以下是小编整理的高中学生英语阅读理解方法,本文共6篇,欢迎阅读分享,希望对您有所帮助。

篇1:高中学生英语阅读理解方法
高中学生英语阅读理解方法是什么
1.细节题型
【提问方式】Wh-特殊问句; From the text...,According to...,True/not true,划线词语、句子,简单计算、排列事件顺序、识图等。
【解题方法】抓住提问中的关键字眼,仔细阅读相关细节的材料内容,一般可以在短文中直接找到或稍加归纳就可以找到正确答案。
注意排除下列干扰项:
(1)扩缩范围
文章为了表达得准确严密,很注意对范围的限定。有的是通过加上相应的词语限制,如涉及到数量时常用many,almost all,nearly,more than,over,only a few,normally等限制.有些干扰项是通过改变或去掉限定词语,甚至是扩大或缩小了语言范围。
(2)偷换概念
命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。
(3)正误并存
在一干扰项中,某个句子或词语是正确的,其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面,正误并存,命题者借此以假乱真。要排除这类干扰项,只要一个选项局部有误或选项不全面,都属排除的干扰项。
2.主旨大意题型
【提问方式】What' s the topic/subject of the text/the second paragraph?
What is stated in...? The text is cheifly concerned with___。
【解题方法】
(1)最常用的方法是仔细研读短文的1、2两句-----即短文的主题句,或辅以阅读各段的第1、2句----即段落中心句。此方法多适用于说明文、议论文。
(2)记叙文等需要通读全文,抓住关键事或论题来归纳意思(常说明一个道理)。
(3)全文末尾(段)找答案。此类文章的特点是以列举事实开头,通过论证,最后阐述核心观点。
在处理文章标题的选择时,要避免下列三种错误:①概括不够(多表现为部分代整体,从而导致范围太小);②过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围);③以事实或细节代替抽象具体的大意。
3.推理判断题型
【提问方式】
The story suggests that___________. It can be inferred that___________。
The story implies that ___________. It can be concluded that ___________。
We can learn that___________。
【解题方法】推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。学生不仅要弄懂文章的字面意思,更重要的是要知道文章的潜在涵义。
【注意点】
(1)那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选,要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。
(2)推理不是凭空猜测,而是立足已知推断未知;作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。
(3)不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法;不要脱离原文主观臆断。
4.词义猜测题
①利用构词法猜词;
②利用语境及逻辑关系猜词。有时完全可以利用上下文语境和前后句之间的并列、因果、转折、对比、解释定义和举例等关系来猜测词义。同时特别留心某些词语,
例如:or, that is, in other words, including, although, but, or, even if, on the other hand, on the contrary, other than, rather than, more than, instead of等词语之后的内容。
英语阅读理解满分攻略
1.立足课文教学,训练阅读思维
通过以上对高考英语阅读理解题的分析,可以看出高考英语命题的趋势是“突出能力,侧重思维”。着重考查学生的观察、分析、对比、联想和判断等思维能力。所以,教学中我们应充分利用课文内容,对学生进行有效的阅读训练,提高其阅读能力。包括对文章中字词句的表层理解(包括辨认词义、句法结构等)以及对文章的结构、主旨进行分析与逻辑判断。从而深刻理解全文,并在此基础上引导站在新的高度上再读课文,领会文章中事件的背景和结局、主要人物的评析和作者的观点意图等。
2.拓宽英语阅读空间
尽管与以往相比,目前高中英语教科书所提供的阅读量有较大幅度的增加,但离大纲的要求还相距甚远,仅限于课文的阅读教学是远远不够的。所以,教师要精心选择、补充阅读材料,以拓宽阅读内容视角,增加阅读量。选择体裁多样(如叙述、描写、应用、说明、议论等文体皆可)、题材广泛(如社会政治经济、日常生活、史地常识、科普文章等)、篇幅适当、内涵丰富、难度适中的阅读材料。特别是具有时代感,异国文化背景浓厚的作品、科技动态、时事新闻等方面的文章,以获取新信息,增长新知识,形成新思维,以有利于语言知识的运用和阅读理解分析题的解答。
3.讲究阅读方法,掌握阅读技巧
高考阅读理解题内容多,时间紧,不仅需要学生具备扎实的基础知识,而且还需要较快的阅读速度。所以,阅读的方法和技巧就显得非常重要。依据前面对高考英语阅读理解题的分析,我们在平时的教学和训练中,必须重视阅读的方法和技巧的生成。如引导学生寻找主题句;养成辨认和记忆具体事实、重要细节的习惯;学会运用构词法、语境等推测关键词义;利用语法过渡词、语气转折词及时态等,把握文章脉络,进行逻辑推理和判断等。
篇2:英语阅读理解方法
英语阅读理解方法是什么
知己知彼:弄清命题理念
