以下是小编帮大家整理的初中英语语法八大时态总结，本文共18篇，欢迎大家分享。
篇1：初中英语语法八大时态总结
初中英语语法八大时态总结
一、一般现在时：
概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语：always，usually，often，sometimes，everyweek(day，year，month…)，onceaweek，onSundays，etc.
基本结构：①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
二、一般过去时：
概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语：ago，yesterday，thedaybeforeyesterday，lastweek(year，night，month…)，in1989，justnow，attheageof5，oneday，longlongago，onceuponatime，etc.
基本结构：①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。
三、现在进行时：
概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语：now，atthistime，thesedays，etc.
基本结构：am/is/are+doing
否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
四、过去进行时：
概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语：atthistimeyesterday，atthattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构：was/were+doing
否定形式：was/were+not+doing.
一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。
五、现在完成时：
概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语：recently，lately，since…for…，inthepastfewyears，etc.
基本结构：have/has+done
否定形式：have/has+not+done.
一般疑问句：have或has提到句首。
六、过去完成时：
概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
时间状语：before，bytheendoflastyear(term，month…)，etc.
基本结构：had+done.
否定形式：had+not+done.
一般疑问句：had提到句首。
七、一般将来时：
概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语：tomorrow，nextday(week，month，year…)，soon，inafewminutes，by…，thedayaftertomorrow，etc.
基本结构：①am/is/are/goingto+do;②will+do.
否定形式：①am/is/are+notgoingto+do;②will+not+do
一般疑问句：①am/is/are放于句首;②will提到句首。
八、过去将来时：
概念：表示从过去某一时间看的将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语：thenextday(week，month，year…)，soon，inafewminutes，etc.
基本结构：①was/weregoingto+do;②would+do.
否定形式：①was/were+notgoingto+do;②would+not+do
一般疑问句：①was/were放于句首;②would提到句首。
中考英语五种基本句型
前五个句型属于简单句的基本句型，后面三个是中考中重要的简单句句型。中考英语语法掌握好简单句是学好语法的基础，同学们要重视哦!
1“主语 + 谓语”(即“主谓”句型)
这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同，说明“某人或某物如何动作”，或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。
例：They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.
分析：“they”(主语)“arrived”(谓语)。
2“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)
这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同，用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”，或者说“某人或某物发出了动作，并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。
例：I study English.
分析：“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。
3“主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)
这一句型英汉语序结构相同，说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”，或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象，其中一个间接对象为人，另一个为物”。
例：Our teacher taught us English.
分析：“our teacher”(主语)“教”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。
4“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾补”句型)
这一句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。
例： He asked her to go there.
分析：“he”(主语)“asked”(谓语动作)“her”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to go there”(补语—补充说明宾语做什么)。
5“主语 + 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型)
这一句型用以说明“某人(某物、某事、某种概念)具有什么特征或处于什么状态”。汉语的“是”字结构属于这一英语句型的形式之一。常用的联系动词有be， keep，lie， remain， stand， become， fall， get， go， grow， turn， look， feel， seem， smell， sound， taste， 等。
例： I am a teacher. 我是一名老师
分析：“I”(主语)“am”(系动词)“a teacher”(表语—即表明主语的身份)。
6“There + be + 主语+ …”(即“存在”句型)
这一句型用以说明“在某地或某时存在某人或某物”。
例：There is a bird in the tree. 在树上有一只鸟。
分析：“in the tree”(地点)“there is a bird”(存在物)。
7比较句型
这一句型用以比较物质甲与乙之间的异同。
1) 原级比较： …as + 形容词/副词原级 + as…; …as + 形容词+名词 + as…
例：He is as rich as John. 他和约翰一样富有。
例：He has as much money as she does. 他和她的钱一样多
2) 比较级：…+ 形容词/副词比较级 + than…
例：She is more careful than he.她比他细心多了。
3)最高级：the + 形容词/副词最高级+(单数名词或one)+ {of(among) + 人或物｝/{in + 场所｝
例： He is the tallest in the class.他是班上最高的。
8“it + is/was + 形容词 + to do/that从句”(即评价句型)
这一句型用于说明“做某一动作或事情属于什么性质或具有什么特征”。即对某一动作或事情进行评价。(这里it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 to do 结构或 that 从句)
例：It is important to learn a foreign language.学习一门外语很重要。
分析：本句重在说明“学习一门外语”(to learn a foreign language)这一动作的性质是“重要的”。
篇2：17英语语法八大时态
(一)定义：表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，还表示主语具备的性格和能力及客观真理。例：I get up at 6:30 in the morning.
(二)构成：主要用动词原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加s/es。
(三)句型
1、肯定句：主语+谓语+其他。She reads English everyday .
2、否定句：主语+don’t/doesn’t+谓语+其他He doesn’t get up at 6:30 in the morning .
3、一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+V原+其他?Do you like English ? Yes ,I do ./No, I don’t .
4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+V原+其他?Where does Jam work?
(四)用法
1、表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，带与表示频率的时间状语如：often , sometimes , usually，always , everyday year，month, once/twice a week (month , year , etc.) , seldom , on sundays等连用。
2、表示客观真理，科学事实、格言警句。The sun rises in the east .
3、根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。I'll tell him the news when he comes back.
4、仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了“描述现阶段的动作或状态”，其重点“不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态”。
Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world.
5、在口语中，有些表示移动的动词，其一般现在时可以表示按规定、计划或时间表要发生的事，句中通常有一个表示未来时间的状语。这些动词有go，come，leave，arrive，return，begin，start，be等 The Browns come back tonight.
6、以here，there开头的倒装句，一般现在时可表示目前正在发生的动作 。Here comes the bus.
7、有少数动词(如say，tell，hear等)可以用一般现在时表示过去发生的情况 I hear you want a servant.
8、一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。
Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.
(五)动词第三人称单数形式变化规则
1、一般情况下，动词后直接加-s;如：help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等。
2、以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es;如：fix-fixes,watch-watches等。
3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加-es;如：fly-flies等。
4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时，have改为has
5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时，be改为am，遇有主语是第二人称时，be改为are，遇有主语是第三人称单数时，be改为is
篇3：17英语语法八大时态
注：在一般过去时的句子中，谓语动词可分为两类一类是be动词，其形式为was与第一、三人称单数连用，were与第二人称和复数人称的主语连用。凡是由be动词做谓语的句子，变否定句时，直接在其后加not,即wasn’t 或weren’t，变一般疑问句将was/ were放在句首，
句末用问号。另一类谓语动词是由行为动词来充当，如stayed\went\visited等,这一类动词做谓语时，可与任何人称连用，句子变否定时，要在主语后面，动词的前面加didn’t，动词用原形;一般疑问句是把did提到句首，动词用原形。
(二)句式
1、肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他。I was in Beijing yesterday .
2、否定句：主语+wasn’t 或weren’t+其他。主语+didn’t + V原+其他。
3、一般疑问句：was/ were+主语+V原+其他?Did +主语+V原+其他?
4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ was/ were+主语+其他?特殊疑问词+did+主语+V原+其他?
(三)用法
1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况，常与明确的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last week(month , year…),…ago,the other day ,just now ,at the age of…,in 1980等连用。如：At the age of ten ,she began to learn to play the piano .
2、表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
When I was a child ,I often play the football in the street .
【注】①表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态，也可用“used to+动词原形”的结构。My mother used to go to school on foot.这种结构的否定式和疑问式可用助动词do，也可不用助动词来构成：don’t use to=usedn’t to
②有些情况发生的时间不很清楚，但实际上是过去发生的，应当用一般过去时
I was glad to get your letter.
3、在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时态代替过去将来时。
He said he wouldn’t go if it rained .
4、讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时，而且经常省略时间状语。如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.
5、句型：It is time for sb. to do sth “到……时间了” “该……了”。
6、It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
句型：It is time that sb. did sth. “时间已迟了” “早该……了” ，
It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
句型：would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。
I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
7、wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义：她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义：她现在还活着)
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：Did you want anything else?
2)情态动词 could, would。例如：Could you lend me your bike?
篇4：17英语语法八大时态
(一)概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
(二)结构
1、由will +动词原形构成，其will适用于各种人称，与主语连在一起时，常常缩写为’ll。变否定句时，只需在will后加not，可缩写为won’t 。在疑问句中，will需提前，构成will+主语+动词原形的结构。He will arrive here this evening .
2、shall+动词原形(常用于主语为第一人称)I shall / will not be free tomorrow .
3、be going to+动词原形(打算、准备做某事)He is going to fly to Lodon.
(三)用法
1、表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow, next day(week，month，year....)， this evening (weekend …), in the future , in a few minutes， the day after tomorrow ,by...， soon 等连用。
I will pay a visit to Shanghai next week .
2、用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will”用于所有人称。如：I will graduate from this school soon.
3、be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
4、表示一个人临时决定要做某事,可以用will表达。
I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化学药剂). So please wait until I return.
5、一般现在时表将来
1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
2)以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。Here comes the bus.
3)在时间或条件句中。例如： When Bill comes, ask him to wait for me.
