在征求教师、家长及教育（www.35d1.com－上网第一站35d1教育网）官员的意见后，向出版商提出建议，出版商在综合各州建议的情况下对教材内容进行调整，一般情况下，为了打开市场，出版商会尽可能采纳各州意见，这也是为什么现在的一些教材越编越厚、价钱也越来越贵的一个重要原因。如果是学生人数众多的大州，出版商会慎重对待，并根据这些建议进行修改，最后为这个州专门出一个版本。像得克萨斯州，就有出版商专门为该州编写的版本。
三、教材审查和选用
美国没有全国性的教材评审机构。联邦政府教育（www.35d1.com－上网第一站35d1教育网）部没有对中小学教材进行审定的职限。教材评估与选用依各州情况而定。在50个州中，有的由州一级教育（www.35d1.com－上网第一站35d1教育网）机构来评估与选用教材（adoption states），有的则由各学区和学校自行决定（open territory states
[1] [2] [3] [4]
文档为doc格式
