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语法题的训练方法

时间:2022-05-22 04:43:40 其他范文 收藏本文 下载本文

【导语】以下是小编为大家准备的语法题的训练方法(共7篇),希望对大家有帮助。

语法题的训练方法

篇1:语法题的训练方法

关于语法题的训练方法

一级笔试中有一大题是语法题

语法题也是一级中比较好拿分的题.只要有一定的训练量就没问题了.训练充分的情况下,语法题大部分也是送分的了. 语法题其实不难,关键是你要会翻译,要能理解整句话,而不是只会在四个选项中选一个.

以前自已没有专攻日语时,没有做过语法题的训练.刚报一级时,下载了一级的试题来看了一下.看了后觉得有点冒冷汗,感觉好难,似乎每个选项意思都差不多.

后来,开始训练语法题,同时攻词汇.在图书馆借了几本语法题的书,在训练中,我渐渐发现,其实很多题当中,如果题目那句话的意思我懂的话,要选出一个正确答案是不难的,稍微训练一下就可以了.

要能看懂题目那句话的意思,第一就是基础语法要好:用言的活用,助词的用法,助动词的用法,形式名词的用法,只要弄通这几方面,基本上就没问题了.第二就是词汇量要大,一句话中N个词不懂,做起来当然困难了.

要再次强调的一点是:语法题的.那四个选项考得并不难,关键是你要能看懂那句话.所以,我们的做语法题时,不要只选对一个答案就可以了,要尽量去翻译整条句子.另外,与其花更多的时间去练语法题,还不如把这些时间花在词汇上,早日攻克词汇,再来训练时效果就完全不一样了.

词汇的作用并不是可以代替的.比如,你做一道语法题,当中有几个词不懂,就算你,每个词的意思都查得清清楚楚,但你还是会觉得这句话难以理解.好的,不管它,等词汇积累了很多时再回过头来看一下,或许你就会有这种感觉:这么简单的道理,当时怎么就想不明白呢?要记住:一个单词后懂和本来就懂对于理解一句话来说那效果完全可以说是两回事.

当时我训练语法题时,大概练了一个月左右,然后就把绝大部分时间用来攻单词,有时甚至两个月没做一道语法题,但当我词汇日益完善时我再去做语法题时,语法题已经变得很简单了.前后训练所用时间大概是两个月.

对于语法题,在词汇尚少时,不需要花太多时间去练,因为效果真的不好.花多点时间背多点单词,同时把语法题的那些语法点(一二三四级加起来也就几百个)先背下来(可以适当用做题来巩固,但不要太多).等词汇有了可观的数量时,再来猛做题,这时的效果可以说是以前的千百倍.最后,考试前要抽时间找找网上有没有什么“X级最新语法”,多学一点点东西有益无害(想当年考试时我就是这样错了一道没学过但“X级最新语法”上有的语法题).

篇2:语法题析---平行结构

1. 含并列连词and, but, or的平行结构

解题要点 当上述并列连词连接两项或多项对等成分时,这些成分必须同词性、同形式。特别注意出现三项以上(含三项)的并列成分,多是考试焦点。

例题分析

(1) Quartz may be transparency, translucent, or opaque, and it may be colorless or colored (91.5)

[答案] 并列连词or连接三项,其中两项为形容词translucent与opaque,故(A)应用形容词transparent与之并列。

(2) At the age of 94. Composer, conductor. Arranger. And acting Eva Jessye led her choral group in the first production of the opera porgy and Bess, written in 1935. (92.1)

[答案] 并列连词and连接四项表示身份职业的名词,故(A)动名词应改为actress。

(3) Atrophy is a decrease in size of a cell, organ, tissues, or other part of the body such as (91.10)

[答案] 并列连词or连接四项名词结构,其中cell 和organ皆为单数形式,故亦应改为单数tissue。

(4) Direct mail advertising serves to acquaint customers with Products, alert them to new opportunities, and paving the way for other sales activities (93.1)

[答案] 并列连词and连接三项动宾结构,前两项均为动词原形,故(C)动名词亦应改为原形动词pave.

(5) A majority of the reports received from people claiming to have seen the legendary Loch Ness monster have proven to be mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. (93.10)

[答案] 并列连词or连接三项成分。前两项均为名词,故应改为名词tricks与前面的mistakes和misconceptions平行。

(6) The tongue is capable of many motions and configurations and plays vital rode in chewing, swallowed and speaking.

