大学英语四级真题试卷

以下是小编整理的大学英语四级真题试卷，本文共12篇，欢迎阅读分享，希望对您有所帮助。

篇1：大学英语四级真题试卷

大学英语四级历年真题

Part I Writing （30 minutes）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.

1.一次性塑料袋的使用

2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题

3.限制一次性塑料袋的意义

Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.

For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].

For questions 8 -10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

That’s enough, kids

It was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.

“I’d watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he’d shoved,” she says.” I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, ’No, we don’t push,” What happened next was unexpected.

“The boy’s mother ran toward me from across the park,” Stella says,” I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child, All I did was let him know his behavior was unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the process?”

Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with other people’s children has become a minefield.

In my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In my sister’s house it’s encouraged. For her, it’s about kids being kids: “If you can’t do it at three, when can you do it?”

Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his aunt’s house. But I find myself saying “no” a lot when her kids are over at mine. That’s OK between sisters but becomes dangerous territory when you’re talking to the children of friends or acquaintances.

“Kids aren’t all raised the same,” agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash University.” But there is still an idea that they’re the property of the parent. We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you’re saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then that’s somehow a criticism of me.”

In those circumstances, it’s difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent first. There are two schools of thought.

“I’d go to the child first,” says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids. Usually a quiet reminder that ’we don’t do that here’ is enough. Kids nave finely tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different settings.”

He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too.

This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. Raise your concerns with the parents if they’re there and ask them to deal with it,” she says.

Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers: “Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the friendship. Preface your remarks with something like: ’I know you’ll think I’m silly but in my house I don’t want…’”

When it comes to situations where you’re caring for another child, white is straightforward: “common sense must prevail. If things don’t go well, then have a chat.”

There’re a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer appropriate. “A new set of considerations has come to the fore as part of the debate about how we handle children.”

For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone:” The rules are different now from when today’s parents were growing up,” he says, “Adults are scared of saying: ’don’t swear’, or asking a child to stand up on a bus. They’re worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out – either from older children, or their parents.”

He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (礼貌), and says that adults suffer form it as much as child.

Meredith Fuller agrees: “A code of conduct is hard to create when you’re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.”

“It’s about what I’m doing and what I need,” Andrew Fuller says. ”the days when a kid came home from school and said, “I got into trouble”. And dad said, ‘you probably deserved it’. Are over. Now the parents are charging up to the school to have a go at teachers.”

This jumping to our children’s defense is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people’s children. You know that if you remonstrate(劝诫) with the child, you’re going to have to deal with the parent. It’s admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good?

“Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable boundaries,” White says. “I suspect that it’s only certain sectors of the population doing the running to the school –better –educated parents are probably more likely to be too involved.”

White believes our notions of a more child-centered, it’ a way of talking about treating our children like commodities(商品). We’re centered on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve the best interests of the children.”

One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defence. Back at the park, Bianchi’ intervention(干预) on her son’ behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boy’ mother.

As Bianchi approached the park bench where she’d been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. “Apparently the boy had a longstanding reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour if he was challenged.”

Andrew Fuller doesn’t believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other people’s kids. “look at kids that aren’t your own as a potential minefield,” he says. He recommends that we don’t stay silent over inappropriate behaviour, particularly with regular visitors.

1. What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boy’s mother to do when she talked to him?

A) make an apology

B) come over to intervene

C) discipline her own boy

D) take her own boy away

2. What does the author say about dealing with other people’s children?

A) it’s important not to hurt them in any way

B) it’s no use trying to stop their wrongdoing

C) it’s advisable to treat them as one’s own kids

D) it’s possible for one to get into lots of trouble

3. According to professor Naomi white of Monash university, when one’s kids are criticized, their parents will probably feel___________________________.

A) discouraged

B) hurt

C) puzzled

D) overwhelmed

4. What should one do when seeing other people’s kids misbehave according to Andrew fuller?

A) talk to them directly in a mild way

B) complain to their parents politely

C) simply leave them alone

D) punish them lightly

5. Due to the child-centric nature of our society, ______________________.

A) parents are worried when their kids swear at them

B) people think it improper to criticize kids in public

C) people are reluctant to point our kids’ wrongdoings

D) many conflicts arise between parents and their kids

6. In a world where everyone is exhausted from over work and lack of sleep,____________________________.

A) it’s easy for people to become impatient

B) it’s difficult to create a code of conduct

C) it’s important to be friendly to everybody

D) it’s hard for people to admire each other

7. How did people use to respond when their kids got into trouble at school?

A) they’d question the teachers

B) they’d charge up to the school

C) they’d tell the kids to clam down

D) They’d put the blame on their kids

8. Professor white believes that the notions of a more child-centred society should be____________________.

9. According to professor white, today’s parents treat their children as something they___________________.

10. Andrew fuller suggests that , when kids behave inappropriately, people should not______________________.

Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

11. A)Only true friendship can last long.

B)Letter writing is going out of style.

C)She keeps in regular touch with her classmates.

D)She has lost contact with most of her old friends.

12. A) A painter. C) A porter.

B) A mechanic. D) A carpenter.

13. A) Look for a place near her office. C) Make inquiries elsewhere.

B) Find a new job down the street. D) Rent the $600 apartment.

14. A) He prefers to wear jeans with a larger waist.

B) He has been extremely busy recently.

C) He has gained some weight lately.

D) He enjoyed going shopping with Jane yesterday.

15. A)The woman possesses a natural for art.

B) Women have a better artistic taste than men.

C) He isn’t good at abstract thinking.

D) He doesn’t like abstract paintings.

16. A) She couldn’t have left her notebook in the library.

B) she may have put her notebook amid the journals.

C) she should have made careful notes while doing reading.

D) she shouldn’t have read his notes without his knowing it.

17. A)she wants to get some sleep C) she has a literature class to attend

B) she needs time to write a paper D)she is troubled by her sleep problem

18. A)He is confident he will get the job.

B)His chance of getting the job is slim.

C)It isn’t easy to find a qualified sales manager.

D)The interview didn’t go as well as he expected.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A)He can manage his time more flexibly.

B)He can renew contact with his old friends.

C)He can concentrate on his own projects.

D)He can learn to do administrative work.

20. A)Reading its ads in the newspapers.

B)Calling its personnel department.

C)Contacting its manager.

D)Searching its website.

21. A)To cut down its production expenses.

B)To solve the problem of staff shortage.

C)To improve its administrative efficiency.

D)To utilize its retired employees’ resources.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

22. A)Buy a tractor.

B)Fix a house.

C)See a piece of property.

D)Sing a business contract.

23. A)It is only forty miles form where they live.

B)It is a small one with a two-bedroom house.

C)It was a large garden with fresh vegetables.

D)It has a large garden with fresh vegetables.

24. A)Growing potatoes will involve less labor.

B)Its soil may not be very suitable for corn.

C)It may not be big enough for raising corn.

D)Raising potatoes will be more profitable.

25. A)Finances

B)Equipment

C)Labor

D)Profits

ection B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26 A) To introduce the chief of the city’s police force

B)To comment on a talk by a distinguished guest

C)To address the issue of community security

D)To explain the functions of the city council

27 A)He has distinguished himself in city management

B)He is head of the International Police Force

C)He completed his higher education abroad

D)He holds a master’s degree in criminology

28 A)To coordinate work among police departments

B)To get police officers closer to the local people

C)To help the residents in times of emergency

D)To enable the police to take prompt action

29 A)Popular

B)discouraging

C)effective

D)controversial

Passage Two

Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

30 A)people differ greatly in their ability to communicate

B)there are numerous languages in existence

C)Most public languages are inherently vague

D)Big gaps exist between private and public languages

31 A)it is a sign of human intelligence

B)in improves with constant practice

C)it is something we are born with

D)it varies from person to person

32 A)how private languages are developed

B)how different languages are related

C)how people create their languages

D)how children learn to use language

Passage Three

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

33 A)she was a tailor

B)she was an engineer

C)she was an educator

D)she was a public speaker

34.A)Basing them on science-fiction movies.

B) Including interesting examples in them

C) Adjusting them to different audiences

D) Focusing on the latest progress in space science

35.A) Whether spacemen carry weapons

B) How spacesuits protect spacemen

C) How NASA trains its spacemen

D) What spacemen cat and drink

ection C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

Crime is increasing world wide. There is every reason to believe the (36)____will continue through the next few decades.

Crime rates have always been high in multicultural, industrialized societies such as the United States, but a new (37) ____has appeared on the world (38)____rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few(39)____. Street crimes such as robbery, rape (40) ___and auto theft are clearly rising (41)___in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the united Kingdom.

What is driving this crime (42)____?There are no simple answers. Still，there are certain conditions(43) _______with rising crime increasing heterogeneity (混杂) of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of government,(44) _________________________________________________.

These conditions are increasingly observable around the world. For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous(同种类的) ,such as Japan, Denmark and Greece (45)_______________________.

Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and (46)_______________________.

Part IV Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth） （25 minutes）

Section A

A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural______47_____for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers turn______48_____ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to ____49 _____ from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a __50 _____ of human experiences and come to ___51 ____ other ways of thought and living. And while ____52 ____ their own relationships and responses to life , the readers often find that the ___53__ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.

Books provide ___54 ____ material for readers’ imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their imagination, books __55 ____their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure ___56 ___. The social and educational significance of the readers’ books cannot be overestimated in an academic library.

A. Abundant

B. Characters

C. Communicating

D. Completely

E. Derive

F. Desire

G. Diversity

H. Escape

I. Establishing

J. Narrow

K. Naturally

L. Personnel

M. Properly

N. Respect

O. Widen

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

If you are a male and you are reading this ,congratulations: you are a survivor .According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.

There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.

“Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should, ” says Dr. Gullotta, “This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.”

Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.

Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.

“When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer” he says, “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged this life”

According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.

“A lot of men think they are invincible （不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think” Geez, if it could happen to him.

Then there is the ostrich approach,” some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ” says Dr. Ross Cartmill.

“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,” Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.

Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.” But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”

57.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?

A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.

B. Their average life span has been considerably extended.

C. They have lived long enough to read this article.

D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.

58.What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?

A. men drink and smoke much more than women

B. men don’t seek medical care as often as women

C. men aren’t as cautions as women in face of danger

D. men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases

59. Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him…’(line2,para,8)?

A. it could happen to me, too

B. I should avoid playing golf

C. I should consider myself lucky

D. it would be a big misfortune

60 What does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”(line q para.9)？

A. a casual attitude towards one’s health conditions

B. a new therapy for certain psychological problems

C. refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved

D. unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear

61. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?

A.They may increase public expenses

B.They will save money in the long run

C.They may cause psychological strains on men

D.They will enable men to live as long as women

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬) by many ,but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done

Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.

Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide t frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school

“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,” said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group.” the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.”

On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers.

According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems. ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.

The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.

During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting（业余兼职的）local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces.

This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.

Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.

Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.

“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly.” said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”

Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答

62. Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?

A Most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.

B Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.

C Few customers believe the service will be improved.

D Customers have no easy access to store managers.

63. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying “ … the shopper must also find a replacement” (Line 2, Para. 4)?

A New customers are bound to replace old ones.

B It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other stores.

C Most stores provide the same

D Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too.

64. Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers_____.

A can stay longer browsing in the store

B won’t have trouble parking their cars

C won’t have any worries about security

D can find their cars easily after shopping

65. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?

A Manners of the salespeople

B Hiring of efficient employees

C Huge supply of goods for sale

D Design of the store layout.

66. To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to _________.

A exert pressure on stores to improve their service

B settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic way

C voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directly

D shop around and make comparisons between stores

Part V Cloze （15 minutes）

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Playing organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers that them for granted. This is especially true__67__children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and__68__sports programs and make sure that there is easy__69__to participation opportunities. Children in low-income families and poor communities are__70__likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often__71__the resources needed to pay for participation__72__, equipment, and transportation to practices and games__73__ their communities do not have resources to build and__74__sports fields and facilities.

Organized youth sports__75__appeared during the early 20th century in the United States and other wealthy nations. They were originally developed__76__some educators and developmental experts__77__that the behavior and character of children were__78__influenced by their social surrounding and everyday experiences. This__79__many people to believe that if you could organize the experiences of children in__80__ways, you could influence the kinds of adults that those children would become.

This belief that the social__81__influenced a person’s overall development was very__82__to people interested in progress and reform in the United States__83__the beginning of the 20th century. It caused them to think about__84__they might control the experiences of children to__85__responsible and productive adults. They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibility and that a__86__capitalist economy depended on the productivity of worker.

67. A. among B. within C. on D. towards

68. A. spread B. speed C. spur D. sponsor

69. A. access B. entrance C. chance D. route

70 A. little B. less C. more D. much

71. A. shrink B. tighten C. limit D. lack

72. A. bill B accounts C. fees D. fare

73. A. so B. as C. and D. but

74. A. maintain B. sustain C. contain D. entertain

75.A. last B. first C. later D. finally

76.A. before B. while C. until D. when

77.A. realized B. recalled C. expected D. exhibited

78.A. specifically B. excessively C. strongly D. exactly

79. A. moved B. conducted C. put D. led

80. A. precise B. precious C. particular D. peculiar

81.A. engagement B. environment C. state D. status

82.A. encouraging B. disappointing C. upsetting D. surprising

83.A. for B. with C. over D. at

84.A. what B. how C. whatever D. however

85.A. multiply B. manufacture C. produce D. provide

86.A. growing B. breeding C. raising D. flying

Part Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

87.Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems______________(他们至今还没有答案)

88.______________________ (大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their children.

89.You’d better take a sweater with you_____________________________________________ (以防天气变冷)

90.Throught the project, many people have received training and__________________________ (决定自己创业)

91.The anti-virus agent was not known___________________________________(直到一名医生偶然发现了它)

篇2：英语四级真题试卷参考

历年英语四级真题

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of reading ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. A) The return of a bottled message to its owner's daughter.

B) A New Hampshire man's joke with friends on his wife.

C) A father's message for his daughter.

D) The history of a century-old motel.

2. A) She wanted to show gratitude for his kindness.

B) She wanted to honor her father's promise.

C) She had been asked by her father to do so.

D) She was excited to see her father's handwriting.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A) People were concerned about the number of bees.

B) Several cases of Zika disease had been identified.

C) Two million bees were infected with disease.

D) Zika virus had destroyed some bee farms.

4. A) It apologized to its customers.

B) It was forced to kill its bees.

C) It lost a huge stock of bees.

D) It lost 2.5 million dollars.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. A) It stayed in the air for about two hours.

B) It took off and landed on a football field.

C) It proved to be of high commercial value.

D) It made a series of sharp turns in the sky.

6. A) Engineering problems.

B) The air pollution it produced.

C) Inadequate funding.

D) The opposition from the military.

7. A) It uses the latest aviation technology.

B) It flies faster than a commercial jet.

C) It is a safer means of transportation.

D) It is more environmentally friendly.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A) It seems a depressing topic.

B) It sounds quite alarming.

C) It has little impact on our daily life.

D) It is getting more serious these days.

9. A) The man doesn't understand Spanish.

B) The woman doesn't really like dancing.

C) They don't want something too noisy.

D) They can't make it to the theatre in time.

10. A) It would be more fun without Mr. Whitehead hosting.

B) It has too many acts to hold the audience's attention.

C) It is the most amusing show he has ever watched.

D) It is a show inappropriate for a night of charity.

11. A) Watch a comedy.

B) Go and see the dance.

C) Book the tickets online.

D) See a film with the man.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) Most of her schoolmates are younger than she is.

B) She simply has no idea what school to transfer to.

C) There are too many activities for her to cope with.

D) She worries she won't fit in as a transfer student.

13. A) Seek advice from senior students.

B) Pick up some meaningful hobbies.

C) Participate in after-school activities.

D) Look into what the school offers.

14. A) Give her help whenever she needs it.

B) Accept her as a transfer student.

C) Find her accommodation on campus.

D) Introduce her to her roommates.

15. A) She has interests similar to Mr. Lee's.

B) She has become friends with Catherine.

C) She has chosen the major Catherine has.

D) She has just transferred to the college.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A) To investigate how being overweight impacts on health.

B) To find out which physical drive is the most powerful.

C) To discover what most mice like to eat.

D) To determine what feelings mice have.

17. A) When they are hungry.

B) When they are thirsty.

