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猜测生词的能力

时间:2023-06-23 08:23:01 其他范文 收藏本文 下载本文

这里给大家分享一些猜测生词的能力,本文共8篇,供大家参考。

猜测生词的能力

篇1:猜测生词的能力

克服生词干扰 ,培养词汇“猜测能力 ,辨析能力以及词汇语感”学生们往往反映 :阅读材料中的生词太多 ,影响理解 。似乎只有掌握较多单词时 ,才能从事阅读 。其实,不尽然 。往往在句子与语篇的上下文中 ,充分利用 “冗余度”,便可将生疏词语的大意猜对八九分 ,这样便达到了“泛读”的目的 。如果事后有时间 ,再查阅一下词典 ,对生词的认识便十分准确了。

(1) We watched as the cat came quietly through the grass toward the bird. When it was just a few feet from the victim, it gathered its legs under itself, and pounced .

(2) What could John expect? He had left his wet swimming trunks in the dark closet for over a week. Of course they had begun to mildew.

(3) In spite of the fact that the beautiful egret is in danger of dying out completely, many clothing manufacturers still offer handsome prices for their long, elegant tail feathers, which are used as decorations on ladies’hats .

(4) When he learned that the club was planning to admit women, the colonel began to inveigh against all forms of liberalism; his shouting attack began with universal voting and ended with a protest against the volunteer army.

(5) Experts in kinetics, in their study of body motion as related to speech, hope to discover new methods of communication.

(6) Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends.

(7) After a day of hunting, Harold is ravenous. Yesterday, for example, he ate two bowls of soup, salad , a large chicken , and a piece of chocolate cake before he was finally satisfied .

(8) The major points of your plan are clear to me , but the details are still hazy .

(9) By putting his fingers in his mouth and blowing hard through his teeth and fingers , Mr. Gilbreth produced a loud whistle .

(10) In order to discover who had a natural ability to learn language , the students were given tests to determine their language aptitude .

(11) Mother was tall, fat , and middle aged. The principal of the school was an old woman, almost as plump as Mother, and much shorter .

(12) I became angrier and angrier as Don talked , but I refrained from saying anything .

(13) Most dentists’offices are drab places, but Emilo’s new office is a bright, cheerful place .

(14) Most of us learn very young in life to control basic drives such as sex, hunger,and aggression .

(15) The memory of a bad experience can sometimes trigger the same fear caused by that experience . Thus , a child might be frightened by the sight of a dog even though he is safe , merely because he once had a bad experience with a dog . A bad experience can be the cue that triggers our fears .

(16) Because it is necessary to recognize a problem before it can be solved , admitting that we are afraid is an integral part of the process of mastering our fears .

(17) People who survive frightening situations frequently intersperse their story of the crisis with laughter . Part of the laughter expressed is relief that everything is all righ . During a crisis , everyone mobilizes energy to deal with the potential problem . If the danger is avoided we need to release that energy . For example , if a pilot averts a plane crash by making a safe emergency landing , he may laugh as he describes his experiences .

(18) The members of the family were so angry that I decided to stay away from the house until dinner . Their rage truly frightened me .

(19) I begged the family not to kill the scorpions , and they finally listened to my pleas .

(20) Mr and Mrs Firth had a long courtship . They dated for nine years before they got married.

21)After the scorpion affair the whole family tried in vain to get me to stop collecting animals and insects . They should have known that I wouldn’t stop collecting just because of one little scare .

(22) In the past , the world seemed to run in an orderly way . Now , however , everything seems to be in a state of turmoil .

(23) Monkeys are well known for their grooming habits ; they spend hours carefully cleaning bits of dirt straw from their coats .

(24) Robert is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others .

(25) Instead of complaining to me that you’re ailing , you should see a doctor to find out what’s wrong with you .

(26) Many people believe that only primitive societies have a special ceremony to celebrate the time when a child becomes an adult ; however , anthropologists say that advanced cultures also have uberty rites .

(27) Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health . They also regard drinking as harmful .

(28) Sue has been blind from birth, but she did not let her handicap stop her from going to college .

