下面小编为大家整理了大学英语四级语法精要：分词，本文共8篇，欢迎阅读与借鉴!
篇1：大学英语四级语法精要：分词
分词
意义: 过去分词通常来自及物动词, 带有被动意义和完成意义; 而现在分词有的来自及物动词, 有的来自不及物动词, 通常带有主动意义和未完成意义.
frozen food a freezing wind
a bored traveller a boring journey
a lost cause a losing battle
a conquered army a conquering army
a finished article the last finishing touch
the spoken word a speaking bird
a closed shop the closing hour
a recorded talk a recording machine
来自不及物动词的过去分词很少能单独用作前置修饰语, 能作这样用的仅限于下面几个词, 仅表示完成意义, 不表示被动意义.
the risen sun, fallen leaves, faded/withered flowers, returned students, retired workers, departed friends, escaped prisoners, the vanished jewels, newly-arrived visitors
用作后置修饰语的过去分词一般都带有修饰语或其他成分, 在意义上相当于关系分句.
Most of the people invited to the reception were old friends.
篇2：大学英语四级语法精要：动词
动词
只能用动名词作宾语的动词: suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, admit, enjoy, leave off, require, postpone, put off, delay, practise, fancy, excuse, pardon, advise, consider, deny, endure, escape, miss
既可用动名词, 也可用不定式作宾语的动词: love, like, hate, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford等.
有时两种结构之间意义差别不大, 有时却有不同的意思. 在remember, regret, want, try等词后差别是比较明显的.
i remember seeing her once somewhere.
i must remember to take my notebooks with me.
i regret not having accepted your advice.
i regret to say i haven’t given you enough help.
she doesn’t want (need) to come.
the house wants (needs) cleaning.
we must try to get everything done in time.
let’s try doing the work some other way.
悬垂修饰: 分词作状语时, 表示的必须是主语的一个动作或状态.
walking through the park, we saw a lot of flowers. (walking是we的动作, 正确)
walking through the park, the flowers looked very beautiful. (错误)
standing on the tower, we could see the whole city. (正确)
standing on the tower, the whole village could be seen. (错误)
篇3：大学英语四级语法精要：连词
Ⅴ 连词
并列连词
表示意义的引申: and, both…and, not only…but(also), as well as, and …as well, neither…nor
表示选择: or, either…or
表示转折: but, while, whereas, yet, however/nevertheless(也可认为是副词)
表示因果: for, so, therefore, hence
从属连词
表示时间: when, while, as, after, before, since, until(till), as soon as, once
表示原因: because, as, since, now that, seeing that
表示条件: if, unless, in case, provided(that), suppose, as long as, on condition (that),
表示其他关系: (al)though, than, as/so…as, lest, in order that, so…that
篇4：大学英语四级语法精要：动名词结构
前面带有代词或名词的动名词结构: 一个动名词前面可以加一个物主代词(或名词的所有格结构), 来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语.
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
Our sole worry is your relying too much on yourself.
Do you mind my reading your paper?
They insisted on my staying there for supper.
如果不是在句子开头, 这个结构常常可以用名词的普通格(或人称代词宾格), 这比用所有格更自然一些.
I don’t mind him going.
She hates people losing their temper.
篇5：大学英语四级语法精要： 比较级和最高级
Ⅷ 比较级和最高级
无比较级和最高级的形容词及副词: complete, perfect, utter, etc
比较从句
as…as, almost/just/nearly as…as, not so/as …as:
we’ll give you as much help as we can.
i haven’t made as much progress as i should.
we’ve produced twice as much cotton this year as we did ten years ago.
my command of english is not half so (as) good as yours.
than, so much/a lot more than, no more… than, not more…than, less than
more…than, less…than可表示“与其说…不如说…”:
he is more good than bad.
he was less hurt than frightened.
the present crisis in capitalist countries is much more a political than an economic crisis.
