今天小编在这给大家整理了欧内斯特·海明威 简介，本文共10篇，我们一起来看看吧！
篇1：欧内斯特·海明威 简介
欧内斯特·海明威
姓名：欧内斯特·海明威（ernest hemingway）
性别：男
出生年月：1899-1961
国籍：美国
所获奖项：1954年诺贝尔文学奖
欧内斯特·海明威（ernest hemingway，1899-1961）美国作家。生于芝加哥郊区的奥克帕克村。受家庭影响，酷爱打猎、钓鱼和拳击运动，对音乐、绘画也颇感兴趣。
第一次世界大战期间，他当他见习记者，受到严格的语言训练。其后参加战后救护队，在意大利前线身负重伤，经过13次手术，从身上取出200多块弹片。战后以驻欧记者身份长驻巴黎，结识了美国作家斯坦因和宠德等，开始发表小说诗歌文学作品。小说《在我们的时代里》（1924）是成名作，重要长篇小说《太阳照常升起》（1926）和《永远了，武器》被看作是“迷惘的一代”的代表小说诗歌文学作品。30年代，与“迷惘的一代”分道扬镳，海明威参交了左翼文艺运动。西班牙内战期间，他参加过马德里保卫战。这期间发表的长篇小说《有的和没有有的》（1937）、剧本《第五纵队》（1950）和长篇小说《丧钟为谁而鸣》（1940）等，后者标志着他创作上的一个新的至高点。
二次大战时，海明威曾用再见的游艇协助正规军作战，在海上搜寻纳粹潜艇，收到当局嘉奖。其后又率领一支游击队，参加解放巴黎的战斗。
50年代，海明威又回到捕鱼、打猎等冒险生涯中去，应乘坐的汽车、飞机连连失事，在医院竟读到了关于她遇难身亡的讣告。这期间主要创作了《过何如林》（1950）和振撼欧美文坛的中篇小说《老人与海》等。1954年“因为他精通于叙事艺术，突出地表现在其近著《老人与海》之中；同时也因为他对当代文体风格之影响”，获得诺贝尔文学奖。晚年由于多种疾病缠身，身心备受折磨，1961年7月2日，他用猎枪为自己戏剧性的一生画了句号。
海明威是一位极富传奇色彩的作家。在创作上，他最钟爱的主题是战争、死亡、男子汉气概和爱情。这也是他一生生命的主旋律。特别是“死亡”和“男子汉气概”，贯穿在他的全部创作中，成为他小说诗歌文学作品的主要风格特征，再加上简洁有力，充满生气与活力的语言，使他的创作在欧美文坛产生巨大影响，甚至在美国引起“一场文学革命”。
篇2：欧内斯特·海明威《老人与海》
作者简介
欧内斯特·海明威(1899—1961),美国小说家,出生于伊利诺伊州奥克·帕克。他的父亲是内科医生,爱好钓鱼和打猎,培养了海明威对户外活动的兴趣。从幼年到老年,他对斗牛、拳击、渔猎等的热爱历久不衰。这些竞技活动有助于造就他的硬汉性格,并且在他的创作中得到了生动的反映。他一生经历丰富,曾长期担任驻欧记者,亲身参加过两次世界大战。西班牙内战期间,他支持共和政府,反对法西斯主义。在抗日战争中他曾来中国采访。其中对他影响最大的是第一次世界大战。他从耳闻目睹的事实中认清了这场帝国主义战争的性质。他和一批敏感的青年作家在战后流落欧洲,在否定了传统价值观念后对生活和前途感到迷惘,被称为”迷惘的一代”。他的长篇小说《太阳照样升起》(1926年)和《永别了,武器》(1929年)都是表现第一次世界大战给青年一代造成的创伤的力作。长篇小说《丧钟为谁而鸣》(1940年)歌颂国际纵队战士和西班牙游击队员反法西斯的英勇斗争。
海明威是语言艺术大师。青年时代的记者生涯和旅欧美国女作家斯泰因的影响形成他简练生动的文风。他写作态度严谨,字斟句酌,反复琢磨,使他含蓄简约的文体日臻成熟,在世界文坛独树一帜,影响了不少作家。1952年他发表了中篇小说《老人与海》。1954年瑞典皇家科学院授予他诺贝尔文学奖,赞扬他”精通现代叙事艺术,文笔有力,自成一体,这在近作《老人与海》中得到了证明。”晚年他由于疾病缠身,精神抑郁,自杀而死。
内容概要
古巴渔民桑提亚哥是独自乘小船打鱼的老渔夫。接连84天他一条鱼也没有捕到。起初40天一个叫曼诺林的男孩子总是跟他在一起,可是日子一久曼诺林的父母认为老头背运,吩咐孩子搭另一条船出海,果然第一个星期就捕到三条好鱼。孩子见到老头每天空船而归,心里非常难受,总要帮他拿拿东西。
桑提亚哥瘦削憔悴,后颈满是皱纹,脸上长着疙瘩,但他的双眼象海水一样湛蓝,毫无沮丧之色。他和孩子是忘年交。老头教会孩子捕鱼,因此孩子很爱他。村里很多打鱼的人都因为老头捉不到鱼拿他开玩笑,但是孩子认为老头是最好的渔夫。他们打鱼不单是为了挣钱,而是把它看作共同爱好的事业。孩子为老头准备饭菜,跟他一起评论垒球赛。老头特别崇拜垒球好手狄马吉奥。他是渔民的儿子,脚跟上虽长有骨刺,但打起球来生龙活虎。老头认为自己已经年迈,体力不比壮年,但他懂得许多捕鱼的诀窍,而且决心很大,因此他仍是个好渔夫。他和孩子相约第二天一早一起出海。当晚老头做了个梦,梦见自己少年当水手时远航非洲见到在海滩上嬉戏的狮子。醒后他踏着月光去叫醒孩子,两人分乘两条船,出港后各自驶向自己选择的海面。天还没大亮,老头已经放下鱼饵。鱼饵的肚子里包着鱼钩的把子,鱼钩的突出部分都裹着新鲜的沙丁鱼。鱼饵香气四溢,味道鲜美。正当桑提亚哥目不转睛地望着钓丝的时候,他看见露出水面的一根绿色竿子急遽地坠入水中。他用右手的大拇捐和食指轻轻捏着钓丝。接着钩丝又动了一下,拉力不猛。老头明白一百英寻之下的海水深处,一条马林鱼正在吃鱼钩上的沙丁鱼。
他感觉到下面轻轻的扯动,非常高兴。过了一会儿他觉得有一件硬梆梆、沉甸甸的东西,这分明是马林鱼的重量,他断定这是一条大鱼。他先松开钓丝,然后大喝一声用尽全身的力气收拢钓丝,但鱼非但没有上来一英寸,反而慢慢游开去。老头把钓丝背在脊梁上增加对抗马林鱼的拉力,可是作用不大,他眼睁睁地看着小船向西北方飘去。老头想鱼这样用力过猛很快就会死的,但四个小时后鱼依然拖着小船向浩渺无边的海面游去,老头也照旧毫不松劲地拉住背在脊梁上的钓丝。他回头望去,陆地已从他的视线中消失。太阳西坠,繁星满天。老头根据对星的观察作出判断:那条大鱼整夜都没有改变方向。夜里天气冷了,老头的汗水干了,他觉得浑身上下冷冰冰的。他把一个麻袋垫在肩膀上的钓丝下面减少摩擦,再弯腰靠在船头上,他就感到舒服多了,他大声地自言自语:”要是孩子在这儿多好啊,好让他帮帮我,再瞧瞧这一切。”破晓前天很冷,老头抵着木头取暖。他想鱼能支持多久我也能支持多久。他用温柔的语调大声说:”鱼啊,只要我不死就要同你周旋到底。”太阳升起后,老头发觉鱼还没有疲倦,只是钓丝的斜度显示鱼可能要跳起来,这正是他求之不得的事。
