下面是小编整理的福独立写作备考模拟试题及，本文共9篇，希望对大家有所帮助。
篇1：福独立写作备考模拟试题及
福独立写作备考模拟试题及
素材段落
In 1973, the Indian government initiated a tiger protection campaign called ‘Project Tiger’ which was designed to help protect the diminishing tiger population. The tiger population was declining due to habitat loss, poaching and other human-related factors. During the campaign, twenty-five tiger reserves were established where human development and inhabitation was forbidden. On these reserves, the breeding of tigers has been facilitated, and mature tigers have been transported to other regions with the goal of increasing their worldwide population. At the same time, the campaign has organized the Tiger Protection Force to catch poachers and relocate villagers in the rural areas so that they are no longer living within natural habitats. As a result of these efforts, the population of Bengal tigers in India has increased from about 1,200 in 1973 to an impressive 3500 in . Due to this fact, they are no longer on the brink of extinction.
单词和词组
diminish 减少
=decrease, decline
diminish water and energy supply
diminish government revenue by limiting commercial activities
with the goal of … 以…为目的
=with the purpose of …
With the goal/purpose of establishing a more efficient basic education system, authorities are obliged to implement scientific teaching strategies for all primary schools.
on the brink of 濒临
=on the verge of
on the brink/verge of starvation
句型结构
… where … 在这(那)里，地点状语从句结构
There has been a large-scale migration of industrial workers from the countryside to the cities where many manufacturing factories are located.
话题词汇
濒危物种 endangered species
动物保护区 habitat conservation/preservation
对…有潜在威胁 pose a potential challenge/threat to
视而不见 turn a blind eye to
充耳不闻 turn a deaf ear to
以…为代价 at the expense of
弥补 make up for
采取各种措施保护 take various measures to protect/safeguard
篇2：独立写作备考模拟试题及答案
独立写作备考模拟试题及答案
观点类
It is impossible to be completely honest with your friend all the time. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? 一个人不可能永远对于朋友诚实(12月17日托福考题)
【作家立场】我认为人不能永远对于朋友诚实，尽管诚实是维持友谊的重要因素。
【全文布局图】
首段：背景介绍 +作家立场：
你最看重的朋友的品质是什么?答案可能因人而异， 但是，很多的人看重的是彼此的坦诚相待。有人认为，和朋友在一起永远诚实是很困难的，甚至是不可能的，我基本认同这个观点，尽管诚实是维持友谊的重要元素。
二段：第一次支持作家立场：
有时候，人们处于保护和安慰朋友的目的，会说一些善意的谎言，因此，人不可能永远对朋友诚实，例如，当我们的朋友得了难以治愈的疾病的时候，我们出于安慰朋友的目的，可能对朋友隐瞒病情，这会增加朋友康复的信心。
三段：第二次支持作家立场：
有时候，人们为了满足自己的虚荣心或者出于个人的私利，不会完全对朋友诚实。例如，两个优秀的大学生同时应聘一所高校，一个人因为对方比自己优秀，所以，在对方询问自己面试日期的时候，可能说谎，其目的就是增加自己择业的竞争力。
四段：让步不同意观点的合理性：
但是，我承认，大多数情况下，我们应该对于朋友诚实，真诚的友谊应该建立在彼此信任的基础上。朋友之间，如果不是出于为对方考虑，应该坦诚相待。证实可以赢得信赖，尊敬和友谊。反之，有时候，如果我们为了满足虚荣心或者私人利益故意欺骗朋友，当谎言被揭穿的时候，就可能毁掉自己的名誉，因此，失去朋友。
尾段：总结作家立场：
我认为：虽然朋友之间应该说实话，但是，有时候，出于善意的谎言或者为自己赢得更多利益的.目的，人们都会说谎，因此，一个人很难做到永远对朋友诚实。
【原创语料库】
1. People may differ greatly in their standards as to what is the most significant quality of a true friend. 真正的好朋友的品质是什么，人们的标准也许因人而异。
2. A trustworthy friend is valued among a large proportion of people. 一个值得信赖的朋友是很多人珍视的。
解析：trustworthy adj 值得信赖的
3. It is impossible to be entirely honest with our friends. 对朋友完全诚实是不可能的。
4. We may，sometimes，make a white lie to our friends out of the reason of benevolence. 处于善意，有时候，我们也许会对朋友说一些善意的谎言。