4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。
I hope they have a nice time next week.
6、用现在进行时表示将来：下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。 I'm leaving tomorrow.
7、shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与
第二人称连用。Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?/ Will you please open the door for me?
8、“be to +动词原形”表示按照计划将要发生的事情。
An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy.
篇5：17英语语法八大时态
表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个“将来”时间绝不会延伸到“现在”;而仅限于“过去时间区域内”。由此可以看出，含这个时态的句子常带一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。这个状语或是一个短语，或是一个句子。
(一)、用法
1、宾语从句或间接引语中When I thought about it,I wondered what their reaction would be.
2、表示过去习惯性的动作During that period,he would do exercises every day.
3、表示过去情况中的“愿望”、“倾向”，多用于否定句。
They knew that we would never permit such a thing.
4、Be going+动词不定式、be+动词不定式、be about+动词不定式，变成过去式后，都相当于过去将来时。 She was going to sell her old car and buy a new one.
5、过去进行时表示过去将来的概念，常用于位置转移的动词，如go，come，leave等。 He told me he was leaving in an hour.
6、在时间、条件状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来时
They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.
篇6：17英语语法八大时态
(一)概念：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一事件之前已经发生的动作或状态，即过去的过去。图示如下：
----|-------------------------- |---------------------------|----------------------->
过去完成 过去 现在 将来
(二)构成
1、肯定句：主语+had+过去分词When we got there, the football match had already started.
2、否定句：主语+had not+过去分词He hadn’t worked for two years by then.
3、疑问句：had+主语+过去分词…?Had he finished the work by last month?
(三)用法
1、过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态; 句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。
By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom.
2、过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.
3、在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。She said she had never been to Paris.
4、在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时;发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
5、by the time “直到……时候”。指从过去某一点到从句所示的时间为止的一段时间。 By the time we got to his house, he had finished supper.
6、表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本…，未能…”。 We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
练习：
(一)、
35. — Listen, the music _____________sweet.— It's Yesterday Once More, my favorite.
A. sounds B. smells C. feels
37. — Hello, may I speak to Mr. Smith?— Sorry, he isn't in. He _____________the office.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been away
43. — Our classroom____________every day.— So it is. It's our duty to keep it clean and tidy.
A. cleans B. is cleaning C. is cleaned
36. “Have you ever been to Tokyo?” “Yes, I ______ there twice. It’s a modern city.”
A. have gone B. have been C. had gone
39. In order to make our hometown more beautiful, trees _______ around the city every year.
A. plant B. are planted C. will plant
35. To protect the environment, supermarket don’t _____ free plastic bags to shoppers.
A.take B. show C. provide D. carry
41. --Let's discuss the plan, shall we?--Not now. I_____ to an interview.
A. go B. went C. am going D. was going
49. The task____ in an hour. Then we can go home and have a good rest.
A. was finished B. will be finished C. has been finished D. can't be finished
25. Let’s ____ for a walk, shall we?
A. to go B. going C. go D. gone
26. —Where were you last Saturday?—I ____ in the Capital Museum.
A. am B. will be C. was D. have been
29.—May I speak to the headmaster?—He ____ a meeting now. Can I take a message?
A. is having B. had C. has D. will have
32. I ____ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai.
A. didn’t hear from B. don’t hear from C. won’t hear from D. haven’t heard from
33. Today, computers are really helpful. They ____ everywhere.
A. use B. are used C. used D. were used
25. My grandpa is sleeping. Will you please_____the radio?
A. turn down B. turn up C. turn on
28. They_____five days finishing the work.
A. Paid B. took C. spent
30. She_____ her hometown for many years. No one nearly knows her.
A. has been away from B. has left C. had left
32. Summer holiday is coming, Li Lei with his father_____to go to Shanghai.
A. Want B. will want C. wants
33. Lisa is a little poor at Chinese. I think she needs_____it every day.
A. practise to speak B. to practise speaking C. practise speaking
31. Jenny _______ in the kitchen when you called her at 5 o'clock this afternoon.
A. is cooking B. was cooking C. cooks D. Cooked
35. Hot water _______ in the students' flats from 5 pm to 7 pm now.
A. supplies B. is supplied C. supplied D. was supplied
36. If our government ____ attention to controlling food safety now, our health _____in danger.
A.won't pay; is B. doesn't pay; is C. won't pay; will be D. doesn't pay; will be
37. — Both Li Lei and Han Meimei ____ fond of the TV program A Bite of China.
— I am also deeply moved by its stories!
A. is B. am C. was D. Are
篇7：17英语语法八大时态
(一)结构：由 Be(am/is/are) +动词—ing 构成。
(二)用法
1、表示说话时刻正在进行的动作及行为，或者包括说话时刻在内的一段时间正在进行的动
作。常用时间状语及标志词：now( at the moment ) , listen , look , this week , this evening , these days 等。Listen , Someone is playing the piano in the next room .
2、表示一种渐进的过程。My younger brother is becoming more and more insterested in English .
3、与always , all the time , forever等连用，表示说话人某种强烈的情感，如：赞许、批评;喜欢、厌恶等。 She is often doing well at school. (表示满意)
4、表示移位的动词，如go,come,leave,start,arrive等，其现在进行时可表将来。
She is leaving for Beijing next weak .
(三)句型
1、肯定句：主语+ be(am/is/are) +动词—ing +其他。I am studying now .
2、否定句：主语+ be +not+动词—ing +其他。I am not studying now .
3、一般疑问句：Be+主语+动词—ing +其他?Is she studying now ? Yes ,she is ./No,she isn’t .
4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ Be+主语+动词—ing +其他?
篇8：17英语语法八大时态
(一)结构：由was/were+动词-ing构成。
(二)用法
1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作。动作发生的特指时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明，如：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。
My family were watching TV at this time yesterday .
注意：(1)以when引导的时间状语从句中，从句动作，主句用过去进行时，表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。When he called me , I was having dinner .
(2)以while引导的时间状语从句中，从句与主句的动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，while常译为“当……的时候，同时”。Tom was doing his hmework while hie sister was watching TV .
2、与always，constantly，forever等副词连用，带有感情色彩 He was always ringing me up.
3、过去进行时可表示过去某时打算要做的事或预计要发生的事
Mr. Brown was coming to dinner.
4、有时用hope，think，wonder的过去进行时表示现在的想法，可以显得客气一点 I was wondering whether you could give me some advice.
篇9：初中英语语法时态总结
初中英语语法时态总结
初中英语语法共有16种时态，那么同学们是否学习了呢？
一、一般时态
1、一般现在时
(1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态，常和副词usually，often，always sometimes， regularly，near，occasionally，every year, every week等连用。例如：
1)The moon moves round the earth..
2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day.
(2)在由after，until，before，once，when，even if，in case，as long as，as soon as，the moment以及if，unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：
1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.
2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow.
(3)某些表示起始的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，这类动词有：be，go，come，start，depart，arrive，begin，leave等。例如：
1)The plane leaves at three sharp.
2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow.
(4)在由why，what，where，whoever，who，that，as等引导的从句中，也常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：
1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first.
2)You’ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.
2.一般过去时
(1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如：
We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.
(2)表示过去习惯性动作。例如：
1)He always went to class last.
2)I used to do my homework in the library.
(注意与be used to doing短语的区别)
3.一般将来时
1)表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如：
I shall graduate next year.
2)几种替代形式：
1)be going to +v在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如：
I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money.
2)be to +v表示计划安排要做的事，具有“必要”的强制性意义。例如：
I am to play tennis this afternoon.
3)be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如：
He was about to start.
4)be due to +v表示预先确定了的事，必定发生的事。例如：
The train is due to depart in ten minutes.
5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing强调即将发生的某种事态。例如：
The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home
二、进行时态
1.现在进行时
(1)表示现在正在进行的动作，常与now，right now，at the mother，for the time being，for the present等连用。例如：
Don’t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now.
(2)表示现阶段经常发生的动作，常与always，continually，forever，constantly等连用。例如：
My father is forever criticizing me.
(3)表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词。即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词。常用的有：go，come，leave，start，arrive，return等。例如：
They are leaving for Hong Kong next month.
(4)有些动词不能用进行时，这是一类表示“感觉，感情，存在，从属”等的动词。如：see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，look，appear，(表示感觉的词);hate，love，fear，like，want，wish，prefer，refuse，forgive(表示感情的动词);be，exist，remain，stay，obtain(表示存在状态的动词);have，possess，own，contain，belong，consist of，form(表示占有与从属的动词);understand，know，believe，think，doubt，forget，remember(表示思考理解的动词)。但是如果它们词义改变，便也可用进行时态。例如：
1)Tom looks pale. What’s wrong with him?
(look在此为联系动词，意为“显得，看上去”)
2)Tom is looking for his books.
(look在此为实义动词，意为“寻找”)
2.过去进行时
过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后，另一个过去的动作正在进行，或表示过去反复的习惯，常与always，continually，constantly等动词连用。例如：
1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.
2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.
3.将来进行时
将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时刻开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。例如：
1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.
2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?