要知道做题的秘诀,首先要知道命题人的思想。高考的目的就是分个等级,把大家区别开来,所以在能够区别的地方设置题目“为难”大家。因此命题老师会挖空心思来出题。高考英语阅读选中择题答案就两种:right or wrong。题支命题的构成方式就是“干扰+陷阱”,陷阱就是下面的错误类型。掌握了操作技巧,做阅读理解既迅速又正确。做题技巧归纳起来就是:找出“right answer”,毙掉“wrong answers'。
做题四部曲:步骤1-4
做题步骤很重要!英语非常牛的人,先后顺序影响不大,但不要相信你非常牛。可能大家有自己的做题习惯与步骤,但是这里推荐的步骤为:读阅读题题干并勾关键词——读题支并勾关键词——读文章勾出对应的句子——返回问题,选出答案。具体操作见图。步骤很重要,能够提高做题的正确率和效率。
例如:以英语高考全国卷A篇阅读理解为例。第一步:读36题题干“What dose the author say about doctors in general?”——勾出黑体字的关键词”;第二步:读题支“A.They like flying by themselves.B.They are unwilling to take advice. C.They pretend to be good pilots.D.They are quick learners of CRM——勾出这里标记的黑字体关键词,如法炮制完成36-39题;第三步:阅读文章(文章见图片)——勾出文章中与题干、题支像匹配、类似的词语、句子,如“Doctor、don't listen 、CRM”等;第四步:返回到题中,将题支中的句子与文章中对应的句子对比,得出答案。如果还没清楚,请看图片。
英语阅读理解错误答案的特征
无中生有:
顾名思义,就是文章中没有写,但题支中却出现了。绝大多数情况下,这种题支就是是错误的,因为文章没有提及。这种考题较常见于简单的模拟考试、出题简单的省份。但是有2种情况下是正确的:推理的+归纳的,具体解释见第三部分“正确答案的特征”。
例如:全国卷中,A篇阅读理解中,A答案关键词含“like flying”,而文中根本未提到like,就连近义词enjoy/love等都没有;D答案中关键词“quick learners ”,对应的句子中就没有提及quick,就连同义词fast/rapid都没出现,同理C答案也一样。所以遇到这种无中生有的答案可以:直接判为错误答案!
超前判断:
所谓超前判断指的是文章中还没有得出结果,明确得出结论,在题支中就得出了结论/结果,弄错时态,把现在的说成将来的,把过去的说成现在的,把将来完成的说成现在完成的,把可能的说成已经的等不一而足。当然别把它和推理出来的答案搞混了,推理归纳的见后面详解。
例如:2013高考英语上海卷C篇73题问的是“It can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4 that therobotic fly _____”,D答案是“has been put into wide application”,而文中对应的句子为“so that it might someday perform…”。所以遇到超前判断的答案可以:直接判为错误答案!
喧宾夺主:
喧宾夺主也就是主次颠倒,没有弄清主次关系。通俗讲,就是在阅读理解中,对于问题中的题支,能够在文中找到相对应的部分或者是句子,但是只有一个是最主要的,其他表述都是次要的,这个主要的就是围绕问题展开叙述的。这种类型的错误常见于:归纳短文意思、给短文选择最适合的标题等类型的问题中。
例如:2013英语上海卷C篇75题,问题是:“Which of the following might be the best title of thepassage?”,题支为:A.Father of Robotic Fly B.Inspiration from Engineering Science C. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect D. Harvard Breaks Through in Insect Study。根据文章每个答案都有提及,看起来都好像是正确的。通过文章,找出原来是围绕Robotic和life来讲的,这就是最主要的主体,因此正确。而A中father、B中Inspiration、D中Breaks Through都只是辅助部分甚至没提到。所以遇到喧宾夺主的答案可以:直接判为错误答案!
答非所问:
这个相比大家都懂了,人家问西你答东。题支中的回答和题干不相符。这种问题应该是最简单的,相信不少人火眼晶晶就能够看出来。比较准确地说是就是不相关。由于高考想区别出等级,所以需要难度,这种类型的题就比较少了,最为常见于初中英语题中以及高中平时模拟练习中。
例如:比如2013高考山东卷73题B答案。问题是“For what purpose did Pearson start the advertisingcampaign?”,答案中为“A. To build a good relationship with the public B. To stress the unusual tradition of Sparrow C. To lean about customers; ”B、C答案关键词为unusual tradition、customers,文中并没有围绕这个来说(当然这里这个例子是不够精确)。所以遇到答非所问的答案可以:直接判为错误答案!
强加因果:
强加因果就是本来两件事情就没有因果关系,却在题支中说出两个的因果关系,这都是错误的题支。这种类型的错误是比较少见的,但是一旦出现,不容易发现,尤其是逻辑性比较强的问题。应对方法是,对于有因果叙述的问题,需要自习推敲一下,看看是否是真的有因果关系。
例如:文章中讲了全球气候变暖( global warming),文章中可能讲乱砍乱伐、汽车尾气、燃烧秸秆等等问题,在问题中,问你造成全球变暖是由什么造成的,题支中给你一个选项就是乱砍乱伐,可能你就会想:乱砍乱伐——树木减少——光合作用减少——二氧化碳消耗减少——大气中热、二氧化碳增多——所以全球气候变换,这就是典型的想多了! 所以遇到这种强加因果的答案可以:直接判为错误答案!