“no + 形容词或副词比较级 + than”所表示的可以是该形容词或副词的相反的含义:
no rich than = as poor as
no bigger than = as small as
no later than = as early as
john is no better than tom.
i have taken no more than six courses this semester.
the more… the more (越是…就越…)
actually, the busier he is, the happier he feels.
the more they talked, the more encouraged they felt.
more of a, as much of a, less of a, etc: 当as much of a…as, more/less of a …than等结构与单数可数名词搭配时, 名词只能置于比较结构中间.
he is more of a sportsman than his brother.
篇6：大学英语四级语法精要：部分倒装
部分倒装
在部分倒装的句子中只是谓语中的一部分(如助动词, 情态动词, 或系动词be等)放在主语前面, 其余部分仍在主语后面:
under no circumstances must a soldier leave his post.
i couldn’t answer the question. nor could anyone else in our class.
only in this way is it possible to accomplish the above-mentioned glorious task.
句首状语若由 only + 副词, only + 介词词组, only + 状语从句构成, 引起局部倒装:
only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.
only through sheer luck did he manage to get some tickets.
only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.
有not only开头的句子或分句, 往往引起局部倒装:
not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.
not only did the garage overcharge me, but they hadn’t done a very good repair job either.
当句首状语为 never, little, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely等否定词或有否定意义的词语时, 一般引起部分倒装.
no longer are they staying with us.
no sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.
under no circumstances could i agree to such a principle.
篇7：大学英语四级语法精要：宾语从句
宾语从句: 和主语从句及表语从句一样, 宾语从句也有以上三类.
a) 连接代词或副词引导的从句只是在某些动词后能用作宾语.
Tell me what you want.
I just can’t imagine how he could have done such a thing.
Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate.
能跟这类宾语从句的常见动词有: see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discover, discuss, understand, inform, advise等. 这种动词后也常用whether或if引导的从与作宾语:
I don’t know whether these figure are accurate.
I’m wondering if the letter is overweight.
这种从句有时前面可以有另一个宾语:
Has she informed you when they are to hold the meeting?
Please advise me which book I should read first.
有时这种从句也可用作及词的宾语:
Whether that is a good solution depends on how you look at it.
He was not conscious of what an important discovery he had made.
I was curious as to what he would say next.
b) 用that引导的从句作宾语的情形最为普遍, 在很多动词如boast, say, think, insist, wish, hope, suppose, see, believe, agree, acknowledge, admit, deny, expect, explain, confess, order, command, suspect, dream, suggest, propose, know, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, report, urge, 以及doubt的否定和疑问式后面都可以用它.
篇8：大学英语四级语法精要：全部倒装
全部倒装：
在全部倒装的句子中, 整个谓语都放在主语的前面:
here are some registered letters for you.
in came a man with a white beard.
以neither, nor, so等开始的句子: 由so引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(肯定句), 由neither, nor引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(否定句), 助动词或be置于主语前.
“we must start for the work-site now”. “ so must we.”
i am quite willing to help and so are the others.
he didn’t drop any hint. nor (neither) did his secretary.
“i won’t do such a thing.” “nor (neither) will i.”
如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思, 尽管是用so开头, 语序也不要颠倒.
“it was cold yesterday.” “so it was.”
“tomorrow will be monday.” “so it will.”
表示位置或方向的副词提前, 谓语动词为 go, come等表示位置转移的动作动词而主语又较长时, 通常用全部倒装:
there was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat.
the door burst open and i rushed the crowd.
there comes the bus!
now comes your turn.
如果主语是代词, 仍用正常语序:
there comes your turn.
有here引起, 谓语为be的句子, 也要倒装:
here is china’s largest tropical forest.
here are some picture-books.
如果主语是代词, 仍用正常语序:
here we are. this is the new railway station.
“give me some paper.” “here you are.”
表语和系动词提前:
介词短语: on the other side was northern xinjiang.
near the southern end of the village was a large pear orchard.
形容词: very important in the farmer’s life is the radio weather report.
worst of all were the humiliations he suffered.
副词: below is a restaurant.
southwest of the reservoir were 2,000 acres of sandy wasteland.
分词: housed in the cultural palace are a library, an auditorium and recreation rooms.
hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zink.
lying on the floor was a boy aged about 17.
standing beside the table was an interpreter.
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