他说:”鱼啊,我爱你,而且十分尊敬你。可是今天天黑以前我一定要把你弄死。”鱼开始不安分了,它突然把小船扯得晃荡了一下。老头用右手去摸钓丝,发现那只手正在流血。过了一会他的左手又抽起筋来,但他仍竭力坚持。他吃了几片金枪鱼肉好增加点力气来对付那条大鱼。正在这时钓丝慢慢升起来,大鱼终于露出水面。在阳光下,它浑身明亮夺目,色彩斑斓。它的喙长得象一根垒球棒,尖得象一把细长的利剑。它那大镰刀似的尾巴没人水中后,钓丝也飞快地滑下去。桑提亚哥惊喜地发现大鱼比小船还要长两英尺。他和大鱼一直相持到日落,双方已搏斗了两天一夜。
老头不禁回想起年青时在卡萨布兰卡跟一个黑人比赛扳手的经历。他俩把胳膊时放在桌上划粉笔线的地方,前臂伸直,两手握紧,就这样相持了一天一夜。八小时后每隔四个钟头就换一个裁判,让他们轮流睡觉。桑提亚哥和黑人的手指甲里都流出血来。有一次黑人喝了甜酒使出全身力气,竟把桑提亚哥的手压下去将近三英寸,但桑提亚哥又把手扳回原来的位置,并且在第二天天亮时奋力把黑人的手扳倒,从此他成了人们心目中的英雄。老头和大鱼的持久战又从黑夜延续到天明。大鱼跃起十几次后开始绕着小船打转。老头头昏眼花,只见眼前有黑点在晃动,但他仍紧紧拉着钓丝。当鱼游到他身边时,他放下钓丝踩在脚下,然后把鱼叉高高举起扎进鱼身。大鱼跳到半空,充分展示了它的美和力量,然后轰隆一声落到水里,浪花溅满老头一身,也溅湿了整条小船。
它仰身朝天,银白色的肚皮翻上来,从它心脏流出来的血染红了蓝色的海水。老头把大鱼绑在船边胜利返航。可是一个多小时后鲨鱼嗅到了大鱼的血腥味跟踪而至抢吃鱼肉。老头见到第一条游来的鲨鱼的蓝色的脊背。他把鱼叉准备好,用绳子系住。待鲨鱼逼近船尾去咬大鱼的尾巴时,老头紧握鱼叉猛地刺进鲨鱼的脑袋。鲨鱼用力拉断了绳子,在水面静静地躺了一会儿,慢慢沉了下去。老头丢了鱼叉,便把刀子绑在桨把上作武器。老头用刀杀死了两条来犯的鲨鱼,但在随后的搏斗中刀也折断了,他又改用短棍。然而半夜里鲨鱼成群结队涌来时,他已无法对付他们了。船驶进小巷时人们看见船旁硕大无朋的白色鱼脊骨。第二天早上孩子来看望老头,见到他疲倦得熟睡不醒时不禁放声大哭。老头醒来后,孩子给他端上一杯热气腾腾的咖啡。两人相约过几天一起去打鱼,孩子说他还有很多东西要学。孩子离去后,老头睡着了,他又梦见非洲的狮子。
作品鉴赏
《老人与海》是海明威晚年的力作。在这部中篇小说里他成功地塑造了老渔夫桑提亚哥的英雄形象。海明威在青年时代才气横溢,佳作连篇。可是自1940年发表《丧钟为谁而鸣》后他竟沉寂了十年,直到1950年他才出版长篇小说《过河入林》。这部小说在内容和艺术上都毫无新意,评论家对它评价不高,并且认为海明威已经江郎才尽。但是《老人与海》使海明威重新赢得他们的尊敬,而且使他获得诺贝尔文学奖的殊荣。有的评论家认为桑提亚哥是海明威笔下最完美的英雄人物。可以说桑提亚哥是作者自身的写照,他身上洋溢着不服老的精神。
作者用素描的笔法为我们描画了他瘦削、满布皱纹和疙瘩的外形。他分明老了,但他的双眼还象海水一样湛蓝,充满智慧、经验和决心。尽管命运之神对他并不垂青,他出海八十四天没有捕到一条鱼,但是还没有动摇他取得成功的信念。大鱼上钩后他感到对手强大,但更坚信自己的'力量,终于凭借自己丰富的经验和极大的耐心制服了大鱼。鱼肉被鲨鱼吞噬后,老人虽觉失望但不悲观,他仍与曼诺林相约再度出海捕鱼,并且在睡梦中见到狮子。狮子是老人年轻时远航非洲见到的,它们是青春、活力和勇敢的象征,体现小说主人公老当益壮的勃勃雄心。桑提亚哥的英雄气概还表现在他面对死亡的威胁毫无畏惧、镇定自若的态度上,这是海明威小说中很多英雄人物共有的气质。海明威认识到第一次世界大战是为少数人的利益的一场杀戮后,开始对以基督教教义为基础的西方传统价值观念表示怀疑,致力于探求新的价值观念。他战后发表的一系列小说中的英雄人物就体现了这种新的价值观念。
他们不再相信人死后会进天堂或下地狱的说法,认为:”人死了就是死了。”既然死亡是人生的终极,他们就竭力避免死亡,在此生寻求报偿,在行动上表现为及时行乐。然而,他们并不是贪生怕死的儒夫,相反他们经常在各种场合与死神进行面对面的搏斗。他们面对死亡没有丝毫的懦怯,而是显示出”在压力下的从容”。在最严峻的考验面前他们活得最有生气,他们的内在气质得到最充分的展现。在《老人与海》中,桑提亚哥被大鱼拖往远离陆地的茫茫大海。他孤身一人,年迈力薄,食物和淡水不充足,自然界变化万千,他的对手又力大无比而且意志坚决,这其中任何一点都可能导致他的死亡。
可是他泰然自若,终于战胜死亡,征服自然,捕获大鱼,取得了辉煌的战果。在极端困难的情况下坚忍不拔也是桑提亚哥的英雄本色之一。在与大鱼的搏斗中他右手负伤流血,左手又抽筋,疲倦使他头昏眼花,但他怀着只要不死就与大鱼周旋到底的决心顽强坚持。饿了,他不顾腥气吃生鱼肉。渴了,他把不多的淡水省着喝。坚强的意志帮助他度过危机,迎来胜利。作者通过描写他关心垒球好手狄马吉奥和回忆年轻时与黑人比赛扳手的心理活动衬托他的英勇行为。狄马吉奥长有骨刺,但他力克这个生理缺陷,打起球来生龙活虎。桑提亚哥崇拜他是好汉识好汉,狄马吉奥显然是与老人互相映衬的。
老人对昔日荣耀的追忆证明他一贯坚强,往日的胜利是他眼下获取力量的源泉。桑提亚哥与鲨鱼的搏斗给他的英雄形象添上富有光彩的最后一笔。鲨鱼来争吃大鱼的肉时,老人已疲惫不堪,可是他仍然用一切可用的武器竭尽全力消灭它们,表明他明知要失败也要奋斗到底的决心。老人虽然孤身奋战,但并不孤立。曼诺林是他的徒弟,将继承他的事业,他们的师生情谊是建立在对实利主义的鄙弃和对捕鱼的共同热爱之上的。在小说中海明威精练含蓄的文风达到了炉火纯青的境界。据说作者把小说原稿读了两百遍左右才付印,这种一丝不苟的写作态度是作品成功的可靠保证。
篇3：欧内斯特·安塞梅个人资料
性别：男
籍贯：瑞士日内瓦湖畔小镇沃韦人
生日：1883年11月11日
欧内斯特·安塞梅，1883年11月11日生于瑞士日内瓦湖畔小镇沃韦.29岁那年,在一次偶然的机会中,他在蒙特勒(montreux)临时代替指挥演出了贝多芬《第五交响曲》,这是他首次登台指挥,从此开始了他漫长的指挥生涯.
