今天小编在这给大家整理了分词的语法功能，本文共8篇，我们一起来阅读吧!
篇1：分词的语法功能
1、作定语
I like to read the novel written by Lu Xun.
The woman sitting beside the broken window was a friend of mine.
2、作表语
When I came into the room, I found the window was broken.
I'm interested in this book.
3、作宾语补足语
I'm going to have my bike repaired.
When I walked home, I saw the thief caught by the police.
4、作状语
Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks small.
The teacher came into the classroom, followed by his students.
篇2：分词的语法功能
1、作状语
Seeing from the top of the mountain, I found the city was beautiful.
Walking along the street, they suddenly saw him.
2、作宾语
I hate being spoken ill of.
He considered visiting Japan during the winter vocation.
3、作表语
Seeing is believing.
The book is interesting.
4、作宾语补足语
I noticed him crossing the street.
Mother caught him smoking in the kitchen.
5、作定语
Do you know the man writing a letter?
The worker running a machine is my brother.
分词使用中的几个问题
1、现在分词的完成式
Having cleaned the room, I went out.
2、现在分词的否定式
Not having received any letter, he felt a little worried.
3、现在分词与过去分词的不同
现在分词表示主动、正在，过去分词表示被动、完成
I found the man killed there.
I found the man standing there.
4、have结构
We have the car repaired.
We have repaired the car.
We have Tom repair the car.
We have Tom repairing the car the whole morning.
5、分词作表语
We were excited at the news.
The football game is exciting.
6、独立主格结构
It being a fine day, we went out to visit the park.
II.例题
例1、Time_______，I'll go on a picnic with you.
A. permit B. to permit C. permitted D. permitting
解析：该题答案为D。Time permitting…是独立主格结构，意为“如果时间允许的话…”
例2、_______ if he had any bad habit, she replied that he was a heavy smoker.
A. Ask B. To ask C. Asked D. Asking
解析：该题答案为C。主语she是被问。
篇3：语法--分词
9. 分词
9.1 分词作定语
分词前置
we can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
he is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人
分词后置 (i分词词组；ii 个别分词如given, left； iii 修饰不定代词 something等)
there was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里
this is the question given. 这是所给的问题
there is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西
过去分词作定语
与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
most of the artists invited to the party were from south africa.
典型例题
1) the first textbook ___ for teaching english as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
a. have written b. to be written c. being written d. written
答案d. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句 which is written
2）what's the language ____ in germany?
a. speaking b. spoken c. be spoken d. to speak
答案b. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。
spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式，在句中作定语，修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为：
what's the language (which is) spoken in german?
9.2 分词作状语
as i didn't receive any letter from him, i gave him a call.
->not receiving any letter from him, i gave him a call.
由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。
if more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
->given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。
典型例题
1）_____ some officials, napoleon inspected his army.
a. followed b. followed by c. being followed d. having been followed
答案b. napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by（被…跟随）。本题可改为： with some officials following, napoleon inspected his army.
2）there was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
a. followed b. following c. to be followed d. being followed
答案b. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。
3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
a. heating b. to be heated c. heated d. heat
答案c. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选c。它相当于一个状语从句 when it is heated，…
注意： 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
(being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.
由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
using the book, i find it useful.
在使用的过程中， 我发现这本书很有用。
9.3 连词+分词(短语)
有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。 连词有： when，while，if though，after, before, as. 但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个，如：
while waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
waiting 和saw 的主语相同。
9.4 分词作补语
通常在感官动词和使役动词之后，如：
i found my car missing. 我发现我的车不见了。
i'll have my watch repaired. 我想把我的手表修一下。
9.5 分词作表语
现在分词： 表示主动，正在进行
过去分词： 表示被动，已经完成
she looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。
he remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。
9.6 分词作插入语
其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally speaking 一般说来
talking of (speaking of) 说道
strictly speaking 严格的说
judging from 从…判断
all things considered 从整体来看
taking all things into consideration 全面看来
judging from his face, he must be ill. 从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的动作)
9.7 分词的时态
1）与主语动词同时，
hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 听到这一消息，他高兴得手舞足蹈。
arriving there, they found the boy dead. 刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。
典型例题
the secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
a. to prepare b. preparing c. prepared d. was preparing
答案b. 此处没有连词，不能选d，否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在b，c中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生，且与主语为主动关系，应用现在分词。
2）先于主动词
while walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。
分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用having done。
having finished his homework, he went out.
=as he had finished his homework, he went out.
做完作业后，他出去了。
典型例题
___ a reply, he decided to write again.
a. not receiving b. receiving not c. not having received d. having not received
答案c. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断，分词的动作（接信）发生在谓语动词的动作（决心再写信）之前，因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词，故选c。该句可理解为：because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.
