GRE阅读备考如何提高记忆力

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【导语】下面就是小编整理的GRE阅读备考如何提高记忆力（共9篇），希望大家喜欢。

GRE阅读备考如何提高记忆力

篇1：GRE阅读备考如何提高记忆力

GRE阅读备考要提升记忆力不想过目就忘就赶紧来学

GRE阅读备考要重点训练记忆力

之所以要求大家练好阅读记忆力，主要还是为了顺利解答GRE阅读部分各类题目。GRE阅读文章大多选自各类科学或者金融类杂志，篇幅较长，内容也比较深刻复杂，考生一遍看过往往难以留下足够的印象，之后解题如果还要返回再仔细看，往往会花费大量考试时间。众所周知GRE考试时间相当紧张，二次阅读会浪费大量时间。而如果考生能通过第一次阅读就把文章内容和结构大致记住，解题时就能更有针对性地找到问题涉及的文章内容，提升答题速度和正确率，而这种记忆能力，就是我们提到的阅读记忆力。

另外，阅读记忆力不止对阅读有用，对于一些题目较长的比如填空或者数学文字题来说也能起到很大作用。比如填空中的三空题，题目本身长度往往接近一篇短阅读，考生又需要同时兼顾三个空格中的选项保持整体意思的合理恰当，如果没有一定的记忆能力，填了这个空忘了前面或后面的一些关键要点，就很容易选错答案。数学中一些本身难度不高但文字表达特别复杂的WORD PROBLEM也是如此。总而言之，练好阅读记忆力，对于整场GRE考试的各类题型，都能起到一定的积极作用。

GRE阅读备考记忆力提升方法介绍

那么，考生如何才能培养好GRE考试需要的记忆能力呢?下面小编就为大家介绍具体步骤。

备考提升记忆力步骤1：先练限时记忆文章结构

1. 用3.5分钟读完一篇文章。

2. 在文章每段结尾，一句话概括出该段主旨。

3. 读完全文后，浏览每段主旨，做好归纳总结。

4. 提炼并确定文章整体主旨。

上述步骤能帮助考生熟悉全文，加快解题速度。

备考提升记忆力步骤2：查看实际记忆效果

1. 把刚才看过的文章翻页，暂时不去看。

2. 在纸上写下刚才的每段主旨和文章整体主旨。

检查记忆的步骤是为了测试你实际记住了文章里的多少内容，这也真是GRE阅读理解考察的能力。如果你刚开始练习的时候什么都没记住也没关系，但这个阶段请不要直接去看文章。只要尽可能把你还记得的东西写下来即可。

备考提升记忆力步骤3：直接答题进行验证

1. 现在可以把文章翻回来重新看了。

2. 如果题目涉及到具体细节，比如某段某行中有关于特定内容的描述说明等，就马上定位到文章当中的相关部分找寻答案。

3. 如果不是细节题，就直接答题。

4. 能够确定答案的情况下果断答题并继续做后面的题。

5. 不能确定答案的话再回到文章里找，但要求迅速完成。

6. 如果在上一步中无法解答题目，那么就做个标记，猜个答案然后继续做题。

通过以上步骤，小编相信大家的GRE阅读记忆力就会得到提升，而只要考生能够具备一定的短期记忆能力，那么之后在解答阅读或者其它题型时，就能从中受益，更高效地应对难题，并顺利取得更为理想的分数。

GRE阅读练习每日一篇

Since the Hawaiian Islands have never been connected to other land masses, the great variety of plants in Hawaii must be a result of the long-distance dispersal of seeds, a process that requires both a method of transport and an equivalence between the ecology of the source area and that of the recipient area.

There is some dispute about the method of transport involved. Some biologists argue that ocean and air currents are responsible for the transport of plant seeds to Hawaii. Yet the results of flotation experiments and the low temperatures of air currents cast doubt on these hypotheses. More probable is bird transport, either externally, by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers, or internally, by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds. While it is likely that fewer varieties of plant seeds have reached Hawaii externally than internally, more varieties are known to be adapted to external than to internal transport.

17. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with

(A) discussing different approaches biologists have taken to testing theories about the distribution of plants in Hawaii

(B) discussing different theories about the transport of plant seeds to Hawaii

(D) resolving a dispute about the adaptability of plant seeds to bird transport

(E) resolving a dispute about the ability of birds to carry plant seeds long distances

18. The author mentions the results of flotation experiments on plant seeds (lines 10-12) most probably in order to

(A) support the claim that the distribution of plants in Hawaii is the result of the long-distance dispersal of seeds

(B) lend credibility to the thesis that air currents provide a method of transport for plant seeds to Hawaii

(D) challenge the claim that ocean currents are responsible for the transport of plant seeds to Hawaii

(E) refute the claim that Hawaiian flora evolved independently from flora in other parts of the world

19. It can be inferred from information in the passage that the existence in alpine regions of Hawaii of a plant species that also grows in the southwestern United States would justify which of the following conclusions?

(A) The ecology of the southwestern United States is similar in important respects to the ecology of alpine regions of Hawaii.

(B) There are ocean currents that flow from the southwestern United States to Hawaii.

(D) The plant species discovered in Hawaii reached there by attaching to the feathers of birds migrating from the southwestern United States.

(E) The plant species discovered in Hawaii is especially well adapted to transport over long distances.

20. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?

(A) Why does successful long-distance dispersal of plant seeds require an equivalence between the ecology of the source area and that of the recipient area?

(B) Why are more varieties of plant seeds adapted to external rather than to internal bird transport?

(D) What is a reason for accepting the long-distance dispersal of plant seeds as an explanation for the origin of Hawaiian flora?

(E) What evidence do biologists cite to argue that ocean and air currents are responsible for the transport of plant seeds to Hawaii?

A long-held view of the history of the English colonies that became the United States has been that England’s policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy, dominated by expansionist militarist objectives, generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution. In a recent study, Stephen Saunders Webb has presented a formidable challenge to this view. According to Webb, England already had a military imperial policy for more than a century before the American Revolution. He sees Charles II, the English monarch between 1660 and 1685, as the proper successor of the Tudor monarchs of the sixteenth century and of Oliver Cromwell, all of whom were bent on extending centralized executive power over England’s possessions through the use of what Webb calls “garrison government.” Garrison government allowed the colonists a legislative assembly, but real authority, in Webb’s view, belonged to the colonial governor, who was appointed by the king and supported by the “garrison,” that is, by the local contingent of English troops under the colonial governor’s command.

According to Webb, the purpose of garrison government was to provide military support for a royal policy designed to limit the power of the upper classes in the American colonies. Webb argues that the colonial legislative assemblies represented the interests not of the common people but of the colonial upper classes, a coalition of merchants and nobility who favored self-rule and sought to elevate legislative authority at the expense of the executive. It was, according to Webb, the colonial governors who favored the small farmer, opposed the plantation system, and tried through taxation to break up large holdings of land. Backed by the military presence of the garrison, these governors tried to prevent the gentry and merchants, allied in the colonial assemblies, from transforming colonial America into a capitalistic oligarchy.

Webb’s study illuminates the political alignments that existed in the colonies in the century prior to the American Revolution, but his view of the crown’s use of the military as an instrument of colonial policy is not entirely convincing. England during the seventeenth century was not noted for its military achievements. Cromwell did mount England’s most ambitious overseas military expedition in more than a century, but it proved to be an utter failure. Under Charles II, the English army was too small to be a major instrument of government. Not until the war with France in 1697 did William III persuade Parliament to create a professional standing army, and Parliaments price for doing so was to keep the army under tight legislative control. While it may be true that the crown attempted to curtail the power of the colonial upper classes, it is hard to imagine how the English army during the seventeenth century could have provided significant military support for such a policy.

21. The passage can best be described as a

(A) survey of the inadequacies of a conventional viewpoint

(B) reconciliation of opposing points of view

(D) defense of a new thesis from anticipated objections

(E) review of the subtle distinctions between apparently similar views

22. The passage suggests that the view referred to in lines 1-7 argued that

(A) the colonial governors were sympathetic to the demands of the common people

(B) Charles II was a pivotal figure in the shift of English monarchs toward a more imperial policy in their governorship of the American colonies

(C) the American Revolution was generated largely out of a conflict between the colonial upper classes and an alliance of merchants and small farmers

(D) the military did not play a major role as an instrument of colonial policy until 1763

(E) the colonial legislative assemblies in the colonies had little influence over the colonial governors

23. It can be inferred from the passage that Webb would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements regarding garrison government?

(A) Garrison government gave legislative assemblies in the colonies relatively little authority, compared to the authority that it gave the colonial governors.

(B) Garrison government proved relatively ineffective until it was used by Charles II to curb the power of colonial legislatures.

(C) Garrison government became a less viable colonial policy as the English Parliament began to exert tighter legislative control over the English military.

(D) Oliver Cromwell was the first English ruler to make use of garrison government on a large scale.

(E) The creation of a professional standing army in England in 1697 actually weakened garrison government by diverting troops from the garrisons stationed in the American colonies.

24. According to the passage, Webb views Charles II as the “proper successor” (line 13) of the Tudor monarchs and Cromwell because Charles II

(A) used colonial tax revenues to fund overseas military expeditions

(B) used the military to extend executive power over the English colonies

(D) resisted the English Parliament’s efforts to exert control over the military

(E) allowed the American colonists to use legislative assemblies as a forum for resolving grievances against the crown

25. Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the author’s assertion in lines 54-58?

(A) Because they were poorly administered, Cromwell’s overseas military expeditions were doomed to failure.

(B) Because it relied primarily on the symbolic presence of the military, garrison government could be effectively administered with a relatively small number of troops.

(C) Until early in the seventeenth century, no professional standing army in Europe had performed effectively in overseas military expeditions.

(D) Many of the colonial governors appointed by the crown were also commissioned army officers.

(E) Many of the English troops stationed in the American colonies were veterans of other overseas military expeditions.

26. According to Webb’s view of colonial history, which of the following was (were) true of the merchants and nobility mentioned in line 30?

I. They were opposed to policies formulated by Charles II that would have transformed the colonies into capitalistic oligarchies.

II. They were opposed to attempts by the English crown to limit the power of the legislative assemblies.

III. They were united with small farmers in their opposition to the stationing of English troops in the colonies.

(A) I only

(B) II only

(D) II and III only

(E) I, II, and III

27. The author suggests that if William III had wanted to make use of the standing army mentioned in line 52 to administer garrison government in the American colonies, he would have had to.

