高考英语总复习之语法：名词

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今天小编就给大家整理了高考英语总复习之语法：名词，本文共6篇，希望对大家的工作和学习有所帮助，欢迎阅读!

篇1：高考英语总复习语法之数词

一.基数词: 表示数目的数词

1.两位数: 几十和个位数之间加连词号, 如: twenty-three, forty-seven, ninety-six

2.三位数的读法: 第一个数字+hundred + and +后面的一位或两位数字, 如: 101读作one hundred and one, 864读作eight hundred and sixty-four

3.四位数和四位以上数字的读法: 阿拉伯数字每三位为一段, 从后往前用逗号分开, 每个逗号处所用的数词分别为: thousand, million, billion, 如: 21,634,755读作twenty-one million six hundred and thirty-four thousand seven hundred and fifty-five. 注意: 读这样的数时, 只在hundred一词后加and

4.hundred, thousand, million, billion表示具体数目时都不用复数形式, 但它们的复数形式可以用于一些词组中, 如: hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, billions of.

5.数词dozen, score的用法与hundred, thousand等相同

二.序数词: 表示数目顺序的词

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1.序数词一般是由基数词加th构成, 序数词前一定要加the, 如: the seventh, the thirteenth, the one hundredth

2.以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时, 先把y变为i, 再加eth, 如: the twentieth, the fortieth, the fiftieth, the eightieth

3.大于二十的基数词对应的序数词, 只将末位数变为序数词, 前面的其他位数仍用基数词, 如: 第532读作five hundred and thirty-second

4.不规则的序数词如下: the first, the second, the third, the fifth, the eighth, the ninth, the twelfth

三.数词的用法:

1.编号的事物可用序数词或基数词加名词构成, 如: the fourth lesson =lesson four, the fifteenth page =page fifteen, the ninth part =part nine

2.编号的事物若数字较大, 一般用基数词放在名词后面来表示, 名词前一般不用定冠词, 如: room 302, page 215, No. 101 middle school

3.在表示年月日时, 年用基数词, 日用序数词, 年的读法是, 从后往前, 将年份分成两位一段, 依次读出每一段即可, 如: April 5,1976 读作April (the) fifth, nineteen seventy-six; October 1, 1949读作October the first, nineteen forty-nine; 年份1905读作nineteen hundred and five; 年份1800读作eighteen hundred; 年份读作year two thousand; 年份502 B.C.读作five o two B C; 年份A.D. 620读作six twenty A D

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4.表示时间时用基数词:

①.表示几点整的说法: It is five (o’clock)

②.表示几点过几分的说法: 若不超过30分钟, 用past表示过几分; 若超过30分钟, 用to表示差多少分到几点, 如: 3:05 =five past three, 5:20 =twenty past five; 8:35 =twenty-five to nine; 12:50 =ten to one

③.表示几刻钟的说法, 如: a quarter, three quarters

④.表示上午,下午某时间, 如: 8:00 a.m., 4:15 p.m.

⑤.时刻也用24小时制读法, 只须依次读出点钟数和分钟数, 整点钟时, 需在最后加读hundred ( hours), 如: 18:45读作eighteen forty-five, 18:00读作eighteen hundred ( hours ), 以上提到的3:05, 5:20, 8:35分别也可读作three five, five twenty, eight thirty-five

5.表示加减乘除的说法: 数学运算的加减乘分别用plus, minus, times, divided by表示

a. How much is fifteen plus two?

b. How much is eight minus seven?

c. How much is twelve times twelve?

d. How much is eighty-one divided by nine?

e. Five plus three is / equals eight.

f. Five minus three equals / leaves two.

g. Five times three makes / is fifteen.

h. Fifteen divided by three equals five.十五除以三等于五

6.表示倍数的说法:

a. This room is three times bigger than that one.

b. The dictionary is four times thicker than that book.

c. The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.

