下面是小编给大家带来雅思阅读态度题该怎么做，本文共9篇，一起来阅读吧，希望对您有所帮助。
篇1：雅思阅读态度题特点
雅思阅读态度题特点
雅思态度题正确选项和错误选项的特征和作者态度有关的一些词汇
1.一般不可能对的选项：分成两大类
1)语气过轻，过于轻描淡写、轻快的选项
indifference (漠不关心、冷淡)，jocular (玩笑戏谑的)ambivalence(模棱两可)
2)语气过重的选项：
condemnation (咒骂、侮辱)，indignant(愤慨的)，envious(嫉恨的), offensive(冒犯的，攻击性的)，defiance(蔑视)，cynical (愤世嫉俗的)，spiteful(怨恨的)complete, entire, absolute (均为绝对的，完全的) unmitigated (不缓解的，绝对的)， unrestrained (无限制的)
2.正确的可能性较大的选项
积极类：
objective(客观的)：concerned(关注的);confident(有信心的); optimistic(乐观的); positive(正面的); impressive(给人以深刻印象的)
中立/折衷类：
Impartial(公正的);neutral (中立的);impersonal (非个人的);factual (根据事实的); detached (不含个人偏见的)
否定类：
doubtful(不相信的);critical (批判的);suspicious (可疑的)
这只是一个大致的倾向，“烤鸭们”在具体做题时候还要具体问题具体分析。
如何通过把握作者态度做题
从直接用词来直接判定作者的态度
在文章当中，作者的态度主要分为三类：赞成、反对或中立。这需要我们从文章中找出一些旗帜鲜明的词来帮助我们判定：例如有一篇先容GMOs(转基因生物)的文章中，第一句话是：Genetically-modified organisms (GMOs) are a double-edged sword(双刃剑)。这句话是全文或至少是全段的主题句，表明出题者的观点是中立的，以为转基因生物给人类带来益处的同时也带来了危害。下文的论述则会围绕着两方面加以展开。在阅读这类文章时，考生应留意把住这两方面的论据在心里加以分类。
通过理解转折词来看作者的态度
作者的观点和态度往往在雅思的文章中有一个先扬后抑的过程，会通过一些转折词表现出来，前面会列出很多幌子来迷惑考生。这些常用的有：although，though，while，on the other hand，however，rather，but，despite，in spite of等。从这些词中我们可以得知出题者表明的是与期待相反的情况。如：
While the conventional wisdom may be that all people who have reached retirement are enjoying a life of leisure，there are，in fact，a sizeable number of aged workers。Net population gains through interstate migration have been experienced in Queensland and Western Australia。In Victoria and Tasmania，on the other hand，net losses have occurred。
The main difference between the more recent and older teaching materials is that vocabulary and grammar are not longer taught by using long quotations from literatureorendless repetitions of isolated sentence。Rather，they are taught in the context of everyday situations。
In spite of his wealth，Mr。Jones lived very simply in a one-room cottage。
在阅读中，表示转折的词是猜测单词词义的很好的线索。另外，在一句话中，转折词后的部分往往是出题者表达的重点，所夸大的东西。假如时间紧张的话，考生甚至可以跳过这些词前面的部分，直接阅读后半句话，由于这经常是题目涉及到的。
通过原因和结果推测作者的意图
在阅读过程中，了解出题者解释某个事件或情况的原因是很重要的。因果关系是帮助考生理解文章的线索之一。因此，考生应把握下列词汇。解释原因的：because，because of，due to，result from，as a result of，be a consequence of，be attributed to;表示结果的：as a result，result in，lead to，cause，contributed to。
以上就是雅思阅读态度题该怎么做?有什么特点的全部内容，通过前文，我们可以看出这一类题型还是有一些技巧的。在赞成，反对，中立的三种态度中，一般情况下文中作者的态度不会很偏激，且我们可以在文中通过一些表达句子间，段落间关系的词语来判断作者态度。
雅思阅读材料：常在低温下就能瘦?
Turning the central heating down not only saves money but could also keep you slim, scientists claim.
科学家宣称，把中央暖气系统的温度调低不仅能省钱而且能让你保持苗条的身材。
Evidence suggests that being cold may be a healthy and sustainable way to lose weight, experts believe.
专家相信，有证据显示待在寒冷的环境中可能是一种健康的、可持续的瘦身方法。
Conversely, warm and cosy homes and offices may be contributing to expanding waistlines, it is claimed.
相反地，据称温暖舒适的家庭和公司环境可能会引起肥胖。
The theory from Dutch scientists follows 10 years of research into the effects of the cold on metabolism.
这一理论由荷兰科学家提出，他们此前用了长达的时间研究寒冷对于新陈代谢的影响。
It suggest that a more variable indoor temperature, one that more closely mirrors temperatures outside, may be beneficial.
研究显示，更接近外界温度，即更加灵活的室内温度可能是有益的。
At least among young and middle-aged people, non-shivering heat production in response to feeling cold can account for up to 30 per cent of the body's energy budget, say the scientists.
科学家称，至少在年轻人和中年人中，应对寒冷时(不包括打寒战时)产生的热量占身体每天所消耗能量的30%。
That means lower temperatures can significantly increase the number of calories burned up instead of being stored as fat.
这说明了较低的温度能显著增加身体燃烧的卡路里，而不是让其堆积转化成脂肪。
Lead researcher Dr Wouter, from Maastricht University Medical Centre, said: ‘Since most of us are exposed to indoor conditions 90 per cent of the time, it is worth exploring health aspects of ambient temperatures.
来自马斯特里赫特大学医疗中心的首席研究员沃特医生说：“因为我们大多数人90%的时间都待在室内，探索周围环境温度对于健康的影响大有裨益。”
One research group in Japan had shown a decrease in body fat after volunteers spent two hours a day at 17℃ for six weeks, said the Dutch scientists.
荷兰的科学家们说，日本的一个研究小组发现，志愿者连续6周每天花2个小时待在17℃的环境后，体重都有所下降。
The Maastricht team also found that people got accustomed to the cold over time. After six hours a day in the cold for a period of 10 days, levels of heat-generating brown fat in the body increased and people became more comfortable and shivered less.
马斯特里赫特的这支团队也发现，人们经过一段时间后会适应寒冷。在连续10天每天花6个小时待在寒冷的环境里后，身体里产生热量的褐色脂肪增多，人体会觉得比较舒适而且也不那么经常颤抖了。
雅思阅读能力如何提高
首先，当然是词汇。任何一篇内容相对复杂的阅读文章，都不可避免地出现大量生僻词语或者是难度相对较大的单词。从文章的选材而言，范围是十分丰富的，主要来自世界各国主要的英文报刊杂志，内容涉及任何一个国家的文化、经济、自然和科技等。而IELTS考试所考查的，是实际运用语言的能力，所以在考试中真正需要理解的单词，或是题目中真正考查到的单词，往往是英语(Q吧)阅读中的一些最核心的单词。这些单词虽然数量不多，难度不大，但却是必须掌握的。就考试而言，掌握6000左右的常用词汇，即大学六级大纲中所要求的词汇是必须的。
第二，复杂的句型结构。有些同学的词汇量已经达到了6000左右，但是依然感觉读不懂文章，这就是因为文章中充斥着大量结构复杂难以把握的复杂句。如：The challenge now is to develop policies and practices based on a presumption of shared responsibility between men and women, and a presumption that there are potential benefits for men and women, as well as for families and the community, if there is greater gender equality in the responsibilities and pleasures of family life. 这是一个相对复杂的句子，主干是the challenge now is to develop policies and practices, 从based on到句子的结尾处是由过去分词短语充当的状语。后一个presumption后面有一个由that引导的从句，充当presumption的同位语。在同位语的后面，有一个if 引导的条件状语从句。一般而言，对同学们造成障碍的是并列句或并列复合句，倒装结构，所以在训练时可以精挑一个语段做仔细分析。
第三，题型多样化。这个障碍使原本已经拥有相当英语语言实力的考生，在考试中因为缺乏对题型的理解，或是被众多题型干扰，不能正常发挥。一些必考题型如list of headings, summary, T/F/NG等，可以作为练习重点。如summary题是很多同学感到头痛的题型，普遍感到非常难找。其实不然，只要记住两大原则即可。原则一，顺序原则。summary题的答案排列顺序，必定与文章的行文顺序一致。原则二，完整的summary，不仅应该能够体现文章本身所表达的思想含义，而且必须是符合语法规律的英语文章。所以根据语法也可以进行判断。
在准备考试的过程中，除了要做IELTS考题之外，还要进行泛读和快速阅读。泛读可以选择一些英美主流媒体的文章，在网站上可以找到，目的是熟悉单词和句型。快速阅读就是用扫描文章的方法对其结构有大致的了解，并把握其主旨。同时，在重点句子和词汇上做出标记。这种方法对阅读考试帮助极大，平时可多加练习。另外，为了提高阅读的速度还要养成良好的阅读习惯，不能边看边用嘴跟着读，眼、嘴并用必会降低阅读速度;一旦发现生词(这种情况绝大多数同学都肯定要遇到)，先不要紧张，要通过英语构词法(前缀、词根和后缀)来分析推测词义，或结合上下文、前后词语去猜测，如果根据上下文及前后词语还是无法确切了解其真正含义，可以再看一下这个词对整个句子所构成的影响是肯定的，还是否定的，实际上这对你理解作者的意图已足够了，实在不行就做上记号，将来看一看是否影响答题，如无影响就坚决忽略。
雅思阅读
篇2：雅思阅读态度题该怎么做
雅思阅读态度题该怎么做?有什么特点?