19担任日内瓦交响乐团指挥,同时,在斯特拉文斯基的推荐下,他开始担任贾吉列夫领导的俄罗斯芭蕾舞团的指挥.安塞梅一生中最大的功绩是1981年在日内瓦创建了瑞士罗曼德乐团,其目的是栽培本国乐手人才.安塞梅担任罗曼德乐团指挥长达49年,成为与一个乐团长期合作最久的指挥家,这是个骄人的记录.1924年后的3年,安塞梅曾兼任阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯交响乐团的指挥,1928年曾与科尔托(a.cortot)同任巴黎交响乐团的指挥.二战前后,他还经常在世界各国著名乐团担任客席指挥.1947年他在格林德柏恩歌剧院指挥布里顿《卢克莱修受辱记》的首演.1949年他带领罗曼德乐团赴美国巡回演出.
他反对指挥家以自己的个性强加于小说诗歌文学作品之中,主张要以作曲家的风格来表现小说诗歌文学作品,这正是安塞梅指挥的一大长处.他指挥的《火鸟》、《彼得鲁什卡》、《春之祭》等都完美了舞台表演的兴奋感和舞蹈的推动感,这恐怕是许多指挥家所不及的.
1969年2月20日,安塞梅逝世于日内瓦,享年86岁.
录音cd：夏布里埃《西班牙狂想曲》 肖松《bb 大调交响曲》德彪西《大海》、《佩利亚斯与梅丽桑德》(女高音:丹科)杜卡《魔法师的弟子》 法雅《西班牙庭园之夜》奥涅格《大卫王》(女高音:丹科)拉威尔《舍赫拉查德》(女中音:克列斯萍) 、《西班牙时刻》(女高音:丹科)里姆斯基-科萨科夫《舍赫拉查德》鲁塞尔(a.rorssel) 《蜘蛛的威宴》斯特拉文斯基《火鸟》、《彼得鲁什卡》 些科夫斯基《天鹅湖》、《法国序曲集》
篇4：高智商名人欧内斯特·卢瑟福
欧内斯特·卢瑟福
欧内斯特·卢瑟福(英语：Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson;1871年8月30日-1937年10月19日)，是二十世纪最伟大的实验物理学家，在放射性和原子结构等方面做出了重大的贡献。卢瑟福首先提出放射性半衰期的概念，证实放射性涉及从一个元素到另一个元素的嬗变。他又将放射性物质按照贯穿能力分类为α射线与β射线，并且证实前者就是氦离子。卢瑟福领导团队成功地证实在原子的中心有个原子核，创建了卢瑟福模型(行星模型)，并最先成功地在氮与α粒子的核反应里将原子分裂，还在同实验里发现了质子，并且为质子命名。卢瑟福的发现对世界发展具有极大的影响力，于19获得诺贝尔化学奖，其被世人称为“近代原子核物理学之父”。
人物生平
1871年8月30日生于新西兰纳尔逊的一个手工业工人家庭。并在新西兰长大。他进入新西兰的坎特伯雷学院学习。23岁时获得了三个学位(文学学士、文学硕士、理学学士)。1895年在新西兰大学毕业后，获得英国剑桥大学的奖学金进入卡文迪许实验室，成为汤姆孙的研究生。提出了原子结构的行星模型，为原子结构的研究做出很大的贡献。18，在汤姆孙的推荐下，担任加拿大麦吉尔大学的物理教授。他在那儿呆了9年。于19返回英国出任曼彻斯特大学的物理系主任。19接替退休的汤姆孙，担任卡文迪许实验室主任。1925年当选为英国皇家学会会长。1931年受封为纳尔逊男爵，1937年10月19日因病在剑桥逝世，与牛顿和法拉第并排安葬，享年66岁。
人物成就
他关于放射性的研究确立了放射性是发自原子内部的变化。放射性能使一种原子改变成另一种原子，而这是一般物理和化学变化所达不到的;这一发现打破了元素不会变化的传统观念，使人们对物质结构的研究进入到原子内部这一新的层次，为开辟一个新的科学领域——原子物理学，做了开创性的工作。
19，卢瑟福根据α粒子散射实验现象提出原子核式结构模型。该实验被评为“物理最美实验”之一。
1919年，卢瑟福做了用α粒子轰击氮核的实验。他从氮核中打出的一种粒子，并测定了它的电荷与质量，它的电荷量为一个单位，质量也为一个单位，卢瑟福将之命名为质子。
他通过α粒子为物质所散射的研究，无可辩驳的论证了原子的核模型，因而一举把原子结构的研究引上了正确的轨道，于是他被誉为原子物理学之父。由于电子轨道也就是原子结构的稳定性和经典电动力学的矛盾，才导致玻尔提出背离经典物理学的革命性的量子假设，成为量子力学的先驱。
人工核反应的实现是卢瑟福的另一项重大贡献。自从元素的放射性衰变被确证以后，人们一直试图用各种手段，如用电弧放电，来实现元素的人工衰变，而只有卢瑟福找到了实现这种衰变的正确途径。这种用粒子或γ射线轰击原子核来引起核反应的方法，很快就成为人们研究原子核和应用核技术的重要手段。在卢瑟福的晚年，他已能在实验室中用人工加速的粒子来引起核反应。
人物轶事
有个外号叫“鳄鱼”
卢瑟福从小家境贫寒，通过自己的刻苦努力，这个穷孩子完成了他的学业。这段艰苦求学的经历培养了卢瑟福一种认准了目标就百折不回勇往直前的精神。后来学生为他起了一个外号——鳄鱼，并把鳄鱼徽章装饰在他的实验室门口。因为鳄鱼从不回头，他张开吞食一切的大口，不断前进。
摇身一变成为“化学家”
1908年，卢瑟福获得该年度的诺贝尔化学奖，他对自己不是获得物理学奖感到有些意外，他风趣地说：“我竟摇身一变，成为一位化学家了。”“这是我一生中绝妙的一次玩笑!”
杰出的学科带头人
卢瑟福还是一位杰出的学科带头人，被誉为“从来没有树立过一个敌人，也从来没有失去一位朋友”的人。在他的助手和学生中，先后荣获诺贝尔奖的竟多达12人。1922年度诺贝尔物理学奖的获得者玻尔曾深情地称卢瑟福是“我的第二个父亲”。 科学界中，至今还传颂着许多卢瑟福精心培养学生的小故事。
是我制造了波浪
卢瑟福属于那种“性格极为外露”的人，他总是给那些见过他的人留下深刻的印象。他个子很高，声音洪亮，精力充沛，信心十足，并且极不谦虚。当他的同事评论他有不可思议的能力并总是处在科学研究的“浪尖”上时，他迅速回答道：“说的很对，为什么不这样?不管怎么说，是我制造了波浪，难道不是吗?”几乎所有的科学家都同意这一评价。
最后一个土豆
1895年，在农场挖土豆的卢瑟福收到了英国剑桥大学发来的通知书，通知他已被录取为伦敦国际博览会的奖学金生。卢瑟福接到通知书后扔掉挖土豆的锄头喊道：“这是我挖的最后一个土豆啦!”