C) When they smell food.

D) When they want company.

18. A) They search for food in groups.

B) They are overweight when food is plenty.

C) They prefer to be with other mice.

D) They enjoy the company of other animals.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A) Its construction started before World War I.

B) Its construction cost more than $ 40 billion.

C) It is efficiently used for transport.

D) It is one of the best in the world.

20. A) To improve transportation in the countryside.

B) To move troops quickly from place to place.

C) To enable people to travel at a higher speed.

D) To speed up the transportation of goods.

21. A) In the 1970s.

B) In the 1960s.

C) In the 1950s.

D) In the 1940s.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A) Chatting while driving.

B) Messaging while driving.

C) Driving under age.

D) Speeding on highways.

23. A) A gadget to hold a phone on the steering wheel.

B) A gadget to charge the phone in a car.

C) A device to control the speed of a vehicle.

D) A device to ensure people drive with both hands.

24. A) The car keeps flashing its headlights.

B) The car slows down gradually to a halt.

C) They are alerted with a light and a sound.

D) They get a warning on their smart phone.

25. A) Installing a camera.

B) Using a connected app.

C) Checking their emails.

D) Keeping a daily record.

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar panels. They are used to create some of the energy used by the insurance company inside. When the tower was first 26 in 1962, it was covered with thin square stones. These small square stones became a problem for the building and continued to fall off the face for 40 years until a major renovation was 27 . During this renovation the building's owners, CIS, 28 the solar panel company, Solarcentury. They agreed to cover the entire building in solar panels. In , the completed CIS tower became Europe's largest 29 of vertical solar panels. A vertical solar project on such a large 30 has never been repeated since.

Covering a skyscraper with solar panels had never been done before, and the CIS tower was chosen as one of the “10 best green energy projects”. For a long time after this renovation project, it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom, but it was 31 overtaken by the Millbank Tower.

Green buildings like this aren't 32 cost-efficient for the investor, but it does produce much less pollution than that caused by energy 33 through fossil fuels. As solar panels get 34 , the world is likely to see more skyscrapers covered in solar panels, collecting energy much like trees do. Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn't a race of 35 , but rather one to collect the most solar energy.

A) cheaper B) cleaner C) collection D) competed E) constructed F) consulted G) dimension H) discovered I) eventually J) height K) necessarily L) production M) range N) scale O) undertaken

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Some College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their Homework

A) Digital learning systems now charge students for access codes needed to complete coursework, take quizzes, and turn in homework. As universities go digital, students are complaining of a new hit to their finances that's replacing—and sometimes joining—expensive textbooks: pricey online access codes that are required to complete coursework and submit assignments.

B) The codes—which typically range in price from $ 80 to $ 155 per course—give students online access to systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson. These companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their new online offerings, when pushed to students through universities they partner with, represent the future of the industry.

C) But critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos (观念) of the textbook business, and are even harder for students to opt out of. While they could once buy second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital systems are essentially impossible to avoid.

D) “When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly (垄断), a new way to lock students around this system,” said Ethan Senack, the higher education advocate for the U.S. Public Interest Research Group, to BuzzFeed News. “Rather than $250 (for a print textbook) you're paying $ 120,” said Senack. “But because it's all digital it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt out.”

E) Sarina Harpet, a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when she first started college in —pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry homework. She told BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, a system provided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams and track their grades. But the code to access the program cost $ 120—a big sum for Harper, who had already put down $ 450 for textbooks, and had rent day approaching.

F) She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $ 150- $ 200, to pay for the code. She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result. “It's a balancing act,” she said. “Can I really afford these access codes now?” She didn't hand in her first two assignments for chemistry, which started her out in the class with a failing grade.

G) The access codes may be another financial headache for students, but for textbook businesses, they're the future. McGraw Hill, which controls 21% of the higher education market, reported in March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in 2015. The company said that 45% of its $ 140 million revenue in 2015 “was derived from digital products.”

H) A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that “digital materials are less expensive and a good investment” that offer new features, like audio texts, personalized knowledge checks and expert videos. Its digital course materials save students up to 60% compared to traditional printed textbooks, the company added. McGraw Hill didn't respond to a request for comment, but its CEO David Levin told the Financial Times in August that “in higher education, the era of the printed textbook is now over.”

I) The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for students. “These digital products aren't just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds of features,” David Anderson, the executive director of higher education with the Association of American Publishers, told BuzzFeed News. “It helps students understand in a way that you can't do with print homework assignments.”

J) David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that he understands the utility of using systems that require access codes. But he doesn't require his students to buy access to a learning program that controls the class assignments. “I try to make things as inexpensive as possible,” said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his classes but designs his own curriculum. “The online systems may make my life a lot easier but I feel like I'm giving up control. The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit the students most.”

K) A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she normally spends $ 500-$ 600 on access codes for class. In one case, the professor didn't require students to buy a textbook, just an access code to turn in homework. This year she said she spent $ 900 on access codes to books and programs. “That's two months of rent,” she said. “You can't sell any of it back. With a traditional textbook you can sell it for $ 30 - $ 50 and that helps to pay for your new semester's books. With an access code, you're out of that money. ”

L) Benjamin Wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina, told BuzzFeed News that “it's ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have to pay for all these access codes to do our homework.” Many of the access codes he's purchased have been required simply to complete homework or quizzes. “Often it's only 10% of your grade in class.” he said. “You're paying so much money for something that hardly affects your grade—but if you didn't have it, it would affect your grades enough. It would be bad to start out at a B or C.” Wolverton said he spent $ 500 on access codes for digital books and programs this semester.

M) Harper, a poultry (家禽) science major, is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a new access code to hand in her homework. She rented her economics and statistics textbooks for about $ 20 each. But her access codes for homework, which can't be rented or bought second-hand, were her most expensive purchases: $ 120 and $ 85.

N) She still remembers the sting of her first experience skipping an assignment due to the high prices. “We don't really have a missed assignment policy,” she said. “If you miss it, you just miss it. I just got zeros on a couple of first assignments. I managed to pull everything back up. But as a scared freshman looking at their grades, it's not fun.”

36. A student's yearly expenses on access codes may amount to their rent for two months.

37. The online access codes may be seen as a way to tie the students to the digital system.

38. If a student takes a course again, they may have to buy a new access code to submit their assignments.

39. McGraw Hill accounts for over one-fifth of the market share of college textbooks.

40. Many traditional textbook publishers are now offering online digital products, which they believe will be the future of the publishing business.

41. One student complained that they now had to pay for access codes in addition to the high tuition.

42. Digital materials can cost students less than half the price of traditional printed books according to a publisher.

43. One student decided not to buy her access code until she received the pay for her part-time job.

44. Online systems may deprive teachers of opportunities to make the best use of their expertise for their students.

45. Digital access codes are criticized because they are profit-driven just like the textbook business.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.

Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty scary. We know the risk of dementia (痴呆症) increases with age. But if you have memory slips, you probably needn't worry. There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss.

After age 50, it's quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people, places and things quickly, says Dr. Kirk Daffner of Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.

The brain ages just like the rest of the body. Certain parts shrink, especially areas in the brain that are important to learning, memory and planning. Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain. And blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels narrow.

Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie, for example, is nothing to worry about. But if you forget the plot of the movie or don't remember even seeing it, that's far more concerning, Daffner says.

When you forget entire experiences, he says, that's “a red flag that something more serious may be involved.” Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you've visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong.

But even then, Daffner says, people shouldn't panic. There are many things that can cause confusion and memory loss, including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep, high blood pressure, or depression, as well as medications (药物) like antidepressants.

You don't have to figure this out on your own. Daffner suggests going to your doctor to check on medications, health problems and other issues that could be affecting memory. And the best defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain's cognitive (认知的) reserve, Daffner says.

“Read books, go to movies, take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways,” he says. In other words, keep your brain busy and working. And also get physically active, because exercise is a known brain booster.

46. Why does the author say that one needn't be concerned about memory slips?

A) Not all of them are symptoms of dementia.

B) They occur only among certain groups of people.

C) Not all of them are related to one's age.

D) They are quite common among fifty-year-olds.

47. What happens as we become aged according to the passage?

A) Our interaction skills deteriorate.

B) Some parts of our brain stop functioning.

C) Communication within our brain weakens.

D) Our whole brain starts shrinking.

48. Which memory-related symptom should people take seriously?

A) Totally forgetting how to do one's daily routines.

B) Inability to recall details of one's life experiences.

C) Failure to remember the names of movies or actors.

D) Occasionally confusing the addresses of one's friends.

49. What should people do when signs of serious memory loss show up?

A) Check the brain's cognitive reserve.

B) Stop medications affecting memory.

C) Turn to a professional for assistance.

D) Exercise to improve their well-being.

50. What is Dr. Daffner's advice for combating memory loss?

A) Having regular physical and mental checkups.

B) Taking medicine that helps boost one's brain.

C) Engaging in known memory repair activities.

D) Staying active both physically and mentally.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

A letter written by Charles Darwin in 1875 has been returned to the Smithsonian Institution Archives (档案馆) by the FBI after being stolen twice.

“We realized in the mid-1970s that it was missing,” says Effie Kapsalis, head of the Smithsonian Insitution Archives. “It was noted as missing and likely taken by an intern (实习生), from what the FBI is telling us. Word got out that it was missing when someone asked to see the letter for research purposes,” and the intern put the letter back. “The intern likely took the letter again once nobody was watching it.”

Decades passed. Finally, the FBI received a tip that the stolen document was located very close to Washington, D.C. Their art crime team recovered the letter but were unable to press charges because the time of limitations had ended. The FBI worked closely with the Archives to determine that the letter was both authentic and definitely Smithsonian's property.

The letter was written by Darwin to thank an American geologist, Dr. Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden, for sending him copies of his research into the geology of the region that would become Yellowstone National Park.

The letter is in fairly good condition, in spite of being out of the care of trained museum staff for so long. “It was luckily in good shape,” says Kapsalis, “and we just have to do some minor things in order to be able to unfold it. It has some glue on it that has colored it slightly, but nothing that will prevent us from using it. After it is repaired, we will take digital photos of it and that will be available online. One of our goals is to get items of high research value or interest to the public online.”

It would now be difficult for an intern, visitor or a thief to steal a document like this. “Archiving practices have changed greatly since the 1970s,” says Kapsalis, “and we keep our high value documents in a safe that I don't even have access to.”

51. What happened to Darwin's letter in the 1970s?

A) It was recovered by the FBI.

B) It was stolen more than once.

C) It was put in the archives for research purposes.

D) It was purchased by the Smithsonian Archives.

52. What did the FBI do after the recovery of the letter?

A) They proved its authenticity.

B) They kept it in a special safe.

C) They arrested the suspect immediately.

D) They pressed criminal charges in vain.

53. What is Darwin's letter about?

A) The evolution of Yellowstone National Park.

B) His cooperation with an American geologist.

C) Some geological evidence supporting his theory.

D) His acknowledgement of help from a professional.

54. What will the Smithsonian Institution Archives do with the letter according to Kapsalis?

A) Reserve it for research purposes only.

B) Turn it into an object of high interest.

C) Keep it a permanent secret.

D) Make it available online.

55. What has the past half century witnessed according to Kapsalis?

A) Growing interest in rare art objects.

B) Radical changes in archiving practices.

C) Recovery of various missing documents.

D) Increases in the value of museum exhibits.

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。如今，随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高，越来越多的中国人包括许多农民和外出务工人员都能乘飞机出行。他们可以乘飞机到达所有大城市，还有很多城市也在筹建机场。航空服务不断改进，而且经常会有廉价机票。近年来，节假日期间选择乘飞机外出旅游的人数在不断增加。

四级部分真题参考答案(完整版)

Part Ⅰ Writing

The Importance of Reading Ability and How to Develop It

As the most frequently used way to get access to the original material, reading has always been considered one of the most important parts of language learning. This explains why reading skills should be highly emphasized.

Then how to improve our reading skills? First of all, scan the material before we begin. Whatever the purpose of our reading is, take a few minutes to look the piece over to check and see how the work is structured and presented. Secondly, try not to reach for the dictionary when we come to a word we don't know. Instead, try to guess the meaning of the word based on the context. Last but not least, write a few sentences to summarize what we've read since it is a way of checking that we understand what we're reading.

Above all, reading has important benefits and can help us learn the language faster and more completely, which encourages each language learner to develop their reading skills as suggested.

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

1. A) The return of a bottled message to its owner's daughter.

2. B) She wanted to honor her father's promise.

3. B) Several cases of Zika disease had been identified.

4. C) It lost a huge stock of bees.

5. A) It stayed in the air for about two hours.

6. C) Inadequate funding.

7. D) It is more environmentally friendly.

8. A) It seems a depressing topic.

9. D) They can't make it to the theatre in time.

10. C) It is the most amusing show he has ever watched.

11. B) Go and see the dance.

12. D) She worries she won't fit in as a transfer student.

13. C) Participate in after-school activities.

14. A) Give her help whenever she needs it.

15. D) She has just transferred to the college.

16. B) To find out which physical drive is the most powerful.

17. A) When they are hungry.

18. C) They prefer to be with other mice.

19. D) It is one of the best in the world.

20. B) To move troops quickly from place to place.

21. A) In the 1970s.

22. B) Messaging while driving.

23. D) A device to ensure people drive with both hands.

24. C) They are alerted with a light and a sound.

25. B) Using a connected app.

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35: EOFCN IKLAJ

36-45: KDMGB LHFJC

46-55: ACACD BADDB

Part IV Translation

In the past, traveling by plane was unimaginable for most Chinese people. Today, with the development of China's economy and the improvement of people's living standards, more and more Chinese people, including many farmers and migrant workers, can travel by air. They can fly to all major cities, and many other cities are also planning to build airports. Air services continue to improve, and there are often cheap flights. In recent years, the number of people choosing to travel by air during holidays has been increasing.

篇3：英语四级历年真题试卷

12月大学英语四级真题试卷一阅读答案及解析

Part III Reading Comprehension

Section A

26. [C] essential

27. [M] suspicion

28. [G] miserable

29. [A] constantly

30. [O] watching

31. [J] records

32. [K] removed

33. [F] load

34. [I] properly

35. [H] pressure

解析：

26题根据上下文得知，此处应该是说人与人之间信任的重要性。很明显答案C. essential符合条件，B选项有可信的意思，看到此选项可能下意识地会选这个答案，但翻译成“信任是可信的”，和主旨无关，此处还是讨论信任的重要性。

29题容易选一个名词比如records和”mistakes”并列，但是后面的选项并没有双引号，后面是一个动词reminding，可以推测前面需要填入副词来修饰reminding，根据语义“要求你做这做那”，可以推出是不断要求，而不是properly恰当地，排除完可以得出constantly.

31题，此处判断应填名词，有同学可能会和pressure弄混淆，但此处并不能得出公司要施加压力。公司出于自我保护和信任问题，对于任何交易记录都会留有根据和存根，这些都是记录，所以答案应该是records,

Section B

36. [G] The Chetty data shows that neighborhoods and places mattered for children born in the San Jose area of the 1980s.

37. [D] The reasons kids in San Jose performed so well might seem obvious.

38. [K] The idea that those at the bottom can rise to the top is central to America's ideas about itself.

39. [B] Indeed, data suggests that this is one of the best places to grow up poor in America.

40. [J] But in today's America-a land of rising inequality

41. [I] Leaders in San Jose are determined to make sure that the city regains its status as a place where even poor kids can access the resources to succeed.

42. [E] Indeed, the streets of San Jose seem, in some ways, to embody the best of America.

43. [C] By contrast, just 4.4 percent of poor kids in Charlotte moved up to the top

44. [H] Some San Jose residents say that as inequality has grown in recent years

45. [F] But researchers aren 't sure exactly why poor kids in San Jose did so well.

解析：

38题干主旨表达的是如果该市的问题不解决将会动摇美国的根本信仰，对应K项中的America's ideas about itself.和foundational belief.可以进行匹配。

41题干第一句该市的官员，可以定位到[I]选项第一句Leaders in San Jose, 且 该句直接表明了目的，就是为了提升贫困孩子触达成功的机会。

42题中的manifest词汇较为生僻，但后面的some of the best features可以理解说的是关于美国最好的几点特质，对应到[E]选项to embody the best of America.