颠倒是非:
把肯定的说成否定,把否定的说成肯定,这种类型的错误还是比较容易看出来的。但是如果通过同义转换,就不是很好看出来了。或者是把不是很明确的说的十分肯定,就较难看出这种颠倒是非的关系。
例如:2013上海卷74题问的是“Which of the following can be learned from the passage”,B答案为“Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.”而原文对应的句子为“You can start thinking about using them to answeropen scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would bedifficult with the animals, but using these robots instead” 。就是明显的同义转换后颠倒是非。所以遇到颠倒是非的答案可以:直接判为错误答案!
以偏概全:
以偏概全指的是文章中说的是一个范围,问题中悄悄将题支的叙述范围给你改了,很久都看不出来。文章是由几部分组成的,每个部分肯定有自己的中心范围,而这些部分就组成了整篇文章,整片文章又只有一个中心,如果是用某部分的来表达整个文章的思想,就是以偏概全。
例如:2013上海卷C篇75题,问的是“Whichof the following might be the best title of the passage?”;题支为“A. Father of Robotic Fly B. Inspirationfrom Engineering Science C.Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect D.Harvard Breaks Through in InsectStudy”。根据黑体关键词,A的是一个部分的,B的描述的是下一个部分的,D也是,文章中说的也不是很明确,这种类型的常见于概括文章、给文章起标题概括中心思想的题型中。对于以偏概全的答案可以:直接判为错误答案!
张冠李戴等
错误的类型主要是这几种,另外还有张冠李戴,也就是说张三做的事情,说成李四做的,比如文章中为jack did the work ,题支中却说成了Jackson;再如he won the prize,却说成she won the prize等。
近些年英语貌似变得简单些了,不过如果题出难了的话,还有几种不容易发现的错误类型如:逻辑推理、大小关系不清楚等等,这类似数学的真包含假包含一样。比如说Jack planted some big trees near his home, the air around getting fresher after that。题支中的描述成“ what jack did prevent the global warming” 这样就是属于逻辑上的混乱和错误。
篇3:英语阅读理解方法精髓
所谓英语阅读理解方法不外三种:1.先看文章后看问题,先看问题后看文章。前者相信是大多数人的选择,即便认为没有后者效率高--因为不能在看了问题后在看文章时把之记脑。2.从阅读的题型考法介绍入手。可以,也需要,但是片面的。3.每个星期或每个单元Keep做一定量的题。一般都可受到不差的成效,勤奋嘛,一般都可补拙,精神可嘉,但可以节省的。
二、中心
1.阅读法:
先看问题,只看一问(必需认清乃细节类,全文理解类跳开,最后才做),随即进入正文阅读(戴问入文),OK后,从文章阅读转回问题阅读,同样只看一个细节类(一般占不少于60%,且费时最多)问题,……
『中心“阅读法”的解释(可跳):1.出题者的出细节题顺序绝大多数是行文顺序2.题目如果要出难,上文的细节题要联系下文,甚至推理,于是搁者的细节题会一直到全文看完,没关系,反正这类题只会是最后1或2题的细节,前面都干掉不少,而且反正这类题都得看完全文。』
2.题型:
起标题--抓主要内容,慎防主题或倡导的诱惑
释字意--(你认识这单词,恭喜你的博学,但)只能用文章中的意思(比喻义或引申义或原义)
推断(infer)--只可推出,不能在中找出
数字计算--文章中英文数字和阿拉伯数字的混合,选项的1945和1954
选对错--提醒一下,文中似乎(或“似乎”)没提到的,用排除法(答案可能认为对、或不对,虽多为后者,小心为妙)
所出文章--很长者一般不需要思考,可速决;很短者一般要想死人,十分精读
三、练习(为保证质量和满足练习的读者广泛性,采用江苏名校的高二上学期期末试卷和高考阅读理解试题)平均每篇应自少少于6分钟,4~5分钟为佳,正确率应达到80%~100%。
忠告:1.方法应变成习惯(否则考场之上到处方法堆砌,那记得起!),标志是自感流畅,巅峰是感觉如此做是理所当然,2.但习惯也会生疏,必要时要加强3.事物是不断运动,变化发展的,我们要用发展的眼光看问题,应如实地把方法向习惯过渡看成一个过程,明确我们练习在发展过程中所处阶段和地位
四、阅读理解: (25 %)
( A )
HONG KONG – The Walt Disney Company might build a second theme park in China. But top executives have argued a report that Disney wants to build another one in Beijing in time for the Olympics.