桃李满天下
当人们评论卢瑟福的成就时，总要提到他“桃李满天下”。在卢瑟福的悉心培养下，他的学生和助手有多人获得了诺贝尔奖金：
19，卢瑟福的助手索迪获诺贝尔化学奖;
1922年，卢瑟福的学生阿斯顿获诺贝尔化学奖;
1922年，卢瑟福的学生玻尔获诺贝尔物理奖;
1927年，卢瑟福的助手威尔逊获诺贝尔物理奖;
1935年，卢瑟福的学生查德威克获诺贝尔物理奖;
1948年，卢瑟福的助手布莱克特获诺贝尔物理奖;
1951年，卢瑟福的学生科克拉夫特和瓦耳顿，共同获得诺贝尔物理奖;
1978年，卢瑟福的学生卡皮茨获诺贝尔物理奖。
有人说，如果世界上设立培养人才的诺贝尔奖金的话，那么卢瑟福是第一号候选人。
篇5：海明威《老人与海》简介
海明威《老人与海》简介
《老人与海》是美国作家海明威于1951年在古巴写的一篇中篇小说，于1952年出版。该作围绕一位老年古巴渔夫，与一条巨大的马林鱼在离岸很远的湾流中搏斗而展开故事的讲述。
内容梗概
《老人与海》故事的背景是在二十世纪中叶的古巴。主人公是一位名叫圣地亚哥的'老渔夫，配角是一个叫马诺林的小孩。风烛残年的老渔夫一连八十四天都没有钓到一条鱼，但他仍不肯认输，而是充满着奋斗的精神，终于在第八十五天钓到一条身长十八尺，体重一千五百磅的大马林鱼。大鱼拖着船往海里走，老人依然死拉着不放，即使没有水，没有食物，没有武器，没有助手，左手抽筋，他也丝毫不灰心。经过两天两夜之后，他终于杀死大鱼，把它拴在船边。但许多鲨鱼立刻前来抢夺他的战利品。他一一地杀死它们，到最后只剩下一支折断的舵柄作为武器。结果，大鱼仍难逃被吃光的命运，最终，老人筋疲力尽地拖回一副鱼骨头。他回到家躺在床上，只好从梦中去寻回那往日美好的岁月，以忘却残酷的现实。
写作背景
《老人与海》这本小说是根据真人真事写的。第一次世界大战结束后，海明威移居古巴，认识了老渔民格雷戈里奥·富恩特斯。1930年，海明威乘的船在暴风雨中沉没，富恩特斯搭救了海明威。从此，海明威与富恩特斯结下了深厚的友谊，并经常一起出海捕鱼。
1936年，富恩特斯出海很远捕到了一条大鱼，但由于这条鱼太大，在海上拖了很长时间，结果在归程中被鲨鱼袭击，回来时只剩下了一副骨架。
1936年4月，海明威在《乡绅》杂志上发表了一篇名为“碧水之上：海湾来信”的散文，其中一段记叙了一位老人独自驾着小船出海捕鱼，捉到一条巨大的大马林鱼，但鱼的大部分被鲨鱼吃掉的故事。当时这件事就给了海明威很深的触动，并觉察到它是很好的小说素材，但却一直也没有机会动笔写它！
1950年圣诞节后不久，海明威产生了极强的创作欲，在古巴哈瓦那郊区的别墅“观景社”，他开始动笔写《老人与海》（起初名为《现有的海》）。到1951年2月23日就完成了初稿，前后仅用了八周。4月份海明威把手稿送给去古巴访问他的友人们传阅，博得了一致的赞美。海明威本人也认为这是他“这一辈子所能写得最好的一部作品！”
篇6：海明威英文简介
欧内斯特·米勒·海明威简介
Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 - July 2, 1961), was born in the United States, Illinois, Chicago suburb of Oak Parker, American writer, journalist, is considered to be 20 One of the most famous novelists of the century.
Hemingway's life has won many awards. He was awarded the bravery medal during the First World War; in 1953, he won the Pulitzer Prize for the book “The Old Man and the Sea” (1); the 1954 “Old Man and the Sea” won Hemingway Bell Prize for Literature. In 20xx, Hemingway's “The Sun Also Rises” and “Farewell to Arms” were included in the “Best English Novels of the 20th Century” by the American Modern Library.
July 2, 1961, Hemingway in Idaho Ketchum's home with a shotgun committed suicide.
Hemingway's feelings in the complex, has concluded four marriages, is the United States “Lost Generation” (Lost Generation) writers in the representative of the works of life, the world, society has shown a confused and anxious. He has always been known as the literary tyk, he is the spirit of the American nation monument. Hemingway's work marks the formation of his unique creative style, in the history of American literature and even the history of the world literature occupies an important position.
欧内斯特·米勒·海明威创作特点
language style
Simple
Hemingway has excellent language control ability. He often expresses the most complicated content in the simplest vocabulary. It expresses the concrete meaning with the basic vocabulary, the simple sentence and so on. He uses nouns and verbs to reveal the true face of things. From the point of view, Hemingway often used a brief statement of language expression, he believes that there is no need to use text modification carved to grandstanding, as long as the things described clearly on the line, the other by the reader to decide. Such as the “old man and the sea” in the old man with a harpoon frog big fish scene, the author described as “the old man put down the fishing line, the harpoon held as high as possible, resorted to the strength of the body, plus he just Strength, put it straight down into the side of the fish. In these descriptions the author did not use any modified ingredients, but the verb, the noun is a simple combination to describe a thrilling scene. In this plain language, people can feel the profound artistic realm and art at the end, this rustic language also makes Hemingway's works have more affinity and authenticity.
Hemingway's novel language has the characteristics of not redundant, simple style, simple sentence, simple words, he often use the basic word as the center to construct a single sentence, rarely use the expression of ideas adjectives and adverbs. In the twenty-sixth chapter of the ”Farewell to Arms,“ there was a dialogue between Henry and the priest about the war. The dialogue was very concise, concise, without any glitzment, but from which the reader could feel the people Of disgust. In the novel ”killer“, the use of a lot of concise phrases, in the form of colloquial dialogue to start the plot, through the dialogue to avoid a lot of explanation and complex background account, giving an immersive feeling.
Intuitive
Literature and art to express emotions, but the emotion is to rely on the appearance of things perspective, the more the appearance of things directly described, the more able to produce a strong visual authenticity, the more able to narrow the distance between the reader and the writer. Hemingway with a high degree of visualization of the language, the visual, olfactory, auditory and other senses into the language, write the shape of things, color, taste, etc., with direct visual performance of the universe and life. As in the snow of Kilimanjaro, Hemingway wrote that the man was lying on the canvas bed, and he looked over the shy shade of the shy tree to the sun's dazzling plain, with three huge birds hugging, and Many in the wings soar. Hemingway with this simple, simple language is to highlight the image of the clarity and visual sensitivity. The formation of this language style is closely related to the Impressionist Master Cezanne, who learned how to control the reader's eyes from Cezanne, as in the early novel ”In the North of Michigan“, Hemingway focused on the young girl, Cotz body, with her eyes describe the scene, in order to suggest its pure innocence, optimistic and naive, full of longing for the future.
The use of compound sentences and clauses is more in line with formal style, but the sentence is too long to make people look more strenuous, so Hemingway in the dialogue to strive to overcome this shortcoming, with simple, smooth, vivid sense of rhythm to express The movement of the characters, this text can often produce visual effects, to the reader to bring a visual impact. Such as ”the elderly and the sea“, the Marlins dragged the old man Santiago swim day and night, the elderly almost fainted, but still insist on not giving up, then the author with a very simple words ”pull ah, hand Ah, he thought, stood firm, legs, “accurately expressed the fatigue of the elderly, resulting in a strong visual and psychological feelings. In the short story ”white elephant mountain“ at the end of the author to take the trouble to repeat ”Please ask you, please, please, please, beg you, beg you, I beg you“ The image expresses the girl's upset and produces a strong visual impact.
Implicit emotion
Hemingway has his own special artistic style, he emphasizes the objectivity of writing and the idea of the implicit implicit, against the author directly to the characters comment and implied, he often used implicit language to express complex emotions, with a limited form of expression of endless connotations , So his novels in the appearance of quietly, but the inner feelings are rich and hot. ”Iceberg principle“ is Hemingway's creative principle, he insisted that the complex social life should be extracted from the most characteristic of the plot, his thoughts and feelings hidden, in accordance with the ”iceberg principle“ left seven seven feet of space Readers think and try to figure out. Such as ”farewell, weapons,“ the outcome, Henry regardless of the nurse's insidious to see his wife's remains, but to see his wife when the body did not have a statement, nor a tear, this silent farewell to do not explain and get explained, Alienated and cold and the realization of the purpose of care, to achieve ”here silent victory“ effect. Hemingway often through the image of the characterization of the inner world of the characters hidden behind, through the performance of the material world to the reader to think, to imagine that this writing is a few pen, but it is into the wood, the characters' Portrayed, showing a do not yield to the fate of the tough guy spirit.