44 题干关键信息是 increases in housing prices，快速浏览后可以定位到[H]项多次提到如Rent，homelessness problem, housing prices等与住房相关的信息

Section C

Passage One

46. [D] They lack the necessary resources to address pupils’ mental problems.

47. [A] They have deteriorated due to budget cuts.

48. [B] At school.

49. [C] Students are more comfortable seeking counselling in school.

50. [D] A change in the conception of what schools are.

解析：

46题A和B选项属于无中生有，C选项说的是学校在实施干预方面举措不利，但是根据原文第二段第二句，how ill-equipped they feel 可以看出主体是老师自己而不是学校，此处是一个偷换概念的陷阱，还是要基于文章的意思判断。

47题的C选项与原文第三段最后一句意义相反;B和D选项也是无中生有，A选项中出现了一个生词，但最后出现的budgets cuts还是可以帮助我们定位到第三段第二句。

49. A和B均属无中生有，D选项则偷换了概念，原文是指学生们更愿意在校内进行心理辅导而不是外面的心理咨询，D选项则替换成了校外活动。

Passage Two

51. [A] To illustrate people’s peculiar shopping behavior.

52. [D] To make customers believe they are getting a bargain.

53. [B] The E conomist’s promotional strategy works.

54. [C] To trap customers into buying the more pricey item.

55. [B] By comparing it with other choices.

解析：

51题的BD选项都属于捏造的信息，C选项具有一定迷惑性，但描述的是表面的信息，并不是作者举例的真实目的，此处挑选饮料本质是想要阐述一种特定购物行为。

52题讨论的是中罐苏打水定价的理由，A选项吸引更多人去买很明显不对，因为中罐苏打水重量减半价格却很贵，同理B项也不符合，C项本文并未提及，属于生造的信息。所以中罐苏打是为了让顾客以同样价格买到更大罐的饮料从而觉得占到便宜。

53 题A选项看似符合常理，但并不是Dan的研究成果内容，属于张冠李戴;C项文中并没有提及是卖的最好的; 最后的D项也偷换了概念，很有迷惑性，研究结果的意思是如果没有纸质加电子版这个选项的话，大部分人还是会选择更便宜的电子版，但和纸质版对比，同样的价格还可以获得电子版，所以人们会更倾向选择print plus digital，而不是digital

篇4：英语四级考试真题试卷

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend whowants to study in China. Please recommend a university to him. You should write atleast 120 words but no more than 180 words.

_______________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

说明：由于12月四级考试全国共考了两套听力, 本套真题听力与前两套内容相同, 只是选项顺序不同, 因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passagewith ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choicesgiven in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You maynot use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Millions of people travel by plane every single day. If you're planning on being one ofthem soon, you might not be looking forward to the __26__ feeling air travel often leavesyou with. Besides the airport crowds and stress, travelling at a high altitude has realefects on the body. Although the pressure of the cabin is __27__ to prevent altitudesickness, you could still __28__ sleepiness or a headache. The lower oxygen pressurefound in an aircraft cabin is __29__ to that at 6,000-8,000 feet of altitude. A drop inoxygen pressure can cause headaches in certain __30__ To help prevent headaches, drink plenty of water, and avoid alcohol and coffee.

Aiplane food might not really be as tateless as you __31__ thought. The air you breathein a plane dries out your mouth and nose, which can affect your sense of taste. Perception of sweet and salty foods dropped by almost 30 percent in a simulation of airtravel. However, you can make your taste buds active again by drinking water. A drymouth may __32__ taste sensitivity, but taste is restored by drinking fluids.

Although in-flight infections __33__ in dry environments like airplanes, your risk ofgetting sick from an airplane is actually low because of the air __34__ used. Unless you're stting next to someone who is coughing or sneezing, you shouldn't worry too muchabout getting sick. However, bacteria have been shown to live on cabin surfaces, sowash your hands __35__.

A) adjusted

B) channels

C) equivalent

D) experience

E) filters

F) frequently

G) individuals

H) originally

I) particular

J) primarily

K) reduce

L) renovated

M) smooth

N) thrive

O) unpleasant

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphsIdentify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose aparagraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questionsby marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

A south Korean city designed for the future takes on a life of its own

A) Getting around a city is one thing -- and then there's the matter of getting from onecity to another. One vision of the perfect city of the future: a place that offers easyaccess to air travel.In , a University of North Carolina business professor namedJohn Kasarda published a book called Aerotropolis: The Way We'll Live Next. Kasardasays future cities should be built intentionally around or near airports. The idea, as hehas put it, is to offer businesses “rapid, long-distance connectivity on a massive scale.”

B) “The 18th century really was a waterborne century, the 19th century a rail century, the 20th century a highway, car, truck century -- and the 21st century will increasinglybe an aviation century, as the globe becomes increasingly connected by air,” Kasardasays.Songdo, a city built from scratch in South Korea, is one of Kasarda's primeexamples. It has existed for just a few years.“From the get-go, it was designed on thebasis of connectivity and competitiveness,” says Kasada. “The government built thebridge directly from the airport to the Songdo International Business District. And thesurface infrastructure was built in tandem with the new airport.”

C) Songdo is a stone's throw from South Korea's Incheon Airport, its main internationalhub. But it takes a lot more than a nearby airport to be a city of the future. Just buildinga place as an “international business district” doesn't mean it will become one. ParkYeon Soo conceived this city of the future back in 1986. He considers Songdo his baby. “I am a visionary,” he says.Thirty years after he imagined the city, Park's baby is closeto 70 percent built, with 36,000 people living in the business district and 90,000 residents in greater Songdo. It's about an hour outside Seoul, built on reclaimed tidalflats along the Yellow Sea. There's a Coast Guard building and a tall trade tower, as wellas a park, golf course and university.

D) Chances are you've actually seen this place. Songdo appears in the most famousmusic video ever to come out of South Korea.“Gangnam Style” refers to the fashionableGangnam district in Seoul. But some of the video was filmed in Songdo.“I don't know ifyou remember, there was a scene in a subway station. That was not Gangnam. That wasactually Songdo,” says Jung Won Son, a professor of urban development at London'sBartlett School of Planning. “Part of the reason to shoot there is that it's new and nice.”

E) The city was supposed to be a hub for global companies, with employees from allover the world. But that's not how it has turned out.Songdo's reputation is as afuturistic ghost town. But the reality is more complicated.A bridge with big, light-blueloops leads into the business district. In the center of the main road, there's a long lineof flags of the world. On the corner, there's a Starbucks and a 7-Eleven -- all of theinternational brands that you see all over the world nowadays.

F) The city is not empty. There are mothers pushing strollers, old women with walkers -- even in the middle of the day, when it's 90 degrees out. Byun Young-Jin chairs theSongdo real estate association and started selling property here when the first phaseof the city opened in . He says demand has boomed in the past couple of years.Mostof his clients are Korean. In fact, the developer says, 99 percent of the homes here aresold to Koreans. Young families move here because the schools are great.And that's theproblem: Songdo has become a popular Korean city -- more popular as a residentialarea than a business one. It's not yet the futuristic international business hub thatplanners imagined. “It's a great place to live. And it's becoming a great place to work,” says Scott Summers, the vice president of Gale International, the developer of the city. The floor-to-ceiling windows of his company's offices overlook Songdo Central Park, with a canal full of kayaks and paddle boats. Shimmering glass towers line the canal’sedge.

G) “What's happened is, because we focused on creating that quality of life first, whichenabled the residents to live here, what has probably missed the mark is for companiesto locate here,” he says. “There needs to be strong economic incentives.”The city is stillunfinished, and it feels a bit like a theme park. It doesn't feel all that futuristic. There'sa high-tech underground trash disposal system. Buildings are environmentally friendly. Everybody's television set is connected to a system that streams personalized languageor exercise classes.

H) But Star Trek this is not. And to some of the residents, Songdo feels hollow.“I'm, like, in prison for weekdays. That's what we call it in the workplace,” says a woman in her20s. She doesn't want to use her name for fear of being fired from her job. She goesback to Seoul every weekend. “I say I'm prison-breaking on Friday nights.”But she has tomake the prison break in her own car. There's no high-speed train connecting Songdo toSeoul, just over 20 miles away.

I) The man who first imagined Songdo feels frustrated, too. Park says he built SouthKorea a luxury vehicle, “like Mercedes or BMW. It's a good car now. But we're waitingfor a good driver to accelerate.”But there are lots of other good cars out there, too. Theworld is dotted with futuristic, high-tech cities trying to attract the biggest internationalcompanies.

J) Songdo's backers contend that it's still early, and business space is filling up -- about70 percent of finished offices are now occupied.Brent Ryan, who teaches urban designat MIT, says Songdo proves a universal principle. “There have been a lot of utopiancities in history. And the reason we don't know about a lot of them is that a lot of themhave vanished entirely.”In other words, when it comes to cities -- or anything else -- it ishard to predict the future.

36. Songdo's popularity lies more in its quality of life than its business attraction.

37. The man who conceived Songdo feels disappointed because it has fallen short ofhis expectations.

38. A scene in a popular South Korean music video was shot in Songdo.

39. Songdo still lacks the financial stimulus for businesses to set up shop there.

40. Airplanes will increasingly become the chief means of transportation, according to aprofessor.

41. Songdo has ended up diferent from the city it was supposed to be.

42. Some of the people who work in Songdo complain about boredom in theworkplace.

43. A business professor says that a future city should have easy access to internationaltransportation.

44. According to an urban design professor, it is difficult for city designers to forescewhat will happen in the future.

45. Park Yeon Soo, who envisioned Songdo, feels a parental connction with the city.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage isread for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passageis read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact wordsyou have just heard. Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you shouldcheck what you have written.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

The fifth largest city in US passed a significant soda tax proposal that will levy (征税)1.5 cents per liquid ounce on distributors.

Philadelphil's new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a newbar for similar initiatives across the country. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks canwin substantial support outside super-liberal areas. Until now, the only city tosuccessfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, California, in .

The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with adder sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas. It's expected to raise $410 million over the next fiveyears, most of which will go toward funding a universal pre-kindergarten program forthe city.

While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents tothe measure, including soda lobbyists, made sharp criticisms and a promise tochallenge the tax in court.

“The tax passed today unfairly singles out beverages — including low —and no-caloriechoices,” said Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association. “Butmost importantly, it is against the law. So we will side with the majority of the people ofPhiladelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it.”

An industry-backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure, characterizing it as a “grocery tax”.

Public health groups applauded the approved tax as step toward fixing certain lastinghealth issues that plague Americans. “The move to recapture a small part of the profitsfrom an industry that pushed a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heartdisease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure beinspirational to many other places,” said Jim Krieger, executive director of HealthyFood America. “indeed, we are already hearing from some of them. It's not 'justBerkeley' anymore.”

Similar measures in California's Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado's Boulderare becoming hot-button issues. Health advocacy groups have hinted that even moremight be coming.

46. What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax in Philadelphia?

A) It will change the lifestyle of many consumers.

B) It may encourage other US cities to fllow suit.

C) It will cut soda consumption among low-income communities.

D) It may influence the marketing strategies of the soda business.

47. What will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda tax proposal?

A) Bargain with the city council.

B) Refuse to pay additional tax.

C) Take legal action against it.

D) Try to win public support.

48. What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda tax proposal?

A) It tried to arouse hostile felings among consumers.

B) It tried to win grocers' support against the measure.

C) It kept sending ltters of protest to the media.

D) It criticized the measure through advertising.

49. What did public health groups think the soda tax would do?

A) Alert people to the risk of sugar-induced diseases.

B) Help people to fix certain long-time health issues.

C) Add to the fund for their rescarch on discases.

D) Benefit low-income people across the country.

50. What do we lear about similar measures concening the soda tax in some other citics?

A) They are becoming rather sensitive issues.

B) They are spreading panic in the soda industry.

C) They are reducing the incidence of sugar-induced diseases.

D) They are taking away a lot of proft from the soda industry.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, and Europe's stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7millioncars, a new study has found, and the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchenappliances becoming “status” users, owners are throwing many microwave after anaverage of eight years. This is pushing sales of new microwave which are expected toreach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the decade.

A study by the University of Manchester worked out the emissions of carbon dioxide -- the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change -- at every stage ofmicrowaves, from manufacture to waste disposal. “It is electricity consumption bymicrowaves that has the biggest impact on the environment,” say the authors, whoalso calculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same asthose from a car. According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption shouldfocus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour to use appliances moreefficiently. For example, electricity consumption by microwaves can be reduced byadjusting the time of cooking to the type of food.“

However, David Reay, professor of carbon management argues that, althoughmicrowaves use a great deal of enery, their emissions are minor compared to those fromcars. In the UK alone and these emit way more than all the emissions from microwavesin the EU. Backing this up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69mtonnes of CO2 in . This is 10 times the amount this new microwave oven studyestimates for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the whole of the EU.” further, the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other form of cooking. Amongcommon kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are the most energyefficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven. Thus, rising microwave salescould be seen as a positive thing.

51. What is the finding of the new study?

A) Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more popular.

B) The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health.

C) CO2 emissions constitute a major threat to the environment.

D) The use of microwaves emits more CO2 than people think.

52. Why are the sales of microwaves expected to rise?

A) They are becoming more afrdabla.

B) They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances.

C) They are gtting much easier to operate.

D) They take less tine to cook than other ppliaces.

53. What recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make?

A) Cooking food of dfferent varieties.

B) Improving microwave users' habits.

C) Eating less to cut energy consumption.

D) Using microwave ovens less frequently.

54. What does Professor David Reay try to argue?

A) There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves.

B) People should be persuaded into using passenger cars less often.

C) The UK produces less CO2 than many other countries in the EU.

D) More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful.

55. What does Professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves?

A) It will become less popular in the coming decades.

B) It makes everyday cooking much more convenient.

C) It plays a positive role in envronmental protection.

D) It consumes more power than conventional cooking.

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chineseinto English. You should write your answer onAnswer Sheet 2.

中国汉族人的全名由姓和名组成。中文姓名的特点是，姓总是在前，名跟在其后。千百年来，父姓一直世代相传。然而，如今，孩子跟母亲姓并不罕见。一般来说，名有一个或两个汉字，通常承载父母对孩子的愿望。从孩子的名字可以推断出父母希望孩子成为什么样的人，或者期望他们过什么样的生活。父母非常重视给孩子取名，因为名字往往会伴随孩子一生。

月四级部分真题参考答案(完整版)

Part I Writing

Hello Tom,

I'm pretty excited to hear that you are going to pursue a postgraduate degree ineconomics in China. If you are still uncertain about which college to apply to, why notgo to Renmin University of China (RUC)?

I recommend it mainly because of its academic reputation. Today, it is widelyrecognized for its strengths in the fields of humanities and social sciences.

The School of Economics often invites distinguished scholars at home and abroad toacademic forums or seminars. You will definitely gain new insights into various economicissues by attending them as a student. Another striking feature of this university is itsvibrant campus life, as evidenced by activities such as Fun Sports Games, schoolorienteering competitions and the annual International Culture Festival. You will findthem all highly enjoyable. Moreover, RUC is conveniently situated close to bus stops andsubway stations, so you can spend your spare time exploring the city of Beiing.

Of course, it's totally up to you. Let me know if you make a final decision. Anyway, welcome to China.

Yours,

Zhang Lei

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35：OADCG HKNEF

36-45：FIDGB EHAJC

46-55：BCDBA DABAC

Part IV Translation

The full name of a Han Chinese consists of a family name and a given name. Adistinctive feature of the Chinese name is that the family name always comes first, followed by the given name. For thousands of years, Chinese family names have beenpassed down through the father. Nowadays, however, it is not uncommon for a child toadopt the mother's family name. Generally, a given name is made up of one or twocharacters, usually carrying the parents' wishes for their child. It can be inferred fromthe name what kind of person the parents want their child to be, or what kind of life theyexpect him or her to lead. Chinese parents attach great importance to the choice of theirchild's name, as the name tends to accompany the child for his or her entire life.

篇5：英语四级历年真题试卷

6月英语四级考试真题试卷

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面

Section A News Report

Directions： In this section， you will hear three news reports。 At the end of each news report， you will hear two or three questions。 Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）， B）， C） and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. A) The majority of drivers prefer to drive and park themselves.

B) Human drivers become easily distracted or tired while driving.