Disney has plans to build a Hong Kong park that is scheduled to open in or . “Our job is to make the Hong Kong Disneyland work and be successful.” Disney chairman and chief executive Michael Eisner said. He said the company might later build a second park in China, though he would not say where. “I’m sure someday there will be a possibility to build another Disney theme park that would be geographically so distant from Hong Kong that they will not compete.”
When Disney was in talks with Hong Kong about building the park here, officials in Shanghai made it clear they would rather have the park. Disney executives said they were concerned about border controls that could slow visitors from the Chinese mainland who want to come to the Hong Kong theme park. They also said they had raised the issue with Hong Kong and Beijing. Although Hong Kong was returned from Britain to China four years ago, strict border controls remain in place between the capitalist territory and the mainland.
56) This passage is a _______.
a. newspaper report b. magazine advertisement
c. short story d. talk
57) From the first paragraph, we can get the following information except _______.
a. The Walt Disney Company has decided to build a theme park in China
b. It is possible that they will build a second one in China
c. The second theme park will be built in Beijing
d. The 2008 Olympics will be held in Beijing
58) The Hong Kong Disneyland is ________.
a. not open yet b. successful
c. working well d. distant
59) The underlined word “the issue” in paragraph 3 probably refers to _______.
a. Disney was in talk with Hong Kong about building the park there
b. Disney might later build a second park in China
c. Border controls that could slow down visitors from the Chinese mainland who want to come to the Hong Kong theme park
d. Shanghai made it clear they would have a theme park
60) Which of the following Disney parks is being built?
a. Disney World b. Beijing Disney
c. Disneyland Paris d. Hong Kong Disney theme park
( B )
How do American babies get their names when they are born?
We’d better know the formation of American names before we answer this question. A native American may have his name in two or three parts. Ronald Reagan, the 40th President of the United States, had his name in two parts. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the 32nd President, had his name in three parts. The first part is the given name, or the first name. The second part is the middle name or middle names, as Delano in Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The last part is the family name, surname or the last name, as Reagan in Ronald Reagan.
How does an American baby get his given name? Generally, when an American baby is born, the parents may pick up a name from a name book, or think of a name they like, and give it to the baby as the given name. Sometimes, the given name means something. If a girl baby’s given name is Alice, then she is hoped to be noble or cheerful, because Alice means noble and of good cheer. If the parents give their daughter Linda as the first name, then the parents hope their daughter to be pretty or beautiful, because it means that. If a boy’s given name is David, then he could be his parents’ beloved one, because David means a beloved person. But sometimes, the given name is just a given name, and it doesn’t mean anything. In another case, parents can give their baby the given name according to their hobby or desire.
Then how do American babies get their middle names? We must take people’s relationship into consideration when we answer this question. If the parents respect or hope to remember the grandparent, then they give their baby a middle name after the grandmother or grandfather. If the parents have a very close friend, they may pick their baby a middle name after their friend. Some parents name their baby after themselves.
Some even give the baby a middle name according to a famous person. So a baby may have one or two or even more middle names if the parents wish.
A baby gets his family name after his father’s family name. If the father’s family name is Smith, then the baby’s family name will be Smith, too.
61) The underlined phrase “in another case” means _______.
a. for another example b. on the contrary c. in addition d. in case
62) From the name “Linda Smith” we know that _______.
a. It’s a girl
b. Her parents’ names are Smith.
c. Her parents want her to be pretty or beautiful
d. All the above
63) Which of the following sentences shows the main idea of this passage?
a. How do American babies get their names when they are born?
b. We’d better know the formation of American names.
c. Sometimes the given name doesn’t mean anything.
d. Parents give their baby the given name according to their hobby or desire.
64) In the American name “Franklin Delano Roosevelt”, “Roosevelt” is the _______.
Which is wrong?
a. family name b. surname c. last name d. given name
65) Which of the following is true about American names?
a. Each American name has 3 parts: the first name, the middle name and the last name.
b. A baby’s given name is usually the same as his/her grandparent.
c. Parents may pick up a name for the baby after their friend has found one.
d. A baby may have 2 or 3 middle names.
( C )
Jimmy Carter the politician is known around the world. Only recently has Jimmy Carter the poet gone public. The former president has written a book of poems. It’s called “Always a reckoning.” Carter has written poetry since high school. About five years ago, he began to write seriously. “I went public in a very cautious way, “he says. He began by sending poems to magazines. The poems were accepted. Then he decided to put together a book. His poems mainly deal with everyday subjects. Many are set in his hometown, Plains, Georgia. Carter writes about selling peanuts, trout fishing, and neighbors. One poem talks about his feelings for his father. Carter says he learns more about himself through writing poems than through other writing. He also finds poetry to be a mind expander.