Hemingway often struggles to get rid of the influence of subjective feelings on the work, with a near objective way to express their emotions, which is often demoted as ”dumb cattle.“ In fact, critics only flow in the works of appearance, do not understand the feelings of the author's heart. German writer Ryder has said that Hemingway through the indifferent to reach the excitement, without explanation to be explained. In the ”white elephant mountains“ almost all dialogue, works almost do not see the trail of the author, but in the dialogue but there are deep connotation. In addition, Hemingway is very good at using language ambiguity to express symbolic and ideological content. Such as ”farewell, weapons,“ the weapons have two meanings, on the one hand the meaning of war, on the other hand is the meaning of love, it symbolizes the two themes of the novel against war and farewell to love; Mountains ”,“ elephant ”is not only the meaning of elephants, there are useless, cumbersome meaning.
Dialogue
From the narrative approach, Hemingway's novel's dialogue is “show” rather than “tell”. It is a kind of “perfect imitation” that belongs to Plato, rather than the kind of “pure narrative” that it wants to create a different degree of “imitation of the illusion” that is “the poet's endeavor to cause him not to speak” But a person in the illusion of speech. Compared to the two, “pure narrative” narrative and event distance, as “pure imitation” directly. The dialogue gives the narrator complete the character, which pushes the imitation of the utterance to the extreme, completely obliterating the traces of the narrative, giving the words to the characters and occupying the front desk. In this case, the shadow of the author subsided, as if there were only people in the story, without the narrator, the story of the person, in other words, the narrator did not intervene or seldom intervene in the narrative, Under the traces of. This narrative approach, in terms of its distance from the object being described, is very close, almost equal to zero; it is subtle in terms of the narrative information it conveys. Hemingway use the narrative means of dialogue, its intention is “show”, the pursuit of perfect imitation. In the “Kilimanjaro snow”, in order to highlight the dialogue, the opening is the dialogue, very unexpected, this is the display of the narrative style.
In order to meet the concise expression of this expression, his dialogue as much as possible to write a very good understanding, not esoteric words, without big words, and small words, as long as the reader in accordance with the order to read down, fully understand the words of each speaker is Who. In addition, each participant in the dialogue is generally two, one question and answer, or chat, or controversy. The reason why the two people to maintain this measure, rather than a number of people, because many people, in the absence of the name of the speaker in the case of the reader is not easy to find out which one, which is very important. When there is a third person or more conversation, Hemingway must indicate the name of the speaker.
Hemingway also wrote “style of spoken”, his dialogue sentence is short, simple structure, there is no gorgeous rhetoric. This style of spoken language is characterized by the use of the American Midwest people's spoken language and its rhythm, but also mixed with different local language, the language of the ancient Havana, the Spanish language of the Guadalrama, Spanish English; The language of the fisherman, the language of the bullfighter, the language of the hunter, etc., read the sound of the sound, often to the reader a real language illusion. They use the vocabulary, pronunciation methods are not the same. We say that Hemingway's novels are never fancy, and are used to avoid adverbs, adverbs and other modifiers. This is reflected in many aspects. The dialogue is no exception. We can also say that it is because of the large number of dialogues used in Hemingway's novels. Therefore, the large tracts of the daily language of the novel caused the overall simplicity of the novel. In modern narratology, the narrative means varied and varied. Hemingway's love of this unique narrative style, the reason is: the use of structuralism, “distance and angle” theory to observe, the dialogue can make the reader feel immersive, and the narrative is difficult to achieve This realistic effect. In addition, the dialogue is more concise than the narrative, but also more vivid sense, implication is more abundant. In view of the dialogue with such a great superiority, the novel master Hemingway did not hesitate to adopt it, and its charm to an unparalleled degree, making his novel unique, dominate.
Relationship between men and women
From the theme of the relationship between men and women to analyze Hemingway, it is easy to see, despite the keen to describe the man's wild and heroic, Hemingway has indirectly expressed his fear and hatred of women. His “code heroes (code heroes)” are fighting alone, even if the woman has any relationship, and ultimately to be separated. Strong sense of destiny and death in his works to be generally reflected. Its masterpiece “old man and the sea” is a sketch of a purely male world. DH Lawrence observed a pattern of men and women in Hemingway's short story: “A person wants to be free.” Just avoid one thing: get involved in it. Never be involved. If you are caught by something, get rid of it. Get rid of it and leave.
For example, this is about Robert Jordan in the Spanish civil war to participate in a bombing bridge mission story, which interspersed with Jordan and Maria's romantic love, they only have three days of romance, Jordan retreat When the legs were seriously injured, and Maria can not go to Madrid. Three days in the mountains is the best of Jordan's life, he and Maria's love, although short, but to achieve the eternal, Jordan's love in the revolution before the cause of the sacrifice. He knew that he was still in danger and was dedicated to the Spanish people. However, from another point of view, this choice also reflects the cruelty of Hemingway. He did not know if Jordan and Maria jointly safe withdrawal is a sign that the beginning of a better life. He would rather choose to gloriously die, rather than romantic together for life. In the “farewell, weapons”, Henry did not start to Catherine seriously, and that is just a game. “It's better than going to the house every night, it's a game, just like playing a bridge, but it's not playing cards, but talking.” For example, when Catherine's surgery was Henry's monologue, critics That Catherine's death and Henry's hostility to her, in the last chapter, when Catherine's surgery, a short period of time, Henry 19 thought Catherine will die, “dead” the recurrence of the word seems to be With the magic of the general anxiety, when Catherine on the operating table full of painful bleeding, Henry twice out to drink, but also eat something - because he was hungry. When he came back, Catherine was dead. And then in the “foreign land” in the “major” and “I” dialogue, for example, this story mentions that the young wife died of pneumonia:
“Why should not men get married?”
“No, that's it should not be done,” he said angrily. “Even if a man is destined to lose everything, at least not to make himself fall to the point where he is to be lost, he should not let himself fall into that situation, and he should find something that will not be lost.
Major words, but also Hemingway's inner monologue. Hemingway with his pen will be a woman in the novel one by one death, the hero is ”tough guy“, endured the spirit and physical pain. In Hemingway's novel, we can see this phenomenon, a good woman will eventually die or have passed away. As the ”old man and the sea“ only once mentioned the wife of Santiago is ”the wall was once hanging his wife's color, but he took it off, because he felt too lonely“ This is Hemingway ideal Love end: the old couple spent a lifetime of good times, good wife has passed away, widower fishing alone at the beach.
After the above analysis, it can be concluded that in Hemingway's novels, the separation of men and women is usually based on a powerful external force - in the form of extreme death. In his first novel, Jack and Brett were separated from Jack's sexual incompetence, as in his three novels, ”The Sun Also Raises“, ”Farewell, Weapons“ and ”The Whip Bell“ ; The second novel in the separation of male and female heroes died of Catherine dystocia; in the third novel, the hero Robert Jordan for the cause of justice and dedication. Hemingway seems to use this so-called ”fate“ factor to cover up his fear of living with women.
篇7：海明威英文简介
欧内斯特·米勒·海明威简介
Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 - July 2, 1961), was born in the United States, Illinois, Chicago suburb of Oak Parker, American writer, journalist, is considered to be 20 One of the most famous novelists of the century.
Hemingway's life has won many awards. He was awarded the bravery medal during the First World War; in 1953, he won the Pulitzer Prize for the book ”The Old Man and the Sea“ (1); the 1954 ”Old Man and the Sea“ won Hemingway Bell Prize for Literature. In , Hemingway's ”The Sun Also Rises“ and ”Farewell to Arms“ were included in the ”Best English Novels of the 20th Century“ by the American Modern Library.