(A) make peace with France

(B) abolish the colonial legislative assemblies

(D) appoint colonial governors who were more sympathetic to royal policy

(E) raise additional revenues by increasing taxation of large landholdings in the colonies

答案：17-27：BDADCDABBBC

篇2：GRE阅读备考要提升记忆力

GRE阅读备考记忆力提升方法介绍

那么，考生如何才能培养好GRE考试需要的记忆能力呢?下面小编就为大家介绍具体步骤。

备考提升记忆力步骤1：先练限时记忆文章结构

1. 用3.5分钟读完一篇文章。

2. 在文章每段结尾，一句话概括出该段主旨。

3. 读完全文后，浏览每段主旨，做好归纳总结。

4. 提炼并确定文章整体主旨。

上述步骤能帮助考生熟悉全文，加快解题速度。

备考提升记忆力步骤2：查看实际记忆效果

1. 把刚才看过的文章翻页，暂时不去看。

2. 在纸上写下刚才的每段主旨和文章整体主旨。

备考提升记忆力步骤3：直接答题进行验证

1. 现在可以把文章翻回来重新看了。

2. 如果题目涉及到具体细节，比如某段某行中有关于特定内容的描述说明等，就马上定位到文章当中的相关部分找寻答案。

3. 如果不是细节题，就直接答题。

4. 能够确定答案的情况下果断答题并继续做后面的题。

5. 不能确定答案的话再回到文章里找，但要求迅速完成。

6. 如果在上一步中无法解答题目，那么就做个标记，猜个答案然后继续做题。

GRE阅读：提速的取舍问题

GRE阅读取舍的标准是：

a)让步分句(如：带although的分句、带it is true的分句、带do的分句等)一律跳过(但是用括号括起来)，只看后半个分句;

b)such as后的内容一律跳过，也用括号括起来，不过我会数数列举的个数，如果是4个，则必出题，其他个数不用管，出题了再回头看;

c)for example举例只要提炼关键词的首字母就可以了，也要括起来，重点看后面或前面的结论。

d)原因——标志词常为BECause、since——一律跳过，括起来，只看结果。比较容易被忽略的是result in和result from，遇到这两个，我在下面划横线做标记。

e)老观点只把握关键词、知道讲的是什么就行，其他一律跳过。

f)冒号后一律跳过，冒号下做标记。

g)分号后一律跳过，因为表示并列，内容和前面大体一致，分号做标记，出题的话再回来看。

现在的标准是：上面这些全看，因为速度上来了，但看这些内容时仍然是“毫无感觉”地看，可以不用担心它们会分散注意力了。

当这些内容都做标记后，文章结构就非常清楚了，哪儿是举例、哪儿是结论、哪儿是原因、哪儿是转折一目了然，定位非常容易。

我的提高阅读速度的不二法门：反复阅读已经读过的文章，5遍左右吧!慢慢地就会产生一种直觉，知道哪里略读哪里重读。

GRE阅读：法国二月革命

In February 1848 the people of Paris rose in revolt against the constitutional monarchy of Louis-Philippe. Despite the existence of excellent narrative accounts, the February Days, as this revolt is called, have been largely ignored by social historians of the past two decades. For each of the three other major insurrections in nineteenth-century Paris—July 1830, June 1848, and May 1871—there exists at least a sketch of participants’ backgrounds and an analysis, more or less rigorous, of the reasons for the occurrence of the uprisings. Only in the case of the February Revolution do we lack a useful description of participants that might characterize it in the light of what social history has taught us about the process of revolutionary mobilization. Two reasons for this relative neglect seem obvious. First, the insurrection of February has been overshadowed by that of June. The February Revolution overthrew a regime, to be sure, but met with so little resistance that it failed to generate any real sense of historical drama. Its successor, on the other hand, appeared to pit key socioeconomic groups in a life-or-death struggle and was widely seen by contemporary observers as marking a historical departure. Through their interpretations, which exert a continuing influence on our understanding of the revolutionary process, the impact of the events of June has been magnified, while, as an unintended consequence, the significance of the February insurrection has been diminished. Second, like other “successful” insurrections, the events of February failed to generate the most desirable kinds of historical records. Although the June insurrection of 1848 and the Paris Commune of 1871 would be considered watersheds of nineteenth-century French history by any standard, they also present the social historian with a signal advantage: these failed insurrections created a mass of invaluable documentation as a by-product of authorities’ efforts to search out and punish the rebels.

Quite different is the outcome of successful insurrections like those of July 1830 and February 1848. Experiences are retold, but participants typically resume their daily routines without ever recording their activities. Those who played salient roles may become the objects of highly embellished verbal accounts or in rare cases, of celebratory articles in contemporary periodicals. And it is true that the publicly acknowledged leaders of an uprising frequently write memoirs. However, such documents are likely to be highly unreliable, unrepresentative, and unsystematically preserved, especially when compared to the detailed judicial dossiers prepared for everyone arrested following a failed insurrection. As a consequence, it may prove difficult or impossible to establish for a successful revolution a comprehensive and trustworthy picture of those who participated, or to answer even the most basic questions one might pose concerning the social origins of the insurgents.

12.1. According to the passage, “a useful description of participants” (lines 11-12) exists for which of the following insurrections of nineteenth-century France?

I. The July Insurrection of 1830

II. The February Revolution of 1848

III. The June insurrection of 1848

IV. The May insurrection of 1871

(A) I and III only

(B) II and IV only

(D) I, III, and IV only

(E) II, III, and IV only

12.2. It can be inferred from the passage that support for the objectives of the February Revolution was

(A) negligible

(B) misguided

(D) spontaneous

(E) widespread

12.3. Which of the following, best describes the organization of the second paragraph?

(A) The thesis of the passage is stated and supporting evidence systematically presented.

(B) Two views regarding the thesis presented in the first paragraph are compared and contrasted.

(D) The thesis presented in the first paragraph is systematically supported.

(E) The thesis presented in the first paragraph is further defined and a conclusion drawn.

12.4. It can be inferred from the passage that the author considers which of the following essential for understanding a revolutionary mobilization?

(A) A comprehensive theory of revolution that can be applied to the major insurrections of the nineteenth century

(B) Awareness of the events necessary for a revolution to be successful

(D) The historical perspective provided by the passage of a considerable amount of time

(E) Knowledge of the socioeconomic backgrounds of a revolution’s participants

12.5. Which of the following can be inferred about the “detailed judicial dossiers” referred to in line 49?

(A) Information contained in the dossiers sheds light on the social origins of a revolution’s participants.

(B) The dossiers closely resemble the narratives written by the revolution’s leaders in their personal memoirs.

(D) Social historians prefer to avoid such dossiers whenever possible because they are excessively detailed.

(E) The February Revolution of 1848 produced more of these dossiers than did the June insurrection.

12.6. Which of the following is the most lcal objection to the claim made in lines 38-39?

(A) The February Revolution of 1848 is much less significant than the July insurrection of 1830.

(B) The backgrounds and motivations of participants in the July insurrection of 1830 have been identified, however cursorily.

(D) Historical records made during the July insurrection of 1830 are less reliable than those made during the May insurrection of 1871.

(E) The importance of the July insurrection of 1830 has been magnified at the expense of the significance of the February Revolution of 1848.

12.7. With which of the following statements regarding revolution would the author most likely agree?

(A) Revolutionary mobilization requires a great deal of planning by people representing disaffected groups.

(B) The objectives of the February Revolution were more radical than those of the June insurrection.

(D) Revolutions vary greatly in the usefulness of the historical records that they produce.

(E) As knowledge of the February Revolution increases, chances are good that its importance will eventually eclipse that of the June insurrection.

GRE阅读

篇3：如何备考GRE阅读

如何备考GRE阅读

众所周知长阅读是GRE阅读中的一个难点，文章长已经不是问题了，而是在有限的时间内不仅要读完这么长的一篇文章，还要快速理清文章的脉络和逻辑帮助你作答。

要想提高长阅读的做题能力，就必须要以提高阅读速度为首要目标，从而，提高重要信息的抓取能力，主要逻辑线的整理能力，以及视角功能词，逻辑词等的标记能力。

提高单词的识别能力

提高单词的识别能力并不是说需要你认识文章中的所有单词，比如一些抽象名词，需要根据上下文来推测，不认识也没有关系。

而需要识别的是一些重要的具有态度方向的形容词，负向动词，因为这些词恰恰反映了作者的态度和文章的转折、递进等逻辑结构。

长难句训练

GRE考试的题目句子大都比较长，所以长难句的训练是必要的，每天都看一点GRE 长难句图解与精练，自己尽量分析，画逻辑图的方式，差不多每天5-10句花费10-20分钟左右的时间即可。

GRE 逻辑框架训练

逻辑框架的训练就是要求同学们在分析文章时，要注重预测下文的行文方向，理清楚文章的框架和主旨，是什么观点，是怎么论证的，有哪些重要的证据。

要多去思考及分析，做到主动阅读而非被动阅读。

限时训练

就如前文所说，咱们的核心就是要提高文章的阅读速度，读文章的时候，把握住文章的逻辑结构和主要观点即可，不需要深究细节，把握阅读及做题的pace，这需要一定时间的练习，所以在备考后期要逐渐开始进行限时训练，考前进行模考练习，专门针对考试的时间分配进行适应性训练。

综合练习

做GRE阅读的时候切忌完全的翻译成中文去理解，而是去分析文章的逻辑结构，可以利用逻辑单项里的题型：

比如：recognizethe assumption，review/evaluate the argument : weaken，strengthen, find the missing but must-be-true informationthat can be inferred and mostly supported by the passages, and apply theprinciples from the authors。

或者，也可以运用Argument作文中的驳论结构去找文章的行文结构。切忌翻译理解哦~~

GRE阅读记忆训练的三个步骤

如何培养考试所需的短期记忆能力呢?下面的小编将为你介绍具体步骤：

步骤一：首先记住文章框架

1.在3.5分钟左右阅读文章。

2.在每一段的结尾，一句话概括了该段的主要思路。

3.读完全文后，浏览每一段主旨，并做一个归纳性的总结。

4. 提炼文章的整体主旨。

上述步骤可以帮助考生熟悉全文并加快解决问题的速度。

步骤二：回顾检查记忆内容

1. 把刚才看过的文章翻过去，暂时不去看。

2. 在纸上写下刚才的每段主旨和文章整体主旨。

检查记忆是测试你在文章中实际记住了多少内容，这实际上也是GRE阅读理解考察的能力。

如果在刚开始练习时没有记住任何内容并不重要，但请不要在此阶段直接阅读该文章。只要尽可能地记下你记得的东西即可。

步骤三：结合记忆答题

1.现在我们可以把刚刚的文章翻回来再看一遍。

2.如果主题涉及到特定的细节，比如在某一行中描述特定的内容，那么立即找到文章的相关部分寻找答案。

3.如果这不是一个细节题，直接回答它。

4.如果能够确定答案，便立刻回答并继续进行下一个问题。

5.如果不能确认答案，再返回文章快速找到。

6.如果前面的步骤无法解决问题，那就做个记号空下，继续跟进下一个问题。

GRE阅读备考真题解析之器官移植

The transplantation of organs from one individual to another normally involves two major problems: (1) organ rejection is likely unless the transplantation antigens (a usually protein or carbohydrate substance (as a toxin or enzyme) capable of stimulating an immune response) of both individuals are nearly identical, and (2) the introduction of any unmatched transplantation antigens induces the development by the recipient of donor-specific lymphocytes that will produce violent rejection of further transplantations from that donor. However, we have found that among many strains of rats these “normal” rules of transplantation are not obeyed by liver transplants. Not only are liver transplants never rejected, but they even induce a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in which subsequent transplants of other organs, such as skin, from that donor are accepted permanently. Our hypothesis is that (1) many strains of rats simply cannot mount a sufficiently vigorous destructive immune-response (using lymphocytes) to outstrip the liver’s relatively great capacity to protect itself from immune-response damage and that (2) the systemic unresponsiveness observed is due to concentration of the recipient’s donor-specific lymphocytes at the site of the liver transplant.