7.表示百分比的说法: 基数词+ percent

8.有些基数词可以构成固定词组, 如: one by one, twos and threes三三两两

9.基数词可以与度量单位连用: twenty meters deep, ten meters long, one hundred yards

10.分数的表示法: 分子用基数词, 分母用序数词, 若分子大于1, 则分母用序数词的复数形式, 如: one third, two tenths, two thirds. 有些分数可以用half, quarter表示, 如: three quarters

11.小数: 小数点读作point, 小数点前面的数字读作一个完整的基数词, 小数点后面的每位数字依次用基数词读出, 如: 3.4读作three point four, 0.2读作zero point two, 8.97读作eight point nine seven

12.某些数字的读法与写法, 如: $10.20读作ten dollars and twenty cents; 35O 读作thirty-five degree; -20O 读作twenty degree below zero或minus twenty degree; Napoleon III读作Napoleon the third; World War II读作World War two或the second world war.

13.年龄的表示方法:

a. The boy is ten years old.

b. The boy is at the age of ten.

c. He is a ten-year-old boy.

d. The boy is of ten years.

14. in one’s + 整十数的复数形式, 表示在某人几十多岁的时候, 如:

a. He became famous in his thirties.

15. in the 1930s / 1930’s表示在二十世纪三十年代

16. 序数词前一般要用the, 但表示又一,再一的概念时, 序数词前也可以用a / an

a. They plan to buy a second house. 他们计划再买第二房子

四.选择使用数字或文字表示数的场合:

1.一般来说, 两位数以内的数目用文字表示, 超过两位数的数目用数字, 如:

a. There are forty-five students in our class.

b. There are about 2,100 students in our school.

2.在句首的数目多用文字表示:

a. One hundred and two voters are against the project.

3.基数词的复数形式多用文字表示:

a. There are three twos in six. 6之内有三个2.

b. He became famous in his fifties.

2.在句首的数目多用文字表示:

a. One hundred and two voters are against the project.

3.基数词的复数形式多用文字表示:

a. There are three twos in six. 6之内有三个2.

b. He became famous in his fifties.

篇2：高考英语介词语法专项总复习

二十二.in作介词的用法:

①.在…(某时间或空间)里

a. The last time we met was in New Zealand.

b. They took him to hospital in the car.

c. What is in the newspaper today ?

d. Her mother was always in her mind.

e. I threw it in the wastepaper basket.

f. He was born in 1980 in Genoa.

g. An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.

h. Rome was not built in a day.

②.在(一段时间)之后, 与将来时连用

a. I will come round in a day or two.

b. She is going up to London in three days’ time.

③.处于某种状态之中

a. They are now in a painful situation.

b. The tigers are in danger.

c. He was obviously in good health.

d. The poor girl is in tears.

e. The baby is in a beautiful sleep.

f. John is in a bad temper.

g. Are you in doubt about it ?

h. How do you come to know it ? I asked in surprise.

i. He waited in anxiety for the report.

j. She shut her eyes in fear.

k. We went on our way in great happiness.

l. We sat in silence, looking to the sea.

m. It must be done in a hurry.

n. He sat there, deep in thought.

④.有某种特征, 性质等

a. He was in his early twenties.

b. This kind of products are in great demand.

c. The chairs were in the newest style.

d. The letter was all in French.

⑤.表示穿着

a. She is in a white coat today.

b. She was dressed in white like a nurse.

⑥.表示动作正在进行

a. The meeting was in progress at that time.

b. He was in conversation with the manager when I called.

⑦.在…方面, 在…上

a. He has changed a lot in appearance over the past few years.

b. The theory won’t work in practice.

c. He was about five feet in height.

d. In some things you must trust your elders.

e. They are quite reasonable in price.

f. They had no difficulty in finding his house.

g. He was active in taking part in the activity.

⑧.用…, 以…

a. He told us about his idea in simple English.

b. A message was written in pencil on the door.

c. He paid me in dollars for the work.

d. The room is painted in bright colours.

⑨.在…过程中, 在…时

a. In doing we learn.

b. He fell into despair in doing so.