4.完成进行时
(现在、过去、将来)完成进行时是(现在、过去、将来)完成时的强调形式，将放在完成时态部分讲述。
三、完成时态
完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作。它可分为：
1.现在完成时
(1)现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的，刚刚完成的`动作(常与yet，already，just连用)，或者过去某一时刻发生的，持续到现在的情况(常与for，since连用)。例如：
1)I have just finished my homework.
2)Mary has been ill for three days.
(2)常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since, for, during, over等引导出的短语;副词already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等;状语词组this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如：
1)I haven’t been there for five years.
2)So far, she hasn’t enjoyed the summer vacation.
3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978.
(3)完成时态可用在下列结构中：
This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定语从句;This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句;This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时;如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例如：
(1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.
(2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.
2.过去完成时
(1)表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示;或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如：
1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.
2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.
(2)动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时，表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如：
I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away.
另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是：
1)was / were + to have done sth,例如：
We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn’t.
2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth,例如：
I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.
(3)过去完成时常用于以下固定句型：
1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 过去完成时+ when + 过去时。例如：
Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.
2)no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如：
No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.
3)by (the end of ) +过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如：
The experiment had been finished by 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon.
3.将来完成时
将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作;也可以用来表示一种猜测。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有：by (the time / the end of ) +表示将来时间的短语和句子;before (the end of ) +表示将来时间的词语或句子;when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等。例如：
1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai.
2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 o’clock.
3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left.
4.完成进行时
完成进行时是完成时的强调形式，有现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时。
(1)现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如：
I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it.
(2)过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如：
It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places.
(3)将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻。例如：
By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours.
四：时态一致
时态一致是英语四、六级考试的一个重要内容。通常应由主句谓语的时态决定从句的谓语时态。一般原则是：
1、当主句谓语使用现在时或将来时，从句的谓语根据具体情况使用任何时态
He says that he lives in Wuhan.
We hope that there will be many people at your party today.
“Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house?” “Yes, but I don’t know who bought it.”
“There’s a lot of excitement on the street.”
“There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned?”
2、当主句谓语使用过去时的时候，从句的谓语必须使用过去范围的时态
He said he was writing a novel.
The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment.
He said his father had been an engineer.
3、当从句是表示没有时间概念的真理时，从句的谓语应使用一般现在时。例如：
The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder.
注：在此种情况下，即使主句谓语用了过去式的各种时态，从句谓语也应用一般现在时。
4、从句谓语只能用虚拟语气的情况
利用时态一致原则确定从句动词时态时，还应注意，若主语动词是表示命令、请求、要求、建议、劝告等的动词，从句谓语只能用虚拟语气，不能遵循时态一致原则。例如：
We insisted that we do it ourselves.
动词的语态
语态也是动词的一种形式，英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
1)We use electricity to run machines. (主动语态)
2)Electricity is used to run machines. (被动语态)
1.不能用于被动语态的动词和短语
(1)在英语中，不及物动词不能用于被动语态，但有些不及物动词(包括短语)容易引起误用。如：appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。
(2)某些表示状态或特征的及物动词，如：become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态。
2.被动语态的时态形式
常用的被动语态有表1所列的几种时态形式。
SPAN>一般时 进行时 完成时
现在 am asked am being asked
is asked is being asked
are asked are being asked
过去
was be asked was being asked
were be asked were being asked
将来 shall be asked shall have been asked
will be asked will have been asked
过去 should be asked should have been asked
将来 would be asked would have been asked
3.短语动词的被动语态
短语动词转换为被动语态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例如：
1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at.
2)All the rubbish should be got rid of.
4.“get + -ed分词”的被动语态
“get + -ed分词”结构强调动作的结果，而非动作本身，常用来表示突发性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。例如：
The boy got hurt on his way home from work.
另外，“get + -ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事，是主动的行为而不是被动的行为。例如：
get dressed(穿衣服) get divorced(离婚)
get engaged(订婚) get confused(迷惑不解)
get lost(迷路) get washed(洗脸)
get married(结婚)
5.能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态
(1)能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时，一次只能由一个宾语作主语，另一个宾语被保留下来。例如：
1)We showed the visitors our new products.(主动语态)
2)The visitors were shown our new products.(被动语态)
3)Our new products were shown to the visitors.(被动语态)
(2)能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例如：
1)The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主动语态)
2)He was appointed League secretary.(被动语态)
6.被动语态与系表结构的区别
(1)The novel was well written.(系表结构)
(2)The novel was written by Diskens.(被动语态)
7.少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思
例1：The book is selling remarkably well.
例2：The song sounds very beautiful.
能这样用的动词还有read(读起来)，clean(擦起来)，wash(洗起来)，write(写起来)。
例3：My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned).
能像need这样用的动词还有：want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind等。
例4：The meat is cooking.
例5：The book written by the professor is printing.
篇10：初中英语语法基础知识-八大时态的用法
定冠词的特定用法
(1) 特指前面已提到的人或物：
Look! A car has stopped there. The car is beautiful. 瞧，有辆小汽车在那儿停下了。那辆汽车可真漂亮。
(2) 特指说话双方都知道或能体会到的人或物：
Why not ask the teacher? 为什么不问问老师?
Pass me the dictionary, please. 请把词典递给我。
(3) 用于带后置定语的名词前，表示特定的人或物：
I like the magazine on the desk. 我喜欢桌上的那本杂志。
The supper her mother cooked was delicious. 她妈妈做的晚餐味道很好。
(4) 用于比较级前，特指两个被比较对象中的一个：
Of the two brothers, the younger is more interesting. 在这两兄弟中，年轻的这个更有趣。
(5) 用于加强特指含义，意为“正好是”、“刚好是”等(此时的定冠词需重读)：
This is the word to be used here. 这是用在这里最恰当的字眼。
He is the man for the job. 他是最适合做这项工作的人。
倒装句
倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有：
(1)在There be结构中。
There are so many things to learn today.
今天有很多东西要学。
(2)表示时间的副词now,then等位于句首,主语是名词。
Now comes a new opportunity , you must seize it.
现在新机会来了，你必须抓住它。
(3)表示方位的副词up,down,in,out,away等放在句首,谓语动词是come,go,run,rush,fly等,主语是名词.
Up went the fireworks into the air.
嗖的一声,焰火上了天。
when the door opened, out rushed the children.
当门打开时,孩子们冲了出去。
早、午、晚要用 in
例：in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上
in the day 在白天
初中英语基本时态
一般现在时：常与always,often,sometimes, every day连用，表示习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。提醒你当第三人称单数做主语时，别忘了动词的变化。注意：象“地球大，月亮小”等客观真理、事实一定用一般现在时。
现在进行时：要注意其构成：由be+动词+ing,表示说话时正在进行的动作。如：We're studying now. 我们现在正在学习。
英语过去时时态
一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday,last year,in 1949,two years ago,等表示过去时间的状语连用。注意：We often went to dance last summer.有的同学一见到often就想到用一般现在时，其实因为后面有表示过去时间的 last summer,所以要用过去式，千万别误用了，切记，切记。
过去进行时：显然过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在做什么，常和特定的时间状语如at that time，at six yesterday，at that moment，when he came in等连用。如： When he knocked at the door,his mother was cooking.
一般将来时
一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来时间状语如 next year,tomorrow等连用。注意：在Will you ....?问句中，回答必须是 Yes,I will.或 No,I won't而不能用Yes,I shall. No, I shan't.来回答过去将来时：过去将来时不可以单独使用，它一般在宾语从句中作间接引语，表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。如：They told me that they would go to work in Guangdong.
完成时时态
现在完成时：顾名思义，现在完成时表示的是已经完成的动作，但动作造成的影响还在，常被just,already,yet 等副词修饰。如：He has already gone to Tianjin. 对现在造成的影响是他已经不在这儿了。现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，常带有for或since等表示一段时间的状语。如：Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，我们常用“过”来表示，常带有twice, once, ever, never等时间状语。如：I've never seen that film.
过去完成时：我们可以用“过去的过去”来概括过去完成时，表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，通常与by,before等构成的短语或when, before, after引导的从句连用。也可表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，常和for或since构成的时间状语连用。用法和现在完成时大致相同，只不过又向前推了一个时态。
篇11：英语八大时态总结
一、一般现在时:
1、表示： (1)经常做的事
(2)习惯性动作(反复发生的动作)
(3)客观事实和不变的真理
(4)目前存在的状态
(5)主语现在的性格、特征、能力
2、基本结构:
肯定句：
(1) 主语 (I，We, You, They) + 动词原形 + ...
(2)主语 (He,She,It) + 动词第三人称单数 + ...
(3)主语 + be(am，is, are) + ...
否定句：
(1)主语(I，We, You, They)+ don’t + 动词原形 + ...
(2)主语 (He,She,It) + doesnt + 动词第三人称单数 + ...
(3)主语 + be(am，is, are) + not + ...
疑问句：
(1)Do + 主语 (I，We, You, They) + 动词原形 + ... (2)Does + 主语 (He,She,It) + 动词第三人称单数 + ...
(3)be(am，is, are) +主语 + ...