17. The primary purpose of the passage is to treat the accepted generalizations about organ transplantation in which of the following ways?

(A) Explicate their main features

(B) Suggest an alternative to them

(D) Criticize the major evidence used to support them(E)

(E) Present findings that qualify them

18. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that an important difference among strains of rats is the

(A) size of their livers

(B) constitution of their skin

(D) sensitivity of their antigens(C)

(E) adaptability of their lymphocytes

19. According to the hypothesis of the author, after a successful liver transplant, the reason that rats do not reject further transplants of other organs from the same donor is that the

(A) transplantation antigens of the donor and the recipient become matched

(B) lymphocytes of the recipient are weakened by the activity of the transplanted liver

(D) transplanted liver continues to be the primary locus for the recipient’s immune-response reaction(D)

(E) recipient is unable to manufacture the lymphocytes necessary for the immune-response reaction

20. Which of the following new findings about strains of rats that do not normally reject liver transplants, if true, would support the authors’ hypothesis?

I. Stomach transplants are accepted by the recipients in all cases.

II. Increasing the strength of the recipient’s immune-response reaction can induce liver-transplant rejection.

III. Organs from any other donor can be transplanted without rejection after liver transplantation.

IV. Preventing lymphocytes from being concentrated at the liver transplant produces acceptance of skin transplants.

(A) II only

(B) I and III only

(D) I, II, and III only(A)

(E) I, III, and IV only

GRE双语阅读：五件事加快衰老速度

Your Lunchtime cola

午餐时的可乐

What it ages: Your bones

老化部位：骨骼

The science: Older women who drank a cola every day had significantly lower bone-mineral density than those who consumed less than one cola per month, according to a study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. It’s not exactly clear why cola had this effect, but the study researchers believe that it could be the combination of caffeine and phosphoric acid (which most other carbonated drinks don’t have) that causes the problem.

科学研究：《美国临床营养期刊》研究发现，年纪较大的女性如果每天喝一杯可乐，骨密度会远低于那些每月只喝不到一杯可乐的同龄女性。尚不明确可乐为何会产生这种影响，不过许多研究者认为可能是咖啡因与磷酸(其他大多数碳酸饮料不含该成分)结合，造成这个问题。

What you can do: Cut back. Keep in mind that diet cola had similar effects and, to a lesser extent, so did decaf versions. If you need bubbles, try seltzer instead.

解决办法：少饮可乐。记住，健怡可乐也会影响骨密度，不过程度比较轻，脱咖啡因可乐亦如此。如果你想喝碳酸饮料，选择苏打水泡腾片吧。

Your Daily Commute

日常交通

What it ages: Your skin

老化部位：皮肤

The science: The air you’re exposed to on the highway is no friend to your complexion. Traffic-related pollution can lead to age spots, according to a review in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, while another review in Frontiers in Environmental Science found that pollution contributes to overall skin aging, plus other problems like acne, eczema and psoriasis.

科学研究：路上的空气可不是皮肤的好朋友。《皮肤病学研究杂志》表明，交通污染会引发老年斑。《环境科学前沿》还发现，污染会导致皮肤整体老化并产生一系列问题，如粉刺、痤疮和牛皮鲜。

What you can do: Until someone comes up with a way to make a long commute shorter, these tips should help. First, if you drive an older car, roll your windows down instead of up when you’re sitting in traffic. (With an older air-filter system, you’ll just breath in your car’s own exhaust if you keep them up). Second, apply a topical antioxidant product to your face, neck in the morning to help protect your skin from environmental pollution.

解决办法：如果行程不可缩短，那这些方法也许有用。首先，如果你开的是旧车，开车时要把车窗摇下来。因为旧车的空气过滤设备老化，摇起车窗只会吸入车的尾气。其次，在脸和脖子上涂一些抗氧化性产品，减少环境污染带来的伤害。

A Hypercritical Boss

吹毛求疵的老板

What it ages: Your brain

老化部位：大脑

The science: Anxiety and stress can shrink your hippocampus, and in people already experiencing the cognitive decline that can lead to Alzheimer’s, they could potentially speed up the progression of the disease.

科学研究：压力和焦虑会使大脑中的海马体缩小。对于那些认知能力已经开始下降的、可能会得老年痴呆症的人来说，病情可能会加速发展。

Your hippocampus controls memory formation and also plays a role in regulating your emotions. It naturally gets smaller as we age, but a review in Current Opinion in Psychiatry found that stress can cause structural damage and accelerate the shrinking process.

海马体是大脑中负责记忆和感情的部分。随着年龄增加，它会不断缩小。不过，《精神医学最新观点》发现，压力会造成海马体结构性损伤，加速缩小进程。

“Cortisol is released when you’re stressed and cortisol is toxic to the hippocampus,” explains lead study author Linda Mah, an assistant professor of psychiatry at the University of Toronto and clinical scientist at the Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care. Before you get anxious about how stress and anxiety are affecting your brain, know this: The researchers concluded that “pathological anxiety and chronic stress” are the real dangers, meaning the kind that’s unrelenting and never seems to go away. If you think that’s what you’re experiencing, talk to your doctor about ways to manage it.

“紧张时会释放出皮质醇，对海马体百害无利，”研究作者Linda Mah表示，同时他还是东京大学的精神学助教、Baycrest老年护理中心的临床科学家。在你焦急的想知道焦虑和紧张是如何影响大脑之前，先弄清楚这些：研究人员认为“病态焦虑和慢性压力”是真正的元凶，这些可是顽固性因子。如果你觉得自己有这些症状，和医生谈谈解决办法。

Dr. Mah led another study in focusing on people with mild cognitive impairment, or MCI. (MCI is considered a precursor to Alzheimer’s. Not everyone with MCI develops Alzheimer’s, but almost all cases of Alzheimer’s start as MCI.) Subjects who experienced anxiety at any time were more likely to progress to Alzheimer’s during the three-year study. The more severe the anxiety, the higher the risk.

Mah医生在做了另一项研究，关注那些患有轻度认知障碍(MCI)的人。MCI是老年痴呆症的早期疾病，不是每一个有MCI的人都会得老年痴呆症，但是大多老年痴呆症的病人都是从患有MCI开始的。在这三年的研究中，容易焦虑的人更容易得老年痴呆症。焦虑程度越高，患病风险也越高。

What you can do: You’ve heard this before, but managing your stress levels is incredibly important. Exercise may be particularly helpful in dealing with work worries, according to a new study in the journal Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, which reported that being physically fit helped protect against the health effects of work-related stress.

解决方法：你之前可能听说过，学会控制压力至关重要。《运动医学与科学》杂志最新研究表明，锻炼也许能帮助减轻工作压力。同时，健康的身体也会帮助我们抵抗工作压力带来的不利影响。

Sleepless Nights

夜间失眠

What they age: Your cells

老化部位：细胞

The science: A startling discovery comes via a study in Biological Psychiatry, which reported that women with five key symptoms of insomnia were almost two years older biologically than women of the same age without sleep issues. (The insomnia symptoms were difficulty falling asleep, restlessness, waking up during the night, trouble dozing off again and waking up too early.) This study didn’t show an obvious cause-and-effect relationship, but study author Steve Horvath, PhD, notes that it’s still good not to let sleep issues linger.

科学研究：生物精神病学研究有一项惊人的发现，有五大失眠症状的女性在生理上要比同龄女性老两岁。五大失眠症包括入睡困难、情绪不安、夜间易醒、午休困难、过早起床。该研究并未显示明显的因果关系，但是研究作者Steve Horvath博士表示还是要解决这些失眠问题。

What you can do: Treat the insomnia. If you’re having trouble sleeping, or notice any of the five symptoms above, ask your doctor for help.

解决方法：治疗失眠。如果你入睡困难，有上述症状，向医生寻求帮助。

An Expanding Waistline

腰围增加

What it ages: Your brain

老化部位：大脑

The science: Our brains naturally lose white matter with age, but researchers from the University of Cambridge found that the brains of overweight and obese people had the same amount of white matter as healthy people 10 years older than them. Being physically unfit in middle age was also linked to smaller brain size, according to research in Neurology.

科学研究：大脑中的白质会随年龄增加而不断损耗。剑桥大学的研究人员发现，体重超重的人大脑中的白质与与比自己大10岁的人含量相当。神经病学研究表明，中年人身体不健康也会导致脑容量减小。

What you can do: Get regular exercise (the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise, or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise, per week) and manage your weight to help keep your brain at a healthy size for your age.

解决方法：锻炼。美国卫生与人类服务部建议，每周至少要有150分钟的有氧运动，或是75分钟的剧烈运动。并且要控制体重，以此保证正常的大脑容量。

篇4：如何提高GRE备考效率

如何提高你的GRE备考效率词汇篇知识大全分类汇总

十年前当时流传的言论是，考GRE几乎就等同于背单词。所有复习GRE的学生，几乎会把自己一半以上的复习时间都用在背《红宝书》上，而且传说这本书得翻来覆去背50遍才能达到考试要求。这种言论的影响力是如此之大，以至于现在GRE班上的学生仍然以为自己考不好新G主要是自己词汇量的缺陷，或者只要词汇搞定了，之后的复习就是一马平川。那么，就让我们来考虑一下词汇对于最终的GRE成绩有多大影响，以及我们到底应该采取什么策略来学习。

毫无疑问，最需要词汇量的部分就是填空了。以下面题目为例：

The students’ ______ nature were in sharp contrast to the imperturbable disposition of their teacher.