66) The story is about _______.
a. one person called Jimmy Carter
b. 2 people: Jimmy Carter the politician and a poet also called Jimmy Carter
c. 3 people: Jimmy Carter, a politician, and a poet
d. 4 people: Jimmy Carter, the former president, a politician and a poet
67) The word “trout” in line 7 means _______.
a. fishing b. fish c. happy d. river
68) The last sentence “He also finds poetry to be a mind expander”. means _______.
a. He thinks more widely since he started to write poems
b. Poetry is good for the health of one’s brain
c. Writing poems is a good way to think
d. He learns more about himself through writing poems
69) Which of the following is not true about Jimmy Carter?
a. politician b. poet c. homesick d. well-known
70) What is true about Jimmy Carter’s poems?
a. They expand his mind.
b. They are about everyday subjects.
c. They are mostly set in Georgia.
d. All the above.
( D )
You can use your Business Telecard International at any card phone in the UK. Here is some information about making international phone calls.
You can now phone almost any country in the world, although in some cases you can only call major cities. When you cannot make direct dialing calls, you can ask the international operator to help you. This is more expensive and takes more time, but it may be helpful if you want to speak to a particular person and no one else; in this case you should ask for a “person-to-person” call. Even more expensive is a reverse charge call where the person who receives the call pays.
If the international line is busy, you can reserve a call; explain the number you want and the operator will call you back when the line is free.
You can save money by calling outside office hours, e.g. early in the morning, late at night, and on Sundays.
Remember that the time may be different in the country you are calling. International time is based on GMT (Greenwich Mean Time); London is on GMT and Moscow, for example, is 3 hours ahead.
There is one problem: change to DST (Daylight Saving Time) for the Summer. In the UK, clocks are put forward one hour in Spring and put back in Autumn, and so London is actually one hour ahead of GMT in the Summer.
You can use your Business Telecard International for domestic calls as well, but there will be an additional charge over the standard rate.
71) What is “a reverse charge call”?
a. An international call.
b. A very expensive call.
c. A call for which the person who receives the call pays.
d. A call to major cities.
72) What is the most expensive type of call?
a. direct dial. b. through the operator.
c. reverse charge call. d. calling outside office hours.
73) According to the passage, what can you do if the international line is busy?
a. book a call. b. make a “person-to-person” call.
c. call back outside office hours. d. give up.
74) When is it cheaper to make an international call?
a. 10 a.m. b. 4 p. m.
c. 11 p. m. d. 3 hours ahead of GMT.
75) How many hours is Moscow ahead of London during the summer?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
( E )
Ali put the 10 bags in a row and took out one stone from the first bag, two stones from the second bag, three stones from the third, etc. He therefore had 55 stones altogether. If all stones weighed 1 gram, the total weight would be 55 grams. But he knew the real diamonds only weighed 0.8 grams each, 0.2 grams lighter than all other stones. So if the total weight was 54.8 grams, he could easily tell that the stone from the first bag was the real diamond. If the total weight was 54.6 grams, the stones from the second bag were the real diamonds. And if the total weight was 54 grams, no doubt the stones from the fifth bag were real diamonds. In this way he could find the bag containing real diamonds with no trouble at all.
Ali the thief had managed to break into the Sultan’s treasure room. He was looking for a bag containing 1250 diamonds, each weighing 0.8 grams. Unfortunately, the Sultan had filled nine other bags with imitation diamonds. There were 1000 imitation diamonds in each bag, each one weighing 1 gram. So all 10 bags weighed exactly 1000 grams and all the bags looked exactly alike. Just as Ali was wondering, the Sultan came into the room with his guards. The Sultan arrested Ali but did not kill him immediately. He gave Ali a chance to save his life. This is what the Sultan said to Ali: “If you can find the bag containing the real diamonds by using these scales (秤)just once, you may keep the diamonds. If not, you will be killed. You can take the stones from any of the bags and put them in other bags if you wish. But you can only weigh once on the scales.”
76) Who was Ali?
a. A servant of Sultan. b. A thief.
c. A weigher. d. A diamond-lover.
77) The Sultan was Ali’s _______.
a. friend b. king c. neighbor d. master
78) What are “imitation diamonds”?
a. Rocks. b. Precious stones.
c. Stones which look like diamonds. d. Diamonds.
79) Now suppose the total weight of the 55 stones was 53 grams, which bag contains the real diamonds?
a. The fourth. b. The sixth. c. The eighth. d. The tenth.
80) What happened to Ali in the end?
a. He was killed.
b. He left alive with all the diamonds.
c. He was kept in the treasure room.
d. He shared the diamonds with the Sultan.
