以下是小编为大家整理的考研英语阅读理解练习题及答案解析，本文共9篇，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
篇1：考研英语阅读理解练习题及答案解析
Forthousands of Canadians, bad service is neither make-believe nor amusing. It isan aggravating and worsening real-life phenomenon that encompasses behaviorranging from indifference and rudeness to naked hostility and even physicalviolence. Across the country, better business bureaus report a lengtheninglitany of complaints about contractors, car dealers, and repair shops, movingcompanies, airlines and department stores. There is almost an adversarialfeeling between businesses and consumers.
Expertssay there are several explanations for ill feeling in the marketplace. One isthat customer service was an early and inevitable casualty when retailersresponded to brutal competition by replacing employees with technology such as1～800 numbersand voice mail. Another factor is that business generally has begun placingmore emphasis on getting customers than on keeping them. Still another is thatstrident, frustrated and impatient shoppers vex shop owners and make them evenless hospitable―especially at busier times of the year like Christmas. On both sides,simple courtesy has gone by the board. And for a multitude of consumers,service went with it.
TheBetter Business Bureau at Vancouver gets 250 complaints a week, twice as manyas five years ago. The bureau then had one complaints counselor and now hasfour. People complain about being insulted, having their intelligence andintegrity questioned, and being threatened. One will hear about people beinghauled almost bodily out the door by somebody saying things like “I don't have to serve you!”or “This is private property, get outand don't come back! ” What can customers do? If the bureau's arbitration process fails tosettle a dispute, a customer's only recourse is to sue in claims court. Butbecause of the costs and time it takes, relatively few ever do.
There isa lot of support for the notion that service has, in part, fallen victim togenerational change. Many young people regard retailing as just a bead-endjob that you're just going to do temporarily on your way to a real job. Youngclerks often lack both knowledge and civility. Employers have to train youngpeople in simple manners because that is not being done at home. Salespeopletoday, especially the younger ones, have grown up in a television-computersociety where they've interacted largely with machines. One of the biggestcomplaints from businesses about graduates is the lack of inter-personalskills.
Whatcustomers really want is access. They want to get through when they call, theydon't want busy signals, they don't want interactive systems telling them topush one for this and two for that―they don't want voice mail. And ifcustomers do not get what they want, they defect. Some people go back to localsmall businesses: the Asian greengrocer, a Greek baker and a Greek fishmonger.They don't wear name tags, but one gets to know them, all by name.[490 words]
1?At a business place of badservice, the worst one can get is._________
[A] indifference and rudeness
[B] naked hostility and physicalviolence
[C] having intelligence and integrityquestioned
[D] being insulted and threatened
2?One of the reasons for such illfeeling in the marketplace is that.________
[A] shoppers are usually strident,frustrated and impatient
[B] shoppers often take businesses tocourt
[C] businesses use new technologyinstead of employees
[D] businesses try every means to getcustomers
3 Whatchanges have taken place at Vancouver Better Service Bureau in the past fiveyears?
[A] More effective.
[B] Less bureaucracy.
[C] More business.
[D] Better staff.
4?Young clerks often lackinterpersonal skills chiefly because they____________
[A]are skilled in dealing withmachines, not people
[B]are not trained in simple mannersat home
[C]fall victims to generationalchange
[D]take retailing to be a temporaryjob
5?The author's attitude towardsbusinesses and bad service is_________.
[A]attacking
[B]understanding
[C]regretting
[D]warning
核心词汇
defect n.[C]缺陷，瑕疵;不足之处例：All the cars are tested fordefects before they leave the factory.所有汽车在出厂之前都要检查有无缺陷。
vi. * to leave your own country or a group in order to go to or join anopposing one逃离;背叛，变节(后跟介词from)例：She defected from the Liberals andjoined the Socialists. 她脱离自由党，加入了社会党。
encompassvt. ① to completely cover or surround sth. 覆盖;包围，环绕例：a reservoir encompassed bymountains群山环绕的水库 *②包含，包括例：The course will encompass physics,chemistry and biology.课程将包括物理、化学和生物学。
indifference n.*① lack ofinterest or concern不关心，不在乎例：show indifference to personal affairs不计较个人的事②不重要，无关紧要例：a matter of indifference无关紧要的事;in?否定前缀，用于构成形容词和名词，表示“不，非，无”例：insensitive a.不敏感，inability n.没办法，没能力
make?believe n. [U]由动词短语make believe变过来的复合名词，意为“假装，假扮，虚构”例：She told me that her parents aremillionaires, but it?s all just make?believe.她告诉我她父母是百万富翁，但这一切都属子虚乌有。
超级词汇
fishmonger n. 鱼贩，鱼商;monger n. 商人，贩子，如warmonger战争贩子
litany n.(对一系列事件、原因等)枯燥冗长的陈述例：a litany of complaints喋喋不休的抱怨
recourse n. *①求助，求援(的对象);(得救的)办法、手段例：get over difficulties withoutrecourse to outside help不求外援克服困难②(法律上的)追索权
strident a.(说话声音)刺耳的，尖锐的，不和谐的
长难句分析
One is thatcustomer service was an early and inevitable casualty when retailers respondedto brutal competition by replacing employees with technology such as 1～800 numbers and voice mail.