解析：bene(好)+ vol(心灵)+ence(名词尾缀)= benevolence n 善意
解析：white lie n善意的谎言
5. One hundred percent honesty amongst friends is, sometimes, hard to maintain. 有时候，朋友之间百分百的诚实是很难做到的。
6. Indeed，I have to concede that = granted，I have to confess that ……，的确， 我不得不承认……
7. Sometimes we might lie to our friends out of the purpose of protection，comfort and encouragement. 有时候，我们可能出于保护，安慰和鼓励的目的，对朋友说谎。
8. a case in point is that ……一个例子就是……
9. From our life experience， it is easy to find out plenty of evidences to justify that …… 从我们的生活中，很容易找到很多的例子来证实……
10. If a friend falls into incurable illness，his friends of relatives, in most cases, will conceal the truth and comfort him that the chance of recovery is good. 如果一个朋友得了难以治愈的疾病，其亲人或者好友多数情况下会隐瞒病情，安慰朋友说康复的机会是非常好的。
11. Virtually，this white lie could instill new hope and confidence into the patient’s heart. 实际上，善意的谎言给患者的心中注入了希望和自信。
篇3：自考《应用文写作》备考模拟试题
自考《应用文写作》备考模拟试题
一、单项选择题：本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分。在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。
1、体现写作者多种素养和多种智能综合运用能力的应用文特性是（ ）
A、专业性 B、知识性 C、综合性 D、独特性
2、我国古代有明确的公务文书分类制度，并确定了上行文、下行文的文种是在下列哪一时期（ ）
A、先秦时期 B、秦汉时期 C、魏晋时期 D、隋唐时期
3、应用文写作中，运用增、删、调、补等手段，对立意进行深化和继续完善文章的'过程叫做（ ）
A、构思 B、行文 C、修改 D、谋篇
4、用简明、准确的语盲揭示某种事物本质特征的说明方法是（ ）
A、解释说明 B、定义说明 C、介绍说明 D、分类说明
5、议论的主要特点是（ ）
A、证明性 B、深刻性 C、逻辑性 D、严密性
6、下列不属于市场调查报告特点的一项是（ ）
A、事实性 B、前瞻性C，针对性 D、时效性
7、下列不属于特殊调查法的一项是（ ）
A、实验法 B、普遍调查法 C、观察法 D、咨询法
8、下列不属于市场预测报告特点的一项是（ ）
A、预见性 B、科学性 C、准确性 D、时效性
9、广告成功的基础是（ ）
A、引起消费者注意 B、激发消费者的购买欲望 C、促成消费者的购买行为 D、使消费者感到购买后的满足
10、请柬是单位、团体、个人邀请有关人员参加或出席重要活动或会议的一种礼仪文书，因而具有（ ）
A、通用性 B、请示性 C、通知性 D、告知性
11、采用诗歌、小说等艺术作晶的语言风格和语言运用方法拟制的演讲稿标题属于（ ）
A、政论式标题 B、科学式标题 C、文学式标题 D、新闻式标题
12、体现演讲稿思想内容的表现次序，演讲者思路展开的步骤，以及反映演讲者对客观事物的认识过程的是（ ）
A、节奏 B、层次 C、衔接 D、结尾
13、作为申请书的接受者研究答复和批准申请的依据，也是全文重点的是（ ）
A、申请目的 B、申请事项 C、申请理由 D、申请条件
14、写好总结最重要的原则是（ ）
A、材料充分 B、重点突出 C、实事求是 D、语言简明
15、企业要想使其品牌、生产的产晶为更多的消费者知晓，打开产品的销售渠道，就要制作（ ）
A、招标书 B、意向书 C、产品说明书 D、商品广告
16、用于转达有关方面周知(只需知晓而不要求直接执行)的事项的通知属于（ ）
A、布置性通知 B、批示性通知 C、知照性通知 D、会议通知
17、机关单位、社会团体、企业等组织对某项具体工作和专门问题作出部分规范的法规文书是（ ）
A、诉状 B、守则 C、规定 D、章程
18、最能体现消息生命的是（ ）
A、生动性 B、真实性 C、时效性 D、公正性
19、新闻写作要着力突出的特性，也是新闻写作区别于其他文体独具的特色是（ ）
A、公正性 B、客观性 C、真实性 D、时效性
20、用最简单精炼的语言迅速报道新闻事实的一种文体是（ ）
A、消息 B、新闻 C、简讯 D、通讯
二、多项选择题：本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分。在每小题列出的备选项中至少有两项是符合题目要求的，请将其选出，错选、多选或少选均无分。
21、立意的要求是（ ）
A、准确 B、深刻 C、鲜明 D、集中 E、新颖
22、特殊调查法通常包括（ ）
A、咨询法 B、实验法 C、类推法 D、抽样调查法 E、观察法
23、通知的特点有（ ）
A、通识性 B、广泛性 C、周知性 D、权威性 E、时效性
24、从制定的角度守则可以分为以下类型（ ）
A、自上而下型 B、自下而上型 C、共同约定型 D、民主协商型 E、双方合作型
25、消息的特点有（ ）
A、真实性 B、客观性 C、公正性 D、全面性 E、时效性
篇4：托福独立写作如何备考
托福独立写作重点突破备考计划：结构
要求：托福独立写作整体来说，结构这个方面的要求是最好达到的，一般来说独立写作的结构主要是“一边倒结构”和“让步结构”两种结构，一共五个段落，基本上这两结构都能解决大部分的题目，而且这两种结构整体上是比较好达到的，多看一些范文就能把握好，当然也有一些同学感觉“让步结构”比较绕，感觉不好梳理，这种情况下，可以多拿几个题目思考一下就可以，这部分不用花太多时间练习。
具体操作：可以拿预测题目，或者托福历年真题集中训练，看个人情况，不好的多练习一下，好的话少练习几道就行。
托福独立写作重点突破备考计划：逻辑
要求：托福独立写作官方要求要逻辑流畅，内容衔接性要强，这部分很多同学问题都比较严重，针对这方面的练习要加强，当然这部分如果可以有老师的帮助的话，会更快一些，如果没有老师的帮助，想要通过自己梳理的话，可以通过学会分层论证，因果论证，以及对比论证的思维逻辑。
具体操作;针对分层的思维逻辑，学生可以找一些范文，把范文里面的论点自己摘出来，先不看范文的拓展，自己先思考一遍，然后再对照范文的拓展思路，看一下自己和范文的思路为什么不一样，它的思维逻辑是什么样的。如果备考时间充足的话，每天可以至少分析五篇。
托福独立写作重点突破备考计划：拓展
