下面是小编整理的雅思阅读生词看不懂怎么办，本文共8篇，欢迎您能喜欢，也请多多分享。
篇1：雅思阅读生词看不懂怎么办
雅思阅读生词看不懂怎么办 如何做生词预判?
雅思阅读主要是考察考生的同义词和同义句的理解，并不是说认识越多的生词越好。尤其是有些雅思阅读文章中涉及一些专业词汇和术语，平时很难用到。通过雅思生词的预判，考生可以在不影响做题的情况下，用最短的时间完成对雅思阅读文章的整体掌握。
为了更好地表达文章的主旨，揭示所要诠释的思想，作者往往常常在文章中对一些比较重要的词汇、概念和难懂的术语等做出一些解释，这种解释称作针对性解释，它可以提供明确的信息，可以利用这些针对性解释来猜测词义。
1、生词预判之定义句
在雅思阅读中，如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
例如： anthropology is the scientific study of man。
由定义可知，anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。
In slang the term “jam” constitutes a state of being in which a personfinds himself or herself in a difficult situation。
同样，从雅思阅读上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, beconsidered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify,constitute等。
2、生词预判之猜测词义
虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。
同位语 Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you areto speak and read intelligently。
此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semanties式同位关系，因此我们不难猜出semanties指“语义学”。
在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号，和括号等。
Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the mostcommon characteristics of electronic circuits。
由同位语我们很快猜出生词capacitance词义---电容量。
需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, orother, say i. e. 等副词或短语出现。
定语从句 Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affectivedisorder, a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings。
根据生词SAD后面定语从句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位语a syndromecharacterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我们可以推断出 SAD含义，即“季节性情绪紊乱症”。
3、生词预判之前后句线索
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索，例如：
The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientificdiscoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in thepast。
句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例，通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的大致词义“重要的”，这与其确切含义“划时代的”十分接近。
雅思阅读中所出的文章范围广，领域涉及多面，因此，要考生完全读懂文章是不可能的。这就需要考生们要具有根据上下文或者关键词来猜测词义与长难句的能力。
综上，雅思阅读中涉及到多个学科领域的文章生词，但雅思考试终归不是考察考生的词汇量的掌握，而是阅读理解能力，所以，生词预判能力的掌握能更好地帮助考生在有限时间内完成雅思阅读考试。这个能力需要考生在不断的练习中去总结经验，理论知识已经给到给位了，剩下的还是要靠考生自己。
雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案
Don’t wash those fossils!
Standard museum practice can wash away DNA.
1. Washing， brushing and varnishing fossils — all standard conservation treatments used by many fossil hunters and museum curators alike — vastly reduces the chances of recovering ancient DNA.
2. Instead， excavators should be handling at least some of their bounty with gloves， and freezing samples as they are found， dirt and all， concludes a paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences today.
3. Although many palaeontologists know anecdotally that this is the best way to up the odds of extracting good DNA， Eva-Maria Geigl of the Jacques Monod Institute in Paris， France， and her colleagues have now shown just how important conservation practices can be. This information， they say， needs to be hammered home among the people who are actually out in the field digging up bones.
4. Geigl and her colleagues looked at 3，200-year-old fossil bones belonging to a single individual of an extinct cattle species， called an aurochs. The fossils were dug up at a site in France at two different times — either in 1947， and stored in a museum collection， or in ， and conserved in sterile conditions at -20 oC.
5. The team’s attempts to extract DNA from the 1947 bones all failed. The newly excavated fossils， however， all yielded DNA.
6. Because the bones had been buried for the same amount of time， and in the same conditions， the conservation method had to be to blame says Geigl. “As much DNA was degraded in these 57 years as in the 3，200 years before，” she says.
Wash in， wash out
7. Because many palaeontologists base their work on the shape of fossils alone， their methods of conservation are not designed to preserve DNA， Geigl explains.
8. The biggest problem is how they are cleaned. Fossils are often washed together on-site in a large bath， which can allow water — and contaminants in the form of contemporary DNA — to permeate into the porous bones. “Not only is the authentic DNA getting washed out， but contamination is getting washed in，” says Geigl.
9. Most ancient DNA specialists know this already， says Hendrik Poinar， an evolutionary geneticist at McMaster University in Ontario， Canada. But that doesn’t mean that best practice has become widespread among those who actually find the fossils.
10. Getting hold of fossils that have been preserved with their DNA in mind relies on close relationships between lab-based geneticists and the excavators， says palaeogeneticist Svante P bo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig， Germany. And that only occurs in exceptional cases， he says.
11. P bo’s team， which has been sequencing Neanderthal DNA， continually faces these problems. “When you want to study ancient human and Neanderthal remains， there’s a big issue of contamination with contemporary human DNA，” he says.
12. This doesn’t mean that all museum specimens are fatally flawed， notes P bo. The Neanderthal fossils that were recently sequenced in his own lab， for example， had been part of a museum collection treated in the traditional way. But P bo is keen to see samples of fossils from every major find preserved in line with Geigl’s recommendations — just in case.
Warm and wet
13. Geigl herself believes that， with cooperation between bench and field researchers， preserving fossils properly could open up avenues of discovery that have long been assumed closed.
14. Much human cultural development took place in temperate regions. DNA does not survive well in warm environments in the first place， and can vanish when fossils are washed and treated. For this reason， Geigl says， most ancient DNA studies have been done on permafrost samples， such as the woolly mammoth， or on remains sheltered from the elements in cold caves — including cave bear and Neanderthal fossils.
15. Better conservation methods， and a focus on fresh fossils， could boost DNA extraction from more delicate specimens， says Geigl. And that could shed more light on the story of human evolution.
(640 words nature )
Glossary
Palaeontologists 古生物学家
Aurochs 欧洲野牛
Neanderthal (人类学)尼安德特人，旧石器时代的古人类。
Permafrost (地理)永冻层
雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案
Questions 1-6
Answer the following questions by using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
1. How did people traditionally treat fossils?
2. What suggestions do Geigl and her colleagues give on what should be done when fossils are found?
3. What problems may be posed if fossil bones are washed on-site? Name ONE.
4. What characteristic do fossil bones have to make them susceptible to be contaminated with contemporary DNA when they are washed?
5. What could be better understood when conservation treatments are improved?
6. The passage mentioned several animal species studied by researchers. How many of them are mentioned?
Questions 7-11
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer
FALSE if the statement does not agree with the writer
NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage
7. In their paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ， Geigl and her colleagues have shown what conservation practices should be followed to preserve ancient DNA.
8. The fossil bones that Geigl and her colleagues studied are all from the same aurochs.
9. Geneticists don’t have to work on site.
10. Only newly excavated fossil bones using new conservation methods suggested by Geigl and her colleagues contain ancient DNA.
11. Paabo is still worried about the potential problems caused by treatments of fossils in traditional way.
Questions 12-13
Complete the following the statements by choosing letter A-D for each answer.
12. “This information” in paragraph 3 indicates：
[A] It is critical to follow proper practices in preserving ancient DNA.
[B] The best way of getting good DNA is to handle fossils with gloves.
[C] Fossil hunters should wear home-made hammers while digging up bones.
[D] Many palaeontologists know how one should do in treating fossils.
13. The study conducted by Geigl and her colleagues suggests：
[A] the fact that ancient DNA can not be recovered from fossil bones excavated in the past.
[B] the correlation between the amount of burying time and that of the recovered
DNA.
[C] the pace at which DNA degrades.
[D] the correlation between conservation practices and degradation of DNA.
(by Zhou Hong)
Suggested answers and explanations
1. washing， brushing， varnishing 见第一段。
2. handling with gloves / freezing samples ( any one of the two ) 见第二段。
3. losing authentic DNA / being contaminated / contamination ( any one of the three) 见第八段 “Not only is the authentic DNA getting washed out， but contamination is getting washed in” (答being contaminated或 contamination比较保险)
4. they are porous porous 的意思是多孔的。见第八段 “。。。 which can allow water — and contaminants in the form of contemporary DNA — to permeate into the porous bones.”
5. human evolution 见第十五段。其中“shed light on sth”的意思是使某事显得非常清楚，使人了解某事。
6. 4 分别为第四段的“an extinct cattle species， called an aurochs”，即欧洲野牛，已经绝迹;第十一段 “Neanderthal”， 是人类学用语，尼安德特人，旧石器时代的古人类;第十四段“woolly mammoth”和“cave bear”，其中mammoth是猛犸，一种古哺乳动物。
7. T 见第二段。
8. T 见第四段 “Geigl and her colleagues looked at 3，200-year- old fossil bones belonging to a single individual of an extinct cattle species， called an aurochs.” 即他们研究的骨化石是一头欧洲野牛身上的。
9. NG
10. F 见第十二段第一、二句话。
11. T 见第十二段末句 “But P bo is keen to see samples of fossils from every major find preserved in line with Geigl’s recommendations — just in case.” 意即为保险起见，Paabo还是非常希望见到用Geigl建议的方法保存的化石样本。“just in case” 的意思是以防万一，就是Paabo对用传统保存处理的化石不放心的意思。
12. A 见第三段。This information就是前一句中 “。。。 just how important conservation practices can be” (to preserve good DNA)。“be hammered”之中hammer一词的意思是不断重复强调。
13. D 面信息。需要理解文章各处关于Geigl和她的同事所作的研究
篇2：雅思阅读遇到不认识生词怎么办
雅思阅读遇生词很常见，考生很有可能就会在生词陷阱上丢分，下面我们为大家讲解雅思阅读四种猜词方法。
雅思阅读遇到不认识生词 推荐这些猜词方法!
一、同义词猜词
很多时候，单词的意思我们可以通过找到其意思相同或者类似的单词来进行解释。
常见标志词：like, the same as, similar to, means, refer to, that is to say, namely equal to...
Just like his taciturn father, Jon rarely says anything at family gatherings.
我们这里可以看出“taciturn”的词义和“rarely says anything”类似。我们可能对“rarely”这个单词不太熟悉或者不是很肯定其意思，但是我们仔细一看发现“rarely says anything”, “anything”出卖了“rarely”这个单词。“只阅读，不理解”，我们虽然不知道“rarely”的具体意思，但是我们知道，一般来说，anything用在表示否定的句子中，所以“rarely says anything”, 很有可能指的是“很少说话”，所以“taciturn’”的意思是“沉默寡言，话少的”。
PS:平常经常提到的“rare species”, 意思是指“珍稀物种”，所以rare这个单词指的是“稀少的、稀有的”。比如资源变得稀少，我们可以写成“the natural resources are increasingly becoming rare.”
二、标点符号猜词
某些表示解释性质的标点符号也可以作为猜词的一个关键点。
常见标点符号：-- :
George is a scrooge: he thinks only of money and will not spend a penny on anything he can get free.
我们根据解释型的标点符号—冒号后面的内容来大致猜测“scrooge”的词义。“他想到的只有钱，只要能够免费获得，就绝不多花一个子儿!”这种人除了“吝啬鬼、守财奴”还有谁!不过，大家如果看过狄更斯的A Christmas Carol(《圣诞赞歌》)这本书，应该知道其中的主人公的名字就是“Scrooge”, 他每天最大的乐趣就是关起房门，点上蜡烛，把他多年积攒的金币一个个地数，数完了重新再数。他没有朋友，不要亲人，只要金钱，是一个不折不扣的守财奴啊!不过也得佩服这位英国的文学大师，起的名字倒是贴切至极!
三、同位语猜词
同位语在语法上，一般是插入到句子中间，解释或者补充句子的某个部分。
常见形式：…, …, …或者其他形式的插入语，如(), … --- … --- …
Ethics--the standard of deeds and moral codes accepted by the society--has a powerful effect on modem business communication.