该句主干是One isthat…。that 引导的是表语从句，其中又嵌套了一个复合句：主句是customer service was an casualty, 从句是when引导的时间状语从句。
语篇分析
本文题材涉及商业服务，作者对加拿大存在的劣质服务现象予以剖析，并呼吁商家改善对顾客的服务。它是一篇现象解释型文章，按照“指出现象―解释现象―提出解决方案”的脉络展开论述，可以分成三大部分。
第一段为第一部分，指出现象：劣质服务成为加拿大日益严重的社会问题(aggravating and worsening real?life phenomenon)。
首句给出了文章要论述的话题(badservice)以及作者对它的严肃态度(neither make?believe nor amusing)。该段使用列举法，说明：①劣质服务的类型多样：从漠不关心(indifference)、粗俗无礼(rudeness)到不加掩饰的恶意(naked hostility)甚至身体暴力(physical violence)。②劣质服务涉及的行业众多(report a lengthening litany ofcomplaints)。末句指出劣质服务造成的后果：商家和消费者之间几乎产生了一种敌对的情绪(adversarial feeling)。
第二、三和四段为第二部分，解释现象。
第二段：引用专家的观点从商家和顾客两方面分析产生敌对情绪的原因：①商家提供的客户服务中技术取代了员工(replacing employees withtechnology);②商家重点放在赢得顾客而不是保持顾客上(more on getting customers than on keepingcustomers);③顾客经常惹恼店主并使其变得更加不友好(shoppers vex shop owners and make them evenless hospitable)。
第三段：首先进一步指出劣质服务现象越来越严重，其表现在于：①渥太华优化商务局受理的投诉案件和聘用的投诉顾问数量增多(complaints twice as many as fiveyears ago; now has four counselors);②顾客抱怨受到侮辱和威胁(being insulted and threatened)。该部分举例说明商家的恶劣态度(One will hear about people beinghauled almost bodily out the door)。
接着该段以设问的形式说明遭到恶劣对待的顾客能够采取的对策：①依靠优化商务局的仲裁;②如果仲裁失败(fails to settle a dispute)，顾客只能向法庭提出诉讼(sue in claims court)，但是因为诉诸法庭费用高、时间长(the costs and time it takes)，所以很少有人这么做。该部分从消费者不能有效地维护自己的权益的角度，间接地解释了劣质服务现象日益严重的原因。
第四段：从年轻人的角度分析造成劣质服务现象的原因：①只将销售看作是临时的工作(do temporarily);②缺少知识和礼貌(lack both knowledge and civility);③缺少人际交往技能(lack of inter?personal skills)。
第五段为第三部分，提出解决方案：商家应与顾客直接接触(access)。
句子“If customersdo not get what they want, they defect”表明了作者的态度，即，作者警告商家如果不与顾客接触，可能会导致顾客的流失。文章最后提供了地方小商贩的成功经验，建议商家予以借鉴。
试题命制分析
通过对文章的整体分析，我们可以从以下几个方面命题，考查考生的阅读理解能力。
1. 事实细节题
(1)针对文章第一段列出的劣质服务的类型，可以就其程度进行考查，参见试题1。还可以问哪个是程度最轻的劣质服务?[A]身体暴力;[B]粗俗无礼;[C]漠不关心;[D]不加掩饰的恶意。(答案：[C])
(2)可以综合考查劣质服务现象的特点，包括：日益严重、类型多样、涉及行业众多等。
(3)针对商家和消费者之间存在的敌对情绪，可以考查其原因，参见试题2。
(4)针对优化商务局，可以考查其发生了什么变化，参见试题3。
(5)可以考查顾客对劣质服务采取的应对措施，如：遭到恶劣对待的顾客往往会做什么?[A]使用身体暴力;[B]向新闻媒介投诉;[C]期待优化商务局的仲裁;[D]提出诉讼。(答案：[C])
(6)从年轻人的角度，可以考查劣质服务现象的原因，也可以考查年轻人身上存在的问题，参见试题4。
2. 作者观点、态度题
(1) 可以考查作者认为改善劣质服务的方法是什么。
(2) 末段作者呼吁商家改善对顾客的服务，由此可以考查作者对商家及劣质服务现象的态度，参见试题5。
3. 推理引申题
(1) 第一段提到优化商务局报道全国各类投诉事件，第三段提到优化商务局受理投诉案件、聘用投诉顾问、解决争端。因此可以考查推理优化商务局是什么类型的组织?
(2) 第三段从多个层次分析顾客对劣质服务采取的对策，可以考查由此能推出的结论，如：[A]消费者更喜欢仲裁而不是上诉;[B]劣质服务现象严重的原因之一是消费者不能有效地维护权益;[C]法庭往往偏袒商家而不是顾客;[D]优化商务局处理投诉案件的效率很低。(答案：[B])
4. 词义句意题
考查第四段第一句Servicehas, in part, fallen victim to generational change的含义。
5. 写作目的题
考查文章最后作者提到地方小商贩的目的是什么。
试题精解
1.在一个有着劣质服务的商业场所人们所受到的最恶劣的待遇是――。
[A]漠不关心和粗鲁[B]不加掩饰的恶意和身体暴力
[C]智力和正直遭到质疑[D]受到侮辱和威胁
[精解]答案B本题考查事实细节。第一段第二句提到，劣质服务是真实的生活现象，包括从漠不关心、粗俗无礼到不加掩饰的恶意甚至身体暴力等一系列行为。以上三种行为按照严重程度递增排列。第三段提到，人们在投诉信中抱怨受到侮辱、自己的智力和正直遭到质疑、受到威胁。接着文中举了一个例子形象地说明了顾客受到的最糟糕的待遇。句子结构one will hear... 表示作者强调的口吻，“连……的事情也有所耳闻”。而这个例子正好是“不加掩饰的恶意甚至身体暴力”。因此[B]项是最恶劣的待遇。
2.市场上出现这种不良情绪的原因之一是――。
[A]购物者经常是吵闹的、失望的和没有耐心的
[B]购物者经常把商家告上法庭
[C]商家使用技术替代员工
[D]商家利用各种手段来赢得顾客
[精解]答案C本题考查事实细节。第二段分析了三个原因。第一个原因是：零售商应对残酷的竞争采用技术取代员工。第二个原因是：商家一般都开始把重点更多放在赢得顾客而不是保持顾客上。第三个原因是：一些吵闹的、失望的没有耐心的购买者经常惹恼店主。由此可判定[C]项是原因，[A]项将原文中的个别现象变成了经常出现的普遍现象，与事实不符。[B]项文中未提。文中强调的原因是商家没有重视保持顾客，[D]与文意不符。
3.在过去五年里渥太华的优化商务局有什么改变?
[A]效率更高。[B]官僚作风减少。
[C]更多的务业。[D]更好的职员。
[精解]答案C 本题考查事实细节。第三段首句提到，渥太华的优化商务局在一周之内收到的投诉数量是五年前的两倍。该局的投诉顾问也由那时的一个变成了四个。投诉多了，业务自然更繁忙了，因此[C]项正确。其他项文中未提到。
4.年轻的职员缺乏人际间交往技巧主要是因为他们――。
[A]擅长与机器而非人打交道[B]在家没有接受简单的礼仪训练
[C]成为代与代之间变化的受害者[D]将零售视为临时的工作
[精解]答案A 本题考查事实细节。第四段首句提到一种普遍存在的观念，即服务成了代与代之间变化的受害者。接下来的内容对该句进行了阐述：年轻人将零售视为跳板性质的工作;缺少知识和礼貌;年轻人成长过程中大多和机器交流。该段最后一句作者借用商家的抱怨，指出他们缺少人际间的交际技能。可见，只有[A]项与年轻职员人际交流能力差相关，且是直接原因。其他项是年轻人其他方面的表现。
5.作者看待商业和劣质服务的态度是――。
[A]攻击的[B]理解的[C]懊悔的[D]警告的
[精解]答案D本题考查作者态度。文中作者主要描述了劣质服务的存在及分析其原因。在最后一段里，作者用与商业部门和服务行业对话的口吻说到，顾客真正想要的是一个接近的机会。如果顾客得不到他们想要的服务，他们就会跑掉。可见，作者是在警告并呼吁服务行业找出其问题根源所在以便改善服务。[D]项是其正确的态度。其他项都不恰当。
全文翻译
对于数以千计的加拿大人来说，劣质服务既不是虚假的也不是好笑的，它是一个正在不断恶化的现实生活中的现象，包括从漠不关心、粗俗无礼到不加掩饰的恶意甚至身体暴力等一系列行为。优化商务局在全国范围内长篇累牍地报道各类投诉事件，这些投诉的对象包括承包商、汽车商、修理店、搬家公司、航空公司以及百货商店。在商家和消费者之间几乎产生了一种敌对的情绪。
专家们说，关于市场上产生这种不良情绪有如下几种解释。一方面当零售商应对残酷的竞争用1到800的数目和语音邮件等技术取代员工后，客户服务就成了早期的也是不可避免的受害者。另一个原因是，商业一般都已经开始把重点更多放在赢得顾客而不是保持顾客上。此外，一些吵闹的、失望的、没有耐心的购买者经常惹恼店主并使其变得更加不友好，尤其是在像圣诞节这样一年之中比较繁忙的时节。双方都将简单的礼貌置之脑后，因此对于大量的消费者来说，服务随之而去。
渥太华的优化商务局在一周之内收到了250份投诉，这个数字是五年前的两倍。该局的投诉顾问也由那时的一个变成了四个。人们抱怨受到侮辱，自己的智力和正直也遭到质疑，还会受到威胁。有人一边喊着“我没有必要为你服务”或者“这是私人领地，请你出去，不要再来了”这样的话一边将顾客推出门外，连这样的事情也有所耳闻。顾客能做些什么呢?如果优化商务局的仲裁程序未能成功地解决争端的话，顾客惟一能做的就是向赔偿法庭提出诉讼，但是那样要花费很多的金钱和时间，因此很少有人去做。
人们普遍支持这一观念，即服务已经部分地成了代与代之间变化的受害者。许多年轻人将零售视为跳板性质的工作，是找到真正的工作前暂时做的事情。年轻的服务员缺少知识和礼貌。雇主必须给年轻人进行简单的礼仪培训，因为在家里无法进行。今天的销售员，尤其是较为年轻的人，是在电视和计算机的社会中成长起来的，在这样的社会中，他们大多和机器互相交流。商家对毕业生最常有的抱怨之一就是：他们缺少人与人之间的交际技能。
顾客真正想要的是一个接近的机会。他们希望打电话时有人接而不是听到忙音信号。他们不想要交互系统告诉他们“如果……请按1，如果……请按2”，他们不想要语音邮件。如果顾客得不到他们想要的服务，他们就会跑掉。一些人愿意与当地的小商贩打交道，比如：亚洲菜贩，希腊面包师和希腊鱼贩。他们不佩戴胸牌，但是顾客却通过名字认识他们。
篇2：考研英语阅读理解练习题及答案
Scientists have known for more than two decades that cancer is a disease of the genes. Something scrambles the Dna inside a nucleus， and suddenly， instead of dividing in a measured fashion， a cell begins to copy itself furiously. Unlike an ordinary cell， it never stops. But describing the process isn't the same as figuring it out. Cancer cells are so radically different from normal ones that it's almost impossible to untangle the sequence of events that made them that way. So for years researchers have been attacking the problem by taking normal cells and trying to determine what changes will turn them cancerous――always without success.
