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3月4日托福阅读真题回顾资料

时间:2022-05-24 15:46:32 其他范文 收藏本文 下载本文

【导语】下面是小编精心整理的3月4日托福阅读真题回顾资料(共9篇),希望能够帮助到大家。

3月4日托福阅读真题回顾资料

篇1:3月4日托福阅读真题回顾资料

Passage One

学科分类:历史

题目:Industrial demand in the 18th century Europe

内容回忆:本文共4段。第1段讲了18世纪欧洲农村对于工业产品需求激增。随着居民收入略有上升,而产品价格的下降,农民用于超过必需品的商品的需求显著上升。工业制造品的消费比例近乎占一半。分工的发展也使得农民购买了一些以前自己所生产的产品。第2段描述urbanization 对于工业品需求的影响。住在城市的人口数量增多,交通的便利,加大了对于工业品的需求。第3段说明了capital consumption。比如伦敦居住着英国11%的人口,并且有更多的人直接的参与到了伦敦的政治经济生活中。所以伦敦的生活方式迅速有效的传播。巴黎居住了法国3%的人口,也是欧洲的capital consumption 的典型。第4段说明了printed advertising 对于消费的促进。Printed advertising 始于英国,并且逐渐传播到欧洲各国。

词汇题:

1. Unpromising = unfavorable

2. Oblige =force

3. extend=expand

Passage Two

学科分类:生物

题目:how bristle-cone pine tree are able to survive

内容回忆:第1段说明bristle-cone pine tree 是现如今发现的存活时间最长的有机体,其存在在恶劣的生存条件下,位于北美东部的延长地带的山地上。埃及金字塔时期是其seedling阶段,common era 是middle age, 皆是为了强调其年龄的古老。第2段讲到了它的地理位置分布能解释生存。它的分布是in isolation, 所基于dolomite 周边有sandstone, dolomite的阳光反射强烈,造成其温度低而湿度高;第3段说明有一项survival advantage。其有大量的dead tissue, 只需要保存一小部分的tissue 所需的能量和物质即可;第4段说明它的材质里存在一种物种使得其inhospitable to fungi and bacteria, 所以free from disease. 第5段说明可以通过横切面的tree ring 来测量其年龄,因为随着季节变化,tree cell的size 会发生变化。

词汇题:

1. Diffusion =spread

2. Exhibit =show

3. Inhospitable= unlikely

Passage Three

学科分类: 农业

题目:Sumerian contribution

内容回忆:第1段讲到苏美尔原来人口稀少,因为每年都有洪灾。但是后来农业发展,人口增多。第2段讲苏美尔地区土壤特别肥沃,农业的灌溉以及种植需要有人管理和监管,而priesthood 起到了这个功能。第3段说明Sumerian 发明了文字,当时的cuneiform 是在2800bc形成的。 Sumerian 是temple city, 一开始出于官方记录temple 的建造,劳动力分工等发明了文字,后来文字延用于商业交易。

词汇题:

1. Embody= incorporate

Surplus= the amount that exceed

Passage Four

学科分类:历史

题目:Olmec culture

内容回忆:

第1段讲到在mesopotamic area 发现了重要的ceremonial sites. 东部high lands 有一些sacred precinct。里面重要的art and architecture. 第2段讲到Kunze axe 的发现帮助确立了这是omelc culture. 一开始发现的时候,研究者就十分确定这属于mesopotamic 地区,但是因为既不属于埃及文明也不属于希腊文明,使得研究者困惑了很长时间其起源。 后来结合一系列其它文物的发现证明属于Omelc 文化。而且我们今天所认为的Maya calender 其实是Omelc 人发明的。第3段说明omelc culture 存在一套表示文化的consistent code,例如Kunze axe 里面也运用的howling baby’s face 就一直沿用至今天,而期间没有发生太大的变化。

1.That=art and architecture

2. Consistent= doesn’t change significantly

托福阅读技巧可以解决70%的题目?

TOEFL阅读理解满分的出现必须依赖于三个方面的训练:

1.托福阅读词汇

从某种意义上来讲,词汇量的大小是TOEF L阅读理解高分的基础和关键。如果词汇量没有达到基本要求(五千以上),纵然你有“葵花宝典”在手,也只能命丧ETS的“毒招”之下。所以,以牺牲词汇量为代价的技巧练习简直是一味巨毒无比。

2.通过练习使学生养成高效的阅读方法——即所谓的阅读技巧

TOEFL的阅读量非常大,一般的中国考生根本无法把文章全部读完,所谓的“扫读法”、“跳读法”和“略读法”也只能适用于少数类型的文章,根本不能解决本质问题。那么,文章到底应该怎么读法呢?一句话,主动地阅读文章的关键部位。所谓主动是指不能象一般的阅读那样完全被动地接受信息,而应该不断的进行思考和预测;所谓关键部位,主要是每一段的开头和结尾部分。由于TOEFL的阅读理解文章全部选自于正式出版物,文章的逻辑结构非常完整和严谨,而且出现的逻辑模式也是屈指可数。经过系统的训练,考生的预测可以做到非常准确的程度。这样,通过阅读文章的几处关键部位,就能很快地把握整个文章的结构和内在的逻辑关系,也就解决了问题的70%。