(29) Rick spent all of his time playing sports instead of studying ; as a result his reading ability has been handicapped . His mental development lags behind his physical development .

(30) Alice shouted into the cave calling for her brother , but the only sound she heard was the echo of her own voice bouncing off the stone walls .

(31) When the child moved to the city she frequently got lost if she went out alone. She could never remember which direction she had come from ; she was unable to orient herself in her new surroundings .

(32) The singer’s performance was not very good; the notes he sang were often the wrong pitch --- sometimes they were too low and sometimes too high .

(33)The doctor said that if a person ate even one leaf of the hemlock plant, he would die, because the plant is a deadly poison.

(34) The murderer had developed a poison which could not be tasted or smelled when mixed with food . Because it was imperceptible , he was able to murder a number of people without being caught .

(35) “Since you are my best friend , and because I can trust you , I know I can be confidential with you . Listen carefully , because what I am going to tell you is a secret ,”said Henry .

(36) “I am able to oblige you , sir ; I can give you the item you wanted so badly .”

(37) There are times when one wants to be surrounded by people , and there are times when one needs solitude .

(38) The man was so jealous of his wife that he would not allow her to talk to other men .

Keys:

(1)由上文gathered its legs under itself 看到pounced = moved by gathering its legs under itself, 即= jumped :

(2)潮湿的游泳衣,放在阴暗的箱子内,一周之久,会怎样?当然“发霉”了。故,mildew = mold or rot (as a result) 。

(3)从die out 灭绝, tail feather羽毛尾巴 及上下文看到:egret 是一种bird 。(4)从上下文看到 :inveigh against = attack shoutingly(吵吵闹闹地反对) (下文的:shouting attack )。

(5)kinetics = study of body motion as related to speech (同位语往往就是某个词汇的说明 或定义 。)

(6)因姐妹不同,故定语从句who便是gregarious的定义。gregarious = liking to go to parties or to making new friends or sociable (善于社交)。

(7)从在下文的表现,看到 :ravenous = extremely hungry , greedy 。

(8)从上文的看到hazy的反义词是clear,故hazy = not clear。

(9)从上下文的描绘看到whistle的动作说明,即,whistle = put one’s fingers in one’s mouth and blow hard through one’s teeth and fingers , producing a loud sound。

(10)在上文中找到了aptitude的定义,即,aptitude = a natural ability to learn something special , such as a language etc.。

(11)在对比Mother和principal的描绘中,使用了三个形容词 ,即:tall 对shorter,middled aged对older,那么fat不就是对plump吗 ?因此plump = fat 这里使用了排除法)。

(12)借助上下文和介词from,看到refrained =上下文中并不存在的control(自我克制)。(13)下文中drab的反义词bright , cheerful指明drab = dark , cheerless , dull 。

(14)从上下文推出drives = needs = impulse(冲动)。

(15)从上下文推出 :这个小语篇中的trigger = cause ,而cue又= trigger 。

(16)从上下文推出 :integral = necessary即 integral = whole , cannot be separated, essential。

(17)从上下文推出:avert = avoid ,而 intersperse的定义则从其后面的介词with (= using)看到intersperse = put …into … , mix (即在叙述可怕的事情时,不时加入笑声 。)

(18)上下文中的不同词类也可以互相解释 ,如 :angry与rage ,因此rage = anger 。

(19)同上。plea = begging。

(20)同上。courtship = date(= to talk to love with)的名词date(= love talk)。

(21)从下文的虚拟语气看到:全家人是白费力气了,因此 :in vain = fruitlessly , without any success or any result。

(22)上文的反义词orderly指明turmoil = great disorder。

(23)上下文中的同一形式词汇互相解释,grooming = cleaning。

(24)下文解释上文,即 :autocratic = dictatory , dictatorial , making decisions without seeking or asking for the opinions of others。

(25)下文的what’s wrong with you 说明 you’re ailing 因此ailing = ill, sick 。

(26)上文的长篇大论成为下文puberty rites的解释,即 :a puberty rite = a special ceremony to celebrate the time when a child becomes an adult(= grown-up)。