要求：托福独立写作的拓展部分其实是很多同学头疼的一个问题，因为我们的独立写作是完全基于自己的知识和经验而延展的一个文章，很多平时缺少思考问题的学生就会感到无从下手，但是在多年的一线教学的过程中，我发现很多学生是可以思考到很多内容的，只不过是自己没有发觉，所以想要提高自己的内容拓展，再平时的练习过程中一定要多问自己几个为什么。
具体操作：这个部分可以结合逻辑练习部分一起做，因为逻辑思维也是建立在内容的基础之上，所以当进行思维训练的时候，也可以看一些范文的论点，自己先拓展，多问自己几个为什么，再回去对照范文。
托福独立写作重点突破备考计划：语言
要求：托福独立写作对于语言的要求主要针对的是单词和句式两块，这两部分如果可以多积累一些，尽量要多积累，但是不是一味的背诵，如果不知道怎么单词和句式的用法，就会出现童鞋们口中的“写作单词一点都没有用”，其实不是单词和句式没有用，而是你不会用，或者是会应用，但是单词和句式不熟悉，导致考试紧张的时候完全想不起来。
具体操作：可以按照话题分类词汇进行背诵，如果有时间的话，可以当天进行本话题的题目练习，尽可能要应用当天背诵过的单词和句式。但是这些单词和句式光是一遍是远远不够的，要反复应用，才能真正掌握，考试的时候才能写的出来。
篇5：托福独立写作如何备考
1. 备考计划细节之“练习”
练习量的事情，如果备考时间是一个月，那可以每天写一篇，考前的练习要速度和质量兼顾;如果备考时时间比较长，大概有2-3个月的时间，前两个月可以一周写两道三篇，主要注重质量，包括结构，逻辑，拓展，语言，考前一个月每天练习，要提升速度。切记“三个小时一篇作文和三十分钟一篇作文不是一个概念”。
2. 备考计划细节之“字数”
在托福的独立写作中，字数很重要，官方要求的字数是300+，但是一般情况的学生都能写到400字左右，快一点的学生可以写到500-600字，整体上来说，字数多一点会有优势，但是这个优势是建立在质量的基础上的，所以先保证质量，字数多一点是好事。
3. 备考计划细节之“语法”
语法是语言多样的基础，如果语法不好，各种句子写的乱七八糟，语言的多样性也就没有意义了，提高语言的直接办法就是去研究写作常用的语法知识，当然也可以结合一些汉译英的翻译练习综合提高，语法对于写作而言很重要，一定要扎实。
托福写作：病句的改进
1. I am not good at maths, but English
改进: I am good not at mathematics but at English/ My strength is not mathematics but English.
2. Who is the proper person to make up his minds about children’s leisure time?
改进: Who is the proper person to plan children’s leisure time?
3.It is children who clear about their interests.
改进: It is children who are clear about their own interests.
4. I agree the latter idea.(漏掉介词是大家在托福写作中低分的常见病句。)
改进: I agree with the latter idea.
5. Many people dissatisfy with the status quo.
改进: Many people are dissatisfied with the status quo.
6. So I feel breathe more comfortably now.
改进: So I feel more comfortable now when I breathe.
7. People should learn knowledge no matter how old they are.(语义重复也是大家在托福写作中导致低分的主要原因)
改进：People should learn no matter how old they are/ People are never too old to learn.
8. No one knows all the things.
改进: No one knows everything.
9. I want to live in a quiet place to admire peaceful life.
改进: I want to live in a quiet place to enjoy peaceful life.
10. Each form of shavings friends has its advantages.
改进: Each way of choosing friends has its advantages.
11. I was admitted to a Key University for which few dared to sign up.
改进: I was admitted to a Key University to which few dared to apply.
12. Luckily, he recognized an American professor.
改进: Luckily, he knew an American professor.
13. They will learn the bad habits.
改进: They will develop bad habits.
14. In this continued process, people make progress.
改进: In this cycle, people make progress.
15. Lastly, higher education is equal to higher salary.
改进: Lastly, higher education means higher salary.
16. By making friends who are different from ourselves, we can make up for deficiency.
改进: By making friends who are different from ourselves, we can make up for our shortcomings.
17. A wrong decision will bring even worse fact.
改进: A wrong decision will bring even worse result.
18. You spend all your life to fulfill your willing.
改进: You devote all your life to the fulfillment of your dream.
19. Children should be taught disciplines in groups to avoid unnecessary lost.
改进: Children should be taught discipline in groups to avoid unnecessary loss.