C) Most drivers feel uncertain about the safety of self-driving cars.

D) Most drivers have test driven cars with automatic braking features.

2. A) Their drivers would feel safe after getting used to the automatic devices.

B) They would be unpopular with drivers who only trust their own skills.

C) Their increased comfort levels have boosted their sales.

D) They are not actually as safe as automakers advertise.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A) Thefts of snowmobile dogs in Alaska.

B) A series of injuries to snowmobile drivers.

C) Attacks on some Iditarod Race competitors.

D) A serious accident in the Alaska sports event.

4. A) He stayed behind to look after his injured dogs.

B) He has won the Alaska Iditarod Race four times.

C) He received a minor injury in the Iditarod Race.

D) He has quit the competition in Alaska for good.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. A) It sank into the sea due to overloading.

B) It ran into Nicaragua's Big Corn Island.

C) It disappeared between two large islands.

D) It turned over because of strong winds.

6. A) 13.

B) 25.

C) 30.

D) 32.

7. A) He has helped with the rescue effort.

B) He is being investigated by the police.

C) He was drowned with the passengers.

D) He is among those people missing.

Section B Conversation

Directions： In this section， you will hear two long conversations。 At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions。 Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question。 You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A) At a shopping centre.

B) At a community college.

C) At an accountancy firm.

D) At an IT company.

9. A) Helping out with data input.

B) Arranging interviews.

C) Sorting application forms.

D) Making phone calls.

10. A) He enjoys using computers.

B) He needs the money badly.

C) He wants to work in the city centre.

D) He has relevant working experience.

11. A) Purchase some business suits.

B) Learn some computer language.

C) Improve his programming skills.

D) Review some accountancy terms.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) They are keen on high technology.

B) They are poor at technology skills.

C) They often listen to National Public Radio.

D) They feel superior in science and technology.

13. A) Japanese.

B) Germans.

C) Poles.

D) Americans.

14. A) Emailing.

B) Texting.

C) Science.

D) Literacy.

15. A) It is undergoing a drastic reform.

B) It lays emphasis on creative thinking.

C) It has much room for improvement.

D) It prioritizes training of practical skills.

Section C Passage

Directions： In this section， you will hear three passages。 At the end of each passage， you will hear three or four questions。 Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A) They have small roots.

B) They grow white flowers.

C) They taste like apples.

D) They come from Central Africa.

17. A) They turned from white to purple in color.

B) They became popular on the world market.

C) They became an important food for humans.

D) They began to look like modern-day carrots.

18. A) They were found quite nutritious.

B) There were serious food shortages.

C) People discovered their medicinal value.

D) Farm machines helped lower their prices.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A) She could update her family any time she liked.

B) She could call up her family whenever she liked

C) She could locate her friends wherever they were.

D) She could download as many pictures as she liked.

20. A) She liked to inform her friends about her success.

B) She enjoyed reading her friends' status updates.

C) She felt quite popular among them.

D) She felt she was a teenager again.

21. A) She could barely respond to all her 500 Facebook friends.

B) She spent more time updating her friends than her family.

C) She could barely balance Facebook updates and her work.

D) She didn't seem to be doing as well as her Facebook friends.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A) They have strong muscles.

B) They live a longer life than horses.

C) They eat much less in winter.

D) They can work longer than donkeys.

23. A) It was a pet of a Spanish king.

B) It was bought by George Washington.

C) It was brought over from Spain.

D) It was donated by a U.S. Ambassador.

24. A) They met and exchanged ideas on animal breeding.

B) They participated in a mule-driving competition.

C) They showed and traded animals in the market.

D) They fed mules with the best food they could find.

25. A) The wider use of horses.

B) The arrival of tractors.

C) A shrinking animal trade.

D) A growing donkey population.

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not only your muscles, but also your eyes. Fear not, however, for coffee can stimulate them again. During __26__ exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products. Muscle performance can also be affected by a __27__ called “central fatigue,” in which an imbalance in the body's chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements __28__. It was not known, however, whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not directly __29__ in the exercise itself, such as those that move the eyes. To find out, researchers gave 11 volunteer cyclists a carbohydrate （碳水化合物的）__30__ either with a moderate dose of caffeine （咖啡因），which is known to stimulate the central nervous system, or as a placebo （安慰剂）without, during 3 hours of __31__. After exercising, the scientists tested the cyclists with eye-tracking cameras to see how well their brains could still __32__ their visual system. The team found that exercise reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%, __33__ their ability to capture new visual information. The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was __34__ to reverse this effect, with some cyclists even displaying __35__ eye movement speeds. So it might be a good idea to get someone else to drive you home after that marathon.

A) cautiously B) commit C) control D) cycling E) effectively F) increased G) involved H) limited I) phenomenon J) preventing K) sensitive L) slowing M) solution N) sufficient O) vigorous

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Team spirit

A）Teams have become the basic building blocks of organisations. Recruitment advertisements routinely call for “team players”. Business schools grade their students in part on their performance in group projects. Office managers knock down walls to encourage team building. Teams are as old as civilisation, of course: even Jesus had 12 co-workers. But a new report by Deloitte, “Global Human Capital Trends”，based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high. Almost half of those surveyed said their companies were either in the middle of restructuring or about to embark on （开始）it; and for the most part, restructuring meant putting more emphasis on teams.

B）Companies are abandoning conventional functional departments and organising employees into cross- disciplinary teams that focus on particular products, problems or customers. These teams are gaining more power to run their own affairs. They are also spending more time working with each other rather than reporting upwards. Deloitte argues that a new organisational form is on the rise: a network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy （等级体制）.

C）The fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the old way of organising people is too rigid for both the modern marketplace and the expectations of employees. Technological innovation places greater value on agility（灵活性）. John Chambers, chairman of Cisco Systems Inc., a worldwide leader in electronics products, says that “we compete against market transitions（过渡）, not competitors. Product transitions used to take five or seven years; now they take one or two. ” Digital technology also makes it easier for people to co-ordinate their activities without resorting to hierarchy. The “ millennials” （千禧一代）who will soon make up half the workforce in rich countries were raised from nursery school onwards to work in groups.

D）The fashion for teams is also spreading from the usual corporate suspects (such as GE and IBM) to some more unusual ones. The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised its medical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas; consultants, nurses and others collaborate closely instead of being separated by speciality （专业）and rank. The US Army has gone the same way. In his book, Team of Teams, General Stanley McChrystal describes how the army's hierarchical structure hindered its operations during the early stages of the Iraq war. His solution was to learn something from the rebels it was fighting: decentralising authority to self-organising teams.

E）A good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on a management bandwagon （追随一种管理潮流）, it is time to ask questions. Leigh Thompson of Kellogg School of Management in Illinois warns that, “Teams are not always the answer—teams may provide insight, creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independently cannot; but teamwork may also lead to confusion, delay and poor decision-making. ” The late Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, “I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that it will generate magic, producing something extraordinary ... But don't count on it. ”

F）Hackman （who died in ） noted that teams are hindered by problems of co-ordination and motivation that chip away at the benefits of collaboration. High-flyers （能干的人）who are forced to work in teams may be undervalued and free-riders empowered. Group-think may be unavoidable. In a study of 120 teams of senior executives, he discovered that less than 10% of their supposed members agreed on who exactly was on the team. If it is hard enough to define a team's membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder still.

G）Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to manage. Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture. This is hard to achieve when, as is now the case in many big firms, a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors. Teamwork improves with time: America's National Transportation Safety Board found that 73% of the incidents in its civil-aviation database occurred on a crew's first day of flying together. However, as Amy Edmondson of Harvard points out, organisations increasingly use “team” as a verb rather than a noun: they form teams for specific purposes and then quickly disband them.

H）The least that can be concluded from this research is that companies need to think harder about managing teams. They need to rid their minds of sentimentalism（感情用事）:the most successful teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate action. They need to keep teams small and focused: giving in to pressure to be more “inclusive” is a guarantee of dysfunction. Jeff Bezos, Amazon's boss, says that “If I see more than two pizzas for lunch, the team is too big.” They need to immunise teams against group-think: Hackman argued that the best ones contain “deviant” （离经叛道者）who are willing to do something that may be upsetting to others.

I）A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are “engaged” is to give them more control over where and how they do their work—which may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with others.

J）However, organisations need to learn something bigger than how to manage teams better: they need to be in the habit of asking themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job. Team-building skills are in short supply: Deloitte reports that only 12% of the executives they contacted feel they understand the way people work together in networks and only 21% feel confident in their ability to build cross-functional teams. Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction—employees routinely complain that they can't get their work done because they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisy offices. Even in the age of open-plan offices and social networks some work is best left to the individual.

36.Successful team leaders know exactly where the team should go and are able to take prompt action.

37.Decentralisation of authority was also found to be more effective in military operations.

38.In many companies, the conventional form of organisation is giving way to a network of teams.

39.Members of poorly managed teams are easily distracted from their work.

40.Teamwork is most effective when team members share the same culture.

41.According to a report by Deloitte, teamwork is becoming increasingly popular among companies.

42.Some team members find it hard to agree on questions like membership and the team's purpose.

43.Some scholars think teamwork may not always be reliable, despite its potential to work wonders.

44.To ensure employees' commitment, it is advisable to give them more flexibility as to where and how they work.

45.Product transitions take much less time now than in the past.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Shoppers in the UK are spending less money on toilet paper to save money, research has shown.

Penny-pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters such as Aldi and Lidl rather than luxury alternatives.

This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK. It has shrunk from 1.19 billion pounds in 2011 to 1.12 billion pounds in 2015, according to a new report from market research company Mintel. Furthermore, the future of the market looks far from rosy, with sales expected to fall further to 1.11 billion pounds in .

In the last year alone, despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in the number of households, sales of toilet paper fell by 2%, with the average household reducing their toilet roll spending from 43 pounds in 2014 to 41 pounds in 2015.

Overall, almost three in five people say they try to limit their usage of paper—including facial tissue and kitchen roll—to save money. “Strength, softness and thickness remain the leading indicators of toilet paper quality, with just a small proportion of consumers preferring more luxurious alternatives, such as those with flower patterns or perfume,” said Mintel analyst Jack Duckett. “These extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers, which probably reflects how these types of products are typically more expensive than regular toilet paper, even when on special offer.”

While consumers are spending less on toilet paper, they remain fussy—in theory at least—when it comes to paper quality. Top of Britons' toilet paper wish list is softness (57%) followed by strength (45%) and thickness (36%).

One in 10 buyers rank toilet rolls made from recycled paper among their top considerations, highlighting how overall the environment is much less of a consideration for shoppers than product quality. In a challenge for manufacturers, 81% of paper product users said they would consider buying recycled toilet tissue if it were comparable in quality to standard paper.

46. The market sales of toilet paper have decreased because ______.

A. Britons have cut their spending on it.

B. its prices have gone up over the years.

C. its quality has seen marked improvement.

D. Britons have developed the habit of saving.

47. What does the author think of the future of the tissue paper market in the UK?

A. It will expand in time.

B. It will remain gloomy.

C. It will experience ups and downs.

D. It will recover as population grows.

48. What does Jack Duckett say about toilet paper?

A. Special offers would promote its sales.

B. Consumers are loyal to certain brands.

C. Luxurious features add much to the price.

D. Consumers have a variety to choose from.

49. What do we learn about Britons concerning toilet paper?

A. They are particular about the quality of toilet paper.

B. They emphasize the strength of toilet paper the most.

C. They prefer cheap toilet paper to recycled toilet paper.

D. They reject using toilet paper with unnecessary features.

50. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. More and more Britons buy recycled toilet paper to protect the environment.

B. Toilet paper manufacturers are facing a great challenge in promoting its sales.

C. Toilet paper manufacturers compete with one another to improve product quality.

D. Environmental protection is not much of a concern when Britons buy toilet paper.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

“One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger,” says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.

By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit the right way—by stopping abruptly and completely.

In her study, participants were randomly （随机地）assigned to two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine （尼古丁）patches before they quit, in addition to a second form of nicotine replacement, like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy with a nurse before and after quit day.

Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it—more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support.

And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they'd rather cut down gradually before quitting. “If you're training for a marathon, you wouldn't expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, 'Well, if I gradually reduce, it's like practice,'” says Lindson-Hawley. But that wasn't the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings （瘾）and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that Point. “Regardless of your stated preference, if you're ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective,” says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira. “When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that's compelling. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it,” Ferreira says.

People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of success.

51. What does Lindson-Hawley say about her mother?

A. She quit smoking with her daughter's help.

B. She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly.

C. She was also a researcher of tobacco and health.

D. She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokers.

52. What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley's study?

A. They were given physical training.

B. They were looked after by physicians.

C. They were encouraged by psychologists.

D. They were offered nicotine replacements.

53. How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawley's experiment?

A. It is idealized.

B. It is unexpected.

C. It is encouraging.

D. It is misleading.

54. The idea of “a marathon” (Line 2，Para. 5) illustrates the popular belief that quitting smoking _____.

A. is something few can accomplish

B. needs some practice first

C. requires a lot of patience

D. is a challenge at the beginning

55. What happens when people try to quit smoking gradually?

A. They find it even more difficult.

B. They are simply unable to make it.

C. They show fewer withdrawal symptoms.

D. They feel much less pain in the process.

Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

长江是亚洲最长、世界上第三长的河流。长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。长江流域（river basin）居住着中国三分之一的人口。长江在中国历史、文化和经济上起着很大的作用。长江三角洲（delta）产出多大20%的中国国民生产总值。几千年来，长江一直被用于供水、运输和工业生产。长江上还坐落着世界最大的水电站。

Part Ⅰ Writing

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Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

1. C.Most drivers feel uncertain about the safety of self-driving cars.

2. A.Their drivers would feel safe after getting used to the automatic devices.

3. C.Attacks on some Iditarod race competitors.

4. B.He has won the Alaska Iditarod Race four times.

5. D.It turned over because of strong winds.

6. D.32.

7. B.He is being investigated by the police.

8. C.At an accountancy firm.

9. A.Helping out with data input.

10. B.He needs the money badly.

11. D.Review some accountancy terms.

12. B.They are poor at technology skills.

13. A.Japanese.

14. D.Literacy.

15. C.It has much room for improvement.

16. A.They have small roots.

17. D.They began to look like modern-day carrots.

18. B.There were serious food shortages.

19. A.She could update her family any time she liked.

20. B.She enjoyed reading her friends' status updates.

21. D.She didn't seem to be doing as well as her Facebook friends.

22. A.They have strong muscles.

23. C.It was brought over from Spain.

24. C.They showed and traded animals in the market.

25. B.The arrival of tractors.

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35：OIEGM DCJNF

36-45：HDBJG AFEIC

46-55：ABCAD BDCBA

Part IV Translation

The Yangtze River is the longest in Asia and the third longest in the world. The river, which flows through varied ecosystems along its passage, offers habitats for many endangered species and provides irrigation for 1/5 of China's land. The Yangtze River basin is home to 1/3 of China's population. The river plays a very important role in China historically, culturally and economically. The Yangtze River Delta contributes up to 20% of China's GDP. For millennia, the Yangtze River has been used for water supply, shipment and industrial activities. The world's largest hydropower station is also built on the river.

篇6：英语四级真题试卷及答案

12月英语四级考试真题试卷

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to learn Chinese. Please recommend a place to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面

Section A News Report

Directions： In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. A) The number of male nurses has gone down.

B) There is discrimination against male nurses.

C) There is a growing shortage of medical personnel.

D) The number of nurses has dropped to a record low.

2. A) Working conditions.

B) Educational system.

C) Inadequate pay.

D) Cultural bias.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A) He fell out of a lifeboat.

B) He was almost drowned.

C) He lost his way on a beach.

D) He enjoyed swimming in the sea.

4. A) The lifeboats patrol the area round the clock.

B) The beach is a good place to watch the tide.

C) The emergency services are efficient.

D) The beach is a popular tourist resort.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. A) It climbed 25 storeys at one go.

B) It broke into an office room.

C) It escaped from a local zoo.

D) It became an online star.

6. A) Release it into the wild.

B) Return it to its owner.

C) Send it back to the zoo.

D) Give it a physical checkup.

7. A) A racoon can perform acts no human can.

B) A racoon can climb much higher than a cat.

C) The racoon did something no politician could.