Until now. According to a report in the current issue of Nature， a team of scientists based at M.I.T.'s Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research has finally managed to make human cells malignant――a feat they accomplished with two different cell types by ing just three altered genes into their DNA. While these manipulations were done only in lab dishes and won't lead to any immediate treatment， they appear to be a crucial step in understanding the disease. This is a “landmark paper，” wrote Jonathan Weitzman and Moshe Yaniv of the Pasteur Institute in Paris， in an accompanying commentary.
The dramatic new result traces back to a breakthrough in 1983， when the Whitehead's Robert Weinberg and colleagues showed that mouse cells would become cancerous when spiked with two altered genes. But when they tried such alterations on human cells， they didn't work. Since then， scientists have learned that mouse cells differ from human cells in an important respect： they have higher levels of an enzyme called telomerase. That enzyme keeps caplike structures called telomeres on the ends of chromosomes from getting shorter with each round of cell division. Such shortening is part of a cell's aging process， and since cancer cells keep dividing forever， the Whitehead group reasoned that making human cells more mouselike might also make them cancerous.
The strategy worked. The scientists took connective-tissue and kidney cells and introduced three mutated genes――one that makes cells divide rapidly; another that disables two substances meant to rein in excessive division; and a third that promotes the production of telomerase， which made the cells essentially immortal. They'd created a tumor in a test tube. “Some people believed that telomerase wasn't that important，” says the Whitehead's William Hahn， the study's lead author. “This allows us to say with some certainty that it is.”
Understanding cancer cells in the lab isn't the same as understanding how it behaves in a living body， of course. But by teasing out the key differences between normal and malignant cells， doctors may someday be able to design tests to pick up cancer in its earliest stages. The finding could also lead to drugs tailored to attack specific types of cancer， thereby lessening our dependence on tissue-destroying chemotherapy and radiation. Beyond that， the Whitehead research suggests that this stubbornly complex disease may have a simple origin， and the identification of that origin may turn out to be the most important step of all.
1. From the first paragraph， we learn that ________________.
[A] scientists had understood what happened to normal cells that made them behave strangely
[B] when a cell begins to copy itself without stopping， it becomes cancerous
[C] normal cells do no copy themselves
[D] the DNA inside a nucleus divides regularly
2. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
[A] The scientists traced the source of cancers by figuring out their DNA order.
[B] A treatment to cancers will be available within a year or two.
[C] The finding paves way for tackling cancer.
[D] The scientists successfully turned cancerous cells into healthy cells.
3. According to the author， one of the problems in previous cancer research is ________.
[A] enzyme kept telomeres from getting shorter
[B] scientists didn‘t know there existed different levels of telomerase between mouse cells and human cells
[C] scientists failed to understand the connection between a cell‘s aging process and cell division.
[D] human cells are mouselike
4. Which of the following best defines the word “tailored” (Line 4， Paragraph 5)?
[A] made specifically
[B] used mainly
[C] targeted
[D] aimed
5. The Whitehead research will probably result in ___________.
[A] a thorough understanding of the disease
[B] beating out cancers
[C] solving the cancer mystery
[D] drugs that leave patients less painful
答案：B C B A D
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5.考研英语教育类阅读理解及答案
6.考研英语阅读理解真题及答案
7.考研英语阅读理解练习题及答案解析
8.考研英语阅读理解考前冲刺练习题及答案
9.考研英语阅读理解备考练习题
10.考研英语阅读理解精读练习题
篇3：考研英语阅读理解练习题
Being a man hasalways been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females,but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal ofmale mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girlsdo. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys inthose crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, anotherchance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of ababy(particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram toolight or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost nodifference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent ofevolution has gone。
There is another way to commit evolutionary : stay alive,but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except insome religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays thenumber of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us haveroughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and theopportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the greatcities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity oftodayDeveryone being the same in survival and number of offspring meansthat natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class Indiacompared to the tribes。
For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopiahas arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No otherspecies fills so many places in nature. But in the past 100,000 years―even thepast 100 years―our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did notevolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase todescribe those ignorant of evolution: “they look at anorganic being as average looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond hiscomprehension。” No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyondcomprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be athow far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us。
1. What used to be the danger in being a man according to thefirst paragraph?
[A]A lack of mates。
[B]A fierce competition。
[C]A lower survival rate。
[D]A defective gene。
2. What does the example of India illustrate?
[A]Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people。
[B]Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor。
[C]The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of thetribes。
[D]India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate。
3. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because____。
[A]life has been improved by technological advance
[B]the number of female babies has been declining
[C]our species has reached the highest stage of evolution
[D]the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing
4 Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
[A]Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution
[B]Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution
[C]The Evolutionary Future of Nature
名师解析
1. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the firstparagraph?
根据第一段，做男人以前有什么危险?
[A]A lack of mates. 缺少配偶。
[B]A fierce competition. 激烈竞争。
[C]A lower survival rate. 低存活率。
[D]A defective gene. 有缺陷的基因。
【答案】 C
【考点】 事实细节题。
【分析】 文中第一段提到“做男人从来都充满危险，新生儿男女比例大约是105:100，但到了成年，这一比例基本持平，而在70岁的老人中女性是男性的两倍，但是男性死亡率高这种普遍情况正在改变，现在男婴存活率同女婴的基本一样高”这说明男人的存活率相对是比较低的。
2. What does the example of India illustrate?
印度的例子证明了什么?