雅思态度题正确选项和错误选项的特征和作者态度有关的一些词汇
1.一般不可能对的选项：分成两大类
1)语气过轻，过于轻描淡写、轻快的选项
indifference (漠不关心、冷淡)，jocular (玩笑戏谑的)ambivalence(模棱两可)
2)语气过重的选项：
condemnation (咒骂、侮辱)，indignant(愤慨的)，envious(嫉恨的), offensive(冒犯的，攻击性的)，defiance(蔑视)，cynical (愤世嫉俗的)，spiteful(怨恨的)complete, entire, absolute (均为绝对的，完全的) unmitigated (不缓解的，绝对的)， unrestrained (无限制的)
2.正确的可能性较大的选项
积极类：
objective(客观的)：concerned(关注的);confident(有信心的); optimistic(乐观的); positive(正面的); impressive(给人以深刻印象的)
中立/折衷类：
Impartial(公正的);neutral (中立的);impersonal (非个人的);factual (根据事实的); detached (不含个人偏见的)
否定类：
doubtful(不相信的);critical (批判的);suspicious (可疑的)
这只是一个大致的倾向，“烤鸭们”在具体做题时候还要具体问题具体分析。
如何通过把握作者态度做题
从直接用词来直接判定作者的态度
在文章当中，作者的态度主要分为三类：赞成、反对或中立。这需要我们从文章中找出一些旗帜鲜明的词来帮助我们判定：例如有一篇先容GMOs(转基因生物)的文章中，第一句话是：Genetically-modified organisms (GMOs) are a double-edged sword(双刃剑)。这句话是全文或至少是全段的主题句，表明出题者的观点是中立的，以为转基因生物给人类带来益处的同时也带来了危害。下文的论述则会围绕着两方面加以展开。在阅读这类文章时，考生应留意把住这两方面的论据在心里加以分类。
通过理解转折词来看作者的态度
作者的观点和态度往往在雅思的文章中有一个先扬后抑的过程，会通过一些转折词表现出来，前面会列出很多幌子来迷惑考生。这些常用的有：although，though，while，on the other hand，however，rather，but，despite，in spite of等。从这些词中我们可以得知出题者表明的是与期待相反的情况。如：
While the conventional wisdom may be that all people who have reached retirement are enjoying a life of leisure，there are，in fact，a sizeable number of aged workers。Net population gains through interstate migration have been experienced in Queensland and Western Australia。In Victoria and Tasmania，on the other hand，net losses have occurred。
The main difference between the more recent and older teaching materials is that vocabulary and grammar are not longer taught by using long quotations from literatureorendless repetitions of isolated sentence。Rather，they are taught in the context of everyday situations。
In spite of his wealth，Mr。Jones lived very simply in a one-room cottage。
在阅读中，表示转折的词是猜测单词词义的很好的线索。另外，在一句话中，转折词后的部分往往是出题者表达的重点，所夸大的东西。假如时间紧张的话，考生甚至可以跳过这些词前面的部分，直接阅读后半句话，由于这经常是题目涉及到的。
通过原因和结果推测作者的意图
在阅读过程中，了解出题者解释某个事件或情况的原因是很重要的。因果关系是帮助考生理解文章的线索之一。因此，考生应把握下列词汇。解释原因的：because，because of，due to，result from，as a result of，be a consequence of，be attributed to;表示结果的：as a result，result in，lead to，cause，contributed to。
以上就是雅思阅读态度题该怎么做?有什么特点的全部内容，通过前文，我们可以看出这一类题型还是有一些技巧的。在赞成，反对，中立的三种态度中，一般情况下文中作者的态度不会很偏激，且我们可以在文中通过一些表达句子间，段落间关系的词语来判断作者态度。
雅思阅读题型分析：完成图表、示意图题型
完成图表、示意图题型是雅思阅读题型中高频题型之一，那么辨别回答问题(short-answer question tasks)是怎么样的，又该如何解决此类问题呢，下面就来看看天道小编为大家收集整理的完成图表、示意图题型解题方法，希望对大家有所帮助，文中观点仅供参考。
雅思阅读题型——完成图表、示意图题型介绍
这部分题型是要根据文章所给出的信息，将图表内缺失的内容(或数据)填补出来。在IELTS阅读测试中，有很多种图表及示意图。这些图表中虽然词/语不多，但却能够明确说明问题的答案。通常这些图表会附在所给阅读文章之内，作为文章的一部分。切记不可忽略这些图表。图表填空的关键在于分析图表中已存在的文字信息点所在，然后根据已给出的信息点寻找对应的信息。
雅思阅读题型——完成图表、示意图题答题步骤：
1. 详细查看答题指引，以确定图表为何种信息。
2. 查看例句，了解图表内容及答题方式。
3. 查看图表题目栏中词语及数字符号。
4. 查看图表中的说明及注释部分。
5. 利用问句中的关键词语，在所给图表中寻找答案。
以上就是雅思阅读题型—完成图表、示意图题型的相关介绍以及解题方法说明，考生朋友遇到此类题型不妨尝试着用这样的方法试试，最后祝大家都能考出好成绩。
雅思考试阅读辅导资料
Almost everyone with or without a computer is aware of the latest technological revolution destined to change forever the way in which humans communicate, namely, the Information Superhighway, best exemplified by the ubiquitous Internet. Already, millions of people around the world are linked by computer simply by having a modem and an address on the `Net“, in much the same way that owning a telephone links us to almost anyone who pays a phone bill. In fact, since the computer connections are made via the phone line, the Internet can be envisaged as a network of visual telephone links. It remains to seen in which direction the Information Superhighway is headed, but many believeit is the educational hope of the future.
The World Wide Web, an enormous collection of Internet addresses or sites, all of which can be accessed for information, has been mainly responsible for the increase in interest in the Internet in the 1990s. Before the World Wide Web, the `Net” was comparable to an integrated collection of computerized typewriters, but the introduction of the `Web“ in 1990 allowed not only text links to be made but also graphs, images and even video.
A Web site consists of a `home page”, the first screen of a particular site on the computer to which you are connected, from where access can be had to other subject related `pages“(or screens) at the site and on thousands of other computers all over the world. This is achieved by a process called `hypertext”. By clicking with a mouse device on various parts of the screen, a person connected to the `Net“ can go traveling, or surfing” through a of the screen, a person connected to the `Net“ can go traveling, or `surfing” through a web of pages to locate whatever information is required.
Anyone can set up a site; promoting your club, your institution, your company“s products or simply yourself, is what the Web and the Internet is all about. And what is more, information on the Internet is not owned or controlled by any one organization. It is, perhaps, true to say that no one and therefore everyone owns the `Net”. Because of the relative freedom of access to information, the Internet has often been criticised by the media as a potentially hazardous tool in the hands of young computer users. This perception has proved to be largely false however, and the vast majority of users both young and old get connected with the Internet for the dual purposes for which it was intended - discovery and delight.
TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN
1.Everyone is aware of the Information Superhighway.
2.Using the Internet costs the owner of a telephone extra money.
3.Internet computer connections are made by using telephone lines.
4.The World Wide Web is a network of computerised typewriters.
5.According to the author, the Information Superhighway may be the future hope of education.
6.The process called`hypertext“requires the use of a mouse device.
7.The Internet was created in the 1990s.
8.The `home page”is the first screen of a `Web“site on the `Net”.
9.The media has often criticised the Internet because it is dangerous.
10. The latest technological revolution will change the way humans communicate.
;
Answer Keys
1.F 2.NG 3.T 4.F 5.T 6.T 7.F 8.T 9.F 10.T
篇3：雅思阅读题怎么答
雅思阅读题怎么答
目的性阅读
当大参加雅思考时做雅思阅读考又或是在阅读英文文献时，大要把握的是文章里大所需要的信息，大把它叫做“核心信息”，但剩下方面和全文的理解或者解题没有直接的关系，属于“非必要信息”，但是大阅读的主要目的是尽可能的挖掘出文章中的“核心信息”，但是针对“非必要信息”，那么是不要求彻底和完整的理解，相当于是所谓的“目的性阅读法”。
STEP ONE“出题点的定位”
“出题点的定位”表示通过寻找合适的定位词，判断题目相应考点在文章里对应所在的位置。但是此过程中，核心的方法是寻找到比较合适的定位词，所谓比较合适的定位词是可以有助于大用比较快的速度定位到题目精准的出题位置，再直接进入下一个信息判断的步骤。
STEP TWO 文章主要信息的把握
雅思阅读题定位词判断完毕以后，大通常是会面临对于文章主要信息把握的必要性的困扰，时常会有考生提出“是不是要求简单阅读文章”的问题，对于这一点，建议是“因地制宜”，按照定位词特性做出不一样的判断，若大在划定位词的过程里发现题目里牵涉到特殊定位词的情况较多，如此按照已有的特殊定位词，同时结合相关题型的顺序原则和阅读文章的“顺序”或“并列”式出题思路，考生真正能够不用把握每一段的信息来完成题目，那么，在这种情况下，阅读每一个段落没有必要了。
STEP THREE“相关信息的判断”
当把定位工作完成后，考生还要开始对题目信息和稳重对应信息做相关性的判断，此时通常要求大同义反义词、和同义反义表达的分析，因此，在备考过程中，积累常考单词的同义和反义表达是必备的功课，还可以获得阅读高分的关键。
雅思阅读：泰戈尔经典名句集锦
泰戈尔一生的创作诗歌受印度古典文学、西方诗歌和孟加拉民间抒情诗歌的影响，多为不押韵、不雕琢的自由诗和散文诗;他的小说受西方小说的影响，又有创新，特别是把诗情画意融入其中，形成独特风格。
我们一度梦见彼此是陌生人，醒来时发现彼此是相亲相爱的。
Once we dreamt that we were strangers. We wake up to find that we were dear to each other.
我的心是旷野的鸟，在你的眼睛里找到了它的天空。
My heart, the bird of the wilderness, has found its sky in your eyes.
它是大地的泪点，使她的微笑保持着青春不谢。
It is the tears of the earth that keep her smiles in bloom.
如果你因失去了太阳而流泪，那么你也失去了群星。
If you shed tears when you miss the sun, you also miss the stars.
你看不见你自己，你所看见的只是你的影子。
What you are you do not see, what you see is your shadow.
瀑布歌唱道：“当我找到了自己的自由时,我找到了我的歌。”
The waterfall sing, “I find my song, when I find my freedom.”
你微微地笑着，不同我说什么话。而我觉得，为了这个，我已等待得久了。
You smiled and talked to me of nothing and I felt that for this I had been waiting long.
人不能在他的历史中表现出他自己，他在历史中奋斗着露出头角。
Man does not reveal himself in his history, he struggles up through it.
我们如海鸥之与波涛相遇似地，遇见了，走近了。海鸥飞去，波涛滚滚地流开，我们也分别了。
Like the meeting of the seagulls and the waves we meet and come near.The seagulls fly off, the waves roll away and we depart.
当我们是大为谦卑的时候，便是我们最接近伟大的时候。
We come nearest to the great when we are great in humility.
决不要害怕刹那--永恒之声这样唱着。
Never be afraid of the moments--thus sings the voice of the everlasting.
“完全”为了对“不全”的爱，把自己装饰得美丽。
The perfect decks itself in beauty for the love of the Imperfect.
错误经不起失败，但是真理却不怕失败。
Wrong cannot afford defeat but right can.
这寡独的黄昏，幕着雾与雨，我在我的心的孤寂里，感觉到它的叹息。
In my solitude of heart I feel the sigh of this widowed evening veiled with mist and rain.
我们把世界看错了，反说它欺骗我们。
We read the world wrong and say that it deceives us.
人对他自己建筑起堤防来。
Man barricades against himself.
使生如夏花之绚烂，死如秋叶之静美。
Let life be beautiful like summer flowers and death like autumn leaves.
雅思阅读备考之学术类问题解答方法
拿到一篇阅读文章，考生应该首先细读题目要求，确定哪些是关于文章结构的题目，哪些是关于文章细节的题目，同时找出题目中的中心词。
STEP TWO：带着问题扫描文章
1. 扫描标题
考生拿到一篇雅思学术类阅读文章，首先应该看一下文章的标题，而迄今为止，雅思学术类阅读理解考试中大致出现过下列三种题目类型：第一种是正规标题，始可用来判断文章大意、类型、而得知文章结构;第二种是主标题加副标题，副标题有时承担揭示文章结构的重任;第三种是无标题，这种考试形式自99 年开在中国考区出现，一般文章较长而且难，但仍然可以在文章第一段发现揭示文章主题的主旨句。考生应注意：描述性标题应该予以忽略;如果文章分几个SECTION 论述，则SECTION 的标题也应该加以注意
2.扫描全文的分段情况及其他信息
考生应注意数字、百分比、分数、时间或货币符号出现较多的段落;引号、大写专有名词、括号及破折号出现较多的段落;斜体字、黑体字、下划线出现较多的
段落
3.扫描每个段落的首末句，把握文章主题：
主题句提示文章每段的主题含意，进而合成整个文章的大意。因此，一定要找出主题句，从而找出这一段的主题。主题句通常是一段文章的首句(当然并非永远如此)，寻找主题句的方法可按下列顺序：
首句 --→ 第二句 --→中间句--→ 末句
注意：如果首句是描述性语句则应该予以忽略,通过段落首末句判断段落主题的关键是找准中心词(KEY WORD)中心词最可能是表示主要概念的名词，一般是句子的主语和宾语;表明状态的动词;表示程度高低、范围大小、肯定或否定的副词;中心词会在题目及原文中以同义词形式大量出现。比如：famous - prestigious;restructure delayer.