(27)两个短句子的动词互相解释,即:regard = (近似于)believe ,而两个形容词也互相解释,即:detrimental = harmful 。

(28)这里的handicap并不完全等于blind from birth,但是却包含了blind的意思,handicap(残疾)= inability to see , to move about , to hear etc. difficulty in doing things。

(29)从上下文推出 :lag behind = fall behind , develop more slowly than。

(30)从上下文推出 :echo = the same sound sent back 。

(31)从上下文推出 :orient = find where one is or where one is going , remember the direction in which one is moving ;

(32)从上下文推出 :pitch = notes = level of sound , how high or how low one sings or speaks ;

(33)从上下文推出 :poison与die有关,即 :poison = something that , if eaten , would make people die 。

(34)从上下文推出 :imperceptible = not able to be tasted or smell when mixed with。

(35)从best friend, I can trust you , I am going to tell you is a secret三个因素推出:be confidential = trust(v)。

(36)从下文I can give you the item you wanted so badly 看到 :oblige = do you a favour with something you want badly 。

(37)从反义词词群wants to be surrounded by people 看到 :solitude = do not want to be surrounded by people , being away from people 。

(38)从句义看到:the man是个“醋缸子”,因此jealous = unhappy to see ... on good terms with others or be friendly to others , afraid others would fall in love with ... 。

篇2:如何猜测阅读中生词的含义

阅读是一种独立的、主动的、有目的的阅读学习,是一个获取信息并解决问题的逻辑思维过程,是一个理解辨别的过程。一个善于阅读的人不会逐字逐句去阅读大量的材料来实现阅读理解获取信息的目的,更不会因阅读中遇到生词而中断原有的流畅阅读去查阅词典辨析词义,而往往会尽可能地利用已有的知识经验、利用构词法、利用上下文等语言学习技巧来猜测辨析词义,以保持流畅快速的阅读心态,加快理解辨别的过程。常见猜测词语含义的做法如下:

1.利用构词法猜测生词的含义

1)利用构词法中的词缀法(affixation)猜测生词的含义。

词根是英语词汇学习中认知并扩充新词、辨认词义的关键词。英语中的词缀不计其数。它们依附在词根上不仅扩大了词汇的意义,而且还赋予了词汇新的句法功能。前缀一般不改变原有的词性,只改变词义;而后缀通常要改变词性,但词义基本上和原来的词根意义一致。如interesting(adj.)有趣的→uninteresting(adj.)没趣的;meaning (n.)意义→meaningful(adj.)富有意义的→meaningfully(adv.)极富有意义地,等等。由此可见,词缀表义离不开词根,词根增添新义有赖于不同的词缀。只有了解不同词缀的含义,才能确保猜测词语含义的正确性。

When he reached the place with his army,he found an impassable river in front of him.

例句中的“impassable”前后都加附了词缀,前缀im-为否定意义“not”,后缀“-able”为“可能”,意义是“can”。根据词根“pass”(通过)的含义可推测该词意为“无法通过的”。

2)利用构词法中的合成法(compounding)猜测生词的含义。

合成法一般是由两个意义不同的词组合在一起,但各自基本上仍保留原有的词汇意义,并在合成新词的基础上再生相应的词义。合成词可以用连字符将词合二为一,也可不用连字符。有合成名词、形容词、动词和副词。但应注意合成词也有不可望文生义的词。如 greenhouse(温室),不是“绿色的房屋”, blackboard(黑板),不是“黑颜色的板子”等。试看下列合成词在句中的含义。

(1)Saint Valentine's Day is a time of happiness for lovers.Boys like to give girls flowers as presents.On that day,he came to see me with a forget-me-not in his hand.

由句中“情人节”情侣送花的信息,“forget-me-not”可推测为一种花,直译为“忘我不了”。而花卉知识提示此花应为“勿忘我”,可用来表达情侣间的情意缠绵。

(2)Child labourers in Dickens'novels were ill-treated and underfed.