9.8 分词的语态
1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动，例如：
he is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…) 他就是给你钱的那个人。
he is the man stopped by the car. ( = who was stopped by…)
他就是那个被车拦住的人。
2）不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生
gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
例: a well-read person. 一个读过许多书的人
a much-travelled may 一个去过许多地方的人
a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴
篇4：语法题析---分词
分词是必考内容，在历届试题中均占相当大的比例。有时，即使分词不是题目焦点，但对分词的正确分析则可以帮助考生选择正确的答案。分词的命题要点集中在（1）分词的形容词特性、（2）分词短语作后置定语、（3） 现在分词和过去分词的主动与被动含义。
分词常考题型及解题要点：
1. 分词具有形容词特征，可单独作定语或表语
例题分析
(1) The highly respect zoologist Ernest Just Joined the ruling board of the Marine Biological Laboratory in the 1930’s.
[答案] 动词respect用来修饰后面的名词zoologist，故应改用分词respected形式，其作用相当于形容词作定语。
(2) A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of time.
[答案] 修饰保词period应用动词的分词形式，即fixed。
(3) Characteristics of Op Art are the carefully arrange hues and geometric patterns that create optical illusions.
[答案] 修饰名词hues，应用分词形式arranged。
(4) The question of the origin of the Moon is interest not only in itself but also as a part of the larger genesis of the earth and the solar system .
[答案] interest应用其分词interesting形式作表语，作用相当于一个形容词。
2. 分词短语作定语，放置于中心名词后面
解题要点 分词短语作后置定语在考题中出现频率非常高。因而，考生务必熟记这一结构和用法。实际上，分词短语作后置定语。皆是定语从句的省略形式。
例题分析
(1) The leaves and stems of the aifaifa plant are the only parts of the plant -------.
(A) the uses for livestock feed
(B) for using livestock feed
(C) used for livestock feed
(D) they are used for livestock feed
[答案] C过去分词used + 介语短语组成的分词短语修饰前面的名词成分the only parts of the plant，作后置定语。此结构亦扩展为定语从句(that are ) used for livestock feed
(2) The slide rule used sliding scales with marks ______ numbers and their logarithms.
(A) representing (B) represented
(C) are represented (D) they are representing
[答案] A 分词短语作名词marks的后置定语，作用相当于一个定语从句：which represent numbers and their logarithms。
(3) Early philosophers believe that the mind was divided into three faculties ------- s feeling ,intellect and will
(A) to know (B) known (C) knowing (D) knew them
[答案] B分词短语known as…说明前面的名词three faculties。此结构可改写成定语从句。Which are known as…
(4) The bison know for the hump over its shoulders is usually called a buffalo in North America.
[答案] 此句主语是The bison ,谓语是系词is ,划线A部分应当为分词短语，修饰名词The bison .A应改为known for。
(5) Louisa May Alcott is chiefly remembered for Little Women. One of the most popular girls books ever wrote
[答案] 修饰名词books应用分词生语ever written。
3. 分词短语作状语
解题要点 在句了意义非常清楚明确时，状语从句通常可以简略为分词短语，但有一个先决条件。此分词短语的逻辑主语应与句子的主语为同一人或物，此类分词短语通常置于句首。
例题分析
(1) _____ as“the census taker of the sky”, Annie Jump Cannon contributed considerably to the field of astronomy.
(A) Known (B) Knowing (C) To known (D) Knowledge (92.5)
[答案] A 分词短语置于句首作表示身份的状语。它的逻辑主语即是句子的主语Annie Jump Cannon.
(2) ------- in 1635, the Boston Latin School is the oldest public school in the United States .
(A) Founded (B) Founding (C) To found (D) Having founded (92.1)
[答案] A 分词短语表示时间，其逻辑主语即是句子主语The Boston Latin School.
(3) ------- the constitution of the Cherokee Nation provided for a chief executive, a senate, and a house of representatives.
(A) In 1827 they drafted (B) The draft in 1827
(C) In 1872 was drafted (D) Drafted in 1827
[答案] D分词短语作状语，表示时间。此结构可扩展为一状语从句；where the constitution of the Cherokee Nation was drafted in 1827 it provided for a chief executive a senate, and a house of representatives.
4. 现在分词表达主动的概念；过去分词表达被动的概念
例题分析
(1) Judging to be the best boxer of his time, sugar Ray Robinson lost only 3 out of 137 fights
[答案] 此分词短语与其逻辑上的主语sugar Ray Robinson 是被动的关系（Sugar was judged to be…） 故应用过去词Judged to be.
(2) During the Colonial days, the Iroquois had an agricultural economy basing mainly on corn with supplementary crops of pumpkins , beans, and tobacco.
[答案] 通常我们说to be based on ，这个短语表示被动概念（基于，以…为基础），所以应改用过去分词based。
(3) Per capita income is a nation*s entire income dividing by the number of people in the nation.