[答案] 并列连词and连接三个单词。其中两项均为动名词,故(D)亦应改为动名词swallowing。

2. 比较级句型要求对比双方结构对等,比较范围相当

例题分析

(1) Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the United States ------- Henry Ford. A pioneer in automobile production.

(A) as was (B) than was (C) than did (D) as did (92.8)

[答案] C 比较句型 more…than 要求比较的双方结构相等。前项是实义动词的过去时形式had,故选(C)than did与之平行。

(2) The state of Maine generally has cooler temperatures than -------

(A) there are most other states

(B) most other states which have

(C) most other states have

(D) having most other states (93.10)

[答案] C 这是标准的more…than比较句型。只有(C)的句子结构与相对比的前一项完全一致。

(3) The annual worth of Utah’s manufacturing is greater than-------

(A) that of its mining and farming combined

(B) mining and farming combination

(C) that mining and farming combined

(D) of its combination mining and farming (91.8)

[答案] A 此句比较的是Utah的年产值(the annual worth) (A)中that即代替了the annual worth,故前后比较的范围,内容一致。

(4) The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than-------

(A) the domestic marketer has

(B) the domestic marketer does

(C) those of the domestic marketer

(D) that which has the domestic marketer (91.5)

[答案] C 此句比较的是国际市场研究者与国内市场研究者的活动(the activities) 为避免同词重复,用(C)those来代替前面的名词the activities ,因而对比双方比较的范围是平行相等的。

(5) Fructose is a monosaccharide sugar that is much sweeter -------

(A) than cane sugar does (B) does cane sugar

(C) cane sugar (D) than cane sugar (90.5)

[答案] D 此比较句型前半部分主系表结构,后半部不可出现助动词does(答案A及B),但可省略系词,如(D)。

3. 比较句型 the +比较级…the+比较级要求前后结构相等

例题分析

(1) The flatter a hair appears under a microscope ------- wavier it is.

(A) although (B) which (C) and (D) the (92.1)

[答案] D The flatter a hair appears 与(D)the wavier it is 是完全对等的结构。

比较级 主语 谓语动词 比较级 主语 系动词

(2) The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ------- to the body.

(A) the stress it is greater

(B) greater is the stress

(C) greater stress is

(D) the greater the stress (90.1)

[答案] D The less the surface 与答案(D) the greater the stress 是完全对等的结构。

4. 语意上的平行结构

解题要点 有一些词和短语表达比较的概念,尽管不是比较级句型,但同样要求前后对比双方同形式,同性质。

例题分析

(1) Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather of the deaf ------- of the telephone.

(A) than inventing (B) than as the inventor

(C) the invention (D) as the inventor (90.8)

[答案] B 表示比较概念的短语would rather …than应使用平行结构。

(2) Thomas Jefferson*s achievements as an architect rival his contributions ------- a politician.

(A) such (B) more (C) as (D) than (90.1)

[答案] C 动词rival (比得上)要求比较二项结构相等。

(3) California*s agricultural supremacy dates from 1947. When its farm output first ------- any other state.

(A) that exceeded (B) exceeded that

(C) exceeded that of

(D) that exceeded of (92.10)

[答案] C 动词exceeded (超过)要求比较的内容相当。(C)代词that用以指代比较的内容“farm output”

(4) It is common knowledge that a flash of lightning is seen before a clap of thunder heard . (93.5)

[答案] 连词 before用以引出先后发生的两个动作。从句意上看。这两个动作是对比关系,故应用平行结构。另改为a clap of thunder is heard ,与a flash of lightning is seen 相平衡。

篇3:语法题析---分词

分词是必考内容,在历届试题中均占相当大的比例。有时,即使分词不是题目焦点,但对分词的正确分析则可以帮助考生选择正确的答案。分词的命题要点集中在(1)分词的形容词特性、(2)分词短语作后置定语、(3) 现在分词和过去分词的主动与被动含义。

分词常考题型及解题要点:

1. 分词具有形容词特征,可单独作定语或表语

例题分析

(1) The highly respect zoologist Ernest Just Joined the ruling board of the Marine Biological Laboratory in the 1930’s.

[答案] 动词respect用来修饰后面的名词zoologist,故应改用分词respected形式,其作用相当于形容词作定语。

(2) A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of time.

[答案] 修饰保词period应用动词的分词形式,即fixed。

(3) Characteristics of Op Art are the carefully arrange hues and geometric patterns that create optical illusions.

