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英语中主谓一致的差别有哪些

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以下是小编帮大家整理的英语中主谓一致的差别有哪些,本文共10篇,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到您。

英语中主谓一致的差别有哪些

篇1:英语主谓一致浅谈

英语主谓一致浅谈

近年来,通过各种阅卷可以看出,英语主谓一致是学生的一个难点,笔者在实践探讨中总结出,主语和谓语在人称与数上的一致关系,一般遵循三条原则:形态一致原则、意义一致原则和毗邻一致原则.

作 者:杨学军 郭晓伟  作者单位:山东邹城市峄山中学,山东,济宁,273501 刊 名:希望月报(上半月) 英文刊名:HOPE MONTHLY 年,卷(期): “”(10) 分类号:H3 关键词: 

篇2:主谓一致

一)主谓一致的种类

1.语法形式上的一致

主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。如:

The number of the students present is 200.

Jane and Mary look alike.

2.意义上一致

1)主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。如:The crowd were shouting.

单数形式代表复数内容的词有:people, police, cattle等。

2)主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。如:The news was so surprising.

形复意单的单词有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称,如physics,politics, economics等。

3.就近原则

即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or,either…or, neither…not, not only…but also等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如:

Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this.

(二)主谓一致的应用

1.名词作主语

1)某些集体名词,如family, team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。如:

His family is a happy one.

The whole family are watching TV.

这类名词有:audience,class,club,company,crew,enemy,crowd,government,group,party,public,team等。

名词population一词的使用情况类似。“a group(crowd) of +复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数,前者强调整体,后者强调各个部分。

2)某些集体名词,如people, police, cattle等,只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数。如:

The police are searching for the thief.

3)单、复数同形的名词主语时,谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如:

A sheep is over there.

Some sheep are over there.

4)名词所有格之后的名词被省略,这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等,作主语时,动词一般用单数。如:

The doctor’s is across the street.

My uncle’s is not far from here.

常见的省略名词有:the baker’s, the barber’s, the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s等。

表示店铺的名词,一般作集体名词看待,但用作主语时,谓语动词往往用复数。如:

Richardson’s have a lot of goods to sell.

5)当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时,往往可以根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语用单数形式。如:

Three years has passed since then.

6)不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。如:

Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.

7)如果主语有more than one…或many a…构成,尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如:

More than one student has read the book.

Many a girl has been there.

但是,“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后,谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如:

More members than one are against your plan.

8)一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式,例如:glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词”构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如:

A pair of shoes was on the desk.

9)this kind of book =a book of this kind(这种书),其谓语动词用单数;短语this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口语)(这一类人),但this kind of men的谓语动词用单数,men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语动词用复数,all kinds of后跟复数名词,谓语动词用复数形式。如:

This kind of men is dangerous.

Men of this kind are dangerous.

10)复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时,按意义一致原则,作用单数意义时,谓语用单数,反之,谓语用复数。这类名词有:means(方法),works(工厂),species(种类),Chinese,Japanese等。如:

The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. (这家玻璃厂建于1980年。)

The(These)glass works are near the railway station. (这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。)

当它们前面有a, such a , this, that修饰时,谓语用单数;有all, such, these, those修饰时,谓语用复数,但means, no means, the means等词前没有以上修饰词时,可用作单数,也可用作复数。

11)如果名词词组中心词是all,most, half, rest等词语,所指的复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式;反之,用单数。如:

All of my classmates like music.

All of the water is gone.

12)在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如:

Between the two windows hangs a picture.

2.由连接词连接的名词作主语

1) 用and或both…and连接并列主语,谓语动词通常用复数形式。如:

Plastics and rubber never rot.

Walking and riding are good exercises.

但是,并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式,这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如:

Truth and honesty is the best policy.

The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.

To love and to be loved is great happiness.

Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.

A knife and fork is on the table.

2)当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数而定。如:

The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.

3)以or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的名词(代词)作主语时,谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如:

Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.

Either you or he is to go.

3.代词作主语

1)名词性物主代词作主语时,既可以用作单数,也可以用作复数,这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如:

Ours (Our Party) is a great party.

Your shoes are black, and mine(=my shoes) are brown.

2)such, the same起指示代词作用时,应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。如:

Such is our plan. Such are his words.

3)关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如:

Those who want to go please put up your hands.

Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.

4)疑问代词who, what, which作主语时,谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如:

Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu.

Who live next door ? It is Zhang and Liu.