D) The raccoon became as famous as some politicians.

Section B Conversation

Directions： In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once. After you hear a question. You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A) She received a bonus unexpectedly.

B) She got a well-paying job in a bank.

C She received her first monthly salary.

D) She got a pay raise for her performance.

9. A) Two decades ago.

B) Several years ago.

C) Just last month.

D) Right after graduation.

10. A) He sent a small check to his parents.

B) He treated his parents to a nice meal.

C) He took a few of his friends to a gym.

D) He immediately deposited it in a bank.

11. A) Join her colleagues for gym exercise.

B) Visit her former university campus.

C) Buy some professional clothes.

D) Budget her salary carefully.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) He has just too many things to attend to.

B) He has been overworked recently.

C) He has a difficult decision to make.

D) He has just quarreled with his girlfriend.

13. A) Turn to his girlfriend for assistance.

B) Give priority to things more urgent.

C) Think twice before making the decision.

D) Seek advice from his family and advisor.

14. A) His girlfriend does not support his decision.

B) He is not particularly keen on the job offered.

C) He lacks the money for his doctoral program.

D) His parents and advisor have different opinions.

15. A)They need time to make preparations.

B) They haven't started their careers yet.

C) They need to save enough money for it.

D) They haven't won their parents' approval.

Section C Passage

Directions： In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A) Expressing ideas and opinions freely.

B) Enriching social and intellectual lives.

C) Acquiring information and professional knowledge.

D) Using information to understand and solve problems.

17. A) Traveling to different places in the world.

B) Playing games that challenge one's mind.

C) Improving mind-reading strategies.

D) Reading classic scientific literature.

18. A) Participate in debates or discussions.

B) Expose themselves to different cultures.

C) Discard personal biases and prejudices.

D) Give others freedom to express themselves.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A) Why dogs can be faithful friends of humans.

B) The nature of relationships between dogs.

C) The reason a great many people love dogs.

D) How dogs feel about their bonds with humans.

20. A) They behave like other animals in many ways.

B) They have an unusual sense of responsibility.

C) They can respond to humans' questions.

D) They can fall in love just like humans.

21. A) They stay with one partner for life.

B) They have their own joys and sorrows.

C) They experience true romantic love.

D) They help humans in various ways.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A) A rare animal.

B) A historical site.

C) A cow bone.

D) A precious stone.

23. A) Dating it.

B) Preserving it.

C) Measuring it.

D) Identifying it.

24. A) The channel needs to interview the boy.

B) The boy should have called an expert.

C) The boy's family had acted correctly.

D) The site should have been protected.

25. A) Conduct a more detailed search.

B) Ask the university to reward Jude.

C) Search for similar fossils elsewhere.

D) Seek additional funds for the search.

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Finally, some good news about airplane travel. If you are on a plane with a sick passenger, you are unlikely to get sick. That is the __26__ of a new study that looked at how respiratory (呼吸道) viruses __27__ on airplanes. Researchers found that only people who were seated in the same row as a passenger with the flu, for example -- or one row in front of or behind that individual -- had a high risk of catching the illness. All other passengers had only a very __28__ chance of getting sick, according to the findings. Media reports have not necessarily presented __29__ information about the risk of getting infected on an airplane in the past. Therefore, these new findings should help airplane passengers to feel less __30__ to catching respiratory infections while traveling by air.

Prior to the new study, little was known about the risks of getting __31__ infected by common respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, the researchers said. So, to __32__ the risks of infection, the study team flew on 10 different __33__ in the U.S. during the flu season. The researchers found that passengers sitting within two seats on __34__ side of a person infected with the flu, as well as those sitting one row in front of or behind this individual, had about an 80 percent chance of getting sick. But other passengers were __35__ safe from infection. They had a less than 3 percent chance of catching the flu.

A) accurate

B) conclusion

C) directly

D) either

E) evaluate

F) explorations

G) flights

H) largely

I) nearby

J) respond

K) slim

L) spread

M) summit

N) vividly

O) vulnerable

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Is Breakfast Really the Most Important Meal of the Day?

A) Along with old classics like “carrots give you night vision” and “Santa doesn't bring toys to misbehaving children”, one of the most well-worn phrases of tired parents everywhere is that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Many of us grow up believing that skipping breakfast is a serious mistake, even if only two thirds of adults in the UK eat breakfast regularly, according to the British Dietetic Association, and around three-quarters of Americans.

B) “The body uses a lot of energy stores for growth and repair through the night,” explains diet specialist Sarah Elder. “Eating a balanced breakfast helps to up our energy, as well as make up for protein and calcium used throughout the night.” But there's widespread disagreement over whether breakfast should keep its top spot in the hierarchy (等级) of meals. There have been concerns around the sugar content of cereal and the food industry's involvement in pro-breakfast research -- and even one claim from an academic that breakfast is “dangerous”.

C) What's the reality? Is breakfast a necessary start to the day or a marketing tactic by cereal companies? The most researched aspect of breakfast(and breakfast-skipping) has been its links to obesity. Scientists have different theories as to why there's a relationship between the two. In one US study that analysed the health data of 50,000 people over seven years, researchers found that those who made breakfast the largest meal of the day were more likely to have a lower body mass index (BMI) than those who ate a large lunch or dinner. The researchers argued that breakfast helps reduce daily calorie intake and improve the quality of our diet -- since breakfast foods are often higher in fibre and nutrients.

D) But as with any study of this kind, it was unclear if that was the cause -- or if breakfast-skippers were just more likely to be overweight to begin with. To find out, researchers designed a study in which 52 obese women took part in a 12-week weight loss programme. All had the same number of calories over the day, but half had breakfast, while the other half did not. What they found was that it wasn't breakfast itself that caused the participants to lose weight: it was changing their normal routine.

E) If breakfast alone isn't a guarantee of weight loss, why is there a link between obesity and breakfast-skipping? Alexandra Johnstone, professor of appetite research at the University of Aberdeen, argues that it may simply be because breakfast-skippers have been found to be less knowledgeable about nutrition and health. “There are a lot of studies on the relationship between breakfast eating and possible health outcomes, but this may be because those who eat breakfast choose to habitually have health-enhancing behaviours such as regular exercise and not smoking,” she says.

F) A 2016 review of 10 studies looking into the relationship between breakfast and weight management concluded there is “limited evidence” supporting or refuting (反驳) the argument that breakfast influences weight or food intake, and more evidence is required before breakfast recommendations can be used to help prevent obesity.

G) Researches from the University of Surrey and University of Aberdeen are halfway through research looking into the mechanisms behind how the time we eat influences body weight. Early findings suggest that a bigger breakfast is beneficial to weight control. Breakfast has been found to affect more than just weight. Skipping breakfast has been associated with a 27% increased risk of heart disease, a 21% higher risk of type 2 diabetes in men, and a 20% higher risk of type 2 diabetes in women. One reason may be breakfast's nutritional value -- partly because cereal is fortified (增加营养价值) with vitamins. In one study on the breakfast habits of 1,600 young people in the UK, researchers found that the fibre and micronutrient intake was better in those who had breakfast regularly. There have been similar findings in Australia, Brazil, Canada and the US.

H) Breakfast is also associated with improved brain function, including concentration and language use. A review of 54 studies found that eating breakfast can improve memory, though the effects on other brain functions were inconclusive. However, one of the review's researchers, Mary Beth Spitznagel, says there is “reasonable” evidence breakfast does improve concentration -- there just needs to be more research. “Looking at studies that tested concentration, the number of studies showing a benefit was exactly the same as the number that found no benefit,” she says. “And no studies found that eating breakfast was bad for concentration.”

I) What's most important, some argue, is what we eat for breakfast. High-protein breakfasts have been found particularly effective in reducing the longing for food and consumption later in the day, according to research by the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. While cereal remains a firm favourite among breakfast consumers in the UK and US, a recent investigation into the sugar content of 'adult' breakfast cereals found that some cereals contain more than three-quarters of the recommended daily amount of free sugars in each portion, and sugar was the second or third highest ingredient in cereals.

J) But some research suggests if we're going to eat sugary foods, it's best to do it early. One study recruited 200 obese adults to take part in a 16-week-long diet, where half added dessert to their breakfast, and half didn't. Those who added dessert lost an average of 40 pounds more -- however, the study was unable to show the long-term effects. A review of 54 studies found that there is no consensus yet on what type of breakfast is healthier, and concluded that the type of breakfast doesn't matter as much as simply eating something.

K) While there's no conclusive evidence on exactly what we should be eating and when, the consensus is that we should listen to our own bodies and eat when we're hungry. “Breakfast is most important for people who are hungry when they wake up,” Johnstone says. “Each body starts the day differently -- and those individual differences need to be researched more closely,” Spitznagel says. “A balanced breakfast is really helpful, but getting regular meals throughout the day is more important to leave blood sugar stable through the day, which helps control weight and hunger levels,” says Elder. “Breakfast isn't the only meal we should be getting right.”

36. According to one professor, obesity is related to a lack of basic awareness of nutrition and health.

37. Some scientists claim that people should consume the right kind of food at breakfast.

38. Opinions differ as to whether breakfast is the most important meal of the day.

39. It has been found that not cating breakfast is related to the incidence of certain diseases in some countries.

40. Researchers found it was a change in eating habits rather than breakfast itself that induced weight loss.

41. To keep oneself healthy, eating breakfast is more important than choosing what to eat.

42. It is widely considered wrong not to eat breakfast.

43. More research is needed to prove that breakfast is related to weight loss or food intake.

44. Pecople who prioritise breakfasts tend to have lower calorie but higher nutritional intake.

45. Many studies reveal that eating breakfast helps people memorise and concentrate.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Textbooks represent an 11 billion dollar industry, up from $8 billion in . Textbook publisher Pearson is the largest publisher -- of any kind -- in the world.

It costs about $1 million to create a new textbook. A freshman textbook will have dozens of contributors, from subject-matter experts through graphic and layout artists to expert reviewers and classroom testers. Textbook publishers connect professors, instructors and students in ways that alternatives, such as open e-textbooks and open educational resources, simply do not. This connection happens not only by means of collaborative development, review and testing, but also at conferences where faculty regularly decide on their textbooks and curricula for the coming year.

It is true that textbook publishers have recently reported losses, largely due to students renting or buying used print textbooks. But this can be chalked up to the excessively high cost of their books -- which has increased over 1,000 percent since 1977. A restructuring of the textbook industry may well be in order. But this does not mean the end of the textbook itself.

While they may not be as dynamic as an iPad, textbooks are not passive or lifeless. For example, over the centuries, they have simulated (模拟) dialogues in a number of ways. From 1800 to the present day, textbooks have done this by posing questions for students to answer inductively (归纳性地). That means students are asked to use their individual experience to come up with answers to general questions. Today's psychology texts, for example, ask: “How much of your personality do you think you inherited?” while ones in physics say: “How can you predict where the ball you tossed will land?”

Experts observe that “textbooks come in layers, something like an onion.” For an active learner, engaging with a textbook can be an interactive experience. Readers proceed at their own pace. They “customize” their books by engaging with different layers and linkages. Highlighting, Post-It notes, dog-ears and other techniques allow for further customization that students value in print books over digital forms of books.

46. What does the passage say about open educational resources?

A) They contribute to teaching as much as to learning.

B) They don't profit as much as traditional textbooks do.

C) They can't connect professors and students as textbooks do.

D) They compete fercely for customers with textbook producers.

47. What is the main cause of the publishers' losses?

A) Failure to meet student need.

B) Industry restructuring.

C) Emergence of e-books.

D) Flling sales.

48. What does the textbook industry need to do?

A) Reform its structures.

B) Cut its retail prices.

C) Find replacements for printed textbooks.

D) Change its business strategy periodically.

49. What are students expected to do in the learning process?

A) Think carefully before answering each question.

B) Ask questions based on their own understanding.

C) Answer questions using their personal experience.

D) Give answers showing their respective personality.

50. What do experts say about students using textbooks?

A) They can digitalize the prints easily.

B) They can leam in an interactive way.

C) They can purchase custonized versions.

D) They can adapt the material themselves.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

When we think of animals and plants, we have a pretty good way of dividing them into two distinct groups: one converts sunlight into energy and the other has to eat food to make its energy. Well, those dividing lines come crashing down with the discovery of a sea slug (海蛞蝓) that's truly half animal and half plant. It's pretty incredible how it has managed to hijack the genes of the algae (藻类) on which it feeds.

The slugs can manufacture chlorophyll, the green pigment (色素) in plants that captures energy from sunlight, and hold these genes within their body. The term kleptoplasty is used to describe the practice of using hijacked genes to create nutrients from sunlight. And so far, this green sea slug is the only known animal that can be truly considered solar-powered, although some animals do exhibit some plant-like behaviors. Many scientists have studied the green sea slugs to confirm that they are actually able to create energy from sunlight.

In fact, the slugs use the genetic material so well that they pass it on to their future generations. Their babies retain the ability to produce their own chlorophyll, though they can't generate energy from sunlight until they've eaten enough algae to steal the necessary genes, which they can't yet produce on their own.

“There's no way on earth that genes from an alga should work inside an animal cell,” says Sidney Pierce from the University of South Florida. “And yet here, they do. They allow the animal to rely on sunshine for its nutrition. So if something happens to their food source, they have a way of not starving to death until they find more algae to eat.”

The sea slugs are so good at gathering energy from the sun that they can live up to nine months without having to eat any food. They get all their nutritional needs met by the genes that they've hijacked from the algae.

51. What is the distinctive feature of a sea slug?

A) It looks like both a plant and an animal.

B) It converts some sea animals into plants.

C) It lives half on animals and half on plants.

D) It gets energy from both food and sunlight.

52. What enables the sea slug to live like a plant?

A) The genes it captures from the sea plant algae.

B) The mechanism by which it conserves energy.

C) The nutrients it hjacks from other species.

D) The green pigment it inberits from its ancestors.

53. What does the author say about baby sea slugs?

A) They can live without sunlight for a long time.

B) They can absorb sunlight right after their birth.

C) They can survive without algac for quite some time.

D) They can produce chlorophyl on their own.

54. What does Sidney Pierce say about genes fom an alga?

A) They are stolen from animals like the sea slug.

B) They can't function unless exposed to sunlight.

C) They don't usually function inside animal cells.

D) They can readily be converted to sca slug gencs.

55. What do we learn about sea slugs from the passage?

A) They behave the way most plant species do.

B) They can survive for months without eating.

C) They will turn into plants when they mature.

D) They will starve to death without sunlight.

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。和睦的大家庭曾非常令人羡慕。过去四代同堂并不少见。由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。今天，这个传统正在改变。随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。但他们之间的联系仍然很密切。许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈。年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。

月四级部分真题参考答案(完整版)

Part I Writing

Dear Mike,

How's everything going? Last time you said you felt inclined to learn Chinese but had no clue where to start. So I'm writing to recommend a place to you -- the Confucius Institute, an established language center aimed to promote Chinese language and culture.

The reasons for my recommendation are as follows. Firstly, this Chinese government-funded educational institute is staffed by the most experienced, professional Chinese teachers, which ensures high-quality instruction. You can turn to them whenever you encounter difficulties in mastering the tones and the characters. Secondly, students there are encouraged to take part in activities ranging from making traditional food to learning clligraphy, as a means of exposing them to the appealing aspects of Chinese culture. Besides, the organization is now widely embraced by more than two million students. That means you aren' t alone as a beginner and will probably forge deep friendships with other learmers.

Learming a language from scratch won't be easy. But I believe you'll find yourself having fun while improving your Chinese proficiency.

Best wishes,

Li Hua

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

1. A

2. D

3. B

4. C

5. D

6. A

7. C

8. C

9. A

10. B

11. A

12. C

13. D

14. D

15. B

16. D

17. B

18. A

19. B

20. D

21. A

22. C

23. B

24. C

25. A

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35：BLKAO CEGDH

36-45：EIBGD JAFCH

46-55：CDACB DADCB

Part IV Translation

China's family values are related to its cultural traditions. Harmonious extended families used to be very enviable. It was not uncommon in the past for four generations of a family to live under the same roof. According to the tradition, many young people continued to live with their parents after marriage. Today, that tradition is changing. As housing conditions improve, more and more young couples are opting to live apart from their parents. But the connections between them still remain strong. Many old people still help to look after their grandchildren. And young couples take time to visit their parents, especially during important festivals such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival.

