下面是小编收集整理的初中生重点英语语法总结，本文共15篇，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
篇1：初中生重点英语语法总结
初中生重点英语语法归纳
名词：所有事物的名称
1，名词的种类：
专有名词：首字母大写(山脉，河流，国家等)China
普通名词：首字母不大写(普通的事物的名称)desk ，pen
2，名词的数：
可数名词：可以数的名词(有单复数)ruler，pen，pencil
不可数名词：不可以数的名词(没有单复数)bread，meat，water，
可数名词变化规则
1，一般加s，例如：pen---pens
2，以s，sh，ch，x结尾加es，例如：bus—buses，brush—brushes，watch—watches，box—boxes
3，以辅音字母加y结尾，去掉y为I 加es 例如：baby---babies
4，以f，fe 结尾，去掉f，fe 加ves life---lives， leaf---leaves
5，以有生命的o 结尾加es 例如：hero---heroes，tomato---tomatoes，potato---potatoes，mango---mangoes
6，复合名词遇见man，woman两个词时，两个名词都要加复数
A man teacher---two men teachers
不规则的变化
Is，am----are， his，her，its----their，does---do，has---have，his，hers，its---theirs，
Isn’t ---aren’t ， I ---we， you---you，me---us，he，she，it---they，him，her，it---them，
Your---your，yours---yours，my---our，mine---ours，that---those，this---these，fish—fish，sheep---sheep，deer---deer，Chinese---Chinese， Japanese---Japanese，man---men，woman—women，tooth---teeth，foot---feet，mouse---mice
单数句变成复数句
This is my book--- These are our books
不可数名词的量化
A cup of 一杯。。。，a glass of 。。。一玻璃杯，a tin of 。。。一听。。。，a can of 。。。一罐。。。，
A box of 。。。一盒子。。。，a bag of 。。。 一包。。。，a bar of 。。。一条。。，a piece of 。。。一片。。。
例如：I have a cup of water 我有一杯水 I have two cups of water 我有两杯水
I have a box of apples 我有一箱苹果，I have two boxes of apples 我有两箱苹果
名词所有格：
人：名词+‘s 或者 名词s +’例如：Tom’s bag， Teachers’ desks
物：名词+of +名词 例如：a bag of my school
双重所有格：s’+of a friend of my father’s
Lily and Lucy’s room 丽丽和露西的房间(共有的)
Lily’s and Lucy’s rooms 丽丽和露西的房间(各自有的)
介词和时间的搭配：
at at 点时间， at 7:00 在七点 on 具体日期 on Monday 在星期一 in 年，季节，世纪 in ， in July， in this century 介词和地点的搭配 At 具体的地点： at the airport 在机场，at the doctor’s 在医院 On 在平面上，on the farm 在农场上 In 在。。。里面， in the park 在公园里，in Guiyang，在贵阳 There be 句型：某地有某物，(就近原则) There is a pen and two pencils =There are two pencils and a pen Ask 。。。about 询问关于 I ask you about my school我询问你关于我的学校 Ask 。。。for 向。。。要。。。 I ask you for some books 我向你要一些书 Thanks for sth 谢谢某物 Thanks for your book 谢谢你的书 Thanks for doing sth 谢谢做某事，Thanks for giving me a book 谢谢你给我一本书 句型转换 肯定句----否定句 有be，be后加not，有情(can)，情后加not，没be 和情时，don’t ，doesn’t 来充数，位置放在动词前，动词还原要牢记，doesn’t 跟着他，她，它。 He is happy ---He is not happy He can run---He can’t run He likes apples ---He doesn’t like apples I like bananas ---I don’t like bananas 肯定句---一般疑问句 有be，be 句首，有情(can)，情句首，没be 和情时，Do，Does 放句首，动词还原要牢记，Does 跟着他，她，它 He is happy---Is he happy? He can run ---Can he run ? He likes apples ----Does he like apples ? I like bananas ---Do you like bananas ? Be动词的搭配，am 跟我，are 跟你，单数is ，复数are ，is 跟着他，她，它 I am ，you are ，he is ，she is ，it is ，we are ，they are ，Tom is , Boys are 冠词的用法： 定冠词：the， 不定冠词：a，an 定冠词的用法： 特指：There is a pen on the desk那儿有一支钢笔在书桌上 2,文中第二次提起： I have a pen ，the pen is blue 我有一支钢笔，这支钢笔是蓝色的。 3，世界上独一无二的事物：The sun is red 太阳是红色的 4，在西洋乐器前，I can play the piano我能弹钢琴 5，在姓氏复数前，表示一家人 The Greens 格林一家 6，形容词前，表示一类事物， The young are happy年亲人很开心 7，形容词的最高级： He is the tallest boy 他是最高的男孩 8，序数词前：The second boy is Peter 第二个男孩是皮特 9，部分专有名词：The Great Wall 长城 不定冠词的用法 辅音用a，元音用an，可数单数才用它 A pen， an orange ， an apple ， an egg ， an ice cream ，an umbrella ，a useful book ，a“u”，an “F”，an“L”，an“M”，an“N”，an“x”，an“s” 不用冠词： 1，一日三餐前： I have lunch 我吃中餐 2，球类，棋类， I play chess 我下象棋， Iplayfootball我踢足球 3，星期 I go to school on Monday 我在星期一去上学 4，月份： Children’s Day is in June儿童节在六月 5，年份 He was born in他出生于 6，节日前： On Teachers’ Day 在教师节 7，学科前：I have math class 我上数学课 8，语言：I speak English well 我说英语很好 代词： 人称代词： 主格：I you he she it they we 我 你/你们 他 她 它 他们/她们/它们 我们 宾格：me you him her it them us 位置：主在前，宾在后，介词，动词在中间 I like apples 我喜欢苹果 My teacher likes me 我的老师喜欢我 物主代词： 形容词性物主代词：my your his her its our their 我的 你的/你们的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 他们的 名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours theirs 位置：形物放在名词前，名物放在动两边 My book is here 我的书在这里 Mine is good 我的很好 I like yours 我喜欢你的 Many 和much 的区别 I have many books 我有许多书(可数名词复数) I have much water我有许多水(不可数名词) How much is the book?这本书多少钱?(价钱) Some和any 的区别 I have some books 我有一些书(肯定句) Do you have any books ?你有书吗?(疑问句) Idon’t have any books 我没有书(否定句) Can I have some water ?我能喝些水吗?(请求) 数词 序数词：first，second ，third (有顺序的数词) 基数词：one ，two，three(基本的数字的词语) 基数词---序数词： One---first，two---second ，three---third，four---fourth，five---fifth，eight---eighth，nine---ninth Twelve---twelfth，twenty---twentieth，twenty—one---twenty-first 基数词+名词复数： I have two books 我有两本书 序数词+名词单数：He is the third boy 他是第三个男孩 1.找到一个好的语法老师是确保你理解一门语言基本语法的好方法之一。寻求有资格教你的人的帮助。但如果要花大价钱的话，那就完全没有必要了。在如今网络如此发达的情况下，网络上已经有很多相当优秀的老师分享的免费课程可供你学习。 2.广泛阅读语法书。语言是在不断发展和变化的，英语的语法规则并不是一成不变的。有许多不同风格的语法书籍，以不同的方式讲解英语语法，多阅读一些不同风格的语法书是很好的语法学习方式。它们从不同的层面让你更好地了解语法的基本原理，并告诉你语言的适应性和它的灵活性。 3.查找在线资源。随着网络越来越发达，网络上有大量可靠的语法课程。 4.口碑超好经典语法课程: 中文： 1)赖世雄 经典语法(音频) 2)谢孟媛 初级文法+中级文法(50个G语法详解视频课程) 3)张满胜 英语语法新思维教程(初、中、高) 4)旋元佑 英语魔法师之语法俱乐部+进阶语法 1.着重学习易混淆词之间的区别 英语有很多单词声音或拼写相同，含义却很不相同。这些同形异义词，同音异义词，同形异音词和同音异形词非常容易混淆，并导致常见的错误。记住这些常见的错误可以帮助你避免经常犯错误。 易混淆词举例： too(太;也;很;非常)和to(介词:到;向，朝着;关于;属于)和two(基数词2) then(然后;当时)和than(用于比较) lie(意思是在水平位置)和lay(这意味着放置在水平位置的东西)。 farther(与物理距离)和further(更进一步) it’s(it is的缩写)和its(所有格代词) they’re(they are的缩写)和their(所有格代词),there(表示地点的副词) you’re(you are的缩写)和your(所有格代词) 2.正确使用标点符号 标点符号是语言的重要组成部分,它标明了句子的开始,停止,暂停,和句与语之间的关系。不正确的标点符号可能导致你所传达的意思混淆或不能被理解。英语中有许多与标点符号有关的错误，如逗号：在一个长句里的独立从句之间没有合适的连词时也没有使用逗号。 3.多使用主动语态 在一个主动句中，主体是执行行动的事物;在被动句中，主体受到外力的作用。虽然被动语态没有什么错，但它容易使表达不清晰。因此，你应该多使用主动语态。当然使用被动语态也是可以接受的，特别是要强调某些事情时。例如，考虑一下这些主动句和被动句是如何强调句子的不同成分的： 主动句“我付了账单”强调的是做了什么。 被动句“账单是我支付”的重点放在谁付了账单。 4.正确使用反身代词。 反身代词有myself, yourself, himself,herself,itself, ourselves, yourselves和 themselves。这些代词可以用来表指代或强调。反身代词仅作为句子中的宾语。如果将反身代词从句子中删除并不影响句子的含义，那这里的反身代词起得就是强调作用。如果删除反身代词会影响句子完整的意思，那它起的就是指代作用。 指代：“I pinched myself to see if I was dreaming.” 强调：“She individually picked each gift herself.” 指代：“He asked himself how he’d feel in that situation.” 强调：“I myself don’t know how I’d react.” 初一英语语法重点总结 时态 1、一般现在时表示普遍、经常性的`或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有： Be动词： She’saworker.Issheaworker?Sheisn’taworker. 情态动词： Icanplaythepiano.Canyouplaythepiano?Ican’tplaythepiano. 行为动词： Theywanttoeatsometomatoes.Dotheywanttoeatanytomatoes?Theydon’twanttoeatanytomatoes. Ginahasanicewatch.DoesGinahaveanicewatch?Ginadoesn’thaveawatch. 2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sbbev-ingsth+其它. I’mplayingbaseball.Areyouplayingbaseball?I’mnotplayingbaseball. Nancyiswritingaletter.IsNancywritingaletter?Nancyisn’twritingaletter. They’relisteningtothepopmusic.Aretheylisteningthepopmusic?Theyaren’tlisteningtothepopmusic. 一、主句和从句的助于保持一致，称为分词作状语。 (1)条件：状语从句，前后主语一致 (2)形式：分词作状语在句首+分词作状语在句后 (3)省略方式：省略从句的主语，关系词(可保留)+动词形式变化(主动语态-ing/被动语态-ed) (一)时间状语从句：when、after、as soon as eg. When the mouse saw the cat, it ran off = (when) Seeing the cat , the mouse ran off. (二)原因状语从句 eg. As she was very weak, she couldn’t move. = Being very weak , she couldn’t move. (三)条件状语从句 eg. If you work hard, you will succeed. = Working hard , you will succeed. eg. If we are united, we stand; if we divided, we fall. = United, we stand; divided, we fall. (四)让步状语从句 eg. Although he lived miles away, he attended the course. = Although living miles away=Living miles away (五)伴随状语从句 eg. He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. eg. He came in, followed by his wife. (六)方式状语从句 eg. He came as we expected. =He came as (he was) expected. (七)结果状语从句 eg. He fired and killed one of the passers-by. = He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 若前后主语不一致，则成为独立主格结构。 1、构成：分词短语的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致。独立结构只能作状语，多用于书面语言。 (1)名词/代词+分词(现在分词&过去分词) eg. The boy ran quickly, his father following.(表伴随情况，父亲主动跟随) eg. He lay on his back, his hands acrossed under his head.(one’s hands be acrossed) (2)名词/代词+形容词 eg. They started home, theirs minds full of plans for increasing production. eg. He was silent for a moment, his lips tight. (3)名词/代词+副词 eg. He put on his socks, wrong side out.(表示补充说明) eg. The war over, all the Chinese people’s volunteers came back to China. (4)名词/代词+介词(短语) eg. She came in, a baby in her arms. eg. He went off, gun in hand. 2、句中的作用 (1)表示时间 eg. His homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play. = After his homework was done, he decided to go and see the play. (2)表示原因 eg. The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. =Because the last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (3)表示原因 eg. (with) Weather permitting, we’ll go for outing tomorrow. =If weather permitting, we’ll go for outing tomorrow. (4)表示伴随情况 eg. They walked though the forest, (with) an old hunter leading the way. (5)表示补充说明 eg. He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one being a bedroom and the other being an office. =He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one was a bedroom, the other was an office. 3、独立主格的变化 在带有逻辑主语的分词及其短语前加“with” 虚拟语气 【1】if 引导的虚拟语气(与事实相反，过去&现在&将来) if—如果(可能发生&不可能发生) If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.(主将从现) (1)表示与过去事实相反时，从句中应使用had+过去分词，主句中用would，could，might +have+过去分词 eg. If you had got there earlier, you would have caught the bus. (2)表示与现在事实相反时，从句中所有的be都有were，动词都要用过去式，主句中用would，could，might +动词原形 eg. If there were no air, people would die. eg. If I had wings, I would fly over the sea to see you. (3)表示与将来事实相反时，从句中be变成were，动词变成should+动词原形，主句中用would，could，might +动词原形 eg. If it were Sunday tomorrow, we would not have an examination. 错综虚拟语气：eg. If you had followed my advice yesterday, you would know how to do it now. 倒装形式的虚拟语气：从句中出现助动词do或were，可以将if省略，将do或were提前 eg. Had you got there earlier yesterday(=if you had got…), you could have caught the bus. eg. Were I you(=if I were you), I would help him. 【2】馒头面条原理 当句子中出现建议、命令、要求这三个单词的时候，不管它是什么词性，也不管其后接何种从句，从句中的动词都应使用should+动词原形，should可以省略。 注：虽为虚拟语气的一种用法，但后面的句子并不表示与事实相反。 