What produce(s) heat ?

5)不定代词any, either, neither, none, all some, more等作主语时,有以下两种情况:

单独作主语时,视其在文中的意义,动词用单数或复数形式,例如:

Now all has been changed. All are present.

either, neither单独作主语时,谓语通常用单数。

但后接of时,若of的宾语为不可数名词,动词当然用单数形式,若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时,动词可以是单数,也可以是复数,在正式文体中,单数形式的动词更常用。如:

Do(es) any of you know his address ?

None of them has(have)seen the film.

4.分数、量词作主语

1)“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of, lots of plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语,例如:

Lots of damage was caused by fire.

About three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water. Three-fifths of the workers here are women.

和这种情况类似的还有“a number of+名词复数”,但是,“the number of +名词”的中心词却是number, 试比较:

A number of students have gone home.

The number of pages in this book is two hundred. 注意:(large)quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数,例如:

Quantities of food(nuts) were on the table.

短语in quantity, in large quantities意为“大量”;in small quantities意为“少量”。

2)a great deal of , a large amount of修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;large amounts of修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数,例如:

A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.

Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.

3)表示数量的one and a half后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,例如:

One and a half bananas is left on the table.

4)half of, (a) part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数,修饰可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数。

5.名词化的形容词作主语

如果主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数,这类词有:the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等;但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。如:

The blind study in special schools.

The departed was a well-known engineer.

这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与名词man, person或表示人的单数连和,如:an old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier

6.从句作主语

1)由what引导的主语从句,谓语动词通常用单数,但所指的具体内容是复数意义时,谓语动词一般用复数形式,例如:

What we need is more time.

What we need are doctors.

2)在“one of+复数名词++who/that/which”引导的从句结构中,关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one,因此,从句中的动词应该是复数形式。如:

This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.

但是当one之前有the only等修饰语时,关系代词的先行词是one,而不是靠近它的复数名词,因此从句的动词应是单数形式。如:

She was the only one of the girls who was late.

篇3:主谓一致

主谓一致

主谓一致是指:

1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的.词语,

一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。

There is much water in the thermos.

但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。

Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.

篇4:主谓一致考点

知识点:

在英语学习中,同学们会逐渐发现随着学习的不断深入,能够充当主语的成分也越来越多,除了常见的名词、代词,还有非谓语、句子等等,那么如何使这些主语和它的谓语动词保持性、数上的一致就成了我们英语学习中的一个重要课题,也是历来高考拟题关注的热点。现总结主谓一致的几点原则如下:

<一>就近原则

1. 由并列结构或连词(either…or, neither…nor,not…but, not only…but also, or等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。

例句:Neither his parents nor Tom is at home. Tom和他的父母都不在家。

Note:“either…or, neither…nor, or”连接的两个主语若是一单一复,最好将复数主词放在后面而接复数动词。

2. 在倒装句和there be句型中,谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。

例句:There is a book and some pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。

There comes the bus. 汽车来了。

3. 在定语从句中,关系代词作主语,其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。

例句:I know the man who is talking to my father.我认识那个正在和我父亲谈话的人。

4. 在强调句中,连接代词又在句中作主语,这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。

例句:It is Mary’s brother who was injured in the car accident. 是Mary的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。

二>意义一致原则

1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with,with,as well as,together with, no less than,besides,except, but, including等短语时,谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰,依然和主语保持一致。

例句:I, along with my sister, am going to Shanghai next month. 我,还有我姐姐,打算下个月去上海。

2. 英语中有一类单、复数同型的词(people,means,sheep,deer,fish等),其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。

例句:All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.这个国家的人都已经为大变革做好了准备。

3. 多数情况下,由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时,其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。

例句:What I want to say is just “ Take care!”.我只想说:“多保重!”

4. 当主语与all, none, any,some等不定代词、形容词连用时,应根据具体句意,来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。

例句:All I know about this company is what he told me yesterday.我对这家公司的了解都是昨天完他告诉我的。

5. “…+ (of) +名词”结构描述数量时,如果“of”后的名词为单数(不可数名词),则谓语动词用单数,如果名词为复数,则谓语动词用复数。

例句:Most of the water here is clean.大部分的水是干净的。

80% cotton has been sent to America.80%的棉花已经被送往美国。

Half of the apples are red.有一半儿的苹果是红的。

6. 词组“a number of, a great/good many, a group of +可数名词复数”的结构作主语时,谓语动词应用复数;如果冠词a变为the,则谓语动词用单数。