July 2, 1961, Hemingway in Idaho Ketchum's home with a shotgun committed suicide.
Hemingway's feelings in the complex, has concluded four marriages, is the United States ”Lost Generation“ (Lost Generation) writers in the representative of the works of life, the world, society has shown a confused and anxious. He has always been known as the literary tyk, he is the spirit of the American nation monument. Hemingway's work marks the formation of his unique creative style, in the history of American literature and even the history of the world literature occupies an important position.
欧内斯特·米勒·海明威创作特点
language style
Simple
Hemingway has excellent language control ability. He often expresses the most complicated content in the simplest vocabulary. It expresses the concrete meaning with the basic vocabulary, the simple sentence and so on. He uses nouns and verbs to reveal the true face of things. From the point of view, Hemingway often used a brief statement of language expression, he believes that there is no need to use text modification carved to grandstanding, as long as the things described clearly on the line, the other by the reader to decide. Such as the ”old man and the sea“ in the old man with a harpoon frog big fish scene, the author described as ”the old man put down the fishing line, the harpoon held as high as possible, resorted to the strength of the body, plus he just Strength, put it straight down into the side of the fish. In these descriptions the author did not use any modified ingredients, but the verb, the noun is a simple combination to describe a thrilling scene. In this plain language, people can feel the profound artistic realm and art at the end, this rustic language also makes Hemingway's works have more affinity and authenticity.
Hemingway's novel language has the characteristics of not redundant, simple style, simple sentence, simple words, he often use the basic word as the center to construct a single sentence, rarely use the expression of ideas adjectives and adverbs. In the twenty-sixth chapter of the “Farewell to Arms,” there was a dialogue between Henry and the priest about the war. The dialogue was very concise, concise, without any glitzment, but from which the reader could feel the people Of disgust. In the novel “killer”, the use of a lot of concise phrases, in the form of colloquial dialogue to start the plot, through the dialogue to avoid a lot of explanation and complex background account, giving an immersive feeling.
Intuitive
Literature and art to express emotions, but the emotion is to rely on the appearance of things perspective, the more the appearance of things directly described, the more able to produce a strong visual authenticity, the more able to narrow the distance between the reader and the writer. Hemingway with a high degree of visualization of the language, the visual, olfactory, auditory and other senses into the language, write the shape of things, color, taste, etc., with direct visual performance of the universe and life. As in the snow of Kilimanjaro, Hemingway wrote that the man was lying on the canvas bed, and he looked over the shy shade of the shy tree to the sun's dazzling plain, with three huge birds hugging, and Many in the wings soar. Hemingway with this simple, simple language is to highlight the image of the clarity and visual sensitivity. The formation of this language style is closely related to the Impressionist Master Cezanne, who learned how to control the reader's eyes from Cezanne, as in the early novel “In the North of Michigan”, Hemingway focused on the young girl, Cotz body, with her eyes describe the scene, in order to suggest its pure innocence, optimistic and naive, full of longing for the future.
The use of compound sentences and clauses is more in line with formal style, but the sentence is too long to make people look more strenuous, so Hemingway in the dialogue to strive to overcome this shortcoming, with simple, smooth, vivid sense of rhythm to express The movement of the characters, this text can often produce visual effects, to the reader to bring a visual impact. Such as “the elderly and the sea”, the Marlins dragged the old man Santiago swim day and night, the elderly almost fainted, but still insist on not giving up, then the author with a very simple words “pull ah, hand Ah, he thought, stood firm, legs, ”accurately expressed the fatigue of the elderly, resulting in a strong visual and psychological feelings. In the short story “white elephant mountain” at the end of the author to take the trouble to repeat “Please ask you, please, please, please, beg you, beg you, I beg you” The image expresses the girl's upset and produces a strong visual impact.
Implicit emotion
Hemingway has his own special artistic style, he emphasizes the objectivity of writing and the idea of the implicit implicit, against the author directly to the characters comment and implied, he often used implicit language to express complex emotions, with a limited form of expression of endless connotations , So his novels in the appearance of quietly, but the inner feelings are rich and hot. “Iceberg principle” is Hemingway's creative principle, he insisted that the complex social life should be extracted from the most characteristic of the plot, his thoughts and feelings hidden, in accordance with the “iceberg principle” left seven seven feet of space Readers think and try to figure out. Such as “farewell, weapons,” the outcome, Henry regardless of the nurse's insidious to see his wife's remains, but to see his wife when the body did not have a statement, nor a tear, this silent farewell to do not explain and get explained, Alienated and cold and the realization of the purpose of care, to achieve “here silent victory” effect. Hemingway often through the image of the characterization of the inner world of the characters hidden behind, through the performance of the material world to the reader to think, to imagine that this writing is a few pen, but it is into the wood, the characters' Portrayed, showing a do not yield to the fate of the tough guy spirit.
Hemingway often struggles to get rid of the influence of subjective feelings on the work, with a near objective way to express their emotions, which is often demoted as “dumb cattle.” In fact, critics only flow in the works of appearance, do not understand the feelings of the author's heart. German writer Ryder has said that Hemingway through the indifferent to reach the excitement, without explanation to be explained. In the “white elephant mountains” almost all dialogue, works almost do not see the trail of the author, but in the dialogue but there are deep connotation. In addition, Hemingway is very good at using language ambiguity to express symbolic and ideological content. Such as “farewell, weapons,” the weapons have two meanings, on the one hand the meaning of war, on the other hand is the meaning of love, it symbolizes the two themes of the novel against war and farewell to love; Mountains “,” elephant “is not only the meaning of elephants, there are useless, cumbersome meaning.
Dialogue
From the narrative approach, Hemingway's novel's dialogue is ”show“ rather than ”tell“. It is a kind of ”perfect imitation“ that belongs to Plato, rather than the kind of ”pure narrative“ that it wants to create a different degree of ”imitation of the illusion“ that is ”the poet's endeavor to cause him not to speak“ But a person in the illusion of speech. Compared to the two, ”pure narrative“ narrative and event distance, as ”pure imitation“ directly. The dialogue gives the narrator complete the character, which pushes the imitation of the utterance to the extreme, completely obliterating the traces of the narrative, giving the words to the characters and occupying the front desk. In this case, the shadow of the author subsided, as if there were only people in the story, without the narrator, the story of the person, in other words, the narrator did not intervene or seldom intervene in the narrative, Under the traces of. This narrative approach, in terms of its distance from the object being described, is very close, almost equal to zero; it is subtle in terms of the narrative information it conveys. Hemingway use the narrative means of dialogue, its intention is ”show“, the pursuit of perfect imitation. In the ”Kilimanjaro snow“, in order to highlight the dialogue, the opening is the dialogue, very unexpected, this is the display of the narrative style.
In order to meet the concise expression of this expression, his dialogue as much as possible to write a very good understanding, not esoteric words, without big words, and small words, as long as the reader in accordance with the order to read down, fully understand the words of each speaker is Who. In addition, each participant in the dialogue is generally two, one question and answer, or chat, or controversy. The reason why the two people to maintain this measure, rather than a number of people, because many people, in the absence of the name of the speaker in the case of the reader is not easy to find out which one, which is very important. When there is a third person or more conversation, Hemingway must indicate the name of the speaker.
Hemingway also wrote ”style of spoken“, his dialogue sentence is short, simple structure, there is no gorgeous rhetoric. This style of spoken language is characterized by the use of the American Midwest people's spoken language and its rhythm, but also mixed with different local language, the language of the ancient Havana, the Spanish language of the Guadalrama, Spanish English; The language of the fisherman, the language of the bullfighter, the language of the hunter, etc., read the sound of the sound, often to the reader a real language illusion. They use the vocabulary, pronunciation methods are not the same. We say that Hemingway's novels are never fancy, and are used to avoid adverbs, adverbs and other modifiers. This is reflected in many aspects. The dialogue is no exception. We can also say that it is because of the large number of dialogues used in Hemingway's novels. Therefore, the large tracts of the daily language of the novel caused the overall simplicity of the novel. In modern narratology, the narrative means varied and varied. Hemingway's love of this unique narrative style, the reason is: the use of structuralism, ”distance and angle“ theory to observe, the dialogue can make the reader feel immersive, and the narrative is difficult to achieve This realistic effect. In addition, the dialogue is more concise than the narrative, but also more vivid sense, implication is more abundant. In view of the dialogue with such a great superiority, the novel master Hemingway did not hesitate to adopt it, and its charm to an unparalleled degree, making his novel unique, dominate.