常见表示建议、命令、要求的单词：advice, suggest, propose, recommend; order, command; demand, require, insist, urge eg. He suggested that we (should) go to tomorrow’s exhibition together. eg. Mike’s uncle insisted that he (should) not live in this hotel. 注：suggest表“表明”义时不使用虚拟语气。 eg. Her face suggested that she was ill. So I suggested that she (should) be sent to the nearest hospital immediately. 【3】固定句型 1、It is time that ... It is time that sb. did sth.早该做某事了 It is (high/about) time that… eg. It is time that you worked hard on English. eg. It is already 5 o’clock now, don’t you think it is time we went home? eg. I think it is high time that she made up her mind. 2、Would rather that ..... 只要是与现在或过去相反，从句中be动词变成were，动词变为过去式。如果与过去相反，则用had+过去分词。 eg. I would rather he came tomorrow than today. eg.John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening. eg. I would rather everything hadn' t happened in the past. 3、“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that+ (should) do……”结构中的虚拟语气 eg. It is necessary that we (should)have a walk now. eg. It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time. eg. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here. eg. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand the rule of school. 4、as if，wish等后使用虚拟语气 Although it is summer, it seems as if it were spring. He wished we would go there with him. (wish表示不可能实现的愿望，hope表示可以实现的愿望) 倒装 全部倒装:主谓宾构成了正常的语序，把谓语动词提到了动词的前面，谓语动词直接发生在主语之前，那么就是全部倒装。 1、当首句为方位或时间副词，谓语动词为go，come等时通常用全部倒装。如果是进行时态的话，倒装后要改为一般现在时。 eg. The bus is coming here. Here comes the bus. 进行时态在变为倒装的时候要变为一般现在时。 eg. Students went away. Away went students. eg. The boy rushed out. Out rushed the boy. here/away/out/ 在英语当中称作方位副词或时间副词。 eg. Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 方位副词或时间副词置于句首 2、如果句首出现了地点状语，句子也可以进行全部倒装。 eg. The old man lives in the city center. In the city center lives the old man. eg. A temple stands on the mountain. On the mountain stands a temple. 3、当句子当中出现分词结构的时候，可以把现在分词或过去分词和地点状语联系在一起放在句首，把be 动词留在中间当作谓语动词，主语放在后面。 eg. Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 18. On the floor lies a boy aged about 18. eg. Sitted on the ground are a group of young people. eg. 访问北京的是300名日本青年。/ 300名日本青年正在访问北京。 300 Japanese young people are visiting Beijing. Visiting Beijing are 300 Japanese young people. 部分倒装：主谓宾保持原来的形式，谓语动词的助动词放到主语的前面。 1、当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，这个句子就需要部分倒装 这类词语有hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, never, few, little, less, at no time, by no means, in no case, under no circumstance, in no way, on no account, on no consideration, no longer, not only等。 eg. He never smokes. 他从来不抽烟。Never does he smoke. eg. Not only did the customer complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it. 这位顾客不仅仅 抱怨食物不好，还拒绝付费。 eg. Under no circumstance do I trust you.在任何情况下我都不会相信你。 2、当句首为only加状语的时候，这个句子需要部分倒装。 eg. Only with you can I feel happy. eg. Only when you come, can we start the meeting. 只有当你来了这，我们才可以开始会议。 3、so......that 结构中的so位于句首时，常引起部分倒装 eg. He runs so fast that I can't catch up with him. 他跑得实在是太快了，以致于我都没有办法追上他。 So fast does he run that I can't catch up with him. eg. The moon was so bright that the flowers bright as by day. 皓月当空，花朵就像白天那样的鲜艳。 So bright was the moon that the flowers bright as by day. 4、句子开头的as 处在第二个单词的位置上，表示虽然的意思。(表让步) eg. Although I am young, I can live by myself. 虽然我很小但是我却能养活自己了。 Young as I am, I can live by myself. eg. Although she is a girl, she can support the whole family. 虽然她是个女孩，但是她却可以养活整个家庭的人。 Girl as she is, she can support the whole family. eg. Although I like music very much,.... Much as I like music,..... 5、常见的固定搭配结构中需要用倒装的情况。 (1)hardly/ scarcely.....when.... 一......就...... hardly，scarcely 后面一定要用过去完成时，when 后面用一般过去时。 eg. Hardly had he seen me when he ran away. 他一看到我就跑开了。 eg. Hardly had the baby cried when his mother rushed to carry him. 婴儿一哭，他妈妈就跑去抱他。 (2)no sooner....than..... 一......就...... no sooner 后面一定要用过去完成时，than 的后面用一般过去时。 eg. No sooner had they reached home than it rained more and more heavily. 他们一到家，雨就越下越大起来。 (3)the more ......the more... 越....越.... eg. The harder you work, the happier you feel. 你工作越努力，就越觉得快乐。 总结：倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装。 全部倒装： ①当首句为方位或时间副词，谓语动词为go，come等时通常用全部倒装。 ② 如果句首出现了地点状语，句子也可以进行全部倒装。 ③ 当句子当中出现分词结构的时候，可以把现在分词或过去分词和地点状语联系在一起放在句首， 把be 动词留在中间当作谓语动词，主语放在后面。 部分倒装： 1、当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，这个句子就需要部分倒装 。 2、当句首为only加状语的时候，这个句子需要部分倒装。 3、so......that 结构中的so位于句首时，常引起部分倒装 。 4、句子开头的as 处在第二个单词的位置上，表示虽然的意思。 5、常见的固定搭配结构中需要用倒装的情况。 hardly.....when....; scarcely .....when..... ;no sooner....than.....： hardly，scarcely，no sooner 后面一定要用过去完成时，when 后面用一般过去时;the more ......the more... 越....越.... ; 否定： eg. All the birds can not fly. Not all the birds can fly. 不是所有的鸟都会飞。 1. 部分否定 eg. All the birds can not fly. 并非所有的鸟都会飞。 None of the birds can fly. 所有的鸟都不会飞。 表示全部意思的代词或副词如all, both, every, everybody, every day, everyone, everything, everywhere等与not搭配使用时，无论not在前还是在后，都表示部分否定，意思为“并非都是“等。 eg. All is not gold that glitters. = Not all is gold that glitters. 发光的并非都是金子。 2. 全部否定 英语中常用not, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, neither, never等表示全部否定的概念。 eg. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 双重否定： 1.在一个句子中出现两个否定词：not, never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, few, little, none等，双重否定表示肯定的概念。 eg. No one can command others who cannot command himself. A person can command others who command himself. 正人先正己。 eg. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they can not fully participate in our democracy. 如果没有能力进行批判性思维，维护自己的观点，并理解他人的观点，他们就不能充分的参与我们的民主政治中来。 2.形式否定，意义肯定 eg. A man can never have too many ties. 一个男人可以拥有很多的领带。 A woman can never have too many dresses. 一个女人拥有再多的衣服也不为过。 eg. We can hardly praise his achievement too much. 对他的成就我们无论怎样赞扬也不过分。 eg. A mother can never be patient enough with her child. 一个母亲对她的孩子再怎么耐心也不为过。 A teacher can never be strict enough with his students. 一个老师对他的学生再怎么严格也不为过。 3. 形式肯定，意义否定 ①more A than B 意思为“A不是B;与其说是B，不如说是A” eg. The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar. 这本书看起来与其说是一本语法书，不如说是一本词典。 He is more a composer than a singer. 与其说他是一个歌唱家不如说他是一个创作者。 ② anything but 意思为“一点都不是，根本不是，绝对不是” eg. I am anything but a teacher. 我一定不是一个老师。 eg. I will do anything but that. 我决不干那件事。 ③ no more ...than 与 not more ....than no more ...than意为“两者都不....” not more....than 意为“两者都肯定，前者不如后者” eg. This book is no more interesting than that one. 这本书和那本书一样特别没趣。 eg. This book is not more interesting than that one. 这本书不如那本书有趣。 eg. This boy is not more honest than that one. 这两男孩都很诚实，前面的男孩不如后面的男孩诚实。 This boy is no more honest than that one. 这两个男孩都不诚实。 ④ no more than与 not more than no more than 强调“少”，译作“只有、不过、仅仅” not more than 是客观叙述，意为“不超过”。 eg. He said no more than we had expected. 他只是说了我们所预料的而已。 eg. Though they think it takes no more than three days to fulfill the mission, I believe it takes not less than six days. 虽然他们认为完成这任务只需三天，但我却认为至少需要六天。 eg. He has not more than five dollars on him. 他身上带的钱不超过五美元。 eg. He is not more than 10 years old. 他最多不超过10岁。 总结： 1. 部分否定 2. 全部否定 3. 双重否定：①在一个句子中出现两个否定词;②形式否定，意义肯定 4. 形式肯定，意义否定 5. no more .... than与 not more ....than ;no more than与 not more than 看过高级英语语法的人还看了： 1.薄冰 高级英语语法 2.“高级英语”题型分析与解题思路 3.薄冰 高级英语语法 4.薄冰实用英语语法详解介绍 1、关联词不能省略 2、从句用陈述语序 常见引导词 what, when, where, why, whether, how, that, because, which, What surprised me most was that he spoke English so well. The question is how what you’ve said can be put into practice. The reason (why ) he didn’t come is that he was ill. It (This , That) is because iron contains more carbon than steel. 1、关联词不能省略 2、从句用陈述语序 从句的名词后接同位语 fact, idea, word，promise, saying，problem, news 常见引导词 that, whether, where, how, etc. The facts that he succeeded in the experiment pleased us. An idea came to her that she might do that in another way. Scientists have argued over the problem whether there is life on other planets. 一.定义: 在句中作状语的从句就叫做状语从句 二.分类: 状语从句包括以下八类 1.时间状语从句: 由when, while, as, before, after, since, till / until, as soon as等引导 a. I shall tell him the good news when he comes. 2.原因状语从句: 由because, as, since, for等引导 a. He didn’t hear me because he was listening to the radio. b. Since you are free today, you had better show me how to use the computer. 3.地点状语从句: 由where等引导 a. Please put the book where it was after you finish reading it. 4.条件状语从句: 由if, unless等引导 a. I will come to see you if I have time on Sunday. 5.比较或方式状语从句: 由than, as, as if, as...as...等引导 a. I know you do better than he does. b. The old worker runs very fast as if he were a young man. 6.目的状语从句: 由so that, in order that等引导 a. They set out early so that they could arrive at the station in good time. 7.结果状语从句: 由so, so that, so / such...that...等引导 a. They set out early so that they arrived at the station in good time. b. He finished his work so well that the boss praised him in public. 8.让步状语从句: 由though / although, even if, whatever, whoever, whenever, no matter what / who等引导 a. He is in very good health though he is old. b. They didn’t stop working even if it began to rain hard. 三.应注意的问题: 1.时间和条件状语从句中常用一般时代替将来时 a. I will go and see a film if I have time tomorrow. b. I will tell the about it as soon as he comes back. c. He said he would go out for a walk when he finished his work. 2.状语从句中可有省略: 在一个含有状语从句的复合句中, 如果主句和状语从句的主语相同, 或状语从句的主语是it, 并且状语从句的谓语含有be动词时, 可以将状语从句的主语和be一起省略掉 a. As (she was ) a child, she began to learn English. b. If ( he was ) alive, he must be at least ninety years old. c. Although ( he was ) told to stop, he kept on working. d. If ( it is) necessary, ring me up. e. He didn’t say a single word until ( he was ) asked. 