4. 扫描连接上下文的信号词
5. 扫描文章文章中是否有图表或示意图
这些图表一般包含了一些有关回答问题的信息，因此可以先对这些图表做一扫描，了解其内容从而加快答题速度，不然的话，就可能陷在文章中四处找寻答案而乱无头绪。但应注意，一般照片、地图、漫画可以予以忽略。
STEP THREE：
以问题为中心，通过上述扫描工作，找出文章中对应的中心词，从而定位正确答案。
雅思阅读备考：培养逻辑能力的四大方法
一.要培养雅思阅读逻辑能力，首先要高质快速地阅读
第一遍读文章时，我们应当模拟考试的紧张气氛，尽量高质快速。但，对完答案后，我们有充足的时间再次阅读文章。第二次阅读文章我们的目的不在是获取信息，而是把握文章的布局安排，分析作者的意图。
二.要培养雅思阅读逻辑能力，要克服长难句障碍
几乎每一篇阅读，总有一两句长难句。有许多同学这样分析那样分析，可就分析不出什么名堂。听力好的同学不一定发音好，可发音好的同学一定听力好。同样，能写出长难句的人当然不会怕什么长难句。
三.要培养雅思阅读逻辑能力，要把握句子结构规律
同学们应当做的是找一本好的语法书，认认真真学习句子结构那部分。英语的句子主干往往并不复杂，只是其粘着修饰成分过多。我们一开始应当学会如何写出简单的基本句型，然后再通过附加各种从句、插入语、非谓语形式，来逐步扩充句子结构。
分析长难句与扩充句子正好是反其道而行之，我们必须一步步“砍”去插入语、各种从句、非谓语形式，来获得句子主干。所以只要“欲简之必先扩之”，我们与其寻求各种长难句分析法，不如先学会自己写长句。 最后，文章归类阅读，考前复习有奇效
阅读文章成千上万，如何从有限中把握规律才是关键。阅读文章总是按照每套试题四篇文章分布，于是众多学子也就按部就班。
四.要培养雅思阅读逻辑能力，要对文章分类
可是如果我们把自己读过的所有文章按照主题分类，比如分为校园类、医学类、家庭类、环境类等等，到了考前，再按类别复习这些文章，我们不仅能系统掌握某一类别文章常用的词汇，也能把握该类文章的结构特点和出题规律。
篇4：《谈态度》阅读训练题
《谈态度》阅读训练题
阅读下面的文段，完成18—20题。（11分）
①一条蚯蚓，遁地三尺，穿越黑暗，缘于它锲而不舍地挖掘；一只大鹏，俯瞰五岳，睥睨江河，缘于它始终不渝地飞翔。一条山路，尽管崎岖险恶，但不畏艰险的人终会抵达高山之巅；一条大道，尽管平坦宽阔，但瞻前顾后的人也会半途折戟沉沙……这一切，都缘于态度。
②端正学习态度，可以使一个学子在学业上柳暗花明；调整工作态度，可以让一个人在职场中游刃有余。正确的人生态度，是用来成就人生的。它可以使一个人清醒地审视自己，理智地面对人生，不好高骛远，不随波逐流，不为名利所惑，不为困境所溺，乐观积极，昂扬向上，从而在浮躁的尘世上从容不迫，在喧嚣的生活中淡然自如。
③在一生中，总会为自己设定一个人生目标，而正确的态度则会使这个目标更加坚定。一个拥有积极态度的人，往往专注并执著于自己的目标，且为之殚精竭虑，为之废寝忘食、心无旁骛、义无反顾。他们的人生态度常常是明朗、坚定、睿智、乐观的，像洒向草地的`阳光，像掠过江面的劲风，在灿烂中摇曳着生机，在刚劲中透露着力量，充满着无限活力。抱有消极人生态度的人则不然。他们往往对自己所追求的目标热情不高，投入不够，慵懒、倦怠、左顾右盼。三心二意，像秋日的落叶般飘零，像墙上的衰草般枯败、沉郁，没有活力，没有希望。
④不同的人生态度，也是自我品质的一种反映。拥有乐观人生态度的，一定是一个坚强的人；拥有豁达人生态度的，一定是一个大度的人；拥有平实人生态度的，一定是一个谦逊的人；拥有严谨人生态度的，一定是一个一丝不苟的人;处处为他人着想的，一定是一个富有爱心的人；时时兼济苍生的，一定是一个心怀天下的人。
⑤如果说，品质是从生命的个体上旁逸斜出的一条绿色藤蔓的话，那么正确的人生态度则是绽放在这些藤蔓上的色彩各异的花朵。这些花朵，在绚烂地绽放后，最后为你结出最美的人生果实来。
⑥如果你生活困顿迷茫，在人生的路上走得并不顺心遂愿，就该想着适当地调整一下自己的人生态度，或许，你会因此而发现人生最美的风景。
18．本文的中心论点是什么？（3分）
19. 阅读③--⑤节，作者认为正确的人生态度对人生有哪些意义？ （4分）
20．仔细阅读第③段，本段用了哪些论证方法，请分析其中一种论证方法的作用。（4分）
参考答案：
18．（3分）正确的态度成就人生。
19. （4分）正确的态度则会使人生目标更加坚定 正确的态度可以塑造良好的自我品质。
20．（4分）论证方法主要有举例论证、对比论证、比喻论证；作用：文中用拥有积极态度的人和抱有消极态度的人对比，使论证更有力量，说理更透彻，比喻的句子则使论证更生动形象。
篇5：雅思阅读配对题解题技巧
雅思阅读中，在通读整个段落之前，我们可以先浏览一遍，看有没有转折词出现，比如but，however，while，though等等，通常，转折词语多位于句首。包含转折词的句子，转折词之前的内容可以不用读，因为它们一般是承上启下的作用，我们的重点可以放在转折词之后的内容。
注意：不是所有转折词都那么明显，有时可能会用别的词语替代，比如refute，Some don’t agree this等等。考生需要多做题，培养对转折词的敏感度和语感。
雅思阅读配对题解题技巧2：不一定要按照顺序阅读文章和做题
我们可以先完成阅读篇幅短的部分段落，之后再阅读篇幅长的部分。这样比较省时间，每个段落都有自己的作用和意义，打乱顺序阅读不会影响做题的正确率。
通常，雅思阅读配对题List of Headings题型难度较高，无法在文章做定位，需要我们通读全文才能着手去做，所以建议大家做完其他题目再做雅思阅读配对题。
雅思阅读配对题解题技巧3：引证和举例的内容可以先忽略
文章段落中，出现的引证和举例内容可以先忽略，我们应该把注意力放在引证和举例之前的部分。比如for example, for instance, A is one of the best examples to demonstrate等等。论据的就是用来阐述论点，所以论据前面的论点语句，通常可以用来做段意选择。
雅思阅读配对题解题技巧4：永远不要纠结某个让你受挫的段落
难免有些文章段落让我们很苦恼，无法做出答案，建议大家不要因此浪费时间纠结。而是应该做个标记，然后move on，去完成其他题目。等到完成其他题目，其实你也就缩小了可选的范围，加上此时如果还剩余时间，还可以再好好阅读原文，找出最合适的答案。
雅思阅读同义词转换：剑七test3
1. cause=reason=factor=origin=root 原因 n.
2. measure=weigh=time=take=read 测量 v.
3. route=motorway=highway=expressway 车道 n.
4. exclude=omit=miss out=leave out=drop 排除在外 v.
5. renewable=sustainable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可再生的 adj.
6. exist=there is/are=be found=occur 存在 v.
7. limit=restrict=constrain=confine=keep to 限制 v.
8. boundary=border=edge=outskirts=frontier 边界 n.
9. allow for=make sth. Possible 使…成为可能
10. proposal=suggestion=recommendation=proposition 提议 n.
11. urban=city=town=municipal 城市的 adj.
12. odour=smell=stench=stink 味道 n.
13. find one's way=navigate 导航 v.
14. bearing=position=standing 方位 n.
15. exchange=share=distribute 分享 v.
16. waste=unwanted materials=rubbish=garbage=trash 废物 n.
17. dental=teeth 牙齿的 adj.
18. priority=preferential=the most important=overriding 优先 n.
19. encourage=promote=help=support=be supportive 鼓励 v.
20. explore=look for=discuss=think 探索 v.
21. factor=cause=reason=root=origin 因素 n.
22. cultivate=grow=raise 培养 v.
23. convert=modify=transfer=adapt=customize 转变 v.
24. digest=take in=absorb=assimilate 消化 v.
25. preserve=protect=keep=store=keep sth. In storage 保存，保护 v.
26. monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视 v.
27. allocate=distribute=apportion=grant=confer 分配 v.
28. decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降 v.
29. fragile=weak=delicate=breakable=feeble 脆弱的 adj.
30. upgrade=improve=make sth.better=make improvements 改进，提高 v.
31. advanced=developed=sophisticated=high-tech 先进的 adj.
32. sustainable=renewable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可持续的 adj.
33. evidence=proof=documentation 证据 n.
34. long-standing=lengthy=long-running=lasting 长期的 adj.
雅思阅读同义词转换：剑七test4
1. large numbers of=tens of thousands of=many 大量的
2. large=massive=huge=enormous=vast 巨大的 adj.
3. resemble=look like=alike=much the same=akin to 相像 v.
4. foe=enemy=adversary=hostile 敌人 n.
5. more than=exceed=over=in excess of 超过 v.
6. decrease=crash=reduction=fall=drop 下降 n.
7. stop=halt=come to a halt 停止 v.
8. sufficient=abundant=enough=adequate 充足的 adj.