⑩.词组和固定搭配: in a sense从某个意义上说; in advance事前, 在前头; in all总共, 总的说来; in any case不管怎样; in case of…要是, 如果, 以防; in detail详细地; in general一般地说; in one’s opinion在…看来; in other words换言之; in person亲自, 本人; in public公开地; in short / in a word总之; in spite of尽管; in the course of在…过程中; in the end最后; in the least一点儿; in the meantime与此同时; in time及时地; in turn轮流;

篇3：高考英语第二轮总复习讲座之八

Unit8 情态动词和助动词

一、考点聚焦

1、情态动词的基本用法

(1)can、be able to 和could

①can和be able to都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时，而be able to则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/were able to来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。如：

Can you use chopsticks?

The wounded man still was able to get to the village and was saved in the

end.

②can和could

can和could都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法，一般用could，回答时则用can。如：

Could you help me carry the bag?

Can I help you?

(2)may/might

①may/might表示可能，但may比might可能性大。如：-Why isn’t he in class?

He may be sick.(生病的可能性较大)

He might be sick.(生病的可能性较小)

②may/might表示“允许”，may用于现在时或将来时，might常用在间接引语中表过去时，但might也可用于现在时间，表示比较委婉的语气，回答用may。如：

He says we may leave.

He said we might leave.

③may / might 表示建议或请求，但might比may 更客气，意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义。

Yes, you can / may.

-May / Might I use your bike? -

No, you mustn’t

（3）must

①must表示必须，应该，没有时态变化。如：

You must do everything as I do.

②must表示肯定的推测。如：

The light is still on, so he must be at home.

③mustn’t 表示禁止做某事。如：

You mustn’t smoke in the office.

（4）have to

have to 表示“必须、不得不”，是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。have to的否定形式表示不必。have to可用于多种时态中。如：

You will have to clean your own boots when you join the army.

I have to be at my office every evening.

（5）should / ought to

①should和ought to表示应当、应该，前者比后者语气轻。如：

You should / ought to work hard.

②should / ought to work hard.

Since she is not here, whe should / ought to be in the classroom.

③should / ought to的否定形式表示禁止之意。如：

Children shouldn’t smoke.

④should可表示陈述意见，推出建议或请求；而ought to可以表示劝告之意。如：

You ought to respect your parents.

He suggested that they should leave at once.

（6）will / would

①will 用于各种人称表示“意志”、“意愿”或“决心”等，否定式won’t + 动词。如：

I will tell you all about it.

Tom won’t do such a thing.

②will用于疑问句中，常用在第二称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问”如：

Will you please tell her the news when you see her?

③will 表示习惯性的动作，有“总是”、“惯于”的含义。如：

Fish will die out of water.

④would 表示客气的请求、建议或意愿。如：

Would you please be quiet?

Would you like coffee?

⑤would 表示过去反复发生的动作。如：

When I passed my school I would see my teachers who taught me 5 years ago.

（7）need

need 作“必要”讲，既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to，其变化与一般动词相同。如：

I need to think it over.

-Need you go now? -Yes, I must./No, I needn’t

（8）dare

dare表示“敢”的意思。作为情态动词时，主要用在疑问句和否定句中。dare若作实义动词，后面可带to的不定式，此时to也可以省略。dare与need的用法相似。如：

How dare you say that?

She doesn’t date(to)ask her father.

（9）used to

used to表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，但现在已不复存在了。如：

He used to smoke.

（10）shall

①shall作为情态动词用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”、“警告、威胁、强制”和“允许”等意思。如：

We shall do as our teacher says.

You shall have the book as soon as I finish it.

②在疑问句中，shall用于征求对方的意见或请求指示，常用于第一、第三人称。如：

Where shall he wait for us?

Shall we go out for a walk?

2、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法

下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合：

情态动词对现在和未来的推测对过去的推测使用场合

must must + 动词原形 must have done 肯定句

may / might may / might + 动词原形 May / might have done 肯定句、否定句

can /could can / could do Can / could have done 否定句、疑问名（could可用于肯定句）

should 用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会”should do/be should have done 肯定句、否定句、疑问句

例如：

It must have rained last night.

She may not be at home. = It is possible that she is not at home.

She can’t be at home. = It is impossible that she is at home.

They should be there right now.