3、时间状语：
always总是，usually通常，often经常，sometimes有时，seldom 很少，hardly几乎不，scarcely几乎不，every day每天，once a week每周一次，yearly每年，monthly每月，等时间状语或频率副词连用。
4、常和一般现在时连用的固定表达法：
I promise...我允诺...， I apologize...我道歉...， I advise...我建议...， I insist...我强调...， I agree...我同意...， I refuse...我拒绝...，I suggest...我建议...
如：I promise that I won’t be late again. 我答应不再迟到。
I suggest he set off at once. 我建议他应马上出发。
二、现在进行时:
1、表示：(1)说话时正在进行的事情和动作.
(2)现阶段正在进行的事情和动作.
2、基本结构: 主语 + am， is, are + 动词ing + ...
3、时间状语： now, at this time, these days, look, listen
三、一般过去时:
1、表示：
(1)过去某时发生的事情和动作
(2)过去习惯性动作或行为
(3)过去经常性的动作或行为 (句末常有表示过去的时间短语)
2、基本结构:(1)主语 + 动词过去式 +...
(2)主语 + was/were + ...
3、时间状语： …ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, at last, at first, finally
四、现在完成时;
1、表示：(1)过去发生已经完成的动作，对现在赞成的影响或结果。(已经完 成)
(2)从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 (仍在继续)
2、基本结构: 主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + ...
3、时间状语 ： since…,for…,in/during the past few/two years, ever, yet, already, recently, over the years(几年来，这么多年来)，主(现完)+since +从(一过),just(注意和just now的区别),so far, till now
五、一般将来时:
1、表示：(1)将要发生的事情和动作。
(2)目前将要存在的状态
(3)目前的打算，计划或准备做某事 (句末常有表示将来的时间短语)
2、基本结构: (1)主语 + will/shall(I,We) + 动词原形 + ...
(2)主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + ...
3、时间状语： tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by+将来的时间,the day after tomorrow
六、过去进行时:
1、表示：过去某时正在进行的事情和动作.
2、基本结构: 主语 + was/were + 动词ing + ...
3、时间状语： at this time yesterday, at that time, from 6 to 8 last night, at 5 yesterday evening或以 when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
七、过去完成时:
1、表示：发生在过去的两个动作中,先发生的那个动作使用过去完成时.也就是 说,“过去之过去”或“较早的过去”。
2、基本结构: 肯定句：主语 + had + 过去分词 + ...
否定句：主语 + had + not + 过去分词 + ...
一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + 过去分词 + ...?
肯定回答：Yes,主语 + had.
否定回答：No,主语 + had not.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(Had + 主语 + 过去分词)?
被动语态：主语 + had(hadn't) + been + 过去分词
3、时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
八、过去将来时：
1、表示：从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句 是一般过去时的宾语从句和间接引语中。
2、基本结构：肯定句：主语 + be(was，were)going to + 动词原形 + ...
否定句：主语 + be(was，were)not going to + 动词原形 + ...
疑问句：Be(Was，Were)+ 主语 + going to + 动词原形 +..
肯定句：主语 + would(should)+ 动词原形 + ...
否定句：主语 + would(should)not + 动词原形 + ...
篇12：初中英语语法知识点之时态
初中英语语法知识点之时态
初中英语时态知识点：过去进行时的用法详解
(1) 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语then,at that time,this time,yesterday等。
I was doing my homework when my mother came to home.
(2)叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作，通常用While
I was studying at college while my brother was teaching at university..
(3)表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作
They were expecting you yesterday, but you didn't turn up.
初中英语时态知识点：一般现在表过去的用法
1.用于某些动词(tell, say, hear, learn, gather等)表示不确定的过去时间：
John tells me you will leave tomorrow. 约翰告诉我你明天离开。
I hear that he got married last month. 我听说他上个月结婚了。
I hear you want a secretary. 我听说你需要一个秘书。
He says the matter is rather urgent. 他说这事相当紧急。
Mary says you told her to come over here. 玛丽说是你让她到这儿来的。
It really gets me when he says those stupid things. 他说那些傻话真让我生气。
2.当要陈述一个客观事实时，有时即使有过去时间状语也可用一般现在时：
The story is set in the summer of 1937. 故事的背景是1937年夏天。
The story begins in the year 1937. 故事开始于1937年。
初中英语时态知识点：运用现在进行时常见的几个错误
1、把动词变成现在分词形式易出错。例：
(1)误：They are swiming (swim) .
正：They are swimming (swim).
(2)误：Jenny is plaiing (play) football.
正：Jenny is playing (play) football.
解析：A、动词变现在分词可有如下口诀:一般-ing;哑e先去e;重闭单辅先双写;-ie结尾y来替。
B、动词现在分词的变化规则要与名词变复数、动词变现单三等规则区分开来。
2、谓语部分的构成不完整：丢掉be动词，或忘记把动词变成现在分词。例：
(1)误：Look! Two children flying (fly) a kite in the park.
正：Look!Two children are flying (fly) a kite in the park.
(2)误：Li Ming isn't read ( not read) a book in bed now.
正：Li Ming isn't reading ( not read) a book in bed now.
解析：现在进行时的谓语部分的构成是“be+现在分词”，二者缺一不可，这一点必须要牢记。
3、对动词或动词词组提问时，丢掉代动词doing。例：
The students are singing in the room.(对划线部分提问)
→误：What are the students in the room?
→正：What are the students doing in the room?
解析：现在进行时态中对动作提问可记住此句式“What +be +主语+doing+其它?”或简写为“What......doing......? ”句式。
4、现在进行时态的谓语部分是并列结构时，容易忽视第二个以及第二个以后的动词用现在分词形式。例：
孩子们在跑还是在跳?
误：Are the children running or jump?
正：Are the children running or jumping?
解析: or连接的是两个并列成分，动词形式须一致。
初中英语时态知识点：现在进行时的应用
(1) 表示目前正在发生或进行的动作。如：
They are planting trees on the mountain. 他们在山上植树。
Mother is preparing supper in the kitchen. 母亲在厨房做晚饭。
(2) 有些非持续性动词的进行时可以表示动作即将进行或发生，或表示动作的重复。如：
He is joining the army. 他要参军了。
They are buying the house. 他们要买那座房子。
(3) 当现在进行时中有always, forever, constantly, continually修饰时，表示说话人的赞赏或厌烦的感情。如:
Why is the baby always crying? 为什么那个老是在哭。
They are always helping us. 他们总是帮助我们。
注意：表示状态、感觉、心理活动的静态动词，一般不使用语进行时态。
初中英语时态知识点：过去完成时由过去的过去来判定
由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的`用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：
( 1 )宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：
She said that she had seen the film before.
( 2 )状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：
When I got to the station, the train had already left.
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：
Where did you study before you came here?
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
( 3 )表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本…，未能…”
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
初中英语时态知识点：过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：
1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较：
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如：
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.
3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如：
He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.
I (had) called her before I left the office.
篇13：初中英语语法: 动词的时态
初中英语语法: 动词的时态
初中英语语法:英语语法必读法宝 动词(三)
动词的时态概述
1.时态是一种语法范畴，是用以表示各种时间和动作方面的动词形式。
谓语动词的时态决定了整句的时态。
时间有四个主要部分，即现在，过去，将来和过去将来。动作方面也有四种，即一般，完成，进行和完成进行。将这些时间与动作方面组合在一起，即构成16种时态。如下：
现在 : 一般现在时 I work
现在完成时 I have worked
现在进行时 I am working
现在完成进行时 I have been working
过去 : 一般过去时 I worked
过去完成时 I had worked
过去进行时 I was working
过去完成进行时 I had been working
将来时态: 一般将来 I shall work
将来完成 I shall have worked
将来进行 I shall be working
将来完成进行 I shall have been working
过去将来 : 一般过去将来 I should work
过去将来完成 I should have worked
过去将来进行 I should be working
过去将来完成 I should have been working
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四个动作方面各有其特点，现在分述如下：
1.一般方面：
用以叙述一单纯事实，时间可以不具体
动态动词的一般方面常表动作已经完成。
2.完成反面
用以表达一个动作已经完成
身夸两个时间，动作发生于前一个时间。但说话人的.兴趣一般在后一个时间
3.进行方面
表示动作在一时段进行，说话人的兴趣一般不在动作何时开始，何时结束。而在于他所关心的时点上。
往往是提出一种情景，故描述性强，比较生动。
4.完成进行方面
兼有完成与进行两个方面的特点也有夸两个时间，但二者往往相距不远。
练习题：
写出括号内动词的正确形式
1.What does the newspaper(____) ?( say )
今天报纸说什么？
2.They (______) a baby last month. (have)
他们上个月生了个小孩
3.She (_____) a good education.(have )
她受过良好的教育
4.Someone is (____) .(knock)
有人敲门
5.I (__________) my homework before supper.(have finish)
我在晚饭前把作业做完了。
答案公布：
1.say （一般现在时）
2.had （一般过去时）
3.has had （现在完成时）
4.knocking （现在进行时）
5.had finished（过去完成时）
篇14：英语语法16种时态总结
英语语法是英语知识中十分重要的环节，希望以下文章对您有所帮助!