例句中“ill”为“坏的、不好的”,“treated”为“受……对待”;“under”为“不是的、低于……”,“fed”为“喂饱”。因此可推测上述词语为“受虐待”又“吃不饱”。

(3)The farmers raised crops every other year in the area so that they never overworked the land.

例句中“over”为“过度”,“worked”为“耕耘”。从主句中得知农民每隔一年都要在这片土地上耕耘,所以他们没有理由还要让这片土地因“过度耕作”而失去其永久的价值。

(4)Francis Chichester sailed round the world single-handed.

例句中“single”为“单个的”;“handed”为“人手”,起着以人体部分代整体的作用。故可猜测该词为“独自一个地”、“单枪匹马地”。

3)利用构词法中的转化法(conversion)猜测生词的含义。

英语中一词多义是常见的现象,而且词性的转化使用也常见于不同形式的文章内容中。通常有名词和动词的相互转化,形容词转化为名词或动词。转化过程中词形不变,词义偶有变化。尤其是词性的根本性转化使词义要根据转化后该词的句法功能作相应的理解和猜测。

(1)I can't imagine a move.I've really been enjoying the job.

例句中“move”由动词“移动”、“搬动”,根据句子意思转化为名词“挪个地方”、“换份工作”。

(2)The author emptied all his pockets to find his ticket.

例句中“emptied”由形容词“空的”转化为动词“翻空”、“掏空”。

2.利用上下文线索猜测生词的含义

阅读是无限的。阅读内容的千变万化使得阅读学习不可能完全依靠词典来逐个认知生词的含义。因此,在无法以构词法知识来猜测生词时,还可以根据不同文章的上下文关系来猜测不断遇到的生词。

1)利用上下文线索的同义(近义)关系和反义关系(Synonymy and Antonymy)。

(1)Their friends laughed at them,and the sisters felt wretched,very unhappy.One of them even cried and sobbed.

从例句中“very unhappy”和“cried”得知被人嘲笑的姐妹们“感到不幸”“哭了起来”。由此可推断是因为她们“感到痛苦”(felt wretched),才会有人“抽噎”(sobbed)。

(2)In the northern regions the winters are generally cold and humid,and the summers hot and dry.

从例句中冬夏两季的气候反差来看,“cold”的反义为“hot”,那么“humid”的反义为“dry”。因而不难推测“hum id”为“潮湿的”含义。

2)利用上下文线索的对比关系(comparison)和矛盾关系(contradiction)。

(1)Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning.Conversely, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields.

通过句中两个由“some people...”引起的句子内容的不同结局对比,可以推测“conversely”为“相反地”。

(2)Pygmies can move in the treetops almost expertly as monkeys...one of the most surprising facts about these small men and women is their great appetite—they can eat much.

从例句中以物的类比和矛盾的描写里,可知Pygmies(俾格米人)是能够似灵猴般在树梢上穿行的矮小人种(small men and women);他们人虽矮小,但却吃得很多(eat much),胃口大得很(great appetite)。这种即包含同义、对比又包含矛盾关系的描写无疑保证了对文字的正确认识和猜测的准确性。

3)利用上下文线索的词的关系(word relation)和短语、句子重述(rephrasing and restatement)。

(1)Only archaeologists can find out a lot about our early history.

众所周知,能够发现许多东西与我们早

期历史有关联的人往往“只有”(only)我们的历史“考古学家”(archaeologist)。

(2)Psychology,the study of man's mind,depends on careful observation of people behavior or actions under certain conditions.

例句中“the study of man's mind”(对人类精神的研究)的短语重述,结合下文内容可猜测出Psychology为研究人类行为心理的“心理学”。

(3)Skim before you read.This means looking over a passage quickly before you begin to read it more carefully.

例句中“This means...”句子重述skim的解释,可推测该词意为“浏览”、“快读”或“略读”。

4)利用上下文线索中的相关知识信息和已有的知识经验(inform ation and experience)。

(1)My parents went out and got a new TV.That afternoon an antenna was put on the roof.

能够架在屋顶上并且与新购置的电视有关系的显然是用于接收信号的电视“天线”(antenna)。

(2)If you go southwest in China,you'll find the beautiful sights of Everest,the highest mountain in the world.