Relationship between men and women
From the theme of the relationship between men and women to analyze Hemingway, it is easy to see, despite the keen to describe the man's wild and heroic, Hemingway has indirectly expressed his fear and hatred of women. His ”code heroes (code heroes)“ are fighting alone, even if the woman has any relationship, and ultimately to be separated. Strong sense of destiny and death in his works to be generally reflected. Its masterpiece ”old man and the sea“ is a sketch of a purely male world. DH Lawrence observed a pattern of men and women in Hemingway's short story: ”A person wants to be free.“ Just avoid one thing: get involved in it. Never be involved. If you are caught by something, get rid of it. Get rid of it and leave.
For example, this is about Robert Jordan in the Spanish civil war to participate in a bombing bridge mission story, which interspersed with Jordan and Maria's romantic love, they only have three days of romance, Jordan retreat When the legs were seriously injured, and Maria can not go to Madrid. Three days in the mountains is the best of Jordan's life, he and Maria's love, although short, but to achieve the eternal, Jordan's love in the revolution before the cause of the sacrifice. He knew that he was still in danger and was dedicated to the Spanish people. However, from another point of view, this choice also reflects the cruelty of Hemingway. He did not know if Jordan and Maria jointly safe withdrawal is a sign that the beginning of a better life. He would rather choose to gloriously die, rather than romantic together for life. In the ”farewell, weapons“, Henry did not start to Catherine seriously, and that is just a game. ”It's better than going to the house every night, it's a game, just like playing a bridge, but it's not playing cards, but talking.“ For example, when Catherine's surgery was Henry's monologue, critics That Catherine's death and Henry's hostility to her, in the last chapter, when Catherine's surgery, a short period of time, Henry 19 thought Catherine will die, ”dead“ the recurrence of the word seems to be With the magic of the general anxiety, when Catherine on the operating table full of painful bleeding, Henry twice out to drink, but also eat something - because he was hungry. When he came back, Catherine was dead. And then in the ”foreign land“ in the ”major“ and ”I“ dialogue, for example, this story mentions that the young wife died of pneumonia:
”Why should not men get married?“
”No, that's it should not be done,“ he said angrily. ”Even if a man is destined to lose everything, at least not to make himself fall to the point where he is to be lost, he should not let himself fall into that situation, and he should find something that will not be lost.
Major words, but also Hemingway's inner monologue. Hemingway with his pen will be a woman in the novel one by one death, the hero is “tough guy”, endured the spirit and physical pain. In Hemingway's novel, we can see this phenomenon, a good woman will eventually die or have passed away. As the “old man and the sea” only once mentioned the wife of Santiago is “the wall was once hanging his wife's color, but he took it off, because he felt too lonely” This is Hemingway ideal Love end: the old couple spent a lifetime of good times, good wife has passed away, widower fishing alone at the beach.
After the above analysis, it can be concluded that in Hemingway's novels, the separation of men and women is usually based on a powerful external force - in the form of extreme death. In his first novel, Jack and Brett were separated from Jack's sexual incompetence, as in his three novels, “The Sun Also Raises”, “Farewell, Weapons” and “The Whip Bell” ; The second novel in the separation of male and female heroes died of Catherine dystocia; in the third novel, the hero Robert Jordan for the cause of justice and dedication. Hemingway seems to use this so-called “fate” factor to cover up his fear of living with women.
海明威英文简介相关
篇8：老人与海海明威简介
老人与海海明威简介