时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将这时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下16种时态形式(以do为例)：
一 般
完 成
进 行
完 成 进 行
现 在
现在一般时
do
现在完成时
have done
现在进行时
is doing
现在完成进行时
have been doing
过 去
过去一般时
did
过去完成时
had done
过去进行时
was doing
过去完成进行时
had been doing
将 来
将来一般时
will do
将来完成时
will have done
将来进行时
will be doing
将来完成进行时
will have been doing
过去将来
过去将来一般时
would do
过去将来完成时
would have done
过去将来进行时
would be doing
过去将来完成进行时
would have been doing
1. 一般现在时 (do/does; is/am/are)
①表示现在的情况、状态和特征。
例：He is a student.
他是一个学生。
② 表示经常性、习惯性动作。
例：He always helps others.
他总是帮助别人。
③ 客观事实和普遍真理。
例：The earth moves the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
④ 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。(常用于列车、客车、飞机或轮船时刻表)
例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. 下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。⑤ 主将从现：在时间、条件和让步状语从句中经常用一般现在表示将的来事情。
例：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
如果明天下雨，我们会待在家里。
④现在进行时与频度副词连用，表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。
例： He is always helping others.
他总是帮助别人。(褒义)
④过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。
例：When he lived in country，he was always helping the poor.
住在乡下时，他总是帮助穷人。
4. 一般将来时
①基本结构是will do。
例：We will send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.
我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品，作为给她的生日礼物。
②表示“打算…，要…”时，可用 am/is/are going to do。
例：This is just what I am going to say.
这正是我想说的。
③ 表示“即将、正要”时，可用am/is/are about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。
例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.
别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。
④“be to do”的2种用法：
a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。
例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.
星期一你准会在实验室见到她。
b) 该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to)，表示一种命令、规劝性语气。
例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.
孩子们，你们必须 上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。
5. 将来进行时(will be doing)
强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
例：Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.
别担心，你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。
8. 一般过去时 (did; was/were)
①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
例：I bought some fruits yesterday.
我昨天买了一些水果。
②表示过去习惯性动作。
would/ used to do：过去常常......
例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.
老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上，看着其他的人，一坐就是数个小时，什么也不干，也不和任何人交谈。
He used to visit his mother once a week.
他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。
9. 现在完成时(have/has done)
①表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成，强调对现在产生的影响。
例：I bought a new house, but I haven't sold my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.
我买了一所新房子，但是还没有卖掉旧的，所以现在我又两所房子。②表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。
时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。
例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. 虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。
10. 现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)
表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。
例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.
到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。
11. 过去完成时(had done)
①表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经完成的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的“过去的过去”。
Until then, his family hadn't heard from him for six months. 到那时为止，他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。
②表示从过去的过去开始，持续到过去的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。
By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years.
到我毕业时,他已经教那个班三年了.
12.过去完成进行时：had been doing
表示从过去的过去开始，持续到过去的动作或情况，期间一直有规律的在进行、不曾间断，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。
例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.
我回到家之前，我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。
表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间，期间一直有规律在进行、不曾间断，并且有可能继续延续下去。
例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.
他们说到第二个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。
例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.
到下个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。
篇15：中学英语语法时态
在英语句子中，不同时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，要使用不同的动词形式，这一点和汉语不同，这种谓语动词的变化形式，称之为时态。谓语动词共有十六种时态，常用的有八种，总结如下包括：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时，过去将来时。另外还有现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时等。
(一)一般现在时
1. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或现阶段内(包括过去、现在、将来在内的一段时间内)所存在的状态、特征和客观真理。例如对比：
1)I am student. 2)I saw him just now.
①我是个学生。其含义包括昨天、前天、今天、明天等在内的现阶段的状况，用了一般现在时。②我刚才看见他了。指过去发生过的动作，现在已结束，就用过去时。一般现在时常与下列时间状语连用。如：often, always, usually, sometimes, every day等，掌握时间状语，有利于判断时态。助动词第三人称单数用does，其余人称用do，如：
He gets up at 6∶00 every day. (经常性)
I am glad to meet you. (现在的状态)
My mother is a teacher. (现阶段的状况)
Light travels faster than sound. (真理)
He doesn't to washing. (否定句)
Do you speak English?(疑问句)
He is always the first to get to school.
Usually he gets to his office at seven.
注意：always还可以和进行时连用，表示说话人的表扬和批评等感情色彩。如：
He is always asking the same question.
He is always helping the old man.
2. 在时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中，用现在时态，其中包括一般现在时，代表将来，不用助动词will或shall. 如：
I'll tell him as soon as he comes.
It won't be long before we meet again.
Even if you offer him much more money, he won't accept it.
We'll stay a little longer even though it is late.
If you work hard at it, you will make progress.
You will be late unless you hurry.
I'll do as my teacher says.
You should state(陈述)the facts as they are.
有时条件句中出现will，will是情态动词，表示愿意，例如：If you will wait a few minutes, I'll tell the manager. 如果你肯(愿意)等候几分钟，那我就去通知经理。(直译)
实际上这是一句客套话，相当于：
Please wait a few minutes, I'll tell the manager.
所以上面的句子可以意译为“请等一下，我就去通知经理。”又如：
If you will take off your clothes, we'll fit the new clothes on you. 相当于Please take off your clothes, we'll fit the new clothes on you.
If you will be quiet, I'll tell you what has happened.
还要注意when, if等连词引导的其他从句，该用什么时态就用什么时态。如：
I don't know when he will come. (宾语从句)
我不知道他什么时候回来。
I don't know if he will come. (宾语从句)
我不知道他是否能来。
When he will arrive is unknown. (主语从句)
他什么时候能来还不知道。
We are fixing the time when the meeting will be held. 我们正在确定开会的时间。
书报的标题、戏剧的场景介绍常用一般时或现在进行时，如高中课本The Necklace一课Scene1 A park in Paris, 1870. Jeanne (J) is sitting in the park. Mathilde(M) walks towards her.
4. 一般现在时可用来代表将来时，表示按计划、按时间表进行的动作，句中常带有时间状语，如：
A: When does the train for Beijing start?
B: It starts at six in the morning.
The first class begins at eight. I am afraid I will be late for it.
上面两例句都是将来时的语境，但都分别用了现在时starts, begins. 能够这样使用的大多是些瞬间动词，如：begin, come, open, close, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return等。
(二)一般过去时
1. 表示过去某时间发生的动作、存在的状态，或过去一段时间内习惯性、经常性动作，时间状语除了像in 1978, last year, yesterday, just now, a few days ago等外，也可用often, always, usually等，还可用used to和would+ 动词原形，或通过时间状语从句来表达，如：when I was a child…. 助动词用did.
He was born in 1978.
I graduated from school last year.
When I was a child, I learned to play the piano.
I often got up early and took exercise in those days.
I remember when this used to be a quiet village.
I would get up early when I worked on my father's farm.
He didn't go to bed until he finished picking up BBC English.
During the vacation I would swim in the sea.
2. 在时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中，如果主句是过去将来时，从句用过去时态，其中包括一般过去时代表过去将来，即从句中不用would或should。如：
He said that if we gave him more time, he would do it better.
I knew I could not finish the homework before he came.
We would finish it on time even if we had difficulties.
He told us that he would join us as soon as he came back.
I promised that I would do as my teacher said.
3. 表示一系列发生的动作，尽管动作有先后，都用过去时，而不分哪个动作是过去时，哪个动作是过去完成时，并且在最后两个动词之间用and连结，如：
He put on his best clothes, took a small bag, went to the station and got into the station.
She went to the market, bought some eggs and came back home at noon.
4. 注意下列情况过去时态的使用。如：
Sorry, I didn't know you were here.
“很抱歉，不知道您在这儿。”按英语的实际意思是，刚才不知道您在这儿，现在看到您，现在是知道了，所以用过去时表示先前不知道您那会儿就在这儿。类似的例子还有：
--You have been allowed to go out. Why are you still standing here?
--Sorry, I didn't realize you wanted me to go at once.
(三)一般将来时
一般将来时表示未来的动作或存在的状态，其表达形式有几种：
1. 用shall或will+ 动词原形。shall仅用于第一人称，即I, we作主语时，will用于所有人称(包括第一人称)。如：
If time permits, we shall/will visit the Palace.
Jenny will have a sleep-over Saturday.
There will be a rock concert at the weekend.
注意：在时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中不用will, shall表示将来，这一点请参阅一般现在时。
2. be going to+ 动词原形，表示即将发生的事情或近期准备、打算做某事。如：
Be careful! The bicycle is going to fall down. (即将发生)
Dark black clouds are in the sky. There was going to be a thunderstorm.
I am going to send him a card on his birthday. (打算)
They are going to have a football match this afternoon.
He isn't going to see a film after school.
Are you going to go fishing this Sunday?
She is going to be a teacher in a few months.