毫无疑问,一直向着中国西南方行进映入眼帘的将会是世界之巅的美丽景色——西方人眼中的埃非尔士峰(Everest),中国人妇孺皆知的世界最高峰(the highest mountain in the world)——珠穆朗玛峰。

总之,阅读过程中猜测生词含义的方式是多种多样的。从某种程度上来说,猜测的准确性取决于个人的知识和经验。读得多,见识多,积累的知识越多,阅读时就会触类旁通。

篇3:对英语阅读中生词猜测策略的探讨

对英语阅读中生词猜测策略的探讨

英语阅读在英语学习中起着举足轻重的.作用,本文着力从猜测词义策略方面,探讨了如何处理英语阅读中的生词.

作 者:蒋绍南 JIANG Shao-nan  作者单位:随州职业技术学院,湖北随州,441300 刊 名:中国西部科技 英文刊名:SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WEST CHINA 年,卷(期): 7(29) 分类号:H3 关键词:英语阅读   阅读理解   词义猜测策略  

篇4:英语本科生词块能力调查

英语本科生词块能力调查

文章报告了对英语专业学生词块能力的一项实证性调查.调查采用能力测试的.形式,结合定性和定量分析探求词块能力和语言能力的关系.结果表明:词块能力与语言综合能力及具体语言技能之间均具有显著的正相关.因此可以认为词块能力是语言能力的一项重要指标.同时也发现中国英语学习者的词块能力总体来说不容乐观.

作 者:刁琳琳  作者单位:61580,部队,北京,100091 刊 名:解放军外国语学院学报  PKU CSSCI英文刊名:JOURNAL OF PLA UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES 年,卷(期): 27(4) 分类号:H319.3 关键词:英语学习者   词块能力   语言能力  

