托福阅读时间不够因为你没做到详略得当

时间：2022-05-22 00:49:12 其他范文收藏本文下载本文

【导语】下面是小编整理的托福阅读时间不够因为你没做到详略得当（共10篇），欢迎您阅读，希望对您有所帮助。

托福阅读时间不够因为你没做到详略得当

篇1：托福阅读时间不够因为你没做到详略得当

托福阅读时间不够因为你没做到详略得当

现行的新托福考试依然重视对阅读能力的考查，并且，托福考试不仅有单独的新托福阅读理解测试，而且在口语以及写作方面的测试中也明显的对阅读能力提出了要求。按照ETS的官方说明，新托福阅读中的文章都是科普文章，结构特征和内容特征是比较明显的，所以在笔记中需要记录的内容也是可以相对明确的。

1.单词：想要做好托福阅读，背托福单词是最基础的。这个就是需要学员自己完成任务。但是尤为重要的一点是，托福考试中，对单词的考查不仅仅是背过单词含义就可以，更重要的是要学会应用，学会在文章中理解使用单词。

句子：同中文的一句一句短小的句子不同，英文中的句子多是长句，有时候一个句子就是一段。而且英文的句子多是主从复合句，以中式的思维逻辑来学习会很不习惯，不能适应句子的2.语序。这就需要托福考生在平时的训练中多读多看，扩大泛读。

3.段落：托福阅读的文章大多都是学术性比较强的文章，在学习中，会应用到TS+D和TS+D的变形方式的做题方法。具体TS+D是什么，应该怎么用，在这里，姜老师给我们留了一个悬念，“关于TS+D会在托福强化班的课程中讲到，想要知道怎么用来上强化班就知道啦。”

4. 篇章：像托福的题型之一--小结题，就会用到对全篇的把握和理解。掌握对于全文的思维路线做这类题就会比较容易了。对于全文的拐角，转弯处把握好了，全文的意思也就差不多了。做题的时候还有注意对细节的把握。

有的学生会觉得托福阅读的题量很大，时间不够用，做不完题。“其实这是因为学生在做题的时候没有做到详略得当。把握好精读和泛读的区别，找准需要精读的地方，做起题来会又快又准。”

在新托福阅读中进行快速笔记是有效地把握文章结构，记录重要信息的手段，此外，掌握快速笔记的方法，养成“边读边记”的习惯，会让研究效率大大提高。从这个角度来看，同学们更应该以托福考试为契机，培养自己这种良好的阅读习惯，从而在学习和研究中达到事半功倍的效果。

如何划分托福阅读中的层次

分析托福阅读层次对于理解托福阅读非常重要，下面就为大家分析托福阅读关系，文章中有很多能够表现出主题的句子，首先要将他们进行了解，然后在进行分析，这样就可以取得理想的托福阅读理解效果。

对于多数人来说，可能“读文章各段首句，然后看题目，再找文章内相应部分做题”的托福阅读做题顺序会比较合适，读各段首句可以粗略掌握文章大意和结构，做题再看内容再做能大大降低“工作量”，但是这种做法不利于对全文的消化吸收，从而不利于做总结题，也可能会遗漏文章内的一些细节而导致做错细节题。而新托福目前反馈大都是顺序出题的，所以建议练习时就尽量往“读一段做相应题目，再读一段再做相应题目”这一顺序去靠拢，可以对文章有全面的把握，虽然总量上还是要读完全文，但是对大脑的短期记忆的负担要比通读全文再做题目小很多。

在新托福阅读中，甚至可以扩展到ETS所有考试的阅读题目中，如果要用一个词来概括的话，那就是paraphrase，意译。无论是题干还是正确选项，大都能在原文中找出一句话来与之相对应。即题目是原文的意译。这种意译是通过同义词来完成的。即题干中多用近义词来对原文中的句子进行替换，来达到提出问题或者提出正确答案的意思。准确把握意译，是多数题目中准确在原文中定位信息、或者在迷惑选项中选出正确的那个，都有着重要的作用。

托福阅读层次分析中，关于先看题目还是先看文章的问题。也就是做题时间安排的问题。由于对问题的回答建立在了熟悉全文的基础上，每个问题又有足够的时间返回全文，每个选项都一一进行斟酌。

分析托福阅读层次，首先要知道托福阅读文段一般都依照老美的思路来成文，首段、尾段、首句、尾句以及过渡段(句)很重要，只要是依据美国人的阅读思路来安排托福阅读做题顺序，那托福阅读就不会像你想象的那样难以拿分。

托福阅读真题训练1

Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists. These can be divided into preformed or passive defense mechanisms and inducible or active systems. Passive plant defense comprises physical and chemical barriers that prevent entry of pathogens, such as bacteria, or render tissues unpalatable or toxic to the invader. The external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes, which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect larvae. Other trichomes are sticky and glandular and effectively trap and immobilize insects.

If the physical barriers of the plant are breached, then preformed chemicals may inhibit or kill the intruder, and plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic or potentially toxic substances, such as resins, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids, many of which are highly effective deterrents to insects that feed on plants. The success of the Colorado beetle in infesting potatoes, for example, seems to be correlated with its high tolerance to alkaloids that normally repel potential pests. Other possible chemical defenses, while not directly toxic to the parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishment of a parasitic relationship. For example, glycoproteins in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes that degrade cell walls. These enzymes are often produced by bacteria and fungi.

Active plant defense mechanisms are comparable to the immune system of vertebrate animals, although the cellular and molecular bases are fundamentally different. Both, however, are triggered in reaction to intrusion, implying that the host has some means of recognizing the presence of a foreign organism. The most dramatic example of an inducible plant defense reaction is the hypersensitive response. In the hypersensitive response, cells undergo rapid necrosis — that is, they become diseased and die — after being penetrated by a parasite; the parasite itself subsequently ceases to grow and is therefore restricted to one or a few cells around the entry site. Several theories have been put forward to explain the basis of hypersensitive resistance.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The success of parasites in resisting plant defense mechanisms

(B) Theories on active plant defense mechanisms

(D) How the immune system of animals and the defense mechanisms of plants differ

2. The phrase subject to in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) susceptible to

(B) classified by

(D) strengthened by

3. The word puncture in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) pierce

(B) pinch

(D) cover .

4. The word which in line 12 refers to

(A) tissues

(B) substances

(D) insects

5. Which of the following substances does the author mention as NOT necessarily being toxic to

the Colorado beetle?

(A) resins

(B) tannins

(D) alkaloids

6. Why does the author mention glycoproteins in line 17?

(A) to compare plant defense mechanisms to the immune system of animals

(B) to introduce the discussion of active defense mechanisms in plants

(D) to emphasize the importance of physical barriers in plant defense

7. The word dramatic in line 23 could best be replaced by

(A) striking

(B) accurate

(D) appealing

8. Where in the passage does the author describe an active plant-defense reaction?

(A) Lines 1-3

(B) Lines 4-6

(D) Lines 24-27

9. The passage most probably continues with a discussion of theories on

(A) the basis of passive plant defense

(B) how chemicals inhibit a parasitic relationship.

(D) the principles of the hypersensitive response.

托福阅读真题训练2

Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets. Of all the birds on these cliffs, the black-legged kittiwake gull is the best suited for nesting on narrow ledges. Although its nesting habits are similar to those of gulls that nest on flat ground, there are a number of important differences related to the cliff-nesting habit.

The advantage of nesting on cliffs is the immunity it gives from foxes, which cannot scale the sheer rocks, and from ravens and other species of gulls, which have difficulty in landing on narrow ledges to steal eggs. This immunity has been followed by a relaxation of the defenses, and kittiwakes do not react to predators nearly as fiercely as do ground-nesting gulls. A colony of Bonaparte's gulls responds to the appearance of a predatory herring gull by flying up as a group with a clamor of alarm calls, followed by concerted mobbing, but kittiwakes simply ignore herring gulls, since they pose little threat to nests on cliffs. Neither do kittiwakes attempt to conceal their nest. Most gulls keep the nest area clear of droppings, and remove empty eggshells after the chicks have hatched, so that the location of the nest is not given away. Kittiwakes defecate over the edge of the nest, which keeps it clean, but this practice, as well as their tendency to leave the nest littered with eggshells, makes its location very conspicuous.

On the other hand, nesting on a narrow ledge has its own peculiar problems, and kittiwake behavior has become adapted to overcome them. The female kittiwake sits when mating, whereas other gulls stand, so the pair will not overbalance and fall off the ledge. The nest is a deep cup, made of mud or seaweed, to hold the eggs safely, compared with the shallow scrape of other gulls, and the chicks are remarkably immobile until fully grown. They do not run from their nests when approached, and if they should come near to the cliff edge, they instinctively turn back.