[答案] 根据句意及分词dividing后面的介词by，可以推断这个分词短语表达的是被动的概念，因此，应用过去分词divided by。
(4) Clementine Hunter’s primitive paintings have been exhibited at various galleries. Included one at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. D.C.
[答案] 分词included与其逻辑的主语paintings并无被动的关系，不应用过去分词，应改为惯用现在分词短语including + 名词宾语的结构。
篇5：英文语法杂谈：分词
英文语法杂谈(1)：分词
分词的相关语法（Participle）
大家都知道英文的动词（verb）可不像中文那般单纯。比如说“帮助”一词，虽可做动词，也可做名词用；可是就没有时间性。而英文动词的变化可就多了，它可变成名词、形容词、副词等，而且还有所谓“Tenses”（时态）。比如“help”，就有下列各种时态：
Simple Present 现在时态 -- help, helps
Simple Past 过去时态 -- helped
Simple Future 将来时态 -- shall help, will help ...
Present Continuous 现在进行时态 -- be helping
Present Perfect 现在完成时态 -- have helped, has helped...
Present Perfect Continuous 现在完成进行时态 -- have been helped...
Past Continuous 过去进行时态 -- was helping...
Past Perfect 过去完成时态 -- had helped...
Past Perfect Continuous 过去完成进行时态 -- had been helping...
Future Continuous 将来进行时态 -- shall be helping...
Future Perfect 将来完成时态 -- shall have helped...
Future Perfect Continuous 将来完成进行时态 -- shall have been helping...
Present Participle 现在式分词 -- helping
Past Participle 过去式分词 -- helped
Perfect Participle 完成式分词 -- having helped...
呵呵，单单一个动词就就上面那么多的时态变化，英文真伟大!且慢，上面所举的那个help，看来只有下列几种“变形”而已（你知道吗，英文是一种“变形语”哟！汉语则是“分析语”）：help, helping, helped
别高兴得太早啦，其实有好多动词它的Past和Perfect时态的拼写法就不太相同，如：
write: wrote（Past），written（Perfect）
sing: sang（Past），sung（Perfect）
而有些动词则“始终如一”，各种时态（除了各类进行式）都是一样的拼写，如：cut，hit，hurt，let，put，read，shut ...
上面所谈都是一些动词的'基础知识（要是详细谈起来又是一大篇呢!）。现在言归正传，我们所要谈的是“分词”。基本上分词分为下列两种（第三种的Perfect Participle拼入Past Participle）：
1. 现在式分词（Present Participle）
2. 过去式分词（Past Participle）
注意：过去式分词所用的动词都属于“完成时态”（Perfect）
1. Mounting（骑上）his horse，the bandit（土匪）rode off.
2. A soldier，wounded（受伤）in the Great War，came limping（一跛一跛的）by.
第一个句子中，mounting修饰名词bandit，因此是个形容词（Adjective）；但它还带有宾语（Object）horse，因此含有动词的意味。这就是分词的特征。第二个句子中，wounded也有动词和形容词的特征。这个过去分词还有被动的意思。
现在分词（Present Participle, 如mounting）和动名词（Gerund）一样，都是在动词尾加上ing构成；而过去分词（Past Participle，如 wounded）则是在动词尾加上 ed，en，d，t所构成。
篇6：英文语法杂谈：分词
英文语法杂谈(2)：分词
分词的相关语法（Participle）
三、用分词作为状语(Adverbial Modifier)
3.1 用作状语的分词和逻辑主语是“主动关系”。表示动作和谓语的动作同时发生。
1. David was lying in bed crying. (逻辑主语David，分词crying)
2. We walked along the banks singing merrily.. (逻辑主语we，分词singing)
3.2 现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用现在分词完成式(Present
Perfect Participle)
1. Having written the letter, I went out to post it. (现在完成式分词having written)
2. Having already seen the film twice, she didn't want to go to the cinema. (having seen)
3.3 用作状语的分词和逻辑主语有“被动关系”，要用过去分词(Past Participle)
1. We went home exhausted(疲惫地). (逻辑主语we, 过去分词exhausted)
2. Encouraged by my teacher, I decided to work hard. (逻辑主语I，过去分词encouraged)
3.4 用作状语的.分词和逻辑主语有“被动关系”，也可用被动式的现在分词(having been + v-ed)
1. Having been invited to speak, I'll start making preparations tomorrow.(逻辑主语I, 被动式现在分词having been invited)
3.5 有的分词在句子中没有逻辑主语，这类特别分词有：regarding 关于，barring 除……以外，concerning 关于，granting /granted(that) 假定、即使，presuming 假定，admitting (that) 承认， considering考虑到，assuming 假设，seeing that 考虑到，supposing (that) 假定，given (that)考虑到、如果……