3、情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法

情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备的感情色彩，用法如下：

（1）should have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shouldn’t have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。如：

You should have told me about it earlier.

You shouldn’t have said such words to your parents.

（2）ought to have done也表示“本应该……”而ought not to have done则意为“本不应该……”。如：

You ought to have told me about it earlier.

You ought not to have said such words to your parents.

（3）needn’t have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。如：

You needn’t have walked so quickly since time was enough.

（4）could have done表示“本来有可能……而事实上未做到”。如：

I could have come on time, but my car broke on the way.

二、精典名题导解

选择填空

1. I was really anxious about you. You________home without a word.(NMET )

A.mustn’t have B.shouldn’t have left

C.couldn’t have left D.needn’t have

解析：答案为B。本题考查的是情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。题目给出的条件是“我确实非常担心你”，因此后面可知应是责备you不应该没说一句话就离开了。

2.-Are you coming to Jeff’s party?

-I’m not sure. I__________ go to the concert instead.(NMET )

A.must B.would C.should D.might

解析：答案为D。本题考查情态动词的基本用法。由题目中“I’m not sure”,表明我可能去Jeff’s party，也可能去音乐会，故用might。

3. -Will you stay for lunch?

-Sorry, ____________. My brother is coming to see me.(NMET 99)

A.I mustn’t B.I can’t C.I needn’t D.I won’t

解析：答案为B。本题考查表示请求的英语口语，用will来向第二人称提问的疑问结构，是表示一种请求和意愿，是用疑问的形式来表达较为婉转的祈使语气，意思是“请你……，好吗”，对于这种问句的肯定回答是：Suree! Gertainly! Yes, of course. I’d be glad to 等；否定回答通常是：I’m sorry, I can’t. No, I’m afraid I can’t. I’m sorry, but … I’d like to, but …等。注意情态动词表客气的用法及其在一般疑问句中的问与答。

三、专项训练

1. -Jack certainly has a low opinion of Janny.

-It_______than hers of him.

A.can’t be any worse B.can be any worse

C.can be some worse D.can’t be more worse

2. She_______be at home because she phoned me from her office just now.

A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t

3. The big fire last night_______the whole building.But the heavy rain helped.

A.might be burning down B.should have been burned down

C.could have burned down D.must have been burned down

4. I want to go to the dentist,but you_______with me.

A.need not to go B.don’t need go C.need not go D.need go not

5. -Must we take a bus?

-No,you_______,You can walk from here.

A.must not B.don’t have to C.don’t must D.don’t need

6. You_______return the book now.You can keep it till next week if you like.

A.can’t B.mustn’t C.may not D.needn’t

7. -Could I borrow your dictionary?

-Yes,of course you_______.

A.might B.will C.can D.should

8. -May I stay here for another day?

-No,you_______.

A.mustn’t B.might not C.needn’t D.won’t

9. -You ought to have helped her yesterday.

-Yes,I know I_______.

A.ought toB.ought to have

C.ought have done D.ought to have called

10. -_______he open the door?

-Yes,please.

A.Shall B.Will C.Can D.Would

11. Whatever difficulties we_______with,we’ll go on with the experiment.

A.meet B.met C.shall meet D.may meet

12. In the end they_______save the cat on the roof.

A.could B.were able to C.must D.need

13. Mr.Tom is in poor health.He_______be ill at any time.

A.may B.should C.can D.will

14. -Could I see you on Sunday?

-Yes,of course you_______.

A.can B.might C.will D.should

15. I thought you_______like something to read,so I have brought you some books.

A.may B.must C.could D.might

16. -Do you have to go out?

-Sorry,but I really_______.

A.have to B.must C.may D.can

17. “Manager,some people want to see you,_______they wait in the hall or outside?”asked the secretary.