20. I felt alone.
21. Eating outside has the most advantage that we can go at any time when we finish eating without doing any washing.
改进: The best part of eating out is that we can leave everything behind after meal.
22. Smoking can help you relax your mind.
改进: Cigarettes can help you relax.
23. What’s about nonsmokers?
改进: What about nonsmokers?
24. Why not to be a non-smoker?
改进: Why not be a non-smoker?
25. Everyone will have many friends in his life.
改进: Everyone has friends in his life.
托福写作过渡词分类
过渡词在托福写作中可以分成两类，分别表示时间和空间。
1、表示时间的
af first 起初
after a while 一会儿
after that 那以后
after that 那以后
after/before dark 天黑后/前
afterward 后来
as a young man 当…… 是个年轻人的时候
as early as 早……的时候
as soon as 一……就……
at last 终于
at the age of… 在……岁的时候
before, the other day 几天前
earlier, until now 直到现在
early in the morning 大清早
eventually 最终
finally 最后
immediately 立即、马上
in no time 不一会儿
in the end 最后
lately近来
later 后来
meanwhile=in the meantime=at the same time 在此期间、同时
next 接下来
one afternoon 一天下午
one day 有一天
one morning 一天早晨
recently 最近
since then 自从那时起
soon 不久
Soon/shortly after ……之后不久
suddenly=all of a sudden 突然
then 然后
to begin/start with=in the first place 首先、第一点
2、表示空间的
above 在上方
across 在……的另一边
against 靠着、抵着
around 在周围
at the back of 在后面
at the bottom of 在底部
before 在前
behind 在后
below 在下方
close to 靠近
further on 再往前
in front of 在前面
in the front of 在前面
in the middle of 在中间
near to 在……附近
next to 与……相邻
on the edge of 在……的边上
on the right/left 在右/左边
on top of 在……的顶部
opposite to 与……相对
over 垂直在上
to the right/left 朝右/左
under 垂直在下
篇6：托福独立写作备考攻略
托福独立写作备考攻略丨如何写作文才能保证不会跑题?
一.审清楚题目
首先应该审题，尤其关注作文题目中的绝对性词汇。
比如：Improving school is most important factor to sucessful development of country. 看到most ，我们自然想到用他因法。
二.熟悉各类话题
从历年托福真题回忆和官方真题Official真题上总结的托福独立写作常考的topics基本可分为：解释现象类和对立观点类。
给出两个对立的事物或者一个事物对立的两个方面，要求考生支持一方并进行说明。或给出两个对立事物或一个事物对立的两个方面，要求考生说明二者为什么不同或比较它们的优缺点，并给出理由。例如：Some people like different friends. Other likes similar friends.Compare the advantages of these two kinds of friends. Which kind of friend doyou prefer? Explain why.
opics从内容上可分为：
学习类：(如自学还是跟老师学，学广还是学精)
工作类：(如在大公司还是小公司)
生活类：(如喜欢在家里吃饭还是在餐厅吃饭)
电视电影类：(如电视电影疏远了家人的情感，你是否同意)
消费类：(如花在娱乐上，还是事业上)
环境类：(如政府投入环保的力度是否应该大于投入经济发展的力度)
古老建筑类：(如是否应该保留老建筑)
成功类：(如成功的衡量标准是金钱和荣耀，你的看法如何)
性格类：(如聪明的朋友比幽默的朋友重要，你是否同意)
三. 整理素材
用20秒的时间，整理脑中所有能用的素材，让这些素材称为支持你段落的骨架，然后开始确定段落的论点。尽量使你的语言句式丰富一些。形式主语，主动，被动，动名词To do作主语，倒装句，there be，以及强调句等等。特别强调一点，为了使你文章的逻辑清晰可见，要使用逻辑连接词。
四. 注意逻辑
把握好过渡词的使用，和适当的论述方法完善你的作文，使之成为一个逻辑整体。论述方法：条件(假设)法，比如：if 我按照论点那样做，就能cause siginificant effects，除了用if，还能有with, when, only through + 方式+倒装等。
五.写作套路要相对稳定
在新托福独立写作中，用这总分总种思维最容易获得高分，所以你要在平时的练习中一定要注意写作的结构。托福作文应该写成三个层次，也就是我们确立了中心思想后应该找到三条理由来支持。托福作文五段论：第一段为中心思想段;二、三、四段为支持段落;最后一段为总结段落。其实这个东西并不是绝对的，由自己的思想内容来决定。
六. 论据论点充分
托福独立作文最重要的因素是什么?当然是论点和论证。一篇好的作文，论点可以提纲挈领，论证可以丰富文章内容。托福写作由于考试时间的限制，很多英语程度好的学生也会出现一些问题。比如说一个学生对作文的论点言之凿凿，但就是写不出东西，或是写不出令自己满意的句子。所以，上考场前，脑中一定要装一些东西，好的例子，好的句子等。
这里强调论据的重要性，不是忽视逻辑和论点的重要性。相反，只要你能够掌握一些万能的论据，对你谋划全篇的结构，以及段落发展，是有好处的。论据的准备也可以称为素材，这种素材可以是一个短语，一个人名，或是一个完整的例子。这种例子能够辅佐你的乱点，能够画龙点睛。新托福独立写作是讲究技巧的，只要把一篇作文的条理理顺，再用自己的语言组织论点和论据，丰富文章的内容，然后再稍加注意一下措辞，那么，拿到高分也不是那么困难了。
托福独立写作容易跑题其实主要原因是大家平时练习的时候没有按照要求来练，其实托福写作备考过程中，很多同学只注重提升作文质量，忽略文章是否切题。如果大家在写作中常会跑题，可以参照上文中练习方法。
托福写作：题库范文附思路解析
1. What makes a good son or daughter? What are the important qualities of a good son or daughter? Have these qualities changed or remained the same over time in your culture? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 参见：[15]
『范文』 In traditional Chinese society, a person's most important relationship was that between a parent and a child. The only measure of whether a child was good or bad was whether or not they were obedient to their parents' wishes. Traditionally a Chinese family had many children. Boys were expected to go to school and, after they grew up, to have a son of their own, and to manage the family's affairs. When his parents grew old, a son was expected to live with and care for them. A girl's parents would usually arrange her marriage to someone who she did not love and without consulting her. After she was married, she was no longer a part of her biological family; instead she became an adopted daughter of her husband's family and had to respect her husband's parents as she would her own parents. She was also expected to bear her husband a son. A child who broke these norms, defied or disrespected their parents was seen as worthless or immoral at best, and could legally be killed by their parents in extreme cases. Today of course, China is very different. Chinese children are still expected to respect their parents, but society is not as conservative as it used to be. When a Chinese son gets married, he will often prefer not to live in the same house with his parents, although he might still feel quite obligated to care for them in their old age. The greatest strides have been made by Chinese women, who now hope that their daughters grow up to marry someone that they love, and who is able to take good care of them. The major revolution in the Chinese family since 1980s has been the introduction of the one-child policy. Since Chinese families are now usually only allowed to have one child, the roles of parent and child have almost been reversed! Today's children in China, while still expected to treat their parents with respect, have become the “little emperors and empresses” of their families. Many “little emperors” are so doted on by their immediate and extended families that they become very spoiled, demanding toys, candy, and attention all day long. Because of the changing structure of the Chinese family, the bonds between parent and child, while still of primary importance, are characterized less by rules and respect and more by love.