我们可以根据插入语，同位语大致地猜测出，“ethics”指的是“行为准则和道德标准”。其实在很多行业中经常会碰到这个单词，比如“business ethics”指的就是“商业道德”的意思。
四、反义词猜词
如果发现上下文中有反义词，那么通常可以迅速得到生词的词义。
常见标志词：unlike, as opposed to, in contrast, however ; but, while, yet, although, even if, not... But… , different from, unfortunately, ...
During the concert the audience was quiet, but after it ended the crowd became boisterous.
在音乐会期间，观众非常安静;但是结束以后，就变得“boisterous”(喧闹)。
雅思考试阅读模拟试题精选
1. Washing， brushing and varnishing fossils — all standard conservation treatments used by many fossil hunters and museum curators alike — vastly reduces the chances of recovering ancient DNA.
2. Instead， excavators should be handling at least some of their bounty with gloves， and freezing samples as they are found， dirt and all， concludes a paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences today.
3. Although many palaeontologists know anecdotally that this is the best way to up the odds of extracting good DNA， Eva-Maria Geigl of the Jacques Monod Institute in Paris， France， and her colleagues have now shown just how important conservation practices can be. This information， they say， needs to be hammered home among the people who are actually out in the field digging up bones.
4. Geigl and her colleagues looked at 3，200-year-old fossil bones belonging to a single individual of an extinct cattle species， called an aurochs. The fossils were dug up at a site in France at two different times — either in 1947， and stored in a museum collection， or in 2004， and conserved in sterile conditions at -20 oC.
5. The team's attempts to extract DNA from the 1947 bones all failed. The newly excavated fossils， however， all yielded DNA.
6. Because the bones had been buried for the same amount of time， and in the same conditions， the conservation method had to be to blame says Geigl. “As much DNA was degraded in these 57 years as in the 3，200 years before，” she says.Wash in， wash out
7. Because many palaeontologists base their work on the shape of fossils alone， their methods of conservation are not designed to preserve DNA， Geigl explains.
8. The biggest problem is how they are cleaned. Fossils are often washed together on-site in a large bath， which can allow water — and contaminants in the form of contemporary DNA — to permeate into the porous bones. “Not only is the authentic DNA getting washed out， but contamination is getting washed in，” says Geigl.
9. Most ancient DNA specialists know this already， says Hendrik Poinar， an evolutionary geneticist at McMaster University in Ontario， Canada. But that doesn't mean that best practice has become widespread among those who actually find the fossils.
10. Getting hold of fossils that have been preserved with their DNA in mind relies on close relationships between lab-based geneticists and the excavators， says palaeogeneticist Svante P??bo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig， Germany. And that only occurs in exceptional cases， he says.
11. P??bo's team， which has been sequencing Neanderthal DNA， continually faces these problems. “When you want to study ancient human and Neanderthal remains， there's a big issue of contamination with contemporary human DNA，” he says.
12. This doesn't mean that all museum specimens are fatally flawed， notes P??bo. The Neanderthal fossils that were recently sequenced in his own lab， for example， had been part of a museum collection treated in the traditional way. But P??bo is keen to see samples of fossils from every major find preserved in line with Geigl's recommendations — just in case. Warm and wet
14. Much human cultural development took place in temperate regions. DNA does not survive well in warm environments in the first place， and can vanish when fossils are washed and treated. For this reason， Geigl says， most ancient DNA studies have been done on permafrost samples， such as the woolly mammoth， or on remains sheltered from the elements in cold caves — including cave bear and Neanderthal fossils.
15. Better conservation methods， and a focus on fresh fossils， could boost DNA extraction from more delicate specimens， says Geigl. And that could shed more light on the story of human evolution.(640 words nature )
Glossary Palaeontologists 古生物学家Aurochs 欧洲野牛Neanderthal (人类学)尼安德特人，旧石器时代的古人类。
雅思考试阅读模拟试题精选
Permafrost (地理)永冻层
- Questions 1-6 Answer the following questions by using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
1. How did people traditionally treat fossils?
2. What suggestions do Geigl and her colleagues give on what should be done when fossils are found?
3. What problems may be posed if fossil bones are washed on-site? Name ONE. 4. What characteristic do fossil bones have to make them susceptible to be contaminated with contemporary DNA when they are washed?
5. What could be better understood when conservation treatments are improved?
6. The passage mentioned several animal species studied by researchers. How many of them are mentioned?
Questions 7-11 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please write TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer FALSE if the statement does not agree with the writer NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage
7. In their paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ， Geigl and her colleagues have shown what conservation practices should be followed to preserve ancient DNA.
8. The fossil bones that Geigl and her colleagues studied are all from the same aurochs.
9. Geneticists don‘t have to work on site.
10. Only newly excavated fossil bones using new conservation methods suggested by Geigl and her colleagues contain ancient DNA.
11. Paabo is still worried about the potential problems caused by treatments of fossils in traditional way.
Questions 12-13 Complete the following the statements by choosing letter A-D for each answer. 12. “This information” in paragraph 3 indicates：
[A] It is critical to follow proper practices in preserving ancient DNA.
[B] The best way of getting good DNA is to handle fossils with gloves.
[C] Fossil hunters should wear home-made hammers while digging up bones.
[D] Many palaeontologists know how one should do in treating fossils.
13. The study conducted by Geigl and her colleagues suggests：
[A] the fact that ancient DNA can not be recovered from fossil bones excavated in the past.
[B] the correlation between the amount of burying time and that of the recovered DNA.
[C] the pace at which DNA degrades.
[D] the correlation between conservation practices and degradation of DNA.
1. washing， brushing， varnishing 见第一段。
2. handling with gloves / freezing samples ( any one of the two ) 见第二段。
3. losing authentic DNA / being contaminated / contamination ( any one of the three) 见第八段“Not only is the authentic DNA getting washed out， but contamination is getting washed in”(答being contaminated或 contamination比较保险)
4. they are porous porous 的意思是多孔的。见第八段“…… which can allow water — and contaminants in the form of contemporary DNA — to permeate into the porous bones.”
5. human evolution 见第十五段。其中“shed light on sth”的意思是使某事显得非常清楚，使人了解某事。
6. 4 分别为第四段的“an extinct cattle species， called an aurochs”，即欧洲野牛，已经绝迹;第十一段“Neanderthal”， 是人类学用语，尼安德特人，旧石器时代的古人类;第十四段“woolly mammoth”和“cave bear”，其中mammoth是猛犸，一种古哺乳动物。
7. T 见第二段。
8. T 见第四段“Geigl and her colleagues looked at 3，200-year-old fossil bones belonging to a single individual of an extinct cattle species， called an aurochs.”即他们研究的骨化石是一头欧洲野牛身上的。
9. NG
10. F 见第十二段第一、二句话。
11. T 见第十二段末句“But P??bo is keen to see samples of fossils from every major find preserved in line with Geigl's recommendations — just in case.”意即为保险起见，Paabo还是非常希望见到用Geigl建议的方法保存的化石样本。“just in case” 的意思是以防万一，就是Paabo对用传统保存处理的化石不放心的意思。
12. A 见第三段。This information就是前一句中“…… just how important conservation practices can be”(to preserve good DNA)。“be hammered”之中hammer一词的意思是不断重复强调。
13. D 面信息。需要理解文章各处关于Geigl和她的同事所作的研究
雅思阅读遇到不认识生词怎么办
篇3：雅思阅读时碰到生词怎么办
面对阅读中的生词，我们一定要查字典么?
通过词的前后缀 (前缀表意，后缀表词性)
E.g：Internet—net是“网”，inter-是有互通，互联的意思，所以Internet是“互联网”;
那么national“国家的”变成international就是“国际的”;
City“城市”变成“inter-city”就是“城际的”。
通过符号来看意思--冒号，括号和破折号表解释说明
E.g：Video recordings avoid these problems to a large extent, but even they have limitations (the camera cannot be everywhere), and …(C4T3P3)
这句话中学生若不明白limitation的含义，完全可以通过括号里面的意思猜到limitation是贬义词，就是不好的，对于理解不理解的到是“限制”的意思对做题没有影响，题目照样能做对。
Typically, children do not end up on the streets due to a single cause, but to a combination of factors: a dearth of adequately funded schools, the demand for income at home, family breakdown and violence.(C4T3P1)
冒号后面即为解释说明什么是a combination of factors，或者简单来说就是有哪些factors，因题目问的是孩子们为什么会沦落街头，那在冒号后面就是作为答题的重要依据了。
Chimpanzees have a “play-face”—a gaping expression accompanied by a panting “ah,ah” noise.(C5T2P2)
破折号在这里解释说明了什么是play-face，简单解释也就是一种expression，那么如果学生能够定位准确，不能理解什么是play-face，对答案的判断也没有任何影响。
特别注意：很多学生分不清连词符和破折号。连词符是短的，并且和单词之间没有空格;儿破折号是长的，且和前后单词有空格。
其实符号在雅思阅读中用来表解释说明的现象非常普遍，只是很多学生在做题的时候并没有意识到出题人的这个考察点，因为非常的细微，一般语法能力还不错的学生其实在不经意间已经用了上述猜单词方法，只是自己没有意识到而已。所以对于基础薄弱的学生，要重点提出，加以总结，让其能够在阅读中应用。
同位语、插入语表解释说明
E.g：Graeme Ritchie, a computational linguist in Edinburgh, studies the linguistic structure of jokes in order to understand not only humor but language understanding and reasoning in machines. (C5T2P2)
本句提到Graeme Ritchie这个人，这个人是谁呢，后面解释说他是a computational linguist in Edinburgh，结合我们所说第一点，不认识computational，但computer应该知道，-al结尾形容词，linguist以-ist结尾，表“...人/家”，后面一个in+大写，猜也知道是地名，所以大概能猜到这个人是电脑方面的一个什么专家。如果能判断到这一点，对后面的判断18题会很有帮助。
特别注意：同位语注意是位置的“位”，也就是说和被解释词在句中的位置是相同的，这类用法多见于解释专有名词(比如人名，地名)，这对于做配对题和一些细节判断题很有帮助;其次要注意的是有时候插入语两边的逗号也会变成两个破折号，其用意相同，完全可以当做两个逗号看待。
表“包含、包括、举例”的
E.g：World science is dominated today by a small number of languages, including Japanese, German and French…(C5T2P3)
这个例子比较简单，但是如果真的不认识languages，完全可以通过Japanese, German and French来猜测其意思，一定是上一级词汇，所以意思是“语言”。也就是说看到include，involve，contain，for example，for instance，such as等表“包含、例如”的词时候，若能认识这些词后面一到两个词的意思，会帮助猜测这些词之前的单词意思，一定是这一到两个词的上义词。
定语从句
E.g：And they are known to have used wooded pulleys, which could have been made strong enough to bear the weight of massive blocks of stone.(C7T4P1)
His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who encouraged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution. (C9T1P1)
定语从句本身是修饰作用，但这种句子的修饰其实是在帮助我们理解一个复杂词汇，把不懂得具象化。比如第一句的wooden pulleys不知道，后面大致能明白说是它可以承受巨大重量，那只要理解这个wooden pulleys是个可以承重的东西即可;同理，第二个句子不仅有定语从句，还用到了方法3，Thomas Hall是谁，是his teacher，他怎么了，他鼓励他学生去参加Michael Faraday的课，进一步解释说明了Thomas Hall的身份。
知道一些单词的熟词僻义--通过语境判断意思
这个方法是给英语词汇还不错的学生的，很多学生会有一个困扰是虽然背了很多单词，但好像还是不能看懂文章，这里并不是本文讲解重点，所以不在此赘述，但是其中一个原因就是本来认识的单词却换了意思。
比如在实验类文章中，study不是“学习”的意思，而是“研究”的意思;subject不是“课程、科目”，而是“实验对象”;solution不是“解决办法”，而是“溶液”，比如在C9T1P1中提到purple solution，不可能是“紫色解决办法”吧，所以这里应该明白其有另一个意思。
再比如在天文类文章中orbit是轨迹，但是其还有一个意思是“眼眶”(曾在C5T2P2考过);
还有，pupil是“学生”，但还有一个意思是“瞳孔”。
所以这也是平时在做题中需要总结归纳的要点，要引起重视。
雅思阅读中想要考到7分请别忽略这些词
说起雅思阅读，很多“烤鸭”的一致感受就是：做!不!完!先抛开海量生词、解题技巧不熟练和定位出错，很多“烤鸭”认为“只有读完全文才能做完题”。
然而，并不是!