1. What aspect of the kittiwake gull does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Its defensive behavior

(B) It interactions with other gull species

(D) Its physical difference from other gull species

2. The word rear in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) visit

(B) watch

(D) raise

3. The word scale in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) climb

(B) avoid

(D) measure

4. The word immunity in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) distance

(B) transition

(D) reminder

5. Why is it difficult for ravens to steal the kittiwakes' eggs?

(A) The kittiwakes can see the ravens approaching the nest.

(B) The ravens cannot land on the narrow ledges where kittiwakes nest.

(D) The female kittiwakes rarely leave the nest.

6. The author mentions that eggshells litter around the nests of kittiwakes in order to

(A) demonstrate that kittiwakes are not concerned about predators

(B) prove how busy kittiwakes are in caring for their offspring

(D) illustrate kittiwakes' lack of concern for their chicks

7. According to the passage , it can be inferred that which of the following birds conceal their

nest?

(A) Bonaparte's gulls

(B) Atlantic puffins

(D) Northern gannets

8. The word it in line 17 refers to

(A) location

(B) edge

(D) practice

9. The word conspicuous in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(A) disordered

(B) suspicious

(D) appealing

10. The phrase On the other hand in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) therefore

(B) however

(D) by no means

托福阅读时间不够因为你没做到详略得当

篇2：制作简历如何做到详略得当

制作简历如何做到详略得当

扩写容易缩写难，同样给简历“瘦身”也不是件容易的事。虽说都知道一页纸的简历最完美，但有时候洋洋洒洒的刹不住车难免会出现字数过多的烦恼。那么简历制作时，各部分应该占多少的比例?怎么写才能做到详略得当呢?

简历既不是展示个人才华的舞台，也不是一句话总结自己的便签。字数过多过少，都会影响HR的阅读效果，从而影响你的'求职过程。不要小瞧了详略得当的作用，这可是简历制作的一项最基本的原则，直接决定着简历的命运。

简历中需要详写的部分

在写作简历时，工作内容(方便公司了解招聘的职位与我们是否匹配)、工作中的成绩(体现我们的能力和努力程度)、自己在工作中的提高和成长(体现我们的学习能力和上进心)这三个部分需要展开写作。

之所以写作工作经验，其根本目的是从以往的工作中让面试官看到你的能力。你能做什么、会做什么、做过什么、怎么做的，这些都是判断你个人能力高低的一个衡量标准。这可不是你偷懒的地方，为了不给求职拉后腿，还是抽出几分钟的时间，多写一点吧。

简历中需要略写的部分

像是个人成长史、和个人兴趣爱好，都是简历中一些可有可无的部分。你只要交代清楚你是谁，从哪毕业就好。至于你大一到大四是怎么度过的，看简历的人一点都不关心。

还有，如果没有能为你的求职加分的爱好，这一条还是不写为妙。像是读书、运动、听音乐这样千篇一律的大路货，能不写的就不要占地方了。

篇3：简历制作如何才能做到详略得当？

扩写容易缩写难，同样给简历“瘦身”也不是件容易的事。虽说都知道一页纸的简历最完美，但有时候洋洋洒洒的刹不住车难免会出现字数过多的烦恼。那么简历制作时，各部分应该占多少的比例?怎么写才能做到详略得当呢?中国人才网为大家详细分析下：

简历既不是展示个人才华的舞台，也不是一句话总结自己的便签。字数过多过少，都会影响HR的阅读效果，从而影响你的求职过程。不要小瞧了详略得当的作用，这可是简历制作的一项最基本的原则，直接决定着简历的命运。

简历中需要详写的部分

简历中需要略写的部分

还有，如果没有能为你的求职加分的爱好，这一条还是不写为妙。像是读书、运动、听音乐这样千篇一律的大路货，能不写的就不要占地方了。

篇4：中考作文指导：作文如何做到详略得当

中考作文指导：作文如何做到详略得当

一、依据文题定详略。题目确定了写作的重点，而大多数同学的审题不认真导致重点不突出，重点即是要详写的地方。比如“我的学习乐趣”这个文题，重点是学习生活，其他的事情就不能详写，否则会偏离题目的要求。

二、依据文体定详略。记叙文要把记叙的部分详写，议论、抒情的部分略写，而议论文，就是议论的部分详写，而记叙抒情略写。

另外，以记事为主的文章，故事的.情节应该详写，抒情与议论的内容则要略写;以写人为主的文章，人物的事迹与言行应当详写，而夹在其中的景物描写就不能喧宾夺主，应当略写。反之，写景状物的文章，对景物应当用墨如泼，抒情的文字则可简笔勾勒。

写人的文章，人物的思想品质、成就是写作的重点，人物的外貌、语言、行动、性格、思想品质等也要详写。主要人物要详写，次要人物要略写。如朱自清的《春》中关于春花、春雨、春草等景物的描写。为了把记叙文写得更好，常采用夹叙夹议的方法。但是，必须“叙”详而“议”略，处理得当，才能起到画龙点睛的作用。

三、依据结构定详略。文章的正文部分要详写。开头、结尾，过渡、照应部分要略写。如正文的事件经过要详细叙述。例如：写与好友的一次争执，争执具体过程要详细描写，而其他部分可以略写。

四、依据内容定详略。与中心有紧密关系或直接突出中心的事件、情节要详细写，其他部分略。

篇5：高考写作指导：写作文如何做到详略得当

高考写作指导：写作文如何做到详略得当

想要写好高考作文，你需要掌握一定的技巧，不能所有的地方都写的那么详细，这样显得太墨迹，还不能所有的地方都写的太简略，这样有时又表达不明白，要想写好作文，你必须做到详略得当，那么写作文怎样把握详略得当呢?

第一，依据文题定详略。

题目确定了写作的重点，而大多数同学的审题不认真导致重点不突出，重点即是要详写的地方。比如“我的学习乐趣”这个文题，重点是学习生活，其他的事情就不能详写，否则会偏离题目的要求。

第二，依据文体定详略。

记叙文要把记叙的部分详写，议论、抒情的部分略写，而议论文，就是议论的部分详写，而记叙抒情略写。

另外，以记事为主的文章，故事的情节应该详写，抒情与议论的内容则要略写;以写人为主的文章，人物的事迹与言行应当详写，而夹在其中的'景物描写就不能喧宾夺主，应当略写。反之，写景状物的文章，对景物应当用墨如泼，抒情的文字则可简笔勾勒。

第三，依据结构定详略。

文章的正文部分要详写。开头、结尾，过渡、照应部分要略写。如正文的事件经过要详细叙述。例如：写与好友的一次争执，争执具体过程要详细描写，而其他部分可以略写。

第四，依据内容定详略。

与中心有紧密关系或直接突出中心的事件、情节要详细写，其他部分略。

篇6：托福阅读时间不够怎么办

托福阅读时间不够怎么办?试试这样做阅读题

一.托福阅读考试时间分析

15 分钟一篇，一篇 13/14 道题。(官方要求是 20 分钟一篇)

13 道题中除了 4 道词汇题(30‘’)1 道多选题(1’30‘’)之外，其他题目基本(1‘)一般是在第三段/第四段，大概第 8 题/第 9 题的样子，是一段会出 2 道理解题的段落。题目编排，近几年的官方真题Official 一般第一篇第二篇文章偏难，生词多，第三篇简单难度类似早期官方真题Official。

在题目上一般是(细节词汇，细节作用，细节词汇，细节词汇改写，细节词汇，黑点大意)规律就是每一段都会出细节题(In paragraph n...)再加一道其他题，早期一段只有一道题的情况几乎不存在了。

简单的文章可能会出比较难的大意题，尤其是对比型的简单文章。用上面的标准控制时间，用下面的方法去读的话，20 分钟一般都是够用的。

二.托福阅读省时间做题方法

1.先读前四行

即先阅读文章的首段前4行，注意这里不是前2行，因为现在很多文章首句通常是由专业名词组成或者是一些习语组成，大多数中国学生只知道看完首句，然后他们就崩溃了，因为专业词汇和习惯用语一次性将他们打懵。因此这里建议首先读完前4行来了解文章主题方向。

2.直接做题

直接做题，然后在题中找关键词回到原文进行点查。不过这里点查也是有技巧的。第一题通常是文章的主题题，跳过不做，放到最后来做，其他的很多试题都是标记了行号或者可以通过特殊字符来辨认，比如数字，大写字母，拼写十分怪异的单词等等，当一道题没有这些标示的时候要通过邻近的其他试题来定位本题在原文中的位置。

托福阅读背景积累之传播的发展

THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS (传播的发展)