A. volatile

B. duplicitous

C. apathetic

D. cunning

E. blithe

诸如此类的题目在GRE填空中屡见不鲜，它的特点是，句内逻辑关系清晰，几乎所有人都知道空中要填的是和imperturbable相反的词。因此，这道题最后能不能做对，完全取决于考生是否认识imperturbable以及各个选项的单词。

原则上，填空可能会考到的单词量是无法精确测量的，毕竟ETS并没有一个所谓的单词范围。但这绝不意味着学生们需要无限量的背单词，或是选择单词量最大的GRE词汇书。为什么呢?首先，据统计，新GRE改革以来一共在填空考试中出现过的单词，除去六级考试考纲以内的单词，一共只有1700个不到，这个量显然不算夸张。这个数据告诉我们，如果我们要在填空中取得好的成绩，单词方面，我们在保证4、6级的单词熟练掌握的基础上，并不需要去背三四千个海量的单词。

没有必要追求1700这个数字，而是要先学习GRE核心单词库。

《红宝书》这样的单词库没有能够体现一个对同学们重要的变量，那就是词频。Avalanche(山崩)和Disparate(不同的)都是其中收录的词，哪个重要，你需要先背哪个?它并没有告诉你。事实是，像Avalanche这样的专有名词，出现的本来就不多，况且，在考场上不认识，几乎没有一点影响。于是，我们见到了很多GRE考生中的“词霸”，考场上却没有取得和词汇量成比例的成绩，就是因为他们把有限的经历花在了投入产出比相当低的地方。

因此，我们的建议是，一定要首先学习GRE核心单词库。什么是GRE的核心单词?比如表示“难懂的”这个意思的词汇 (impenetrable, arcane, inscrutable, unfathomable, esoteric, recondite, abstruse)，比如跟“矛盾、不同”意思相关的词汇 (irony, paradox, contradiction, dilemma, dichotomy, incongruity, inconsistency, incoherence, heterogeneity)，是每一次考试都会出现的。对这些词，我们不仅要做到认识，更要做到熟练联系同反义词，因为这部分单词在考试中是投入产出比最高的。

有些考生可能会根据考场经验反驳说，考试中填空有好几道题的单词没有见过，所以最后考砸了。显然，只背核心单词，一定会遇到某些题不认识。这是考砸的主要原因么?绝不可能。同学们必须知道GRE考试是一个容错率很高的考试。举个例子，当我考verbal 168分时，我的准确率是36/40，当我考verbal 163分时，我的准确率是30/40。显然，163分的语文成绩对于绝大部分学生来说都是非常理想的分数了，而得163分的人其实错了四分之一。绝大部分同学只需要一个verbal 155，不少人甚至可以对verbal 150满意，而verbal 150是两个section总共错了过半的。考砸的是哪些人呢?是那些考了140多分的学生。140多分是错了多少题?超过一半，接近错三分之二。这个错误率的同学，不应该抱怨自己速度慢，不应该抱怨核心单词范围小，只应该抱怨自己其实连最简单的，诸如我们前面举过的例子那样基本的题目都没有做对。

不要一味地抱着单词书刷单词，一定要结合题目。

这些能力是单纯的词汇书不会探讨的，并且在过遍数的时候我们不会去想的，只有在结合具体语境时才能意识到。再者，很多单词在词汇书中的中文翻译不合适，会对于做题产生负面影响，此时，一定要选择通过做题挑出这种单词，转而记其英文同义词释义。比如，arbitrary这个词经常被翻译成“独断的”，但其实在考试中，它就等同于random。然而，我们怎么知道哪个单词的中文翻译不准确呢?

我们的建议是，先背一两遍核心单词，记中文意思(这个中文意思可能是不准的，但是在第一阶段我们可以接受)，然

后就可以开始做填空题了。此时，如果遇到任何一道题目，明明题目完全理解，但是却不知道填哪个词，这很可能就是单词意义理解不准确，此时一定要看英文同义词释义，以后再记这个单词时，就要抛掉过去的中文解释。有的GRE教师建议大家记单词都记英文释义，这显然是绝大部分同学做不到的;但是，中文释义经常不准怎么办。以上的流程就是为了解决这个问题的。很多同学纯粹拿单词书记单词，不尽快结合考题，导致的结果就是中文意思记得滚瓜烂熟，但对于考试却没什么帮助。

GRE词汇备考技巧揭秘掌握文化背景方便记忆

chaos (n) 混乱：这个词来自于古希腊神话中最古老的神Chaos，由于这个神一出世的时候世界处于一片非常混乱的状态，所以这个词的意思引申为混乱。

titanic (adj) 巨大的：这个词来自于古希腊神话中12个Titan神，这12个神都长得非常之高大，于是这个词的意思就是巨大的。其实这个词大家不应该陌生，有个著名的电影就是Titanic，那艘船不就是一艘巨大的船吗。

gorgon(n. 丑女)：它来自于希腊神话中三个女妖怪Gorgons, 这三个女妖外表非常丑陋，头发都是一条条的蛇，所以引申为丑女。当中的一个女妖Medusa尤其有名，相传别人看了她的眼睛马上就会变成石头，后来被希腊神话著名英雄Perseus所杀。

irisdescent(adj. 彩虹色的)：来自于古希腊神话中的彩虹女神Iris, 她是主神Zeus的使者，彩虹的化身，所以引申为彩虹色的。

sphinx(n.谜一样的人或事物)：这个词来自于古希腊神话中的著名女妖Sphinx，它出过一个著名的谜语：什么东西早上四条腿，中午两条腿，晚上三条腿，谜底就是我们人类。因为人早上刚出生时用两只手两条腿爬，中午时成年了就站立起来走路也就是两条腿了，晚年时老年了拄根拐杖就三条腿了，所以这个词引申为谜一样的人或事物。后来它被希腊神话中著名英雄Oedipus所杀。

tentalize(v. 逗弄，引诱但是又不给)：这个词的词义颇为古怪。它来自于希腊神话中的Tantalus,此君乃是希腊神话中的主神Zeus的儿子，有一次他把很多神请到家里来吃饭，为了考察这帮神是否具有敏锐的洞察力，就把自己的儿子给杀了熬成一锅肉来吃，这帮神觉得Tantalus过于残暴，就惩罚它站在冥河里，每次Tantalus口渴了想要低头喝水时，水面就会下降，这样他就喝不到水了，而Tantalus的头上又有棵果树，每次Tantalus饿了想要吃果子时，一阵风又会把果树吹到半空，这样他也吃不到果子了。所以tantalize就引申为逗弄，引诱但是又不给你。

stentorian(adj.声音十分响亮的)：希腊Troy战争中有个传令官叫Stentor，他的声音十分响亮，相传此人一个人的声音可以抵上别人十个人的声音，所以词义为声音十分响亮的。

GRE考试中without的各种常见考法

【常考释义1】

没有，不带(某种感情)： If you do something without a particular feeling, you do not have that feeling when you do it.

【例句】

Janet Magnusson watched his approach without enthusiasm... 珍妮特·马格努森冷冷地看着他走过来。

【官方真题1】

The idealized paintings of nature produced in the eighteenth century are evidencethat the medieval ------natural settings had been ----- and that the outdoors nownow could be enjoyed without trepidation.

(A) fear of.. exorcised

(B) concerns about.. regained

(D) disinterest in.. alleviated

(E) enthusiasm for.. confronted

浅析：答案选A。在该真题中，without trepidation为不带有恐惧之情的意思。

整一句的含义是：这幅诞生于18世纪的对自然理想化的画画作品是一个证据，那就是在中世纪对自然环境的害怕之情已经被驱赶掉，并且人们在欣赏室外风光的时候也毫无恐惧之情。

该句evidence后有2个同位语从句，前后互为重复关系。而且在时间方面的对比方面：中世纪和现在表明了在过去大家对nature是恐惧的，现在已经不再恐惧，此为恐惧的重复。其次，natural setting 和outdoors为重复的第2处，当然，该句还有其他的重复，限于篇幅的问题，今天姑且不讨论。

【常考释义2】

在没有(发生或做某事)的情况下： If one thing happens without another thing, or if you do something without doing something else, the second thing does not happen or occur.

【例句】

如果主句没有否定的情况下，其实这个考法比较容易理解。

但如果在主句中出现了否定，不少没经过我们的培训的同学问题就来了。

下面我们来看看GRE官方阅读中的一篇文章节选部分：

Why then the two years that passed before he translated his private misgivings into public dissent? Perhaps he believed that he could not criticize American foreign policy without endangering the support for civil rights that he had won from the federal government.

该句很多同学不理解，其实很简单的。

我们先看一个简单的例句

It is not possible to reposition the carpet without damaging it. 想要挪动地毯又不让它损坏是不可能的。

也就是without后面的部分是前面可以做一件事的前提。

也就是，你只有损坏它，你才可以挪动地毯。

有了这个基础，我们再来看刚才那个GRE的难句。

Perhaps he believed that he could not criticize American foreign policywithoutendangering the support for civil rights that he had won from the federal government.

意思估计你也看得懂了，

这里我啰嗦一下，

其实就是说，可能马丁路德金他相信，要想批评美国政府的外交政策又不危害到他已经从联邦政府那里获得的对民权的支持是不可能的。

也就是说，如果他一旦批评了美国的外交政策，那么他已经得到的政府对他民权方面的支持也肯定会受到影响。

【常考释义3】

【官方真题3】

According to one political theorist, a regime that has as

its goal absolute_____, without any_____law or principle, has

declared war on justice.

(A) respectability.. codification of

(B) supremacy ..suppression of

(D) fairness .. deviation from

(E) responsibility ..prioritization of

浅析：该题大家可以试试，我个人认为选B。理由是，首先，该句的主干部分是a regime has declared war on justice.同时该题从句部分出现了倒装，上过我的课的同学都应该看得出来，has...as...也就是我们经常说的has A as B .

由于A部分：【absolute_____, without any_____law or principle】出现了复杂的修饰，所以放在B后。也就是出现了has as B A ,也就是说，第一空格和第二空格应该是同义重复。因为without...其实是解释第一空格。把选项B填进去，我们发现，从句部分的A部分【absolute_____, without any_____law or principle的意思是：绝对的至高无上的权力=不受任何法律和原则的抑制。

什么是supremacy呢?也就是凌驾于所有的法律和原则之上，也就是不受任何的法律和原则的suppression.

对吧?

完整的这句话的意思其实我个人非常喜欢：

大意是：

According to one political theorist, a regime that has as its goal absolutesupremacy, without any suppression of law or principle, has declared war on justice.

根据一个政治理论家，一个把绝对至高无上的权力，也就是不受任何的法律和原则的约束，当做它的目标的政权(regime)，就已经是对公正的宣战。

perfect，isn't it ?

嘻嘻^^

【注意】suppress:to curtail or prohibit the activities of.

除了上面说到的的考法，其实在阅读中，

还有作名词的考法。

我们一起来看看吧

【常考释义4】

外部，外面： an outer place or area

【例句】came from without 从外面回来

【官方真题4】

Of Homer’s two epic poems, the Odyssey has always been more popular than theIliad,perhaps because it includes more features of mythology that are accessible to readers. Its subject (to use Maynard Mack’s categories) is “life-as-spectacle,”for readers, diverted by its various incidents, observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without; the tragic Iliad, however, presents“life-as-experience”: readers are asked to identify with the mind of Achilles,whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero.