9. establish=found=build=set up 建立 v.
10. be Successful=prosper=do well=succeed=thrive 成功
11. recognize=certify=accept=acknowledge承认 v.
12. label=display=call=brand=hail 贴标签，命名 v.
13. adapt=adjust=get used to=become/grow accustomed to 适应 v.
14. mistake=error=fault=slip=mix-up 错误 n.
15. keep a check on=monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视 v.
16. unexpected=unpredictable=unforeseeable 不可预见的 adj.
17. generally=in general=in the whole=all in all=all things considered 大体上的 adv.
18. previously=before=earlier=formerly 先前 adv.
19. apply=use=make use of=exercise=utilize 应用 v.
20. due to=because=since=owing to=thanks to=as a result of 因为
21. raise=lift=lift up=pick up=scoop up 使…上升 v.
22. in addition=besides=additionally=too=also=as well 除此之外
23. inhabitant=resident=population=citizen=local 居民 n.
24. collapse=failure=fall 崩塌，失败 n.
25. set up=establish=found=start=open 建立
26. ensure=make sure=make certain=see to it that 保证 v.
27. assist=help=aid=give a hand=do sth. For 协助 v.
28. deny=refuse=withhold 否认 v.
29. permit=allow=let=agree to=authorize 许可 v.
30. interfere=intrude=disrupt=meddle 干扰 v.
31. repeat=redo=retake=do sth. again 重复 v.
32. prevent=stop=restrain=hold back=discourage 阻止 v.
33. disrupt=disturb=upset=break up 打扰 v.
34. long-term=chronic=long=lengthy=long-running 长期的 adj.
35. expose=show=reveal=present=let sb. see 暴露，揭发 v.
36. intense=strong=passionate=powerful=fervent 强烈的adj.
37. random=arbitrary=at random 任意的，随机的 adj.
38. require=demand=need=call for 要求v.
39. fatigue=tiredness=exhaustion=drowsiness 疲劳 n.
40. manifest=show=reveal=present 显示 v.
41. concentrate=pay attention=put one's mind on=attentive 专注 v.
42. produce=make=manufacture=create=fashion 生产 v.
43. carry out=implement=put sth. into practice=execute 实行v.
44. perform=do=conduct=dabble in 执行 v.
雅思阅读
篇6：雅思阅读真题V57
雅思阅读真题V57
第一篇（判断、选择）是说几个人研究蝴蝶，比较难。前几题是T/F/NG，后面是给段意让你选段落，段落大概是十来个，段意只有5，6个，不太好做。最后好象还有两道选择。我一共花了25分钟还做的不理想
passage1.三个科学家研究热带雨林蝴蝶。T/F/NG有六题。各位考过的朋友都分别有几个T几个F呢？然后是配对题个5、6，要求对应文中段落填对应段落号。接下来三个填空。 征集各位答案！
第二篇（选择、配对）是说古钱币的，非常简单。前面几个选择加上后面7，8个MATCHING，我只有一个来不及找了（怕最后一篇时间不够：（ ）
如果再碰到强烈建议先做，搞定十几题心里就有底了啊：）
passage2.关于各国各种古怪的钱币。四五个选择。第一个是问什么钱币通用于19世纪，我在B和D中犹豫，一个是silver coin一个是silver clot吧最后还是选了前者。然后是8、9个配对题，钱币和其性质的配对。
第三篇（判断、简答一个词、选择）是美国人关于运动员如何提高运动成绩的研究，不难。但我只有十五六分钟了，大家知道最后五分钟心理紧张，一般是起不了什么作用的。先是5，6个T/F/NG，然后是四个填空（容易），最后是三四道选择。我因为时间不够，最后做的T/F/NG只好全选F了，呜呜~~~
S3 （28-40）体育运动performance提高 5个TRUE/ FALSE/ NOT GIVE 4 conclusions 3 choice
1．对体育成绩有记录开始于ABOUT 1900，我犹豫半天选对，原句：有记录于EARLY IN 19世纪，19的奥林匹克百米成绩是…马拉松是2：55分，而新的记录是2：05，提高了30% 第一段完毕
2．遗传可以FULLY完全解释为什么有些人成绩好，F，原文：遗传是最重要的原因，但也就能占1/3，没一个人能给出完全的.合理的解释，TRAINING弄好了比1/3还强
3.好基因的父母他们自己一定是很出色的运动员 NOT GIVEN，原文：你要是想当好运动员，你一定好好挑选父母。
4.有了记录数据后，很多人可以在很早的年纪就被发现体育特长 T原句：因为有基因数据和国际比赛重奖，所以可以使很早运动员就被发现。
5.最容易提高的成绩来自BURST OF ENERGY，短跑类。NOT GIVEN，没提及，就算有也是马拉松提高的最多。
NO MORE THAN：“1”WORD完成句子
XX教授把体育成绩和什么LINK到一起：GENETICS
XX教授认为什么更重要：TRAINING
XX教授把饮食DIET和什么联系一起：NUTRITIONTH
The key method to create new record is better TRAINING
Simple choice
1有些科学家研究运动员动作，（用录象三维拍摄）在哪方面比较有价值：
选择：运动员FITNESS的够不够 （原句：这种研究可按牛顿某定理得出结论：你跑的还不是最快的速度，因为你的胳膊还没挥到最大程度，不过这种研究的效果不大）
2.这些科学家研究了XX运动员（好象是个跳高的）后，这研究的作用是：explain the Xx’performance a：soften xx’ b：correct xx’ c：forget原句：XX成绩如此出色，他自己也不明白为什么，而体育家分析后发现原来的人们是如何如何做的，而XX是用soften方式得到的好成绩
3.XX教授认为我们目前对成绩原因的认识还在什么阶段：选：BASIC阶段，原文很清楚。
passage3.关于怎样提高运动员成绩的理论。开始5、6个T/F/NG题。然后是一个WORD的填空题，好像有training、injuries 最后三个填空有一个问某教授研究的理论对一跳高运动员的作用，我选explain的作用，还有一选项是cushion the jump.最后一题是问现在人们对运动员的研究在什么阶段，应选basic。
篇7：雅思阅读真题V54
雅思阅读真题V54
第一篇 钱币的历史，题型：选择题，注意它的'出题方式，像heading但又不是，还有true/false/not give.
coins/how paper money made/paper/encaving/disadvantages of paper money
questions: match/yes,no, not given 不难。
第二篇 交通工具的发展，题型：heading和yes/no/not given
tram/bus/underground/movement pavement
Questions: find out where mentioned/ fill in/ true,false,ng
第三篇 有关人类运动体能的极限问题的研究。题型：true/false/not give，完成句子（不超过one word），还有选择。how atheletes improve performance?
Questions: true, false,ng/fill in blankets by one word
这次的阅读总体不难，但特别应注意读题目的要求。
篇8：雅思英语阅读题及答案
Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the Treaty
A. After a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief, continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in . Whether the European public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a time before is another matter.
B. There are several reasons for Europe's recovering self-confidence. For years European economies had been lagging dismally behind America (to say nothing of Asia), but in the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade, briefly outstripping America in terms of growth. Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag, 2006's improvement in economic growth will have its impact in 2007, though the recovery may be ebbing by then.
C. The coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natural law. Every four or five years, European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty: the Maastricht treaty in 1992, the Treaty of Amsterdam in , the Treaty of Nice in . And in they were supposed to ratify a European constitution, laying the ground for yet more integration―until the calm rhythm was rudely shattered by French and Dutch voters. But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted, not immobilised, by this setback.
D. In 2007 the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty―the Treaty of Rome, its founding charter. Government leaders have already agreed to celebrate it ceremoniously, restating their commitment to “ever closer union” and the basic ideals of European unity. By itself, and in normal circumstances, the EU's 50th-birthday greeting to itself would be fairly meaningless, a routine expression of European good fellowship. But it does not take a Machiavelli to spot that once governments have signed the declaration (and it seems unlikely anyone would be so uncollegiate as to veto it) they will already be halfway towards committing themselves to a new treaty. All that will be necessary will be to incorporate the 50th-anniversary declaration into a new treaty containing a number of institutional and other reforms extracted from the failed attempt at constitution-building and―hey presto―a new quasi-constitution will be ready.