[A] Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people。
富人往往孩子比穷人少。
[B] Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor。
自然选择在穷人和富人之间几乎不起作用。
[C] The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of thetribes。
中产阶级的人口比部落人口少80%。
[D] India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate。
印度是出生率很高的国家之一。
【答案】 B
【考点】 推断题。
【分析】 使用事例来证明是常见的逻辑思维模式。既然有事例，我们就需要看到它的论点是什么。本文中提到，“进化意义上的自杀还有一种方法：存活，但少生孩子”。首先“现在几乎没有人像过去那样多育。除了在一些宗教社区，几乎没有几名妇女会生15个孩子”表明了“当今出生的数量同死亡年龄一样变得平均化，我们大多数人的子女数量大致相当”，再一次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会降低了。其次，“印度证明了这种情况。这个国家给大城市里的少数人提供财富，而给其余的各部落居民造成了贫困。今天这种每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同的极其显著的平均化意味着与部落相比，自然选择在印度社会中、上层人群中，已经失去了80%的效力”是为了证明“人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会降低了”，换言之，“自然选择在穷人和富人之间几乎不起作用”。答案应该是[B]选项。
3. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolvingbecause____。
作者认为我们的身体已经停止进化，因为____。
[A] life has been improved by technological advance
技术进步改善了人的生活
[B] the number of female babies has been declining
女婴的数量一直在减少
[C] our species has reached the highest stage of evolution
我们人种已经到达进化最高阶段
[D] the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing
贫富差距间的区别正在消失
【答案】 A
【考点】 逻辑关系题。
【分析】 文中提到停止进化是在第三段第一句“对我们来说，这意味着进化已经结束”。第三段中指出，“在过去的10万年――甚至过去的1中，我们的生活发生了变化，但我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化。因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”，“机器”代表的就是“技术”，因此我们可以判定[A]是正确答案。
4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
以下哪一个最合适做本文标题?
[A]Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution 人类进化中的性别比例变化
[B]Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution 继续人类进化的方式
[C]The Evolutionary Future of Nature 自然进化的未来
[D]Human Evolution Going Nowhere 人类进化无路可走
【答案】 D
【考点】 文章主旨题。
【分析】 文章中在第一段结尾提到“由于大部分差异是由基因引起的，又一个进化的因素消失了。”第二段中说“再一次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会降低了。”第三段提到“但我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化，因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切。”这些都表明作者认为进化机制已不再起作用，认为自然进化机制已不能再左右人口的出生率。在总结全文的第三段时，作者直截了当地指出，进化已经结束。因此可以认为人类的进化是无路可走的。另外三个选项都不全面或者不对题。
[D]Human Evolution Going Nowhere
1.20考研英语阅读理解精读练习题
2.考研英语练习题
3.20考研英语阅读理解练习题及答案解析
4.考研英语阅读理解如何快速找答案
5.考研英语阅读理解技巧
6.2017考研英语阅读理解练习试题
7.2017考研英语阅读理解真题及答案
8.考研英语阅读理解技巧全解
9.2017考研英语阅读理解技巧讲解
10.考研英语阅读理解测试题
篇4：考研英语阅读理解练习题
Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in theirnewspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer thispainful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known asthe journalism credibility project.
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-levelfindings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined withlots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers reallywant.
But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learnto see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which theyplug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line inthe newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrativestructure for otherwise confusing news.
There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalistsand their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaireswere sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus onelarge metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned atrandom and asked the same questions.
Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists aremore likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, andtrade stocks, and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, orput down roots in a community.
Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and culturalelite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite.The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poorreportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters andtheir readers.
This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly adeclining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whoseattitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and acredibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed andfleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing thecultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. Ifit did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on raceand gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values,education, and class.
篇5：考研英语阅读理解练习题
名师解析
29. What is the passage mainly about? 本文主要讲的是什么?
[A]Needs of the readers all over the world. 全世界读者的需要。
[B]Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers. 造成公众对报纸失望的原因。
[C]Origins of the declining newspaper industry. 新闻业衰败的根源。
[D]Aims of a journalism credibility project. 新闻可信度项目的目标。
【答案】 B
【考点】文章主旨题。
【分析】文章的第一句就提出了本文旨在说明的问题“为什么那么多的美国人不相信自己在报纸上读到的内容呢?”从第二段、第三段的内容来看，作者都在试图寻找造成公众对报纸失望的一个真正的根本性的原因。因此可以判断 [B] 为正确答案。 [A] 不正确，是因为它仅仅是新闻界的调查项目得到的一个结果而已。 [C] 和 [A] 相比较，还是 [A] 来得比较确切。 [C] 已经从文章主旨引申到别的项目上去了。 [D]仅仅是为了查明原因而进行的一个调查项目而已。
30. The results of the journalism credibility project turned outto be .
新闻可信度项目的结果是。
[A]quite trustworthy 相当可信
[B]somewhat contradictory 有点矛盾
[C]very illuminating 非常有启发性
[D]rather superficial 相当肤浅
【答案】 D
【考点】事实细节题。
【分析】根据本题题干可以定位到第二段，文中指出“该项目最终所发现的原因大都是新闻报道中的事实错误，拼写或语法错误，以及许多关于读者到底想读些什么令人挠头的困惑”，在作者看来，这些发现大都是“低级的”(low-level) ，而真正的原因没有这么表面“ go waydeeper ” ( 第三段首句中 ) 。因此可以判定是答案是 [D] 选项。
31. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writerlies in their _____.
作者描述的新闻记者的基本问题存在于他们的 _____ 。
[A]working attitude 工作态度
[B]conventional lifestyle 传统的生活方式
[C]world outlook 世界观
[D]educational background 教育背景
【答案】 C
【考点】事实细节题。
【分析】文章的解题点在文章的倒数第二段中“对新闻媒体的这种令人震惊的不信任的根源不在于报道失实或低下的报道技巧，而在于记者与读者的世界观每天都发生着碰撞”这句话。也就是说，作者的基本问题是“世界观”的问题。另外三个选项都不是最基本的问题。
32. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannotsatisfy the readers owing to its _________.
尽管很努力，新闻行业仍然不能满足读者的需要是因为其 _______ 。
[A]failure to realize its real problem 不能够认识到真正的问题
[B]tendency to hire annoying reporters 倾向于雇佣那些恼人的记者
[C]likeliness to do inaccurate reporting 可能作出不准确的报道
[D]prejudice in matters of race and gender 在种族和性别方面的歧视
【答案】 A
【考点】事实细节题。
【分析】本题的解题点可以确定到最后一段。文中说他们“又举办许多研讨会，搞什么可信度项目，试图了解读者为什么对他们不满意，为什么大量流失。但是，对于那么多原来的顾客所不满的文化和阶级偏见，他们似乎就是没有看见”。由此我们可以看出，真正的原因是他们不能够意识到真正的问题所在，因此正确答案是 [A] 。
难句解析：
1. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-levelfindings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined withlots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers reallywant.