该篇文章中，相信很多考生都做过。

其实我一直强调2点：

1，GRE阅读一般不需要任何的文章背景。

2，看文章切忌简单的翻译，谨记文章的逻辑关系和区别主题与细节，有的放矢地积极看文章即可。

比较讽刺的是，大多数的学生都完全没有独立思考能力，完全是听所谓的权威某某老师或者作品。

纯粹扯淡。

anyway，在这篇文章里，其实主题就是对比或者比较两部作品，具体是什么作品在考试里其实没那么重要，当然，有点文学素养的学生也自然知道是在说荷马的2部牛逼史诗。

这里我们姑且看做O和I。

Of Homer’s two epic poems, the Odyssey has always been more popular than theIliad,perhaps because it includes more features of mythology that are accessible to readers.

第一句说：在荷马的两部史诗里，O一直比I更加popular,可能是因为O包括的一些让读者更加容易理解的神话features.

这一句就是主题，

后面全文都在阐述为何O就是比I受欢迎。

我也说过1千万遍，主题永远都是抽象，概括性的。

而细节永远是对主题的具体重复和延伸。

接着，第2句就来继续说为何O比I更加受欢迎。

Its subject (to use Maynard Mack’s categories) is “life-as-spectacle,”for readers, diverted by its various incidents, observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without; the tragic Iliad, however, presents“life-as-experience”: readers are asked toidentify with the mind of Achilles,whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero.

这句如果考生经过我们的难句训练，其实会非常简单。

记得，先分层阅读。

主要的逻辑是：however前后对比。

identify with sb.意思是和谁产生共鸣的意思。

observe在文中其实任何的简单的中文翻译都会显得不多，其实意思和identify with 一样，但如果真的需要翻译，大家可以理解为：了解，认识to come to realize or know especially through consideration of noted facts

比如from without和 the mind。分别是从外面和内心世界的意思。

其次是引号部分的对比。

还有就是两部作品的主角的对比：

hero Odysseus和Achilles的对比。

前者读者从外面来认识Odysseus，而在悲剧中，读者需要和Achilles的内心世界产生共鸣，其实也就是从内心世界来认识Achilles。

GRE的阅读之所以让我为之狂热，其实就是在文章里，

你完全可以体会到作者的文学素养和用词博大精深。

行文滴水不漏，得理的时候又不忘处处让步，转折让步的同时，也必然出现更加滴水不漏的咄咄逼人

GRE考试otherwise含义详解

【常考释义1】

In another way; differently:

以另外的方式;不同地

【例句1】

She thought otherwise.

她从另一个侧面考虑

【例句2】

The studio could punish its players by keeping them out of work, and otherwise controlling their lives.

电影公司能通过让艺人坐冷板凳来惩罚他们，并采用其他方式控制他们的生活。

【常考释义2】

Under other circumstances:

否则，不然：在其他的情况下;不然：

【例句】

Otherwise I might have helped.

不然我也许可以帮得上忙的

【常考释义3】

In other respects:

在其他方面：

【例句】

an otherwise logical mind.

在其他方面才有逻辑的头脑

【常考释义4】

if not否则，如果不

【例句】

do what I tell you, otherwise you'll be sorry

【常考释义5】

与之不同地;相反地 You use otherwise to refer in a general way to actions or situations that are very different from, or the opposite to, your main statement.

【例句1】

There is no way anything would ever happen between us, and believe me I've tried to convince myself otherwise...

相信我，我已经努力试图说服自己我们之间存有希望，但我们真的是绝对不可能的。

【例句2】

All photographs are by the author unless otherwise stated.

若无特殊说明，所有照片均出自该作者。

这个例句，其实和我们在考试题目里经常出现的这么一句很像：

For each of Questions 17 to 20, select one answer choice unless otherwise directed.

现在你应该知道这句话什么意思了吧。

【常考短语1】

or otherwise 或者and otherwise

及其他;或相反;或其反面

You use or otherwise or and otherwise to mention something that is not the thing just referred to or is the opposite of that thing.

【例句】

He didn't want company, talkative or otherwise.

他不想跟人搭伴，不管这个伴儿是否健谈。

下面我们来看看官方真题是如何考的。

【官方真题1】

The author of this book----overlooks or minimizes some of the problems and shortcomings in otherwise highly successful foreign industries in order to----the points on which they excel and on which we might try to emulate them.

(A) accidentally.. exaggerate

(B) purposely.. emphasize

(D) intentionally.. confuse

(E) cleverly.. compound

解析：答案为B。该题中，otherwise到底是什么意思呢?

从上面我们给出的释义中，应该是其他方面的意思，

也就是常考释义3。

那么该句中，大意是在说：这本书的作者故意忽略或是尽量减少国外工业的缺点和问题，这些国外的工业在其他方面都是非常成功的，作者这样的目的是为了强调国外工业的优势，对于这些优势我们是可以超越他们的。

其中，本句的in otherwise highly successful 也就是后面的they excel重复。该句的意思是说作者故意忽略国外企业的缺点--也就是强调他们的优势，从而让国内的人们清楚自己的弱点而奋力追赶(emulate)。非常好的一道题目^^

【官方真题2】

Poe's ------- reviews of contemporary fiction, which often find great merit in otherwise ------ literary gems, must make us respect his critical judgment in addition to his well-known literary talent.

(A) thorough.. completed

(B) petulant.. unpopular

(D)enthusiastic.. acclaimed

(E) harsh.. undeserving

解析：该题的大意是说：艾伦对当代小说的富有洞察力的评论，总是能够发现出otherwise都不被人欣赏的文学精品中的巨大优点，(这种富有洞察力的评论)一定会使我们尊崇他广为人知的文学天赋之外的判断力。

otherwise在该考题中应该是其他情况下的意思，也就是常考释义2.

答案为C。

篇5：GRE阅读备考间提高答题效率

GRE阅读备考间提高答题效率

GRE阅读提高技巧1：保持好奇心

在GRE阅读平时的练习中，想必大家都会经常读到一些晦涩难懂的概念，这个时候，不同的态度就会对之后的学习产生一些影响。比较积极的思考方式是“真有意思啊，我又了解到某些东西”。虽然事实上你可能一辈子也不会再读到这些文章，去了美国你也只会读关于你专业的学术文章，但GRE为你提供了一个平台，让你去涉猎更多的领域。当你读到美国宪法修正案、美国黑人奴隶斗争史、女性作家时试着让自己置身于这样一个年代，你会发现自己更投入。而在这一过程中，你的知识面也得到了开拓，有时候还会学到一些新的词汇和其他内容，无形之中便提升了自己的英语阅读水平和知识积累。

GRE阅读提高技巧2：记录新概念/事件/人物

GRE阅读的pre-knowledge到底有没有用?对于这点，很多老师和学生的看法都不太相同，考虑到GRE阅读有两个难点：句子晦涩难懂和做题时间非常有限，一遍必须读懂，

如果你事先对某一概念了解了，那么pre-knowledge绝对可以帮你化险为夷。但是不要把自己的观点过多的带入到文章，这样会影响你的理解。而当你在阅读的时候读到了自己不熟悉的概念，可以Notebook或者Word等随时记下感兴趣或者不知道想要查阅的东西，或是直接上GOOGLE搜索一下相关概念，对于以后的阅读积累也是很有帮助的。

GRE阅读提高技巧3：主动去阅读

这是一个再强调也不过分的习惯。做GRE阅读练习时，积极的心态十分必要，也就是主动去读，消极被动的阅读态度和习惯会让你读完一篇文章根本不知道讲了什么，无形中便降低了学习效率。而主动读文章最好的方法就是PEAR法。这个不是梨的意思，而是四点首字母的集合：

1. Pause，读完每个段落停下来;

2. Evaluate，总结大意，思考此段落的作用;

3. Anticipate，预期下一段会讲什么;

4. Reassess，读完下一段再对第二步的evaluate进行评估。

读下一段接着继续PEAR直到全文读完，Reassess全文并清晰了解全文的行文方式和逻辑构思。

GRE阅读提高技巧4：Passage Map

读完文章用10-15秒在脑子里画一下这个文章的Map，行文方式，每一段讲了什么，作者态度。这是最重要的10到15秒，很多考生忽视了这10到15秒直接跳去做题，这样你不但对整篇文章做不到心中有数，更会造成读了后面忘了前面。

你在每一次读完一篇GRE文章，都需要在脑子里形成一个Passage Map，这是非常重要的。

掌握GRE阅读中出现的转折词

GRE阅读文章中常用的转折词有7个：but, however, yet, though, nevertheless, nonetheless, still。其中前四个为强转折词，后三个为让步式转折。读到这里，有的同学可能会疑惑：though不是让步连接词吗?没错，though一般情况下做连词，连接让步状语从句(句内转折)。但是如果是在两个逗号之间的though，则是副词，相当于however。如这句话About the same time, though, scientists realized comets might contain decaying radioactive isotopes that could have warmed cometary interiors to temperatures that caused the interiors to evolve. 此句表明科学家们完全不同意前一句的看法。让步式转折只要出现，必然是考点，同时也是容易丢分的点。

下面我们来一起看一篇GRE阅读文章：

Astronomers who study planet formation once believed that comets—because they remain mostly in the distant Oort cloud, where temperatures are close to absolute zero—must be pristine relics of the material that formed the outer planets. The conceptual shift away from seeing comets as pristine relics began in the 1970s, when laboratory simulations revealed there was sufficient ultraviolet radiation reaching comets to darken their surfaces and there were sufficient cosmic rays to alter chemical bonds or even molecular structure near the surface. Nevertheless, astronomers still believed that when a comet approached the Sun—where they could study it—the Sun’s intense heat would remove the corrupted surface layer, exposing the interior. About the same time, though, scientists realized comets might contain decaying radioactive isotopes that could have warmed cometary interiors to temperatures that caused the interiors to evolve.

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

1. It can be inferred that the author would agree with which of the following statements about the “laboratory simulations”?

A. The simulations showed that despite the low temperatures in the Oort cloud, there was sufficient energy there to alter comet

B. Astronomers were initially reluctant to accept what simulation showed about the composition of comets

C. The simulations themselves did not eliminate the possibility that comets contain pristine relics of material from the early solar system.

这是一道不定项选择题。答案是AC，很多同学都选上了B选项，他们觉得 laboratory simulations这句话后马上出现了Nevertheless, astronomers still believed……..，因为nevertheless一词, 所以有的同学会觉得astronomers不会接受前一句的laboratory simulations的结果的。但是要知道，nevertheless和 nonetheless一样表示的都是让步式转折，也就是说天文学家接受前一句的实验结果，但是他们持不同的观点。所谓让步式转折就是接受前面的事实陈述部分，但是不接受观点。

GRE填空题的基本特征有哪些

基本特征

01 题目数量

一个Verbal的section中总量有20题，其中填空占到10道，其余的10道题目是Reading Comprehension(阅读理解)。

02 题目形式

Text Completion中可以根据空格数量分成：单空题，双空题即三空题。其中单空题有五个选项，选择一个正确答案;双空题和三空题均是每空三个选项，选择一个正确答案。举例如下：

单空题

Early studies often concluded that the public was ______ the propagandistic influence of mass communications, but one recent study indicates that, on the contrary, mass communications seldom produce marked changes in social attitudes or actions.