答案:
56--60 A C A C D
61--65 A D A D D 66--70 A B A C D 71--75 C C A C B
76--80 B B C D B
篇4:英语阅读理解做题方法
英语阅读理解做题方法
第一类:读文章——做题目——回头再读文章
此为传统方法,命中率高,但速度稍慢。优点是能够迅速理解全文的主题脉络,连贯地进行信息的排查,缺点是由于人的记忆力有限,很多细节在做题时已经忘却,有不确定的地方仍需回到原文细细查找,寻找依据,耗时费力。这种方法的使用,需要较好的英文基础外加优秀的强记能力,一般使用于高分段的学生。
不过,这种阅读流程的效果不单纯作用于考试,还可以切实提高英文阅读水平,对同学们大学以后的学习大有帮助。所以这种阅读顺序,我推荐给高一高二的学生在平时的阅读解题中大可以培养这种习惯,一方面确保准确率,第二稳步提升自己的英文阅读实力,但对于高三的同学,这种方法有些欠妥。由于复习时间的紧张,我们最好摒弃掉此类阅读习惯。
第二类:读题目(题干+选项)—— 读文章 —— 做题目
其实此类方法分两种,一种是只看题不看选项,即大致看看问题,然后带着问题再看文章;另一种是将题干和所有选择项看完,再看文章。第一种的优点是节约时间,缺点是由于不看选项,对于细节缺乏必要的把握,同样要返回文章找寻关键点,而且定位的时候没有精确的坐标;第二个就相对而言科学很多,优点是明了要重点注意的目标信息,有很好阅读的针对性,缺点是相对读文章的时间少了,难免断章取义缺少宏观的把握,容易陷入干扰选项设置的陷阱之中。
对于高三的同学们,我还是建议多使用这种方法,方法虽有利弊,但对于时间紧张的你们,往往事半功倍。
第三类:读主题——读题目—— 读全文——做题目
个人认为这种方法较以上两种更为全面和严谨,而我在新东方的课堂的上也是建议给每位同学们练习这种方法,养成很好的阅读习惯。
这种方法即先看懂各段首尾句或短文的第一段,大致明了文章的主题。此后细细地阅读题干推敲选项的大致设置,思考作者的行文规律和命题者的出题陷阱,然后带着已经在首尾句获得的信息和在题目中假设的思路回头进行有目的性的查找工作,准确率高且耗时相对较少。而我们现在的高考阅读文章均取自国内外的英文刊物,少有命题组自行行文的类型,此类文章逻辑严谨,结构清晰,所以气定神闲地先读完各段的首句再耐心的推敲考题选项的设置,往往会直接将四个选支排除掉一个或两个,这无疑对我们的解题帮助极大,减少了我们判断的压力轻松地将文章读完。
高考阅读虽错综复杂,但是只要你养成很好的阅读习惯,加上一些必要的解题技巧是一定能征服它的。新东方流传一句话“得阅读者,得天下”,可见阅读是高考的重中之重,所以让我们一起努力吧,征服阅读,战胜高考。
提升英语阅读理解能力的“四要”
一、要扩大词汇量,促进阅读
词汇是语言的三大要素之一,更是阅读理解的基石。我们在阅读理解时所遇到的首要问题是词语障碍,没有一定的词汇量作基础,就谈不上理解能力的提高。有语言学家通过调查发现,外语学习者如拥有5000词汇量,阅读正确率可达56%,词汇量达到6400,阅读正确率可达63%。因此,熟练掌握课本单词,适量扩充课外词汇是提高阅读能力的基础。
二、要严格训练阅读速度
读速是阅读能力的一项重要指标。要提高阅读速度,可从三个方面考虑:
1.克服不良的阅读习惯。
有些同学在阅读时存在着不少的陋习,如:视野狭窄,一次只看一个单词;用手指着单词,逐个阅读;只理解单词的个别意思,不注意惯用短语、词组的意思;一遇到生词就查字典;为了弄清楚某个意思,反复地阅读前面内容等等。这些不良习惯势必会影响思维的连贯性,造成顾此失彼的结果,对阅读材料缺乏整体性的理解。
2.限时阅读训练。
限时阅读是根据所读材料的内容难度、长度,并参照大纲对各年级读速的要求对该材料的阅读时间予以限定。例如:约250字的材料限定5分钟左右。控制时间有利于挖掘学生的阅读能力,迫使学生争分夺秒,专心致志于阅读。
3.寻找主题句,理解重点把握全文。
大多数阅读材料均有主题句,用以说明文章的主旨,其他文字一般是围绕主题句展开说明的。有的主题句在文章的开头,有的在文章的结尾,还有的主题句在文章的中间出现。阅读时若能把握住这些句子,无疑会大大提高阅读速度和理解效果。一般地说,运用演绎法的文章,主题句往往在文章的开头;采用归纳法的文章,主题句一般在结尾。
三、要培养词义推断能力
我们在阅读中难免会遇到生词,如果每次遇到不认识的单词都去查字典,则会影响阅读速度和理解效果。因此,在阅读中要善于根据上下文,推断某些单词和短语的意义。
1.根据构词法来推断词义。
掌握一定的构词知识会有助于我们的阅读。例如:Don’t make any unreasonable demands on the government.句中的unreasonable是生词,但我们可以较为容易地通过其构成“un+reason+able”推出其含义为“无理的,不合理的,过分的”意思来。
2.根据上下文的对比关系来推断词义。
有时在行文中可能会同时出现某一生词的同义词或反义词,这时我们可以通过上下文的对比关系来猜测词义。例如:If you agree,say“Yes”, if you dissent,say “No”.根据两组相对的词Yes与No、agree与dissent,不难推知dissent是“不同意”之意。