学习过英语论文写作或者常读外刊的同学应该知道，英语文章写作忌讳重复。为了避免重复，就会使用大量的指代，也就是我们从一开始学习英语就会接触到的“代词”。
说起代词，大家肯定都能想到人称代词、指示代词、物主代词、不定代词等等。大家肯定都知道概念，但是放在雅思阅读文章中，还会用吗?唐翀老师在天津环球教育教课过程中，经常会给学生们强调一些功能性词汇的重要性，今天我们就来说说指代关系在我们雅思阅读考试中如何为我们所用。
Skimming(即略读)，如果你掌握了Skimming的技巧，那么你能少读不少的篇幅。我们首先就来看一下指代在Skimming上的用法。我用C6T2P2的句子结尾匹配题举个栗子。
Q23 Home medical aids
Q24 Regular amounts of exercise
Q25 Feelings of control over life
Q26 Feelings of loneliness
对应原文：Paragraph 8
The increasing self-reliance of many elderly people is probably linked to a massive increase in the use of simple home medical aids. For instance, the use of raised toilet seats has more than doubled since the start of the study, and the use of bath seats has grown by more than 50%. These developments also bring some health benefits, according to a report from the MacArthur Foundation's research group on successful ageing. The group found that those elderly people who were able to retain a sense of independence were more likely to stay healthy in old age.
我们审题后，能将Q23定位在原文第8段，并且通过第一句话的self-reliance, is probably linked to锁定答案G。但是这一段后面还有三句话是否要读?Q24是否也会在这段出题?我们来分析一下：
第二句话以For instance开头，我们知道For instance/ example这种表达，前一句话为theory部分，后面是具体case，所以此段第二句话仍为第一句话做案例阐述。
第三句话以These开头，很明显，还是指代上文，所以跳过不用读。最后一句话主语为The group，定冠词the指代的肯定是上文已经出现过的某group，并且这句话也出现了第一句中self-reliance的同义替换independence，由此我们可以判断，这篇文章的句子结尾匹配题极有可能为一道题对应原文一段的内容。
当然，雅思真题中在代词上出题的不在少数，C9T4P1就是非常典型的一篇文章。我们来看看这篇文章的一道判断题：
Q3 Marie was able to attend the Sorbonne because of her sister's financial contribution.
原文：
Paragraph 2 … From her earnings she was able to finance her sister Bronia's medical studies in Paris, on the understanding that Bronia would, in turn, later help her to get an education.
Paragraph 3 In 1891 this promise was fulfilled and Marie went to Paris and began to study at the Sorbonne (the University of Paris).
通过题干中的Sorbonne很容易就定位在了原文第三段，读来读去发现没有出现her sister's financial contribution，于是很多同学就放心的写下了NOT GIVEN。为何没有出现题目关键词?因为出现了this这个单词。需要我们回到第二段寻找this指代的内容，即Bronia would, in turn, later help her to get an education。
再举个栗子，C9T4P2中的人名理论匹配题。
Q21 A child's awareness of self is related to a sense of mastery over things and people.
原文：Paragraph B
Cooley (1902) suggested that a sense of the self-as-subject was primarily concerned with being able to exercise power. He proposed that the earliest examples of this are an infant's attempts to control physical objects, such as toys or his or her own limbs. This is followed by attempts to affect the behaviour of other people.
做完这道题需要读完原文对应的三句话内容，但我见过学生有只读一句话或两句话就做题的，然后说：老师，这个人没有对应的理论…
我们来看一下。
第一句话出现人名Cooley，这肯定得读，画出这句的关键词self-as-subject，exercise power，发现题干中没有对应内容。第二句话以he开头，肯定指代上一句的Cooley了，他在这句的主要观点是婴儿会尝试控制物品(当然，不认识physical objects的同学可以通过后面的such as推测出含义)。
题干中没有单独的一道题是说小孩自我意识的形成与控制物品有关系，到这里，很多同学就慌了：难道这个人与做题无关?一定要注意，后一句话还有一个this指代呢，读完了就能发现一个并列关系physical objects and other people，从而锁定Q21。
希望这几个简单的例子能提醒各位烤鸭，做题不要慌，先弄清指代内容，再决定是略读还是一定读!
提高雅思阅读成绩要怎么做
通常来说，如果考生的雅思阅读可以拿到高分，那么考生其他部分的成绩也不会太惨。要想提高考生的雅思阅读成绩，我们要如何做呢?一起看看新东方小编给大家整理的内容吧。
首先，是如何提高自己英语阅读的基本能力。而这样的能力又主要分为两个层次：词汇的掌握和读句子的能力。阅读基本能力的提升，需要至少2个月的时间，通过给学生专业化的方案指导，将课堂上的学习和课堂后的复习相结合，让其在一个合理的时间规划期内去提升自己的基础能力，达到一个最佳的效果。这也是对于我们老师在教学中要求一直秉持的原则，忌急于求成，囫囵吞枣。
那么怎么去做基础能力提升呢?对于大部分学生而言，词汇的把握是核心。第一、同学们必须去把握阅读部分的高频词，这些词汇是所有同学都必须认真记忆的，按照我们最新的权威数据统计，大概在1000个单词左右，我们也为所有的学员将这些单词做成了独有的单词库，帮助大家以最高效的方式掌握必考词汇;第二、同学们需要掌握好一些近义词或同义词词组，雅思的阅读部分考查就是看同学们对同义词替换的一个把握，这些词组的掌握是同学们获得高分的基础。
我们同样为同学们对这些词组进行了总结和研究。在我们课堂上，我们授课老师会定期抽查同学们对于这2个词汇库的掌握，督促同学们做好词汇的记忆工作。未参加培训的同学不妨可以效仿这样的模式，给自己一些压力和期限，认真做好最基本词汇与词组的积累。
解决雅思阅读的第二方面，就是要掌握好雅思阅读部分解题的关键性技巧。雅思阅读部分共有3篇文章，每篇1000词左右，有40道题目要回答，时间是一小时。如果没有对考试题型有透彻理解，那么很难在这么紧张的时间里去做好题目。因此一定要按照不同考题的特点和对应的能力要求，有的放矢的去准备以及应对。笔者在日常的教学中会指导同学们把握不同题目的做题方法和技巧，一方面要让他们知道为什么要这样去思考，去做题，另一方面告诉他们怎么去灵活变通的去使用技巧。
只有把方法以及如何灵活运用这些方法讲透，学生们才能真正地掌握好、正确使用、自信满满地考取高分。我的小部分学生曾和我透露过这样的困惑，在参加过一些培训之后，考试不理想，但是明明上课的时候听得很爽，只是到考场上做题却犯难。
其实，那正是因为题目的解题技巧没讲透，没讲清楚应该怎么灵活的运用，培训老师没有从考生的角度去思考。我们的模考体系就是考虑到这一点建立健全起来的，通过阶段性测试检验学生有没有真正地听懂，老师有没有认真负责地讲清楚。模考也不断让同学们看到自己阶段性学习成果，从而更有动力。
雅思阅读得分注意这四大习惯
习惯1、从阅读习惯上讲，单纯以学习英语为目的的阅读和以获取信息为目的的阅读存在很大差异。
前者是一个语言知识积累的过程，后者是以语言知识和能力为工具达到获取有用信息的过程。雅思阅读强调把握信息的能力，所以要培养上述第二种习惯。很多同学在参加雅思考试之前，都只是把英语当成一个学习的对象，而未能上升到把英语作为工具来使用的阶段。所以，在阅读过程中，往往陷入逐字逐句的意思理解和语法分析，依然持学英语的习惯。没有去识别信息的主观意图，当然谈不上习惯不习惯，更谈不上把握信息的能力。
习惯2、养成习惯的，首先要确立以把握信息为目的的主观意图。
刚开始时不要怕慢，不是去完整地理解句子的意思，而是刻意的猜测句子在段落中的功能。以下面一段文字为例： (1) Care needs to be taken with religious items. (2) There have been anumber of incidents over the years involving foreigners that have drawn a strongreaction from an offended government and people - for example， the family oftourists who foolishly clambered all over a revered Buddha statue. (3) Whenbuying an object， it is important to distinguish between the object's aestheitcappeal and its religious significance. (4) Representations of the Buddha， forexample， must be placed at ....
句(1)当中的needs to be taken 表示“需要、应该”，显然是作者的态度和观点，当表示态度或观点的句子出现在段首，通常是topicsentence ， 信息。小编还是要提醒大家注意总结雅思阅读资料，多了解一些雅思阅读得分技巧。
句(2)There be 句型表事实，事实跟在观点后，毫无疑问是充当论据的角色。句子中的核心名词 incidents是复数，表示这个句子对下文具有结构性功能，下文会论据进行细节性列举。
句(3)it is important to do 表示作者对某个事情的认知和判断，出现在两个 for example中间，是一个细分的判断。
句(4)中的for example，表明它是个细节性的论据。
对信息的识别，往往不需要理解太多的词汇的意思可以做到。
习惯3、习惯的养成需要一个过程，这个过程时间上可以缩短。
可以找一些段落刻意的去分析，开始时会很慢，甚至比你搞清全部的细节意思还要慢。但是，经过一段时间的操练，会收到意想不到的效果。
习惯4、下面给大家一信息的线索：
a. 判断句在段首、b. 强调句在段尾、c. 祈使句在段首、d. “But， However， 等转折词后的句子、e. “forexample”前的句子、f. 问号后的句子、g. 表观点的句子永远比表事实的句子重要、h. 段落以细节信息开头，看段落的一句话。等等。
篇4：雅思阅读文章看不懂怎么办
雅思阅读文章看不懂怎么办
文：Day length is an excellent cue, because it provides a perfectly predictable pattern of change within the year. In the temperate zone in spring, temperatures fluctuate greatly from day to day, but day length increases steadily by a predictable amount.
题：Day length is a useful cue for breeding in areas where___ are unpredictable.
解析：
1. 首先划题中定位词
定位词分为 显性定位 和 隐性定位。
显性定位：指专有名词，如人称，地名，数字，术语词等比较明显的能在文中找到定位的。
隐性定位------通常划名词n
我们这题中没有显性定位，所以就划隐性定位名词：day length, cue, area.