(A) unaware of

(B) scornful of

(D) unimpressed by

(E) coping with

(参见Official GRE VERBAL REASONING Practice Questions第58页第3题)

双空题

The figure-skating pair’s convincing victory last week was particularly (i)______ to their rivals who were in peak form and complained privately about the judging. That the pair won when their rivals were (ii)______ too is also impressive.

Blank(i) Blank(ii)

(A) unsurprising (D) terrific

(B) irksome (E) nervous

(参见Official GRE VERBAL REASONING Practice Questions第58页第4题)

三空题

The company’s efforts to improve safety were apparently (i)______, at least according to the company’s own data, which showed that the (ii)______ incidents with the potential to cause a serious accident declined significantly. Nevertheless, independent analysts argue that those statistics are (iii)______. These analysts maintain that the company has consistently underestimated both the probability and the likely effects of accidents in the sensitive and poorly understood environment in which the company is operating.

Blank(ii) Blank(ii) Blank(iii)

(A) innovative (D) frequency of (G) deceptive

(B) successful (E) impediments to (H) testable

(参见Official GRE VERBAL REASONING Practice Questions第59页第7题)

Sentence Equivalence题目有一个空格，选项有留个，要求从其中选择出两个使句子语义最终一致，或者说选出两个广义同义的选项。举例如下：

Parkin’s characterization of the movement as Neo-Scholastic is too ______ to be accepted without further investigation.

(A) cursory

(B) detailed

(D) biased

(E) self-evident

(F) complete

(参见Official GRE VERBAL REASONING Practice Questions第86页第5题)

篇6：GRE阅读备考经验

GRE阅读备考经验分享：要学会取舍和做好标记

1、一句话只看一遍，充分利用自己的语法知识，时刻把握句子主干，修饰成分要毫无感觉得快速浏览。

2、做标记除了大写字母、时间年代、最高级、转折标志词、因果标志词、列举、让步、强对比以外，还要标记出并列连接词、分号、冒号、表示态度的词，原因我会在下面的取舍中谈到。我的做标记的小窍门：标记符号不要只用一种，也不要过多，个人感觉最多三种，分别标记原因、转折和其他，不过我自己只用下划线和括号。

3、一定要取舍。

我以前的标准是：

a)让步分句一律跳过，只看后半个分句;

b)such as后的内容一律跳过，也用括号括起来，不过我会数数列举的个数，如果是4个，则必出题，其他个数不用管，出题了再回头看;

c)for example举例只要提炼关键词的首字母就可以了，也要括起来，重点看后面或前面的结论。

d)原因——标志词常为because、since——一律跳过，括起来，只看结果。比较容易被忽略的是result in和result from，遇到这两个，我在下面划横线做标记。

e)老观点只把握关键词、知道讲的是什么就行，其他一律跳过。

f)冒号后一律跳过，冒号下做标记。

g)分号后一律跳过，因为表示并列，内容和前面大体一致，分号做标记，出题的话再回来看。

我现在的标准是：

上面这些全看，因为速度上来了，但看这些内容时仍然是“毫无感觉”地看，可以不用担心它们会分散注意力了。

当这些内容都做标记后，文章结构就非常清楚了，哪儿是举例、哪儿是结论、哪儿是原因、哪儿是转折一目了然，定位非常容易。

4.我的提高阅读速度的不二法门：反复阅读已经读过的文章，5遍左右吧!慢慢地就会产生一种直觉，知道哪里略读哪里重读。

新GRE逻辑阅读

1.Patel:Although enrollment in the region's high school has been decreasing for several years, enrollment at the elementary school has grown considerably. Therefore, the regional school board proposes building a new elementary school.

Quintero: Another solution would be to convert some high school classrooms temporarily into classrooms for elementary school students. Which of the following, if true, most helps to support

Quintero's alternative proposal?

(A) Some rooms at the high school cannot be con-verted into rooms suitable for the use of ele-mentary school students.

(B) The cost of building a high school is higher than the cost of building an elementary school.

(C) Although the birth rate has not increased, the number of families sending their children to the region's high school has increased markedly.

(D) A high school atmosphere could jeopardize the safety and self-confidence of elementary school students.

(E) Even before the region's high school population began to decrease, several high school class-rooms rarely needed to be used.

2. Peter: More than ever before in Risland, college graduates with science deGREes are accepting permanent jobs in other fields. That just goes to show that scientists in Risland are not being paid enough.

Lila: No, it does not. These graduates are not working in science for the simple reason that there are not enough jobs in science in Risland to employ all of these graduates.

Which of the following, if true in Risland, would most undermine the reasoning in Peter's argument?

(A) The college graduates with science deGREes who are not working in science are currently earning lower salaries than they would earn as scientists.

(B) Fewer college students than ever before are receiving deGREes in science.

(D) A significant number of college graduates with science deGREes worked at low-paying jobs while they were in college.

(E) Every year some recent college graduates with science deGREes accept permanent jobs in nonscientific fields.

3.Counselor: Every year a popular newsmagazine pub-lishes a list of United States colleges, ranking them according to an overall numerical score that is a composite of ratings according to sev-eral criteria. However, the overall scores gen-erally should not be used by students as the basis for deciding to which colleges to apply.Which of the following, if true, most helps to justify the counselor's recommendation?

(A) The vast majority of people who purchase the magazine in which the list appears are not college-bound students.

(B) Colleges that are ranked highest in the magazine's list use this fact in advertisements aimed at attracting students.

(D) The significance that particular criteria have for any two students is likely to differ according to the students' differing needs.

(E) Some college students who are pleased with their schools considered the magazine's rankings before deciding which college to attend.

4. A thorough search of Edgar Allan Poe's correspon-dence has turned up not a single letter in which he mentions his reputed morphine addiction. On the basis of this evidence it is safe to say that Poe's reputation for having been a morphine addict is undeserved and that reports of his supposed addiction are untrue. Which of the following is assumed by the argumentabove?

(A) Reports claiming that Poe was addicted to mor-phine did not begin to circulate until after his death.

(B) None of the reports of Poe's supposed morphine addiction can be traced to individuals who actu-ally knew Poe.

(D) Poe would have been unable to carry on an extensive correspondence while under the influence of morphine.

(E) Fear of the consequences would not have pre-vented Poe from indicating in his correspon-dence that he was addicted to morphine.

5. Adelle: The government's program to reduce the unemployment rate in the province of Carthena by encouraging job creation has failed, since the rate there has not changed appreciably since the program began a year ago.

Fran: But the unemployment rate in Carthena had been rising for three years before the program began, so the program is helping.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly counters Fran's objection to Adelle's argument?

(A) The government is advised by expert economists, some of whom specialize in employment issues.

(B) The unemployment rate in the province of Carthena has historically been higher than that of the country as a whole.

(C) The current government was elected by a wide margin, because of its promises to reduce the unemployment rate in Carthena.

(D) Around the time the government program began, large numbers of unemployed Carthena residents began leaving the province to look for work elsewhere.

(E) The unemployment rate in Carthena had been relatively stable until shortly before the current government took office.

6. Soft Drink Manufacturer：Our new children's soft drink, RipeCal, is fortified with calcium. Since calcium is essential for developing healthy bones, drinking RipeCal regularly will help make children healthy. Consumer Advocate：But RipeCal also contains large amounts of sugar, and regularly consuming large amounts of sugar is unhealthful, especially for children. In responding to the soft drink manufacturer, the consumer advocate does which of the following?

(A)Challenges the manufacturer's claim about the nutritional value of calcium in children's diets

(B)Argues that the evidence cited by the manufac-turer, when properly considered, leads to a conclusion opposite to that reached by themanufacturer.

(C)Implies that the manufacturer of a product is typically unconcerned with the nutritional value of that product.

(D)Questions whether a substance that is healthful when eaten in moderation can be unhealthful when eaten in excessive amounts.

(E)Presents additional facts that call into question the conclusion drawn by the manufacturer.

7.Over a period of several months, researchers attached small lights to the backs of wetas—flightless insects native to New Zealand—enabling researchers for the first time to make comprehensive observations of the insects' nighttime activities.Thus, since wetas forage only at night, the researchers' observations will significantly improve knowledge of the normal foraging habits of wetas.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

(A) Researchers were interested only in observing the wetas' foraging habits and so did not keep track of other types of behavior.

(B) No pattern of behavior that is exhibited by wetas during the nighttime is also exhibited by wetas during the daytime.

(C)Attaching the small lights to the wetas' backs did not GREatly alter the wetas' normal nighttime foraging habits.

(D)Wetas typically forage more frequently during the months in which the researchers studied them than they do at other times.

(E)The researchers did not use other observational techniques to supplement their method of using small lights to track the nighttime behavior of wetas.

8.People whose bodies cannot produce the substance cytochrome P450 are three times as likely to develop Parkinson's disease, a disease that affects the brain, as are people whose bodies do produce this substance. Since cytochrome P450 protects the brain from toxic chemicals, toxic chemicals probably play a role in the development of Parkinson's disease. Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the argument?

(A)It will soon be possible for cytochrome P450 to be synthesized for the treatment of people whose bodies cannot produce this substance.

(B)Many people whose bodies are unable to produce cytochrome P450 lack the ability to produce certain other substances as well.

(C)Cytochrome P450 has no effect on the brain other than to protect it from toxic chemicals.

(D)People with Parkinson's disease often exhibit a marked lessening in the severity of their symp- toms when they are treated with dopamine, a chemical produced naturally in the brain.

(E)Many people with Parkinson's disease have the ability to produce cytochrome P450 naturally.

9.The early universe contained only the lightest elements, hydrogen and helium. Heavier elements, such as carbon, form only in nuclear reactions in stars and are dispersed when the stars explode. A recently discovered gas cloud contained carbon several billion years ago, when the universe wasno more than two billion years old.If the statements above are true, which of thefollowing must, on the basis of them, also be true?

(A)The earliest stars contained only hydrogen.

(B)Some stars were formed before the universe was two billion years old.

(C)The carbon in the gas cloud later formed part of some stars.

(D)No stars identified to date are as old as the gas cloud.

(E)The gas cloud also contained hydrogen andhelium.

10.Sleep deprivation is a known cause of workplace error, and many physicians frequently go without sleep for periods of 24 hours or more. However, few of these physicians have, in the course of a routine examination by a peer, been diagnosed with sleep deprivation.So there is little cause for concern that habitual sleep deprivation will cause widespread physician error. The answer to which of the following questions would be most helpful in evaluating the argument?

(A)Do physicians who have been diagnosed with sleep disorders also show signs of other ills not related to sleep deprivation?