篇5:猜测现代诗歌

猜测现代诗歌

《猜测》

时光眯着眼睛,在钓竿上

打盹。你像书生一样

端坐在,唐朝的寒江

你的长安,诗卷,还有烈酒

都系在我的钓竿上

我与你的距离

是一根钓竿的距离

此时,春天是一股暗流

从四面八方涌出

种子落到地上,我躲在冻土中

带着秘密,和冰水一起做梦

鱼儿咬钩了?没有

提起,放下,再提起,又放下

哎,这一尾丰腴的鱼儿呀

就这样,诱惑着我

《耳鸣》

你在数着星子的时候,我捏着

一个豆荚,不知所措

白莲花一样的月亮让大地夜不能寐

眼睛被月光刺伤,万物被眼睛刺伤

烛火在静静的燃烧

我的世界有鸟在哭泣

纵火,摔婴,枪击,猝死

网络暴力背后的各种门……

殷殷的.哭泣让我的世界,动荡不安

这样的夜晚,这些声音多么崩溃

这样下去,桃花是红不了啦

稻穗也熟不了啦

我只能捏紧手中的豆荚

把豆粒一样的心,紧紧守住

《燃烧》

你看,我多么容易就忘了

之前的辛劳

开花,结果,一路呼啸

我有一枝条的梦,花苞和叶子

只要吹一吹风

每一个花苞都能欢笑

每一片叶子都会舞蹈

我还要开白的花,结绿的瓜

在一个篱笆上纵横

纠缠成,明艳的画

倘若风势够大

把火焰再吹高一些

把夕阳烧回家,把夜晚烧上天空

把月亮烧得柔软

把石头烧成星光

温一壶酒,围坐在月光旁

低着头,握着手,也不说话

你看,这多么像两只苹果

并着肩,红着脸

《吻合》

几个字在一首诗里跑

跑成一个短句

又跑成一行短句

有时间,地点,人物

起因,经过和结果

这其间,有一朵花掉在地上

花瓣紧紧裹着花蕊

没有故事发生

我开始假寐

让一些字停下来

把一首诗停止,把自己停止

安静,最初的安静

《水到渠成》

如果可以,我要一段这样的时光

一泓看得见的湖水,几棵

春天或者秋天的树

还要会跑的太阳,以及会静止的风

然后你说,这个早晨真好

于是,就有风吹到我的心里

有阳光让心温暖,还有几棵树

支撑着我的心,这样好安全

即便我掉进湖里,心也不会塌

我就爱这样想象,薄如蝉翼的飞翔

一些不着边际的表达,似流水缓缓

我还是抱着露珠回家吧

有些话,若一开口

水就会燃烧,沸腾的将是一片天空

篇6:口语题中阅读“第六感”:培养猜测词义能力

我们在阅读时会不可避免地遇到些生词,频繁地查字典实在不是一个上策(要知道新托福考试是不容许查字典的),因为,那样即耽误了阅读时间又中断了阅读思路,使大脑处于“停机”状态,阅读理解的质量当然就会很差。那又如何是好呢?

其实,阅读的目的在于获得整个句子、整个段落、乃至整个篇章的思想,而不是各个孤立的词汇的意义。新托福口语考试中的阅读,考查的是考生对段落中心思想整体把握的能力,只要能获得阅读材料的主要信息,并随后能用自己的话加以陈述,一两个生词不会有什么大碍。

不可否认,巨大的词汇量是高质量的阅读和高质量的口语的基础。但当遇到生词时总查字典又不现实(特别是在考试时),那么我们不妨利用上下文来推测,看看我们有多大的猜词本领。强大的猜词本领无疑会有助于阅读速度和阅读能力的提高。

1.根据定义、解释猜测词义

we all know that ants are ferocious eaters. they differ widely in their diets and may be carnivorous, herbivorous, or omnivorous,meaning that some eat meat; others eat only plants while others eat a combination of both.

由后面的解释我们可以得知:“carnivorous”的意思是“食肉的”;“herbivorous”的意思是“食草的”;“omnivorous”的意思是“杂食的”。

2.根据复述(同位语、定语等)

today, i’d like to talk about some of the changes land can undergo, specifically desertification, process through which land becomes part of a desert.

后面的同位语告诉我们“desertification”的意思是“沙漠化。”since the fossil of the anchaeopteryx, the first ‘bird’, was discovered in germany in 1861, there has been continuous disagreement as to whether or not it could actually fly. anchaeopteryx — the first bird: “始祖鸟”

3.根据举例

after breakfast, many people go to church; but the children will be playing with their new toys, and the mother will probably be preparing the christmas dinner. this includes poultry for the main course (e.g. chicken, turkey, duck, goose), salads, breads, and vegetable, and features a variety of desserts, for example, pies, puddings, and ice cream.

“chicken, turkey, duck, goose”同属“poultry:家禽”。

4.根据对比关系

jane was talking with others while eliza remained reticent all the time.

“while”是一个显示对比的信号词,“reticent”与“talking”相对应,“reticent”:沉默的。

most of us agreed; however, bill dissented.

“agreed”与“dissented”形成对比。

5.根据比喻关系

the hot-air balloon took off. it was as buoyant in the air as a cork (软木塞) in water.

把热气球比作水中的软木塞,说明“buoyant ”的意义:“漂浮;浮力。”

6.根据同义词的替代

venus rotates retrograde, or “backwards”, spinning in the opposite direction of its orbit around the sun.

由“backwards”这一替代词得知“retrograde”的意思:“向后的。”

7.有时也可根据一般性常识/生活经验猜测词义

the door was so low that i hit my head on the lintel.

门太低,我的头撞在“lintel门楣”上了。

he got on the motorbike, i sat behind him on the pillion, and we roared off into the night.