A new film is going to be shown in this cinema tonight.
am do
is going to be done
are be
be going to结构和will, shall均可表示将来，有时意义无大区别可以互换，有时不能，如：
I will have my hair cut this afternoon. 也可以说
I am going to have my hair cut this afternoon.
Look! The sky has clouded over. It is going to rain.
即将下雨，不宜用will.
3)I hope that it won't rain tomorrow.
不是马上下雨，又不可能是计划下雨，不宜用be going to.
4)--Sorry, I forgot to post your letter.
--Never mind. I'll post it myself.
原来计划让别人邮，没邮成，现在自己来邮，不宜用be going to.
3. 某些瞬间动词可用现在时和进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作。如动词：come, go, leave, arrive, start, stay, move等，如：
He is leaving for HongKong tomorrow.
=He will leave for Hongkong tomorrow.
Bob is coming with me to the airport.
How long are you staying in Xi'an?
其中按时间表进行的动作多用一般时态表达，句中常有时间状语，而即将发生的动作多用进行时态，例如：
Go aboard, please. The ship .
A. is leaving B. leaves C. shall leave D. leave
答案是A。不是B，强调即将发生。
The ship leaves at 10∶00 a. m.
谓语动词是leaves, 而不是is leaving，强调每日上午十点这只船出发。
4. be (just) about to+ 动词原形，表示即将发生的事，常译“刚要……，就要……”。如：
There goes the bell. The film is about to begin.
Look. The players are going to the field. The game is about to begin.
5. be to+ 动词原形，表示：
(1)按计划或安排要做的事，(接近be going to, 可译为“将要”、“打算”、“定于……”)
An English examination is to take place next Monday.
A New Year's party is to be held next Saturday.
We are to meet at the school gate at six o'clock.
I am to play Mick at tennis.
(2)用不定式的完成式表示“本打算……”
We were to have held the sports meet, but the rain stopped it.
I was to have seen the film yesterday, but I was held up in my office.
(3)be to do/be接近情态动词should, must, have to, ought to的用法，表示“应该”的意思。
What should I do then?
鯳hat am I to do then?
You mustn't smoke in this room.
鯵ou are not to smoke in this room.
He ought to hand in his exercise book.
鯤e is to hand in his exercise book.
All these things ought to be answered for.
鯝ll these things are to be answered for.
(4)可能发生的事(接近can, may)
I am not sure whether he is to come tonight.
鯥 am not sure whether he can come tonight.
My keys are nowhere to be found.
鯩y keys may be found nowhere.
If we are to be there in time, we'll have to hurry up.
6. 其他形式代表未来动作的
want to do/be
I want to be a teacher in the future.
mean to do
What do you mean to do with your old bike?
intend to do
I intend to come back soon.
be likely to do
An accident is likely to happen in the rush hour.
would like to do
I'd like to go skating with you.
(四)过去将来时
从过去某一时刻看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态，通常用于主句谓语动词为过去时的宾语从句中(或者说间接引语中)，其构成，把一般将来时中的助动词will，改为would, shall改成should+ 动词原形。一般将来时所用的各种方法，在过去将来时里，照样使用，只不过动词或助动词都用过去时，对比如下：
一般将来时 过去将来时
will, shall would, should
am/is was
going to going to
are were
am/is was
about to about to
are were
am/is was
to to
arewere
want to wanted to
Jenny said she would have a sleep-over Saturday the next week.
I never thought you were going to send me a card.
He said he was leaving for Hongkong the following day.
I was told that the train started at 10∶00.
We were about to leave when it began to rain.
The manager said they were to have a meeting the next Monday.
I was to have seen the film yesterday, but I was too busy.
They were to have helped us, but they didn't come.
最后两例都表示原本打算做某事，实际未做成，“打算”发生在过去的过去，用was/were to have done来表达。
He got up early and wanted to meet his friend at the station.
If you would lend me ￡ 5 until Monday, I should be grateful.
后例中would出现在条件句，是情态动词表示愿意、愿望，用这种方式提出请求，否则在时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中，不用would或should(在主句的谓语动词是过去将来时的情况下)，而用过去时态表达。
(五)现在进行时
现在进行时由am/is/are+ doing构成。
1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作。如：
What are you doing now?
Look, they are playing chess.
2. 表示现阶段内在进行的动作，但不一定在说话时进行。
The population of the world is increasing.
Man is doing something to prevent pollution.
3. 在时间、条件等状语从句中，用现在进行时代替将来进行时。
If I am sleeping when he comes, wake me up, please.
Make notes next time you are listening to the teacher.
4. 表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些动词，一般不用进行时，如：have, be, hear, see, like, hate, know等。
I like English very much.
不说I am liking English very much.
I often hear him sing in the next room.
不说I am hearing him sing in the next room.
5. always, constantly, forever常与进行时连用，表示厌烦，赞扬等感情色彩。
He is always forgetting to bring his text book. (批评)
He is forever thinking of others. (赞扬)
You are constantly making the same mistake.
6. 现在进行时与一般现在时的区别：前者侧重在描述动作暂时的情景，状态的持续，后者侧重在说明事理，陈述一个事实。
She is speaking English.
She speaks English every day.
7. 有些瞬间动词用现在进行时代表将来，“即将……”。
The train is arriving in two minutes.
He is coming back tomorrow.
(六)过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻，或某一阶段正在进行的动作，由was/were+ doing构成，句子中往往有过去的时间状语，代表过去的一个时间点，如：this time yesterday, at eight last night, at that time, then等，或用句子表示时间，像：when I got home等。
What were you doing at eight last night?
When I got home, mother was cooking.
What were you doing when I telephone you?
As she was reading the newspaper, Granny fell asleep.
过去进行时的各种要求及用法完全同现在进行时，只不过am/is doing改成was doing; are doing改成were doing.
(七)现在完成时
1. 由have/has(单数第三人称作主语)+ 过去分词构成，现在完成时的使用有两种情况。
(1)过去做的事情，强调对现在有影响，和现在说话有关，想知道结果，句中没有过去的时间状语，如：
1)--Have you bought the book?
--Yes.
--When did you buy it?
--Last Sunday.
在这段对话中，买书是过去做的事，但和我现在说话有关，我想知道到现在为止，书究竟买到了吗?回答“买到了”之后，我又想知道买书的时间，这是一个过去买书的时间，应该用过去时提问或回答。再比如：
2)--Have you had your lunch?
--Yes.
--Where did you have your lunch?
--At school.
--What did you have for your lunch?
--Rice, meat and peas.
但是在高考试卷中有这样一道题：
--Where the recorder? I can't see it anywhere.
--I it right here. But now it's gone.
A. did you put, have put
B. have you put, put
C. had you put, was putting
D. were you putting, have put
答案是B。“Where have you put the recorder?”问话人的意思是我一直在找录音机，找到现在，暗含着(到现在)你到底把它放哪儿了?所以用了完成时。
(2)现在完成时所表示的动作从过去开始，持续到现在，也许还会继续下去。常用时间状语有：for, since引起的短语，so far, already, yet, just, today, now, recently, lately, this week, this month, this year, these days, during/in the last/past few years, It is the first time that从句中疑问词How long的句子中，还有ever, never, before等。
Great changes have taken place in China in the past ten years.
--How long has the film been on?
--It has been on for half an hour.
I prefer dumplings which have just been cooked.
I have lived here since I was a child.
另外，现在完成时在时间或条件状语从句中，代替将来完成时，即不用will/shall have done/been.
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.
If you have finished reading the magazine before I leave, please give it back to me.
Once you have learned it, you will never forget it.
I won't go home until I have done the job.
2. 区别for与since引导的短语作时间状语。for+ 时间段，since+ 时间点。since+ 时间点，看下面一道题：
--How long have you been here?
--.
A. For four o'clock B. Since four o'clock
C. Since four hours D. At four o'clock
正确答案是B
2)假如会议是从2点钟开始，一直开到现在4点钟，请看下列句子和图示。
The meeting has been on for two hours.
The meeting has been on since two o'clock.
The meeting has been on since two hours ago.
3. since与from的区别：since“自从……以来”，表示时间从一个点开始，延至到现在(在过去完成时中延至到过去)，句子常用完成时。from“从……以后”，并不表示截止时间，如果表示截止，应该是from…to(till)…，有from或from…to/till作状语，句子常用一般时态。如：
From then on he never spoke to me. (过去时)
Since then, he has never spoken to me. (完成时)
From the 1910s to the 1950s Hollywood was the film center of the world. (过去时)
It has been ten years since he left his hometown. (完成时)
I will do better from now on.
4. already与yet的区别：already用于肯定句，yet多用于否定句和疑问句。
He has already taken the medicine.
Has he arrived yet?
He hasn't arrived yet.
5. ever, never, once, twice等与完成时连用情况：
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
I have never seen a better film than this one.
Hangzhou is the most beautiful place that I have ever been(to).
I have never been to a more beautiful place than Hangzhou.
例1)和例2)意思相同；例3)和例4)意思相同。
例1)这是我所看过的电影当中最好的一部。
例2)我从来没有看过比这更好的电影。(含义是这部电影是最好的)
例3)杭州是我所去过的最美的地方。
例4)我没去过比杭州再美的地方。(含义是杭州是我所去过的最美的地方)。
--Have you ever been to the Great Wall?