?WRITING (文字的历史)

?PICTOGRAMS (图像文字)

?CUNEIFORM (楔形文字)

?SYLLABIC WRITING SYSTEM (音节书写系统的出现)

?HIEROGLYPHICS (HOLY + CARVING) (象形文字)

?ROSETTA STONE (解开埃及象形文字之谜：罗塞塔石)

?IDEOGRAPHY (表意文字)

?LOGOGRAPHY (词符文字)

?BONE AND SHELL SCRIPT (甲骨文)

?REBUS (画谜)

?ALPHABET (字母表)

?MANUSCRIPT (手写稿)

?PAPYRUS (纸莎草纸)

?WAX TABLETS (蜡板)

?PARCHMENT (羊皮纸)

?BOOK OF HOURS (每日礼赞)

?PAPER MANUSCRIPTS (纸本手稿)

?TS'AI LUN (蔡伦造纸)

?THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRINTED BOOKS (印刷术的发展)

?THE INVENTION OF MOVABLE TYPE (活字印刷的发明)

?GRAPHIC ARTS (印花艺术)

?ETCHING (蚀刻)

?PRINTMAKING (刻板印刷-版画)

?BROADSIDE (刻板印刷-大报板式)

?THE DEVELOPMENT OF JOURNALISM (新闻业的进展)

?NEWSPAPERS (报纸的历史)

?WEATHER MAPS ON NEWSPAPER (报纸上的天气图)

?PAPARAZZI (狗仔队)

?PULITZER, PRIZES (普利兹奖)

?PERIODICALS (期刊)

?MAGAZINES VS NEWSPAPERS (杂志VS报纸)

?THE INVENTION OF PHOTOGRAPHY FURTHER AIDED COMMUNICATION

(摄影的发明促进传播的发展)

?THE PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS (摄影的发展)

?THE HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY (摄影的历史)

?PINHOLE CAMERA (针孔照相机)

?RIGHT OF PRIVACY (隐私权)

?THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH (电报的发明)

?TELEPHONE (电话的发明)

?OTHER INVENTIONS OF THE LATE 1800 (1800晚期的其它发明)

?THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONICS (电子学的发展)

?THE INVENTION OF RADIO (广播的发明)

?THE DEVELOPMENT OF TELEVISION (电视的发明)

?THE DEVELOPMENT OF FIBER OPTICS (光纤的发展)

?OPTICAL FIBERS FOR MEDICAL USE (光纤在医学上的利用)

?MOTION PICTURES (电影)

?HOW MOTION PICTURES ARE MADE (电影如何制作)

?MOVEMENT (电影的精髓：纪录动作)

?THE HISTORY OF MOTION PICTURES (电影的历史)

?EARLY MOTION PICTURES (早期的电影)

?D. W. GRIFFITH (戴维?沃克葛里?菲斯)

?AFTER WORLD WAR I (一次世界大战之后)

?THE MOVIES TALK (有声电影的发展)

?MOVIES IN THE 1930'S (1930年代的电影)

托福阅读背景之美国历史词汇

?THE 1421 THEORY (14中国发现新大陆)

?EXPLORATION AND EARLY SETTLEMENT(地理探险与早期殖民)

?LOST COLONY & JAMESTOWN(失落的殖民地&美国第一个永远殖民地：詹姆斯镇)

?PLYMOUTH COLONY (普利茅斯殖民地)

?THE THIRTEEN COLONIES (美东最初的十三个殖民地)

?LIFE IN COLONIAL AMERICA (殖民时期美国生活)

?THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR (1754~1763) (印法战争)

?THE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE (美国独立之路)

?THE BOSTON TEA PARTY (波士顿茶会事件)

?TEA HISTORY IN AMERICA (美国茶叶历史)

?THE FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS (第一次大陆会议)

?THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR BEGINS (1775~1783) (美国独立战争)

?COMMON SENSE (常识)

?THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE (独立宣言)

?THE CONSTITUTION (美国宪法)

?THE BILL OF RIGHTS (人权法案)

?THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE (刘易斯安纳购地)

?LEWIS AND CLARK(利瓦伊 & 克拉克将军美西探勘)

?THE WAR OF 1812 (1812~1814) (18英美战争)

?THE NATION MOVES WEST (国家西移)

?ALAMO (德州阿拉莫事件)

?MEXICAN WAR (1846~1848) (美墨战争)

?INDIAN WARS (美国与印地安人的战争)

?GOLD RUSH (淘金潮)

?FORTY-NINERS (旧金山四九人)

?THE CIVIL WAR (1861~1865) (南北战争)

?RESULTS OF THE CIVIAL WAR (南北战争的后果)

?RECONSTRUCTION(战后重建期)

?THE CATTLE KINGDOM OF THE GREAT PLAINS (美国中部大平原上的畜牧王国)

?THE HOMESTEAD ACT (安居法案)

?SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR (1898) (美西战争)

?ROARING TWENTIES 1920’s (辉煌的代)

?THE FLAMING YOUTH (跳跃的烈火青春)

?PROHIBITION (禁酒时期)

?MAFIA (黑手党)

?THE DECLINE OF THE PROHIBITION MOVEMENT (禁酒令的废除)

?THE ECONOMY-BOOM AND BUST (美国二零年代：经济的飙长与迅速萧条)

?GREAT DEPRESSION (经济大萧条)

?CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS(CCC公共资源保护队)

?WORLD WAR II (1939~1945) (二次世界大战)

?POPULATION BOOM IN THE WEST (战后的人口西拓)

托福阅读背景知识之那些越吃心情越好的食物

The saying “you are what you eat” may have some merit when it comes to your mood. Many people fail to realize that a majority of the chemicals that regulate our moods actually come from the nutrients in the food we eat.

有句话怎么说来着，“吃什么可以决定心情”，要想改善心情，食物可以帮大忙。很多人都没有意识到我们食物中富含很多营养化学物质，这些都对提升心情有好处哦。

If your mood is not what you'd like it to be, stock up on foods that will give you a much-needed boost.

如果心情不是很好，那就吃点会让你开心的食物来个好心情大爆发吧。

Cold Water Fish 冷水性鱼类

A deficit in omega-3 fatty acids can reduce the efficiency or movement of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, which can throw your mood off balance.

缺乏ω-3脂肪酸会降低诸如神经递质5-羟色胺的分泌，这将会使情绪失衡。

Cold water fish like salmon, tuna or sardines can put you back on track and offer an easy snacking source to boost your mood and satisfy your appetite.

像大马哈鱼、金枪鱼以及沙丁鱼这类的冷水性鱼类可以让你回到正轨，可当零食来吃，既能改善心情，还能大饱口福哦。

Nuts 坚果

Nuts are another great source of omega-3 fatty acids. This option works especially well for vegetarians.

坚果也是富含ω-3脂肪酸的食物之一。这可是素食主义者的最好选择哦。

Spruce up oatmeal with a variety of walnuts, pecans and almonds or experience the mood-boosting benefits of nuts with a peanut butter snack bar when you’re in a rush and a little flustered.

在燕麦里加点核桃、胡桃和杏仁，或是在忙碌疲惫时吃根花生酱能量棒享受一下坚果带来的好心情吧。

Spinach 菠菜

Adding folic acid to your diet can increase the serotonin levels in your brain and calm your mood at the same time. Cooked spinach is a good source of folic acid.

在饮食中添加点叶酸可以提高大脑中血清素水平，同时能放松心情，而煮熟的菠菜里富含叶酸。

When your mood is low, fix yourself a salad of spinach, lima beans and chopped root vegetables to boost your spirits and your folate intake.

情绪低落时，不如吃个菠菜、青豆和切碎的蔬菜根沙拉吧，这样可以改善心情，同时保证叶酸摄入哦。

Whole Grains 全谷类

Get a daily dose of selenium by incorporating more whole grains into your diet. A lack of selenium can make you anxious, irritable, hostile and depressed.

饮食里加点粗粮能补充每日所需的硒，缺硒会让你焦虑易怒，敌对且压抑。

Opt for whole-grain breads and cereals to start your day off on the right foot and in the best state of mind.

选择全谷类面包或谷类能保证你每天心情舒畅哦。

High-Protein Foods 高蛋白食物

Fill your daily diet with high-protein foods such as oats, bananas, dried dates and low-fat dairy products to jump start your new attitude. These snacking sources provide the best sources for tryptophan.

每日餐饮中加入燕麦、香蕉、干枣等高蛋白低脂肪食物能让你心情大好，这些小吃可都富含色氨酸哦。

Tryptophan plays an important role in regulating mood, and decreasing tryptophan can lead to increased aggression. It is not produced by our body naturally, so it’s critical that we get it from our diet.”