3.as和than引导的比较状语从句中, 从句中和主句中相同的部分往往省略, 从句中只剩下比较对象 a. He is a head taller than I ( am tall ). than之后的人称代词是主格或宾格时, 有时意思不同, 如: a. She likes the dog more than me.=She likes the dog more than she likes me.她喜欢狗比喜欢我更多 b. She likes the dog more than I.=She likes the dog more than I like the god. 她比我更喜欢狗 4.含有no sooner…than…和hardly / barely / scarcely …when…的句子相当于含有as soon as…引导的时间状语的句子. no sooner或 hardly放在句首时, 主谓要部分倒装 a. He had no sooner seen the policeman than he ran away. =No sooner had he seen the policeman than he ran away. =He ran away as soon as he saw the policemen. b. He had hardly sat down when the telephone rang. =Hardly had he sat down when the telephone rang. =The telephone rang as soon as he sat down. 5.immediately, directly, instantly等词也可以作为连词引导时间状语从句, 相当于as soon as引导的时间状语 a. I went to see him immediately I heard from him. =I went to see him as soon as I heard from him. 6.the moment, the minute, the second引导时间状语从句, 相当于as soon as引导的时间状语 a. He let out a cry the moment he saw the snake.=He let out a cry as soon as he saw the snake. 7.each time, every time, any time, last time, next time, first time可以引导时间状语从句 a. They shake hands with each other each time they meet. 8.since引导的时间状语从句中, 若谓语动词是延续性动词或状态动词, 则其过去时表示动作的完成或状态的结束 a. It is five years since he lived here. 他不住这里己有五年了 a. They shake hands with each other each time they meet. 8.since引导的时间状语从句中, 若谓语动词是延续性动词或状态动词, 则其过去时表示动作的完成或状态的结束 a. It is five years since he lived here. 他不住这里己有五年了 关系代词引导的定语从句 一.关系代词的用法: 关系代词指代先行词 在定语从句中作主语 在定语从句中作动词的宾语或者介词的宾语, 介词在后 指人 that / who that / who / whom 指物 that / which that / which 上表中黑框内的关系代词可以省略; 在口语及非正式文体中whom常被who所替代; 另外, 关系代词whose表示 “…(先行词)的” 二.示例: 1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语 a. Do you know the man that / who came to see Xiao Yang this morning ? b. This is a book that / which tells about space rocket. 2.关系代词在定语从句中作动词的宾语 a. The comrade ( that / who / whom ) they came to visit is a scientist. b. I will never forget the day ( that / which ) we spent in the countryside. 3.关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语, 介词在后 a. This is the house ( that / which ) he was born in. b. The person ( that / who / whom ) you should write to is Mr Ball. c. The man ( that / who / whom ) you talked with is our English teacher. 4.whose引导的定语从句 a. I know a lady whose husband is a Nobel Prize winner. b. The child whose mother died in the fire is now an engineer in our company. c. He is living in a house whose windows are painted white. 三.应注意的问题: 1.指物时, 关系代词只用that而不用which的情况: ①.先行词被最高级或the only, the very, the same等修饰时 a. This is the best play that was written by Jack. b. He is the only person that I can trust. ②.先行词被序数词或the last等词修饰时 a. This is the first car that arrived this morning. ③.先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词时或被不定代词all, any, no等修饰时 a. All the people that come from the country work much harder. b. This is all that I can tell you. ④.人+动物或事物共同作为先行词时 a. My father and Mr Brown talked of things and persons that they remembered for about an hour. ⑤.句中又有which作为疑问词出现时 a. Which is the train that goes to Beijing ? 2.关系代词who, which, that在定语从句中作主语时, 要注意定语从句中的主谓一致问题. 因为who / that / which指代先行词, 所以定语从句的谓语与先行词保持一致即可 a. I came to get the book that was left in the classroom. b. I came to get the books that were left in the classroom. 关系副词引导的定语从句 一.关系副词的用法: when在定语从句中作地点状语; where在定语从句中作地点状语; why在定语从句中作原因状语 二.示例: a. He was well at the time when I saw him. b. Let’s meet at the place where we met yesterday. c. This is the reason why I am in favor of the singer. 三.应注意的问题: 1.在某些表示时间的名词后的关系副词可省略, 这样的名词如: the time, every time, each time, the moment, the minute, the second等 (也有语法家认为是这些名词直接引导了时间状语从句) a. By the time ( when ) he was fourteen years old he had learned much English. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 一.说明: 关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 介词可以位于关系代词之前, 从而构成介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 二.这种定语从句中关系代词的用法: 在这种定语从句中, 关系代词只能用whom(指人)和which(指事物), 而不能使用that / who 三.示例: a. This is the house in which he was born. b. The person to whom you should write is Mr Ball. c. The man with whom you talked is our English teacher. d. The gentleman, with whose daughter I worked, looked down upon woman. 四.应注意的问题: 1.关系代词前的介词可以是单个介词, 也可以是短语介词或类似短语介词的词组 a. This is the house in which he was born. b. At five o’clock we reached the house, in front of which there is a big tree. c. At five o’clock we reached the mountain, at the foot of which lie some farmhouses. 2.根据表达的需要, 介词之前还可以有其他词, 从而构成“名词或代词+介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 a. I used to live in a small room, the window of which faces the street. b. At the gate stood a group of students, some of whom are girls. 3.介词若为短语动词中的介词, 则不可将介词拆开放在关系代词之前 a. This is the magazine which you are looking for.( for不能放在which之前) b. The child whom Aunt Li takes care of is ill.( of不能放在whom之前) 4.关系副词when / where / why常可与 “介词+关系代词”互换 a. Do you remember the days when we were in Beijing? ( =in which we were in Beijing ) b. Do you remember the park where we once played for a whole day?( =in which we once played for a whole day ) c. This is the reason why he was absent yesterday. (= for which he was absent ) 限定性与非限定性定语从句 一.两者的区别: 见下表 形式 作用 译法 限定性定语从句 无逗号与主句分开 修饰限定作用, 即不可缺少的定语 其译文常位于先行词之前, 并体现“的” 非限定性定语从句 有逗号与主句分开 附加、补充说明的作用, 若缺少它, 句意仍然完整 常将其译成一个和主句并列的分句 二.关系词的用法: 非限定性定语从句不能用that引导, 并且关系词在任何情况下都不能省略, 除此之外, 在关系词的使用上, 非限定性定语从句与限定性定语从句完全相同 三.示例: a. My book, which is very old, is on the table. b. President Kennedy, who had heard of King before, was interested to meet him. c. His father, who is working in Beijing, is an engineer. d. The house, where he was born, has been destroyed in the earthquake. e. Mr. Smith, with whom you just talked, is our English teacher. f. The gentleman, with whose daughter I worked, looked down upon woman. 四.应注意的问题: 1.as / which都可以引导一个非限定性定语从句, as / which是关系代词, 指代主句中所提到的某种情况, 它们的不同点是: ①.as引导的这种定语从句位置比较灵活, 可位于句首, 句中, 句尾; 但which引导的这种定语从句只能位于主句之后 ②. as还带有“正如, 正象”之意, 而which不含此意 a. The earth is like a ball, as everyone knows. b. As everyone knows, the earth is like a ball. c. They said they were French, which wasn’t true. 常见问题 一.定语从句还原法: 试题中有很多有关定语从句的, 这类题往往需选择引导词部分. 做好这类题的关键首先是要有这样的观念: 定语从句应有完整而合理的句子成分. 基于这一点, 我们可以用“还原法”来检验定语从句是否正确, 即把定语从句还原成为一个简单句. 具体做法是: ①.第一步: 替换. 将关系代词直接替换成先行词, 如果是关系副词, 先替换成介词+关系代词, 再将关系代词替换成先行词 ②.第二步: 调整, 即调整语序, 看能否构成一个合理的简单句 例如, 还原以下例句a中的定语从句的过程是: 先将that / which替换成先行词the park, 再调整语序, 就能得到一个合理的简单句: We visited the park last year. 再如, 还原以下例句b中的定语从句的过程是: 先将where替换成in which, 再将which替换成先行词the park, 再调整语序, 就得到一个合理的简单句: We once played for a whole day in the park. a. Do you remember the park that / which we visited last year? b. Do you remember the park where we once played for a whole day? c. Do you still remember the days that / which we spent together ? d. Do you still remember the days when we were together? 二.分隔定语从句: 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后, 但有时也被分隔开来, 在阅读时要注意根据定语从句所表达的意思来分辨先行词是什么 a. I was the only person in the office who was invited. b. He was the only one of the students who passed the GRE. ①.as引导的这种定语从句位置比较灵活, 可位于句首, 句中, 句尾; 但which引导的这种定语从句只能位于主句之后 ②. as还带有“正如, 正象”之意, 而which不含此意 a. The earth is like a ball, as everyone knows. b. As everyone knows, the earth is like a ball. c. They said they were French, which wasn’t true. 常见问题 一.定语从句还原法: 试题中有很多有关定语从句的, 这类题往往需选择引导词部分. 做好这类题的关键首先是要有这样的观念: 定语从句应有完整而合理的句子成分. 基于这一点, 我们可以用“还原法”来检验定语从句是否正确, 即把定语从句还原成为一个简单句. 具体做法是: ①.第一步: 替换. 将关系代词直接替换成先行词, 如果是关系副词, 先替换成介词+关系代词, 再将关系代词替换成先行词 ②.第二步: 调整, 即调整语序, 看能否构成一个合理的简单句 例如, 还原以下例句a中的定语从句的过程是: 先将that / which替换成先行词the park, 再调整语序, 就能得到一个合理的简单句: We visited the park last year. 再如, 还原以下例句b中的定语从句的过程是: 先将where替换成in which, 再将which替换成先行词the park, 再调整语序, 就得到一个合理的简单句: We once played for a whole day in the park. a. Do you remember the park that / which we visited last year? b. Do you remember the park where we once played for a whole day? c. Do you still remember the days that / which we spent together ? d. Do you still remember the days when we were together? 二.分隔定语从句: 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后, 但有时也被分隔开来, 在阅读时要注意根据定语从句所表达的意思来分辨先行词是什么 a. I was the only person in the office who was invited. b. He was the only one of the students who passed the GRE 概述 一.定义: 在句中的作用相当于一个名词的从句叫做名词性从句 二.分类: 名词性从句包括四类, 分别是: 主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句, 同位语从句 三.引导词: 名词从句的引导词包括连词that / if / whether, 连接代词who / whom / whose / what / which, 连接副词when / where / how / why, 另外还有: whatever, whichever, whoever等 主语从句 一.定义: 在句中充当主语的从句就是主语从句 二.示例: a. That he looked at me in that strange way puzzled me. b. Whether we can control the floods is still uncertain. c. What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world. d. When the broadcast station will be ready is unknown. e. Who made the long distance call to him is not important. f. Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. 三.应注意的问题: 1.以that引导主语从句时, 常用it作形式主语, 而把真正主语后移, 如在以下句型中就是如此: It is + adj / n + that...; It is said / reported / hoped that... a. It is certain that fuels like coal and oil cause a lot of pollution. b. It was said that only three people in the world could understand it at that time. 2.whether引导主语从句时, 常置于句首 (此时whether不能用if代替), 也有后移的用法 (此时whether可以用if代替) a. Whether they will come is not yet known. b. It is not yet known whether they will go there. 3.连接代词who, what, which和连接副词when, where, how, why引导主语从句时, 一般不后移 a. What I told you last night was really true. b. Which team will win the game is not yet known. c. How they went to the USA is still a puzzle. 宾语从句 一.定义: 在句中充当宾语的从句就是宾语从句. 谓语动词, 非谓语动词, 介词都可以带有宾语从句 二.示例: 1.