2. A large company or a small one, which do you want to work for? Some people prefer to work for a large company. Others prefer to work for a small company. Which would you prefer? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice.
『分析』选择哪一个都无所谓，列出三个理由。不要忘了提及另外一种选择也有一些好处。也可以说不同的情况下可以做出不同的选择。
『范文』 While some people enjoy the relative comfort, stability, and prestige of working at a large company, I prefer to live life on the edge. Given the choice, I would much prefer to work at small company where I could have more responsibility, more excitement, closer relationships with my coworkers, and a greater sense of accomplishment than I could have at a big company. If I worked at a large company, my role at the company would be highly specialized and narrowly defined. At a smaller company everyone has to take on extra responsibilities to make the business work. For instance, if I worked at a small computer software company as a programmer, I might not only program, but also have to make trips to potential clients for sales. At a large company, the sales department would talk to clients, and I would be stuck in the same boring routine every day with less responsibility. I might less in touch with what the clients wanted if my responsibilities were limited to programming. I crave excitement, so the idea of working for a small company particularly suits me. While working at a large company can offer more job security, workers don't usually get any of the annual profits. But if you work for a small company, profits are more likely to be shared at the end of the year. This means that the harder you work, the more potential there is to make a large amount of money. It is also especially gratifying when you can see how your hard work helped to build or save the company, a feeling of accomplishment that is difficult to attain when working in a large company. Finally, working together in a small company creates a sense of special closeness between colleagues. You have to both trust and depend on each other for everything. This closeness is not only between people within the company but can also extend to your clients and suppliers, all of whom you can get to know on a first name basis. Business deals become less impersonal and more pleasurable when you work with people you trust and like. This trust is both deeper and easier to build when you work for a smaller company.
3. Reasons why people work other than earning a living People work because they need money to live. What are some other reasons that people work? Discuss one or more of these reasons. Use specific examples and details to support your answer.
『分析』列出两、三个除了钱之外的工作的理由：兴趣(比如有些歌星) 理想(比如有些医生、律师) 成就感(比如教师) 还有些人上班工作只不过是为了打发时间
『范文』 One of the most overlooked reasons why people work is to help other people. Government officials, social and charity workers, and religious organizations, and others all work not only for their own salaries, but also work for the common good. They labor for others because of their moral convictions, for reasons of personal reciprocity, and because they want to make society more stable, thereby benefiting themselves and others. Some of the most famous charity workers in the world have been affiliated with religious groups. For instance, many of the foreigners living in the poor regions of Africa are doctors, teachers, and other professionals who are paid by religious organizations to help the poor, sick, and needy people there. These professionals could make much more money if they worked in rich countries. They have chosen to help poor people because they believe their religion tells them to help people who cannot help themselves. They are working for others for moral or religious reasons. Some people work for other people because at some time in their lives, someone else has helped them. Many teachers can tell stories about a particular teacher who changed their lives. The gift a great teacher gave to them inspired them to become teachers themselves. Likewise, many people become doctors because a doctor saved one of their family member's life and they felt like they owed a debt of gratitude that money could not repay. To such people, the motivation for working is not the paycheck at the end of the month, but the smile on a child's face when they read their first book, or the look of joy on new parents' faces when they see their healthy newborn baby. Finally, some people work for others because they believe that society is only safe and stable when all of its members are happy. These people include good government officials who try to make policies that benefit the poorer classes of society. They know that only by making policies that help poor people live richer, happier lives can they lower crime, sickness, and poverty rates, and make society safer and happier for all citizens.