色氨酸在调节情绪上起着至关重要的作用，缺乏色氨酸会导致负面情绪增加。由于我们人体无法自然分泌出色氨酸，所以不妨在饮食里有意识的摄入一点吧。

Fresh Fruits and Veggies 新鲜水果和蔬菜

Eating healthy tastes good and helps you feel better. Toss out those sugar-packed treats and stock up on fresh fruits and veggies.

饮食健康不仅是一种享受同时还能改善心情。别再吃那些添加大量糖分的零食啦，选择新鲜的水果和蔬菜吧。

Sugar spikes and drops your blood sugar, leaving you feeling cranky and moody. Changing your diet can be difficult, but you have to be able to tolerate temptations.”

糖分会使血糖峰值下降，让你变得暴躁和喜怒无常。改变饮食的确十分困难，但是你必须能抵挡诱惑。

Fiber-Rich Foods 高纤维食物

Kormeili recommends attacking that bad mood with fiber. Foods rich in soluble fiber, such as barley, apples, oranges, sweet potatoes, carrots and beans can drastically boost your mood and spruce up your good cheer.

认为想要对抗坏情绪，不妨试试纤维吧。那些富含可溶性纤维的食物，如大麦、苹果、橙子、甜土豆、胡萝卜和大豆可以大大提升你的情绪哦。

They slow down the absorption of sugar in your blood and therefore potentially lessen blood sugar and mood swings.

这些会减缓血液中对糖分的吸收，从而降低血糖，防止情绪波动。

Pumpkin Seeds 南瓜籽

You don’t have to wait for the fall season to break out the pumpkin seeds. High in tryptophan and zinc, pumpkin seeds are calming and offer a great snack to help balance blood sugar during any season.

其实你不用等到秋天来收集南瓜籽啦。由于富含色氨酸和锌，南瓜籽是绝好的零食，可以在任何时候平衡血糖哦。

Spice up the seeds and your taste buds by baking them with sea salt, turmeric, ginger and pepper.

要想有滋味点，不如试试干炒，外加海盐、姜黄、生姜和胡椒。

Eggs 鸡蛋

Start your day off with a homemade breakfast that will boost your mood and your energy level. Eggs have amino acids for making feel-good chemicals like serotonin. They are great for breakfast and getting a good start to the day to prevent blood sugar swings.

早起吃一顿爱心早餐能提升心情和能量哦。鸡蛋富含让人心情好的化学物质氨基酸，如血清素。早餐吃鸡蛋是绝好的选择，开启美好的新一天，还能防止血糖浮动。

So whip up an omelet, boil an egg for a midday snack or scramble eggs with your favorite veggies and feel the mood-boosting effects.

所以无论是煎鸡蛋，煮鸡蛋，中午吃或是和喜欢的蔬菜配在一起，都能让你觉得心情大好。

Vitamin C Sources 富含维他命C食物

Mild to moderate deficiency of vitamin C may be associated with increased nervousness and anxiety. Boost your immunity, protect against toxins and improve your mood by adding more oranges, bell peppers, potatoes, broccoli, kale and leafy greens to your diet.

轻度及中度缺乏维生素C会增加紧张和焦虑。想要提高免疫力，抗毒，提高心情，就多吃点诸如橘子、灯笼椒、土豆、西兰花、羽衣甘蓝这样的食物。

Dark green leafy vegetables like spinach, kale and chard contain plenty of calming magnesium as well as good amounts of the B vitamins.

深绿色叶子的蔬菜，比如菠菜、甘蓝和甜菜富含镁以及大量的维生素B。

篇7：托福阅读好难，时间不够咋办

托福阅读好难，时间不够咋办

很多考生在平时练习时习惯边读文章边在题目上划线，似乎不做记号，思维就无法跟上托福阅读的速度，但是到了真正上机考试，不能对文章做记号的时候，考生难免会乱了阵脚。

有些考生因为托福阅读时间紧，所以根本没等读完全文就直接做托福阅读试题，这种抱着侥幸心理的考生真的上了考场其实是很危险的，因为单凭对文章局部的理解，根本无法掌握文章的整体内容和观点。

而还有一些考生必须把文章一字不漏的阅读和翻译之后才能做题，往往忽视了阅读的速度，这种细读的方法之适用于两种情况：一种是考生已经具备相当强的阅读水平，而且长期运用这种方法，另外一种是这篇文章是你曾经读到过的，即使一字一句的读也不会花太多时间。

很多人都认为词汇题的做的好不好完全取决于自己的词汇量，事实上词汇量是占了相当一部分比重，但是不知道大家是否有过这样的经历，有时候不认识的词经过对上下文的理解和分析也可以作对，反而是那些认识的词汇经常出错，这是因为大家在面对自己有把握的词汇时，往往忽略了上下文的重要性，凭感觉选出了一个自认为理所当然的答案。所以，做好词汇题的关键就在于透彻分析上下文，有时候，个别词汇题也许需要在文章其他段落寻找线索。

其实阅读部分不仅是测试大家对托福文章的理解，还包括阅读的速度，这两方面都不能被忽视，光是具备扎实的基础还远远不够，还需要搭配运用巧妙的做题技巧才能取得阅读高分。

College courses aren’t all “Econ 1011”

and “The History of Europe: 1500-Present”. A trend among many colleges and universities is to offer courses that are slightly off the beaten track . Many of these courses draw their themes from pop culture or sports, or they may be the brainchildren of professors who want to share their passion with students. They may be no less serious than traditional courses, but they certainly cover new academic ground. Students take these off beat courses for a variety of reasons—hoping for an easy A, to try something fun, or to explore a new interest.

1) You can boldly go where no other philosophy student has gone before in Georgetown University ’s “Philosophy and Star Trek” course, where students discuss the nature of time travel, the ability of computers to think and feel, and other philosophical dilemmas facing the crew of the Starship Enterprise.

2) Discover how Brick really felt when Opal left him for his neighbor’s best friend’s sister in the University of Wisconsin’s course entitled “Daytime Serials: Family and Social Roles.” Students analyze

the plots, themes, and characters of daytime soaps and discuss their impact on modern life.

3) If you’ve been longing to research how hot d_s, theme parks, and the five-day workweek have impacted American leisure culture, check out the University of Iowa course “The American Vacation”. This course pays particular attention to how American families’ varying backgrounds shape their vacation experiences.

4) Bowdoin College students can delve into “The Horror Film in Context” in the school’s English Department. Students read Freud and Poe and watch Hitchcock and Craven， all while discussing the horror genre’ s treatment of gender, class, and family.

5) At Williams College, students can learn more about those in the cement shoe industry by enrolling in “Comparative History of Organized Crime”， which compares the work of goodfellas from the United States, Italy, Japan, and Russia.

6) If you’ve got a romantic urge for adventure, check out Barnard College’s course on “The Road Movie”， which studies Easy Rider and Thelma and Louise, while also discussing the genre’s literary precursors , like On the Road and The Odyssey.

7) If hitting the road doesn’t satisfy your rebellious streak, sign up for Brown University’s course on “American Degenerates”， in which students discuss how early British-American writers embraced the grotesque , monstrous, “not our kind” status bestowed on them by the mother country and reflected their zeal for cultural and physical degeneracy in their literature.

8) Those artsy types at the Rhode Island School of Design can put down their paintbrushes and take “The Art of Sin and the Sin of Art”， which contemplates the relationship between sin and the art world. The course catal_ invites you to “lust with the saints and burn with the sinners ”.

9) If talking about death several times a week in class sounds like a good time to you, try Purdue University’s “Death and the Nineteenth Century” course. Every poem and novel in the course deals with the 19th-century conception of mortality and the world beyond.

10) At Centre College in Danville, Kentucky, students can take “Art of Walking”， in which students not only read literature by noted perambulators like Kant and Nietzsche, but go for neighborhood strolls with their professor and his d_.

Most college pr_rams offer interesting courses to introduce you to new and fascinating subject matters. Take advantage of the many possibilities offered to you by sitting down with your advisor to talk about course options and then really thinking about the courses you choose to take.