2. 确定雅思阅读空格填的词性词形：空格是做主语，所以应该是n词，空格后面是are，所以应是n词复数形式
3. 到文中定位，day length和cue在文中以原词出现，areas-----zone相对应，所以确定题目就在这句话当中，
4. 确定空格答案。在文中这句话里找一个名词复数，然后能够锁定temperatures，唯一的一个复数名词。所以答案就是temperatures。
PS：看不懂单词意思仍然能把题做出来。如果能认识单词的话可以验证答案是不是正确的，这时候就得知道unpredictable(不可预测)和fluctuate greatly(波动很大)是同义替换的。
文：There is a wide range of photosynthetic responses of plants to variations in light intensity. Some plants reach maximal photosynthesis at one-quarter full sunlight, and others, like sugarcane, never reach a maximum
题：There is no limit to the photosynthetic rate in plants such as___
解析：
1. 雅思阅读题目中定位词：否定no，术语词photosynthetic rate，空格前表示举例such as
2. 雅思阅读确定空格填的词性词形：名词，在文中表示举例的词后面
3. 到文中定位：photosynthetic----photosynthetic对应，no----never对应，such as---like对应，4. 确定答案：答案在举例的后面，那就是sugarcane。
PS：
(1)否定词需要划，题中出现否定原文通常会有相对应的否定。
(2)题中出现举例原文通常也会有举例的对应。而表示举例的词汇：such as, like, for example, for instance. 到原文中找到同义替换就能找到答案。
以上的两个题目都是剑桥C5T4P3中的完成句子题，同学们可以具体去做做那七个填空题，范围广是全篇范围，生词相对也多，但是不理解按照上面叙述的定位、词性、词形以及简单的同义替换方法也是能够把题目做出来的。
雅思阅读中如何定位到答案相关的段落
能不能定位到段落，很大一部分程度在于，能不能清楚的记住段落的大概内容，以及在说什么样的主旨关系。
很多同学读完以后，脑子会一片空白;有很多同学读完一个段落之后，会回想起段落的逻辑关系。其实，两者之间并不是记忆力的区别，而是那些更聪明、或是说更有效率的同学，找到了段落之间的逻辑关系，能够很清楚的记录下它到底再说什么东西。
比如在说一些很拗口的绕口令的时候，比如“扁担宽板凳长”，我们能够很清楚的想起来它到底在说什么，因为我们知道它的一个关系就是这样子，而且它有本身的韵律在，我们把这个韵律，以及它的逻辑关系赋予上去之后，能很清楚的记录下它到底在说什么。
其实英文的雅思阅读段落也是一样，当理顺这种逻辑关系之后，比如说转折、递进、对比、并列以及总分总，就能清楚地回想起它的内容。
请大家之后在阅读文章的时候，尝试把段落的关系理顺、理清楚，那么你对记忆的这个段落，也就不会存在太大的问题了。
雅思阅读判断题不会做怎么办
1.题目看不懂
如果说雅思是一条长路，那么基础词汇量就是路上的基石，有时候在是非无题中的生僻单词或不常见的统一替换会导致烤鸭们理解困难而造成失分，例子看这里：
剑4 Test4 Passage2，18题
Archaeology is a more demanding field of study than anthropology.
让你判断是非无，那么我们很容易发现定位词是Archaeology和 anthropology，考点词为demanding，在这句话中，demanding表示的是更费精力的，更耗时的，如果不知道这个含义，可能就对解题有一些干扰。
我们找到原文为文章第四段后一句：
anthropology is thus a broad discipline - so broad that it is generally broken down into three smaller discipline; physical anthropology， cultural anthropology and archaeology.
如果烤鸭们将demanding理解成广大，则很容易选择错误答案true，但是因为demanding是费事费力的意思，而原文并没有对工作难度的比较，所以应该是not given.
2.题目定位词判断难
当题目很长且从句复杂的话，那么因为句子结构的问题，烤鸭们可能会找错定位词，从而引起判断错误，我们来看例子：
剑4 Test1 Passage1 ， 5题
The study involved asking children a number of yes/ no questions such as Are there any rainforests in Africa?
这句话虽然并不算长，但是有一个超级的干扰词组就是 Are there any rainforests in Africa?因为烤鸭们往往一看到大写词组就觉得热血沸腾，实际上还是要看句子的核心意思，这句话实际问的是研究重点包含什么，所以定位词应该是the study，
原文如下：
the study surveys...secondary school students were asked to complete a questionnaire containing five open-form questions
答案应该是False，烤鸭们一要关注句子的核心含义，二可以试试看多定位词，来帮助自己理解。
3.文中定位词找不到
这种情况其实环球君以前和大家分析过，就是定位词在文中发生了改变，
1)可能是在文中的顺序发生了改变
2)定位词被进行了分解和解释，同义替换干扰较大，难以发现
这里我们直接看例子：
剑8 Test1 Passage2 24题
class F airspace is airspace which is below 365m and not near airports.
定位词为
class F airspace，
below 365m，
not near airports
class F在文中的G段出现了，但是如果想要顺利完成这题，我们还要看到E段中的In general,from 365m above the ground and higher,the entire country is blanketed by controlled airspace ...， controlled airspace extends ...in the immediate vicinity of an airport...
所以我们可以发现答案应该为true
4.对应句子看不懂
这种情况是大部分烤鸭常见的问题之一，那就是——文中的长句究竟说的是什么意思!小编也觉得心累……所以我们还是来看例子：
剑4 Test 1 Passage 1， 4题
The fact that children's ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them.
这道题的定位词为
children’s ideas about science and framework
回到文章第二段，第三行，我们看见：
...but organized， conceptual framework， making it and the component ideas， ...more robust but also accessible to modification
这句话中的more修饰了两个形容词：robust and accessible to modification,不少烤鸭回忽略隐含的比较级选择not given , 实际答案应该为true.
雅思阅读材料大集合：最适合春天吃的美食
New research suggests some foods have the power to guard skin from the damage caused by the sun's UV radiation. While a salad is no substitute for sunblock, these healthy foods could add inner protection against sunburn and wrinkles at the cellular level.
新的研究发现表明某些食物可以帮助肌肤免受阳光紫外线的侵害。但是，一盘沙拉并不能代替防晒霜，这些健康食物可以加强身体内在机能，保护皮肤不受侵害并延缓细胞衰老。
Citrus Fruits 柑橘类水果
Citrus fruits have the potent ingredient limonene, associated with a whopping 34 percent lower risk of skin cancer in one University of Arizona study of 470 women and men.
柑橘类水果含有丰富的柠檬烯。亚利桑那大学对470位女性和男性进行的研究表明，柠檬烯可以将患皮肤癌的风险降低34%
Green tea 绿茶
This delicately flavored tea is full of antioxidants called EGCGs. Among their health-promoting capabilities: EGCGs stopped genetic damage in human skin cells exposed to UV light in one University of Wisconsin study.
绿茶所含有的抗氧化剂叫做茶多酚。威斯康星大学的研究表明茶多酚可以使暴露在紫外线下的肌肤免受基因损害。
Carrots 胡萝卜
Carrots—or any other red, yellow, and orange fruits and vegetables—are packed with carotenoids, and studies show they reduce sunburn intensity.
胡萝卜或者任何红色，黄色及橙色水果和蔬菜都富含类胡萝卜素，研究表明这些果蔬可以降低日晒强度。
Red Peppers 红椒
Like carrots, red peppers are also especially helpful in reducing sunburn intensity.
和红萝卜一样，红椒在降低日晒强度方面有显著效果。
Spinach 菠菜
Leafy greens, like dark green lettuce, spinach, kale, and Swiss chard, are top sources of the antioxidants lutein and zeaxanthin, which halted cell growth prompted by UV light in animal studies.绿叶蔬菜，如绿色莴苣，菠菜，甘蓝菜和唐莴苣均含有非常丰富的抗氧化剂叶黄素和玉米黄素，这些抗氧化剂可以阻止紫外线引起的细胞生长。
Salmon 三文鱼
This fish is a great source of oils rich in omega-3 fatty acids. In a small British study, fish oils guarded against sunburn and DNA changes that can lead to cancer.
三文鱼的鱼油富含丰富的脂肪酸。研究表明鱼油可以预防易引发癌症的晒黑晒伤和DNA改变。
Walnuts 核桃
Like salmon, walnuts are high in essential fatty acids that could guard against sunburn.
和三文鱼一样，核桃也富含有丰富的人体必需脂肪酸，而这类脂肪酸可以抵御晒伤晒黑。
篇5：雅思阅读遇到生词你该这么办
莫慌!雅思阅读遇到生词你该这么办
为了更好地表达文章的主旨，揭示所要诠释的思想，作者常常在文章中对一些比较重要的词汇vocabulary、概念concept和难懂的术语terminology等做出一些解释，这种解释称作针对性解释，它可以提供明确的信息，可以利用这些针对性解释来猜测词义。
雅思阅读猜词之根据定义
如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
例如：1.Anthropology is the scientific study of man。由定义可知，anthropology(人类学)就是“研究人类的科学”。
2.In slang the term ”jam“ constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation。
同样，从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。
定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。
雅思阅读猜词之根据复述
虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以是单词、短语或是从句。
例如：1.Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently。
此处注意同位语，逗号间短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semanties是同位关系，因此我们不难猜出semantics指“语义学”。
在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号，和括号等。
2.Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits。
由同位语我们很快猜出生词capacitance词义---电容量。
需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say i. e. 等副词或短语出现。
3.定语从句Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder, a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings。
根据生词SAD后面定语从句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位语a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我们可以推断出 SAD含义，即“季节性情绪紊乱症”。
雅思阅读猜词之根据举例
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。
例如：1.The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past。
句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例，通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的大致词义“重要的”，这与其确切含义“划时代的”十分接近。
雅思阅读中所出的文章范围广，领域涉及多面，因此，要考生完全读懂文章是不可能的。这就需要考生们要具有根据上下文或者关键词来猜测词义与长难句的能力。小“烤鸭”们，不要再害怕因读不懂文章而阅读低分了，只要掌握方法并且加强训练，相信每一位同学都可以在雅思阅读考试中获得好成绩!
雅思阅读素材积累： Runaway Devils Lake
Devils Lake is where I began my career as a limnologist in 1964, studying
the lake's neotenic salamanders and chironomids, or midge flies. Back then, the
lake covered about 80 square kilometers, had a maximum depth of about 3 meters
and held about 130,000 acre-feet of water. The lake has since risen 13 meters,
from a surface elevation of 430 meters above mean sea level to 443 meters.
Estimated lake volume is now 4.1 million acre-feet, or about 32 times greater
than it was in 1964, and about 370 times greater than it was in 1940 when the
lake stood at a record low elevation of 427 meters.
The Devils Lake Basin is an endorheic, or closed, basin covering about
9,800 square kilometers in northeastern North Dakota. The basin is at the
epicenter of an unprecedented wet period in the lake's modern-day history going
back to 1867, when the lake's surface elevation was first measured. Basin
climate has become substantially wetter since 1990, with the years 1990 through
ranking as the wettest 20-year period in more than a century. The National
Weather Service has referred to this trend as ”the new climate“ for the Devils
Lake region, cautiously predicting that the current weather pattern may continue
for several decades and possibly intensify. Indeed, the agency has warned that
the region faces the strong possibility of an ”unprecedented fourth consecutive
major spring flood threat in .“
Rising lake waters have flooded much of the region, engulfing hundreds of
homes and farmsteads, more than 650 square kilometers of productive farmland,
major highways and bridges, state parks, Native American tribal lands,
historical landmarks and more than half a million trees. Submerged too is the
North Dakota Biological Station, a two-story limnological facility established
in 1909 to study the lake's unusual ecology and biogeochemistry. Portions of
U.S. Highway 281 are now underwater, which has forced the relocation of this
principal north-south highway several kilometers to the west. Other roads and
highways are either extremely hazardous or simply impassable because of
encroaching floodwaters. Amtrak and the BNSF Railway may have to reroute their
trains over more southern lines as rising waters threaten to wash out roadbeds
and bridges. The small town of Minnewaukan, once located 13 kilometers west of
the lake, is now partly underwater, and many of its 300-plus residents have been
forced to abandon their homes. Only a handful of people remain in Churchs Ferry
and nearby Penn, communities established more than a century ago. The city of
Devils Lake, North Dakota's eleventh largest city with about 7,000 residents,
sits behind a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers levee that protects the community
from storm-generated waves that reportedly reach 2 meters or more in height.
Without the levee, 3 to 4 meters of water would now cover parts of the city. To
date, efforts by federal, state and local governments to control flooding and
protect communities exceed $1 billion, a cost that is rising as fatefully as
lake waters.