[答案] 修饰名词hues,应用分词形式arranged。

(4) The question of the origin of the Moon is interest not only in itself but also as a part of the larger genesis of the earth and the solar system .

[答案] interest应用其分词interesting形式作表语,作用相当于一个形容词。

2. 分词短语作定语,放置于中心名词后面

解题要点 分词短语作后置定语在考题中出现频率非常高。因而,考生务必熟记这一结构和用法。实际上,分词短语作后置定语。皆是定语从句的省略形式。

例题分析

(1) The leaves and stems of the aifaifa plant are the only parts of the plant -------.

(A) the uses for livestock feed

(B) for using livestock feed

(C) used for livestock feed

(D) they are used for livestock feed

[答案] C过去分词used + 介语短语组成的分词短语修饰前面的名词成分the only parts of the plant,作后置定语。此结构亦扩展为定语从句(that are ) used for livestock feed

(2) The slide rule used sliding scales with marks ______ numbers and their logarithms.

(A) representing (B) represented

(C) are represented (D) they are representing

[答案] A 分词短语作名词marks的后置定语,作用相当于一个定语从句:which represent numbers and their logarithms。

(3) Early philosophers believe that the mind was divided into three faculties ------- s feeling ,intellect and will

(A) to know (B) known (C) knowing (D) knew them

[答案] B分词短语known as…说明前面的名词three faculties。此结构可改写成定语从句。Which are known as…

(4) The bison know for the hump over its shoulders is usually called a buffalo in North America.

[答案] 此句主语是The bison ,谓语是系词is ,划线A部分应当为分词短语,修饰名词The bison .A应改为known for。

(5) Louisa May Alcott is chiefly remembered for Little Women. One of the most popular girls books ever wrote

[答案] 修饰名词books应用分词生语ever written。

3. 分词短语作状语

解题要点 在句了意义非常清楚明确时,状语从句通常可以简略为分词短语,但有一个先决条件。此分词短语的逻辑主语应与句子的主语为同一人或物,此类分词短语通常置于句首。

例题分析

(1) _____ as“the census taker of the sky”, Annie Jump Cannon contributed considerably to the field of astronomy.

(A) Known (B) Knowing (C) To known (D) Knowledge (92.5)

[答案] A 分词短语置于句首作表示身份的状语。它的逻辑主语即是句子的主语Annie Jump Cannon.

(2) ------- in 1635, the Boston Latin School is the oldest public school in the United States .

(A) Founded (B) Founding (C) To found (D) Having founded (92.1)

[答案] A 分词短语表示时间,其逻辑主语即是句子主语The Boston Latin School.

(3) ------- the constitution of the Cherokee Nation provided for a chief executive, a senate, and a house of representatives.

(A) In 1827 they drafted (B) The draft in 1827

(C) In 1872 was drafted (D) Drafted in 1827

[答案] D分词短语作状语,表示时间。此结构可扩展为一状语从句;where the constitution of the Cherokee Nation was drafted in 1827 it provided for a chief executive a senate, and a house of representatives.

4. 现在分词表达主动的概念;过去分词表达被动的概念

例题分析

(1) Judging to be the best boxer of his time, sugar Ray Robinson lost only 3 out of 137 fights

[答案] 此分词短语与其逻辑上的主语sugar Ray Robinson 是被动的关系(Sugar was judged to be…) 故应用过去词Judged to be.

(2) During the Colonial days, the Iroquois had an agricultural economy basing mainly on corn with supplementary crops of pumpkins , beans, and tobacco.

[答案] 通常我们说to be based on ,这个短语表示被动概念(基于,以…为基础),所以应改用过去分词based。

(3) Per capita income is a nation*s entire income dividing by the number of people in the nation.

[答案] 根据句意及分词dividing后面的介词by,可以推断这个分词短语表达的是被动的概念,因此,应用过去分词divided by。

(4) Clementine Hunter’s primitive paintings have been exhibited at various galleries. Included one at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. D.C.

[答案] 分词included与其逻辑的主语paintings并无被动的关系,不应用过去分词,应改为惯用现在分词短语including + 名词宾语的结构。

篇4:托福语法辅导解析题精选

1. Count Basie’s distinctive piano style and band arrangements of the late 1930’s earned

A B

his an important place in jazz history.

C D

Key:C

分析:第一步分析空前后的关系,发现C中的his在此错误,应该用him才对。

必要知识点:考点是代词用法。这里是做earn的宾语,用宾格,

改正:his à him

参考译文:二十世纪30年代晚期Count Basie具有特色的钢琴风格和乐队安排,为他赢得了爵士历史上重要的地位。

2. The wide range of elevations in the southern Appalachian Mountains allows for the great

A B

diverse of plant life found there.