例如当你看到一篇文章，首先要扫一下第一段，看看文章的难易程度，一般情况，平均每篇文章用时11分钟左右，5篇文章中一定有2篇难度稍微大一些，所以首先定位文章的难度和分数的比重，有助于合理的安排做题时间，以便在相同的时间内拿到最多的分数。

然后，建议大家从文章的结构入手。文章的首句尤为重要，首句经常涉及了文章的主题。其他段落也是主要看首句，后面的部分一般都是用来说明段落主题句的，所以略读带过即可，没必要每个句子都理解到位，白白浪费时间。这样掌握每段大意，就不至于出现大方向上的理解偏差。

托福阅读时间不够用因为什么

1.逐字翻译导致读句子的速度慢

很多同学在翻译句子的过程中，都没有一个良好的习惯，只是机械地把所有英文单词的中文意思堆砌起来。对于简单句来说，这样做其实无可厚非;但是遇到语法结构稍微复杂的句子，这种方法便会立刻失效，于是同学们便会不断重复回看这句话，想要弄清楚它的意思，这样便造成了时间上的极大浪费。所以我们在平时练习过程中需要训练自己养成一个良好的阅读习惯，不要被那些单词牵着走，而要主动地去分析句子结构：句子主语是谁?这个主语怎么了，发生了什么事?谁是修饰成分?谁才是真正的谓语?当我们能够做到读完一句理解一句，相信我们自然就能在要求时间之内答完题了。

2.练习少，对题目缺乏熟悉度

许多同学把备考托福阅读等同于背单词，因而一天到晚只跟单词书亲近，却不曾正眼看过TPO中的阅读文章。背单词固然重要，毕竟单词不会，文章也无法理解。但是想要提高分数、想要冲刺阅读高分，那我们就必须把TPO阅读文章当作圣经一样来对待。这不只是草草做题对答案了事，更是通过大量做题，来增强自己对于托福阅读出题套路的了解，以期掌握每种题型的应对方案，争取做到读完题之后，能够立刻找到题干中的有效关键词，再迅速回文定位答案。同学们不要觉得题海战术是很笨的方法，多年实践已经证明，它其实是一种很有效率的学习方法，关键在于我们是否能够通过题海战术有所收获，而不是为了做题而做题。

3. 文章结构不够熟悉

我特别强调做完题后，分析每篇文章的文章结构这件事。为什么?因为文章结构大概也就那么几种，见得多了，便就一见如故了。在考场上，我们根本没有时间为了最后一道题而把文章再通读一便。而倘若我们在做题过程中，就能迅速总结出每一段的中心意思，那么这篇文章我们一定会读得更通透，在做每一段相应的题时也就能够提高准确率。而能否迅速总结出段落大意就依赖于平时严格的训练。不要做完了题就万事大吉，把每篇文章充分利用起来，观察它们的结构，多做总结，这样的工作做得多了，必然会有所收获的。

托福阅读时间分配

关于托福考场各科时间安排：

阅读：1 个小时(遇加试时，时间为 1 个小时 40 分钟)。阅读第一篇20分钟，第二三篇一起计时共40分钟，(如果碰到加试就再加40分钟)。就是说阅读不是60分钟就是100分钟。

听力：1 个小时左右 (遇加试时，时间为 1 个小时 30 分钟左右)。听力是一篇对话两篇讲座连一起，共10分钟答题(不包括听材料时间)，如果碰到加试就再多听一篇对话两篇讲座和10分钟答题。

中场休息：10 分钟

口语：20 分钟左右 (通常不会遇到加试)。口语共6个问题，问题一二都是听完后准备15秒，然后答题(就是说话)时间45秒。。问题3-6就是准备30秒说一分钟。

写作：55 分钟左右 (通常不会遇到加试)。作文第一个综合作文，先有3分钟看材料，然后听材料时间不一定，最后20分钟写作文。。然后独立作文就是30分钟。

总之连上休息时间差不多4个小时。

考生应该在考试当天上午 8:30 之前到达考场，否则将被拒绝入场。一般来说会在 9 点左右开始考试。考试的时候，有的人可能会仔细阅读各部分的考试说明，会多花一部分时间(不计入答题时间)，有的人可能快速跳过考试说明，甚至题目做完之后没等时间到就提交答案进入下一部分，会比其他人更早结束考试。如果碰到加试的内容不一样，考试结束时间就差别更大了。

关于托福阅读时间分配

托福阅读考试的考试时间是60分钟，共有三篇阅读文章。如果遇到加试，会多两篇文章，时间会增加40分钟，共100分钟。每篇文章有12-14道题目，都是选择题。根据考试时间和文章数量的关系来看，在每篇文章上最多用时20分钟。所以在平时的练习中要养成计时做题的习惯，最好每篇文章控制在15分钟之内。因为实际的考试中有难有易，并且会有紧张等突发状况，所以要在练习中学会预留时间。

提醒考生，每一个人的考试结束时间并不相同，大部分人会在 1 点左右结束考试，大家可以提前做好心理准备。

托福阅读材料：华尔街最受青睐的职业

华尔街是全美乃至全球的经济中心，如何能够在华尔街站住脚呢?选择一个最受华尔街青睐的职业是最方便的了。下面，就跟新东方留学一起，进入今天的托福阅读材料吧!

Wall Street has undergone a radical face lift this year, but finance industry recruiters are expected to stick to roughly the same formula when looking to fill entry-level positions with college graduates in the future.

华尔街如今已经彻底改头换面了。不过，金融业招聘人士在寻找大学毕业生填补初级职位空缺的时候，预计仍将坚持与以往大致相同的甄选原则。

Wealth management, investment banking and research are expected to see a hiring surge in the coming years, according to Joseph Logan, founder and managing director of Pinnacle Group International, a New York executive recruiting firm specializing in the financial services industry.

Pinnacle Group International的创始人兼董事总经理约瑟夫洛根(Joseph Logan)表示，财富管理、投资银行和研究领域有望在未来几年掀起招聘热潮。Pinnacle Group International是纽约一家专业服务于金融服务业的高管猎头公司。

'A strong background in accounting plus financial [knowledge in] evaluation is the key-and being well-rounded will help a lot,' says David Smith, an associate professor at the McIntire School of Commerce at the University of Virginia who specializes in corporate finance and banking. Strong social skills and the ability to think creatively are important to round out more technical and quantitative talents.

“会计和财务估值方面的过硬背景是应聘成功的关键，知识全面也会大有帮助，”弗吉尼亚大学(University of Virginia)麦金太尔商学院(McIntire School of Commerce)专门从事企业财务和银行业研究的副教授史密斯(David Smith)表示。出色的社交技能和创新思维能力对于那些偏重技术性和数理方面的人才来说是个重要的补充。

Mr. Smith, who helps prepare students for finance job interviews, advises the students who want to head to Wall Street to eschew finance fads like the current demand in restructuring or credit derivatives which were hot two years ago and focus on becoming fluent in accounting and financial evaluation fundamentals that are applicable to any specialty. As the economy recovers more traditional financial services functions, such as mergers and acquisitions advisory will make a comeback, according to Mr. Smith .

史密斯帮助学生们为金融职位面试做准备。他向那些希望在华尔街发展的学生们建议说，要避开金融业一时的潮流,比如眼下对两年前颇为流行的重组或者信用衍生品方面的人才需求，而将目光集中在像会计和财务估值基本知识这样适用于所有金融领域的研究。随着经济的复苏,那些更为传统的金融服务业务比如并购咨询行业将重新焕发活力,史密斯表示。

Hard skills such as 'budgeting, forecasting, financial models and, for example, transaction-oriented proficiencies' that point to a 'strong business acumen' will be weighed in the recruitment process said Terri L. Gregos, director of college relations at Bank of New York Mellon, a global financial services firm.

“能够表明应聘者拥有一个敏锐头脑的比如做预算、预测、金融模型和交易技巧”这样的专业技能将在招聘阶段得到考察，全球性的金融服务企业纽约银行(Bank of New York Mellon)大学关系部门的负责人格瑞高斯(Terri L. Gregos)表示。

Other factors that make up the traditional formula include a high grade point average, sound quantitative skills-a desirable trait among engineering and mathematics majors-internship experience at a finance firm, and the ability to communicate effectively.

传统用人标准中的其他条件还包括优秀的学业成绩、扎实的数理计算能力──这是工程学和数学专业毕业生所具备的一个吸引人的特点──金融公司的实习经验以及有效沟通能力。

What may be the biggest change on the hiring landscape is the cast of recruiters. Smaller boutique and advisory firms are likely to continue their growth spurt over the next few years to fill the space left behind by the contracting firms like Bank of America and Citigroup. The middle market investment bank Jefferies & Co., for example, is expanding at a rapid clip and Mr. Smith predicts it could become a big player in a few years. The bank has added almost 250 workers since the end of , according to the firm's third-quarter earnings report.