4. Is face-to-face communication better than other types of communication? Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Face-to-face communication is better than other types of communication, such as letters, email, or telephone calls. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
『分析』同意或者不同意，都是错误的。不结合具体情况，无法判断哪一个更好。先比较两种沟通方式的优缺点(relative merits) 然后根据不同的情况说明那种方式更好：跟老板、同事沟通，face-to-face communication更好跟愤怒的投诉顾客，telephone更好一些跟情人沟通，当然face-to-face更好。相关题目：[160]
『范文』 While many modern forms of communication like phone calls, email, and letters, are extremely convenient, in my opinion, nothing beats speaking to another person face-to-face. Face-to-face conversation is the ultimate form of human communication because it is interactive, and allows a broader range of possibilities for communication in the intricacies of tone of voice, body language, and can add the intimacy of touch. The first and most obvious advantage that face-to-face communication has over a letter and email is that there is the ability for an interactive conversation. If the sender of a letter or an email does not write clearly, or the recipient does not understand part of the correspondence, then much time must be spent to clear up the misunderstanding. In a face-to-face conversation, misunderstandings are easily dealt with because of the immediate and interactive nature of a face-to-face conversation. The argument might be made that telephones and instant messaging services like MSN and ICQ are equally viable formats for interactive conversation, with the added benefit of being available over long distances. I would still argue that face-to-face conversation is better because you can see the other person. Not all communication is verbal; the meaning of much of what we say depends on our body language and tone of voice. Joking and irony are particularly difficult to express, identify, and enjoy without seeing the expression on someone's face, or watching the movements of their body. Finally, if the goal of communication is to maintain or deepen a relationship with someone, business partners, friends, husbands and wives, or parents and children, face-to-face communication offers the option of communication by touch that is unavailable even if we could communicate by video. Trust and respect between businesses partners can be established with a firm handshake. No amount of body language can convey the excitement of a high-five between friends, and no number of words can communicate the comforting embrace of a loved one. Touch is the first foundation of our human relationships, before spoken language, and it is only available when people communicate face to face.
5. Do what you already do well or try new things? Some people like to do only what they already do well. Other people prefer to try new things and take risks. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.
『分析』讨论两种attitudes各自的好处。然后在不同的情况下，选择不同的态度。比如：锻炼身体有很多种方法，如果我已经习惯了慢跑，只要能够达到身体健康的目的，就不必要花时间练习一些其他的体育项目了。放松的时候可以听听音乐——往往是同一首歌或曲子已经听了很多年。但是看电影，却很难做到重复看同一个电影几百遍。
『范文』 A defining characteristic of people is the degree to which they are willing to break out of their comfort zone. Old habits and well honed skills give great comfort to any individual, but new personal challenges build character and allow one to grow as a person. It was not until very recently that I fully comprehended this. Today, while I still enjoy doing the things I am already good at, I have become increasingly eager to try new things because I have learned the value of new experiences. I have always been a talented athlete, and I still find great comfort on the basketball court and in the swimming pool. These are familiar places where I feel at home. They are also places where I continue to excel. However, not so long ago my older cousin, a person whom I have always looked up to and admired, reminded me that there is nothing wrong with discovering new talents or doing many different things very well. He introduced me to music. For the past sixteen months I have been learning how to play the guitar, and this new experience has been extremely rewarding. Initially, I struggled. My inability to play even the simplest of notes frustrated me, and quite often I thought about giving up. Yet with my teacher's encouragement I continued to make progress. Now my appreciation for music is much more profound than ever before, and my appetite for new experiences is whetted. Together with a couple of classmates I have formed a book club. Every week we get together and discuss a piece of literature. Of course, my friends were hesitant to give this new idea a try at first. Nevertheless, I have convinced them to be risk takers, and now all of us enjoy not only each others' company but also books and stories, which is a completely new experience for all of us. Together we are planning to learn how to dance and to purchase bicycles to explore the area around our hometown. We don't want to limit ourselves to what we know already.
篇7：托福独立写作备考资源
托福作文练笔资料如何挑选?