A.will B.must C.shall D.may

18. There was plenty of time,she_______.

A.needn’t have hurried B.mustn’t have hurried

C.have hurriedD.couldn’t have hurried

19. You_______walk for miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.

A.must B.need C.should D.may

20. You_______do what you like to the whole afternoon.

A.could B.can C.are able to D.can be able

21. Look,what you have done! You_______more careful.

A.may be B.had to C.should be D.would be

22. Whoever breaks the law_______.

A.can be punished B.is to punish

C.is to be punished D.are punished

23. Don’t throw the box away.It_______in the future.

A.shall be needed B.is needed C.might need D.might be needed

24. All that_______must be done.

A.should be done B.is done C.was done D.has been done

25. There_______an English evening next Saturday.

A.will have B.is going to be C.is to have D.is going to do

26. The news_______about everywhere now.

A.is talking B.has been talked

C.is being talked D.is being talking

27. We shall stay in the village for one or two days,and then we_______that mountain.

A.go to climb B.go on climbing

C.will have climbed D.are going to climb

28. Suddenly he thought that a bicycle_______be very useful.

A.would B.will C.is to D.should

29. Johnny,you_______play with the knife,you_______hurt yourself.

A.won’t;can’t B.mustn’t;may

C.shouldn’t;must D.can’t;shouldn’t

30. Your phone number again? I_______quite catch it.

A.couldn’t B.don’t C.didn’t D.can’t

31. Come early tomorrow,_______?

A.don’t you B.do you C.shall you D.will you

32. Let’s go to see our teacher who is in hospital,_______?

A.shall we B.will you C.don’t we D.do you

33. Everyone_______do his best to study well in order to sense the people well in future.

A.can B.should C.may D.might

34. -May I stop here?

-No,you_______.

A.might not B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.won’t

35. -Dare he go to the cinema in the evening?

-_______.

A.I dare too B.No,I don’t C.Yes,I do D.No,I daren’t

36. Don’t be worried.The news_______be true.

A.may not B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shan’t

37. I will return your notes as soon as I_______copying them.

A.will finish B.do finish C.finish D.be finished

38. You_______do it even if you want to.

A.can’t B.have to C.mustn’t D.needn’t

39. When_______possible to get some more information?

A.has it B.had it C.would be it D.would it be

40. He_______the test,but he wasn’t careful enough.

A.could have passed B.was able to pass

C.might be able to pass D.must have passed

参考答案

1-10 ACCCB DCABA 11-20 DBCAD BCADB

21-30 CCDAB CDABC 31-40 DABCD ACBDA

篇4：高考英语复习语法

英国语言专家MichaelSwan说：语法（grammar）就是一系列的规则，说明词可以怎样变化以表示不同的含义，以及如何把词组合成句子，高考英语语法复习。

语法学习无疑会高效率地帮助学生清楚地了解目标语言（targetlan-guage）的语法知识和句子结构，规范语言的实际运用，并使之富有逻辑性。作为语言运用规则的语法知识，考生应对此有较为系统性的了解和掌握，以便在考试中立于不败之地。对于学习者来说（包括教师），重要的不是是否掌握所有的语法点，而是“what is taughtand how it（grammar）is taught.（教什么语法及如何去教）”。考试侧重的也不是单一的语言知识点，强调的是考生的语言功底，以及融会贯通和理解能力。

从语法的框架体系来看，英语语法主要遵循从句和动词两条主线。从句包括：形容词从句（定语从句），副词从句（状语从句），和名词从句（名词性从句）；动词内容包括：动词时态，不定式，动名词，分词和虚拟语气，中学英语《高考英语语法复习》。此外，与句子构造有关的规则还有主谓一致和主谓倒装。

英语句子――作为能表达完整意思的一个最小的语言单位，是人们在交流思想时所使用的语言媒体。因此，对于语法的学习应紧紧以句子为核心，考生们即使在做语法练习的时候，也要学会从语句中找到相应的语言提示或上下文的逻辑关系。

例题一

He showed us a photo of Judy, was taken in Hong Kongin .

A.which

B.that

C.who

D.what

由takeaphoto的逻辑思维，我们判断出photo是定语从句的先行词而不是Judy，所以正确答案是A。

例题二

Where did you meet Alice？

It was in the cinema we used to go.