【结构分析】本句主干是“ thisproject has turned out to be…findings ”，“ mostly low-level”是“findings ”的定语。“ aboutfactual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes ”是介宾短语做定语。“combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world thosereaders really want ”是一个过去分词引导的伴随状语，其中“ aboutwhat in the world those readers really want ”是“puzzlement ”的定语。
2. There exists a social and cultural disconnect betweenjournalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “ standard templates ” of the newsroomseem alien to many readers.
【结构分析】主句是“ there+ 系表结构”。“ which ”引导一个非限定性定语从句，该词指代前面一句话。而在这个定语从句“ whichhelps explain why the ‘ standard templates’ of the newsroom seem alien to manyreaders ”中，又出现一个“ why ”引导的宾语从句。
3. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focusednarrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly byoutlook, values, education, and class.
【结构分析】本句的主句中，“ it ”代表上文提到的“ a troubled business ”，即“备受困扰的新闻界”。“ now focused narrowly on race and gender ”是插入语，也是修饰“ program ”的定语。后面有两个并列谓语“ wouldopen up ”和“( would) look for ”。这里需要注意的就是一个意思上的问题，那就是“虽然报业也有多样性项目，招收不同的人当记者，但是这样的多样性仅仅局限于性别和种族，而报业需要多招收那些具有不同的人生观、教育以及来自于不同阶级的人”。
篇6：考研英语阅读理解练习题
29. What is the passage mainly about?
[A]Needs of the readers all over the world
[B]Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers
[C]Origins of the declining newspaper industry
[D]Aims of a journalism credibility project
30. The results of the journalism credibility project turned outto be .
[A]quite trustworthy
[B]somewhat contradictory
[C]very illuminating
[D]rather superficial
31. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writerlies in their _________.
[A]working attitude
[B]conventional lifestyle
[C]world outlook
[D]educational background
32. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannotsatisfy the readers owing to its_________.
[A]failure to realize its real problem
[B]tendency to hire annoying reporters
[C]likeliness to do inaccurate reporting
[D]prejudice in matters of race and gender
篇7：考研英语阅读理解练习题
为什么那么多美国人不相信自己在报纸上所读的东西?美国新闻编辑协会正试图回答这个令人痛苦的问题。该组织正在深入开展一个名为“新闻可信度项目”的长期自我剖析工程。
遗憾的是，这次项目只获得了一些肤浅的发现，诸如新闻报道中的事实错误，拼写或语法错误，以及许多关于读者到底想读些什么这样的令人挠头的困惑。
但这种不信任有更深刻的根源。多数新闻记者都学会用一套标准的模式去看待世界，并把每天发生的事件套入这种模式。换言之，在新闻采编室文化中存在着一套惯常的写作套路，为纷繁复杂的新闻报道提供了一个主干框架和一个现成的故事叙述结构。
新闻记者和读者之间存在着社会和文化方面的脱节，这有助于解释为什么新闻采编室的“标准模式”让众多读者看上去很陌生的原因。在最近一次调查中，问卷被送到了全国五座中等城市及一座大都市的记者手中，然后随机地给这些城市的居民打电话，询问他们同样的问题。
人们的回答表明，与其他美国人相比，新闻记者更有可能居住在高级社区，有女佣，有奔驰车，炒股，而去教堂，参加自愿服务，扎根某个社区的可能性却很小。
记者们往往属于广义的社会文化精英的一个部分，因此他们的工作往往反映了这些精英传统的价值观。对新闻媒体的这种令人震惊的不信任的根源不在于报道失实或低下的报道技巧，而在于记者与读者的世界观每天都发生着碰撞。
这对任何一个工业产业来说都算是爆炸性的形势，对于一个正在衰落的行业来说尤其如此。这是一个备受困扰的行业，偏偏不停雇用那些因为其态度而极大惹恼客户的员工。然后它又出资组织许多研讨会和可信度调查项目，去探究为什么顾客们发火了，为什么会有那么多顾客流失了。但它似乎从来就没有时间去注意那么多老顾客所抱怨的文化和阶级偏见。如果它能注意这个问题的话，就应该进一步开放其多样化项目 ( 这个项目现在还仅仅局限于不同种族和性别 ) ，进一步寻找那些世界观、价值观、教育水平和社会阶层各不相同的各种记者。
1.2018考研英语阅读理解复习技巧
2.2018考研英语阅读理解复习题
3.考研英语阅读理解练习题
4.考研英语阅读理解练习题及答案
5.2018考研英语完型填空模拟练习题
6.考研英语阅读理解模拟练习题
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篇8：考研英语阅读理解试题及答案解析
Between5,000 million and 4,000 million years ago the Earth was formed. By 3,000million years ago life had arisen and we have fossils of microscopic bacteria?like creatures to prove it. (21) ――――. Nobody knows what happened, buttheorists agree that the key was the spontaneous arising of self?replicating entities, i.e.something equivalent to “genes” in the general sense.
Theatmosphere of the early Earth probably contained gases still abundant today onother planets in the solar system. Chemists have experimentally reconstructedthese ancientconditions in the laboratory. If plausible gases are mixed in aflask with water, and energy is added by an electric discharge (simulatedlightning), organic substances are spontaneously synthesized. These include thebuilding blocks of RNA and DNA. It seems probable that something like thishappened on the early Earth. Consequently, the sea would have become a “soup” of prebiological organiccompounds. (22)――――.
Today themost famous self?replicating molecule is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), but it is widelythought that DNA itself could not have been present at the origin of life becauseits replication is too dependent on support from specialized machinery, whichcould not have been available before evolution itself began. DNA has beendescribed as a “high?tech” molecule which probably arose some time after the origin of life itself.Perhaps the related molecule RNA, which still plays various vital roles inliving cells, was the original self?replicating molecule. Or perhapsthe primordial replicator was a different kind of molecule altogether. (23) ――――. Variants that were particularlygood at replication would automatically have come to predominate in theprimeval soup. Varieties that did not replicate, or that did so inaccurately,would have become relatively less numerous. This led to ever?increasing efficiency amongreplicating molecules.
As thecompetition between replicating molecules warmed up, success must have gone tothe ones that happened to hit upon special tricks or devices for their own self?preservation and their own rapidreplication. The rest of evolution may be regarded as a continuation of thenatural selection of replicator molecules, now called genes, by virtue of theircapacity to build for themselves efficient devices (cells and multicellularbodies) for their own preservation and reproduction. (24)――――.
Fossilswere not laid down on more than a small scale until the Cambrian era, nearly600 million years ago. The first vertebrates may date back 530 million years,according to fossil evidence―primitive, jawless fishes with fins, gills, and fish?like muscle patterns―found in China in .Vertebrates appear abundantly in fossil beds between 300 and 400 million yearsago. (25)――――. Mammals and, later, birds, arose from two different branches ofreptiles. The rapid divergence of mammals into the rich variety of types thatwe see today, from opossums to elephants, from anteaters to monkeys, seems tohave been unleashed into the vacuum left by the catastrophic extinction of thedinosaurs, 65 million years ago.
\[A\]Among vertebrates, the land was first colonized by lobe?finned and lung?bearing fish about 250 millionyears ago, then by amphibians and, in more thoroughgoing fashion, by variouskinds of animals that we loosely lump together as “reptiles”.
\[B\] Onceself?replicating molecules had been formed by chance, something like Darwiniannatural selection could have begun: variation would have come into thepopulation because of random errors in copying.
\[C\] Itis not enough, of course, that organic molecules appeared in the primeval soup.The crucial step, as noted above, was the origin of self?replicating molecules, moleculescapable of copying themselves.