由经验得知“pillion”是motorbike的“后座、后鞍。”

8.也可根据词形构造猜测词义

more recently, scientists have documented an alarmingly high occurrence of frogs with malformations.

form是词根, formation“形式”,mal-:构词前缀,可表示“坏、恶、不良”,还可表示“不、不正常、不当、非法。”malformation的意思就应该是“畸形。”更多的例子如:malnutrition: 营养不良;malconduct:(公职人员的)胡作非为;maladjustive: 引起失调的;不利调节的。

当然,要想做到这一点,就必须掌握英语常用的前缀、后缀及词根的意义。

篇7:数学中对学生猜测能力的培养

数学中对学生猜测能力的培养

数学中对学生猜测能力的培养

楚怡小学 杨文婷

猜测是人们以自己已有的知识为基础,通过对问题的分析、归纳,或将其与有类似关系的特例进行比较、分析,通过判断、推理对问题结果作出的估测。猜测是数学理论的胚胎,许多伟大的数学家都是通过猜想发现了别人都不曾发现的真理。新的数学课程标准也认为:学生应“经历观察、实验、猜想、证明等数学活动,发展合情推理能力和初步的演绎推理能力”。由此可见猜测是发展数学,学好数学的重要方式之一。

那么,作为一名新世纪的数学教师,应该如何培养学生的猜测能力呢。根据自己的实践经验,我认为应该从如下几方面着手:

一、发掘教材的趣味性,激发学生的猜测兴趣。

著名心理学家彼得罗夫斯基说过:“稳定的兴趣是人产生能力的一种证据。”要培养学生的猜测能力,首先必须激起他们的猜测兴趣,学生自主、自愿地去猜,去想。

如教学》比长短、高矮》时,我没有按教材中的直接由图引入,而是将一支铅笔藏在背后,然后提问:我的铅笔长还是短?学生一脸茫然,我激励他们:猜一猜?多有趣的问题,学生的兴趣一下被提起来了,抢着猜:长、短。还有的说:不知道,因为没有比较。我紧接着又提出:猜一猜,我的铅笔和你的比较,谁长?谁短?学生马上争着来和我的铅笔进行比较,从而进一步掌握了比较的方法。整个过程学生通过有趣的猜测,对知识进行了主动的探究,争做学习的小主人。

二、挖掘教材,增加猜测的机会。

教学法认为:对培养学生探究问题的能力而言,提出猜想,树立假设比验证更重要。而传统的教材一般只有理论的复述,缺乏猜想的空间。教师作为引路人,应深入钻研教材,比教材中挖掘出适合猜想的内容,为学生提供猜测的机会。

1、利用教材中的已有素材,改变其陈述方式,对学生进行猜测训练。

对培养学生探究问题能力而言,提出猜想,树立假设比验证更重要。对于低年级学生来说,要使他们提出猜想,教师首先必须做出示范,引导他们有目的地进行猜想。如教材中》分与合》的练习一般是留几个空给学生填,形式比较呆板,做得多了学生会觉得乏味。于是我设计了一个猜数游戏:一个数是由3和5组成的,它是几?一个数可以分成3和3,它是几?从而引起了学生猜谜般极大的兴趣,同时也训练了学生的'逆向思维能力。然后,我又要求学生:你能像我一样说一个数给我猜吗?这下,学生的兴趣更高了,他们争先恐后地出题让我猜。通过模仿,学生的自我猜测能力有了极大的提高。

2、将教材中理论化的知识有意识地还原,变成可猜测的教材。

在数学学习的过程中,使学生成为知识的发现者远比使他们成为知识的接收者来得重要。书中的数学理论,虽然没必要都要求学生通过猜想验证变为自己的直接经验,但其中一些易于学生在生活中发现的数学理论,教师不妨将它们还原,促使学生通过猜想来验证它。

如教学<<有余数的除法>>时,对于余数能否比除数大的问题,可以交给学生猜想。学生通过前半节课的学习以及对除法的初步认识,便知道余数如果比除数大,就还可以再分一份。如此一来,学生就能运用已有的知识来证明新的理论,这远比教师一而再,再而三地强调要有效得多。

3、适当改编教材的呈现方式和顺序,加大学生猜测的空间。

如四年级的乘法的交换律和结合律,都是通过大量的练习,然后引导学生发现其中的规律。这样做,虽然有利于学生分析能力的培养,可学生仍是知识的被动接收者。

我在刚上课时对学生劈头就问:乘法里面有没有交换律和结合律,为什么?学生一下子就钻了进去,开始猜想,如果有,该怎样证明;如果没有,那两个乘数交换位置积没变又该怎样解释。没过多久,有学生就举手了,他说,有,因为加法里面有交换律和结合律。另一名学生马上起来补充,因为二年级学乘法口诀时一句口诀对应两个算式,所以乘法有交换律。同时,他们还举出了大量的例子进行验证。短短一堂课的时间,学生不仅认识了乘法的交换律,同时也了解了乘法的结合律。并能利用数学语言清楚的产明自己的观点,大大提高了课堂的教学效率。