E. According to the German government―which holds the EU's agenda-setting presidency during the first half of 2007―there will be a new draft of a slimmed-down constitution ready by the middle of the year, perhaps to put to voters, perhaps not. There would then be a couple of years in which it will be discussed, approved by parliaments and, perhaps, put to voters if that is deemed unavoidable. Then, according to bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin, blithely ignoring the possibility of public rejection, the whole thing will be signed, sealed and a new constitution delivered in -10. Europe will be nicely back on schedule. Its four-to-five-year cycle of integration will have missed only one beat.
F. The resurrection of the European constitution will be made more likely in 2007 because of what is happening in national capitals. The European Union is not really an autonomous organisation. If it functions, it is because the leaders of the big continental countries want it to, reckoning that an active European policy will help them get done what they want to do in their own countries.
G. That did not happen in 2005-06. Defensive, cynical and self-destructive, the leaders of the three largest euro-zone countries―France, Italy and Germany―were stumbling towards their unlamented ends. They saw no reason to pursue any sort of European policy and the EU, as a result, barely functioned. But by the middle of 2007 all three will have gone, and this fact alone will transform the European political landscape.
H. The upshot is that the politics of the three large continental countries, bureaucraticmomentum and the economics of recovery will all be aligned to give a push towards integration in 2007. That does not mean the momentum will be irresistible or even popular. The British government, for one, will almost certainly not want to go with the flow, beginning yet another chapter in the long history of confrontation between Britain and the rest of Europe. More important, the voters will want a say. They rejected the constitution in 2005. It would be foolish to assume they will accept it after 2007 just as a result of an artful bit of tinkering.
【Questions 1-6 Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?】
Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
TRUE if the statemenht reflets the claims of the writer
FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is possbile to say what the writer thinks about this
1. After years' introspection and mistrust, continental European governments will resurrect their enthusiasm for more integration in 2007.
2. The European consitution was officially approved in 2005 in spite of the oppositon of French and Dutch voters.
3. The Treaty of Rome , which is considered as the fundamental charter of the European Union, was signed in 1957.
4. It is very unlikely that European countries will sign the declaration at the 50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome.
5. French government will hold the EU's presidency and lay down the agenda during the first half of .
6. For a long time in hisotry, there has been confrontation between Britain and the rest of European countries.
Questions 7-10 Complet the following sentencces.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.
【Write your answer in Boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.】
7. Every four or five years, European countries tend to make a rapid progress towards ___________________by signing a new treaty.
8. The European constitution is supposed to ______________________for yet more integration of European Union member countries.
9. The bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin rashly ignore the possibility of __________________and think the new consitution will be delivered in 2009-10.
10. The politics of the three large continental countries, __________________ and the economic recovery will join together to urge the integration in 2007.
【Questions 11-14 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.】
11. Which of the following statemnts is true of Euopean economic development.
A. The economy of Europe developed much faster than that of Asia before 2006.
B. The growth of European economy was slightly slower than that of America in 2006.
C. The development of European economy are likely to slow down by 2007.
D. The recovery of European economy may be considerably accelerated by 2007.
12. The word “immobilised” in the last line of Section C means ___________.
A. stopped completely.
B. pushed strongly.
C. motivated wholely.
D. impeded totally.
13. Which of the following statements about the treaties in European countries is NOT TRUE.
A. The Maastricht Treaty was signed in 1992.
B. The Treaty of Amsterdan was signed in 1997.
C. The Treaty of Nice was signed in 2001.
D. The Treaty of Rome was signed in 2007.
14. The European constitution failed to be ratified in 2005--2006, because
A. The leaders of France, Italy and Germany were defensive, cynical and self-destructuve..
B. The voters in two countries of the Union --France and Holland rejected the constitution.
C. The leaders of the EU thought that it was unneccessary to pursue any European policy.
D. France, Italy and Germany are the three largest and most influential euro-zone countries.
【Notes to the Reading Passage】
1. pan-Enropean
pan- 前缀：全，总，泛
pan-African 全/泛非洲的(运动)
pan-Enropean全/泛欧的(机构建设)
2. outstrip
超越，胜过，超过，优于
Material development outstripped human development “物质的发展超过了人类的进步”
3. ebb
回落跌落;衰退或消减
The tide is on the ebb. 正在退潮。
4. Machiavelli
马基雅维利，尼克尔1469-1527意大利政治理论家，他的著作君主论(15)阐述了一个意志坚定的统治者不顾道德观念的约束如何获得并保持其权力。
文章中意为“任何一个人都可以看到，显而易见。”
5. hey presto
突然地;立即(魔术师用语)您看，变!
6. upshot
结果;结局
【Keys to the Questions 1-14】
1. TRUE
Explanation
See the first sentence in Section A “Aftera period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief, continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in 2007”.
2. FALSE
Explanation
See the third sentence in Section C “And in 2005 they were supposed to ratify a European constitution, laying the ground for yet more integration―until the calm rhythm was rudelyshattered by French and Dutch voters.”.
3. TRUE
Explanation
See the first sentence in the Section D “In 2007 the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty―the Treaty of Rome, its founding charter.”.
4. FALSE
Explanation
See the third sentence in Section D“But it does not take a Machiavelli to spot that once governments have signed the declaration (and it seems unlikely anyone would be so uncollegiate as to veto it) they will already be halfway towards committing themselves to a new treaty”.
5. NOT GIVEN
Explanation
See the first sentence in Section E “According to the German government―which holds the EU's agenda-setting presidency during the first half of 2007”.
6. TRUE
Explanation
See the third sentence in Section H“The British government, for one, will almost certainly not want to go with the flow, beginning yet another chapter in the long history of confrontation between Britain and the rest of Europe”.
7. further integration
Explanation
See the second sentence in Section C“Every four or five years, European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty”.
8. lay the ground
Explanation
See the third sentence in Section C “And in 2005 they were supposed to ratify a European constitution, laying the ground for yet more integration―until the calm rhythm was rudelyshattered by French and Dutch voters.”.
9. publc rejection
Explanation
See the third sentence in Section E“Then, according to bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin, blithely ignoring the possibility of public rejection, the whole thing will be signed, sealed and a new constitution delivered in 2009--10.”
10. bureaucratc momentum
Explanation
See the frst sentence in Section H “The upshot is that the politics of the three large continental countries, bureaucratic momentum and the economics of recovery will all be aligned to give a push towards integration in 2007.”.
11. C
Explanation
See the last sentence in Section B “Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag, 2006's improvement in economic growth will have its impact in 2007, though the recovery may be ebbing by then”.
12. A
Explanation
See the last sentence in Section C “But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted, not immobilised, by this setback.”
13 . D
Explanation
See the first sentence in Section D “In 2007 the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty―the Treaty of Rome, its founding charter.”
14 .B
Explanation
See third sentence in Section C: “And in 2005 they were supposed to ratify a European constitution, laying the ground for yet more integration―until the calm rhythm was rudelyshattered by French and Dutch voters.“.
[雅思英语阅读题及答案]
篇9：雅思阅读真题精选:orientatinofbirds
雅思阅读真题精选:orientatin of birds
Migration of Birds
Orientation andNavigation
A .Factors in a bird'senvironment select for the expression of migratory behavior, leading to theevolution of a migratory pattern or, on the other hand, to the loss ofmigratory abilities. Factors in the environment function to provide direct,proximal stimulation for the physiological preparation for migration. Factorsin the environment also provide information that allows birds to navigateduring migratory passage. Navigation requires knowing three things: currentlocation, destination, and the direction to travel to get from the currentlocation to the destination. Humans eventually learned to use both the sun andthe stars to obtain this information. Recently we invented more precisesatellite-based technologies that have made these celestial cues fordetermining geographic positions superfluous and developed electronic aids tonavigation that allow orientation without reference to the natural environment.Birds have successfully navigated for eons using environmental information.
B .Birds are not alone in their ability to navigatelong distances. Fish, mammals, and even insects make migratory journeys. Butthe clarion honking of geese moving in huge skeins across the vault of theheavens, the twittering of migrants filtering down out of the night sky, theflocks of newly arrived birds filling woodlands, fields, and mudflats makes usmost aware of the seasonal movements of birds and fills us with awe and wonderas to how such a magnificent event can be accomplished season after season,year after year, with such unerring precision.