C D

Key:C

分析:第一步分析空前后的关系,发现of,由此首先想到前面应该是名词,所以C词性出现问题。

必要知识点:考点是词性的误用。of前面应该用名词

改正:diverse à diversity

参考译文:阿巴拉乞亚山脉的海拔的范围很宽,是那里发现的植物种类繁多的原因。

3. Four huge shield volcanoes have been observed on Mars, as well as a great number of

A B

small ones like found those on the Earth.

C D

Key:D

分析:第一步分析空前后的关系,发现没有什么不对的地方。第二步分析空本身,发现D中的语序出现问题,颠倒了。

不必要知识点:考点是分词结构。those 指代volcanoes,found短语做它的后置定语。

改正:found those à those found

参考译文:在火星发现了四个巨大的盾形火山,还有大量的同地球上发现的小火山相似的火山。

4. The 1897 discover of gold in the Klondike hastened the commercial development of

A B

Washington State, as did the increasing trade with Pacific Islands.

C D

Key:A

分析:第一步分析空前后的关系,发现A的词性出现问题,动词不能作主语。

必要知识点:考点是词性误用。Discover是动词,不能作主语。

改正:discover à discovery

参考译文:18在Klondike发现了黄金,加速了华盛顿州的商业发展和太平洋诸岛的贸易增长。

5. The Saint Lawrence River is young relatively by geological standards, as it was founded

A B C D

during the last ice age.

Key:B

分析:第一步分析空前后的关系,发现没有什么不对的地方。第二步分析空本身,发现B中的语序错误,颠倒了。

必要知识点:考点语序。修饰成分和中心词顺序颠倒,这也是托福中常考的。

改正:young relatively à relatively young

参考译文:Saint Lawrence河从地质标准来看是相对年轻的,因为它是在上个冰河纪中形成的。

篇5:托福语法辅导解析题

1. A symbol of freedom, the Statue of Liberty represents a woman has just escaped

A B

from the chains of slavery, which lie at her feet.

C D

Key:B

分析:第一步分析空前后的关系,发现谓语动词represents与has just冲突,所以has前面应该加who才对。

必要知识点:考点是谓语单一原则。has此处和主句represents谓语重复,需要变成定语从句,

改正:woman has à woman who has

参考译文:自由的象征,自由女神像表现了一个刚从躺在她脚边的奴隶枷锁中逃出的妇女。

2. The southwestern portion of the United States is a land of little rain, and parts of

A B

it are too dry that they are called deserts.

C D

Key:C

分析:第一步分析空前后的关系,发现that,首先想到so …that,所以这里C出现问题。

必要知识点:考点是固定结构。so。。that结构也是语法中常考的,经常会把so替换为too, as等。

改正:too à so.

参考译文:美国的西南部分是一个少雨地带,其一部分地区因为太干而被称为沙漠。

3. Seneca chief Corn-planter helped arrange treaties between many United States settler

A B

and Native American tribes in western Pennsylvania after the American Revolutionary War.

C D

Key:B

分析:第一步分析空前后的关系,发现many,所以在此首先想到后面的词应该是复数才对。

必要知识点:考点是名词的单复数。many后面修饰名词复数,

改正:settler à settlers

参考译文:塞内加首领谷物种植者在美国解放战争后帮助协商达成了许多美国和西宾夕法尼亚美洲土著部落之间的条约。

4. Mercury is so much close to the Sun that it is usually invisible in the glare of the Sun’s

A B C D

rays.

Key:A

分析:第一步分析空前后的关系,发现much,其作形容词时修饰不可数名词,作副词时修饰比较级,由此得知在此是多余的。

不必要知识点:考点是固定搭配。so… that结构so,that之间用单纯的形容词。

改正:so much à so

参考译文:水星和太阳距离如此之近以至于在阳光的闪耀之下它经常不可见。

5. Pollen can be transferred by the wind or by birds that comes into contact with flowers.

A B C D

Key:B

分析:第一步分析空前后的关系问题,发现谓语comes应该与birds一致才对。

必要知识点:考点是主谓一致。that引导的定语从句其谓语come应该和birds数相一致,

改正:comes à come

参考译文:花粉可以通过风或者来与花接触过的鸟类进行传播。

篇6:托福语法辅导解析题

1. Citrus fruits thrive in quite very tropical climates.

A B C D

Key:C

分析:第一步分析空前后的关系,发现没有什么不对的地方。第二步分析空本身,发现C中的两个词重复使用的。

必要知识点:考点是重复。Quite、 very 都是程度副词修饰tropical,用在一起,重复了。

改正:quite very à very

参考译文:柑橘类水果在赤道地带的气候下生长繁茂。

2. Carson McCullers was fame for her novels about life in the small towns of the southern

A B C D

United States.