在招聘方面的最大改变可能要算是雇主了。小型投行和咨询公司有可能在未来几年延续它们的飞速增长势头，以弥补诸如美国银行(Bank of America)和花旗(Citigroup)这样的公司留下的空白。举例来说，中间市场投资银行Jefferies & Co.正在迅速扩张，史密斯预计这家公司将在未来几年变得举足轻重。该公司第三季度的财报显示，Jefferies & Co.从底开始已经增加了近250名员工。

Since most of the small firms lack the infrastructure to train new hires as intensely as their larger rivals, finance or business majors could be more attractive than an English or history concentration, says Barbara Hewitt, senior associate director of the career services center of the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.

由于大多数小公司缺少像大公司那样对新员工进行严格培训的组织结构，金融或商业专业的毕业生可能比英语或历史专业的毕业生更受青睐，宾夕法尼亚大学(University of Pennsylvania)沃顿商学院职业服务中心高级副主任休伊特(Barbara Hewitt)表示。

Students at liberal arts schools that don't offer intensive finance and accounting classes can develop a solid entry-level finance resume by enrolling in basic accounting and macro and micro economic courses. They can also bulk up on the more technical areas of finance by enrolling in summer classes at other institutions.

那些在不提供金融、会计高级课程的文科院校读书的学生们通过注册学习基础的会计和宏观、微观经济学课程也能拥有一份适合金融业初级职位的简历。他们还可以通过报名参加其他学校的夏季课程增强自己对更为专业的金融学知识的掌握。

Meanwhile, fields like risk management may be gaining traction on Wall Street today in the wake of the financial crisis. Ms. Hewitt says employers have also been posting more positions in risk management this year than before. And more than 23,000 of finance professionals have registered to take the financial risk management certification exam this year, a 70% increase compared to 2008, according to the Global Association of Risk Professionals, the organization that administers the exam.

与此同时，在金融危机爆发后，像风险管理这样的领域或许正在华尔街日渐走红。休伊特说，今年各大公司在风险管理方面的招聘职位也多过往年。今年超过2.3万名金融专业人士注册参加金融风险管理资格证书考试，这个数字和20相比增加了70%，组织这项考试的全球风险管理专业人士协会(Global Association of Risk Professionals)表示。

And while was a down year for wealth managers, many firms are now in growth mode in an attempt to regain assets that were lost during the recession. JPMorgan Chase & Co. plans to hire about 600 brokers for its retail brokerage unit Bear Stearns Private Client Services and will open three offices next year, according to statements by executives at the firm. Credit Suisse Group also announced plans to add approximately 200 wealth managers each year, boosting its number of relationship managers to 4,000 by the end of from the present 3,400.

尽管对于财富管理者们来说不是个好年头，但许多公司眼下仍正处在增长阶段。它们正在努力重新获得那些在经济衰退中失去的资产。摩根大通公司(JPMorgan Chase & Co.)计划为其零售经纪业务贝尔斯登私人客户服务(Bear Stearns Private Client Services)聘用大约600名经纪人，该公司明年还将开设三家办事处。瑞士信贷集团(Credit Suisse Group)也表示，计划每年增加约200名财富管理经理，这样一来，到年底，该公司客户经理的人数将从目前的3,400人增加到4,000人。

篇8：托福阅读别看技巧了!这两点你做到没

托福阅读别看技巧了!这两点你做到没?

一、托福阅读看词汇

我给自己定的托福阅读目标是100分，但是第一次做真题下来，分数简直惨不忍睹!这可怎么是好?在阅读训练中，我发现词汇很多不认识，大大影响阅读速度和理解，所以我觉得词汇量真的是很重要的因素。我大学四级才440分的水平，基本就没什么词汇量。所以我开始沉下心来准备背单词征程，虽然这个过程中冗长且乏味。我一共啃了两本单词书：大学四级单词新东方和托福单词21天。乱序版的大学四级单词新东方背了7遍，呵呵，可想而知我有多熟。把书扔掉的时候很多书页已经烂了。托福单词21天背了4遍，不认识的单词，能够通过单词的长相词根词缀等准确的猜出单词的意思。最后是一些分类词汇也间歇的看了一下。觉得词汇量有着长足的进步。

二、托福阅读遇到长难句怎么办?

托福阅读中遇到长难句子基本就懵比，是不是你的写照。而且长难句的运用穿插在托福阅读十大题型中的任何一类，它不仅与句子简化题息息相关，更与细节题、推断题、修辞目的题等其它题型相扣。而且看不懂长难句，无法迅速抓住这个句子的重点，托福阅读基本就死，就算答案定位准确了，也无法做对题目。

三、托福阅读如何练习看懂长难句

(1)找到合适的长难句+拆解/翻译练习

语法较规整且有很多的变化的长难句最适合用来做练习，接下来，就是做最基本的长句拆解翻译练习。长句如何拆解，这个说起来挺复杂的，可以关注我们公众号：就爱说英语，会有相关资料推送。

(2)有一定逻辑、语法基础之后，可以去练习句子简化题。

(3)使用阅读文章中长的段落，进行上下文练习，这时的练习不仅仅包括对单个长难句的理解，还包括对段落特征词、功能词的理解，段落结构的理解。做完这部分的练习你会发现长句也并非那么长了。(更多托福培训内容：www.e2say.com/course/toefl/)

四、最后我的托福阅读分数...

最后，我的托福阅读分数上了28分，让我欣喜若狂。主要是扎实的单词基础以及对长难句子的训练有效果。所以最后总结一下，背单词真得很重要。不是背完就可以，单词书一定要连轴转，碾压它。

杀托之路，信心是必不可少的，如果你们觉得战胜托福阅读没有信心，看看我这个学渣，连我都可以过，你们也可以!

托福阅读真题100篇原文+题目1

PASSAGE 21

The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from its colonial predecessors was far from a rich one, and in fact, in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands of artisans and craftspeople. Stone carvers engraved their motifs of skulls and crossbones and other religious icons of death into the gray slabs that we still see standing today in old burial grounds. Some skilled craftspeople made intricately carved wooden ornamentations for furniture or architectural decorations, while others caved wooden shop signs and ships' figureheads. Although they often achieved expression and formal excellence in their generally primitive style, they remained artisans skilled in the craft of carving and constituted a group distinct from what we normally think of as sculptors in today's use of the word.

On the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired, Americans turned to foreign sculptors, as in the 1770's when the cities of New York and Charleston, South Carolina, commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pitt. Wilton also made a lead equestrian image of King George III that was created in New York in 1770 and torn down by zealous patriots six years later. A few marble memorials with carved busts, urns, or other decorations were produced in England and brought to the colonies to be set in the walls of churches — as in King's Chapel in Boston. But sculpture as a high art, practiced by artists who knew both the artistic theory of their Renaissance-Baroque-Rococo predecessors and the various technical procedures of modeling, casting, and carving rich three-dimensional forms, was not known among Americans in 1776. Indeed, for many years thereafter, the United States had two groups from which to choose — either the local craftspeople or the imported talent of European sculptors.

The eighteenth century was not one in which powered sculptural conceptions were developed. Add to this the timidity with which unschooled artisans — originally trained as stonemasons, carpenters, or cabinetmakers — attacked the medium from which they sculpture made in the United States in the late eighteenth century.

1. What is the main idea of the passage ?

(A) There was great demand for the work of eighteenth-century artisans.

(B) Skilled sculptors did not exist in the United States in the 1770's.

(D) American sculptors were hampered by a lack of tools and materials.

2. The word motifs in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) tools

(B) prints

(D) designs

3. The work of which of the following could be seen in burial grounds?

(A) European sculptors

(B) Carpenters

(D) Cabinetmakers

4. The word others in line 6 refers to

(A) craftspeople

(B) decorations

(D) shop signs

5. The word distinct in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) separate

(B) assembled

(D) inferior

6. The word rare in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) festive

(B) infrequent

(D) unexpected

7. Why does the author mention Joseph Wilton in line 13?

(A) He was an English sculptor who did work in the United States.

(B) He was well known for his wood carvings

(D) He settled in the United States in 1776.

8. What can be inferred about the importation of marble memorials from England?

(A) Such sculpture was less expensive to produce locally than to import

(B) Such sculpture was not available in the United States.

(D) The materials found abroad were superior.

9. How did the work of American carvers in 1776 differ from that of contemporary sculptors?

(A) It was less time-consuming

(B) It was more dangerous.

(D) It was less refined.

答案：BDCAA BABD

托福阅读真题100篇原文+题目2

PASSAGE 22

Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part, by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential feature of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicious with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city.

One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price.

While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth century

(B) The role of government in twentieth century urban renewal

(D) Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century

2. The word bias in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) diagonal

(B) slope

(D) prejudice

3. The first paragraph suggests that most people who lived in rural areas

(A) were suspicious of their neighbors

(B) were very proud of their lifestyle

(D) wanted to move to the cities

4. In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city in order to

(A) participate in the urban reform movement

(B) seek financial security

(D) avoid crime and corruption

5. The word embraced in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) suggested

(B) overestimated

(D) welcomed

6. What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies?

(A) They feared the services would not be made available to all city dwellers.