3.根据文中解释推断词义。
有时候,文中对生词给出了注解或说明,在阅读中应善于捕捉这一信息。例如:A journalist is a person who works on a newspaper or magazine and writes articles for it.此句是专门解释journalist的,通过解释不难推断出其意为“记者”。
4.根据上下文之间的逻辑关系推断词义。
He is so stingy that he never gives anything to others, even his friends or relatives.本例中的stingy是生词,但根据对结果分句的理解可推知,stingy即为“吝啬的”之意。
四、要把握好长难句
所谓长难句,是指结构稍微复杂一点的句子,只要善于分析理清结构,困难就会迎刃而解。
1.结构分析理解法。
结构分析理解法,就是指通过对句子进行语法结构分析,迅速弄清其结构,把握住它的基本框架,进而理解句子的方法。具体可以分两步走:第一步,判断句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句;第二步,找出句子的核心或成分,即主语和谓语动词,然后再分清句子中的一些附属成分。例如:If you press another key, your meal is prepared and heated for you; then it is brought on along a very small railway line to your seat in front of your television so that you don’t even have to stand up when you get what you need.这是一个并列复合句,在分号前后各有一个分句:分号前是一个带有条件状语从句的复合句,主干部分是your meal is prepared and heated for you;分号后是带有两个状语从句和一个宾语从句的复合句,其中so that引导的是结果状语从句,when you get 是时间状语从句,what you need是宾语从句,充当动词get的宾语。这样一来,全句脉络分明,句意也就自然明朗了。
2.意群阅读法。
意群阅读法,就是把在意义和语法结构上有关联的几个词,连接成较完整的信息,成组成组输入大脑的方法。使用这种方法进行阅读,不仅可以提高阅读速度,而且有利于对句子的整体理解。例如:When two cars traveling at 30 mph hit each other(1),an unbelted driver(2),would meet the windshield (3),with a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters(4).该句中,(1)为时间状语从句,(2)为介词短语作状语,修饰谓语动词。这把整个句子划为四个阅读单位,大大地阅读速度和理解效果。
总之,阅读是一种综合性很强的语言实际活动。我们只有进行大量的课内外阅读,掌握一定的阅读技巧,正确运用阅读方法,才能有效地提高阅读理解能力。
英语阅读文章看不懂怎么办
文章看不懂没关系,高考阅读肯定会设一定百分比的生词,就是起迷惑作用,不用过于担心。一篇文章就五道题,通读一下文章,会发现出题的考点往往和生词关联不大。
看不懂的词跳过,根据上下文猜意思,一般第一段和每段第一句话易出题,重点看看。
有时文章看懂了题也不一定选对,所以时间不够的情况下,先看题,在对照着题在文中可能的地方找答案就好,高考阅读一般答案都能在文中找到,需自己总结的不多,文中出现的词要特别注意。
我单词量很少,但阅读算是强项,就是靠语感去分析,多做题,平时多看看译文,总结出题型和考察的地方,猜也差不多能对。
篇5:高考英语阅读理解方法
1.立足课文教学,训练阅读思维
通过以上对高考英语阅读理解题的分析,可以看出高考英语命题的趋势是“突出能力,侧重思维”。着重考查学生的观察、分析、对比、联想和判断等思维能力。所以,教学中我们应充分利用课文内容,对学生进行有效的阅读训练,提高其阅读能力。包括对文章中字词句的表层理解(包括辨认词义、句法结构等)以及对文章的结构、主旨进行分析与逻辑判断。从而深刻理解全文,并在此基础上引导站在新的高度上再读课文,领会文章中事件的背景和结局、主要人物的评析和作者的观点意图等。
2.拓宽英语阅读空间
尽管与以往相比,目前高中英语教科书所提供的阅读量有较大幅度的增加,但离大纲的要求还相距甚远,仅限于课文的阅读教学是远远不够的。所以,教师要精心选择、补充阅读材料,以拓宽阅读内容视角,增加阅读量。选择体裁多样(如叙述、描写、应用、说明、议论等文体皆可)、题材广泛(如社会政治经济、日常生活、史地常识、科普文章等)、篇幅适当、内涵丰富、难度适中的阅读材料。特别是具有时代感,异国文化背景浓厚的作品、科技动态、时事新闻等方面的文章,以获取新信息,增长新知识,形成新思维,以有利于语言知识的运用和阅读理解分析题的解答。
3.讲究阅读方法,掌握阅读技巧