例句: A number of ancient buildings are destroyed in the war.许多的古代建筑在战争中被毁。

The number of the visitors has decreased this year. 游客的数量今年减少了。

7. 英语的集体名词(committee, crowd, family, public, group, party, team, class, club, company, union等词),指代“整体”时为单数;指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。

例句:My family was very poor when I was a little girl.当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候,我家很穷。

My family are all looking forward for your coming. 我的家人都在期待着你的到来

三>整体原则

1. 从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词一律视作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。

例句:When to leave has not been decided.什么时候离开还没有定下来。

Go shopping on Sunday is one of his habits.周日购物是他的一个习惯。

Note:如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句,谓语动词常用复数。

例句:What he said and what he did were always different.他所说的和他所做的总是不一样。

2. 如果两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时,谓语动词须用单数。

例句: The novelist and poet is going to Europe next year.这位小说家兼诗人打算明年去欧洲。

The novelist and the poet are going to Europe next year.小说家和诗人都打算明年去欧洲。

分析:a)句中小说家和诗人the novelist and poet为同一个人,故谓语动词用单数;而b)句中有两个人,一个是小说家the novelist,另一个是诗人the poet。

3. 专用名词,如:书名、剧名、报刊名、国家(组织)名等,通常作单数用。

例句:The United States was found it 1776.美国成立于1776年。

4. 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,通常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数。

例句:10 minutes is enough.十分钟足够了。

5.加减乘除等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。

例句:2 times 3 makes 6. 二乘三等于六。

<四>个体原则

1. and连结的两个或多个主语前如果有each, every, no等修饰语时(后面的一个有时也可省略),后面的谓语动词用单数形式。

例句:Every man and every woman is busy at working.每个人都在忙着工作。

2. 英语句中的each, either, neither等词,既可作代词充当主语,又可作形容词修饰主语,这时的谓语动词一律用单数。

例句:Neither of us has been abroad. 我们谁都没出过国。

3. 由some, any every, no构成的复合词(somebody,nobody,everything,anything等)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

例句:Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.有人在学校门口等你。

4. many a / more than one + 单数名词,一般接单数谓语动词。

例句:Many a man does not understand Einstein’s relativity.许多人不明白爱因斯坦的相对论。

5. “one and a half + 复数名词”作主语,谓语动词一般用单数。

例句:One and a half hours has passed. 一个半小时过去了。

6. 成双成对出现的复数名词(glasses, scissors, shoes, trousers,pants,gloves,stockings等)作主语时,通常谓语动词用复数,但如果前面有a /the pair of;a /the suit of等词语时,则谓语动词要用单数。

例句:A pair of scissors is useful tool for a dressmaker.剪刀是裁缝的重要工具。

7. 以“-s”结尾的“复数”名词(例如;一些学科名词mathematics, physics, politics等),或以“-s”结尾的地点名词、人名等词后面的谓语动词通常用单数。

例句:Mathematics is my favorite subject.数学是我最喜欢的科目。

篇5:英语中主谓一致的差别有哪些

例如:

一般现在时:

I am a college teacher. 我是一个大学老师。

We are college teachers. 我们是大学老师。

You are a boss. 你是一个老板。

You are bosses. 你们是老板。(上一句的you是指你,这一句的you指的是你们)

He is a worker. 他是一个工人。

She is a beautiful girl. 她是一个漂亮的妹子。

They are football players. 他们是足球运动员。

Can you see mydog? It is a big dog. 你有没有看见我的狗啊?它是一只大狗。

一般过去时:

I was a college teacher two years ago. 两年前我是一个大学老师。(现在不是大学老师了。)

She was my wife. 她曾经是我的妻子。(可能她已经去世了;也可能是他的前妻,现在活着或不知道情况。这个要根据上下文推断。)

其他,以此类推。

作者|丹丹英语

公众号:英语语法学习

篇6:高考英语主谓一致知识点

(三) 就近原则

1. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:

Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了.

Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。

Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away? 你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢?

2. 用连词or, either.... or, neither….nor, not only….but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 如:

Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事.

He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。

注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数。如:

Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。

The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中,定语从句的动词应为单数。

Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是一个饲养宠物的人。

篇7:主谓一致英语基础语法

1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数

Reading and writing are very important.

注意: 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。

The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.

典型例题

The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

A. is B. was C. are D. were

答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C.。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别, monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。

2 主谓一致中的靠近原则

1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..