挑选合适的托福独立写作题目类资料，小编认为大家需要具有一定的“品位”，绝不能随意找一份来历不明价值成谜的资料就开始练笔，否则很有可能是在浪费时间，优质的托福作文题目资料需要满足以下这些条件：
1. 官方权威性
托福考试是有ETS机构主办的，而作为训练资料，官方提供的资源自然更具有权威性和参考价值，特别是对于刚开始备考的新手考生来说，缺乏对托福独立写作的基本认识，大家并不清楚考试到底会出哪些题目。这种时候选择官方渠道的备考资料作文题目，显然能够帮助大家更好地了解托福独立写作的出题情况和特点，为考试打好基础。
2. 思路拓展性
优质的托福独立写作题目资料要能够启发和拓展考生的写作思路。看过一些机经类资料的同学可能会发现，如今托福写作特别是独立写作的题目涉及范围可以说是越来越“野路子”了。有些题目初看之下甚至会让准备不足的考生根本不知道应该如何选择观点和展开论述。而想要具有应对各类偏门作文题目的能力，考生的写作思路和视野就必须足够宽广才行。这也就意味着大家在选择练笔作文题目时，不能只练习那些中规中矩，一看就能想出一大堆例子素材的作文题目，否则虽然备考训练的时候会轻松一些，但到了考试中就有可能会被完全没见过也没有思路的题目偷袭而影响发挥和得分。
3. 考试关联性
最后这一点其实和上面一条有一定冲突性，其中平衡需要大家合理把握。所谓的考试关联性，简单来讲就是这道题目有没有可能会在考试中出现，无论是以原题的形式还是以出现一定变化的形式。托福独立写作涉及的题目有其特点，虽然涉及到的范围很广，但有些题目也是绝对不会出现的。比如涉及到政治宗教等敏感话题，或者一些可能引发社会舆论关注的话题(性别人种歧视等等)就完全不可能出现在考试当中。因此，大家在选择独立写作训练题目时，也需要从和考试关联性的角度出发去进行挑选，至少要能够保证这些题目属于托福写作会出题的范围当中才行。
篇8：托福独立写作备考资源
说了那么多挑选标准，接下来小编为大家推荐一些比较符合上述标准的独立写作题目资料，大家如果没有耐心按照上面的标准来自己挑练习题，那么直接从这些资料中进行选择也是完全可行的：
1. 托福官方指南OG
很多人都说同样是ETS举办的考试，GRE考试就有官方给出的题目TOPIC POOL，为什么托福考试反而没有呢?这种说法可就有点冤枉托福考试了，谁说官方没有提供这类资料?至少在托福官方指南OG的独立写作部分，ETS就直接给出了185道独立写作题目。这些题目都是以前在托福考试中出现过的题目，虽然不能保证之后的考试题目是从中挑选的，但考生遇到类似题目的可能性也并不低，从这个角度来看，这些题目同样是有着练笔价值的，而且这些题目虽然官方没有给出范文，但大家通过搜索工具直接搜题目的话还是很容易找到各类参考范文的。从这个角度来说，托福官方指南OG中包含的这些独立写作题目，也完全有值得大家练笔的价值所在。
2. 托福模考套题官方真题Official
托福官方出品的资料中模考套题官方真题Official相信大家应该都听说过其大名。这套题目无论是作为模考所用还是日常练习题都有很高的学习参考价值，这其中当然也包括了独立写作的题目部分。而且想比官方指南OG中的题目，官方真题Official里的独立写作题在难度和对题目话题的深入挖掘程度上更胜一筹，用通俗的讲法就是更为接近考试，特别是编号靠后比如官方真题Official45之后的套题，其作文题目是相当具有难度的，对考生来说很有拿来练习一下的必要，也是考生训练托福独立写作可以优先选择的练笔对象。
3. 各类托福机经真题
托福考前刷机经看真题如今已经是中国考生的备考基本操作了，几乎人人都会在考前找一些机经类资料学习参考。机经真题资料最大的作用就是帮助大家体验实战考试的水平和难度。当然，对想要练习提升独立写作水平的考生来说，机经真题类资料的价值主要有两点。其一是提前了解考试可能出现的题目并做好应对准备，如果是出于这个目的，那么大家需要选择针对最新场次考试的机经才行，另外近半年内的机经可以不用看了，因为题目重复率再高也不可能那么快就复现。另一个作用在于为考生呈现更具有时效性的近期作文题库，帮助大家认识到当前托福独立写作的出题水平和倾向性，考生如果是为了达成这个目标，那么选择一些包含大量题目以及提纲分析的题库汇总式机经是比较理想的做法。而无论是出于哪种目的，考生备考托福独立写作使用托福机经真题中的题目资料都是非常值得推荐的。
托福独立写作题目类备考资料的选择建议和推荐就为大家分享到这里，考生如果想要在托福独立写作中拿到比较理想的分数，那就不妨先在备考资料上多下一些功夫，为考试做好充足的准备。
托福写作解析：托福写作常用过渡词归纳
1.时间或顺序
At the same time, as soon as, so far, since, now, when, meanwhile, shortly, later, lately, after a while, at this time, before, earlier, presently, in the meantime, formerly, previously, simultaneously, eventually, finally, concurrently , immediately, subsequently, lastly, consequently, since then, following this, preceding this, at the outset, at this point, after, afterwards, after this, at once, at length, in the mean time, meanwhile, at the same time, in the end, not long after, some time ago, at present, all of a sudden, from this time on.
2.阐述说明
In other words, again, as has been pointed out, to repeat, as I have said above, once again, after all, indeed, in fact, truly, chiefly, especially, actually, particularly, to be sure, above all, most important of all, even worse, no doubt, needless to say.