(B)Is the ability to recognize the symptoms of sleep deprivation in others significantly impaired by habitual sleep deprivation?

(C)Do factors other than habitual sleep deprivation ever lead to errors in the workplace on the part of physicians?

(D)Of people who have recently been treated by physicians, what percentage believe that many physicians have occasionally suffered from sleep deprivation?

(E)Is the incidence of sleep deprivation higher among physicians than it is among other health care workers?

11.A list of the fifteen operas most frequently performed in recent times includes no works by the nineteenth- century German composer Richard Wagner. Although music producers tend to produce what audiences want, relative infrequency of performance probably does not indicate lack of popularity in Wagner's case, since Wagner's operas are notoriously expensive to perform on stage. Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the conclusion of the argument above?

(A)The list of most frequently performed operas does not include operas produced by small amateur groups.

(B)Some opera companies are backed by patrons who are willing to commit large sums of money in order to enjoy lavish productions.

(C)All of the fifteen most frequently performed operas of recent times are works that have been popular for at least 75 years.

(D)More recordings have been produced recently of the works of Wagner than of the works of any other composer of opera.

(E)Operatic works of all kinds have been increasing in popularity in recent years.

12.The bodies of dwarf individuals of mammalian species are generally smaller in relation to those of nondwarf individuals than are the teeth of the dwarf individuals in relation to those of the nondwarf indi- viduals. Fragmentary skeletal remains of an adult dwarf woolly mammoth were recently found. The teeth are three-fourths the size of the teeth of an average adult nondwarf woolly mammoth. The statements above, if true, most strongly support which of the following?

(A)The body of the dwarf woolly mammoth was less than three-fourths the size of the body of an average adult nondwarf woolly mammoth.

(B)None of the teeth of the dwarf woolly mammoth that were recently discovered was as large as any of the teeth of nondwarf woolly mammoths that have been discovered.

(C)The teeth of most adult dwarf individuals of mammalian species are three- fourths the size of the teeth of the adult nondwarf individuals of the same species.

(D)Dwarf woolly mammoths had the same number of teeth as did nondwarf woolly mammoths.

(E)Dwarf individuals of most mammalian species are generally no more than three-fourths the size of the adult nondwarf individuals of those species.

13.Excluding purchases by businesses, the average amount spent on a factory-new car has risen 30 per- cent in the last five years. In the average household budget, the proportion spent on car purchases has remained unchanged in that period. Therefore the average household budget must have increased by 30 percent over the last five years.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?

(A)The average number of factory-new cars pur-chased per household has remained unchanged over the last five years.

(B)The average amount spent per car by businesses buying factory-new cars has risen 30 percent in the last five years.

(C)The proportion of the average household budgetspent on all car-related expenses has remained unchanged over the last five years.

(D)The proportion of the average household budget spent on food and housing has remained unchanged over the last five years.

(E)The total amount spent nationwide on factory- new cars has increased by 30 percent over the last five years.

篇7：GRE阅读备考建议

GRE阅读备考建议

一、提高技能

其实，提高GRE阅读能力是提高几项具体技能，比如对文章结构的把握(这是做主题和态度题的关键)、对常规考点的熟悉程度、以及对原文与选项之间相应规则的掌握。

如果你只是盲目地做问题，不总结和积累需要掌握的知识和技能，那么做问题的目的只是为了赶上进度，没有任何改进的帮助。因此，在进行gre阅读练习时，不应盲目追求阅读量，而应真正提高阅读质量。

此外，GRE阅读是一个长期的过程，更不用说几天的练习会有效果。即使你做了很长时间，只要你的方法是正确的，效果可能并不明显。因此，这一次是最关键的时刻，往往离胜利只有一步之遥。如果我们坚持下去，我们就会得到启发。

二。掌握文章的结构

文章的结构是阅读问题整体思维的关键。gre阅读备考, gre考试培训掌握文章的结构，就会知道文章的大致脉络，文章的大致意思几乎是一样的。文章的结构类型和标志词，gre阅读备考, gre备考要多久以及文章的结构类型和主题之间的关系，仔细分析一个主题的正确答案是如何描述原文的主题和结构的，事实上，正确答案是文章中心句的改写形式，最重要的是找出原文的中心句，这有助于读者更深入地理解原文的结构。有效的方法。

三、熟悉定期考点

俗话说，知己知彼，百战百胜。如果你想快速克服GRE阅读困难，你需要了解问题制造者的想法。根据题目，我们可以推断出原来的考点，考查了原文的哪些内容，是否注意到这些内容并加以标注，这些内容中可以总结出哪些规律和特色词。这个总结很重要。如果坚持下去，过一段时间就会发现一些固定的原创问题，将来读原创时自然会注意到。

GRE阅读：长难句分析

However，as they gained cohesion，the Bluestockings came to regard themselves as a women’s group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres，who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon. (4-)

起初，蓝袜女们确实模仿了法国沙龙女主人，将男性襄括到其小圈子中来。然则，随着她们获得的凝聚力，她们渐趋将自己视作一女性团体，并拥有了一种妇女团结意识，而这种意识在法国沙龙女主人身上则荡然无存，因为她们每个人在其自己的沙龙中自视甚高而彼此孤立隔绝开来。

难句类型：复杂修饰

解释：本句读到表示并列的连词and开始变难。and之后的不定式与前面的不定式是并列的，to的前面省略了一个与前面一样的谓语came。 lacking之后的分词作定语修饰a sense of female solidarity其后的由who引导的定语从句又修饰逗号前面的salonnieres此从句中又有一个定语从句that each salonniere held in her own salon修饰其前的primacy,但是由于引导词that在从句中作宾语，因此被省略。

GRE阅读：解析倒装句

在GRE阅读中，考生往往会因为倒装结构的不清晰导致无法理顺整个句子的结构与来龙去脉，所谓倒装也就是为了实现强调句子的某个成分对原有句子结构进行的语言顺序上的某些调整和变化。某些情况往往说话人也会为了某种修辞目的采用倒装结构，修辞目的的倒装结构以文学作品居多。通常在考试的情况下，试题命题人往往会出于某种迷惑考生的目的，有意将句子结构进行改写，在GRE阅读的很多文章中我们都可以发现这种情况。下面我们就结合几个典型的实例来对倒装结构进行分析常见倒装搭配的几种情况：

及物动词加介词：固定词组的固定搭配中，经常出现倒装情况。

例如：bring A to B，写作：Bring to B A例：Yet Walter’s argument , however deficient , does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who ,no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.

翻译：然而，沃尔泽的论点，无论它不充分到何种地步，确实揭示了资本主义体制中最为严重的一个弱点，即它将某一类人置于社会中的显赫位置，这类人无论以怎样合法的手段获得了其物质报酬，却常常缺乏其它那些能唤起他人爱戴和钦佩的品质。

如果从bring A to B的角度去分析这个句子，则这个句子应该将people who....or admiration写到it brings 后面，之所以原句子不这样做，则遵循了英语的句尾信息焦点原则，从而尾部信息成为一种受到强调的部位.根据这条原则，说话人要强调什么意思，便可以让他出现在句子的句尾，而传递的信息便主次分明了.句尾信息焦点和“尾重”原则就是采用这一原理.对比下面这两句话：

The patient was taken good care of, and began to recover immediately.

The patient was taken good care of, and immediately began to recover.

这两个句子的意思都是病人受到了很好的照顾，很快开始康复。但第一句的意义重心是immediately, 强调了康复的速度，而第二句的意义重心则在于“康复”而不强调“马上”。

另外上面的第一个例句中的倒装部分还考虑了一个因素，那就是使之读起来不至于让人产生头重脚轻的感觉，而“people who....or admiration”带有一个较长的定语从句，所以就放在了末尾，另外作者在本句中所强调的部分显然是“often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration，却常常缺乏其它那些能唤起他人爱戴和钦佩的品质”另外“no matter how......material rewards”为本句当中的一个插入语成分

篇8：如何提高GRE词汇备考效率

如何提高GRE备考的性价比——词汇篇

新GRE改革已经将近3年了，但是仍然有很多GRE的考生，以及GRE考试的培训师在沿用旧GRE的备考或培训策略。不少人花了大量宝贵的时间，却抓不住考试重点。本文旨在分享G神团队这些年来的教学和考试所积攒起的经验，我们将首先探讨词汇与长难句两项GRE基本技能的学习，然后对阅读、填空和写作三科的学习分别进行讨论，希望能够对于广大考试有所帮助。首先，我们来探讨一下新旧GRE在词汇方面的差异及新时代下更合理的备考建议。

除六级考纲内单词外，新GRE改革以来在填空中出现过的单词总共只有不到1700个

旧GRE与新GRE一大区别就是对于词汇的考察。旧GRE的类比反义考试几乎就是纯粹对词汇量的考察，而在类比反义被取消之后，新GRE的词汇难度显然下降了一大截。十年前所有复习GRE的学生，几乎会把自己一半以上的复习时间都用在背《红宝书》上，而且传说这本书得翻来覆去背50遍才能达到考试要求。这种言论的影响力是如此之大，以致现在GRE班上的学生仍然以为自己考不好新G主要是因为自己词汇量的缺陷，或者只要词汇搞定了，之后的复习就是一马平川。那么，就让我们来讨论一下词汇对最终的GRE成绩有多大影响，以及到底应该采取什么策略来学习。

毫无疑问，最需要词汇量的部分就是填空了。以下题为例：

The students’______ nature were in sharp contrast to the imperturbable disposition of their teacher.