There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.

2)当either… or… 与neither… nor, 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。

Either you or she is to go.

Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.

3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致

当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。

The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.

He as well as I wants to go boating.

4 谓语需用单数

1) 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。

Each of us has a tape-recorder.

There is something wrong with my watch.

2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。

The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.

<<天方夜谭>>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。

3) 表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语 时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可,意思不变。)

Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.

Ten yuan is enough.

5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数

1) 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。

All is right. (一切顺利。)

All are present. (所有人都到齐了。)

2) 集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体。

His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭。

His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。

但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。

Are there any police around?

3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。

A number of +名词复数+复数动词。

The number of +名词复数+单数动词。

A number of books have lent out.

6 与后接名词或代词保持一致

1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致。

Most of his money is spent on books.

Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.

2) 在一些短语,如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。

Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。

More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。

篇8:中考英语主谓一致课件

中考英语主谓一致课件

在英语中,句子中的谓语动词在人称和单、复数形式上必须和主语保持一致,这就是我们通常说的“主谓一致”。这一点看似简单,但在实际运用中却常常遇到麻烦。一般情况下,主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配: 语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。

一、语法一致

主谓一致的原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致:主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语亦采取复数形式.例如:

He often helps me learn English. (主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式) .

My friends often help me learn English. (主语是复数形式,谓语也采取复数形式)

但主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致的问题远不只上述的那么简单,有许多方面的情况需要去具体地对待:

1、不定式,动名词,以及从句作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.

例如: Reading aloud is helpful to learn English.大声朗读对学习英语是有帮助的。

What he said has been recorded .他说的话已被录音了.

2、不定代词one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many a 等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.但none 作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数,这要取决于说话人的看法。

例如:Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动.

Every boy and girl shows great interest in this book .每个男孩和女孩对这本书都表现出很大的兴趣.

3、表示国家,机构,事件,作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.

例如: One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of interesting stories . 《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多有趣的故事。

4、a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.

例如: The number of workers in the factory is 400. 这个工厂里工人的数量是400.

A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人.

5、由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等词修饰主语,或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数.另外,由and连接两个主语时,谓语一般用复数.

例如: On the seashore, some people are playing volleyball 海边,有些人在打排球。

Both of us are fond of watching football games .我们俩都喜欢看足球赛.

A number of will-be graduates are voluntarily going to work in the West of China. 许多即将毕业的学生打算自愿去中国西部工作.

6、有些表示数量的百分数,分数等后面加名词或代词作主语时,要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式.如:a lot of, most of, any of, half of , three fifths of, eighty percent of, some of, none of, the rest of , all of等后接不可数名词,或是单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数.

例如: A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday. 昨天那家商店丢失了许多钱.

A lot of students are from England in the school.那个学校里很多学生来自英国。

二、意义一致

这一原则是指,从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题.有时主语形式上为单数,但意义上却是复数,那么谓语依意义也用复数形式;而有时主语形式上为复数,但意义上却是单数,那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式.

1) 当主语后面接由but, except, besides ,as well as, as much as, including,more than,no less than, rather than, together with等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的.单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定。在这样的句子里,这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单,复数形式,它们在句子里其实是状语.

例如: The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.老师打算这个周末与学生们一起去野炊.

The students, together with their teacher , are going to have a picnic this weekend.学生们打算这个周末与他们的老师一起去野炊.

我们完全可以将上面句子中的那些词组都分别搬到句首或是放到句末去,因为它们在句子里是状语: The students are going to have a picnic this weekend together with their teacher.

2) 表示时间,金钱,距离,体积,重量,面积,数字等词语作主语时,,谓语动词常用单数形式。如:

Eight hours of sleep is enough. 八小时的睡眠足够了。

Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life. 二十年在人的一生里意味着一个很长的时期.

3) 形容词前加定冠词即“the + 形容词”作主语时,其意义若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;指一类人则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数.

例如: The sick here are very well cared for. 这里的病人都被照顾得很好。

The true is to be distinguished from the false. 真实与虚假应加以区别。

4)由and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数。

但如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式。

如:The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)

The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)

5)集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义:主语表示整体时视为单数,谓语动词用单数;主语表示集体中的个体成员时视为复数,谓语动词用复数.这类集体名词常见的有:army, class, club, crowd, family, government, group, people, police, public, team等.

例如: The family are all fond of football. 那一家人都喜欢足球.