篇7：大学英语四级考试真题

Part I Writing

(三十 minutes)

Direction.s: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on parents' role in their children's growth. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Part IIListening Comprehension ( 30 minutes )

SectionA

Directions : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will bea pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C. and D,and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet I with a single line through the centre.

1. A. The woman is the manager's secretary.

B. The man found himself in a wrong place.

C. The man is the manager's business associate.

D. The woman was putting up a sign on the wall.

2. A. He needs more time for the report.

B. He needs help to interpret the data.

C. He is sorry not to have helped the woman.

D. He does not have sufficient data to go on.

3. A. A friend from New York.

B. A message from Tony.

C. A postal delivery.

D. A change in the weather.

4. A. She is not available until the end of next week.

B. She is not a reliable source of information.

C. She does not like taking exams.

D. She does not like psychology.

5. A. He will help the woman carry the suitcase.

B. The woman's watch is twenty minutes fast.

C. The woman shouldn't make such a big fuss.

D. There is no need for the woman to be in a hurry.

6. A. Mary is not so easygoing as her.

B. Mary and she have a lot in conmon.

C. She finds it hard to get along with Mary.

D. She does not believe what her neighborssaid.

7. A. At an information service.

B. At a car wash point.

C. At a repair shop.

D. At a dry cleaner's.

8. A. The woman came to the concert at the man's request.

B. The man is already fed up with playing the piano.

C. The piece of music the man played is very popular.

D. The man's unique talents are the envy of many people.

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9. A. He has taught Spanish for a couple of years at a local school.

B. He worked at the Brownstone Company for several years.

C. He owned a small retail business in Michigan years ago.

D. He has been working part-time in a school near Detroit.

10. A. He prefers a full-time job with more responsibility.

B. He is eager to find a job with an increased salary.

C. He likes to work in a company close to home.

D. He would rather get a less demanding job.

11. A. Sports.

B. Travel.

C. Foreign languages.

D. Computer games.

12. A. When he is supposed to start work.

B. What responsibilities he would have.

C. When he will be informed about his application.

D. What career opportunities her company can offer.

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

13. A. She is pregnant.

B. She is over 50.

C. She has just finished her project.

D. She is a good saleswoman.

14. A. He takes good care of Lisa.

B. He is the CEO of a giant company.

C. He is good at business management.

D. He works as a sales manager.

15. A. It is in urgent need of further development.

B. It produces goods popular among local people.

C. It has been losing market share in recent years.

D. It is well positioned to compete with the giants.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hoar 3 short passages. At tho end of each passage, you will hoar some questions. Both the passage and tho questions will be spoken only once. After youhoar a question, you must choose tho best answer from the four choices marked A, B,C. and D. Then mark tho corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single linethrough tho centre.Passage One

Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A. It is lined with tall trees.

B. It was widened recently.

C. It has high buildings on both sides.

D. It used to be dirty and disorderly.

17. A. They repaved it with rocks.

B. They built public restrooms on it.

C. They beautified it with plants.

D. They set up cooking facilities near it.

18. A. What makes life enjoyable.

B. How to work with tools.

C. What a community means.

D. How to improve health.

19. A. They were obliged to fulfill the signed contract.

B. They were encouraged by the city officials' praise.

C. They wanted to prove they were as capable as boys.

D. They derived happiness from the constructive work.

Passage Two

Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.

20. A. The majority of them think it less important than computers:

B. Many of them consider it boring and old-fashioned.

C. The majority of them find it interesting.

D. Few of them read more than ten books a year.

21. A. Novels and stories.

B. Mysteries and detective stories.

C. History and science books.

D. Books on culture and tradition.

22. A. Watching TV.

B. Listening to music.

C. Reading magazines.

D. Playing computer games.

Passage Three

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

23. A. Advice on the purchase of cars.

B. Information about the new green-fuel vehicles.

C. Trends for the development of the motor car.

D. Solutions to global fuel shortage.

24. A. Limited driving range.

B. Huge recharging expenses.

C. The short life of batteries.

D. The unaffordable high price.

25. A. They need to be further improved.

B. They can easily switch to natural gas.

C. They are more cost-effective than vehicles powered by solar energy.

D. They can match conventional motor cars in performance and safety.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hoar a passage three times. When tho passage is read for tho first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When tho passage is read for tho second time, you are required to fill in tho blanks with tho exact words you have just hoard. Finally, when tho passage is read for tho third time, you should chock what you have written.

My favorite TV. show? “The Twilight Zone. ” I26like the episode called “The Printer'sDevil. ” It's about a newspaper editor who's being27 out of business by a big newspapersyndicate--you know, a group of papers28by the same people.He's about to29when he's interrupted by an old man who says his name is Smith. The editor

is not only offered $ 5,000 to pay off his newspaper's30, but this Smith character also offers hisservices for free. It turns out that the guy operates the printing machine with amazing speed, and soon he's turning out newspapers with31 The small paper is successful again. The editor is32athow quickly Smith gets his stories--only minutes after they happen--but soon he's presented with acontract to sign. Mr. Smith, it seems, is really the devil! The editor is frightened by this news, but he is more frightened by the idea of losing his newspaper, so he agrees to sign. But soon Smith is33the news even before it happens--and it's all terrible--one disaster after another. Anyway, there is a little more to tell, but I don't want to34the story for you. I really like these old episodes of “The Twilight Zone” because the stories are fascinating. They are not realistic. But then again, in a way they are, because they deal with35

Part ill Reading Comprehension(40 minutes} Section A

Directions: In this sectinm, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet

2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage. As a teacher, you could bring the community into your classroom in many ways. The parents and grandparents of your students are resources and36for their children. They can be37teachers of their own traditions and histories. Immigrant parents could talk about their country of38and why they emigrated to the United States. Parents can be invited to talk about their jobs or a community project. Parents, of course, are not the only community resources. Employees at local businesses and staff at community agencies have39information to share in classrooms. Field trips provide another opportunity to know the community. Many students don't have the opporttmity to40concerts or visit museums or historical sites except through field trips. A school district should have41for selecting and conducting field trips. Families must be made42of field trips and give permission for their children to participate. Through school projects, students can learn to be43in community projects ranging from planting trees to cleaning up a park to assisting elderly people. Students,44older ones, might conduct research on a community need that could lead to action by a city council or state government. Some schools require students to provide community service by45in a nursing home, child care center or government agency. These projects help students understand their responsibility to the larger

community.

A. Assets I. joining

B. Attend J. naturally

C. Aware K. observe

D. especially L. origin

E. Excellent M. recruited

F. Expensive N. up-to-date

G. guidelines O. volunteering

H. involved

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Reaping the Rewards of Risk-Taking

A. Since Steve Jobs resigned as chief executive of Apple, much has been said about him as a peerless business leader who has created immense wealth for shareholders, and guided the design of hit products that are transforming entire industries, like music and mobile communications.

B. All true, but let's think different, to borrow the Apple marketing slogan of years back. Let's look at Mr. Jobs as a role model.

C. Above all, he is an innovator (创新者). His creative force is seen in products such as the iPod, iPhone, and iPad, and in new business models for pricing and distributing music and mobile software online. Studies of innovation come to the same conclusion: you can't engineer innovation, but you can increase the odds of it occurring. And Mr. Jobs' career can be viewed as a consistent pursuit of improving those odds, both for himself and the companies he has led. Mr. Jobs, of course, has enjoyed singular success. But innovation, broadly defined, is the crucial ingredient in all economic progress--higher growth for nations, more competitive products for companies, and more prosperous careem for individuals. And Mr. Jobs, many experts say, exemplifies what works in the innovation game.

D. “We can look at and learn from Steve Jobs what the essence of American innovation is,” says John Kao, an innovation consultant to corporations and governments. Many other nations, Mr. John Kao notes, axe now ahead of the United States in producing what are considered the raw materials of innovation. These include government financing for scientific research, national policies to support emerging industries, educational achievement, engineers and scientists graduated, even the speeds of Internet broadband service.

E. Yet what other nations typically lack, Mr. Kao adds, is a social environment that encourages diversity, experimentation, risk-taking, and combining skills from many fields into products that he calls “recombinant mash-ups (打碎重组),” like the iPhone, which redefined the smartphone category. “The culture of other countries doesn't support the kind of innovation that Steve Jobs exemplifies, as America does,” Mr. John Kao says.

F. Workers of every rank are told these days that wide-ranging curiosity and continuous learning are vital to tturiving in the modern economy. Formal education matters, career counselors say, but real- life experience is often even more valuable.

G. An adopted child, growing up in Silicon Valley, Mr. Jobs displayed those traits early on. He wasfascinated by electronics as a child, building Heathkit do-it-yourself projects, like radios. Mr. Jobs dropped out of Reed College after only a semester and traveled around India in search of spiritual enlightenment, before returning to Silicon Valley to found Apple with his friend, Stephen Wozniak, an engineering wizard (奇才). Mr. Jobs was forced out of Apple in 1985, went off and founded two other companies, Next and Pixar, before returning to Apple in and becoming chiefexecutive in .

H. His path was unique, but innovation experts say the pattern of exploration is not unusual. “It's often people like Steve Jobs who can draw from a deep reservoir of diverse experiences that often generate breakthrough ideas and insights,” says Hal Gregersen, a professor at the European Institute of Business Administration.

I. Mr. Gregersen is a co-author of a new book, The Innovator's DNA, which is based on an eight-year study of 5,000 entrepreneurs (创业者. and executives worldwide. His two collaborators and co- authors are Jeff Dyer, a professor at Brigham Young University, and Clayton Christensen, a professor at the Harvard Business School, whose 1997 book The Innovator's Dilemma popularized the concept of “disruptive ( 颠覆性的. innovation. ”

J. The academics identify five traits that are common to the disruptive innovators: questioning, experimenting, observing, associating and networking. Their bundle of characteristics echoes the ceaseless curiosity and willingness to take risks noted by other experts. Networking, Mr. Hal Gregersen explains, is less about career-building relationships than a consistent search for new ideas. Associating, he adds, is the ability to make idea-producing connections by linking concepts from different disciplines.

K. “Innovators engage in these mental activities regularly,” Mr. Gregersen says. “It's a habit for them. ” Innovative companies, according to the authors, typically enjoy higher valuations in thestock market, which they call an “innovation premium (溢价). ” It is calculated by estimating the share of a company's value that cannot be accounted for by its current products and cash flow. The innovation premium tries to quantify ( 量化. investors' bets that a company will do even better in the future because of innovation.

L. Apple, by their calculations, had a 37 percent innovation premium during Mr. Jobs' first term withthe company. His years in exile resulted in a 31 percent innovation discount. After his return, Applee's fortunes inmroved gradv at first, and imp)roved markedly starting in , yielding a 52percent innovation premium since then.

M. There is no conclusive proof, but Mr. Hal Gregersen says it is unlikely that Mr. Jobs could havereshaped industries beyond computing, as he has done in his second term at Apple, without theexperience outside the company, especially at Pixar--the computer-animation (动画制作. studiothat created a string of critically and commercially successful movies, such as “Toy Story” and

N. Mr. Jobs suggested much the same thing during a commencement address to the graduating class atStanford University in 2005. “It turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing thatcould have ever happened to me,” he told the students. Mr. Jobs also spoke of perseverance ( 坚持. and will power. “Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick,” he said. “Don't losefaith. ”

O. Mr. Jobs ended his commencement talk with a call to innovation, both in one's choice of work andin one's life.Be curious, experiment, take risks, he said to the students.His advice wasemphasized by the words on the back of the final edition of The Whole Earth Catalog, which hequoted: “Stay hungry. Stay foolish. ” “And,” Mr. Jobs said, “I have always wished that formyself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. ”

46. Steve Jobs called on Stanford graduates to innovate in his commencement address.

47. Steve Jobs considered himself lucky to have been fired once by Apple.

48. Steve Jobs once used computers to make movies that were commercial hits.

49. Many governments have done more than the US government in providing the raw materials for innovation.

50. Great innovators are good at connecting concepts from various academic fields.

51. Innovation is vital to driving economic progress.

52. America has a social environment that is particularly favorable to innovation.

53. Innovative ideas often come from diverse experiences.

54. Real-life experience is often more important than formal education for career success.

55. Apple's fortunes suffered from an innovation discount during Jobs' absence.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C. and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. Junk food is everywhere. We're eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we're doing andyet we do it anyway.So here's a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lessonfrom alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it's displayed?“Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖症. assume that people consciously and rationallychoose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access tohealthier foods,” note the two researchers. “In contrast,” the researchers continue, “many regulations that don't assume people makerational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance--like food--of whichimmoderate consumption leads to serious health problems. ” The research references studies of people's behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcoholrestrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be pronfising if applied tojunk foods. Among them: Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren't handed out unplanned to all comers but areallotted (分配. based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcoholless easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink. Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. Sowhy not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? Andwhy not limit sale of food in places that aren't primarily food stores? Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cashregisters in gas stations, and in most places you can't buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. Atsupermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they're easily seen. One couldremove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The othermeasures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, andplacing warning labels on the products.

56. What does the author say about junk food?

A. People should be educated not to eat too much.

B. It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.

C. Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.

D. It causes more harm than is generally realized.

57. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?

A. They should be implemented effectively.

B. They provide misleading information.

C. They are based on wrong assumptions.

D. They help people make rational choices.

58. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?

A. Few people are able to resist alcohol's temptations.

B. There are already too many stores selling alcohol.

C. Drinldng strong alcohol can cause social problems.

D. Easy access leads to customers' over-consumption~

59. What is the purpose of California's rule about alcohol display in gas stations?

A. To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.

B. To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.

C. To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.

D. To get alcohol out of drivers' immediate sight.

60. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?

A. Guiding people to make rational choices about food.

B. Enhancing people's awareness of their own health.

C. Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.

D. Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Kodak's decision to file for bankruptcy (破产. protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turningpoint for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the filmmarket for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution. Although many attribute Kodak's downfall to “complacency ( 自满 ),” that explanation doesn'tacknowledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipatedthat digital photography would overtake film--and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in1975--but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditionalfilm business. It wasn't that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at HarvardBusiness School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time thecompany realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot ofmoney trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching to newmarkets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.

Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate

culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fullyembrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Nowtheir history has become a liability.Kodak's downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s broughtnew competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lowerprices for film and photo supplies. Kodak's decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited itssponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.

61. What do we learn about Kodak?

A. It went bankrupt all of a sudden.

B. It is approaching its downfall.

C. It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.

D. It is playing the dominant role in the film market.

62. Why does the author mention Kodak's Invention of the first digital camera?

A. To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.

B. To show its effort to overcome complacency.

C. To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.

D. To show its will to compete with Japan's Fuji Photo.

63. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?

A. They find it costly to give up their existing assets.

B. They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.

C. They are unwilling to invest in new technology.

D. They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.

64. What does the author say Kodak's history has become?

A. A burden.

B. A mirror.

C. A joke.

D. A challenge.

65. What was Kodak's fatal mistake?

A. Its blind faith in traditional photography.

B. Its failure to see Fuji Photo's emergence.

C. Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.

D. Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.

Part IV Translation( 30 minutes )

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

在西方人心目中，和中国联系最为密切的基本食物是大米。长期以来，大米在中国人的饮食中占据很重要的地位，以至于有谚语说“巧妇难为无米之炊”。中国南方大多种植水稻，人们通常以大米为主食；而华北大部分地区因为过于寒冷或过于干燥，无法种植水稻，那里的主要作物是小麦。在中国，有些人用面粉做面包，但大多数人用面粉做馒头和面条。

篇8：大学英语四级听力真题

1. A) The woman should go on playing chess.

B)He is willing to play chess with the woman.

C)The woman has good reason to quit the game.

D)He will give the woman some tips on the game.

2. A) She would like to resume contact withSally.

B)The man can forward the mail to Mary.

C)She can call Mary to take care of the mail.

D)Mary probably knows Sally’s new address

3. A) He did not attend today’s class.

B)His notes are not easy to read.

C)His handwriting has a unique style.

D)He is very pleased to be able to help.

4. A) The new restaurant is a perfect placefor dating.

B)The new restaurant caught her fancy immediately.

C)The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant.

D)The man had better choose another restaurant.

5. A) He will help the woman put thingsaway.

B)He has been looking forward to spring.