\[D\]Although we naturally emphasize the evolution of our own kind―the vertebrates, the mammals, andthe primates―these constitute only a small branch of the great tree of life.
\[E\]Whenthe environment changes, or when organisms move to a different environment,different variations are selected, leading eventually to different species.Harmful mutations usually die out quickly, so they don?t interfere with the process ofbeneficial mutations accumulating.
\[F\]Three thousand million years is a long time, and it seems to have been longenough to have produced such astonishingly complex contrivances as thevertebrate body and the insect body.
\[G\]Sometime between these two dates―independent molecular evidence suggests about 4,000 million years ago―that mysterious event, the originof life, must have occurred.[748 words]
核心词汇
by/in virtue of 凭借(某种手段);由于，因为例：He was exempt from charges by virtue of his youth/of being so young.他因年幼而获得免费. / She became a British citizenby virtue of her marriage.她借助婚姻成了英国公民。
extinction n.[U] *①(物种)灭绝，绝种例：be threatened with extinction濒临灭绝②(信仰、生活方式等)遭毁灭，消失，消亡
hiton/upon ①(经长时间考虑后)突然想出(好主意)例：In this way we hit upon over 20useful methods of work.就这样我们想出了20多种有用的工作方法。 *②偶然发现(某物)例： At last she hit upon a room thatsuited them nicely.最后她找到了一间适合他们使用的房间。
in morethoroughgoing fashion以更彻底的方式;in a... fashion以……方式例：Leave thebuilding in an orderly fashion.要有秩序地走出楼去。
interferewith *①妨碍，打扰例：Don?t allow pleasure to interfere withduty.不要让娱乐妨碍了职责。②干扰(广播或电视播送)
lay down ①放下(武器等)例：The general told the troops to laydown their arms.将军命令部队放下武器。②[常用被动态](正式地或坚决地)阐述，声明，规定例：It is laid down that allapplicants must sit a written exam.根据规定, 申请者一律需经笔试。③开始建造;开始做(奠基性的工作)例：Crick and Watson laid down thefoundations of modern genetic research.克里克和沃森为现代遗传学研究奠定了基础。 *④ (化石、地层等的)沉积形成
超纲词汇
anteater n.食蚁兽, 食蚁动物
contrivance n. *①发明，发明物，发明的才能②计谋，诡计
DNA 脱氧核糖核酸，deoxyribonucleic acid的缩写，指细胞核内携带基因信息的物质，具有双螺旋结构
gill n. *①鱼鳃②(蘑菇或其他菌类的)菌褶
lobe n. *①(生物身体上的)肉垂，圆形的突出物②(=earlobe)耳垂③(尤指脑、肺等的)叶
mutation n.(动物、植物的)突变，变异
opossum n. 尾有卷握力的小有袋动物，负鼠
primeval a. *①太古的，太初的(地球或宇宙存在的最早期)②原始的，远古的例：a primeval forest一片原始森林
primordial a. *①太古的，太初的，自原始时代的例：primordial soup原生浆液(地球上生命开始之前存在的物质、气体等混合物)②形式最简单的，基本的例：primordial passions最基本的情感
RNA 核糖核酸，ribonucleic acid的缩写，指存在于生物细胞以及部分病毒、类病毒中的遗传信息载体，将DNA携带的遗传信息转移至蛋白质中，并参与其他细胞内的化学反应
self?replicating a. 自我复制的
synthesized a. ①组合的，综合的 *②人工合成的
vertebrate n. 脊椎动物
长难句分析
Today the mostfamous self?replicating molecule is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), but it is widelythought that DNA itself could not have been present at the origin of lifebecause its replication is too dependent on support from specialized machinery,which could not have been available before evolution itself began.
该句是一个由but连接的并列句。前一个分句较简单，主干为The most famous self?replicating molecule is DNA... 。后一个分句结构复杂，嵌套了多层从句，其主干是it is widely thought that...;it为形式主语，真主语是that引导的从句;because引导了一个较长的原因状语从句，其中又嵌套了which...非限定性定语从句做 machinery 的后置定语;from... 介词短语后置修饰support。
语篇分析
本文的选材领域是生命科学。作者介绍了自我复制分子在生命起源与动物进化中的重要作用。它是一篇事理说明文，大体按照时间顺序展开介绍。全文总计五段，可分成三大部分。
全文的写作顺序：第一至三段主要围绕生命起源的关键：自我复制分子展开介绍;第四段是过渡段，指出从自我复制分子到复杂生物体的出现，自然选择发挥了关键作用。第五段围绕脊椎动物的进化过程展开介绍。因此作者大体按照时间先后顺序安排全文内容。
一、第一至三段为第一部分，介绍生命起源的关键是自我复制分子的出现。
第一段内容概括：前三句利用时间线索从地球的形成(the Earth was formed)和生命的兴起(life had arisen)，引出生命的起源(the origin of life)这一话题。第三句([G])起承上启下的作用，其中these two dates回指上文提到的两个时间;the origin of life与下文末句中的“关键是自我复制实体即基因的出现(the key was the spontaneousarising of self?replicating entities)”在内容上相呼应。末句提出了全文论述的对象――自我复制实体。
连贯性：前三句句首的时间状语(分别为between 5,000 million and 4,000 million years ago, by 3,000 million yearsago, some time between these two dates)相互呼应，是段内句子间连贯性的明显体现。
第二段内容概括：通过介绍生命起源的模拟实验，说明自我复制分子出现的条件。该段内容分为两个部分。第一部分是前四句，围绕“生命起源实验”展开论述。首句指出了进行实验的条件：原始地球大气中的气体现在仍然存在(the atmosphere of the early Earthcontained gases still abundant today)。二至四句具体介绍化学家模拟原始大气状况进行生命起源的实验(reconstructed these ancientconditions in the laboratory)，包括实验的材料(gases, water, energy)和结果(organic substances are synthesized)。第二部分是后四句，介绍自我复制分子的出现。第五、六句推理原始地球上出现了模拟实验中发生的情况(something like this happened onthe early Earth)：原始海洋成为生命起源以前有机化合物汇集的地方(a “soup” of prebiological organiccompounds)。第七、八句([C])转折指出，但更重要的不是有机分子的产生，而是自我复制分子的出现(the origin of self?replicating molecules)。末句中的self?replicating molecules与第一段末句中的self?replicating entities是同一主题词的复现，达到语篇上下衔接。
连贯性：①同义复现关系和代词的使用是段内连贯性的体现。同义词复现：early与ancient;organic substances、organic compounds和organic molecules;a soup of... 与the primeval soup。第四句中these指代上文提到的organic substances。②本段末句中the crucial step、self?replicating molecules分别与第一段末句中的the key和self?replicating entities是同义复现关系。跨越不同段落的同义复现关系是段落间连贯性的体现。③表假设的if是句内连贯性的体现。表结果的consequently是句与句之间的衔接手段。第七句承上启下，保证段内句子间的连贯性。末句引出下一段对自我复制分子起源的介绍，保证段与段之间的连贯性。