C .Of the three kinds of information necessary fornavigation, we know something about the environmental cues that birds use to orienttheir migratory flight in the proper direction. On the other hand, there alsois well-supported experimental evidence that birds use neither the positions ofthe sun or the stars to know where they are or where they are to go. It hasbeen shown, however, that birds must learn both the location of the winteringarea as well as the location of the breeding area in order to navigateproperly, but we have no idea what information they are learning. Nor do weknow what cues birds use to know the location of their migratory destinationwhen they are in their wintering locale, often thousands of miles away. Therecapture of banded birds at the same places along the route of the migratoryjourney in subsequent years suggests that some species also learn the locationof traditional stop-over sites, but how they do that remains a mystery.
Vector Navigation
D.European Starlings passthrough Holland on their migration from Sweden, Finland, and northwesternRussia to their wintering grounds on the channel coast of France and thesouthern British Isles. Perdeck transported thousands of starlings from TheHague to Switzerland, releasing these banded birds in a geographic location inwhich the population had never had any previous experience. The subsequentrecapture of many of these banded birds demonstrated that the adults, which hadpreviously made the migratory flight, knew they had been displaced and returnedto their normal wintering range by flying a direction approximately ninetydegrees to their usual southwesterly course. The juveniles, which had nevermade the trip before, in contrast, continued to fly southwest and wererecaptured on the Iberian peninsula. These first-year birds ”knew“what direction to fly, but did not recognize they had been displaced, thusending up in an atypical wintering range. In subsequent years these now adultbirds returned to again winter in Spain and Portugal. Coupled with anotherdisplacement of starlings to the Barcelona coast in Spain, Perdeck concludedthat the proper direction of the migratory flight was innate, that is,inherited in their DNA, since the naive juveniles could fly that direction, andthat the birds were also genetically programmed to fly a set distance. This isthe same vector or dead-reckoning navigation program Lindberg used to fly fromNew York to Paris by maintaining a given compass direction (or directions) fora predetermined time (i.e., distance). But this study demonstrated that thisnavigation system is modified by experience, since adults knew they were not inHolland any longer and knew that in order to get to their normal winteringgrounds they needed to fly a direction that they had never flown before! Theseresults are truly amazing. And we don't know how they did it.
E.Displacement studies in the Western Hemisphere usingseveral species of buntings also demonstrated that birds recognized they hadbeen moved and could fly appropriate, yet unique, routes to return to theirnormal range. Yet adult Hooded Crows transported latitudinally by over 600 km fromwintering grounds in the eastern Baltic to northwestern Germany failed torecognize this displacement. In the spring they oriented properly but migratedto Sweden, west of their normal breeding range. This species used vectornavigation, but did not know the location of its traditional destination. Sinceit is generally accepted that migratory behavior evolved independently againand again in different bird populations, a single explanation to fit all casesperhaps should not be expected.
Orientation Cues
F .Most of theeffort applied to understanding how birds make a migratory flight has beendirected toward environmental cues that birds use to maintain a particularflight direction. These cues are landmarks on the Earth's surface, the magneticlines of flux that longitudinally encircle the Earth, both the sun and thestars in the celestial sphere arching over the Earth, and perhaps prevailingwind direction and odors.
Landmarks are useful as a primarynavigation reference only if the bird has been there before. For cranes, swans,and geese that migrate in family groups, young of the year could learn thegeographic map for their migratory journey from their parents. But most birdsdo not migrate in family flocks, and on their initial flight south to thewintering range or back north in the spring must use other cues. Yet birds areaware of the landscape over which they are crossing and appear to use landmarksfor orientation purposes. Radar images of migrating birds subject to a strongcrosswind were seen to drift off course, except for flocks migrating parallelto a major river. These birds used the river as a reference to shift theirorientation and correct for drift in order to maintain the proper ground track.That major geographic features like Point Pelee jutting into Lake Erie or CapeMay at the tip of New Jersey are meccas for bird-watchers only reflects thefact that migrating birds recognize these peninsulas during their migration.Migrating hawks seeking updrafts along the north shore of Lake Superior or theridges of the Appalachians must pay attention to the terrain below them inorder to take advantage of the energetic savings afforded by these topographicstructures.
G.Since humans learned to use celestialcues, it was only natural that studies were undertaken to demonstrate thatbirds could use them as well. Soon after the end of the Second World War,Gustav Kramer showed that migratory European Starlings oriented to the azimuthof the sun when he used mirrors to shift the sun's image by ninety degrees inthe laboratory and obtained a corresponding shift in the birds' orientation.Furthermore, since the birds would maintain a constant direction even thoughthe sun traversed from east to west during the day, the compensation for thismovement demonstrated that the birds were keeping time. They knew whatorientation to the sun was appropriate at 9 a.m. They knew what different anglewas appropriate at noon, and again at 4 p.m. It has been recently shown thatmelatonin secretions from the light-sensitive pineal gland on the top of thebird's brain are involved in this response. Not only starlings but homingpigeons, penguins, waterfowl, and many species of perching birds have beenshown to use solar orientation. Even nocturnal migrants take directionalinformation from the sun. European Robins and Savannah Sparrows that wereprevented from seeing the setting sun did not orient under the stars as well asbirds that were allowed to see the sun set. Birds can detect polarized lightfrom sunlight's penetration through the atmosphere, and it has beenhypothesized that the pattern of polarized light in the evening sky is theprimary cue that provides a reference for their orientation.
Using the artificial night sky provided byplanetariums demonstrated that nocturnal migrants respond to star patterns.(quite analogous to Kramer's work on solar orientation, Franz Sauerdemonstrated that if the planetarium sky is shifted, the birds make acorresponding shift in their orientation azimuth. Steve Emlen was able to showthat the orientation was not dependent upon a single star, like Polaris, but tothe general sky pattern. As he would turn off more and more stars so that theywere no longer being projected in the planetarium, the bird's orientationbecame poorer and poorer. While the proper direction for orientation at a giventime is probably innate, Emlen was able to show that knowing the location of”north“ must be learned. When young birds were raised under aplanetarium sky in which Betelgeuse, a star in Orion of the southern sky, wasprojected to the celestial north pole, the birds oriented as if Betelgeuse was”north" when they were later placed under the normally orientatednight sky, even though in reality it was south!
H.Radar studies have shown that birds domigrate above cloud decks where landmarks are not visible, under overcast skieswhere celestial cues are not visible, and even within cloud layers whereneither set of cues is available. The nomadic horsemen of the steppes of Asiaused the response of lodestones to the Earth's magnetic field to find theirway, and the hypothesis that migrating birds might do the same was suggested asearly as the middle of the nineteenth century. Yet it was not until themid-twentieth century that Merkel and Wiltschko demonstrated in a laboratoryenvironment devoid of any other cues that European Robins would change theirorientation in response to shifts in an artificial magnetic field that was asweak as the Earth's natural field. Although iron-containing magnetite crystalsare associated with the nervous system in homing pigeons, Northern Bobwhite,and several species of perching birds, it is unknown whether they areassociated with the sensory receptor for the geomagnetic cue. An alternatehypothesis for the sensory receptor suggests that response of visual pigmentsin the eye to electromagnetic energy is the basis for geomagnetic orientation.It has been shown, however, that previous exposure to celestial orientationcues enhances the ability of a bird to respond more appropriately when onlygeomagnetic cues are available.
Radar observations indicate that birdswill decrease their air speed when their ground speed is augmented by a strongtail wind. We also know that birds can sense wind direction as gusts rufflingthe feathers stimulate sensory receptors located in the skin around the base ofthe feather. Since there are characteristic patterns of wind circulation aroundhigh and low pressure centers at the altitude most birds migrate, it has beenhypothesized that birds could use these prevailing wind directions as anorientation cue. However, there presently is no experimental support for thishypothesis.
I.The sense of smell in birds wasconsidered for a long time to be poorly developed, but more recent evidencesuggests that some species can discriminate odors quite well. If the olfactorynerves of homing pigeons are cut, the birds do not return to their home loft aswell as birds whose olfactory nerves were left intact. A similar experiment hasdemonstrated that European Starlings with severed olfactory nerves returnedless often than unaffected control birds even at distances as great as 240 kmfrom their home roosts. And even more interesting, when these starlingsreturned to the nesting area the following spring, the starlings withnonfunctioning olfactory nerves returned at a significantly lower frequencythan the other starlings.