A.that

B.where

C.which

D.how

看到这道题考生的第一个反应是强调句。如果选项是A，虽然语法上说是对的，但是问和答则风牛马不相及。其实完整的回答是It was in thecinema where we used to go that we met Alice。所以B才是正确的选项。

[高考英语复习语法]

篇5：英语中考语法(一)名词复习

英语中考语法(一)名词专题复习(2)

《GO FOR IT！》英语中考语法（一）名词专题复习(2)

【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）

一. 单项选择

1. They got much ___ from those new books.

A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories

2. He gave us____ on how to keep fit.

A. some advices B. some advice

C. an advice D. a advice

3. When we saw his face, we knew___ was bad.

A. some news B. a news C. the news D. news

4. What___ lovely weather it is!

A. / B. the C. an D. a

5. ―Would you like___ tea?

―No, thanks. I have drunk two____.

A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange

C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges

6. He is hungry. Give him ___ to eat.

A. two breads B. two piece of bread

C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads

7. It really took him：___ to draw the nice horse.

A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time

8. I would like to have___.

A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk

C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks

9. Can you give me ____?

A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea

10. Please give me ___ paper.

A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of

11. John bought___ for himself yesterday.

A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe

C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes

12. ―How many ____ have you got on your farm?

―I’ve got five.

A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken

13. Some ___ came to our school for a visit that day.

A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies

14. In the picture there are many____ and two____.

A. sheep; foxes C. sheeps; foxes

B. sheeps; fox D. sheep; foxs

15. A group of______ will visit the museum tomorrow.

A. Hungarian B. Australian C. Japanese D. American

16. This table is made of___.

A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass

17. ―What would you like to have for lunch, sir?

―I’d like____.

A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken

18. Children should make____ for old people in a bus.

A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room

19. Tables are made of___.

A. wood B. some woods C. wooden D. woods

20. I wonder why ______ are so interested in action (武打片) films.

A. people B. peoples C. the people D. the peoples

21.I have read____ of the young writer.

A. works B. work C. this works D. the works

22. Let’s meet at 7： 30 outside the gate of___?

A. the People’s Park B. the Peoples’ Park

C. the People Park D. People’s Park

23.___ Chinese people are ___ hard working people.

A. /; a B. We; the C. The; the D. The; a

24.How many ____ were there in the street when the accident happened?

A. policeman B. polices C. police D. peoples

25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller____.

A. set B. one C. piece D. pair

26. Last week I bought a TV____.

A. pair B. set C. piece D. block

27. There is a ____of wood left on the ground.

A. cup B. piece C. box D. pair

28. There are sixty―seven___ in our school.

A. women’s teacher B. women teachers

C. woman teachers D. women teacher

29. There are five___ in our factory.

A. woman driver B. women driver

C. woman drivers D. women drivers

30. These ____ were sent to the villages to help the farmers.

A. women doctor B. women doctors

C. woman doctors &nb

篇6：英语中考语法(一)名词复习

英语中考语法(一)名词专题复习(1)

《GO FOR IT！》英语中考语法（一）名词专题复习(1)

(第5周复习内容1---3)

一. 知识归纳、分析与总结

1. 名词的定义

名词是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称。例如：

Honey蜂蜜.weather天气.newspaper报纸 worker 工人 desk 桌子

hospital 医院 time 时间 honesty 诚实 water水. money钱.etc.

2. 名词的分类

名词分为专有名词和普通名词

普通名词：表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。

例如teacher 老师 tea 茶 student 学生

专有名词：表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。

China 中国 Asia 亚洲 Beijing 北京

名词又可分为可数名词（Countable Nouns）和不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。

可数名词有单,复数之分,表示一个或多个。

a book 一本书 some books 两本书

不可数名词：不分单,复数；抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。

sand 沙 sugar 糖earth.泥土 milk牛奶 .

有少数名词既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。

glass 玻璃 glass 玻璃杯 paper 纸 paper 报纸,文件

3. 名词的功能

名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。

The bag is in the desk. bag 作主语。

书包在桌子里边。

I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes 作宾语。

昨天我洗了我的衣服。

This is a good book. book 作表语。

这是一本好书。

We elected him our monitor. monitor作宾语补助语。

我们选他为我们的班长。

Mary lives with her parents. parents作介词宾语。

玛丽和她的父母亲住在一起。

He is a Party member. Party 作定语.