3.对比
but, however, yet, or, nevertheless, still, nonetheless, conversely, nor rather, whereas, though, on the one hand, on the contrary, by contrast with/to, even though, instead, unlike, different from, in contrast (with/to), instead (of), unlike, while, for all of that, notwithstanding, something is just the other way around, opposed to, as opposed to.
4.类比
similarly, likewise, like, as, at the same time, in fact, too, in the same way, in alike manner, both, also, compared with, in comparison with
5.举例及序数词
first of all, to begin with, first, second, next, in the first (second) place, furthermore, moreover, beyond that, also, besides, in addition, what is more, such as, finally, for example, for instance, in this case, namely, a case in point is…, consider…, in particular, including…, for one thing…, for another…, put it simply, stated roughly, as an illustration, I will say…, a good example (of…) would be…, to detail this, I would like to…, it is interesting to note that…, in this situation, as proof, take the case of…, take (something) as example, as for, as regards, as to, according to, on this occasion.
6.原因和结果
Since, because (of), as, for, owing to, result from, due to, on account of, on the ground of, as a result of, being that, another important factor/reason of…, in that…, for the reason that…, in view of.
So, therefore, thus, hence, as a result, accordingly, for this reason, on that account, it follows that, thereupon, inevitably, under these conditions, as a consequence, consequently, in consequence, so that, not only…but (also…), so… as to
7.总结
To sum up, in summary, to summarize, in short, in brief, to be brief, on the whole, in conclusion, to conclude, the conclusion can be drawn that…
托福写作解析：agree or disagree
托福独立写作练习题目：
Children rely too much on the technology, like computers, smart phones, video games for fun and entertainment. Playing simpler toys or playing outside with friends would be better for children' s development.
孩子们过多地依赖科技(比如电脑、智能手机和电子游戏)来娱乐。玩简单点的玩具或者与朋友一起在外面玩对孩子们的发展更好。
写作参考思路：
观点：
电脑、智能手机等电子设备遍及每个家庭，孩子们在这里面花的时间越来越多。有人认为在玩简单点的玩具或者和朋友一起在外面玩才有助于孩子们的发展。但是我的观点截然相反。
Opinion:
As electronic devices like computers and smart phones are popular in every home, children have spent more and more time on them. With growing concerns about children's future development, some people think playing simpler toys or playing outside with friends would be better. However, I do hold a different view.
理由1：
随着科技的进步，电子产品的功能越来越强大，客户体验也越来越好。所以孩子们从电脑、智能手机和电子游戏中获得的乐趣比他们在简单的玩具或在外面玩中所获得的要多。
Reason 1:
With the development of technology, electronic products are becoming more and more powerful, and customer experience is improved as well. In this way, children can get more fun and joy from these products than that from playing simpler toys or playing outside.
理由2：
现在，互联网教育(比如可汗学院)越来越被人们认可。孩子们通过电脑或智能手机来学知识，已是非常正常的现象。甚至还有些电子游戏，其设计目标就是锻炼孩子们的思维等能力。
Reason 2:
Nowadays, Internet Education such as Khan Academy is increasingly acknowledged by people. It is a common phenomenon for children to learn knowledge through computers or smart phones. There are even some video games that are designed to practice children’s ability of thinking and other abilities.
总结：
科技使生活更美好。只要家长和学校正确引导孩子，不让他们沉迷其中，那么这些电子产品会对孩子们的发展起到积极作用。
Summary:
Technology makes life better. As long as parents and the school work together and guide correctly to prevent their children from getting addicted, these electronic products would have positive influences on their development.
Tip
对于“agree or disagree”的题目，同学们的中心观点可以是同意(agree)，可以是不同意(disagree)，也可以是是视情况而定(it depends)。
参考提纲的中心观点就是不同意(disagree)，如果中心观点是同意(agree)，那么可以考虑从以下角度进行分析阐述：
1.电脑、手机、电子游戏等都是虚拟的，玩现实中的玩具更能锻炼动手能力;
2.和朋友一起去外面玩，既可以接触大自然、锻炼身体，还可以加深友谊、认识更多的人
3.……
篇9：托福独立写作评分标准及备考策略
阅卷人会从以下4个方面来评估托福独立写作的分数;
1.是否切题：考生不能跑题，答非所问;
2.展开论点：考生一定要提供足够的事例，细节，理由来支持观点;不要仅为了增加文章字数而堆砌冗长无意义的词或句子，却没有针对论点展开论述;
3.文章结构：如果一篇文章能够展现统一，渐进和连贯，读者就能毫无障碍地流畅的阅读;避免逻辑断层，累赘，离题偏题和条理不清晰的衔接，这些都会造成阅读障碍，影响得分。
4.语言运用：如果考生作文句子简单，词汇量有限，没有体现多样性，分数不会超过3分;但是托福写作并不要求学生写fancy words，即高级深奥的词汇;单词，无论难易，准确即可;所以考生也无需故意生搬硬套SAT或GRE单词，一旦使用不当，造成文章晦涩难懂，那就得不偿失了。
文档为doc格式