Ancient Lake Minnewaukan
Devils Lake owes its existence to a continental glacier that covered much
of North America during the Pleistocene Epoch. Carving a basin as it advanced
over the landscape, the glacier deposited excavated materials along its leading
edges, leaving terminal moraines marking the farthest extent of glacial ice
sheets. Near the end of the Pleistocene, roughly 11,000 years ago, the glacier
began its retreat. As the glacier withdrew, glacial meltwaters poured into the
basin, creating a vast proglacial lake dammed by morainal deposits. Native
Americans called this lake Minnewaukan, meaning, among other possible
interpretations, Bad Spirit Water. Recent flooding has perhaps given credence to
a legend told by those Native Americans, claiming that the lake once overflowed
and flooded the entire world.
Based on abandoned beaches, or strand lines, geologists estimate that the
ancestral lake reached a maximum surface elevation of between 444 and 445
meters. At that elevation, the lake covered about 1,050 square kilometers, held
about 5 million acre-feet of water and had a maximum depth of around 50 meters.
A natural outlet called Tolna Coulee, which allowed water to flow out of the
basin and prevented the lake from rising and expanding further, controlled the
maximum elevation. How often the lake has overflowed is uncertain, but
geologists believe it has happened at least twice over the past 4,000 years,
most recently around 2,000 years ago.
During the centuries that followed the lake's origin, climate shifts caused
water levels to fluctuate between 6 and 12 meters every few hundred years.
Sediment analyses by geologist Edward Callender, published in his 1968
University of North Dakota doctoral thesis, indicated that the lake might have
been completely dry 6,500 years ago. After the lake last rose to its maximum
elevation and began overflowing, water levels continued to fluctuate in response
to alternating dry and wet periods. A persistently dry climate 500 to 600 years
ago held levels at relatively low elevations for perhaps as long as 200 years.
Wetter conditions followed, raising the lake to levels that prevailed until the
late 1800s. Levels then began dropping precipitously, falling to the
lowest-recorded elevation by 1940 before rising again.
Whether Lake Minnewaukan was completely dry at times or not, periodic
drawdowns during dry conditions reduced its immense volume to numerous remnant
lakes scattered across the south-central region of the basin. Nonindigenous
people who settled the region beginning in the mid-1800s named the largest and
most prominent of these remnants ”Devils Lake,“ perhaps because of the lake's
highly saline, undrinkable water, or perhaps in tribute to Sioux warriors whose
canoes were often capsized in the lake's treacherous, storm-tossed waters.
In 1964, Devils Lake consisted of three principal basins called West Bay,
Main Bay and East Bay. West Bay then was essentially dry and Main Bay covered
about 53 square kilometers. The Rock Island State Military Reservation separated
East Bay—which covered about 27 square kilometers—from Main Bay. According to T.
E. B. Pope of the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, Main Bay and East Bay had become
isolated during the 1890s after lake levels dropped about 6 meters during the
previous 25 to 30 years. Besides Devils Lake, other major lakes nearby included
Pelican Lake to the west and, to the east, East Devils Lake, Swan Lake, West
Stump Lake and East Stump Lake, in that order.
Water Supply and Overflows
Devils Lake receives nearly all of its water from surface runoff and direct
precipitation. Most surface-water runoff originates from a chain of remnant
lakes located a few kilometers north of Devils Lake, although many of these
smaller lakes have now merged with Devils Lake as the water levels rise. (By
September , for example, Devils Lake and all of the lakes to the
east—including the two Stump lakes—had completely merged.) Total annual inflows
ranged from near zero during the drought-stricken 1930s to nearly 400,000
acre-feet in 1993. Inflows, averaging 65,500 acre-feet annually between 1950 and
1993, rose to 317,000 acre-feet annually between 1993 and , a fivefold
increase. The years 1993 to 1995 contributed 24 percent of all inflow to Devils
Lake between 1950 and 1995.
If Devils Lake rises approximately two additional meters and begins
overflowing, as scientists predict it will, lake waters will enter the Sheyenne
River. The Sheyenne, which originates 50 kilometers west of the river's juncture
with the Tolna Coulee outlet, meanders on an easterly course that lies about 15
kilometers south of the Devils Lake Basin. After turning south, the river is
impounded by a Corps of Engineers dam (Bald Hill Dam) located 20 kilometers
north of Valley City, a town of about 6,300 residents. The dam's narrow
reservoir (Lake Ashtabula) extends 43 kilometers upstream and contains about
71,000 acre-feet of water at full capacity. After passing through Valley City,
the river joins the Red River of the North near the city of Fargo. The Red River
flows northward before emptying into Canada's Lake Winnipeg.
Like climate predictions in general, predictions about when the current
lake will overflow are rife with uncertainty. For example, in a report published
in , the U.S. Geological Survey predicted that the probability of the lake
exceeding 443 meters between years 2008 and was only 10 percent, but the
lake reached that elevation in . Also predicted was a 50-percent probability
that the lake would not exceed an elevation of 442 meters between 2008 and 2040.
In fact, the lake had reached 442 meters by June 2009. Recent computer
simulations predict that the probability of the lake overflowing by 2030 is only
15 to 20 percent, even with planned man-made outlets in operation. That scenario
may prove to be far too optimistic, however, given that precipitation totals
during water year 2011 (October 1–September 30), which are forecast to continue,
raised the lake 0.7 meters.
篇6：雅思阅读总是看不懂如何提高
雅思阅读总是看不懂如何提高
【关于雅思阅读的单词】
作为一项语言能力考试，很多烤鸭刚刚接触到雅思越的时候，普遍的感受是： 不适应。
好多背过的单词意思在句子里面行不通， 那么雅思阅读的词汇的“ 庐山真面目”体现在什么地方呢
一、要有词性之间的转折意识
例1：
In recent months these questions have become more frequent as former and current ministers, governors,high officials and an American investorhave ended up in Moscow’s high-security
Lefortovo jail
例2：
Disney’s dominance of the box office will count for less as fewer people frequent cinemas
在例1 中很容易读出来 frequent 就是adj 频繁的;经常的;
但是在例2 中frequent 摇身一变，成了动词， “ 经常观光”的意思。
二、要有积累熟词僻义的意识
例1：
Why and how these people spread out into central and southern Africa remains a mystery, but archaeologists believe that their iron weapons allowed them to conquer their hunting-gathering opponents, who still used stone implements.
在本例中，词汇量稍微大一点的烤鸭，就背过implement v 贯彻;执行; 但是带入句子中意思并不能理解。
那这个情况下就要有主动学习的意识， 根据句子本身，发现implement 在这里做名词用， 查一下便可发现：
implement : a tool, especially one used for outdoor physical work. 尤指用于户外体力活的〕工具，用具，器具 。
所以如果在平时练习或者考试中遇到agricultural implements 这个表达，便可以心领神会的读出来，这是“农业工具”的意思。
例2：
Apprentices were considered part of the family, and masters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them some education and for supervising their moral behavior
在本例中，烤鸭读到a trade 的时候，便可发现， trade 在这里必然不是 n. 贸易的意思， 根据上面所谈的主动学习的意识。
查词典便可发现 trade : particular job, especially one needing special skill with your hands n.手艺 。
所以当读到 Borison’s father is a teacher by trade 的时候， 便可以没有阻碍的看出， 这句话说的是Borison的父亲的职业是老师。
三、要有词义之间的联想意识
例1：
Individual users were in his mind, too, when companies came to him for smart solutions. He liked to work alongside their employees for a while, so that he could tailor an app exactly to their routines
本句话中烤鸭们对于tailor 这个词应该算是熟悉的， 表示n .裁缝， 但是在句子例, tailor很明显，做的是动词， 那么谈及的要有词义之间的联想意识指的是什么? 裁缝什么画面? 量体裁衣!
所以tailor 做动词 可以表示 给--量身定制;给--专门设计; 当读到这样的句子：the director tailor the part for her .就可以读懂这句话的意思是 导演给她量身定制了这个角色。
【关于雅思阅读中的句子】
很多烤鸭对于雅思阅读中的句子也依然感到很困惑，感觉很多时候读不懂或者需要读几遍才能看懂，那么雅思阅读的句子应该怎么去处理应对呢?
一、要有抓句子主干的意识，主谓先相接。
例：Indeed, the purple color extracted from a snail was once so costly that in society at the time only the rich could afford it
本句话中主语是the purple color, 在读的时候, extracted from a snail 是修饰， 做后置定语，在读的时候很显然是可以略过的， 让主语the purple color 和was so costly 先相接。
二、要有句式预判的意识
很多句子是靠固定搭配支撑的， 因此在读的时候， 要把句子的固定搭配先提炼出来，比如读到distinguish 的时候， 要提醒自己后面基本上给出distinguish a from b ， 读到replace 的时候，提醒自己后面基本上给出replace a with b .
例：
They identified as drivers of this problem our dependency on fossil fuels and unsupportive government policies.
这句话对于很多烤鸭而言，可能是相比之下可能第一感觉很懵， 原因很简单，这句话出现了语言能力考试里面的长难句中的“宾语后置”. 那么其实读懂这句话需要什么支撑呢 ?
句式预判的意识! 读到identify 的时候， 要提醒自己，后面的结构是identify a as b ,
所以这句话的正常语序是: they identified our dependency on fossil fuels and unsupportive government polices as drivers of this problem .
三、要有识别固定搭配的意识
Moderating content on the internet has so far been a losing game of whack-a-mole.
This was brought home by the Christchurch massacre in New Zealand in March,
when a video of the shooting and a manifesto written by the alleged culprit spread
rapidly on some of the world’s best-resourced social-media platforms despite efforts to prevent their dissemination.
这句话中的this was brought home 很明显，几乎和“ 带回家”的意思不沾边， 所以基本上可以断定的是这应该是属于一个固定搭配。 查词典可以发现：
bring sth home to sb/come home to sb ：to make you realize how serious, difficult, or dangerous something is 使某人充分意识到某事〔的严重性、难度或危险性〕
关于雅思阅读的段落 ：
雅思阅读相比之下，对于段落的考察要求比较低， 但是因为小标题题这种题型的存在， 烤鸭们在备考的时候， 也要提高自己对于读段落整体速度的能力。
例：
Second, litigation may no longer be quite the deterrent it once was. Criminal cases leading to jail terms for top executives are as rare as socialists at Goldman Sachs. And civil law has lost its bite. America has long used class-action (集体起诉)suits to punish firms and compensate consumers. Tort costs(侵权成本) born by firms are equivalent to about 2% of GDP a year, higher than in other countries.
(这块本质而言都是让步用的， 是在陈述的是litigation 的deterrent的性质，在读的时候就应该提醒自己，这块并非是陈述的重点).
Nonetheless(读的时候的重点出现 开始转折，论述litigation 的not deterrent it was once), life has got easier for firms. Arbitration clauses, in which customers and staff forfeit the right to pursue class actions, have become more common. Firms are more likely to extend cases to appeal, which can take up to a decade. One veteran class-action lawyer says that financial penalties have shrunk relative to the value of many firms, which in turn have risen as a result of a takeover wave. She complains that for the top 50 firms, the threat of a multi-billion-dollar legal settlement “doesn’t move the needle any more”
备注： 在读for the top 50 firms 这句话的时候 需要注意的时， 这块话之前之内都没有转折， 说明这句话和前面的句子本质而言都是方向一致的。
所以move the needle 这个表述即使看不懂也没有关系，反正论述的点都是在说明litigation may no longer be quite the deterrent it once was.
顺便说一下move the needle 是英文里面的俚语， 表示 带来改变/ 产生变化的意思 。
雅思阅读材料大集合：敏感人群的16个习惯
Do you feel like you reflect on things more than everyone else? Do you find yourself worrying about how other people feel? Do you prefer quieter, less chaotic environments?
你是否觉得自己看待事物比其他人想得多?你是否发现自己总在担心其他人的感受?你是不是更喜欢安静一些，少些嘈杂的环境?