高考阅读理解题内容多,时间紧,不仅需要学生具备扎实的基础知识,而且还需要较快的阅读速度。所以,阅读的方法和技巧就显得非常重要。依据前面对高考英语阅读理解题的分析,我们在平时的教学和训练中,必须重视阅读的方法和技巧的生成。如引导学生寻找主题句;养成辨认和记忆具体事实、重要细节的习惯;学会运用构词法、语境等推测关键词义;利用语法过渡词、语气转折词及时态等,把握文章脉络,进行逻辑推理和判断等。
篇6:考研英语阅读理解方法
考研英语阅读理解方法
40分的分值,直接决定了阅读理解对于考研英语的重要意义,如何能够让阅读理解成为得分的有力助手,就必须掌握阅读技巧,下面就为考生们介绍三招,让大家对阅读有一个更清楚和直观的认识,减少心理压力,从而取得考研成功。
一、掌握文章的组织结构
文章和段落在长度上有明显不同,但是在结构上是非常相似的。段落通常由一个主题句引出,接着是一系列说明主题句的细节,最后是结尾句。同样,文章是由篇首段、主体段和结论段三部分组成。引言段揭示主题,正文部分对主题分点阐述,结论段对全文归纳总结。同时,无论文章还是段落都要遵循一致性和连贯性的原则。可以说,文章是段落的扩展,段落是文章的缩影。
1.篇首段目的在于揭示主题,也就是说,引出文中要讨论的核心问题,从而起到统领全文的作用。
通常,篇首段由引语句和中心思想句两部分组成。前者目的是引起读者的兴趣,同时使读者对文章要讨论的问题在心理上有所准备。后者向读者交待该文的主题或写作目的。总之,篇首段的作用就是使读者顺利地进入正文。
2.主体段一般由若干段落组成,它们从不同的侧面对文章的主题展开讨论。各段阐述的内容必须与主题一致,有助于说明中心思想,但是只涉及主题的一个方面。
3.结尾段概括全文的内容,使读者对全文有一个完整、清晰的认识。它往往使用不同的话重新阐述中心思想,从而与篇首段相呼应。
二、掌握段落的组织与发展方式
(一) 段落的组织结构
段落是若干相关句子围绕一个中心思想或为表达一个统一的主题而组合在一起的写作单位。一般而言,段落结构的组织有如下四种方式:
1.演绎型(general-specific):即段落开头先给一个General statements,之后为Specific sentences。这种段落组织模式最为常见,而且多应用于说明、解释类主题结构的文章中。
2.匹配型(matching):段落的发展主线为两种事物之间的类比,可以是两种事物各自优缺点的一一对应,也可以是先介绍完一个事物,再接着介绍另一个事物。这种结构多用于比较类主题结构的文章中。
3.假设―真实型(hypothetical-real):即作者先提出一种普遍认可或某些人认可的主张和观点,然后进行澄清,说明自己的主张和观点,或者说提出反主张或真实情况。这种组织结构常见于反驳类主题结构的文章中。
4.问题―解决型(problem-solution):首先陈述文章背景(situation),在该背景下问题(problem)提出,然后给出问题的解决方法(solution)或对该问题的反应(response),最后评估该方法(evaluation)。该模式常用于科学论文和新闻报道主题结构的.文章中。
(二)段落的发展模式
1.等级型发展:即段内句际关系之间存在下定义、比较或对比、归类或列举关系。
2.线型发展:(1)以时间为顺序,常见于记叙文,表示时态的词贯穿主线。
(2)段落各句之间以因果关系为主线发展。
(3)以事物或事件的发展过程为主线,多见于说明文。
三、了解常见的句际关系及语篇标识词
句际关系主要是考察前后句子之间的逻辑关系。 句子与句子之间的关系可能是显性的,也可能是隐性的。显性的句际关系有明显的标志词出现,这会给考生理解文章的发展脉络带来很大方便。句际关系主要有以下几种:
1.顺接关系(顺承关系或并列关系):后句是前句的延续或补充,标识词主要有then, after that, furthermore, also, when(this happens)等。
2.转折关系:前后两句意思相反,标识词通常有but, however, nevertheless, (al)though, in fact等。
3.例证关系:即论据对于论点的论证关系。典型标识词是for example, for instance, take...as an example等。
4.因果关系:前因后果,或前果后因。可能出现的标识词有for, as a result, as a consequence, consequently, therefore, accordingly等。
5.对比、对照关系:对比关系说明前后内容的相同之处,可能出现similarly, like等标志词;对照关系则说明前后内容的不同之处,标识词通常有as a contrast, on the contrary, on the one hand...on the other hand等。
以上总结的三大基础点,从整体到局部,层层分析,帮助你将阅读大意“了然于心”。当然,英语阅读的基础也非一日之功,考生们在日积月累的复习体会中也会总结出适合自己的阅读方法,总之,万变不离其宗,形成阅读的好方法好习惯,阅读就能够迎刃而破,不再是困扰你的难题。
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