(B) They believed private ownership would slow economic growth

(D) They wanted to ensure that the services would be provided to rural areas.

7. The word exorbitant in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(A) additional

(B) expensive

(D) modified

8. All of the following were the direct result of public utility reforms EXCEPT

(A) local governments determined the rates charged by private utility companies

(B) some utility companies were owned and operated by local governments

(D) private utility companies were required to pay a fee to local governments

9. The word Proponents in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(A) Experts

(B) Pioneers

(D) Supporters

10. Why does the author mention industrialization (line 24)?

(A) To explain how fast urban growth led to poorly designed cities

(B) To emphasize the economic importance of urban areas

(D) To illustrate the need for construction of new factories

答案：CDBBD ABDDA

篇9：【名师答疑】如何解决托福阅读时间不够

【名师答疑】如何解决托福阅读时间不够?

来不及做完托福阅读所有的题目，到第三篇阅读练习时只剩下10分钟左右的时间，阅读篇章太长，阅读量太大，速度跟不上，整个阅读部分坐下来晕晕乎乎，时间越紧迫，做题越迷茫，完全不知道在看什么。上述所提及的现象是很多参加托福考试的同学所共有的。但是能否避免这样的现象发生呢，答案是肯定的。

一. 词汇是基础。

要想做好阅读，首先要理解文章。那一篇文章到底是怎样构成的呢?

最小的单位就是词，各式各样的词按照不同句型构成了句子，常见的有10大逻辑关系，包括因果，并列，转折等，对此累积掌握常见的逻辑关系提示词非常重要，比如therefore，consequently的出现表明因果关系的存在。最后不同段落按照一定的结构，如总分式结构，就是我们所熟悉的总分，总分总，或者分总构成了篇章，或者是段落之间是相对独立的平行关系，也可能是对照式结构，此类文章包含两个形成对比的大概念，它们所具有的特点，比如tpo12里就有一篇文章water indessert，主要介绍了沙漠中的水，文章对内流河和外流河两种河流进行描述。所以要想准确无误及快速理解文章，首先要巩固基础，先理解认识单词。

另外一般情况下(除非加试)一场托福考试，阅读部分要求在60分钟的时间内完成3篇练习，平均每篇20分钟，值得一提的是，一定要把握好第一篇练习的时间，第一篇如果花太久，这样在做第三篇时就会很紧张，这样对第三篇练习不公平，因为它有可能很简单。托福阅读共有10大类题型(其中指代题已不考)，其中中有词汇题的存在，一篇练习有14道题左右，计算一下，一道题平均可被分配到的时间不到1.5分钟，但14道题中会包含3-5题词汇题，如果人认识这个词汇，就能秒杀这一类型的题，那也能给其他题型省下不少时间，所以要想提升做题速度，单词先背熟。

二. 掌握技巧解题，有选择性阅读。

一篇托福阅读平均字数为700字左右，还是学术性较强的文章，想要一字一句读懂每一句话并在练习时还能记得自己所看到过的内容，这需要超强的阅读能力。但对于大多数备考学生，这还是存在一定难度，所以解题过程中最关键的是有选择性阅读，这就要求我们一方面，多做练习，熟悉文章结构(托福阅读考试的文章结构也就那么几种，上述内容中就有一个例子)，另一方面，好好利用tpo，大量练习，概括总结分析每一类题型，了解托福阅读出题套路，解题时就有的放矢。比如肯定事实细节题，我们要做的就是要找关键词，定位。如果题干给出足够信息，那就在原文快速浏览找到题干信息在文章的出处，阅读所在或临近的句子，直接选择。如果题干只是笼统的说according to paragraph X, which of the following is true? 这时候就找到选项中的关键词，然后回原文找到出处，再做比对。切记盲目阅读，题目看懂了再读原文。值得一提的是，对于选项，要擅用直选法和排除法结合，选择时看到相互矛盾或者意思冲突的选项时可以直接排除。另外阅读考试中的错误选项也是有各类特征的，熟练认知各种特征，可以大大提神解题速度。

三. 长难句要分析。

定位到信息不难，定位到了读不懂意思才是悲哀。很多同学在解题时不会主动去分析句子，遇到语法结构稍复杂的句子，就只会机械的逐字翻译，每个词都认识，但是句子读不懂，这个也是白搭。所以在累积词汇的基础上，平时的训练当中一定要多花时间在句子分析这一块。分析过程中我们需要的是弄清楚这句话主语是什么，怎么了，发生什么事，谁是修饰成分，哪部分才是真正的谓语。

四. 熟悉托福考试模式，知己知彼。

有这样一些同学，平时在纸上做托福阅读时，速度特别快，也习惯在纸上划各种线索，关键词句，但是碰到托福阅读就没法正常发挥好实力。因为托福是机考，机考，机考。。。所以要在正式考试前，熟悉机考环境，克服电脑上阅读的不适应性，建议备考后期一定要在电脑上多进行三篇阅读的连续限时练习，在阅读过程中不要拿笔或手去点屏幕阅读。

托福阅读训练需要注重哪三方面

托福阅读要想拿到一个理想分数主要依赖于以下三个方面的训练，词汇，阅读技巧，解题训练等：

首先是词汇，从某种意义上来讲，词汇量的大小是TOEFL阅读理解高分的基础和关键。如果词汇量没有达到基本要求(五千以上)，纵然你有“葵花宝典”在手，也只能命丧ETS的“毒招”之下。所以，以牺牲词汇量为代价的技巧练习简直是一味巨毒无比的“五毒散”。

再有就是一些托福阅读技巧。TOEFL的阅读量非常大，一般的中国考生根本无法把文章全部读完，所谓的“扫读法”、“跳读法”和“略读法”也只能适用于少数类型的文章，根本不能解决本质问题。那么，文章到底应该怎么读法呢?一句话，主动地阅读文章的关键部位。所谓主动是指不能象一般的阅读那样完全被动地接受信息，而应该不断的进行思考和预测;所谓关键部位，主要是每一段的开头和结尾部分。由于TOEFL的阅读理解文章全部选自于正式出版物，文章的逻辑结构非常完整和严谨，而且出现的逻辑模式也是屈指可数。经过系统的训练，考生的预测可以做到非常准确的程度。这样，通过阅读文章的几处关键部位，就能很快地把握整个文章的结构和内在的逻辑关系，也就解决了问题的70%。

除此之外就是解题训练，排除法恐怕是一直以来大多数学生在解阅读理题目时使用最多的方法。事实上，这种方法具有致命的缺点：干扰大、费时间。更有效和迅速的办法是读完题干之后，就在脑子反映出一个模糊的或者是不完整的答案，然后直接在选项中寻找接近的答案进行判断。这种能力必须在平时的训练和讲解中逐渐养成和加强，决非什么技巧之类的东西可以替代。

除了上述托福阅读训练需注重哪三方面之外，如果能够对一些基本的背景知识加以补充的话，更能确保阅读理解的准确率和速度。需要指出的是，托福阅读的真正提高并不是去学习一些技巧，而是在训练中养成一种无意识的使用技巧的习惯，做到实力与技巧巧妙的结合。

托福阅读真题练习1

Any rock that has cooled and solidified from a molten state is an igneous rock. Therefore, if the Earth began as a superheated sphere in space, all the rocks making up its crust may well have been igneous and thus the ancestors of all other rocks. Even today, approximately 95 percent of the entire crust is igneous. Periodically, molten material wells out of the Earth's interior to invade the surface layers or to flow onto the surface itself. This material cools into a wide variety of igneous rocks. In the molten state, it is called magma as it pushes into the crust and lava when it runs out onto the surface.

All magma consists basically of a variety of silicate minerals (high in silicon-oxygen compounds), but the chemical composition of any given flow may differ radically from that of any other. The resulting igneous rocks will reflect these differences. Igneous rocks also vary in texture as well as chemistry. Granite, for instance, is a coarse-grained igneous rock whose individual mineral crystals have formed to a size easily seen by the naked eye. A slow rate of cooling has allowed the crystals to reach this size. Normally, slow cooling occurs when the crust is invaded by magma that remains buried well below the surface. Granite may be found on the surface of the contemporary landscape, but from its coarse texture we know that it must have formed through slow cooling at a great depth and later been laid bare by erosion. Igneous rocks with this coarse-grained texture that formed at depth are called plutonic.