C)He has been waiting for the winter sale.

D)He will clean the woman’s boots for spring.

6. A) The woman often works overtime atweekends.

B)The man often lends books to the woman.

C)The man appreciates the woman’s help.

D)The woman is rather forgetful.

7. A) Take a sightseeing trip.

B)Go to work on foot.

C)Start work earlier than usual.

D)Take a walk when the weather is nice.

8. A)Temporary closing has disturbed theairport’s operation

B)The plane is going to land at another airport.

C)All flights have been delayed due to bad weather.

D)The airport’s management is in real need of improvement.

Questions 9 to 12 are based on theconversation you have just heard.

9. A) It specializes in safety from leaks.

B) It is headquartered in London.

C) It has a chemical processing plant.

D) It has a partnership with LCP

10. A) He is a safety inspector.

B) He is Mr. Grand’s friend.

C) He is a chemist.

D) He is a salesman.

11. A) The public relation officer.

B) Head of the personnel department.

C) Mr. Grand’s personal assistant

D) Director of the safety department.

12.A) Send a comprehensive description oftheir work.

B)Provide details of their products and services.

C)Leave a message for Mr. Grand.

D)Wait for Mr. Grand to call back.

Questions 13 to 15 are based on theconversation you have just heard.

13.A) She listened to recordings of manyEuropean orchestras.

B)She read a lot about European musicians and their music.

C)She dreamed of working and living in a European country.

D)She learned playing the violin from a famous French musician.

14. A) She was a pupil of a famous Europeanviolinist.

B) She gave her first performance with her father.

C) She became a professional violinist at fifteen.

D) She began taking violin lessons as a small child.

15. A) It was the chance of a lifetime.

B) It gave her a chance to explore the city.

C) It was a great challenge to her.

D) It helped her learn classical French music.

Section B Passage One

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A) There are mysterious stories behind his works.

B) His personal history is little known.

C) His works have no match worldwide.

D) There are many misunderstandings about him.

17. A) He once worked in a well-known acting company.

B) He moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.

C) He failed to go beyond grammar school.

D) He was a member of the town council.

18. A) People of his time had little interest in him.

B) His works were adapted beyond recognition.

C) Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire.

D) Writers of his time had no means to protect their works.

Passage Two

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A) Theft.

B) Air crash.

C) Cheating.

D) Road accidents.

20. A) Learn the local customs.

B) Have the right documents.

C) Book tickets well in advance.

D) Make hotel reservations.

21. A) Contact your agent.

B) Use official transport.

C) Get a lift if possible.

D) Have a friend meet you.

Passage Three

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A) Cut down production cost.

B) Refine the taste of his goods.

C) Sell inexpensive products.

D) Specialise in gold ornaments.

23. A) At a meeting of top British businesspeople.

B) During a local sales promotion campaign.

C) During a live television interview.

D) At a national press conference.

24. A) Discouraged.

B) Distressed.

C) Puzzled.

D) Insulted.

25. A) He is not laughed at, that laughs at himself first.

B) There should be a limit to one’s sense of humor.

C) He who never learns from the past is bound to fail.

D) The words of some business people are just rubbish.

Section C

Looking at the basic biology systems, the world is not doing very well. Yet economic indicators show the world is (26)_________. Despite a slow start at the beginning of the eighties, global economic output increased by more than a fifth during the (27)_________. The economy grew, trade increased, and millions of new jobs were created. How can biological indicators show the (28)_________ of economic indicators?

The answer is that the economic indicators have a basic fault: they show no difference between resources uses that (29)_________ progress and those uses that will hurt it. The main measure of economic progress is the gross national product (GNP). (30)_________, this totals the value of all goods and services produced and subtracts loss in value of factories and equipment. Developed a half-century ago, GNP helped (31)_________ a common way among countries of measuring change in economic output. For some time, this seemed to work (32)_________ well, but serious weakness are now appearing. As indicated earlier, GNP includes loss in value of factories and equipment, but it does not (33)_________the loss of natural resources, including nonrenewable resources such as oil or renewable resources such as forests.

This basic fault can produce a (34)_________ sense of national economic health. According to GNP, for example, countries that overcut forest actually do better than those that preserve their forest. The trees cut down are counted as income but no subtraction is made for (35)_________ the forests.

篇9：大学英语四级听力真题

Section A

Directions:In this section,you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer,Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. A) He was ordered to clear the apartment by his mother last time.

B) He has not cleared the apartment since his mother's visit.

C) He has cleared the apartment several times since his mother's visiting.

D) He asked his mother to clear the apartment last time.

2. A) They might as well catch the coming bus.

B) They will also miss the next bus.

C) They might as well take the next bus.

D) They hurry up to catch the coming bus.

3. A) She asked for a sick leave because of neck pain.

B) Mrs. Smith will take over her work for several days.

C) She has to do extra work for a few days.

D) Mrs. Smith was too busy to take over her work.

4. A) Change her job.

B) Sell her cafeteria.

C) Plant flowers.

D) Wash dishes.

5. A) He remembered to take the package to the post office.

B) He was told to have something wrong with his mind.

C) He is a deliver man working in the post office.

D) He failed to do what he promised to do.

6. A) The woman has a rule to select horror films.

B) The woman does not like horror films.

C) The woman cares much for horror films.

D) The woman like the film the man mentioned.

7. A) The speakers disagree with each other about love.

B) Love in the woman's eye is happy and sweet.

C) The speakers share a common view on love.

D) Love hurts the man from time to time.

8. A) Preparations for a forum.

B) Preparations for an interview.

C) Preparations for a banquet.

D) Preparations for making chairs.

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9. A) England. B) Scandinavia. C) South America. D) Scotland.

10. A) More women will stay at home.

B) More women will run for higher posts.

C) Marriages will be abolished.

D) More women will work outside the family.

11. A) Spending more time improving women's income.

B) Spending more time changing men's attitudes.

C) Spending more time improving marriage quality.

D) Spend more time changing women's attitudes.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) In a restaurant.

B) In a meeting room.

C) In an office.

D) In a factory.

13. A) He is a salesman of J.R. Motors.

B) He is the boss of the restaurant.

C) He is the Managing Director of J.R. Motors.

D) He is the managing director of the big factory.

14. A) To get a good export agent.

B) To expand the factory.

C) To get a good import agent.

D) To design a new product.

15. A) His family background.

B) His reputation.

C) His designing talent.

D) His determination.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Passage One

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

16. A) How being an identical twin influences one's identity.

B) How twins are born and have the same identity.

C) Why many identical twins make different choices.

D) Why many identical twins don't live near each other.

17. A) They didn't meet each other for 4 months.

B) They grew up in different surroundings.

C) They were separated when they are 39 years old.

D) They all have two wives and two daughters.

18. A) They want to find out the relationship between environment and biology.

B) They want to find out the connection between hobby and personalities.

C) They want to find out the connection between surroundings and personality characteristics.

D) They want to find out the connection between communication and talents.

Passage Two

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A) It isn't one of the cheapest ways of having a holiday.

B) It is the most comfortable ways of spending a holiday.

C) It is the most popular ways of having a holiday.

D) It is an inexpensive way of spending a holiday.

20. A) It is the frame tent for two people.

B) It consists of an inner and an outer tent.

C) It is the kind of the outer tent with a ground sheet.

D) It is comfortable with windows, kitchens and sitting rooms.

21. A) A ground sheet. B) A bedroom extension. C) A kitchen extension. D) A water-proof sheet.

Passage Three

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A) It covers 179 square miles.

B) It is larger than New York City.

C) It is located between France and Italy.

D) It only covers 197 square miles.

23. A) Travelers were easy to reach the country.

B) The living way of the people changed quickly.

C) It has a small number of farmer population.

D) It was cut off from the rest of the world.

24. A) The investment of tourism from its neighboring countries.

B) The lowest import fees for tourists cheapest shopping.

C) The building of roads connecting it with neighboring countries.

D) The permission to visit so many ancient buildings.

25. A) They work in foreign business.

B) They work in the tourist industry.

C) They farm and raise sheep.

D) They work in transportation industry.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Don't take many English courses, they won't help you get a decent job. Sign up for management classes, so you will be ready to join the family business when you graduate. Sound __26__? Many of us have heard suggestions like these __27__ by parents or others close to us. Such comments often seem quite reasonable. Why then? Should suggestions like these be taken with __28__? The reason is they relate to the decisions you should make. You are the one who must 29 their consequences. One of the worst reasons to follow a particular path in life is that other people want you to. Decisions that affect your life should be your decisions. Decisions you make after you've considered various __30__ and chosen the path that suits you best. Making your own decisions does not mean that you should __31__ the suggestions of others. For instance, your parents do have their own unique experiences that may make their advice helpful and having __32__ in a great deal of your personal history. They may have a clear view of your strength and weaknesses. Still, their views are not necessarily accurate. They may still see you as a child __33__ caring and protection. Or they may see only your strength, or in some unfortunate cases they may __34__ only your flaws and shortcomings. People will always be giving your advice, ultimately though, you have to make your own __35__.

篇10：大学英语四级写作真题及

今年六月份的四级已经过去了，不管考了多少分，现在让我们看看它的作文是怎么写的吧!

写作

题目：

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

今年四级时隔九年之后首次考了一道应用文写作，虽然出乎意料，但是大家可以根据题干中的关键词“letter”迅速判断今年要写的是书信。书信本身难度不大，但是需要特别注意英文书信的书写格式。

一、四级书信格式要求

1、抬头：收件人的姓名

2、正文：三段式

3、落款：祝福(yours sincerely)+写信人名

二、感谢信格式模板:

Dear ______,

I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for __________________(感谢的原因). If it had not been for your assistance in __________________(对方给你的具体帮助), I fear that I would have been___________________(没有对方帮助时的后果).

No one would disagree that it was you who___________________________(给出细节).

Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you! Please accept my gratitude. Best wishes.

Yours sincerely，

Li Ming

(注意：抬头的Dear+人名顶格靠左写，后面一定要加逗号!落款yours sincerely和写信人名顶格靠右写，yours sincerely后面也一定要加逗号!Yours sincerely为书信的惯用套话，这个必须得有!)

三、真题解析

再来看看今天第三套试卷的写作。写作要求让自己写一封感谢信来表达你对帮助自己克服困难的朋友的感谢。虽然书信大家可能在复习的时候准备的较少，但其实只要抓住了书信的基本格式，即多了抬头和落款，正文的写作应该较为简单，尤其是第二段，大家可以按照熟悉的原因分析段的方式来写。

1、写作思路：

第一段：表明对朋友的感谢并点题;

第二段：朋友用哪些方式帮我在哪些方面克服了困难

第三段：再次表示对朋友诚挚的感谢并祝愿朋友身体健康。

2、范文：

Dear Tom,

I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for your great help when I failed that vital English interview. If it had not been for your assistance in giving me those brilliant suggestions and warm encouragement, I fear that I would have lost my way.

No one would disagree that it was you who stayed with me and pulled me through the hard time. First and foremost, you told me it is the priority for me to calm down. This is due to the fact that the ability to stay sober and positive made me come up with quite a few ideas to cope with the consequence that failure triggered. Furthermore, you made me learn to analyze my lack of interview skills and find solutions. Plenty of evidence has shown that this work played an indispensable role in my success the next year. Last but not the least, you helped to build my confidence.

Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you! Please accept my gratitude. Best wishes.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

篇11：历年大学英语四级真题

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a Hope elementary school organized by your Student Union.. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)

说明：由于6月四级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Just because they can’t sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn’t mean that animals don’t have culture. There’s no better example of this than killer whales. As one of the most __26__ predators(食肉动物)，killer whales may not fit the __27__ of a cultured creature. However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly __28__ behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.

The word “culture” comes from the Latin “colere,” which __29__ means “to cultivate.” In other words, it refers to anything that is __30__ or learnt, rather than instinctive or natural. Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we live, but also writes itself into our genes, affecting who we are. For instance, having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos of Greenland have developed certain genetic __31__ that help them digest and utilize this fat-rich diet, thereby allowing them to __32__ in their cold climate.

Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different __33__ across the globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet, with an empire that __34__ from pole to pole. As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn different hunting techniques in order to gain the upper hand over their local prey(猎物). This, in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to __35__ that the ability to learn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals’ genetic development.

A) acquired

B) adaptations

C) brutal

D) deliberately

E) expressed

F) extends

G) habitats

H) humble

I) image

J) litereally

K) refined

L) revolves

M) speculate

N) structure

O) thrive

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Living with parents edges out other living arrangements for 18-to 34-year-olds

A) Broad demographic (人口的)shifts is marital status, educational attainment and employment have transformed the way young adults in the U.S. are living, and a new Pew Research Center analysis highlights the implications of these changes for the most basic element of their lives—where they call home. In ,for the first time in more than 130 years, adults ages 18 to 34 were slightly more likely to be living in their parents’ home than they were to be living with a spouse or partner in their own household.

B) This turn of events is fueled primarily by the dramatic drop in the share of young Americans who are choosing to settle down romantically before age 35. Dating back to 1880, the most common living arrangement among young adults has been living with a romantic partner, whether a spouse or a significant other. This type of arrangement peaked around 1960, when 62% of the nation’s 18-to 34-year-olds were living with a spouse or partner in their own household, and only one-in-five were living with their parents.

C) By 2014, 31.6% of young adults were living with a spouse or partner in their own household, below the share living in the home of their parent(s) (32.1%). Some 14% of young adults lived alone, were a single parent or lived with one or more roommates. The remaining 22% lived in the home of another family member (such as a grandparent, in-law or sibling (兄弟姐妹)), a non-relative, or in group quarters like college dormitories.

D) It’s worth noting that the overall share of young adults living with their parents was not at a record high in 2014. This arrangement peaked around 1940, when about 35% of the nation’s 18-to 34-year-olds lived with mom and/or dad (compared with 32% in 2014). What has changed, instead, is the relative share adopting different ways of living in early adulthood, with the decline of romantic coupling pushing living at home to the top of a much less uniform list of living arrangements.

E) Among young adults, living arrangements differ significantly by gender. For men ages 18 to 34, living at home with mom and/or dad has been the dominant living arrangement since , In 2014,28% of young men were living with a spouse of partner in their own home, while 35% were living in the home of their parent(s). Young women, however,are still more likely to be living with a spouse of romantic partner(35%) than they are to be living with their parent(s)(29%).

F) In 2014, more young women (16%) than young men (13%) were heading up a household without a spouse or parther.This is mainly because women are more likely than men to be sigle parents living with their children. For their part, young men (25%) are more likely than young women (19%) to be living in the home of another family member, a non-relative or in some type of group quarters.

G) A variety of factors contribute to the long-run increase in the share of young. Adults living with the parents. The first in the postponement of, if not retreat from, marriage. The average age of first marriage has risen steadily for decades. In addition, a growing share of young adult may be avoiding marriage altogether. A previous Pew Research Center analysis projected that as many as one-in-four of today’s young adult may never marry. While cohabitation(同居)has been on the rise, the overall share of young adults either married or living with an unmarried patner has substantially fallen since 1990.

H) In addition, trends in both employment status and wages have likely contributed to the growing share of young adults who are living in the home of their parent(s), and this is especially true of young men. Employed young men are much less likely to live at home than young men without a job, and employment among young men has fallen significantly in recent decades. The share of young men with jobs peaked around 1960 at 84%. In 2014, only 71% of 18-to-34-year-old men were employed. Similarly with earnings, young men’s wages (after adjusting for inflation) have been on a downward trajectory (轨迹) since 1970 and fell significantly form to . As wages have fallen ,the share of young men living in the home of their parent(s) has risen.

I) Economic factors seem to explain less of why young adult women are increasingly likely to live at home. Generally, young women have had growing success in the paid labor market since 1960 and hence might increasingly be expected to be a be to afford to afford to live independently of their parents. For women, delayed marriage—which is related, in part, to labor market outcomes for men—may explain more of the increase in their living in the family home.

J) The Great Recession (and modest recovery) has also been associated with an increase in young adults living at home. Initially in the wake of the recession, college enrollments expanded, boosting the ranks of young adults living at home. And given the weak job opportunities facing young adults, living at home was part of the private safety net help young adults to weather the economic storm.