If the above sound true to you, you may be highly sensitive. The personality trait -- which was first researched by Elaine N. Aron, Ph.D., in the early 1990s -- is relatively common, with as many as one in five people possessing it. Aron, who has written multiple studies and books on high sensitivity, including The Highly Sensitive Person, also developed a self-test (which you can take here) to help you determine if you are highly sensitive.
如果以上描述对你适用，那么你很可能属于高敏感人群。这种个性特征是相对普遍的，每五个人中就有一人属于此类。伊莱恩·阿隆博士在20世纪九十年代早期首次对此进行了研究，她写过数篇研究报告和数本相关图书，其中包括《高度敏感的人》。她同时也开发了一个自我测试来帮助你决定自己是不是高度敏感(你可以跟着这篇文章进行测试)。
While recent interest in introversion -- driven largely by high-profile publications on the subject, including Susan Cain's book ”Quiet,“ -- has brought more awareness to personality traits that value less stimulation and higher sensitivity, Aron notes that highly sensitive people still tend to be considered the ”minority.“
近期，包括苏珊·凯因的《安静》在内的诸多内向主题出版物高调发表，引起了大众对此的极大兴趣，人们更加注意到喜欢少些刺激和有着更高敏感度的个性特征。阿隆博士提到，高敏感人群现在仍被认为是“少数”。
But ”minority“ doesn't mean bad -- in fact, being highly sensitive carries a multitude of positive characteristics. Read on for some of the commonalities shared by highly sensitive people.
但“少数”并不意味着不好——实际上，高度敏感的人有一系列积极正面的个性特征。跟着本文一起看看高敏感度人群的一些常见的个性特征吧。
1. They feel more deeply.
1. 他们的感受更加深刻。
One of the hallmark characteristics of highly sensitive people is the ability to feel more deeply than their less-sensitive peers. ”They like to process things on a deep level,“ Ted Zeff, Ph.D., author of The Highly Sensitive Person's Survival Guide and other books on highly sensitive people, tells HuffPost. ”They're very intuitive, and go very deep inside to try to figure things out.“
高敏感度人群的特征标志之一就是他们比低敏感的的同伴有着更深刻的感受。“他们喜欢在深层面掌握事物，”曾编写《高敏感度人群的生存指南》以及其他相关书籍的特德·泽夫博士对《赫芬顿邮报》说道：“他们有敏锐的直觉，会深刻思考寻找问题的答案。”
2. They're more emotionally reactive.
2. 他们的情感反应更丰富。
People who are highly sensitive will react more in a situation. For instance, they will have more empathy and feel more concern for a friend's problems, according to Aron. They may also have more concern about how another person may be reacting in the face of a negative event.
高敏感度的人对于一个情景会做出更多反应。比如，根据阿隆博士的说法，他们更会站在他人的角度考虑，对朋友遇到的难题也更有同感。他们也许会更加顾虑到其他人遇到不好的事情会怎样反应。
3. They're probably used to hearing, ”Don't take things so personally“ and ”Why are you so sensitive?“
3. 他们很可能已经习惯听到“别往心里去“和”为什么你这么敏感?“之类的话。
Depending on the culture, sensitivity can be perceived as an asset or a negative trait, Zeff explains. In some of his own research, Zeff says that highly sensitive men he interviewed from other countries -- such as Thailand and India -- were rarely or never teased, while highly sensitive men he interviewed from North America were frequently or always teased. ”So a lot of it is very cultural -- the same person who is told, 'Oh, you're too sensitive,' in certain cultures, it's considered an asset,“ he says.
泽夫博士解释道，文化决定敏感可以被视作一笔财富或者一种负面特质。泽夫博士在研究中采访过来自其他国家的高敏感人群，比如泰国和印度的高敏感的人很少或者几乎没被别人取笑过，而北美的高敏感人群经常被作为取笑的对象。“所以，这很大程度上都和文化有关——在某些国家，同样一个人被别人说成‘你太敏感了!’，而在有些国家，这被视为一种个人财富，”他如此总结道。
4. They prefer to exercise solo. ??
4. 他们更喜欢独自锻炼。
Highly sensitive people may tend to avoid team sports, where there's a sense that everyone is watching their every move, Zeff says. In his research, the majority of highly sensitive people he interviewed preferred individual sports, like bicycling, running and hiking, to group sports. However, this is not a blanket rule -- there are some highly sensitive people who may have had parents who provided an understanding and supportive environment that would make it easier for them to participate in group sports, Zeff says.
泽夫博士介绍说，高敏感的人可能倾向于避开团队运动，因为他们会觉得每个人都在看着他的一举一动。在他的研究中，他采访的大部分高敏感的人更喜欢个人运动，比如骑自行车，跑步或者徒步旅行。然而，这并不适用于所有高敏感人群——由于家人提供了理解和支持的成长环境，有些高敏感的人可能更容易参与群体运动。
5. It takes longer for them to make decisions.
5. 他们做决定需要更长时间。
Highly sensitive people are more aware of subtleties and details that could make decisions harder to make, Aron says. Even if there is no ”right“ or ”wrong“ decision -- for example, it's impossible to choose a ”wrong“ flavor of ice cream -- highly sensitive people will still tend to take longer to choose because they are weighing every possible outcome. Aron's advice for dealing with this: ”Take as long to decide as the situation permits, and ask for more time if you need it and can take it,“ she writes in a recent issue of her Comfort Zone newsletter. ”During this time, try pretending for a minute, hour, day, or even week that you have made up your mind a certain way. How does that feel? Often, on the other side of a decision things look different, and this gives you a chance to imagine more vividly that you are already there.“ One exception: Once a highly sensitive person has come to the conclusion of what is the right decision to make and what is the wrong decision to make in a certain situation, he or she will be quick to make that ”right“ decision again in the future.
高敏感的人更能意识到那些让做决定变得困难的细节，阿隆讲道。即使没有“对”或者“错”的选择，比如，不可能会选到有“错误”口味的冰激凌，但高敏感的人仍会考虑更久，因为他们想要衡量每个可能的结果。对此，阿隆给出以下建议：“情况允许的情况下，能考虑多久就考虑多久，如果你需要并且可以得到，争取更多时间。”她在她的最近一期《舒适区》的通讯中写道，“在这段时间， 一分钟，一小时，一天，甚至一星期，试着假装你是以某种特定的方式做出决定的。这是什么感觉?一个选择的相对面通常看起来非常不同，这样做给你尽情想象做了另外一个选择的机会。”例外：一个高敏感的人一旦得出正确和错误选择的结论，以后在需要做出“正确”选择的时候他或者她会很快做出选择。
6. And on that note, they are more upset if they make a ”bad“ or ”wrong“ decision.
6. 基于以上，他们会为自己做出的“不好的”或者“错误的”选择感到更加沮丧。
You know that uncomfortable feeling you get after you realize you've made a bad decision? For highly sensitive people, ”that emotion is amplified because the emotional reactivity is higher,“ Aron explains.
你知道当你意识到自己做了不好的选择时那种不舒服的感觉吧?对于高敏感的人，“这种情感会被放大，因为他们情感上的反应更加灵敏，”阿隆解释道。
7. They're extremely detail-oriented. ??
7. 他们极度注意细节。
Highly sensitive people are the first ones to notice the details in a room, the new shoes that you're wearing, or a change in weather.
高敏感的人们是会第一个注意到一个房间的细节，你穿的新鞋子，或者天气的变化。
8. Not all highly sensitive people are introverts.
8. 并不是所有高敏感的人都是内向个性。
In fact, about 30 percent of highly sensitive people are extroverts, according to Aron. She explains that many times, highly sensitive people who are also extroverts grew up in a close-knit community -- whether it be a cul-de-sac, small town, or with a parent who worked as a minister or rabbi -- and thus would interact with a lot of people.
实际上，根据阿隆的说法，大约30%的高敏感的人是外向个性。她解释说很多时候外向性格的高敏感人群都是在邻里关系密切的社区长大—无论是小巷子，小镇子，或者父母之一是牧师或者法师，因此他们会和很多其他人互动。
9. They work well in team environments.
9. 他们在团队中的工作做得很棒。
Highly sensitive people are such deep thinkers, they make valuable workers and members of teams, Aron says. However, they may be well-suited for positions in teams where they don't have to make the final decision. For instance, if a highly sensitive person was part of a medical team, he or she would be valuable in analyzing the pros and cons of a patient having surgery, while someone else would ultimately make the decision about whether that patient would receive the surgery.
阿隆说道，因为高敏感的人是深度思考者，他们会成为很有价值的员工和团队成员。然而，他们可能很适合被安排到团队中不需要做最终决定的位置。比如，如果一个高敏感的人是一个医疗团队的一员，他或她会在分析给病人做手术的好处和坏处时充分体现价值，而另外一个人会最终决定到底要不要给病人做手术。
10. They're more prone to anxiety or depression (but only if they've had a lot of past negative experiences).
10. 他们会更容易焦虑或者压抑(只是在他们过去有很多负面经历的情况下)。
”If you've had a fair number of bad experiences, especially early in life, so you don't feel safe in the world or you don't feel secure at home or ... at school, your nervous system is set to 'anxious,'“ Aron says. But that's not to say that all highly sensitive people will go on to have anxiety -- and in fact, having a supportive environment can go a long way to protecting against this. Parents of highly sensitive children, in particular, need to ”realize these are really great kids, but they need to be handled in the right way,“ Aron says. ”You can't over-protect them, but you can't under-protect them, either. You have to titrate that just right when they're young so they can feel confident and they can do fine.“
“如果你有过相当多的负面经历，尤其是在人生早期的时候，你会觉得这个世界不安全或者你在家也没有安全感，或者…在学校也没有，你的神经系统已经被设定为‘焦虑’模式，”阿隆讲道。但这并不是说所有的高敏感度人都会继续焦虑下去——实际上，一个充满他人支持的环境可以很长久地保护他们远离焦虑。尤其是高敏感的孩子的父母，需要“意识到这些孩子非常棒，只是需要以正确的方式教育，”阿隆讲道。“你不能过度保护，但你也不能保护不足。你必须在他们小的时候就小心地掌握好保护的程度，这样他们会感到自信而且可以做得很好。”
11. That annoying sound is probably significantly more annoying to a highly sensitive person.
11. 噪音对于高敏感的人来讲可能更加恼人。
While it's hard to say anyone is a fan of annoying noises, highly sensitive people are on a whole more, well, sensitive to chaos and noise. That's because they tend to be more easily overwhelmed and overstimulated by too much activity, Aron says.
阿隆说，任何人都不喜欢噪音，总体来讲，高敏感的人更是这样，他们对嘈杂和噪声更加敏感。那是因为他们很容易被太多的活动压垮和过度刺激。
12. Violent movies are the worst.
12. 暴力电影最糟糕。
Because highly sensitive people are so high in empathy and more easily overstimulated, movies with violence or horror themes may not be their cup of tea, Aron says.
因为高敏感的人很容易有共鸣和被过度刺激，有暴力或者恐怖主题的电影可能不适合他们。
13. They cry more easily.
13. 他们更容易哭。
That's why it's important for highly sensitive people to put themselves in situations where they won't be made to feel embarrassed or ”wrong“ for crying easily, Zeff says. If their friends and family realize that that's just how they are -- that they cry easily -- and support that form of expression, then ”crying easily“ will not be seen as something shameful.
泽夫说，这就是为什么对于高敏感的人来讲，让自己置身于哭不会产生尴尬或者让人感觉做错了的情况非常重要。如果他们的朋友和家人意识到哭是他们本会有的表现，并且支持这种表达，那么“很容易哭”就不会被认为是种耻辱。
14. They have above-average manners.
14. 他们在礼仪方面比一般人做得更好。
Highly sensitive people are also highly conscientious people, Aron says. Because of this, they're more likely to be considerate and exhibit good manners -- and are also more likely to notice when someone else isn't being conscientious. For instance, highly sensitive people may be more aware of where their cart is at the grocery store -- not because they're afraid someone will steal something out of it, but because they don't want to be rude and have their cart blocking another person's way.