他是一名党员。

They study hard day and night. day and night作状语。

他们不分日日夜夜地努力学习。

4. 名词的数

1）、定义：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式, 表示一个人或事物用单数形式, 表示一个以上的人或事物用复数形式。

a book 一本书 two books 两本书 a bag 一个包 three bags 三个包

名词的单数形式就是词典上所出现的形式,没有变化, 如： a pen, a bed, a room, an English book。

名词的复数形式,多数名词的复数形式在其单数形式后面加 ―s 或 ―es 构成,名词复数形式变化如下。

2）、规则

构成

读音

例词

一般情况下,在词尾加 ―s.

1. 在清辅音后读/s/.

2. 在浊辅音、元音后读/z/.

1.maps /s/

desks /s/

2.days/z/

dogs/z/

以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词后面加―es

+es 读/iz/

class―classes/siz/

box―boxes/siz/

brush―brushes/iz/

watch―watches/tiz/

以e结尾的名词后面加―s

+s读/iz/

houses/ziz/

horses/ziz/

以 ―f 或 ―fe 结尾的名词,把 ―f 或―fe 变成 ―ves

―ves读/vz/

bookshelves/vz/

wives/vz/

knives/vz/

以辅音+y 结尾的名词,变 y 为 i ,再加 es

―ies读/iz/

cities/iz/

babies/iz/

factories/iz/

以辅音 + o 结尾的名词,加 ―es,

―s 读/z/

heroes/z/

potatoes/z/

tomatoes/z/

注：极少数名词虽然以―o 或者―f 结尾, 变成复数则只加 ―s,为数不多, 如 radios, pianos, photos, roofs .bamboos等。

4）、英语中有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,需要一一记忆，常见的有，

man -men, woman ― women, foot ― feet, tooth ― teeth, mouse ― mice,sheep -sheep, dear ― dear, fish C fish child-children.people―people

Chinese-Chinese. Japanese-Japanese.注意：其余国家的人的复数都是+S

EG: Germans .Canadians

5）、英语中有些名词总是以复数形式出现。

scissors 剪刀 goods 货物 trousers 裤子 clothes 衣服 glasses 玻璃杯 police 警察 stockings 长裤 socks短袜 boots 靴子

注意：但当以上词前+a pair ….of … be/V（单数）如：

Here is a pair of trousers .

news .phsics. maths 是一个单词，通常怍单数用

6）、….of……j结构的名词,前后都是复数名词,两个都变,后是不可数名词只变前的名词。Eg: two baskets of eggs. Five glasses of water ,

7)、复合名词的复数形式变化：规则变化的名词+规则变化的名词，只变最后一个名词，不规则名词+规则变化名词，两个名词同时变

eg: 5 pencil Cboxes. 10 men teachers.

8)、语法综合运用

在数词分数中的应用，当分之大于1时，分母（序数词）+S

四分之三：three quarters 或three fourths.

五分之二:Two fifths. One fifth 则不加S.

注意:一些固定短语的用法:数以百记

（1）handreds of… 成千上万 thousands of =milllions of =tens and thousands of +可数名词,都是不确定的数。 The number of的数目.A number of= a lot of= lots of =many +可数名次是许多之意…(见第四章数词)

（2）多少：how many+可数名词 how many+不可数名词， a great deal of+不可数名词。

（3）plenty of用于否定句中 much+不可数名词 many+可数名词

=a lot of=lots of 都是“许多”之意。(见第三章代词)

5. 名词的格

1）、定义

在英语中,名词的.格有三个,主格,宾格和所有格。它们的形式及其变化表示与其他词的关系。实际上, 主格和宾格通过它在句中的作用和位置来确定。

The bird is in the tree. 鸟在树上。 bird 作主语, 是主格。

I saw a film yesterday. 昨天我看了一场电影。 film 作宾语,是宾格。

名词的所有格：名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格。

2）、在单数名词后+’S

EG: Lu Xun’s book is worth reading.

鲁迅的书值得一读。