--Yes, I have.
或--No, never.
--How many times have you been to the Great Wall?
--One/Twice/Several times…
6. 瞬间动词和延续性动词在完成时中的使用：
(1)表示能够延续的情况或动作的动词叫做延续性动词，如：live, study, learn, teach, work, be, have(有)，know, walk, sleep, wait等。这类动词在完成时中可与表示一段时间的状语，或连词、疑问词连用，如for, since, how long等。
(2)瞬间动词，也叫终止性、结束性动词，表示动作的结果，或表示短暂性、一次性的动作。如：close, leave, buy, join, become, begin, fall(掉下)，fall ill(病倒)，get to(know), come, go, see, hear, hear from, catch a cold等。这类动词可以用于完成时，但在一般情况下，不能加上表示一段时间的状语或疑问词，如：
He has left. (正) He has left for a week. (误)
He has been away for a week. (正) How long has he left?(误)
How long has he been away?(正)
When did he leave?(正)
但是在否定句中，瞬间动词也可以和表示一段时间的状语、连词连用，它的含义是好长时间没进行这个动作了，没进行此动作的状态就可以延续。如：
I haven't heard from my parents for a long time. 我有好长时间没收到父母来信了。
He hasn't left home for a week.
他有一个星期没出门了。
判断下列几组句子：
电影开演五分钟了。
The film has begun for five minutes. (误)
The film has been on for five minutes. (正)
这支钢笔我买了大约两年了。
I've bought the pen for about two years. (误)
I've had the pen for about two years. (正)
我从昨天晚上起就感冒了。
I've caught a cold ever since last night. (误)
I've had a cold ever since last night. (正)
瞬间动词和持续性动词的转换归纳如下：
leave-be away from
buy-have
borrow-keep
die-be dead
get up-be up
put on(上演)-be on
close-be not open
catch a cold-have a cold
fall ill-be ill
fall asleep-be sleeping
come back-be back
open-be open
join the Party be a Party member
be in the Party
join the club be a member
be in the Party
join the army be a soldier
be in the army
work work
begin to study (去掉begin to) study
learnlearn
teach teach
come to be here/there或
get to + 地点--
arrive in/at be in/at+ 地点
reach
come
to know-know
get
7. 注意现在完成时在下列句型中的使用：
I have studied English for five years. 可转换成：It has been five years since I began to study English.
或It is five years since I began to study English.
He has been away for a week.
鯥t has been a week since he left home.
或It is a week since he left home.
It has been years since I enjoyed myself so much.
或It is years since I enjoyed myself so much.
注意：例1)have studied English在since后面转换成began to study English, 才能译作：
自从我学英语以来，已经有五年了。例2)has been away在since后面转换成left. has been away持续性的状态，与for短语连用，而在since后用瞬间动词left. 译作：他离开家有一星期了。例3)enjoy是延续性动词，在since后面译作“否定”，即我有几年没玩得这么高兴了。在上述句型中“It”指时间。
8. 区别下列表达的不同含义：
He has gone to Hongkong. (他已去香港，人还没回来，“go”瞬间动词)
He has come to Hongkong. (他已来香港，人还没回去，“come”瞬间动词)
He has been to Hongkong several times.
(他曾经去过香港几次，人回来了)
He has been in Hongkong.
(他曾经去过香港，不和for/since状语连用，则单纯表达经历=has been to)
He has been in Hongkong for a year.
(他去香港一年了，人还在香港has been in…+ for短语，不能用has gone + for短语)
注意：例2)have been(to)…去过或到过某地，可与once, twice, often, never, ever, many times, several times及疑问词how many times连用。但如果有具体的时间状语in 1992, last year, for the second time或疑问词when等，句子要用过去时，如：
I went to Hongkong in 1992.
--When did you go to Hongkong?
--Last year.
(八)过去完成时
1. 过去完成时的构成：had+ 过去分词。其用法与现在完成时相同，只是动作截止时间不同。
现在完成时截止到现在，或还要继续下去，与现在事情有关；过去完成时截止到过去某时间点，与过去事情有关，区别如下：
We haven't seen each other since we parted.
从分手到现在，我们就一直没见面。
Last Sunday I met a friend of mine. We hadn't seen each other since we parted.
“上个星期天我遇到了我的一个朋友，从分手我们就没见过面。”这一动作截止到上个星期天。
现在完成时可单独用，无时间状语，而过去完成时必须有上下文，有表示过去的时间点，才可用，如：
He has left. (正)
He had left. (误)
When I got home, he had left. (正)
He Tokyo for long.
A. has left B. has been away from
C. had been away D. had left
答案：B
2. 过去完成时的使用：
(1)表示过去某一时刻或动作以前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。可用by, before, when等介词短语或从句来表示，还可以通过上下文来表示截止的过去的某一时刻。如：
Marx had learned some English before he got to England.
By the first century the making of paper in some parts of China had become common.
When I got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes.
(2)表示由过去某一时刻起，一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用，如：
It rained yesterday after it had been dry for almost a year.
The modern bridge was completed last year.
The designers had planned it since two years before.
(3)用在主句谓语动词是过去时的间接引语(宾语从句)中。如：
He asked what had happened to you.
They talked about what they had seen and done in the big fire.
(4)通过上、下文表示：
They went to the organizer's office and there they discovered the mistake. The organizer had put Dr. P Baker's name on the list of speakers…
On her way home that night the lady found that she had lost the diamond necklace which was borrowed from one of her friends.
3. 当连词before, after, as soon as引导的从句所表示的动作与主句的动作前后紧接时，由于连词本身已说明两个动作发生的先后关系，主句和从句都可用一般过去时表示，当然用过去完成时也可以。
After he locked the door, he left the house.
He turned off the lights before he left the lab.
He called me as soon as he arrived.
4. 过去完成时用于一些固定句型中：
(1)hardly…when/before 刚一……就……
He had hardly eaten the last mouth when he was back to his study. (句子没倒装)
Hardly had he eaten the last mouth when he was back to his study. (句子倒装)
(2)no sooner…than… 刚一……就……
I had no sooner put down my things than the telephone rang. (句子没倒装)
No sooner had I put down my things than the telephone rang.
(句子倒装)
(3)现在完成时和过去完成时都用于下面句型中。
the first
the second time that…
It/That is … 现在完成时
the last
the first
the second time that…
It/That was … 过去完成时
the last
在上面结构中，主句是is，定语从句用现在完成时；主句是was, 定语从句用过去完成时。如：
It is the first time that I have left home.
It was the first time that I had left home.
5. 在过去完成时中瞬间动词和延续性动词的要求同现在完成时，如：
The motor-bike that he had bought for two years was stolen the night before. (误)
鯰he motor-bike that he had had for two years was stolen the night before. (正)
He had joined the army for three years before he went to college. (误)
鯤e had been in the army for three years before he went to college. (正)
6. 在原本打算，实际未做成的结构中，原本打算做的动作为过去完成时态。(过去的过去)常用动词有：had wanted, had thought, had hoped, had expected, had meant, had planned等。如：
We had hoped to catch the 9∶30 train, but found it was gone.
I had meant to join the party, but I was too busy in the office then.
He had wanted to help us, but couldn't get here in time because of heavy traffic.
7. 过去完成时在下列句型中的使用：
It had been+ 时间+ since… 如：
My brother returned home yesterday. He had been away from home for two years.
鯩y brother returned home yesterday. It had been two years since he left home.
或 It was two years since he had left home.
而It was two years since he left home是错误的。
Grandma said that it had been fifty years since they arrived in the U. S. A.
或Grandma said that it was fifty years since they had arrived in the U. S. A.
现在完成时也用于此句型，两种时态在这个句型中的使用归纳如下：
It has been + 时间+ since…过去时…
It is + 时间+ since…过去时…
It had been + 时间+ since…过去时…
It was + 时间+ since…过去完成时…
8. 过去完成时在时间、条件状语从句中代替would/should have done. 即过去将来完成时，当主句为过去将来时的时候。如：
John told me that when he had finished his job, he would join us in picnic.
The experiment showed that once it had been frozen, it would not be smelt.
(九)现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成进行时由have(has)been+ 现在分词构成，表示从过去某一时刻开始到现在，一直在进行的动作，可能刚刚终止，也可能继续下去，强调动作的延续性，有些词如：work, study, live, teach等，用现在完成进行时与用现在完成时意思差不多，如：
I have taught here for ten years.
I have been teaching here for ten years.
但多数情况下两个时态意思不同，现在完成时强调动作的完成(结果)或者表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，而现在完成时则强调动作的延续性，并无对事情总结的含义。一般不和already, yet, never, ever, just等这样的时间状语连用。如：
I have been waiting for his reply for more than three months(动作延续性)，but I haven't heard from him yet. (结果)
He has been writing a story since last night. (动作)
He has already completed his story. (结果)
My shoe has been pressing against my foot.
我的鞋一直挤脚。
--Why do you look worried?