《老人与海》是海明威于1951年在古巴写的一篇中篇小说，于1952年出版。是海明威最著名的作品之一。它围绕一位老年古巴渔夫，与一条巨大的马林鱼在离岸很远的湾流中搏斗而展开故事的讲述。它奠定了海明威在世界文学中的突出地位，这篇小说相继获得了1953年美国普利策奖和1954年诺贝尔文学奖。
《老人与海》故事的背景是在二十世纪中叶的古巴。主人公是一位名叫圣地亚哥的老渔夫，配角是一个叫马诺林的小孩。风烛残年的老渔夫一连八十四天都没有钓到一条鱼，但他仍不肯认输，而是充满着奋斗的精神，终于在第八十五天钓到一条身长十八尺，体重一千五百磅的大马林鱼。大鱼拖着船往海里走，老人依然死拉着不放，即使没有水，没有食物，没有武器，没有助手，左手抽筋，他也丝毫不灰心。经过两天两夜之后，他终于杀死大鱼，把它拴在船边。但许多鲨鱼立刻前来抢夺他的战利品。他一一地杀死它们，到最后只剩下一支折断的舵柄作为武器。结果，大鱼仍难逃被吃光的命运，最终，老人筋疲力尽地拖回一副鱼骨头。他回到家躺在床上，只好从梦中去寻回那往日美好的岁月，以忘却残酷的现实。
人物介绍：
圣地亚哥
在小说的开头，海明威对老渔夫的生活环境做了生动的描述，一个消瘦憔悴，颈脖皱纹很深，脸腮上长满褐斑的老人就跃入了读者的视线。他身上的一切都很古老，老得像沙漠地里的古老蚀地，他孤独，几乎没有任何朋友除了一个小男孩。但是他的眼睛像海水一样蓝，充满着欢乐。即便是在他连续84天没有任何收获的情况下，在别人的嘲笑之下，他依然坚信会捕到大鱼的。随着小说情节的发展，老人的品质也一步步得以体现。
圣地亚哥的人物形象特征和海明威有几分相似。年轻时期的海明威好胜，有很强的进取心。但随着时间的流逝，海明威已到中年，他的精力和创造力也随之减退。在海明威的内心世界，他很烦躁，但绝不失去希望和自信。当然了，也不会轻易放弃的。老人圣地亚哥这个人物身上所折射出的品质恰是海明威最为欣赏的。海明威不仅描写了老人的坚强意志，而且用了大量的篇幅来描写老人的内心世界，那就是对真诚的友谊和世界美好事物的向往，而这部分正是小说中最为精彩的部分。老人唯一的朋友就是小男孩，他们两人相亲相爱，相互依存，相互照顾。当老人在捕鱼时，他曾几次叫小男孩的名字，足以证明小男孩可以给老人信心和力量。此外，老人心中的家就是大海，在那里他可以找到友谊和深爱的东西。老人爱大海，他把大海看作是一位仁慈的，美丽的女性;他把鸟、鱼和海风看作是他的朋友。有时候，他跟他的朋友聊天，他也会喃喃自语。从他们的对话，可以看出老人丰富而又复杂的内心世界。就算是对大马林鱼，老人的情感也是一直在变化的'。刚开始，老人是兴奋的，因为他终于可以结束他的噩运了，而且这样一条大鱼可以为他赚很多钱;但是渐渐地老人开始欣赏马林鱼的智慧和毅力了，甚至把它当作是一个伟大的敌人;到最后老人被感动了，他为马林鱼的死而感到难过。
桑提亚哥带着战利品返回途中，不幸又碰到鲨鱼群的围攻，老人在与鲨鱼群的搏斗中同样表现出硬汉子的“硬”。面对成群结队的鲨鱼群的围攻，老人用“坚定的力量和狠毒无比的心肠，在几乎没有希望的情况下与鲨鱼搏斗”，下定决心“我要跟它们斗到死”。所以老人不惜拿出血本，动用手头所有的武器去敲打去揍死迎面而来的鲨鱼。桑提亚哥同鲨鱼的搏斗比追捕大马林鱼还要惊险，当凶狠贪婪的鲨鱼接二连三地来围攻大鱼时，本已精疲力竭的老人，为了保存自己的劳动果实，重新振作起来，奋不顾身地迎战鲨鱼。开始他用鱼叉对付，鱼叉被受了伤的鲨鱼带走了，他就用绑在桨上的刀一个一个地结果它们，这时他满手血污，疲惫不堪，一点力气也没有了，而且鱼叉被带走了，刀子折断了，还有许多鲨鱼来围攻，老人仍然坚强不屈地支撑着。他在心里说:“只要我有桨，有短棍，有舵把，我一定要想办法去揍死它们”。夜里大群鲨鱼又来纠缠，老人在没有锐利武器的情况下仍然奋力拼搏，他的大鱼虽然被吃光了，但鲨鱼被他打得不是死亡便是负伤逃窜。在这里，海明威运用反衬法来刻画桑提亚哥的性格。正如黑格尔所说的：人格的伟大和刚强的程度，只有借矛盾对立面的伟大和刚强的程度才能衡量出来”。小说多次写鱼的凶猛有力，用以衬托老人的坚毅顽强。作品竭力渲染鲭鲨的凶残和星鲨的贪婪，年迈体衰的老人正是在同这些强暴者的搏斗中，焕发出“硬汉子”精神的夺目光辉。虽然最后他失败了，但仍不愧是个英雄。桑提亚哥的那句话“一个人并不是生来要给打败的，你尽可以把他消灭掉，可就是打不败他”是对“硬汉子”精神的高度概括。
即便如此，他也有人性的弱点，那就是无主见和冷漠。这点在老人与鲨鱼和大马林鱼的对话中得到充分的体现。老人几次提及小男孩，就证明他也需要有人给他信心和支持。所以老人不是是神圣的，他也有自己的优点和缺点。
马诺林
马诺林这个角色虽然在小说中着笔甚少，但他却出现在情节发展的关键之处。从结构上看，马诺林从小说一开始就出现了;当桑地亚哥只身在海上时，他又出现在老人的思想意识里;老人捕鱼归来，马诺林又去安慰他、陪伴他。从社会关系上看，小孩马诺林是桑地亚哥的徒弟。他们彼此非常了解、亲密无间。老人丧妻无子，生活全凭马诺林照顾。从与老人出海捕鱼这一事件上看，马诺林也起着十分重要的作用。由于他离开了老人的小船，才使老人独自一人出海;老人出海，又是马诺林去送行，老人归来后，又是马诺林去照顾他，给他送饭，同他讨论以后的打算。由于他决定回到老人的船上，使得这一捕鱼事件同以后的事件之间有了明显的分界。可以说，没有小孩马诺林，老人桑地亚哥的故事无法开始;没有小孩马诺林，老人的故事也无法结束。既然马诺林是一个不可缺少的辅助角色，那么对它的研究就必须同主人公桑地亚哥联系起来。尽管评论者以不同方法、从不同角度对桑地亚歌进行了研究，得出的结论也有细微的差别，但对这一人物的勇气、忍耐、执着及其悲剧性却是众口一词的。
小孩马诺林这个角色在《老人与海》中起着十分重要的作用。首先，它帮助主要角色桑地亚哥获得了真正的谦卑的品质，完成了由个人英雄主义向团结互助精神的回归。这些“浑圆化”步骤的实现，不仅使桑地亚哥这一形象丰满起来，而且使他更适于作一个悲剧的主人公。其次，通过象征的手段，马诺林还帮助传达出了《老人与海》的两个次主题，即关于青年和老年的寓言，关于个人主义和团结互助的窝言。再次，在小说悲剧氛围的营造中，马诺林这一角色起着积极的作用。它帮助制造了悲剧所需要的孤独感，激起读者对桑地亚哥的同情怜悯;它又以主观客观两种形式与桑地亚哥构成对比，加深了我们对老人的同情和怜悯。最后，在确定《老人与海》的基调时，马诺林也起了关键作用。在老人安全归来这一客观事实基础上，它作为人间友爱和年轻一代的象征，将小说的方向对准未来，对准积极的乐观主义。
篇9：欧亨利简介
欧亨利的由来
欧·亨利的真名是锡特内·波特。18，德克萨斯大陪审团以所谓侵吞一家银行存款的同谋罪对他进行控告，于是他乘上火车奔赴县的首府，打算前去自首。但是旅途上他被自己出类拔萃的想象力吓坏了，丢人现眼、身陷囹圄的可怕场景一直在折磨着他，他没有勇气在县城下车，就继续乘车前行，一直来到新奥尔良。新奥尔良是通向美国中部几个风景如画的州的门户。一进入这几个州的界线，逃犯就可以免于引渡了。
在新奥尔良，恐惧驱使波特逃向更远的地方，他乘船来到了洪都拉斯。这里，法律的追究虽然解除，但他却变得极为怀念故土，以致他终于决心回国去面对审判了。他重又回到了新奥尔良，可又变得胆怯起来，但他还是留下来了。城里当时有一家人人皆知的酒吧，大家都叫它“烟厂酒吧”。酒吧的老板名叫亨利，他比同行高出一筹，因为他懂得给报纸记者们搜罗一条条消息，这对他们极有用处。各家报纸的记者常常光顾这个酒吧，看看亨利有没有新的消息。所以，这个地方便成了人们公认的报业俱乐部了。身为作家的锡特内·波特也被这个地方所吸引。
一天早晨，波特看见两个人站在酒吧的柜台旁边，一个是为《民主时代》工作的艺术家思斯特·海普纳；另一个是年轻记者比利·包尔。波特过去跟他们一起喝酒。他们东拉西扯地聊了几句以后，波特转身对老板说：“欧，亨利！再照样来一份！”几个人等着，波特从口袋里掏出一篇稿子说：“弟兄们，瞧，这是我写的。
我不想署上自己的名字，我用个什么名字才好呢？”
海普纳平静地说：“你干吗不干脆署上‘欧·享利’呢？天知道，你不是常常把这个名字挂在嘴上吗？”
波特笑了，当时他并没把这个玩笑放在心上。后来，他进了监狱。在一间又小又脏的单人牢房里，他写了一篇无与伦比的短篇小说，然而署名却使他绞尽了脑汁，因为这名字必须掩盖自己的身份和耻辱。蓦然间，他脑子里闪出了“烟厂酒吧”里那个快乐愉悦的场景。波特伸出手，拿起面前的稿子，在上面签上了——欧·亨利。
篇10：欧亨利简介
欧亨利简介
原名威廉西德尼波特（William Sydney Porter），是美国最著名的短篇小说家之一，曾被评论界誉 为曼哈顿桂冠散文作家和美国现代短篇小说之父。他出身于美国北卡罗来纳州格林斯波罗镇一个医师家庭。 他的`一生富于传奇性，当过药房学徒、牧牛人、会计员、土地局办事员、新闻记者、银行出纳员。当银行出 纳员时，因银行短缺了一笔现金，为避免审讯，离家流亡中美的洪都拉斯。后因回家探视病危的妻子被捕入 狱，并在监狱医务室任药剂师。他在银行工作时，曾有过写作的经历，担任监狱医务室的药剂师后开始认真 写作。1901年提前获释后，迁居纽约，专门从事写作。
欧亨利善于描写美国社会尤其是纽约百姓的生活。他的作品构思新颖，语言诙谐，结局常常出人意 外；又因描写了众多的人物，富于生活情趣，被誉为“美国生活的幽默百科全书”。代表作有小说集《白菜 与国王》、《四百万》、《命运之路》等。其中一些名篇如《爱的牺牲》、《警察与赞美诗》、《带家具出 租的房间》、《麦琪的礼物》、《最后一片藤叶》等使他获得了世界声誉。
文档为doc格式