谓语动词的宾语从句: a. They knew that the habit may kill them. b. She asked whether / if there were any chemist’s shops in this street. c. The teacher told them who first invented the television set. d. I want to know whose notebook is left on the table in the reading room. e. Can you tell me where the Great Pyramid is ? 2.非谓语动词的宾语从句: a. Having known what he had done in school, his father was very angry. 3.介词的宾语从句: a. They talked half an hour about what happened in the school. b. He is pleased with what we did yesterday. c. Leifeng always thought of how he can do more for the people. 三.应注意的问题: 1.句中有宾语从句且有宾补时, 通常用it作形式宾语, 而把宾语从句移到宾补后 a. We think it wrong that he didn’t help Tom. b. I feel it possible that you will finish the work in a day. 2.that从句一般不作介词的宾语, 但except等少数表示 “除外”的介词除外 a. I know nothing about him except that he lives next door. 3.关于主句和宾语从句的时态呼应: ①.如果主句是过去时, 宾语从句应是 “过去”范畴的某时态 a. He said he would fly to Egypt next day. b. He remembered that he had left her umbrella in the library. ②.如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或普遍现象, 可以保持 “现在”范畴时态, 而不与主句时态呼应 a. The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. ③.如果主句是一般现在时或一般将来时, 宾语从句根据情况选用所需要的时态 4.关于宾语从句的 “否定转移”: 主句的谓语动词为这些词( think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose, guess等)时, 宾语从句的否定转移到主句中去 a. I don’t think he will come. b. I don’t think there are living things on the moon. 表语从句 一.定义: 在句中充当表语的从句就是表语从句 二.示例: a. My idea is that we should help mother do house work every day. b. The question is whether we can catch the early bus. c. Nicotine! That’s what the smokers need. d. Ten years of hard work! That’s why I now look so old. 同位语从句 一.定义: 在一个名词或代词(如: news, fact, idea, hope, promise, problem, possibility等)后面, 对其作进一步的解释、说明的从句称为同位语从句 二.示例: a. I don’t know the fact that the fireman was killed in the fire. b. I have no idea when Jack will be back. c. He can’t answer the question how he got the money. d. There is no doubt that she is fit for the job. e. The news that our team has won the game is very exciting. f. I didn’t tell mother the fact that I met with an accident on my way home. 常见问题 一.that引导名词从句与定语从句的区别: 1.引导名词从句的that本身无词义, 只起引导作用, 在从句中并不充当任何句子成分; 而引导定语从句的that是关系代词, 有词义(指代先行词), 除了起引导作用之外, 还在从句中充当句子成分 2.引导宾语从句的that可省略, 引导其他名词从句的that一般不能省略; 而引导定语从句的that如果在定语从句中充当宾语, 也可以省略 a. I know that smoking does harm to people’s health. (宾语从句) b. The text tells me a fact that I have already known. (定语从句) c. The news that he had passed the examination made her parents very happy.(同位语从句) d. The news that he told me yesterday made me surprised.(定语从句) 二.which引导名词从句与定语从句的区别: which引导名词从句时, 其含义是 “哪一个, 哪一些”; which引导定语从句时, 指代先行词, 其含义就是先行词的意思 a. There are so many beautiful caps in the shop. I really don’t know which one I should choose.(宾语从句) b. I will never forget the days which we spent in the countryside. (定语从句) 三.that / what引导名词从句的区别: 引导名词从句时, that本身无词义, 只起引导作用, 在从句中也不充当任何句子成分; what有词义, what引导的名词从句的含义是 “…的事 / 物 (任何抽象的或具体的物) ”, what在从句中也充当一个成分 a. They knew that the habit may kill them. b. What he wanted to see (“他想看到的事”)was an end to all the armies of the world. c. Nicotine! That’s what the smokers need.(“抽烟者所需要的东西”) 四.引导名词从句时只用whether, 不用if的情况: 1.引导主语从句时: a. Whether the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. 2.引导表语从句时: a. The problem is whether we need it. 3.引导介词后的宾语从句时: a. He was worried about whether he passed the exam. 4.与or not连用时: a. It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 5.置于不定式之前时: a. I don’t know whether to go. 6.引导同位语从句时: a. The problem whether we’ll build another school hasn’t been settled. 五.名词从句的语序问题: 名词从句中都要使用陈述语序, 参看前文例句 2.引导表语从句时: a. The problem is whether we need it. 3.引导介词后的宾语从句时: a. He was worried about whether he passed the exam. 4.与or not连用时: a. It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 5.置于不定式之前时: a. I don’t know whether to go. 6.引导同位语从句时: a. The problem whether we’ll build another school hasn’t been settled 看过高三英语语法的人还看了： 1.高三英语语法复习资料 2.高三英语语法知识点 3.高中英语语法知识总结 4.高中英语语法知识点归纳总结 5.高考英语语法知识总结冠词 用一般过去时代替完成时 1) 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。 When she saw the mouse，she screamed. My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 2 ) 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。 When I heard the news, I was very excited. 3) 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。 Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 不用进行时的动词 1) 事实状态的动词 have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister. 语法部分是英语学习的重点和难点，语法知识掌握得好，将大大加快英语学习的进程。本文归纳了词法、九种基本时态以及初中生需要掌握五种基本从句。 一. 词法 1.名词 1.1 名词的可数与不可数 可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量，它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目，来统计，都成为不可数名词。 不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量，没有复数形式。要表示“一个……”这一概念，就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词，在英语里却不可数。如：chalk，paper，bread，rice，grass，news等。 1.2 名词复数的规则变化 A.一般情况下加-s。 B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es C.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es D.以f，fe结尾的，去掉f或fe，变成v再加-es 1.3 名词的所有格 A.单数名词词尾加’s，复数名词词尾若没有s，也要加’s。 如：the worker's bike，the Children’ s ball B.表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后’ s。 如： This is Lucy and Licy’ s room. These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms. C. 如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词，只加’。 如:the students’ books，the girls’ blouses (另外：名词+of+名词名词是有生命的，我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的，我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。) 2.代词： 人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，不定代词 2.1 人称代词 第一人称单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 2.2 物主代词 物主代词的用法： 形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词。 名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。 2.3 反身代词 反身代词的构成分两种：第一、二人称反身代词在形容词：性物主代词后加上self或selves，第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后加上self或selves. 反身代词的用法：一种是作宾语，由主语发出的动作又回到动作者本身。 如：I enjoyed myself at the party.另一种是作名词或代词的同位语;用来加强语气。如：I can do it myself. 2.4 指示代词 指示代词的特殊用法： (1)为了避免重复，可用that，those代替前面提到过的名词，但是this，these不可以。 (2)this，that有时可代替句子或句子中的一部分。 2.5 不定代词 one,some,any,other,another,all,both,each,neither,many,much等 3.冠词 3.1不定冠词an用在元音读音开头(不是指元音字母)的词前，其余用不定冠词a. 3.2 定冠词的基本用法 A.用在重新提到的人或事物前面。 B. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面。 C用在单数可数名词前面，表示某一类人或事物。 3.3 定冠词的特殊用法 A.用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前。 B. 用在序数词、形容词的最高级及only所修饰的名词前。 C用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前面。 D.用在由普通名词和另外一些词所构成的专有名词前面。 E.用在姓氏的复数形式前面，表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。 F.用在乐器名称前。 G. 和某些形容词连用，表示某一类人或事物。 3.4 名词前不用冠词的情况 A. 在专有名词 (包括人名、地名、节日、月份、季节) 、物质名词和抽象名词前—般不用冠词。但在以Festival组成的民间节日前要加the。 B. 表示一类人或事物的复数名词前。 C. 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词。 D. 三餐饭、球类、棋类、游戏名称前一般不用冠词。正在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同。 (sit) at table就餐; sit at the table坐在桌边 go to school去上学;go to the school去那所学校;in hospital住院;in the hospital在那个医院里 4.数词 4.1 数字的表示 三位数数词要在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and。 1，000以上的数字，从后向前第三位数加一个“，”，第一个“，”前为thousand，第二个“，”前为million，第三个“，”前为billion。 4.2 序数词除了first，second，third外，其余都在基数词尾加-th构成。 4.3分数分子在前，分母在后，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1小时，分母序数词要变成复数。 4.4 Hundreds(thousands，millions)of…… 5.形容词、副词 5.1 形容词的位置 (1)形容词作定语一般要放在名词前面，但当形容词修饰不定代词something，nothing，anything时要放在所修饰的不定代词之后。如：something important，nothing serious。 (2)当形容词带有表示度量的词或词组作定语或表语时，定语或表语要后置。如： We have dug a hole two meters deep. The hole is about two metres deep. 5.2 形容词的比较等级 (1) 单音节词和少数双音节词，在词尾加—(e)r，—(e)st来构成比较级和最高级。其他双音节 词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级。如： popular———more popular———most popular important—more important—most important 5.3 副词比较级的构成 (1) 单音节副词和个别双音节副词通过加-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。 (2) 绝大多数副词借助more，most来构成比较级和最高级。 (3) 少数副词的不规则变化： 原级 比较级 最高级 well —— better —— best badly —— worse —— worst much —— more —— most little —— less —— least far —— farther —— farthest farthest furthest late —— later —— latest (4) 副词的最高级前面可以不加定冠词the。 (5) 常用句型有like A better than B和like A(the)best of(in)… 其余变化和形容词类似。 6.介词 6.1 表示时间的介词及介词短语? in, at, on, before，after，till，since，for, fromto, until， by，in the middle of，at the beginning of， at the end of，at half past five，at night，in a week，in the morning，in class，at sunrise， in spring/summer/autumn/winter，on Sunday，on Saturday afternoon，on a winter evening，for a long time，for two months，after school，since liberation，before lunch，at the time of，at the age of。 6.2 表示地点的介词及介词短语? in，at，into，to，on，beside，before，behind，above，under，outside,inside,up,from,far,from,near,across， off， down， among， past，between，out of，around，in the front of， in the middle of， at the back of，at the foot of，at home，at the gate，at the table，in the sky， on the ground，in a tree， in the south，in the sun，in the bed，on one’s way home，by the side of。 二.九种基本时态 1.一般现在时 概念: 表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态。 常和 always , often , usually , sometimes , every day 等表时间的状语连用。 如：1) I go to school every day . 我每天都去学校。(表经常) 2) He is always like that . 他总是那样。 (表状态) 构成： 1) 主语 + be (am / are / is ) +…… 2) 主语 + 实义动词 + … 2.一般过去时 概念: 1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态. 常和表示过去的时间状语连用. 如: yesterday , last week , in , two days ago等. 如: I went to a movie yesterday. 我昨天去看了一场电影. 2) 也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作. 如: He always went to work by bike last week. 构成: 1) 主语 + be (was / were ) +…… 2) 主语 + 实义动词过去式 + 3.现在进行时 概念: 表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作. 如: He is singing. They are watching TV now. 构成: 主语 + 助动词be(am/are/is) + 动词-ing形式构成. 4.过去进行时 概念: 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作. 这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外,一般用时间状语来表示. 