J.Considering the array of demonstratedand suggested cues that birds might use in their orientation, it is clear thatthey rely upon a suite of cues rather than a single cue. For a migrating birdthis redundancy is critical, since not all sources of orientation informationare equally available at a given time, nor are all sources of informationequally useful in a given situation.
Questions 1—8
The passage on the previous pages has eight sections labeled A-J
Which section mentions the following?
Write the correct letter A-Jin boxes1—8 on your answersheet.
1. The possible conclusion for migrating birds.
2. A description of olfactory nerves about birds’sdistance.
3. A description of Latitude about several species.
4. Insights from studies how young birds finddirection.
5. The ways birds can use for navigation.
6. Classes of animals for migratory movements.
7. The elements that birds have to navigation.
8. The birds use different cues to cope with weather.
Questions 9—11
Choose THREE letters A-F
Write your answers in boxes 9—11 on your answer sheet.
The list below gives some ways of regarding navigation.
Which THREE ways are mentioned by the writer of the text?
A. a exercise for young adult activity
B. Latitude for wintering ground
C. Physical surrounding
D. Weather cues
E. Satellite-based technologies
F. Places destination when they are in winter
Questions 12—14
Do the following statements agree with the information given in thepassage?
In boxes 12—14 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE ifthe statement agrees with the information
FALSE ifthe statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if thereis no information on this
12. Birds’ migratory flight is affected by using natural environment.
13. Fish, mammals and insects are not in their ability to makemigratory journeys.
14. Birds use cues to find their destination thousands of miles away.
雅思阅读需要特别注意的问题有哪些
总述篇：
雅思考试里的阅读部分答题时间1个小时，要求完成3篇文章共40个题目的解答，总计约3000词。其文章内容广泛，涉及动物学、人类学、管理、自然环境、医疗卫生等十个学科， 题目类型包括Headings 、true/false/not given、Short-answer questions、Summary 、Multiple Choice;Matching 、Sentence Completion、diagram/flowchart/table completion 等10种。除了平时刻苦做题外，考试当天还需要留意哪些注意事项呢?现在就从应考和心理两个方面简单谈一谈。
技巧篇：
一、 发挥笔的作用：
雅思考试与托福不同，仍旧是传统的笔纸答题方式，更符合中国考生的阅读习惯。在阅读考试过程中，考生最好笔不离手，做好各种标记。在读文章时，记号可以起到突出重要内容，加深记忆的作用。
当需要在文章定位一些非特殊印刷体的关键词时，笔可以指引读者的视线，一方面可以加快阅读速度，同时又可以防止漏掉文中的重要信息。解题时用笔可以加快速度，比如，考生在审题时圈出关键词，就可以果断定位原文，同样，用笔还可以排除无关选项，进一步缩小范围提高正确率。
二、 正确填涂答题卡
和听力部分不同，阅读考试是没有留出时间让考生将答案抄誊到答题卡上。所以，各位烤鸭一定要将答案直接写在答题卡上，以免浪费时间。各位烤鸭可以做1道，涂1道。也可以在做完整篇文章后，将答案一起抄誊。最怕的是四十个答案全部写在了卷子上而没有时间誊，一旦考试时间截止，你的这次考试阅读成绩就是零，因为雅思根本不批改你的试卷而只以答题卡上的答案来计分。
不过注意一定要对应题号，千万不要张冠李戴。需要提醒的是，true/false/not given这样的题目，写答案的时候尽量写完整的单词，如true,最好不要用T来代替。
另外，答题卡上千万不能留空。雅思阅读的评分标准是答错题不倒扣分，所以，即使不确定答案交卷前也一定要蒙一个答案，尤其是有选项的题目。MBA的考试中有句名言，题目做不出来是个人技术问题，没人怪你;不会做空在那里不填，是情商问题!
三、 先易后难把题挑
从节省时间的角度来说，考生最好遵循由易到难的原则。3篇文章里，选择你最熟悉的内容、学科开始做起。人们对于自己熟悉的内容总会有着天生的亲切和轻松，更容易正常发挥。同1篇文章里，题目也要先易后难。
通常来讲，填空类别的题目通常最简单，如：table/chart/diagram, summary, sentence completion, short answer questions等，可以先做。选择类的通常都较难，例如：T/F/NG, List of headings, Which paragraph contains the following information等，可以放到后面做。因为这些题目绝大多数是细节型考题。在做完类似headings 这样的题型后，考生对于文章的结构和大一都有比较清晰地了解，在这个基础上再完成细节题定位会更加准确，节约时间且提高正确率。
雅思阅读必知的高频关系词
雅思阅读高频关系词1.表转折：
but, however, yet, in fact, on the other hand;
A, but B: 否定A而肯定B，则A，B两部分内容是相反的。
例如：Computerized data storage and electronic mail were to have heralded the paper less office. But, contrary to expectations, paper consumption throughout the world shows no sign of abating .
解释：paper less 表示负向，则but后no sign of abating 表示正向，所以abating是表示负向的词。
总结：此种方法有利于在不认识单词的前提下读懂句子意思，很有帮助，但一定要练习，而且要敏感。
练习：The marginal costs of generating electricity from nuclear energy may be tiny, but , as the technology now stands, huge and uncertain costs are involved in building the power stations, dealing with spent fuel, and decommissioning.
雅思阅读高频关系词2.表让步：
(1)although：although A, B:尽管有A，B还是出现了(A，B互不影响)若A是正，那B就是负的。
例如：Although the world regards Asia as the focus of an economic and industrial miracle, without adequate supplies of food, Lampe says, chaos could easily result in many countries.
解释：miracle奇迹，表正向,则but后的chaos是一个表负向的词。
(2)while：五个含义：
A. although：虽然，尽管
B. as long as：只要
C. whereas, but：表转折
D.when：当。。。的时候
E. n. 表一段时间
例如：While ducks offer many advantages over hens, they must be given greater quality of food, especially if regular eggs are desired.
解释：原文在本段之前讲鸭子的好，在本段之后讲它的不好。
(3)Albeit：尽管，虽然
例如：Albeit true but not now.
雅思阅读高频关系词3.表并列：A and B
A...and B...
(1) 并列双方性质相同;
(2) 当A、B都比较复杂时，应该从最后一项找起，根据B的形式到前文找到A
例如：The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds.
解释：此句话中共有四个and ,第一个and 并列of 结构，第二个and 并列fumes和toxic,第三个and并列taxicabs, lorries 和buses, 第四个and并列full of …, torn by… 和thronged…
雅思阅读高频关系词4.表递进：没有转折的意思，后项承接上文。
A furthermore B
A moreover B
A besides B
A为正向，B 仍为正向。
雅思阅读高频关系词5.表顺序或过程：
(1) first, then, next, later on, finally
(2) 1st, 2nd, 3rd…
(3) in the first place, in the second place…
(4) before…, after…
(5) once, until, as soon as,…
雅思阅读高频关系词6.特殊的关键词：人名，地名，时间，数字，生词(这是最好的定位标准，多以A---A形式重现)
雅思阅读高频关系词7.比较级：类比
对比
(1) as…as, like 类比
(2) more…than, unlike 对比
(3) 不同的时间导致强的对比关系
例如：一段讲1840年,…
1919年.。。
二段讲2003年出现了A++(生词)…
问题是，2003年人们有了A++, 1840年的时候人们没有什么?
(4) 不同的地点导致强对比关系
例如：In Australia, only,….
In Asia, many, A(生词)
问题是，Australia缺什么?
雅思阅读高频关系词8.例如：A for example = ：=—— B
A是理论，B是解释
雅思阅读高频关系词9.因果关系：
(1) 大因果关系/分句间因果关系(即：原因、结果是两句话)
because, in that, as, since, for, so(that), therefore, thus, hence, as a result
(2) 小因果关系/句内因果关系(在一句话中，通过v.来表达)
例如：Increased air temperature brought about higher sea levels.
Cause, lead to, result in/ from, contribute to, pose, help, create, affect, influence, attribute to.
Attribute A to B, 把A归因于B (因为B所以A)
雅思阅读真题精选:orientatin of birds
文档为doc格式