K) Beyond gender, young adult’s living arrangements differ considerable by education—which is tied to financial means. For young adults without a bachelor’s degree, as of living at home with their parents was more prevalent than living with a romantic partner. By 2014, 36% of 18-to 34-year-olds who had not completed a bachelor’s degree were living with their parent(s) while 27% were living with a spouse or partner. Among college graduates, in 2014 46% were married or living with a partner, and only 19% were living with their parent(s). Young adults with a college degree have fared much better in the labor market than their less-educated counterparts, which has in turn made it easier to establish their own households.

36.Unemployed young men are more likely to live with their parents than the employed.

37.In 2014, the percentage of men aged 18 to 34 living with their parents was greater than that of their female counterparts.

38.The percentage of young people who are married or live with a partner has greatly decreased in the past three decades or so.

39.Around the mid-20th century, only 20 percent of 18- to 34-year-old lived in their parents’ home.

40.Young adults with a college degree found it easier to live independently of their parents.

41.Young men are less likely to end up as single parents than young women.

42.More young adult women live with their parents than before due to delayed marriage.

43.The percentage of young men who live with their parents has grown due to their decreased pay in recent decades.

44.The rise in the number of college students made more young adults live with their parents.

45.One reason for young adults to live with their parents is that get married late or stay single all their lives.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they’re stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.

So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, it’s not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets.

It’s also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women’s family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren’t more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.

Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate(选民)and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.

As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it’s only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.

46.What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey?

A)They have to do more to distinguish themselves.

B)They have to strive harder to win their positions.

C)They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.

D)They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.

47.What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles?

A)They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.

B)They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.

C)Their failures may have something to do with family duties.

D)Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement.

48.What is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent survey?

A)Personality traits.

B)Family responsibilities.

C)Gender bias.

D)Lack of vacancies.

49.What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future?

A)More and more women will sit in the boardroom.

B)Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.

C)The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.

D)People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders.

50.What do most Americans expect to see soon on America’s political stage?

A)A woman in the highest position of governmen.

B)More and more women actively engaged in politics.

C)A majority of women voting for a female president.

D)As many women in top government positions as men.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining. 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries 1914 and 2014.

The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Larvian women. Meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.

James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. “An individual’s genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role,” he added.

A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. “Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy,” he said. “This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease among taller people.”

But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.

“One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s,” said Alexander Moradi of the Universith of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.

Bentham believe the global rtend of increasing height has important implications. “How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in,” he said. “If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come.”

51.What does the global study tell us about people’s height in the last hundred years?

A)There is a remarkable difference across continents.

B)There has been a marked increase in most countries.

C)The increase in people’s height has been quickening.

D)The increase in women’s height is bigger than in men’s.

52. What does James Bentham say about genetics in the increase of people’s height?

A)It counts less than generally thought.

B)It outweighs nutrition and healthcare.

C)It impacts more on an individual than on population.

D)It plays a more significant role in females than in males.

53. What does Elio Riboli say about taller people?

A)They tend to live longer.

B)They enjoy an easier life.

C)They generally risk fewer fatal diseases.

D)They have greater expectations in life.

54.What do we learn about 18-year-olds in Uganda and Niger?

A)They grow up slower than their peers in other countries.

B)They are actually shorter than their earlier generations.

C)They find it hard to bring their potential into full play.

D)They have experienced many changes of government

55.What does James Bentham suggest we do?

A)Watch closely the global trend in children’s development.

B)Make sure that our children grow up to their full height.

C)Try every means possible to improve our environment.

D)Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment.

Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明。在唐代，人们用红灯笼来庆祝安定的生活。从那时起，灯笼在中国的许多地方流行起来。灯笼通常用色彩鲜艳的薄纸制作，形状和尺寸各异。在中国传统文化中，红灯笼象征生活美满和生意兴隆，通常在春节、元宵节和国庆等节日期间悬挂。如今，世界上许多其他地方也能看到红灯笼。

篇12：大学英语四级历年真题

大学英语四级历年真题

四级写作

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a local farm organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

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四级听力

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面

Section A News Report

Directions： In this section， you will hear three news reports。 At the end of each news report， you will hear two or three questions。 Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）， B）， C） and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. A) He set a record by swimming to and from an island.

B) He celebrated his ninth birthday on a small island.

C) He visited a prison located on a faraway island.

D) He swam around an island near San Francisco.

2. A) He doubled the reward.

B) He cheered him on all the way.

C) He set him an example.

D) He had the event covered on TV.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A) To end the one-child policy.

B) To encourage late marriage.

C) To increase working efficiency.

D) To give people more time to travel.

4. A) They will not be welcomed by young people.

B) They will help to popularize early marriage.

C) They will boost China's economic growth.

D) They will not come into immediate effect.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. A) Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.

B) Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.

C) A new company to clean up the mess after parties.

D) Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.

6. A) It takes a lot of time to prepare.

B) It leaves the house in a mess.

C) It makes party goers exhausted.

D) It creates noise and misconduct.

7. A) Hire an Australian lawyer.

B) Visit the U.S. and Canada.

C) Settle a legal dispute.

D) Expand their business.

Section B Conversation

Directions： In this section， you will hear two long conversations。 At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions。 Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question。 You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A) He had a driving lesson.

B) He got his driver's license.

C) He took the driver's theory exam.

D) He passed the driver's road test.

9. A) He was not well prepared.

B) He did not get to the exam in time.

C) He was not used to the test format.

D) He did not follow the test procedure.

10. A) They are tough.

B) They are costly.

C) They are helpful.

D) They are too short.

11. A) Pass his road test the first time.

B) Test-drive a few times on highways.

C) Find an experienced driving instructor.

D) Earn enough money for driving lessons.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) Where the woman studies.

B) The acceptance rate at Leeds.

C) Leed's tuition for international students.

D) How to apply for studies at a university.

13. A) Apply to an American university.

B) Do research on higher education.

C) Perform in a famous musical.

D) Pursue postgraduate studies.

14. A) His favorable recommendations.

B) His outstanding musical talent.

C) His academic excellence.

D) His unique experience.

15. A) Do a master's degree.

B) Settle down in England.

C) Travel widely.

D) Teach overseas.

Section C Passage

Directions： In this section， you will hear three passages。 At the end of each passage， you will hear three or four questions。 Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A) They help farmers keep diseases in check.

B) Many species remain unknown to scientists.

C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans.

D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.

17. A) They are larger than many other species.

B) They can cause damage to people's homes.

C) They can survive a long time without water.

D) They like to form colonies in electrical units.

18. A) Deny them access to any food.

B) Keep doors and windows shut.

C) Destroy their colonies close by.

D) Refrain from eating sugary food.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A) The function of the human immune system.

B) The cause of various auto-immune diseases.

C) The viruses that may infect the human immune system.

D) The change in people's immune system as they get older.

20. A) Report their illnesses.

B) Offer blood samples.

C) Act as research assistants.

D) Help to interview patients.

21. A) Strengthening people's immunity to infection.

B) Better understanding patients' immune system.

C) Helping improve old people's health conditions.

D) Further reducing old patients' medical expenses.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A) His students had trouble getting on with each other.

B) A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.

C) His students were struggling to follow his lessons.

D) A group of kids were playing chess after school.

23. A) Visit a chess team in Nashville.

B) Join the school's chess team.

C) Participate in a national chess competition.

D) Receive training for a chess competition.

24. A) Most of them come from low-income families.

B) Many have become national chess champions.

C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes.

D) Many became chess coaches after graduation.

25. A) Actions speak louder than words.

B) Think twice before taking action.

C) Translate their words into action.

D) Take action before it gets too late.

四级阅读

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has __26__ from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming to life.

In a __27__ to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced __28__ that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road.

“Michigan's __29__ in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to __30__ our leadership in transportation. We can't let that happen,” says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead __31__ of four bills recently introduced.

If all four bills pass as written, they would __32__ a substantial update of Michigan's 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturers would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self- driving cars on cross-state road trips, and even set up on-demand __33__ of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.

Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of self-driving technology. In __34__ , California, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far more __35__ rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and ban commercial use of self-driving technology.

A) bid

B) contrast

C) deputy

D) dominance

E) fleets

F) knots

G) legislation

H) migrated

I) replace

J) represent

K) restrictive

L) reward

M) significant

N) sponsor

O) transmitted

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

How Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100

A) Today in the United States there are 72,000 centenarians (百岁老人). Worldwide, probably 450,000. If current trends continue, then by 2050 there will be more than a million in the US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers, 50% of babies born in the US in 2007 have a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada, and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live to 107.

B) Understandably, there are concerns about what this means for public finances given the associated health and pension challenges. These challenges are real, and society urgently needs to address them. But it is also important to look at the wider picture of what happens when so many people live for 100 years. It is a mistake to simply equate longevity (长寿) with issues of old age. Longer lives have implications for all of life, not just the end of it.

C) Our view is that if many people are living for longer, and are healthier for longer, then this will result in an inevitable redesign of work and life. When people live longer, they are not only older for longer, but also younger for longer. There is some truth in the saying that “70 is the new 60” or “40 the new 30.” If you age more slowly over a longer time period, then you are in some sense younger for longer.

D) But the changes go further than that. Take, for instance, the age at which people make commitments such as buying a house, getting married, having children, or starting a career； These are all fundamental commitments that are now occurring later in life. In 1962, 50% of Americans were married by age 21. By 2014, that milestone (里程碑) had shifted to age 29.

E) While there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one factor is surely a growing realization for the young that they are going to live longer. Options are more valuable the longer they can be held. So if you believe you will live longer, then options become more valuable, and early commitment becomes less attractive. The result is that the commitments that previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed, and new patterns of behavior and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.

F) Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement, and not only for financial reasons. Yes, unless people are prepared to save a lot more, our calculations suggest that if you are now in your mid-40s, then you are likely to work until your early 70s; and if you are in your early 20s, there is a real chance you will need to work until your late 70s or possibly even into your 80s. But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty years of potential inactivity is harmful to cognitive (认知的) and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.

G) And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing. Just lengthening that second stage of full-time work may secure the financial assets needed for a 100-year life, but such persistent work will inevitably exhaust precious intangible assets such as productive skills, vitality, happiness, and friendship.

H) The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot of education, administered in childhood and early adulthood, will be able to support a sustained, 60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of technological change, either your skills will become unnecessary, or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will, at some point in their life, have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.

I) It seems likely, then’ that the traditional three-stage life will evolve into multiple stages containing two, three, or even more different careers. Each of these stages could potentially be different. In one the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement, in another on creating a better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understanding options more fully, or becoming an independent producer, yet another on making a social contribution. These stages will span sectors, take people to different cities, and provide a foundation for building a wide variety of skills.

J) Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals (休假) as people find time to rest and recharge their health, re-invest in their relationships, or improve their skills. At times, these breaks and transitions will be self-determined, at others they will be forced as existing roles, firms, or industries cease to exist.

K) A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your career, but also in your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions, while a multi-stage life has many. That is why being self-aware, investing in broader networks of friends, and being open to new ideas will become even more crucial skills.

L) These multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people simply because there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean more possible sequences.

M) With this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. In a three-stage life, people leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend to start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time, and then move into retirement within a few years of each other. In a multi-stage life, you could be an undergraduate at 20, 40, or 60; a manager at 30, 50, or 70; and become an independent producer at any age.

N) Current life structures, career paths, educational choices, and social norms are out of tune with the emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three-stage life of full-time education, followed by continuous work, and then complete retirement may have worked for our parents or even grandparents, but it is not relevant today. We believe that to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for longer. It is about living longer, being older later, and being younger longer.

36. An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers than now.

37. Just extending one's career may have both positive and negative effects.

38. Nowadays, many Americans have on average delayed their marriage by some eight years.

39. Because of their longer lifespan? young people today no longer follow the pattern of life of their parents or grandparents.

40. Many more people will be expected to live over 100 by the mid-21st century.

41. A longer life will cause radical changes in people's approach to life.

42. Fast technological change makes it necessary for one to constantly upgrade their skills.

43. Many people may not want to retire early because it would do harm to their mental and emotional well-being.

44. The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life.

45. People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrange their work and life.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

In the classic marriage vow (誓约), couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife—not the husband— becomes seriously ill.

“Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce,” said researcher Amelia Karraker.

Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.

The researchers examined how the onset (发生) of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence of new chronic (慢性的) illness onset increased over time as well, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems.

“We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness,” Karraker said. “They're more likely to be widowed, and if they're the ones who become ill, they're more likely to get divorced.”

While the study didn't assess why divorce is more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. “Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving may make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses,” Karraker said. “And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women.”

Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce.

“Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages,” she said. “But it's also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs.”

46. What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?

A) They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.

B) They are as binding as they used to be.

C) They are not taken seriously any more.

D) They may help couples tide over hard times.

47. What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?

A) They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.

B) They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.

C) They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.

D) They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.

48. What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?

A) They are more likely to be widowed.

B) They are more likely to get divorced.

C) They are less likely to receive good care.

D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.

49. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?

A) They are more accustomed to receiving care.

B) They find it more important to make money for the family.

C) They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.

D) They expect society to do more of the job.

50. What does Karraker think is also important?

A) Reducing marital stress on wives.

C) Providing extra care for divorced women.

B) Stabilizing old couples' relations.

D) Making men pay for their wives, health costs.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling's (兄弟姐妹的) name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less?

Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive (认知的) error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.

The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition, found that the “wrong” name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, “but it does tell us who's in and who's out of the group.”

The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.

The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them—family or friend—had called them by another person's name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.

In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their children more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.

51. How might people often feel when they were misnamed?

A) Unwanted.

B) Unhappy.

C) Confused.

D) Indifferent.

52. What did David Rubin's research find about misnaming?

A) It is related to the way our memories work.

B) It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.

C) It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.

D) It often causes misunderstandings among people.

53. What is most likely the cause of misnaming?

A) Similar personality traits.

B) Similar spellings of names.

C) Similar physical appearance.

D) Similar pronunciation of names.

54. What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming?

A) It more often than not hurts relationships.

B) It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.

C) It is most frequently found in extended families.

D) It most often occurs within a relationship group.

55. Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers?

A) They suffer more frustrations.

B) They become worn out more often.

C) They communicate more with their children.

D) They generally take on more work at home.

四级翻译

Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

舞狮作为中国传统民间表演已有2000多年历史。在狮子舞中，两位表演者同披一件狮子服，一个舞动头部，另一个舞动身体和尾巴。他们熟练配合，模仿狮子的各种动作。狮子是兽中之王，象征幸福和好运，所以人们通常在春节和其他节日期间表演狮子舞。狮子舞也可能出现在其他重要场合，如商店开业和结婚典礼，往往吸引许多人观赏。

四级答案

2019年6月四级部分真题参考答案(完整版)

Part Ⅰ Writing

A Visit to Guangming Farm Opens Students' Eyes

Sponsored by the Student Union, a total of 30 students paid a visit to Guangming Farm, a local farm 50 kilometers away from our university on June 8, 2019.

Guangming Farm is a state-owned farm mainly planting crops such as wheat and corn and producing milk and dairy products. During this visit, students saw the grand farmland and were deeply Impressed by the modern agricultural technology and the completely automotive operation of wheat harvest in particular. The trip culminated in a visit to a manufacturing process of dairy products. Mary, a student from the Department of Foreign Languages, said at the thought of agriculture, what occurred to her was the images of sweating peasants laboring in their field under the Sun. However, this trip totally changed her stereotype of Chinese agriculture.

The trip of fieldwork deepens college students' understanding of the rapid social development by what they have witnessed in person, and will exert an ever-lasting influence upon their future study and work.

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

1. A

2. A

3. B

4. D

5. C

6. B

7. D

8. C

9. A

10. B

11. A

12. C

13. D

14. B

15. D

16. C

17. B

18. A

19. D

20. B

21. C

22. D

23. C

24. A

25. B

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35：HAGDI NJEBK

36-45：IGDNA KHFMC

46-55：ADBAC BADDC

Part IV Translation

The lion dance has been a traditional Chinese folk art for more than 2000 years. In the lion dance, two performers share a lion costume, one moving the head and the other moving the body and tail. They skillfully cooperate to imitate the various movements of a lion. As the king of beasts, the lion symbolizes happiness and good luck, so people usually perform lion dances during the Spring Festival and other festivals. Lion dances can also be seen on other important occasions, such as store openings and wedding ceremonies, which often attract many people to watch.

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