如: 1) ---What were you doing? ---I was jumping. 2) ---What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived? ---He was sleeping. 构成: 主语 + 助动词be(was/were) + 动词-ing形式构成. 5.一般将来时 概念: 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如: tomorrow, next week, next year, in the future等. 如: He will go shopping tomorrow. They are going to play basketball next week. 构成: 1) 主语 + 助动词will + 动原 +… 2) 主语 + be going to + 动原 + …. 6.过去将来时 概念: 表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态. 构成: 1) 主语(第一人称) + 助动词should + 动原 +… 2) 主语 + would + 动原 + …. 3) 主语 + was/ were going to +动原… 用法: 过去将来时除了上下文暗示外,一般常用在间接引语中,主句谓语动词为过去时态. 如: 1) I should go. 2) You knew I would come. 3) They were going to Naning. 7.现在完成时 构成: 主语 + 助动词 ( have / has ) + 动词过去分词 +… 用法 例句 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果. ---Have you had your lunch yet? ---Yes, I have. (现在我不饿了) 8.现在完成进行时 概念: 表示从过去某一时间开始持续到现在的动作.这一动作可能是刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来. 构成: 主语 + 助动词 (have / has ) + been + 动词-ing +… 如: 1. I have been sitting here for an hour. 2. She has been collecting stamps for about 6 years. 9.过去完成时 构成: 主语 + 助动词 had + 动词过去分词 +… 用法 例句 表示过去在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作.它表示的动作发生的时间是”过去的过去”.表示过去某一时间可用by, before 等构成的短语,也可用when, before, 等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示. I had finished my homework when my mom came back home. 三.基本从句 从句的共同特点 从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子，充当什么成分就叫什么从句，如：充当宾语就叫宾语从句，充当定语成分就叫定语从句。 从以上定义中我们可以得出关于从句的一个最大特点：从句是句子。 从句的共同特点：1.从句都有自己的连接词 2.从句都是陈述语序(陈述语序就是主语在前，谓语在后，如：He is a teacher主语 He 在谓语is之前，因此是陈述语序，而Is he a teacher? 主语 He 在谓语is之后，因此不是陈述语序。) 1.宾语从句 宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子，如：He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up. 宾语从句的特点： ①宾语从句有自己的连接词 ②宾语从句用陈述语序 ③宾语从句的时态 ①宾语从句的连接词：宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。 ②宾语从句的语序; A.宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前，谓语在后),如：I want to know if he can come tomorrow B.当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词，如：She asked me who had helped him. ③宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般现” A.主现则从任：主句如果是一般现在时，则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种，如：1.He tells me he likes English very much(一般现在时) B.主过则从过：主句如果是一般过去时，则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种，带“过”字的时态分别是如：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。 如：He told me that he liked playing football(一般过去时) C.客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时。 如：1.He says the moon goes around the earth. 2.状语从句 2.1 时间状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。 时间状语的连接词：when(当…时候) while(当…时候) as(当…时候) after(在…以后) before(在…以前) as soon as(一…就) since(自从…到现在) till /until(直到… 才) by the time(到…为止)依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。 举例：when当…的时候(一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。) Mozart started writing music when he was four years old. 2.2 原因状语从句：在一个句子中作原因语的句子。 连接词：由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导。 举例：I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill. 2.3 条件状语从句 连接词：if如果, unless (=if not) 除非。(让步) 举例：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking. 2.4 目的、结果状语从句 目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子。 结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子 目的状语从句连接词so that, so…that , in order that 引导。 结果状语从句连接词 so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引导。 举例：so…that 如此…以至于 The scientist’s report was so instructive that we were all very excited. 2.5 让步状语从句 让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子 连接词： though, although.，whether…or not 举例：Although he is rich, yet he is not happy. 3.no matter从句 结构：”no matter +特殊疑问词疑问词+陈述语序“ 或”特殊疑问词+后缀ever+陈述语序“ 如：No matter what happened, he would not mind. 注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。 4.定语从句 定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分 如：I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.(中beautiful就是定语) 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后 如：I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital. 定语从句的连接词： 连接代词：who、which、whom、whose、that 连接副词：when、where、why 5.名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词： that, whether ,if (不充当从句的任何成分) 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 连接副词：when, where, how, why 如：That she was chosen made us very happy. Unit 1 How can we become good learners? 动词+by+动名词 Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious! 宾语从句 ：that，if/whether Unit 3 Could you please tell me where the restaurants are? 宾语从句：wh- Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark. used to Unit 5 What are the shirts made of ? 被动语态：一般现在时 Unit 6 When was it invented ? 被动语态：一般过去时 Unit 7 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 被动语态：含情态动词 Unit 8 It must belong to Caral. 表推测的情态动词：must， might，could，can't Unit 9 I like music that I can dance to. 定语从句：that/which，who Unit 10 You are supposed to shake hands. be supposed to+do Unit 11 Sad movies make me cry. make sb. do/make sb.+adj. Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected. 综合复习【时态、状语从句】、过去完成时 Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth! 综合复习【时态、被动语态、used to、情态动词】 Unit 14 I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7. 综合复习 延伸阅读：初三英语重点句型 1.问路常用的句子： ①Do you know where is … ? ②Can you tell me how can I get to …? ③Could you tell me how to get to …? ④Could/Will/Would you please tell me sth. 表示十分客气地询问事情 Could you tell me how to get to the park? 请你告诉我怎么才能去邮局好吗? 2. decide to do 决定做…... She decided to go to have lunch. 她决定去吃午餐。 3. Is that a good place to hang out? 那是不是一个闲荡的好地方? 4. kind of +adj/adv. “有点、一点” She is kind of shy. 她有点害羞。 5. prefer 动词，更喜欢、宁愿。 常用的结构有： ①prefer sth. 更喜欢某事 I prefer English. 我更喜欢英语。 ②prefer doing/ to do 宁愿做某事 I prefer sitting/ to sit.我宁愿坐着。 ③prefer sth to sth. 同…相比更喜欢…... I prefer dogs to cats. 与猫相比我更喜欢狗。 ④prefer doing to doing 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 I prefer walking to sitting. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐着 ⑤prefer to do rather than do 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 I prefer to work rather than be free. 我宁愿工作而不愿闲着。 6. I'm sorry to do sth. 对做某事我觉得很抱歉、伤心。 高中英语语法重点 语法重点知识讲解 20. You can say A. on the car; by car B. on foot; in his car C. by foot; by car D. in his car; by his foot 21. Jack is a good friend ______,, he often comes to our home for a visit. A. of my father B. of my father's C. for my father D. with my father 22. What way are you thinking of _____ rid of the flies? A. to get B. getting C. being got D. to be getting 23. We must do something to _____ factories _____waste water into the river before it is cleaned. A. stop; pouring . B. prevent; to pour C. keep; pouring D. stop; to pour 24. A. All; Some B. Both; Every C. Both; Neither D. All; Both 25. --How did you do in the test? --Not so well. I __ much better but I misread the directions for Part D. A. could do B. could have done C. must have done D. should do 26. Mary cares about clothes too much, and she _____ too much money _____ clothes. A. spend; in B. cost; at C. pays; to D. spends; on 27. Our kind teacher wanted to teach us ___ he knew about this lesson. A. that B. all what C. that all D. everything which 28. They started early that morning in order that they_____ there before noon. A. would get B. got C. must get D. might get 29. Is this research center _____ the foreign guests visited last week? A. that B. which C. where D. the one 30.--What is the model plane look like? --Well, the wings of the plane are _____ of its body. A. more than the length twice B. twice more than the length C. more than twice the length D. more twice than the length 31. The enemy troop suddenly took the small village by surprise _____ a rainy morning. A. on B. at C. in D. during 32. This is the school _____ they visited last year and is the one _____ my father once worked. A. that; where B. where; that C. where; where D. that; that 33. The college entrance examination is coming, the students are _____ it. A. preparing B. prepared for C. prepared D. preparing for 34. The task was very hard, so _____ were needed. A. ten more men B. ten men more C. more ten men D. men more ten 35. He wanted to read more, so he asked his friend if there was _ to read. A. something easy enough B. something enough easy C. enough easy something D. easy enough something 36. The room is very large and only little room ____ by the new piano. A. are taken up B. takes up C. is taken up D. is taking up 37. What _____ time it is to listen to a speech having nothing to do with you! A. waste B. wastes C. a waste of D. a waste for 38. _____ your help, we have _____. A. Thanks to, finished B. Thanks to, ended C. Thanks for, finished D. Thanks for, completed 39. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 40. It is necessary ___ me ___my studies before a new term. A. for, to make a plan for B. of, making a plan for C. for, to make a plan of D. of, making a plan of 41. He _____ the club and _____ its activities. A. took part in; joined B. joined; took part in C. joined; took a part in D. took part in; took part in 42. The noble man prefers ___money to him ___sorry to him. A. giving; to saying B. giving; to say C. give; to say D. to give; to saying 43. To gain honor for our country, we will try our best_____ the game. A. competing in B. competing against C. to compete with D. to compete in 44. Tom was so angry with Bob that he hit _____. A. Bob in the head B. Bob's head C. Bob on the head D. on Bob's head 45. _____ at the news that I didn't know what to say to comfort her. A. So sad she looked B. So sad did she look C. So sadly she looked D. So sadly did she look 46. Only a fool enjoys _____ in public. A. making fun of B. to make fun of C. being made fan of D. to be made fan of 47. Our English teacher _____ by the teachers and students. A. is good thought of B. is thought high of C. is sung highly praise for D. is spoken highly of 48. I like ____ of the two stories, for this story is _____ than that one. A. both; not more interesting B. neither; no more interesting C. neither; not more interesting D. either; no more interesting 49. You'd better make a mark ________ you have any questions. A. at which B. at where C. the place D. where 50. The stubborn boy didn't ________ so that he missed the chance. A. take advice B. follow an advice C. give some advice D. ask for advice 51. Old as the car is, ________ it works quite well. A. but B. yet C. so D. however 52. They were ________ inventors than pure scientists. A. more B. less C. many D. worse 53. The teachers are doing what they ________ their students. A. can to teach B. can teach C. can teaching D. can to teaching 54. Los Angels is a beautiful city, ___11 pay a three-day visit. A. which B. where C. to which D. in which 55. Don't have your children ______ for hours reading books in _____ dark a room. A. sitting; so B. sit; such C. to be sitting; so D. to sit; such 56. I want to know ________. A. what the matter is B. what matter it is C. what's the matter D. the matter is what 57. After so long a walk, he was too _____ further. A. tired for walk B. tire to walk C. tiring to go D. tired to go 58. Why not trust and use David? He is still as strong as__ in the team. A. somebody else B. everybody else C. anybody else D. nobody else 59. After the accident, she had _____ all over. A. pains B. pain C. ache D. aches 60. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now. A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing 61. ____for the doctor's careful treatment, he____ till last year. A. If it is not; can't live B. Were it not; couldn't live C. Had it not been; couldn't have lived D. If they were not ; couldn't live 62. They stayed up until midnight _ the old year out and the new year in. A. and saw B. to see C. seeing D. for seeing 63. George spent _____ studying. A. the whole day B. all during the day C. altogether a day D .entirely a day 64. You may _____ find it hard to get along well with them. A. certainly B. likely C. possibly D. probably 65. The house that _____ by the fire belongs to A. was destroyed, mine B. destroyed, mine C. was destroyed, me D. destroyed, me 66. ---____ will the meeting _____?---In about 20 minutes. A. How long, last B. When, last C. How often, finish D. How soon, end 67. While _____ in the room, we were all very excited. A. waited B. waiting C. to wait D. wait 68. _____ you _____ to go A. Would; like B. Would; rather C. Do; feel like D. Do; would like 69. She asked _____ we were getting on well with our work. A. how B. if C. what D. that 70. I'm wondering__ he expects will win the gold medal in Men's Single. A. whom B. which C. who D. what 71. Don't think of the exam. ____, it has been passed quite a few days. A. In all B. Not at all C. After all D. At all 72. She _____ a man _____ a lot of money. A. was married; with B. married; with C. married; to D. was married; to 73. During the next ten years we both worked day and night to ____ the money we had borrowed. A. pay off B. pay for C. pay to D. pay back 74. Where do you think _____ he _____ the computer? Sorry, I have no idea. A. /; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. had; bought 75. We have been _____ by all our friends since we settled in the new house. A. called on B. called at C. called into D. called for 76. I ____her voice at once on the phone, though we hadn't seen each other for ten years. A. heard B. knew C. realized D. recognized 77. But she had to ______ the company and ______a man in order to get a job. A. lie to; pretended to be B. lie; pretended to be C. lie to; pretended being D. lie; pretended as 78. The man went into the room, _____ rather strange. A. to look B. looking C. looked D. and looking 79. The driver drove __ hit a big tree and the car came to a stop. A. too carelessly to B. carelessly enough to C. so carelessly that he D. so careless that he 80. When he saw all his books _____ here and there on the floor, he knew that something terrible _____. A. lying; must have happened B. lie; must happen C. lay; might have happened D. had lain; could have happen 81. ___Mr. Brown's anger, it was his own son who didn't agree ____him. A. To; with B. Because of; to C. With; of D. For; on 82. But later people developed a way of printing, _____rocks. A. used B. using C. and use D. uses 83. The problem was that it is ____valuable ___everyday use. A. too; to B. too; for C. too; of D. so; that 84. ---Where is Mother ---She is in the kitchen. She _____the housework all morning. A. is doing B. was doing C. has done D. has been doing 85. What a strange man! He loves his wife, but ____ he often beats her. A. at a time B. at one time C. at times D. at the same time 86. The books, ___ the dictionaries, must be put back where they ____. A. included; were B. to include; are C. including; were D. including; are 87. Paper _____ the fibres of plants for many years. A. has been made from B. have been made out of C. has made up of D. have been made into 88. Before the game started Alien's friends believed he was ___ but he didn't feel ___. Then after the first ten minutes, he began to take heart. A. sure to win; sure to success B. sure of success; sure of it C. sure to win; sure about that D. sure about winning; sure to win 89. His father looks young, but _____ fact he is _____. A. in; in the forties B. in; in his forties C. in the; in the forties D. in; in his forty 90. It's quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth____ and his eyes _____. A. closed; open B. closed; opened C. closing; open D. closing; opening 91. If you have a problem _______ your composition, you had better ask your teacher ______. A. in; on some advice B. for; for some advices C. on; some advice D. with; for some advice 92. There _____ a lot of coal mines in the south, but many of them have been closed or are _____ be closed. A. use to having; about to B. used to be; to C. use to having; going to D. used to be; supposed to 93. The weather in Britain is ____too cold in winter___ too hot in summer. A. either; or B. both; and C. neither; nor D. or; and 94. Forgive him, please. I don't think he broke your mirror____. A. with care B. on purpose C. for fun D. with aim 95. He advised the fanners to choose the best seed-heads,___ that had the best colour. A. the one B. the ones C. one D. ones 96. Although he is considered a great writer, _____. A. his works is not widely read B. but his works are not widely read C. however his works are not widely read D. yet his works are not widely read 97. ____ of the population of the city ____workers? About 60 percent. A. What; is B. What; are C. How much; is D. How much; are 98. I was advised to arrange for insurance__ I needed medical treatment. A. although B. incase C. so that D. if only 99.---What can I do for you？---Well，I'm afraid the box is heavy for you，but thank you all the same． A. so B. much C. very D. too 100.--Peter is very clever and he studies hard as well． ---No ______be always wins first in the examinations. A. doubt B. question C. wonder D. problem 高一英语语法重点 一、不定冠词 不定冠词a，an与one同源，表示微弱的一的概念，但并不强调数目，用来表示不确定的人或事物。 A用在辅音前，而不是辅音字母前;an用在元音前，而不是元音字母前。 a university in Asia 1.表示同类中的任何一个 A cat has nine lives. 2.表示泛指的某人、某物 I know a John Lennon，but not the famous one. 3.表示数量的 He has a daughter. 4. 表示单位数量的每一 I earn 10 dollars an hour. 5.表示相同的 The two birds are of a color. 6. 用于集体名词前 He grows up in a large family. 7. 在某种情况下可用于抽象名词和物质名词前 China has a long history. 二、定冠词的用法 1.表示特定的人或物 2.表示地球、宇宙中独一无二的事物 主要指各种天体及世界上比较有影响的物体。 The sun，the moon，the earth 3.表示地点、方向、时间、方式等 at the corner 在拐角处 1) 在表示季节的名词前常不用冠词。 In spring 在春天 2) 具体某年的某个季节，需用冠词。 In the summer of the year 3)用于序数词或形容词的最高级前 the first the second 4)用于形容词前使其名词化 the rich the poor 5)用于复数姓氏前，表示―夫妇‖或全家 The Smiths 6)用于乐器名词前 Play the piano 7)用于by+the+计量单位名词 By the pound 1. 用于复数名词前 复数名词泛指某类人或物时，其前通常用零冠词。 Students should obey the school rules. 学生应该遵守校规。 复数名词若需特指，则要加定冠词。 The students are too lazy. 这些学生太懒。 2. 用于不可数名词前 不可数名词表示泛指时，其前通常用零冠词。如： Bread is made from flour. 面包是用面粉做的。 Wood is a poor conductor of sound. 木头是声音的不良导体。 不可数名词若需特指，则要加定冠词。 He sawed the wood into three pieces. 他把木头锯成三块。 3.用于专有名词前 在通常情况下，专有名词前要用零冠词。如： Mr Smith is our English teaches us English. 史密斯先生教我们英语。 在特殊情况下，若专有名词需要特指，也可加定冠词。如： The Smith you‘re looking for no longer lives here. 4. 用于抽象化的可数名词前 有些可数名词抽象化后表示表示的活动，其前通常零冠词。 Jim has gone to bed. 吉姆已上床睡觉了。 She goes to church every Sunday. 她每周星期天都去做礼拜。 这类主要涉及bed， church， class， college， school， university， work， hospital， prison， market， sea， town等。另外，这类名词前用不用冠词有时与英美英语的表达习惯有关。如：―住院‖在英国英语中通常说成 in hospital，而在美国英语中则通常说成in the hospital;类似的还有go to university (英)上大学 / go to the university (美)上大学;at table (英)在吃饭 / at the table (美)在吃饭。 5. 用于职务及头衔前 当表示职务及头衔的名词用作表语、补足语及同位语时，其前通常用零冠词。如： Wilson became President of the U. S. A. 威尔逊当了美国总统。 He will be made captain of the football team. 他将被选为足球队队长。 6. 在表示学科、语言、三餐、月份、季节、节假日、星期等名词前，通常用零冠词。 We are all interested in physics. 我们大家都对物理感兴趣。 7. 用于某些固定结构中 go to sea 去当水手 at home 在家 at night 在晚上 at least 至少 at most 至多 at first 首先 at last 最后 in bed 在床上 on foot 步行 face to face 面对面 第二章 代词 高考中对代词的考查主要集中在人称代词(主要是其中的it)、关系代词、指示代词和不定代词上。 一、 it的用法 1.作人称代词 John likes playing Ping pong./ He always does it in the afternoon.