第三段内容概括：介绍最初的自我复制分子以及自然选择法则。该段内容也分为两个部分。第一部分是前四句，承接上段末句内容，讨论最初的自我复制分子是什么。前两句排除DNA并分析原因(DNA itself could not have beenpresent at the origin of life because...)。第三、四句是并列关系，指出可能是RNA或其他类型的分子(Perhaps the related molecule RNA,or perhaps a different kind of molecule)。第二部分是后四句，介绍自然选择对于自我复制分子的作用。第五句([B])是过渡句，指出自然选择法则伴随着自我复制分子而出现(once... Darwinian naturalselection could have begun);第六、七句是并列关系，说明自然选择法则的过程(variants that were good at replication...varieties that did not replicate or did so inaccurately...);末句总结自然选择的结果是提高了复制分子的效率(ever?increasing efficiency)。
连贯性：①同义词、上下义词的使用、关键词重复出现和呼应现象是段内连贯性的体现。DNA, self?replicating molecule，molecule, origin of life这些相关词反复出现。DNA和RNA是self?replicating molecule的同义词。replicating, replication, replicator,copying相互呼应。variant和varieties是同义词。variation与上述两个词相呼应。②转折连词but、选择连词or也是连贯性的体现。
二、第四段为第二部分，承上启下，指出动物进化过程是自然选择的延续。
内容概括：作者按时间先后顺序安排本段内容，对自然选择过程作进一步解释说明：它存在于自我复制分子的进化以及其后的整个生物进化过程中。首句承接上段末句内容，指出在复制分子的竞争(即，最初的自然选择过程)中，那些具有自我保存和迅速自我复制能力的分子获胜(success must have gone to the onesthat happened to...)。第二句句首的the rest of evolution提示本句谈论的是后来的生物进化过程，指出它是自我复制分子自然选择的延续(a continuation of the naturalselection of replicator molecules)。第三句谈到复杂生物体的出现是动物长期进化的结果(long enough to have produced complexcontrivances)。
连贯性：同义复现关系、关键词重复和代词的使用保证了本段的连贯性。replicating molecules和replicator molecules是同义词复现;首句中的ones指代上文出现的replicating molecules;devices出现两次;第一句中for their own self?preservation and their own rapid replication与第二句中for their own preservation andreproduction也是同义复现关系。
三、第五段为第三部分，介绍脊椎动物的进化历史。
内容概括：作者按时间先后顺序，介绍脊椎动物的进化历史：最早的脊椎动物出现(the first vertebrates)→脊椎动物大量出现(appear abundantly)→有圆形鳍和肺的鱼出现(lobe?finned and lung?bearing fish)→两栖动物和爬行动物出现(amphibians and reptiles)→哺乳动物和鸟类从爬行动物分化出来(mammals and birds)→哺乳动物的分支(rapid divergence of mammals)，如：有袋动物、大象、食蚂动物、猴子等。
连贯性：按先后顺序出现的五个表时间的短语(nearly 600 million years ago, date back 530 million years, between 300and 400 million years ago, about 250 million years ago, 65 million years ago)是段内句子间连贯性的体现。
试题精解
选项大意概括：
[A]脊椎动物中首先是鱼，然后是两栖动物或爬行动物统治大陆。
[B]一旦自我复制分子形成，达尔文自然淘汰就起作用了。
[C]当然在有机汤里出现有机分子还不够，关键是自我复制分子的出现。
[D]人类的进化只是一小部分。
[E]变异受环境的影响，有害变异通常很快消亡，因此不影响有利变异的积累。
[F]三十亿年是一段很长的时间，足够长来产生如有椎骨的身体和昆虫的身体这样令人惊异的复杂的发明。
[G]两个时间之间独立分子的出现证明生命起源开始。
21.\[精解\] 答案G本题考核的知识点是：上下文内容的衔接+句子之间逻辑关系。
本题空格出现在第一段中。上文提到两个时间和两个事件：一是五十亿和四十亿年之间地球形成;二是三十亿年以前生命兴起，有用显微镜可见的像细菌一样的生物的化石来证明。下文则谈到没有人知道发生了什么。由于上文给出的是确定的说法，而下文讲述的是不确定的情况，因此空格处的内容应是出现的新现象，而且其出现的关键是下文提到的理论家认为的自我复制单位的自然出现。选项[B]、[C]中虽然都出现了下文中的关键词self?replicating，但它们无法体现逻辑上的转折，即“由知道到不知道”。只有选项[G]提到了生命起源的概念，而没有具体论述，和下文逻辑上顺接自然，此外其中的some time between these two dates和上文的两个时间相互呼应。
22.\[精解\] 答案C本题考核的知识点是：上下文内容的衔接。
本题空格出现在第二段末，应承上启下。上文主要介绍了化学家们在实验室里创造与古代地球相同的大气和海洋，发现了有机物质的产生。从而猜测古代地球正是以这种方式形成了生命起源以前的“有机汤”。下文则开始介绍自我复制分子DNA和RNA。选项[B]、[C]都提到了自我复制分子，但选项[B]出现了上下文都没有的新信息：达尔文自然选择理论。而选项[C]是过渡句，前部分承上，指出仅仅在“原始汤”里出现有机分子是不够的;后部分启下，指出关键的步骤是自我复制分子的起源。实际上这和第一段末的内容也相呼应：理论家们认为自我复制单位的出现是生命起源的关键。
23.\[精解\] 答案B本题考核的知识点是：上下文内容的衔接+句子之间逻辑关系。
本题空格出现在段中。上文是对自我复制分子DNA和RNA的介绍，指出RNA更可能是最初的自我复制分子，当然也可能是其他种类的分子。下文指出，特别擅长复制的变异种类会自动地在原始“有机汤”中占主导地位。那些不复制的或不能精确复制的变种会相对地变得比较少。这导致了复制分子的效率不断增加。选项[B]、[E]出现下文中的关键词variations，但选项[E]谈论环境造成变异，而且还提到有害变异和有利变异，根本未提及上下文中的self?replicating molecule。选项[B]提到达尔文进化自然选择理论，正是下文内容的综述。
24.\[精解\] 答案F本题考核的知识点是：上下文内容的衔接+时间逻辑关系。
本题空格出现在段末。上文提到，接下来的进化过程是复制分子(或称为基因)自然淘汰的继续：它们借助自我建立有效的部件(如：细胞和多细胞体)的能力来自我保存和复制。下文提到直到近六亿年以前的寒武纪时代(the Cambrian era)才确定化石小有规模。根据化石证据(在中国发现的“海口鱼”化石)推知最早的脊椎动物可追溯到五亿三千万年前。由自我复制分子的自然淘汰到第一种脊椎动物的出现，之间肯定是漫长的进化过程。空格处内容应弥补这个信息空白。选项[A]超前提出了脊椎动物，[B]停留在自我复制分子的自我淘汰阶段，[C]是自我复制分子的出现，[D]提到了脊椎动物以后的哺乳动物甚至灵长目动物。[G]停留在生命起源。只有F提到，三十亿年的时间里，动物产生了有椎骨的身体，恰当地衔接了上下文。
25.\[精解\] 答案A本题考核的知识点是：上下文内容的衔接+时间逻辑关系。
本题空格出现在段中。上文提到脊椎动物的大量出现，下文提到哺乳动物和鸟类从爬行动物的两个分支中衍生出来。哺乳动物的迅速分支，又形成了今天我们见到的丰富的动物类型。之间有时间上的跨越。因此预测空格处应弥补这种信息上的空缺，即承接上文的脊椎动物的话题，又能够引出下文哺乳动物的内容。显然正确答案是选项[A]，其中的reptiles在下文中也出现。
全文翻译
在距今约五十亿和四十亿年之间地球形成。到了三十亿年以前生命早已兴起，我们有用显微镜可见的像细菌一样的生物化石来证明这一点。在这两个时间之间的某个时候――独立的分子证据显示大约是在四十亿年前――神秘的事件，即生命的起源肯定已经开始了。([G])没人知道发生了什么，但是理论家认为关键是自我复制实体(也就是一般意义上的“基因”)的自然出现。
原始地球大气或许包含了今天在太阳系的其他行星上仍然含量丰富的气体。化学家已经用实验的方法在实验室里重建这些原始的情况。如果类似的各种气体在装有水的一个细颈瓶中被混合，而且通过放电来加入能源(模拟了原始的闪电),有机的物质就自然地被合成了。这些有机物中包括RNA 和 DNA 的砌块。看起来类似的事情曾经发生在原始地球上。结果是，原始海洋可能变成了生命起源以前的有机化合物汇集的“一锅汤”。当然，仅仅在“原始汤”里出现有机分子是不够的。正如以上所说的，决定性的步骤是自我复制分子的起源，即能够复制自身特征的分子。([C])
今天最有名的自我复制分子是 DNA(脱氧核糖核酸)，但人们广泛认为DNA本身在生命起源之初不可能存在，因为它的复制太依赖专门的机制的支持，这在进化本身开始之前是不可能存在的。DNA已经被描述为可能是在生命自身起源之后某个时间出现的“高科技”分子。也许仍然在有生命的细胞中扮演各种不同重要角色的相关分子 RNA才是最初的自我复制分子;亦或许原始的复制者是一种完全不同类型的分子。一旦自我复制分子偶然形成，达尔文自然选择之类的法则可能就开始发挥作用了：群体中会因为复制时的偶然错误而产生变异。([B])特别擅长复制的变异种类会自动地在原始汤中占主导地位。那些不复制的变种或不能精确复制的变种会相对地变得比较少。一种分子的自然淘汰导致复制分子的效率不断提高。
当复制分子之间的竞争升温时，胜利一定属于那些刚好使用特别伎俩或装备来实现自我保存和迅速自我复制的分子。余下的进化过程可能被视为复制分子(现在称为基因)借助为自我保存和复制建立有效设备(细胞和多细胞体)的能力进行自然选择的继续。三十亿年是一段很长的时间，而且似乎已经足够长来产生如有椎骨的身体和昆虫的身体这样令人惊异的复杂的发明。([F])