三、加强猜测训练,使之成为学生的一种学习习惯。

思维是从疑问和惊奇开始的,而“真正的数学家常常凭借数学的直觉思维进行猜想。”只有当猜想成为一种习惯,学生对于数学知识的学习就已经不再是一种负担了。

1、课堂中应利用多种形式加强猜测训练。

猜测训练应从低年级就开始着手。对于刚入学的儿童,好奇心是最强的,教师要小心地呵护这种好奇心,引导他们猜测他们所能了解的知识。并应采用各种生动活泼的形式,如游戏,猜数字,猜大小

[1] [2]

篇8:猜测小学作文

猜测小学作文

在大多数同学心里,大作家一定是水平出众、才华横溢的,可是,大家都来想一想、猜一猜,小学生的作品和大作家之间会有多少差距呢?

星期四的语文课上,杨老师带着我们玩了一个猜测游戏:由杨老师写上一些诗作的题目,并把每一篇都读一遍让我们来猜猜哪些是大作家写的,哪些是小学生写的。这还用比吗?不看都知道,我心里直犯嘀咕。只见杨老师握着粉笔慢慢写下这几个诗题:“鸟与树”、“舟与岸”、“珍珠与盒子”、“箭头与路”、“虫与树”……每写一个我们的思维就越来越集中,思考就越来越专注,每位同学的目光都紧盯着黑板,或者点头,或者摇头,或者握拳,或者开怀大笑。我也不例外,全身心地思索着、掂量着。乍看题目,似乎每一个都意味深长,蕴味无穷。可是,当看到“蝶恋花”这个题目时,全班同学都异口同声地喊道:“只有《蝶恋花》才是大作家写的!”杨老师只是微笑,就是不说出正确答案。顿时,我又怀疑刚才答案的正确性,其中肯定藏有玄机,真让人捉摸不透啊!

见我们个个都考虑不停,似乎总是找不到正确答案,杨老师终于泄露出了一些新秘密:“既然大家都迫切地想知道正确答案,我就把每首诗的`内容都读一遍,读完之后再来猜猜。”大家仿佛找到了新的希望,全神贯注地洗耳恭听,每个故事都是讲“√”“×”与“作业本”的关系,像《箭头和路》,就是把“√”比作“箭头”,把“作业本”比作“路”,一个个“√”就像一个个箭头,在人生的道路上指引着我们走向成功。每一首诗都运用了大量比喻的修辞手法,用无限的创意与遐想来向读者诠释一个个深刻的哲理,要分出个高低来还真不容易。

我不断地猜想着、斟酌着,每读一篇,我就好好理一下思路,聆听着来自心灵的抉择。有的同学已经有了最终的决定,脸上挂了一丝微笑;有的同学始终皱着眉,抿着嘴,时而跺脚,时而一拍脑袋;还有的几个人凑在一起各抒己见,交流想法。紧张的气氛始终弥漫在大家周围,我们都带着激动的心情等待着最终的结果。杨老师终于揭晓了谜底:《鸟与树》是大作家之作!“啊!”同学们一声惊呼,显然,这大大出乎我们的意料。

同学们有的自豪,有的失落,但更多的是一种喜悦——通过这次猜测游戏,我们真切地感受到小学生的诗篇有时并不比大作家逊色,只要努力,人人都可以写出最好的作品!

猜测的意思和造句

面试过程及结果猜测

雅思阅读生词看不懂怎么办

GRE阅读解决生词问题技巧

绍兴太学生词作鉴赏——南乡子

反思能力

能力近义词

教学能力

能力近义词

褚生词作鉴赏——百字令.德祐乙亥

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