(指代上下文提到的事物); /It's time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home ? / It is getting warmer and warmer./ It's very quiet at the moment.(可指时间、天气、环境等) 2.引导词 A.作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。 It's important for us to learn a second language./ It's no use talking to him./ It's known to all that the earth goes round the sun. B.作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。 We feel it our duty to help others./ He made it clear that he would leave the city. C.强调结构：It is (was) +被强调部分+that (或who)… 注意：在强调结构中，如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语，其后的连接词也绝不能为when 或where，而应用that 。在复习中，一定要注意句式的不同。 It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar.(that引起强调句) It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar.(where引起定从) It was twelve o'clock when we arrived there.(when引起时间状语从句) It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there.(that 引起强调句) 3. it，one，that 的区别：作为代词，这三个词的对比使用是高考的热点之一。 —Why don't we take a little break? —Didn't we just have __________? A.it B.that C.one D.this The Parkers bought a new house but _________will need a lot of work before they can move in. A.they B.it C.one D.which one 用以指代同类事物中的任一，that 特指性强，指代可数与不可数词，而it指代上文提过的同一事物。 二、 关系代词 who，whose，whom，which，that，as 1)which可以引导非限定性定语从句，代表前面整个句子的内容，并且在从句中做主语 2)that的用法 1)不用that的情况 a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 b) 介词后不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. 2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 b) 在不定代词，如：anything， nothing， the one， all， much， few， any， little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 c) 先行词有the only， the very修饰时，只用that。 d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。. e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。 举例： All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 Finally， the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。 3) as的用法 AS作关系代词，用来引导定语从句：限制性定语从句和限非制性定语从句 一、AS引导限制性定语从句 AS引导限制性定语从句时，通常和such， the same， as(so)等连用，构成such...as/such as， the same...as/the same as， as(so)...as等结构，在从句中可作主语，宾语和表语。 1.such...as/such as意为―...的那种...，像那样的‖，such...as/such as引导限制性定语从句时，既可指人，也可指物。such用于名词之前时，具有形容词性质;such单独使用(即后面不接名词)时，具有代词性质。 Don‘t trust such men as praise you to your face.(as作主语) 不要相信那种当面吹捧你的人。 You should read only such books as you can understand without much difficulty.(as作宾语) 你应当只读那些你读起来不太难懂的书。 Associate with such as will improve your manners.(as作主语) 要和能改善你的言行的那种人结交。 2.the same...as/the same as意为―与...同样的‖，和such一样，the same既有形容词作用，又有代词性质。 We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have.(as作宾语) 我们已得出和他们同样的结论。 比较：the same...as和the same...that不同，前者是―同那一个相似‖，后者是―正是那一个‖。如： This is the same watch as I lost. 这同我丢的那块表一样。 This is the same watch that I lost? 这正是我丢的那块表。 3.as(so)...as意为―和...一样‖，后接由many， much等修饰的名词或由形容词修饰的单数名词，注意其语序为as(so)+adj.+a+n+as，如： It‘s as pleasant a film as I have ever seen. 这是一部和我以往看的同样好的电影。 As many soldiers as marched were killed. 很多游行的战士都被杀了。 注意：such ...as与such...that ，so...as与 so...that的区别： that是连词，引出结果状语从句，在从句部分不作成分;as是关系代词，引出定语从句，在从句中可作主语，宾语和表语。比较： He is such a nice boy that everyone likes him. He is such a nice boy as everyone likes. It is so difficult a problem that nobody can work it out. It is so difficult a problem as nobody can workout. 二、AS引导非限制性定语从句 AS引导非限制性定语从句时，通常指的不是主句中的某一个名词(先行词)，而是指整个主句表达的内容，对主句所作的陈述进行附加说明，意为―这...，如...或正如...‖。这种从句可位于主句之前，之中或之后。 As we all know， Taiwan belongs to China. Taiwan， as we all know， belongs to China. Taiwan belongs to China， as we all know. 注意下面的习惯用法： as is well discussed 正如已讨论过的 as is often said 正如通常所说 as is often the case 通常就是这样 as has been pointed 正如所指出的那样 as has been said before 如上所述 as often happens 如同经常所发生的那样 as might be expected正如所料 as is well known to all众所周知 在多数情况下，从句中的谓语助动词可以省略 as explained before 如前面所解释的 as mentioned above 如前面所提到的 as shown in the figure 如图所示 as seen from the table 从表中可以看出 as already discussed 正如已讨论过的 三、不定代词 一) . some 与 any 的用法 1. some 用于肯定句以及表示建议或期待得到肯定回答的问句。修饰单数名词时，意为某个。如： I have some questions about the assignment. (希望得到肯定答复)。 2. any 用于否定句和疑问句时，表示一些。用于肯定句时，只和单数名词或不可数名词连用，表示任何。如： The medicine is on sale every where. You can get it at any chemist?s. 二) . each 与 every 的用法 1. each 强调个体，表示两个或两个以上中的每一个，在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语和同位语。如： There are trees and flowers at each side of the road. 2. every 强调整体，表示三者或三者以上中的每一个，只能作定语，不能说 every of them ，要说 every one of them . Every student in our class works hard. 三 . no one 与 none 的用法 1. no one 意为没有人，只能指人，不能指物，不可与介词 of 连用，谓语动词用单数形式，回答 who 引导的问句。如： Who is in the classroom? No one. 2. none 既可指人，也可指物，强调数量，意为一点也不，一个也不;谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数;常与 of 连用，通常指三者以上的人或物中没有一个，回答 how much 和 how many 引导的问句。如： They were all tired， but none of them would stop to have a rest. 四 . other， another， others， any other， the other 的用法 1. other 表示泛指，意为另外的、其它的。常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。如果其前有 the， this， some， any， each， every， no， one 以及形容词性物主代词时，其后就可接单数名词。如： I have no other place to go. 2. another 常用于指三者或三者以上中的另外一个，泛指单数。可单独使用，也可后接名词。如果其后接复数名词，则表示又、再、还。如： This cap is too small for me. Show me another (one)。 We need another three assistants in our shop. 3. others ：它是 other 的复数形式，表示泛指，意为别的人或物，但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词;前面可加任何限定词以及数量词。如： He has more concern for others than for himself. 4. any other 表示一个之外的其他任何一个，而不是两个之中的另一个。如： China is larger than any other country in Asia. 5. the other ：表示两者中的另外一个。可单独使用，也可接单数名词。如： No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to the other. 五. all 与 both 的用法 均表示都，但 all 表示三者以上的人或物， both 则表示两个人或物。二者都表示肯定意义，如果与 not 连用时，则表示部分否定。 六 . neither 与 either 的用法 都可用于表示两个人或物。 neither 表否定意义，意为(两者中的每一个)都不;而 either 表肯定意义，意为(两者中的每一个)都。都可单独使用，也可同介词 of 连用。 学习英语语法的窍门是什么? 1. 单词是英语句子的基础，要想学好语法，就先从学习词性入手。如动词、名词、形容词、介词、连词等等。 2. 在英语句子中，这些单词扮演着一定的句子成分。也就是通常我们所说的主谓宾定状补等。下图中我给大家解释了这些句子成分的定义，具体来说还是要放到句子中比较容易理解。 3. 词性和句子成分都明白了以后，就可以看句型了。复杂的句子都是由简单的句子一点点构成的，因此先要弄清楚英语中的五大基本句型。 4. 简单的句子组合在一起成为复杂的句子，就会产生状语从句、定语从句等。 定语从句即在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子(在句子中作定语)。 5. 当充当状语的部分是一个句子时，也就是状语从句。 6. 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Nominal Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合名词性从句句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 高一英语怎么学? 第一，一定要认真听老师讲课，按时高质量完成作业 课堂内的就只有这些，主要说说课后的。 首先你需要一本高考3500词汇，一本语法书。 词汇书怎么看呢?去买一个自己喜欢的小本子，找一个空闲时间，浏览一遍所有词汇，把那些明显特别难的去掉，特别简单的去掉，剩下的单词就基本上属于需要掌握用法的了。对于这一部分单词，特别熟悉的也不用看，把那些不熟悉的每天抄几个在你的小本子上，释义用法例句派生词等等都写，然后随身带着，有时间看两眼。一般一个学期词汇就没有大问题了。 接下来说语法书。英语能考100多基本语法应该不会有大问题，那么语法书主要作为手册用。平时没事了翻一翻看一看都很好，但是在语法题做错了(不管是不会还是粗心)一定要查书上对应的讲解，精读搞明白并记住。 至于英语题集，我个人觉得不需要买课本同步，直接买套卷或者按题型分类的书，星火啊五三都可以，但是一定不能贪图高难度，先从高一难度做起。这个每天抽一点时间做，作业多就少一点写几篇阅读，时间多就做一套卷子，总之不能手生。 笔上功夫主要是这些，英语作为一门语言同样需要听，说这些嘴上的功夫。 先说听力。除了卷子的听力题，最好找一些适合自己的听力。适合指的是难度适中，题材感兴趣，时长合适等等。网易啊什么都有，实在不想找了就把课本文章拿出来反复听。这个嘛也是找时间，不要求很认真听，大概泛听培养语感就好。 口语的话，高考不怎么考，但是不代表不重要啊!口语好语感好对蒙题很帮助的!自己找文章读，课本，China Daily 都可以～所以利用好早读的时间不要荒废在吃东西补作业上面(反例在此) 大概算一下，英语学习占用课外的时间基本上只有看单词，听听力，做题的时间，一般就半个多小时一个小时，最多两个小时(如果你做了一套卷子的话)。看起来时间很短，但是高一高二两年下来会非常可观～至于高三又是另一种套路啦～有时间再说 总之一句话，细水长流，贵在坚持! (1) remember to do sth. 记住去做某事,表示这件事情还没有做 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 (2) forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事。 (未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事。 (已做) (3) regret to do sth. 遗憾地(要)做某事 (还未做呢) regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事(已经做过了) (4) try to do sth. 努力做谋事,尽力做某事，但不一定成功 try doing sth. 试图做谋事 (5) stop to do 表示停止现在在做的事情，开始做另外一件事情 stop doing 表示停止现在在做的.事情 (5) mean to do sth. 计划做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 (6) can’t help to do sth. 不能协助做某 can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事 (7) go on to do sth. 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事 go on doing sth. 继续做原来做的事 我们本能地运用汉语语法规则，导致我们都不知道自己错在哪里，其实是汉语与英语的语法规则不同而导致的。 例如，汉语上没有词形的变化，英语有十大类词形变化，仅这一项就关系到国内学生30%左右的语法错误。 此外，许多大学毕业生，也会犯词形变化的问题。 科技发展有限公司 × Technological Develop Co., Ltd (动词原形不可以作定语) √ Technological Development Co., Ltd (动名词可以定语) 她喜欢读英语外刊 × She like read English magazines andnewspapers. (动词原形不可以作宾语) √ She like reading English magazines andnewspapers. (动名词可以宾语) √ She like to read English magazines andnewspapers. (动词不定式可以宾语) 其次，英语的时态用法和时态结构，与汉语存在许多差异，使得国内学生感觉英语语法很复杂，难以学会。 其实，不是那样子。 考虑到国内学生所犯的英语语法错误，大量集中在汉语、英语的差异处，因此，我们有必要将主要精力集中在这些差异处，这些是英语学习者的所要学习的核心内容，也是我们主动避错、纠错，学会英语的根本方法。 英语外刊阅读 英语句子： The president'scollision with the media is changing the way newsrooms operate – and mayrejuvenate journalism. 词汇突破： collision n. 碰撞;冲突 media n.媒体 newsrooms n. 新闻编辑室 operate n.&v. 运转;运行 rejuvenate vt.使变得年轻，使恢复活力 journalism n.新闻业; 新闻工作 参考译文： 总统与媒体的冲突正在改变新闻编辑部的动作方式——可能使新闻业恢复活力。 作者|丹丹英语 公众号： 读外刊学英语（ID：dwkxyy）初中学好英语语法的方法
学习初中英语语法的注意事项
篇2：初一英语语法重点总结
篇3：高级英语语法重点总结
篇4：高级英语语法重点总结
篇5：高三英语语法总结重点
高三英语语法：表语从句
高三英语语法：同位语从句
高三英语语法：状语从句
高三英语语法：定语从句
篇6：高三英语语法总结重点
高三英语语法：名词从句
篇7：高一英语语法重点总结
篇8：初中生的英语语法总结
篇9：初三英语语法重点
篇10：高中英语语法重点
篇11：高一英语语法重点
篇12：重点短语英语语法
篇13：英语语法相关重点知识讲解
篇14：初一英语语法重点知识
初一英语语法重点知识
1. 情态动词have to 的用法，意思是”必须、不得不“，它侧重于客观上的必要和外界的权威。(1)结构：主语+have to+动词原形+其他
(一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数时，用has to;句子是过去时，用had to.)如：We have to wear sneakers for gym class. 在体育课上，我们必须穿运动鞋。Tom has to practice the guitar every day. 汤姆每天必须练习弹吉它。I had to get up at 5:00 am last Monday. 上周一，我不得不早上5点起床。
(2)否定形式：主语+don't have to+动词原形+其他
(一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数时，用doesn't have to. 句子是过去时，用didn't have to)
如：Nick doesn't have to wear a uniform. 尼克不必穿制服。We didn't have to do our homework at once. 我们不必马上完成作业。
(3)疑问句：Do (Does或Did)+主语+have to +动词原形+其他
如：Do you have to stay at home on weekends? 周末你必须呆在家里吗?Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
是的，我必须。不，我不必。Did he have to go to bed by 11:00 last night? 昨晚，他不得不11点前上床睡觉吗?