The family is the tiniest cell of the society. 家庭是社会的最小的细胞.

6)一些形式为复数,意思为单数的名词,如:trousers, pants, shorts,glasses, 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数.

如:Her glasses are new. 她的眼镜是新的.

但当这类名词前有a pair of 修饰时,谓语动词应用单数.

如: This pair of trousers is made in Hangzhou.

三、就近原则

这一原则是指,谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致.常出现在这类句子中的连词有:or, either… or …, neither… nor … ,not only… but also …等.

例如: Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter. 不是我,就是他们要对那件事的结局负责任.

Neither his family nor he knows anything about it. 他全家人和他都不知道那件事.

常见考法

对于主谓一致的考查,通常会以单选的形式出现,多是让我们选择合适的谓语动词。

典型例题:The factory, including its machines and buildings, __________ burnt last night.

A. is B. are C. were D. was

解析:but, except, besides, with, together with, along with, including, as well as, rather than, like等词连接主语时,谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致,本题中就是和The factory保持一致。而这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单,复数形式,它们在句子里其实是状语.

答案:D

误区提醒

主谓一致这一知识点比较琐碎,在运用中常会因为考虑不全面而出错,所以我们必须把每一种用法记住,灵活运用。尤其要注意就近原则、集体名词和百分数,分数短语作主语的情况。

典型例题:Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now.

A. were B. is C. was D. are

解析:本题考查的是就近原则。either… or …, neither… nor … ,not only… but also …连接两个主语时,谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。本题中就是和Steven保持一致。有now.可知是现在进行时,排除A和C.

答案:B

篇9:主谓一致中的靠近原则

主谓一致中的靠近原则

1)当there be 句型的'主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..

There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.

2)当either… or… 与neither… nor, 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。

Either you or she is to go.

Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.

篇10:英语学习中主谓一致的搭配表

英语谓语的第一个动词(包括助动词、情态动词、系动词、实义动词)以词形变化的方式体现与其主语在人称、数两个方面的搭配关系,这些搭配关系就叫主谓一致关系。

主谓一致的搭配表(必须牢记)。

I am a pilot.我是一个飞行员。 这些搭配是固定的,不能弄混或者弄错。你可以死记这些搭配,但是作用远远不够,还必须通过大量造句来形成一种应用习惯,在口语和写作部分才能自觉地避免许多错误。

We are secretaries.我们是秘书。

You are a driver.你是一个司机。

You are salesgirls.你们是女售货号。

He is very tall.他是一个高个子。

The tree is very tall, too.那查树也很高。

They are friendly people.他们是很友好的人。

The boys are very nice.那些男孩子很讨人喜欢。

模仿造句:

我是一名学生。/我们是工程师。/你是一个出租车司机。/你们是男销售员。/他很矮,但他讨人喜欢。/那座房屋很高。/他们是很善良的人。/那些女孩很讨人喜欢。

I was at school then.那时我正在上学。

We were on duty that morning.那天上午我们值班。

The teachers were in uniform.老师们都穿着校服。

模仿造句:

我当时在家里。/我们那天下午值班班。/珍妮当时很激动(excited)。/所有的学生都穿着蓝色衣服。

I / We / You /They have many chances.

我/我们/你(你们)/他们有很多机会。

She / He / Tom /Jane has a lot of toys.

她/他/汤姆/珍妮有很多的玩具。

模仿造句:

我有两只风筝。/你有5个苹果。/他有两部笔记本电脑(laptop computer)。/小明有10本英语杂志。

Do I look like a farmer? 我看上去像农民吗?

Do you get up at 6 o’clock? 你6点起床吗?

Does Jack know how to type? 杰克知道怎么打字吗?

Jane does her job very well. 杰克的工作干得很好。

模仿造句:

我看上去像教授吗? /你11点上床睡觉吗?/享利知道如何发电子邮件吗?/我母亲的工作做得很好。

Shall I hold the umbrella for you? 要我给你拿着伞吗?

Shall we go to meet them? 要我们去接他们吗?

Will you join our team? 你会加入我们队吗?

He will not let you down. 他不会让你丢脸。

模仿造句:

要我给你拿书包吗?/我们坐地铁好吗?/他会夺第二名吗?/她不会放弃努力。

初中英语主谓一致的知识点

主谓一致高中英语语法与短语

高中语法复习二、主谓一致

主谓一致中的“表里不一”现象(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

英语主谓宾课件

英语主谓宾是什么意思

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