Key:A

分析:第一步分析空前后的关系,发现fame,由此想到be fames for,所以在此A应该为famous才对。

必要知识点:考点是固定搭配。be famous for. 以什么而闻名。

改正:fame à famous

参考译文:Carson McCullers 因其讲述南美小镇生活的小说而出名。

3. Because the atmosphere of Mars is so thin, wind velocities of several hundred

A B C

kilometers per hour are required to raised dust particles during dust storms.

D

Key:D

分析:第一步分析空前后的关系,发现D前面是to,很明显这里应该是动词原形才对。

必要知识点:考点是动词不定式。to do做目的状语,后面接动词原形。

改正:raised à raise

参考译文:因为火星的大气太稀薄,尘暴发生时需要几百公里每小时的风速把尘土颗粒吹起来。

4. Lumbering,the remove of timber from the forest, is a major industry in the

A B C D

Northwest region of North America.

Key:A

分析:第一步分析空前后的关系,很明显发现A后面是of,所以在此词性出现问题。

必要知识点:考点是词性误用。名词+of构成的短语,做lumbering的同位语。Remove n:间距 removal n:移动

改正:Remove à removal

参考译文:伐木,把木材从森林中带走的过程,是北美的西北地区的支柱产业。

5. The asphalt deposits of La Brea Tar Pit in California have yielded fossils of numerous

A B

animal of the Pleistocene epoch, including the giant ground sloth.

C D

Key:C

分析:第一步分析空前后的关系,发现C前面是numerous,所以在此后面应该为复数才对。

必要知识点:考点是名词单复数。numerous 后面要有名词复数。

篇7:托福语法辅导解析题

1. Judgments made in a criminal cases can usually be appealed to a higher count,which

A B

can either overturn or uphold a lower court ruling.

C D

Key:B

分析:第一步分析空前后的关系,发现B前面有a,由此得知这里应该用单数才对。

必要知识点:考点是名词单复数。不划线的a后面应该修饰单数,

改正:cases à case

参考译文:对犯罪案件作出的判决通常能诉诸能推翻或者支持低级法庭的判决的更高级法庭。

2. Science fiction is any fiction dealing with the future or with so imaginative

A B

subjects as interstellar travel, life on other planets, or time travel.

C D

Key:B

分析:第一步分析空前后的关系,发现as,由此首先想到前面应该有such,所以在此B出现错误。

必要知识点:考点是固定结构。sucn…as结构,这种结构经常在语法中考。

改正:so à such.

参考译文:科学小说是任何讲述未来或者象星际旅游、其他星球上生活或者时间穿梭一样有想象力。

3. The wingspread of various species of bats range from over five feet to less than two

A B C D

inches.

Key:B

分析:第一步分析空前后的关系,发现主语是wingspread是单数,所以B中的谓语动词也相应用单数才对。

必要知识点:考点是主谓一致。range的主语是wingspread所以应该用单数,

改正:range à ranges

参考译文:不同种类蝙蝠的翼展从5英尺多到不足两英寸。

4. The harmonica’s tones are made by the vibrations of the feeds created by the blowing

A B C

and suction to the player.

D

Key:D

分析:第一步分析空前后的关系,发现ABC都没有问题,player前面的to值得怀疑,根据句意,这里应该of才对。

必要知识点:考点是介词的用法。从全句意义出发,吸入和吹出的动作是由player发出,to 方向错误。

改正:to à of

参考译文:口琴的音调是由演奏者吹出或者吸入的气流制造的震动而形成。

5. The constitution of 1897, under which Delaware is now governed, is fourth constitution

A B C

in the history of the state.

D

Key:C

分析:第一步分析空前后的关系,发现fouth,首先想到前面要加the,所以这里少the。

必要知识点:考点是冠词的用法。序数词前面要有冠词the。

改正:Fourth à the fourth

参考译文:Delaware现在1897年宪法治理之下,它是该州历史上第四部宪法。

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