2. 情态动词can的用法
(1)表示能力，”会“”能“(在第一册中已经学习这种用法)
Can you play the guitar? 你会弹吉它吗?Judy can speak a little Chinese. 朱蒂会说一点中文。I can dance and sing. 我能唱歌又能跳舞。
(2)表示允许、许可，”可以“、”能“(在这一课中新学的词义)
Can the students run in the hallways? 学生们可以在走廊上跑吗?We can eat outside. 我们可以在外面吃东西。Can I come in? 我能进来吗?
注意 同样是情态动词，can 和have to 的用法是有区别的，和大部分情态动词一样，can在否定句中，直接在can后加上not，在疑问句中，把can放到主语前面，并且没有人称和数的变化。
3. hear，listen和sound都有”听“的意思，但三者是有区别的。
(1)hear”听说“，侧重于”听“的内容
I'm sorry to hear that you are ill. 听说你生病了，我很难过。
I never heard such an interesting story. 我从来没听过这么有趣的一个故事。
(2)listen”听“侧重于”听“这一动作。Listen to me carefully. 认真听我说。
The children like to listen to music. 孩子们喜欢听音乐。
(3)sound”听起来“，它是系动词，后面接形容词等。That sounds great. 那听起来真不错。
It sounds like fun. 听起来挺有趣。
4. be in bed ”在床上、卧床“in 和bed之间不能用冠词，bed也不用复数。
He is in bed for 10 years. 他卧床了。Dave has to be in bed early every night.大卫每晚必须很早睡觉。
5. arrive late for 与be late for 意思相近，”迟到“Don't arrive (be)late for school. 上学别迟到。I arrived (was)late for the meeting yesterday. 我昨天开会迟到了。
6. No talking ! ”禁止交谈!“no后面加上名词或动名词(doing)也表示不要做某事。与don't +do的用法相似。No wet umbrellas! / Don't put wet umbrellas here! 禁止放湿雨伞!
No food! Don't eat food here! 禁止吃食物!No smoking! Don't smoke here! 禁止吸烟!
7.语法(祈使句)
祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召或者劝告等的句子，这类句子的主语常是第二人称you，也就是听话者，因而you常省去了。祈使句的开头是动词原形。
如：Look out! 小心!Wait here for me! 在这等我!
Be sure to come here on time! 务必准时来到这里!
祈使句的否定形式多以do not(常缩写成don't)开头，再加上动词原形。
Don't arrive late for school. 上学别迟到。
Don't fight! 别打架!
Don't look out of the window. 不要向窗外看。
初一如何学好英语语法
一、练好基本句型
我国近年来的英语教学实践证明：在初学阶段，采用听说领先、学习基本句型的方法去学习英语语法，是行之有效的。
句型学习是通过听说领先的方法去学习传统语法里最常用的语法项目(把它们变为句型去操练)。句型训练实际上吸取了传统语法与结构语法两派的长处。所学的句型应该是由浅入深，由简到繁;讲求熟练掌握，不要贪多冒进。每学一个项目，首先要把单项练习练熟，然后过渡到综合练习，最后则应做到扩大运用。
以定语从句这一项为例。把”I read a novel yesterday.和“It was extremely Interesting.”这两个单句改为“The novel I read yesterday was extremely interesting.”这就是定语从句的单项练习。首先要反复进行替换练习。如把“I saw a man this morning.”和“The man is my teacher.”改为“The man I saw this morning is my teacher.”把“I saw a film last night.”和“The film was very amusing.”改为“The film I saw last night was very amusing.”这种练习虽然是枯燥的，却是重要的基本功，务求把定语从句练到脱口而出的地步。这是第一步。
第二步是把定语从句放在一定的语言情景中去综合运用，进行一问一答。如：
A：Did you enjoy the opera?
B：Which opera?
A：The one we saw last night，of course.
B：Yes，very much.
第三步是扩大运用，也就是把定语从句和以前学过的两三个项目放在一起去操练。
A：Do you know who Edgar Snow was?(一般问句;名词从句)
B：Yes，he was an American writer who interviewed Chairman Mao in Beijing.(定语从句)
A：Oh，now I remember.He was the author who wrote“Red Star Over China”，wasn't he?(定语从句;反意疑问句)
B：Exactly.
这种回答不但练了定语从句，而且复习了一般问句和反意问句，也给名词从句的学习打了“埋伏”。进行句型操练，既需要“滚雪球”(复习已学的项目)，也需要“打埋伏”(预先练一下将来要学习的项目)。
在句型学习阶段必须注意：在听、说领先的前提下，写、读要跟上，力求听、说、写、读四会均衡发展。因此，时间上要作出合理的安排。早上通常可安排为朗读时间。如果能每日坚持下去，收效一定很大。
二、结合课文去学
吕叔湘先生说过：“与其多读语法书，不如多读文章。”又说：“词语要嵌在上下文里才有生命，才容易记住，才知道用法。”(引自《中国人学英语》)课文是学习英语的“重要基地”。课文里有语音、词汇项目，也有各类语法项目。它们有机地结合在课文里。课文中出现的语法项目，是有血有肉的，不是干巴巴的。通过课文去学语法，可以学得活，记得牢，这比孤零零地背诵语法条目要有效得多。因此，在句型学习结束后，宜结合课文去学语法，要围绕课文中出现的主要语法项目，循序渐进地学习比较系统的语法知识。
哪些项目是课文里的主要语法项目?通常教科书的编者都明确指出了每一课的主要语法项目。要弄清这些项目的基本概念，掌握它们的公式与用途，尤其要认真地做好有关练习。
三、对比英语和本族语的语法
英语和汉语属于不同的语系，二者的语法区别很大。英语学习中出现的许多错误，往往是由于汉语语法习惯在自学者的头脑中已经根深蒂固，对英语语法的学习产生了种种干扰。要排除这种干扰，最好的方法是经常对比英语与汉语语法的异同。现举数例：
人家问你：“Haven't you read this book?”(你没有读过这本书吗?)如果回答是否定的，依照汉语的习惯，回答通常是：“是的，我没有读过。”但说英语时，你就得说：“ No，I haven't.”
汉语说“一万”，英语却说“十个千(ten thousand)”;汉语说“两亿”，英语则说：“二百个百万(two hundred million)”。两种语言关于数目的表达是大不相同的。
英语说：“She is too tired to run on.”译成汉语却说：“她太累了，不能再跑了。”这中间要加上“不能”这个否定词。
我们只有掌握了这些区别，才有可能把语法学到手。可见在语法学习中，自觉地运用语法是很重要的。
四、进行大量的语言实践
英语语法学得好不好，主要不是看你读了多少语法书，记了多少条语法规则，而是要看你在实践中能否正确掌握所学的这些语法规则——能听懂，说得好，写得好，理解得好，译得准确。要达到这个地步，除了在必要的语法理论指导下进行大量的语言实践以外，是没有什么速成的办法的。
我们常听到学习的人抱怨说：“这个项目一讲就懂，一用就错。”这句话说明一般的语法理论知识并不难懂，但就是难用。要掌握好一个语法项目，就得靠多听、多说、多写、多读、多译，也就是做反复的、大量的、多样化的练习。
初一学习英语语法的建议
1.在理解的基础上学习
学习语法要真正理解，不要死记硬背条条框框。例如家长在辅导孩子英语时，也许会特别强调现在分词和动名词在句子中的不同成分。很多孩子就死记硬背：分词可以作定语、状语、补语、表语;动名词可作定语、主语、宾语、表语。即使这样也经常记混淆。其词能充当的成分动名词基本都能充当。这样也便于理解为什么动名词能充当主语和宾语，而分词则不能。理解语法并不是要对语法规则刨根到底。有的孩子问：为什么英语有那么多时态，而汉语没有?每种语言都有它自己的规则。汉语不是没有时态，只是时态的表现形式不像英语那么明显。
2.积极主动归纳、总结语法规则
孩子在学习过程中要善于主动观察、归纳、总结语法规则，不能完全依靠家长、老师的讲解。研究表明，孩子自己归纳总结的语法规则比从书本上学来的记得更好。在孩子一道题或给予详细讲解后，应该让孩子尝试着自己总结规律。同样的情况在怎样的场合使用?有没有例外?实践表明，能自己总结语法规律的孩子，更能对语法进行灵活运用，且在阅读中也便显出反应迅速准确的良好状态。另外，有的语法书里讲的规则有时过于简单甚至不准确。比如很多语法书里，关于字母。结尾的名词的复数的规则是：一般加8226;s;有些加-es。那么到底哪些加—s哪些加-es呢?孩子又只能死记硬背。其实，多数单词加-es，比如heroes，tomatoes，potatoes，tornadoes，volcanoes，torpedoes等;少数单词加8226;s，而且加—s的词多为较长单词的缩写。比如：photographs—photos;kilograms—kilos;hippopotamus—hippos等。而radio本身就是几个单词的缩写，其复数形式当然是radios。如果孩子能够在学习中发现类似的规律，则可以大大减少死记硬背的负担。
3.要善于从错误中学习
英语学习中出现错误是不可避免的，孩子在学习时，一方面不要怕犯错误，要大胆地使用英语;另一方面，要注意纠正错误，从错误中学习。发现错误和纠正错误是做英语练习的目的之一。对于老师、家长批改过的作业，一定要仔细看。对批改还不明白的，一定要向家长或同学请教。在口头交际中，不能完全不顾语法，也不能因为怕犯语法错误而不敢开口。完全不顾语法，可能会使语法错误形成习惯，以后想改也改不过来。而因为怕犯错误而不敢开口或在表达中过多地进行自我纠正会影响交际的顺利进行，也可能因此失去很多交际的机会。研究表明，在口头表达中，适度地监控语法的正确性和准确性最有利于孩子提高口语能力。
篇15：高中重点英语语法讲解
形容词和副词的原级
(1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时，用原级。基本句型是：
主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词+ (very/too/so/quite/rather…) +形容词/副词原级 +…。
1)在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as.
He cannot run so/as fast as you.
2)当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。
as +形容词+ a +单数名词
as + many/much +名词
This is as good an example as the other is.
I can carry as much paper as you can.。
3)用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。
This room is twice as big as that one.
Your room is the same size as mine.
4) 倍数+ as + adj. + as 倍数+ then + of
This bridge is three times as long as that one.
This bridge is three times the length of that one.
Your room is twice as large as mine.
Your room is twice the size of mine.
如：He is very oldnow.(他现在很老了) / They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快) / The weather looks ratherbad.(天气看上去相当糟) / I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐)
☆表示两者之间没有差别时，使用句型：
主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +…。
如：He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋)/ Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)/ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did)。(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多)
☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时，使用句型：
主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词(否定式) + as / so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物+…。
如：He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋) / Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢) / They didn’t pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did)。 (他们摘的苹果不如农民多)
(2) 讲述两者有差异，第一个人物超过第二个人物时，用比较级。基本句型：
主语(‘A’)+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(‘B’)+…。
如：A modern train is much faster than a car.(现代的火车比轿车快多了) / This book didn’t cost me more than that one.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多)
讲述两者有差异，第一个人物不及第二个人物时，用比较级。句型是：
主语(‘A’) + 谓语动词 + less+ (多音节形/副)比较级 + than +第二个人物(‘B’) +…。
如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难)/ Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗?)
(3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时，用最高级。句型是：
主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of …。
如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(长江是中国最长的河流) / He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys)。(三个男生中他跳得最高
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