阿隆介绍说，高敏感的人们是非常小心谨慎的。因此他们更倾向于为他人着想和表现更好的礼仪——也更容易发现其他人的不谨慎。比如，高敏感的人在购物时可能更会注意到他们的购物车在哪儿——不是因为怕别人偷东西，而是因为他们不想不礼貌地让自己的购物车挡了别人的路。
15. The effects of criticism are especially amplified in highly sensitive people.
15. 批评的影响尤其会在高敏感的人这里被放大。
Highly sensitive people have reactions to criticism that are more intense than less sensitive people. As a result, they may employ certain tactics to avoid said criticism, including people-pleasing (so that there is no longer anything to criticize), criticizing themselves first, and avoiding the source of the criticism altogether, according to Aron.”People can say something negative, [and] a non-HSP [highly sensitive person] can say, 'Whatever,' and it doesn't affect them,“ Zeff says. ”But a HSP would feel it much more deeply.“
高敏感的人相比低敏感的人对批评有更强烈的反应。因此，他们会发展特定的策略去避免批评，包括迎合他们(这样就再也没什么可批评的了)，先自我批评，同时避免各种批评一起席卷而来，阿隆这样讲道。 “人们可以讲负面的东西，一个低敏感的人可以说，‘随便吧!’而这不会影响他们，” 泽夫讲道。“但是一个高敏感的人会有更深度的感觉。”
16. Cubicles = good. Open-office plans = bad. ?
16. 小隔间=棒。开放办公室=糟糕。
Just like highly sensitive people tend to prefer solo workouts, they may also prefer solo work environments. Zeff says that many highly sensitive people enjoy working from home or being self-employed because they can control the stimuli in their work environments. For those without the luxury of creating their own flexible work schedules (and environments), Zeff notes that highly sensitive people might enjoy working in a cubicle -- where they have more privacy and less noise -- than in an open-office plan.
就像高敏感的人倾向于喜欢独自运动，他们也可能更喜欢单独的工作环境。泽夫说很多高敏感的人很享受在家工作或者个体经营，因为这样他们可以控制工作环境中的外界刺激。对那些没有这种奢侈去创造适合自己个人的灵活的工作时间(和环境)的人而言，高敏感的人可能喜欢在小隔间工作，和开放办公室相比，他们会有更多的私人空间和更少的噪音。
雅思阅读材料大集合：MH370机长起飞前接神秘电话?
英国媒体报道，马航失联客机MH370航班的机长查哈里在客机起飞前，曾接过一个维持了两分钟的神秘电话，而当局发现，与机长最后通话的人，利用女性名字和假身分证购买电话卡，令外界揣测客机失联或与机师有关。
不过，据马来西亚星洲网报道称，马来西亚警方指报道纯属炒作，没有根据。
《每日邮报》报道，该通电话是查哈里驾驶客机起飞前所接的最后几个电话之一。据报道，马来西亚警方查出电话来源后，往卖出相关SIM卡的吉隆坡店舖查证，发现有人以女性名字及假身分注册买该SIM卡。
调查员认为该线索甚为重要，因任何人在马来西亚购买预付SIM卡，须填上身份证或护照号。这是911事件后引入的条例，保证每个手机号码可追踪到注册者。
由于恐怖份子惯常用预付卡与人联络，故外界再度揣测，机长是否与恐怖组织有联系。
据报道，那些曾在客机起飞前几个小时，与机长通电话的相关人士已经被查。
英国小报《太阳报》日前率先报道指查哈里在航班起飞前，曾打了一通神秘电话，但马来西亚警方指报道纯属炒作，没有根据。
The captain of missing Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 received a two-minute call shortly before take-off from a mystery woman using a mobile phone number obtained under a false identity.
It was one of the last calls made to or from the mobile of Captain Zaharie Ahmad Shah in the hours before his Boeing 777 left Kuala Lumpur 16 days ago.
Investigators are treating it as potentially significant because anyone buying a pay-as-you-go SIM card in Malaysia has to fill out a form giving their identity card or passport number.
Introduced as an anti-terrorism measure following 9/11, this ensures that every number is registered to a traceable person.
But in this case police traced the number to a shop selling SIM cards in Kuala Lumpur. They found that it had been bought ‘very recently’ by someone who gave a woman’s name – but was using a false identity.
The discovery raises fears of a possible link between Captain Zaharie, 53, and terror groups whose members routinely use untraceable SIM cards. Everyone else who spoke to the pilot on his phone in the hours before the flight took off has already been interviewed.
In a separate development, The Mail on Sunday has learned that investigators are now poised to question Captain Shah’s estranged wife in detail.
They have waited two weeks out of respect, but will now begin formally interviewing Faizah Khan following pressure from FBI agents assisting the inquiry.
Although the couple – who have three children – were separated, they had been living under the same roof. A source said: ‘Faizah has been spoken to gently by officers but she has not been questioned in detail to establish her husband’s behaviour and state of mind in the days leading to the incident.
篇7：雅思阅读遇生词怎么猜词
雅思阅读遇生词怎么猜词
一、利用定义式线索进行猜测
定义是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。例如：Kinetic energy is the energy of moving particles. Kinetic可能是生词，由定义可知，表语是说明主语性质内容的。所以可以根据定义来猜测kinetic是一种动能。再如：Typhoons are cyclones, storms with strong winds rotating around a low-pressure center. 如果cyclones是生词，推断该词义的线索就是其后面的解释“绕低气压中心形成的暴风雨”。在这种解释中定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。
二、根据进一步阐述猜测词义
虽然进一步阐述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使我们猜出生词的词义。复述部分可以是适当的词，短语或者句子。例如：Experts in kinesics, in their study of body motion as related to speech ,hope to discover new methods of communications. 雅思备考,不出国考雅思有用吗逗号中短语的意思是“对肢体语言进行研究的学科”。短语与前面生词kinesics是同位关系，因此我们不难猜出kinesics指“肢体语言学”。在这种复述当中，构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号，和括号等。另外同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other等副词或短语出现。
另外一种会以定语从句的形式出现如从句：
Obesity, which is a medical disorder that affects approximately 20-30% of the population of the United States of America. It is an excessive accumulation of body fat that results from the storage of excess food energy calories in the body''s fat cells.
根据生词obesity后面的非限制性定语从句which is a medical disorder that affects approximately 20-30% of the population of the United States of America. It is an excessive accumulation of body fat that results from the storage of excess food energy calories in the body''s fat cells. 我们可以推断出obesity的含义，即“过度肥胖”。
三、根据举例猜测词义
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索，例如：
The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past.
句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例，通过它们我们可以猜出战争，科学发现都是重要的events进而判断epochal的大致词义“重要的”。这与其确切含义“划时代的”十分接近。
四、根据上下文的语境关联猜测词义
例如：
Computers have been used for most kinds of crime, including fraud theft, larceny, embezzlement, burglary, sabotage, murder and forgery, since the first cases were reported in 1985.
这句话中有许多生词出现，但通过上文的crime和murder一词，我们可以知道这些生词都是与犯罪有关的词。在考试中，就不必费心去考虑它们的具体意思，知道大概类别即可。再如：
Goran fears only one service in tennis -- Michael Stichs. His toss is always the same: the straight one or the topspin. Sampras has a good serve and Becker too, but Stichs is the toughest to read.
在此例中，Goran不难判断是人名。接下来我们发现大多数词是用于网球运动中的一些专门词汇，我们可以不必理会，而主要关注认识的那些词。这样能够大概理解Goran这个人，害怕某种service, 通过上下文大致可得知这是指网球运动中的一个动作(比如发球、扣球等)。其实，service就是“发球”的意思。从形容词straight可知Stichs发球的特点，而且他是最难预测的一个。这样一来就可以很好地把握文章内容了。
五、根据对比关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词或难词的反义词猜测其词义。例如：
Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends. Gregarious.
对许多人来说可能是个生词，但是句中单词unlike可以提示我们Gregarious和后面的词unsociable person是对比关系。分析出这种关系后，我们便能猜出Gregarious意为“爱交际的”。
雅思阅读材料：丹麦长颈鹿向临终管理员吻别
This is the touching moment a giraffe bid a sad farewell to a dying worker who had spent his entire adult life cleaning the animal's enclosure at a Dutch zoo.
荷兰一动物园中上演了温情一幕：维修工终其一生都在动物园为动物们清理窝棚，在他即将离世之际，长颈鹿仿佛感受到了悲伤、献出给饲养员的告别之吻。
The 54-year-old maintenance worker, who has terminal cancer, asked that his hospital bed be wheeled into the giraffe enclosure at the zoo.
这位54岁的维修工已经癌症晚期，他请求把自己的病床带到动物园的长颈鹿生活区。
In a heartbreaking scene, one of the giraffes then approached the man, known only as Mario, and gave him a tender kiss goodbye.
在一幕感人的画面中，一只长颈鹿走进这位名叫马里奥的工人，然后送上了温柔的告别之吻。
‘(It was) a very special moment. You saw him beaming.’
“这一刻非常奇妙，你可以看见马里奥满脸笑容。”
Mario, who's mentally disabled, then asked for a moment to say goodbye to his colleagues at the zoo, where he spent the vast majority of his adult life.
马里奥先天智力低于常人，他在动物园工作了大半生。当时他请求和动物园的同事告别。
‘It was very nice that we were able to work on the last wish of this man,' Mr Veldboer said.
Veldboer 先生说：“我们很高兴能够通过我们的努力满足他的最后心愿。”
The Ambulance Wish Foundation is a charity whose volunteers specialise in taking non-mobile terminally ill patients fulfill their dying wishes.
救护车许愿基金会是一个慈善组织，其志愿者专注于帮助疾病晚期、行动不便的病人实现最后的愿望。
The organization was founded in by Veldboer, who also drives the company's fleet of ambulances to take patients wherever they wish to go.
这一组织由Veldboer在建立的，同时他还是基金会救护车车队的司机，载着病人到所有想去的地方。
Last year the charity took a terminally-ill 86-year-old man back to his farm in Holland, to say goodbye to his ponies.
去年，这一慈善组织曾帮助疾病晚期的86岁老人回到自己在荷兰的农场，和自己的小马告别。
雅思阅读材料：小睡一个小时的作用有多大?
The average Briton gets six-and-a-half hours' sleep a night, according to the Sleep Council. Michael Mosley took part in an unusual experiment to see if this is enough.
It has been known for some time that the amount of sleep people get has, on average, declined over the years.
This has happened for a whole range of reasons, not least because we live in a culture where people are encouraged to think of sleep as a luxury - something you can easily cut back on. After all, that's what caffeine is for - to jolt you back into life. But while the average amount of sleep we are getting has fallen, rates of obesity and diabetes have soared. Could the two be connected?
We wanted to see what the effect would be of increasing average sleep by just one hour. So we asked seven volunteers, who normally sleep anywhere between six and nine hours, to be studied at the University of Surrey's Sleep Research Centre.
The volunteers were randomly allocated to two groups. One group was asked to sleep for six-and-a-half hours a night, the other got seven-and-a-half hours. After a week the researchers took blood tests and the volunteers were asked to switch sleep patterns. The group that had been sleeping six-and-a-half hours got an extra hour, the other group slept an hour less.
While we were waiting to see what effect this would have, I went to the John Radcliffe hospital in Oxford to learn more about what actually happens when we sleep.
In the Sleep Centre, they fitted me up with a portable electro-encephalograph, a device that measures brain wave activity. Then, feeling slightly ridiculous, I went home and had my seven-and-a-half hours of sleep.
The following day I went to discuss what had happened inside my head during the night with Dr Katharina Wulff.