化石直到近六亿年以前的寒武纪的时代才被确定小有规模。依照19在中国发现的化石证据――原始的无颚鱼，它有鳍、腮和像鱼一样的肌肉模式――第一批脊椎动物可追述到五亿三千万年前。在三、四亿年之间脊椎动物大量地出现在化石床中。在脊椎动物之中，土地首先被大约在二亿五千万年以前出现的长有圆形鳍和肺的鱼所占领，然后被两栖动物和更笼统地被我们称为“爬行动物”的各种不同类型的动物所占领。([A])哺乳动物，稍后是鸟类，从爬行动物的两个不同部门中分化出来。哺乳动物的迅速分支，形成了我们今天见到的丰富的类型，负鼠到大象，从食蚁兽到猴子，似乎瞬间充满了六千五百万年以前由于恐龙的悲惨灭绝而留下的真空世界。
备注：1999年我国科学家陈均远等人在昆明郊区发现的“海口鱼”化石，距今5.3亿年，它不但是地球上最早出现的鱼，而且是包括人类在内所有地球脊椎动物的最早祖先。比起原先被认为是脊椎动物鼻祖的文昌鱼，中国“海口鱼”把脊椎动物的起源时间向前推进了整整5000万年。美国一名学者将这一发现描述为“人类重塑地球生命史的一项惊人成就”。
篇9：考研英语阅读理解冲刺练习题及答案
Dr. Wise Young has never met the hundreds of thousands of people he has helped in the past 10 years， and most of them have never heard of Wise Young. If they did meet him， however， they'd want to shake his hand――and the remarkable thing about that would be the simple fact that so many of them could. All the people Young has helped were victims of spinal injuries， and they owe much of the mobility they have today to his landmark work.
Young， 51， head of the W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience at Rutgers University in New Brunswick， N.J.， was born on New Year's Day at the precise midpoint of the 20th century. Back then， the thinking about spinal-cord injury was straightforward： When a cord is damaged， it's damaged. There's nothing that can be done after an injury to restore the function that was so suddenly lost. As a medical student at Stanford University and a neurosurgeon at New York University Medical Center， Young never had much reason to question that received wisdom， but in 1980 he began to have his doubts. Spinal cords， he knew， experience progressive damage after they're injured， including swelling and inflammation， which may worsen the condition of the already damaged tissue. If that secondary insult could be relieved with drugs， might some function be preserved?
Young spent a decade looking into the question， and in 1990 he co-led a landmark study showing that when high doses of a steroid known as methylprednisolone are administered within eight hours of an injury， about 20% of function can be saved. Twenty percent is hardly everything， but it can often be the difference between breathing unassisted or relying on a respirator， walking or spending one's life in a wheelchair. “This discovery led to a revolution in neuroprotective therapy，” Young says.
A global revolution， actually. More than 50，000 people around the world suffer spinal injuries each year， and these days， methylprednisolone is the standard treatment in the U.S. and many other countries. But Young is still not satisfied. The drug is an elixir for people who are newly injured， but the relief it offers is only partial， and many spinal-injury victims were hurt before it became available. Young's dream is to help those people too――to restore function already lost――and to that end he is studying drugs and growth factors that could improve conduction in damaged nerves or even prod the development of new ones. To ensure that all the neural researchers around the world pull together， he has created the International Neurotrauma Society， founded the Journal of Neural Trauma and established a website (carecure.rutgers.edu) that receives thousands of hits each day.
“The cure for spinal injury is going to be a combination of therapies，” Young says. “It's the most collaborative field I know.” Perhaps. But increasingly it seems that if the collaborators had a field general， his name would be Wise Young.
1. By “the remarkable thing about that would be the simple fact that so many of them could”(Line three， Paragraph 1)， the author means_______________.
[A] The remarkable thing is actually the simple fact.
[B] Many people could do the remarkable things.
[C] When meeting him， many people could do the simple but remarkable thing.
[D] The remarkable thing lies in the simple fact that so many people could shake hands with him.
2. How did people think of the spinal-cord injury at the middle of 20th century?
[A] pessimistic
[B] optimistic
[C] confused
[D] carefree
3. By saying “Twenty percent is hardly everything”(Line 3， Paragraph 3)， the author is talking about_____________.
[A] the drug
[B] the function of the injured body
[C] the function of the drug
[D] the injury
4. Why was Young unsatisfied with his achievement?
[A] The drug cannot help the people who had spinal injury in the past.
[B] His treatment is standard.
[C] The drug only offers help to a small number of people.
[D] The drug only treats some parts of the injury.
5. To which of the following statements is the author likely to agree?
[A] Wise Young does not meet many people.
[B] When Young was young， he did not have much reason to ask questions.
[C] If there needs a head of the spinal-injured field， Young might be the right person.
[D] Young‘s dream is only to help the persons who were injured at early times.
答案：D A B A C
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