A. volatile

B. duplicitous

C. apathetic

D. cunning

E. blithe

原则上，填空可能会考到的单词量是无法精确测量的，毕竟ETS并没有一个所谓的单词范围。但这绝不意味着学生们需要无限量的背单词，或是选择单词量最大的GRE词汇书。为什么呢?首先，据统计，新GRE改革以来在填空考试中出现过的单词，除去六级考试考纲以内的单词，一共只有1700个不到。这个量显然不算夸张。这个数据告诉我们，如果我们要在填空中取得好的成绩，单词方面在保证四六级的单词熟练掌握的基础上，并不需要去背三四千个海量单词。

没有必要追求1700这个数字，而是要先学习GRE核心单词库

其次，也是更重要的是，即便1700这个数字其实都是没有必要达到的，因为这其中包含了一些只出现过一次，甚至都不是正确答案的单词。比如，今年有一次考试出现了caterwaul这个单词，过去所有GRE词汇书都没有收录，但我们完全没有必要因为这个疏漏而自责。《红宝书》中的海量单词确实都是过去GRE考试曾经出过的，但其中大量的单词都是只出现过一两次，再也没有考过的不重要单词。然而，假如考生以这么大的词汇库作为目标，花N倍于常人的努力，却只换回了极少数题目的额外正确率，前提还是那些单词背过了。《红宝书》这样的单词库没有能够体现一个对同学们重要的变量，那就是词频。Avalanche(山崩)和Disparate(不同的)都是其中收录的词，哪个重要，你需要先背哪个?它并没有告诉你。事实是，像Avalanche这样的专有名词，出现的本来就不多，况且，在考场上不认识，几乎没有一点影响。于是，我们见到了很多GRE考生中的“词霸”，考场上却没有取得和词汇量成比例的成绩，就是因为他们把有限的经历花在了投入产出比相当低的地方。因此，我们的建议是，一定要首先学习GRE核心单词库。什么是GRE的核心单词?比如表示“难懂的”这个意思的词汇(impenetrable, arcane, inscrutable, unfathomable, esoteric, recondite, abstruse)，比如跟“矛盾、不同”意思相关的词汇(irony, paradox, contradiction, dilemma, dichotomy, incongruity, inconsistency, incoherence, heterogeneity)，是每一次考试都会出现的。对这些词，我们不仅要做到认识，更要做到熟练联系同反义词，因为这部分单词在考试中是投入产出比最高的。

有些考生可能会根据考场经验反驳说，考试中填空有好几道题的单词没有见过，所以最后考砸了。显然，只背核心单词，一定会遇到某些题不认识。这是考砸的主要原因么?绝不可能。同学们必须知道GRE考试是一个容错率很高的考试。举个例子，当我考verbal168分时，我的准确率是36/40，当我考verbal163分时，我的准确率是30/40。显然，163分的语文成绩对于绝大部分学生来说都是非常理想的分数了，而得163分的人其实错了四分之一。绝大部分同学只需要一个verbal155，不少人甚至可以对verbal 150满意，而verbal150是两个section总共错了过半的。考砸的是哪些人呢?是那些考了140多分的学生。140多分是错了多少题?超过一半，接近错三分之二。这个错误率的同学，不应该抱怨自己速度慢，不应该抱怨核心单词范围小，只应该抱怨自己其实连最简单的，诸如我们前面举过的例子那样基本的题目都没有做对。

不要一味地抱着单词书刷单词，一定要结合题目

另外一个背单词的注意事项是，不要一味地抱着单词书刷单词。在背完一两遍，对单词有一定印象之后，一定要结合题目。事实是，正常的同学，面对有好几个意思的单词时，基本只会选择第一个意思，或者是最容易记的意思。但是，这个意思不见得是实际会考到的意思。即便是真的记住了多个意思，最重要的能力其实是知道多义词具体什么时候是哪个意思。比如promise这个词，有保证、预示、前途等意思。同学们需要的能力不仅仅是记住三个意思，最关键的是在实际的语句中，能够快速的判断到底是哪个意思。这种能力是做题来的，通过看到在实际考试中，promise的各个意思分别在什么场合下使用，我们能够真正懂得这个单词：做“前途”讲的promise是名词;做“预示”讲的promise是动词，动作发出者应该是事物;做“保证”讲的promise是动词，动作发出者应该是人。这些能力是单纯的词汇书不会探讨的，并且在过遍数的时候我们不会去想的，只有在结合具体语境时才能意识到。再者，很多单词在词汇书中的中文翻译不合适，会对于做题产生负面影响，此时，一定要选择通过做题挑出这种单词，转而记其英文同义词释义。比如，arbitrary这个词经常被翻译成“独断的”，但其实在考试中，它就等同于random。然而，我们怎么知道哪个单词的中文翻译不准确呢?

我们的建议是，先背一两遍核心单词，记中文意思(这个中文意思可能是不准的，但是在第一阶段我们可以接受)，然后就可以开始做填空题了。此时，如果遇到任何一道题目，明明题目完全理解，但是却不知道填哪个词，这很可能就是单词意义理解不准确，此时一定要看英文同义词释义，以后再记这个单词时，就要抛掉过去的中文解释。有的GRE教师建议大家记单词都记英文释义，这显然是绝大部分同学做不到的;但是，中文释义经常不准怎么办。以上的流程就是为了解决这个问题的。很多同学纯粹拿单词书记单词，不尽快结合考题，导致的结果就是中文意思记得滚瓜烂熟，但对于考试却没什么帮助。

GRE重点词汇解析：contumacious

contumacious: 不听命令的; stubbornly disobedient; stubbornly rebellious

1) insubordinate, rebellious

2) resisting authority

3) insubordinate, rebellious

Synonyms: headstrong, obstinate

contumacious : authority

contumacious obedient

The man was put in jail for contumacious actions.

The contumacious little girl refused to listen to reason and to wear a jacket or shoes.

Re:contumacious: 不听命令的; stubbornly disobedient; stubbornly rebelli ..

contumacious : authority = hidebound : innovation 不听命令的:权威=死板的:创新

contumacious : authority = conservative : innovation

contumacious : authority = reactionary : change (A refuse B)

GRE重点词汇解析：quiescence

quiescence: state of being at rest or without motion

1) stillness; motionlessness; quality of being at rest

quiescencetumult

After a tough day on the shipping dock, one needs quiescence.

A period of quiescence is useful to calm the nerves.

TOPSY-TURVY: DISORDER

A. permanent: flux

B. invigorated: inertia

C. tentative: proof

D. worthy: judgment

E. dormant: quiescence

QUIESCENCE(安静):

A) impartiality

B) subtlety

C) indictment

D) rationality

E) action

A.公正

B. 微妙(狡猾)

C. 起诉

D. 理性

E. 行动

Yellow fever, the disease that killed 4,000 philadelphians in 1793, and so----Memphis,Tennessee, that the city lost its charter, has reappeared after nearly two decades in----in the Western Hemisphere.

terrorized.. contention

ravaged.. secret

disabled.. quarantine

corrupted.. quiescence

decimated.. abeyance

GRE重点词汇解析：reticent

reticent: 沉默的; inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in speech

1) silent, reserved

2) tending to be uncommunicative or silent

3) reserved, untalkative, silent, taciturn, introvert

4) quiet; reserved; reluctant to express thoughts and feelings

reticent loquacious, ebullient, voluble, talktive, histrionic, effusive, frank, prolix, garrulous, fluent, glib

histrionic reticent behavior teb

reticent : garrulous

reticent : speak

reticent : talk

1. Physically small and reticent in her speech, Joan Didion often went unnoticed by those upon whom she was reporting.

2. Thinking her parents would not approve, Hannah was reticent about her plans to move to Brazil.

相近词汇：reserved, restrained, cool, introverted, laconic, standoffish, taciturn, undemonstrative

Re:reticent: 沉默的; inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in speech

frugal : spend

abstemious : gorge 沉默不语的:谈话=有节制地:狼吞虎咽

spend : parsimonious 说：沉默的=浪费：节俭的

AFFABLE uncommunicative, reticent , glum , solitary EFFUSIVE reticent, insensitive, torpid , listless

GRE重点词汇解析：volatile

volatile: 不稳定的; easily aroused or changeable; lively or explosive

1) evaporating easily; explosive, changeable

2) 1. a. tending to vary often or widely, as in price

b. inconstant; fickle

c. lighthearted; flighty

d. ephemeral; fleeting

2. tending to violence; explosive

3) changeable; explosive; evaporation rapidly

4) readily changing to a vapor; changeable; fick; explosive

5) easily aroused or changeable; lively or explosive

n. volatility

instable : volatility :: harmonious : congruence

craven : heroic :: volatile : constant (OPPOSITE)

volatile : temper :: ready : wit

volatile : evaporate :: soluble : dissolve

volatile constant, stable

imperturbability volatility

Fearing the substitute teacher’s volatile temper, the children were quiet and obedient.

Syn: volatility, gaseous; capricious, unstable，capricious, erratic, fickle, inconsistent, inconstant, mercurial, temperamental

His volatile personality made it difficult to predict his reaction to anything.

多变的： characterized by or subject to rapid or unexpected change

【例】a boss of volatile moods 一个性情多变的老板‖The stock market can be very volatile. 股市瞬息万变。

【近】 capricious, changeable, fluid, inconstant, mercurial, skittish, temperamental, variable, versatile

【反】 certain, changeless, constant, immutable, invariable, settled, stable, stationary, steady, unchangeable, unvarying 固定的，不变的

【派】 volatility n. 易变性，易挥发性

篇9：如何提高记忆力

关于如何提高记忆力

提高记忆力的方法有很多，举例如下：

1、注意集中

记忆时只要聚精会神、专心致志，排除杂念和外界干扰，大脑皮层就会留下深刻的记忆痕迹而不容易遗忘。

如果精神涣散，一心二用，就会大大降低记忆效率。

2、兴趣浓厚

如果对学习材料、知识对象索然无味，即使花再多时间，也难以记住。

3、理解记忆

理解是记忆的基础。

只有理解的东西才能记得牢记得久。

仅靠死记硬背，则不容易记得住。

对于重要的学习内容，如能做到理解和背诵相结合，记忆效果会更好。

4、过度学习

即对学习材料在记住的基础上，多记几遍，达到熟记、牢记的程度

5、及时复习

遗忘的速度是先快后慢。

对刚学过的知识，趁热打铁，及时温习巩固，是强化记忆痕迹、防止遗忘的有效手段。

6、经常回忆

学习时，不断进行尝试回忆，可使记忆有错误得到纠正，遗漏得到弥补，使学习内容难点记得更牢。

闲暇时经常回忆过去识记的对象，也能避免遗忘。

7、视听结合

可以同时利用语言功能和视、听觉器官的功能，来强化记忆，提高记忆效率。

比单一默读效果好得多

8、多种手段

根据情况，灵活运用分类记忆、图表记忆、缩短记忆及编提纲、作笔记、卡片等记忆方法，均能增强记忆力。

9、最佳时间

一般来说，上午9~11时，下午3~4时，晚上7~10时，为最佳记忆时间。

利用上述时间记忆难记的学习材料，效果较好。

10、科学用脑

在保证营养、积极休息、进行体育锻炼等保养大脑的基础上，科学用脑，防止过度疲劳，保持积极乐观的情绪，能大大提高大脑的'工作效率，这是提高记忆力的关键。

11、多与人交往

美国密歇根大学的研究发现，社交能够让思维更敏捷，闲聊10分钟后，人脑的反应速度迅速提升。

12、学一门外语

加拿大多伦多大学的研究显示，掌握两门语言的老人患老年性痴呆的时间要比其他人推迟4年。

学外语可以增加大脑海马体区域的灰质密度，增强人的记忆力和注意力。

13、跑跑步

美国伊利诺伊州立大学的研究人员表示，跑步能促进脑细胞的再生，延缓记忆力的下降速度。

运动专家建议跑步采取“间隔训练”方式，即先快跑30秒，再慢跑90秒，并重复6个周期。

每周坚持做2次。

14、随身带个笔记本

好记性抵不上烂笔头。

英国苏塞克斯大学的神经科学专家表示，随身备个笔记本，每天上床前写好明天要做的事情，并按重要程度分为“必要”“重要”和“不重要”三个等级。

按照优先权每做完一项就画掉一项，这样会大大提高处理工作的能力。

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