The first thing she pointed out was that I had very rapidly fallen into a state of deep sleep. Deep sleep sounds restful, but during it our brains are actually working hard. One of the main things the brain is doing is moving memories from short-term storage into long-term storage, allowing us more short-term memory space for the next day. If you don't get adequate deep sleep then these memories will be lost.
You might think: “I'll cut back during the week and then make up for it at the weekend.” Unfortunately it doesn't work like that, because memories need to be consolidated within 24 hours of being formed.
Since deep sleep is so important for consolidating memories it is a good idea if you are revising or perhaps taking an exam to make sure that you're getting a reasonable night's sleep. In one study, people who failed to do so did 40% worse than their contemporaries.
Deep sleep only lasts for a few hours. My electrode results showed that during the night my brain went through multiple phases of another kind of activity, called REM sleep.
“This is the phase when you are usually paralysed - so you can't move,” Wulff explained. But the eye muscles are not paralysed, and that's why it's called rapid eye movement sleep.“
During REM sleep an extraordinary thing happens. One of the stress-related chemicals in the brain, noradrenalin, is switched off. It's the only time, day or night, this happens. It allows us to remain calm while our brains reprocess all the experiences of the day, helping us come to terms with particularly emotional events.
We get more REM sleep in the last half of the night. Which means that if you are woken unexpectedly, your brain may not have dealt with all your emotions - which could leave you stressed and anxious. Drinking alcohol late at night is not a good idea as it reduces your REM sleep while it's being processed in your body.
Back at the University of Surrey our sleep volunteers had finished their second week of the experiment. What we wanted to see was the effect switching from six-and-a-half hours to seven-and-a-half hours, or vice versa, would have on our volunteers.
Computer tests revealed that most of them struggled with mental agility tasks when they had less sleep, but the most interesting results came from the blood tests that were run.
Dr Simon Archer and his team at Surrey University were particularly interested in looking at the genes that were switched on or off in our volunteers by changes in the amount that we had made them sleep.
”We found that overall there were around 500 genes that were affected,“ Archer explained. ”Some which were going up, and some which were going down.“
What they discovered is that when the volunteers cut back from seven-and-a-half to six-and-a-half hours' sleep a night, genes that are associated with processes like inflammation, immune response and response to stress became more active. The team also saw increases in the activity of genes associated with diabetes and risk of cancer. The reverse happened when the volunteers added an hour of sleep.
So the clear message from this experiment was that if you are getting less than seven hours' sleep a night and can alter your sleep habits, even just a little bit, it could make you healthier. ”Have a lie-in, it will do you good“ - that's the kind of health message that doesn't come along very often.
据英国睡眠委员会(Sleep Council)调查显示，英国人平均每天只睡6.5小时。为了验证这样的睡眠是否足够，迈克尔·莫斯利医生(Michael Mosley)参加了一项不寻常的实验。
近些年来，人们已经认识到了这样的事实：我们的平均睡眠时间正在逐渐减少。
这一现象的原因是多方面的，其中之一便是我们所处的文化让我们觉得睡觉是件奢侈的事情，可以轻而易举地缩减。毕竟，咖啡因的功能就在这儿了：把你唤回清醒的状态。然而，随着睡眠量的不断下降，肥胖和糖尿病的发病率却在大幅升高——二者之间会不会有一定关系呢?
我们想看看把平均睡眠时间增加一小时会有什么效果，于是邀请了7位志愿者参加我们的实验。这7个人平日的睡眠在6—9个小时之间。实验由萨里大学(University of Surrey)的睡眠研究中心负责主持。
我们将志愿者随机分为两组，一组每晚睡6.5小时，另一组睡7.5小时。一周之后研究者对两组人的血液进行检测，并调换两组的睡眠量，原来睡6.5小时的一组多睡一小时，另一组则少睡一小时。
就在我们等待实验结果的过程中，我来到位于牛津的约翰·拉德克里夫医院(John Radcliffe hospital)，看看我们睡觉时究竟发生了什么。
在该院的睡眠中心里，工作人员为我戴上一台便携式脑电图仪。就这样，我戴着仪器半觉好笑地回到家，睡了7.5个小时。
第二天，我来到医院，向卡塔琳娜·伍尔夫医生询问了我的情况。
首先，她指出我很快就进入了深睡眠。虽然听上去挺安详，大脑在深睡眠时其实在积极地工作，其中一件重要的事情便是将短期记忆转存到长期记忆中，从而为第二天的短期记忆腾出空间。如果睡得不够，一些短期记忆便会丢失。
你也许会想：“我在工作日里缩减睡眠，到周末再补上不就行了吗?” 遗憾的是，大脑的运行机制并非如此，因为记忆需要在最初形成的24小时内得到强化。
由于深睡眠对于强化记忆十分重要，复习和考试前睡够觉就很有必要。在一项研究中，那些在复习和考试前没能睡够觉的学生比同龄人表现差了40%。
深睡眠只能持续几个小时。我的脑电图显示，大脑在夜里经历了几个称为快速动眼睡眠(REM)的阶段。
“人处于这一阶段时通常是麻痹的，所以动不了。”伍尔夫解释道。但由于这时的眼部肌肉并未麻痹，因此这一阶段的睡眠称作“快速动眼睡眠”。
快速动眼睡眠时，我们的体内会发生一种奇特的变化：脑内的去甲肾上腺素(一种与压力有关的化学物质)会大量消失，使得我们能够在平静中对白天的经历进行再加工，从而更好地应对某些事件对我们造成的情绪影响。然而，无论黑夜还是白天，去甲肾上腺素只有在快速动眼睡眠中才能大量消失。
由于快速动眼睡眠更多地分布于后半夜，如果你在夜里突然醒来，大脑这时很有可能还没完全处理掉你的情绪，从而导致压力感和焦虑的产生。深夜饮酒可不是什么好事情，因为代谢酒精会缩短快速动眼睡眠的时间。
两周后，我们的睡眠志愿者们结束了实验。我们想看看，人在少睡一小时和多睡一小时时会有哪些变化。
计算机测试结果表明，少睡一个小时时，多数人在完成思维敏捷性的任务时显得力不从心。不过更有趣的还是血液的检测结果。
萨里大学的西蒙·阿彻博士和他的团队发现，睡眠时间的变化会影响基因的活跃程度。
“我们发现一共约有500个基因受到影响。”阿彻说。“有些变得更加活跃，有些则相反。”
他们发现，当志愿者的睡眠从7.5小时减少到6.5小时时，体内与炎症、免疫和应对压力相关的基因变得更加活跃，与糖尿病和癌症相关的基因也是如此。而当受试者的睡眠时间增加后，这些基因的活跃程度便减弱了。
因此，实验清楚地表明，对于那些睡不够7个小时的人而言，如果他们能够改变睡眠习惯，哪怕只是做出一点点改变，他们的身体都会变得更健康。“多睡会吧，对你有好处。”遗憾的是，这样的建议我们听到的太少了。
篇8：如何做雅思阅读生词预判
如何做雅思阅读生词预判
为了更好地表达文章的主旨，揭示所要诠释的思想，作者往往常常在文章中对一些比较重要的词汇、概念和难懂的术语等做出一些解释，这种解释称作针对性解释，它可以提供明确的信息，可以利用这些针对性解释来猜测词义。
1、生词预判之定义句
在雅思阅读中，如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
例如： anthropology is the scientific study of man。
由定义可知，anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。
In slang the term ”jam“ constitutes a state of being in which a personfinds himself or herself in a difficult situation。
同样，从雅思阅读上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, beconsidered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify,constitute等。
2、生词预判之猜测词义
虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。
同位语 Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you areto speak and read intelligently。
此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semanties式同位关系，因此我们不难猜出semanties指“语义学”。
在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号，和括号等。
Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the mostcommon characteristics of electronic circuits。
由同位语我们很快猜出生词capacitance词义---电容量。
需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, orother, say i. e. 等副词或短语出现。
定语从句 Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affectivedisorder, a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings。
根据生词SAD后面定语从句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位语a syndromecharacterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我们可以推断出 SAD含义，即“季节性情绪紊乱症”。
3、生词预判之前后句线索
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索，例如：
The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientificdiscoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in thepast。
句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例，通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的大致词义“重要的”，这与其确切含义“划时代的”十分接近。
雅思阅读中所出的文章范围广，领域涉及多面，因此，要考生完全读懂文章是不可能的。这就需要考生们要具有根据上下文或者关键词来猜测词义与长难句的能力。
综上，雅思阅读中涉及到多个学科领域的文章生词，但雅思考试终归不是考察考生的词汇量的掌握，而是阅读理解能力，所以，生词预判能力的掌握能更好地帮助考生在有限时间内完成雅思阅读考试。这个能力需要考生在不断的练习中去总结经验，理论知识已经给到给位了，剩下的还是要靠考生自己。
雅思阅读材料：广州拟禁止为未成年人整容和纹身
According to a new proposal, Guangzhou minors will no longer be able to get either plastic surgery or tattoos.
广州拟出台规定：禁止给未成年人做整容和纹身。
The proposed law is currently under formulation and will take effect in 2013, according to Peng Qu, director of the Community and Rights Department in the Guangzhou Committee of the Chinese Communist Youth League.
广州团市委社区与权益工作部部长彭岖透露，该规定目前正在制订当中，已被列为2013年计划项目。
”Minors are going through a stage of growth and development and cosmetic surgery simply has a bad effect on teenage health. That is the biggest problem when they decide to get plastic surgery or tattoos,“ he said.”Moreover, their ideas, views and values can be easily distorted, which will then remain an obstacle throughout their lives.\"
“未成年人正处于发育阶段，手术容易对青少年的身体造成不利影响，这也是未成年人进行整形和纹身手术的弊端;另一方面，这容易导致未成年人自身的人生观和价值观异态扭曲，这对他们今后一生的道路都有阻碍。”
At the legislative level,and with the exception of Taiwan,no Chinese provinces or regions have issued such a regulation.
在立法层面，除了我国台湾地区，国家和省的立法都没有对此现象进行规范。
In 2005,Taiwan implemented a law that any people or agencies caught helping teens get tattoos or body piercings, would be in violation of civil law. Parents could even require compensation from those so-called helping hands and hold them accountable for the laser-removal fees.
台湾2005年曾规定,帮未满18岁青少年纹身或穿洞将触民法，家长可要求业者赔偿并负责激光祛除纹身的费用。
If any agencies were to violate the law again, they could be liable for up to three years in prison.
如果触犯刑法，刑罚也可处三年以下有期徒刑。
雅思阅读材料：美国男嫌犯称抢劫时正在梦游
A man from Connecticut, U.S. accused of attempting to rob a woman at knifepoint in an elevator at the Mohegan Sun casino says he was sleepwalking at the time, AP reported。
Winston Riley was arrested on March 18 after the woman told police he had flashed a large knife and tried to grab her purse while the two were alone in a parking garage elevator。
Riley said he was awakened by the woman when she ran away in confusion and fright, attorney Nicholas D'Amato said。
D'Amato said that he plans to use a medical defense for Riley based on that claim. He said he's confirmed with Riley's family that the 27-year-old has had a problem with sleepwalking since he was a child。
据美联社报道，美国康涅狄格州的一名男子被指控在金神大赌场里持刀抢劫一名女子未遂，不过该男子辩称，当时的他正在梦游。
温斯顿?赖利于3月18日被捕。女子向警察报案称，他们两人单独乘坐停车场电梯时，他亮出了刀子，试图夺走她的钱包。
律师尼古拉斯?达莫托说，据赖利回忆，当这名女子惊慌逃走时，他才被女子惊醒。
达莫托表示，他计划以这个说法为基础对赖利进行医疗辩护。
他说，他已跟赖利的家人证实，这名27岁的男子从小就有梦游的毛病。
★雅思范文
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