On the other hand, if the same magma flows onto the surface and is quickly cooled by the atmosphere, the resulting rock will be fine-grained and appear quite different from granite, although the chemical composition will be identical. This kind of rock is called rhyolite. The most finely grained igneous rock is volcanic glass or obsidian, which has no crystals. Some researchers believe this is because of rapid cooling; others believe it is because of a lack of water vapor and other gases in the lava. The black obsidian cliffs of Yellowstone National Park are the result of a lava flow of basalt running head on into a glacier. Some of the glacier melted on contact, but suddenly there also appeared a huge black mass of glassy stone.

1. In the first paragraph, the author mentions that 95% of the Earth's crust is composed of

igneous rock to support the idea that

(A) the Earth began as a molten mass

(B) a thin layer of magma flows beneath the Earth's crust

(D) igneous rock is continually being formed

2. The word invade in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) move into

(B) neutralize

(D) deposit

3. The word contemporary in line 15 is closest in meaning to

(A) vast

(B) natural

(D) uneven

4. The word it in line 16 refers to

(A) granite

(B) surface

(D) texture

5. Granite that has been found above ground has been

(A) pushed up from below the crust by magma

(B) produced during a volcanic explosion

(D) pushed up by the natural shifting of the Earth

6. Which of the following is produced when magma cools rapidly?

(A) granite

(B) plutonic rock

(D) mineral crystals

7. The word finely in line 22 is closest in meaning to

(A) minutely

(B) loosely

(D) purely

8. Which of the following is another name for volcanic glass?

(A) Plutonic rock

(B) Crystal

(D) Obsidian

托福阅读真题练习2

Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is disseminated, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizen's patterns of response to politics. By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television diminished the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates. By centering politics on the person of the candidate, television accelerated the citizen's focus on character rather than issues.

Television has altered the forms of political communication as well. The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were. The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and lasting 11/2 to 2 hours, which characterized nineteenth-century political discourse, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and the 10 second sound bite in broadcast news. Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who will hear and see a snippet of the speech on the news.

In these abbreviated forms, much of what constituted the traditional political discourse of earlier ages has been lost. In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others. In snippets, politicians assert but do not argue.

Because television is an intimate medium, speaking through it require a changed political style that was more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech. Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words. Schools teach us to analyze words and print. However, in a word in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.

Recognizing the power of television's pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events, called pseudo-event, designed to attract media coverage. Much of the political activity we see on television news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relations advisers for televised consumption. Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.

1. What is the main point of the passage ?

(A) Citizens in the United States are now more informed about political issues because of

television coverage.

(B) Citizens in the United States prefer to see politicians on television instead of in person.

introduction of television.

(D) Politics in the United States has been significantly changed by television.

2. The word disseminated in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) analyzed

(B) discussed

(D) stored

3. It can be inferred that before the introduction of television, political parties

(A) had more influence over the selection of political candidates

(B) spent more money to promote their political candidates

(D) received more money

4. The word accelerated in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) allowed

(B) increased

(D) started

5. The author mentions the stump speech in line 7 as an example of

(A) an event created by politicians to attract media attention

(B) an interactive discussion between two politicians

(D) a style of speech common to televised political events

6. The phrase given way to in line 10 is closest in meaning to

(A) added interest to

(B) modified

(D) been replaced by

7. The word that in line 12 refers to

(A) audience

(B) broadcast news

(D) advertisement

8. According to the passage , as compared with televised speeches, traditional political discourse

was more successful at

(A) allowing news coverage of political candidates

(B) placing political issues within a historical context

(D) providing detailed information about a candidates private behavior

9. The author states that politicians assert but do not argue (line 18) in order to suggest that

politicians

(A) make claims without providing reasons for the claims

(B) take stronger positions on issues than in the past

(D) dislike having to explain their own positions on issues to citizens

10. The word Reliance in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) abundance

(B) clarification

(D) information

11. The purpose of paragraph 4 is to suggest that

(A) politicians will need to learn to become more personal when meeting citizens

(B) politicians who are considered very attractive are favored by citizens over politicians who are

less attractive

(D) citizens will need to learn how to evaluate visual political images in order to become better

informed

12. According to paragraph 5, staged political events are created so that politicians can

(A) create more time to discuss political issues

(B) obtain more television coverage for themselves

(D) engages in debates with their opponents

13. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage ?

(A) Political presentations today are more like advertisements than in the past.

(B) Politicians today tend to be more familiar with the views of citizens than in the past.

(D) Political speeches today focus more on details about issues than in the past.

篇10：托福写作时间不够怎么办

托福写作时间不够怎么办

第一步：审题、摆明立场、列出理由(5分钟)

考生要避免没有想清楚理由就开始写作，否则，不仅造成文章逻辑结构不清，还会引起行文中频繁地修正。考生也应该避免打草稿用时太多，一味追求详细的相关例证。其实想出两条之后就可以动笔，各个理由的例证，可以在写作过程中想出来。考试时，考生需注意，只要在草稿纸上用符号简写，列出各个理由防止遗忘就好，不要用时太久。

第二步：正文写作(26分钟)

正文中各段的主题句是最重要的，它能使评分者和考生马上搞清楚该段落的中心思想。而且，写的论据和举的例子一定要有足够的说服力，尽量不要拿自己的亲身经历来举例。建议可以使用常识性的观点、事件来解释，支持中心句。

如果考生被告知还有5分钟结束时，一般要写到最后一条理由，或者已经在写结尾段了。建议考生一定要确保文章有尾段，使文章结构完整。

第三步：检查(1-3分钟)

检查文章中的语法结构是否有错。确保每句话是完整的，有谓语，且简单句只有一个谓语。另外也要注意时态。

冲刺托福写作高分必须转变思维模式

对于正在耐心备考托福写作的同学来说，也许你正在每天不停的提升着自己的词汇量、为自己建立着写作模板或是背诵着一些经典的经典句型。不过需要提醒的是，想要快速提高托福写作成绩，除了以上这几项之外，思维方式也是我们平时必须准备的一项内容。

其实，说到思维方式并不能用练习或是准备来加以描述，因为他并不是在短时间内可以完成的。想要在熟练地运用英语思维来写作，不通过大量的练习是不能成就的。对于很多考试来说，在托福写作的练习中，还是习惯于想的是中文句子，然后把一个一个的中文句子译成英文。这样不但耽误时间，而且这样的句型和词汇的使用由于受到中文思维的影响，也会让审阅官有时很难去理解，让自己的文章质量大打折扣。

而对于这样的问题，解决方法也是非常简单。就是忘记我们中文语法结构，直接通过用英语来表达想要说的内容。换句话说，在练习中不要有中译英的环节，多多有英译英的练习。在平时我们可以阅读不认识词条的英文注释，然后试着把单词译成中文词，再去对照英汉词典的汉语释义，慢慢地就会开始领会用英语表达的门道了。

总之，在托福写作过程中，学会英语的思维才是冲高分的关键。在学会练习思维方式的同时，不断提升自己的词汇量，准备好各式的写作模板，相信写作高分离你不会太遥远了。

托福写作中论点的合理把握?需保证有物可写

对于托福考试的写作来时，如何挑选论点是冲刺高分最为关键的一步。托福的作文与我们曾经经历过过的高考英语作文或是四六级英语作文，有着很大的区别，他的立意不是那么的固化。文章能不能成功的发挥，很大程度上取决自己对于论点的定位。下面就来为大家介绍一下应该如何为托福作文建立论点。

在托福备考的过程中，有很大程度上，在拿到作文题目后，我们会有着这样的感觉就是，思维如洪水，席卷一切进入视野的可用之材，一时间不知如何动笔。而活着又是，反复思索都想不到能说点什么，整个内容都是非常的干涩。这时我们必须切记的一个原则就是，论点放的安排必须让自己有话可说才能选用;一个论点有太多话要说，就应该为之进行筛选，不要轻易开始动笔。

而对于论点筛选的过程中，我们也需要保持一定的原则：不需要论点多新、多高，却一定要保证自己有物可写。在论点的建立过程中，要考虑考自己全文中分论点层层递进的建立，不要让他们有着相互交叉的关系。同时，也不要为未了一味追求新奇，找些高深的论点，让自己之后的文章也很难发挥。

总之，在建立托福作文论点的时候，只有成功破题才能让之后的文章顺利的发挥。而破题之后关键的一步就是为全文建立好论点，把握行文的思路。

★高考作文如何做到详略得当

★详略得当的范文300字

★怎样才能写好景物——突出重点，详略得当

★小学生作文分类指导——要把事情的重要部分写具体，做到详略得当

★有详有略详略得当的教学反思

★小学生作文分类指导——要素齐全，详略得当

★党课因为通知没到位

★检讨书因为回家没请假

★因为有你