--I have been waiting here for half an hour, but he doesn't appear.
It has been raining for about two hours.
但是在否定结构中一般用现在完成时。对比：
I have been writing the story since last Sunday.
I haven't written any story since last Sunday.
(十)过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时的构成由had been+ 现在分词，其用法与现在完成进行时相同，只是用于过去的场合，从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去的另一个时间，可能刚刚结束，也可能继续延续，如：
1)It had been raining since early morning. They had to stay at home.
2)Paula showed me the story that she had been writing.
篇16：英语语法时态教案
英语语法时态教案
小学六年级英语语法复习课教案 一、教学目标： 1、知识目标：复习巩固动词的三种时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时。 2、能力目标：能正确运用不同的时态说句子，锻炼学生的综合语言运用能力。 3、情感目标：培养学生在活动中的'合作精神，让学生在活动中体验成功。 二、教学重难点： 能正确区分三种时态的正确用法以及能够在实际生活中灵活运用。 三、板书设计： （一般现在时） （一般过去时） （一般将来时） usually yesterday tomorrow (一)I usually read books. (last night/last weekend ) (tonight/this weekend) sometimes play … went (一)be going to动原 (二)You … watch TV . (特殊) bought I am going to swim… （复）They often … was … You are going to … (三) (单)He/She goes… (一般) watched They are going to … Plays… rowed… He/She is going to … 四、教学过程： （二）will动原 Step1 : Review the present indefinite tense(一般现在时) T : Today Let’s review something that we’ve learned . You know I usually read books at home . Sometimes I play with my son .(板书)Now I want to know what do you usually do at home ? S1/S2/S3 : I usually …(生答，师板书) T : What does your mother/father usually do at home ? S1/S2/S3 : My mother/father usually… at home . (生答，师板书并用红笔标出动词的三单形式) T : what do they often do in the evening ? S1/S2/S3 : They often …in the evening . (生答，师板书) T : Let’s read these sentences . S : T : Who can make a summary about this part ? Why do the verbs plus “s” or “es” ? （生小结一般现在时） T : Ok, now Let’s ask your partner and finish the chart, then tell us in class . Name Activity(at home) Step2 : Review the past indefinite tense (一般过去时) T：Yesterday I went to Tangshan. I bought some food and clothes for my son . then I rowed a boat . I was very happy .(板书动词过去式)Who can tell me what did you do yesterday /last night /last weekend? S1/S2/S3 : I watched TV yesterday . (分类板书动词过去式) T : Please read after me . Who can make a summary about this part . (生小结一般过去时) T: Ok, now Let’s ask your partner and finish the chart, then tell us in class . Name Time Yesterday Last night Last weekend Step3 : Review the future indefinite tense (一般将来时) T : Listen to me. I feel very hot . I am going to swim in the swimming pool tomorrow. Suppose tomorrow is Sunday .What are you going to do tomorrow ? S1/S2/S3 : I am going to …tomorrow .(板书) T : What is your father/mother going to do this weekend? S1/S2/S3 : My father/mother is going to…this weekend. (板书) T: What are they going to do this weekend ? S1/S2/S3 : They are going to …this weekend . (板书) T : Who can make a summary about this part .(师板书：be going to动原) (生小结一般将来时) T: Ok, now Let’s ask your partner and finish the chart, then tell us in class . Name Time Tomorrow This weekend This summer holiday T : (做补充)“will”在一般情况下可替换“be going to” 例如： I am going toswim tomorrow . 可写成：I will swim tomorrow. Step4 :综合练习1、Make dialogues(编对话) A: What do you usually do …? B: I usually … A: What did you do …? B: I … A: What are you going to do…? B: I am going to… 2、Exercises paper: 3、Comprehension(阅读理解) Step5 :结束课堂教学篇17：英语语法时态知识点
英语语法时态复习知识点
1. 一般现在时
①表示客观事实或普通真理(不受时态限制)
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
Water boils at 100°C.
②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
Ice feels cold.
We always care for each other and help each other.
③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如：
I know what you mean.
Smith owns a car and a house.
All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.
④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。
⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。
The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.
Tomorrow is Wednesday.
2. 一般过去时
①一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示);用于表达过去的习惯;表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如：
I met her in the street yesterday.
I once saw the famous star here.
They never drank wine.
I thought the film would be interesting,but it isn’t.
②如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如：
He told me he read an interesting novel last night.
③表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。
The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.
He bought a watch but lost it.
④常用一般过去时的句型：
Why didn’t you / I think of that?
I didn’t notice it.
I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.
I didn’t recognize him.
英语完形填空复习试题
It was a freezing day, when I picked up a wallet in the street. There was nothing 1 but a letter that was 2 Hellen. On the torn 3 I found the return address, so I called information. The operator asked me to 4 on, and she came back on the 5 soon, she told me that Hellenes family had 6 their house years ago. Hellen had to 7 her mother in a nursing home.
I called and found out that Hellenes mother had 8 , The woman who answered 9 that Hellen herself was 10 living here.
The director waited for me at the 11 of the nursing home. I went up to the third floor. Hellen was an old woman with a warm smile and 12 eyes. I told her about finding the wallet and showed her the letter. She took a deep 13 “Young man,” she said, “this was the 14 letter I had written to Mike 60 years ago. I loved him very much. I guess no one ever 15 up to him. I still think of him…”
I thanked Hellen and came back to the director. His secretary looked at the wallet 16 and said, “Hey, that’s Mr. Goldstein’s. He’s always losing it. He’s 17 here on the 8th floor. That’s his wallet, for 18 .”
We hurried to him and asked 19 he had lost his wallet. Mike felt his back pocket and then said. “Goodness, it’s missing.”
When I returned him the wallet and told him where Hellen was, he grew 20 . “When the letter came,” He said, “my life ended. I never married.”
We took him to Helen’s room. They stood, looked at each other for a minute and embraced (拥抱).
1. A. on B. here C. inside D. outside
2. A. sent for B. written to C. given D. signed
3. A. letter B. envelope C. wallet D. back
4. A. hold B. keep C. put D. go
5. A. way B. floor C. line D. car
6. A. bought B. sold C. moved D. built
7. A. carry B. place C. drive D. bury
8. A. left B. returned C. stayed D. died
9. A. explained B. thought C. discovered D. considered
10. A. again B. still C. now D. then
11. A. door B. house C. office D. wall
12. A. bursting B. freezing C. friendly D. lively
13. A. dive B. sight C. how D. breath
14. A. important B. oldest C. first D. last
15. A. went B. matched C. caught D. measured
16. A. immediately B. clearly C. closely D. exactly
17. A. also B. over C. right D. still
18. A. sure B. pleasure C. help D. interest
19. A. that B. if C. where D. when
20. A. nervous B. silent C. pale D. anxious
参考答案：1~5 CDBAC 6~10 BBDAB 11~15 ACDDB 16~20 C高考英语语法时态复习知识点BC
英语常见单词
stamp邮票
envelope信封
package / parcel 包裹
overweight 超重
extra postage 额外邮资
send / post / deliver a letter / mail 寄 /发信
express mail 快件
airmail 航空信件
surface mail 陆地邮寄
open an account 开一个帐户
篇18：英语语法：时态形式
定义：动词以一定的词形变化形式来表达事物之动作或状态的`时间性者称为时态（Tense），英语的时态形式(Forms Of The Tenses)。
词形变化的形式共有如下四种：
1．一般式（Simple Form）
2．进行式（Progressive Form）
3．完成式（Perfect Form）
4．完成进行式（Perfect Progressive Form）
动作或状态的时间性则可分为如下三个时段：
1．现在（Present）
2．过去（Past）
3．将来（Future）
这四种词形形式和三个时段可以配合成如下的十二种动词的时态。
这十二种时态可以列表如下：
现以“I”为主语，“do”为动词，把这十二种时态以实例表达如下：（例序即为时态的次序）
1．I do it every day.
（我每天做这样的事。）
2．I did it yesterday.
（昨天我做了这件事。）
3．I shall/will do it tomorrow.
（明天我要做这件事。）
4．I am doing it now.
（现在我正在做这件事。）
5．I was doing it at that time.
（当时我正在做这件事。）
6．I shall/will be doing it at 9：00 tomorrow morning.
（明天早晨九时我会正在做这件事，英语方法《英语的时态形式(Forms Of The Tenses)》。）
7．I have done it already.
（我已把这件事做好了。）
8．I have done it before I went home yesterday.
（昨天我在回家之前就把那件工作做完了。）
9．I shall/will have done it before you come back tomorrow.
（明天在我回来之前我会把这件工作做好。）
10．I have been doing it for two days.
（这件工作我已做了两天了。──说话时工作尚未做完，所以还得继续做。）
11．I had been doing the work for two hours when the teacher came.
（老师来时那件工作我已做了两小时了。──当时工作尚未完成，所以老师来了我还继续在做。）
12．I shall/will have been doing it for an hour when you come to see me at 9：00 tomorrow morning.
（明天早上九时你来看我时，我会在做那件工作做了一小时。──当然尚未能做完，还得继续做下去。）
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