1. He did poorly in his examinations, considering how hard he had atudiedfor them.
2. Granted that he has enough money to buy the house, it doesn't meanhe's going to do so.
3. He asked me questions concerning my health.
还有分词词组：
taking...into consideration 考虑到，judging by /from 从……判断，talking about 说到……，speaking of 说到……，looking at 考虑到、着眼于，generally speaking 一般说来，allowing for 考虑到……
1. Generally speaking, boys are more interested in such activities that girls.
2. Allowing for the deficiencies(不足), the show is a success.
上回谈到用分词作为状语，谈得比较深入。下面提供几个比较常用的句子以供参考：
1. Being a student, she likes to help others. (being 作student 的状语)
2. Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can
篇7：大学四六级分词语法
大学四六级分词语法
1.分词作定语
1)分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可以放在所修饰的词后面，作后置定语。其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如：
Wherearethereservedseats?(=Wherearetheseatswhichhavebeenreserved?)
预定的座位在哪里？
Thisisapressingproblem.(=Thisisaproblemwhichispressing.)
这是一个紧迫的问题。
2)分词作后置定语可分为限制性（紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后）和非限制性（用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开）两种，其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。例如：
Thefundsraised(=whichhavebeenraised)aremainlyusedforhelpingthehomeless.
筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。
Therearemanystudentswaiting(=whoarewaiting)togetexamined.
有许多学生在等待检查。
Thisbook，written(=whichiswritten)insimpleEnglish，issuitableforbeginners.
本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。
3)分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语。例如：
Theflower-carryinggirlmustbewaitingforsomeone.
那位手持鲜花的姑娘一定在等人。
Thenewly-builtbuildingisourofficebuilding.
这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。
4)有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语，并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成。这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。例如：
Therearealotoffallenleavesinautumn.
秋天有许多落叶。
Thefilmdescribesthestoryaboutthepolicewhopursueanescapedman.
这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。
常用的这一类词有：fallen，faded，returned，retired，risen，&
更多资源请浏览3edu英语角[e.3edu.net/Index.html] nbsp;grownup，vanished等。
2.分词作宾语补足语
1)跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch，haveget，keep，hear，find，feel，leave，make，want，start，notice，observe，watch，set等。例如：
Whentheyreturnedhomefromtheholiday，theyfoundtheirhousestolen.
当他们度假完回到家时，发现房子被盗了。（过去分词表示被动）
Wewantthisworkfinishedquickly.
我们要求这项工作很快完成。
2)在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。例如：
Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimselfheard.
由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。
Whenheawoke，hefoundhimselfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman.
他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。
3.分词作状语
1)分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句；表示方式或伴随状况的可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。例如：
Confinedtobed(=Becauseshewasconfinedtobed)，sheneededtobewaitedonineverything.
她卧病在床，什么事都需要人伺候。（作原因状语）
Havingonlybookknowledge(=Ifyouonlyhavebookknowledge)，youwillnotbe
abletoworkwell.
如果只有书本知识，你就不可能做好工作。（作条件状语）
Theystoodthere[b]waitingforthebus.(=Theystoodthereandwaitedforthebus.)
他们站在那里等公共汽车。（作方式状语）
2)现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较
更多资源请浏览3edu英语角[e.3edu.net/Index.html]
不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语，如果单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句，如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；如果状语从句中的.谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。有时为了强调，分词前可带连词when，while，if，though，asif，unless等一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如：
Workinghard(Ifyouworkhard)，youwillsucceed.
如果你努力，你会成功的。
[b]Defeated(=Thoughhewasdefeated)，heremainedapopularboxer.
虽然他被击败了，但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手。
4.分词的独立结构
1)分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主语，这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构，或叫独立主格。在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。例如：
Theprojectfinished，theyhadatwoweeks’leave.
完成那个计划后，他们休了两周假。
Hebeingabsent，nothingcouldbedone.
由于他缺席，什么事也没法干。
2)独立结构有时也可以用“with/without+名词（或代词的宾语）+分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。例如：
Theysattheresilently，(with)theireyesfixedonthelake.
他们静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。
Withhimhelpingme，Ifeltlucky.
有他的帮助，我感到很幸运。
篇8：系统功能语法初探
系统功能语法初探
以韩礼德为代表的.系统功能语法学派为语言学研究做出了突出贡献,其理论被广泛应用于各个领域.本文意在介绍系统功能语法的基本概念及其核心思想.
作 者：柳谦 作者单位：衡水学院,外国语言文学系,河北大学,外国语学院,河北,衡水,053000 刊 名：考试周刊 英文刊名：KAOSHI ZHOUKAN 年，卷(期)：2008 “”(29) 分类号：H0 关键词：系统功能语法 韩礼德★汉语语法
★语法单位
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