3.托福阅读解题训练

排除法恐怕是一直以来大多数学生在解阅读理题目时使用最多的方法。事实上,这种方法具有致命的缺点:干扰大、费时间。更有效和迅速的办法是读完题干之后,就在脑子反映出一个模糊的或者是不完整的答案,然后直接在选项中寻找接近的答案进行判断。这种能力必须在平时的训练和讲解中逐渐养成和加强,决非什么技巧之类的东西可以替代。

除了上述三方面的训练之外,如果能够对一些基本的背景知识加以补充的话,更能确保阅读理解的准确率和速度。

所以真正的托福“宝典”并不是去学习一些技巧,而是在训练中养成一种无意识的使用技巧的习惯,做到“心无技巧”的忘我境界。

以上是托福阅读魔鬼训练的三个步骤,希望大家可以从中学到一些经验或者吸取一些教训,小编不建议大家把方法照搬全抄,还是要以自己的策略为大前提,别人的意见经过仔细揣摩后可以用来完善自己的备考策略。

托福阅读文章句间关系之比较关系

句间关系——比较关系

(涉及的题型有:细节题/修辞目的题/推理题/句子插入题)

比较关系在句子之间的体现我想先从修辞目的题说起。各位考生可以先用三十秒的时间来浏览下下文的这段话。

“Tunas, mackerels, and billfishes have made streamlining into an art form. Their bodies are sleek and compact. The body shapes of tunas, in fact, are nearly ideal from an engineering point of view. Most species lack scales over most of the body, making it smooth and slippery. The eyes lie flush with the body and do not protrude at all. They are also covered with a slick, transparent lid that reduces drag. The fins are stiff, smooth, and narrow, qualities that also help cut drag. When not in use, the fins are tucked into special grooves or depressions so that they lie flush with the body and do not break up its smooth contours. Airplanes retract their landing gear while in flight for the same reason.”

读过这篇文章的考生应该不陌生,是官方指南上的第六篇例文。这道题目问的是作者为什么要提及阴影部分的这部分信息。通过句尾的四个单词,考生们能够感觉到飞机的这一操作其实和前文描写鱼在海里游的行为具有相同的道理,也就能判断出最后两句话之间是类比的关系。所以修辞目的题中对于比较关系的考察还是比较容易上手的,无外乎对比和类比两个角度。

在推理题中,比较关系是常见的推理思路——“反向推理”的逻辑基础。以官方指南上一篇讲到“Himalayas”和“Caledonia”山脉的文章,作者利用了对比的手法论证山的高度和年龄之间的关系。不仅有时间上的比较,也有两座山之间的比较,这种类型的题目往往是考生们会出错的点。所以在以比较手法为主导的文章中,考生们一定要注意去梳理段落中的比较关系,这些关系出没的地方,往往都是会出题的位置。

至于细节题中比较关系的体现,最典型的莫过于官方指南在阅读部分大纲介绍中的“Applied arts and Fine arts”。整个文章都是以对比的手法呈现的。类似的文章还有练习题中关于黑尾鹿和白尾鹿的话题以及太阳系里星球的话题。这种类型的文章在细节题上容易出现整段出题的情形,也就是答案是段落中心句的概括,这种考察角度对于考生的要求还是比较高的,不仅要从内容上理解,还要从句间关系上进行把握。比较关系在句子插入题中出现的形式基本上与前文提到的类似,因为出现的频率没有那么高,在此就不再赘述。

篇2:3月4日托福写作真题回顾资料

About the function of disks, the reading mentions three hypotheses, which are refuted by the listening one by one with the following arguments.

The first possible function of disks, raised by the reading, is for cooking. The listening, however, is opposite to this point by further explaining that after being heated for a long time, cookers must be blackened or discolored, just like pans and pots at our home. But the fact is that among the 200 unearthed disks, none of them is blackened or discolored.

Regarding to the drum theory, the listening still disagrees with it. For one thing, it could not produce sound that is pleasing to ears for this kind of disk is made of clay, which, even though covered with hides, could not produce sound that is better than that produced by drums made of hides and wood. For another, drums made of clay are too heavy, making it much inconvenient to use. The listening, therefore, casts doubt on what the reading indicates.

Finally, the reading states that disks could serve as mirrors. This opinion is in sharp contrast with the belief in the listening that it is unlikely that disks are used as mirrors. After pouring liquid, disks must be laid horizontally. And people could look in the mirror by bending down. But the problem is that with the mirror being horizontal, the side which is decorated could not be seen. But the Greek mirrors are held by hands so that the decorative pattern is visible.

本文是203月4日托福写作真题答案及解析。

独立

Nowadays, many movies or films are based on books. Some people prefer to read the original book before they watch the movie, other prefer to watch the movie before reading the book. Which one do you prefer?

篇3:3月4日托福写作真题回顾资料

The movie industry has witnessed an unprecedented boom during recent years with endless movies coming into view. Among the ample supply of movies, many are based on original books, which provides the general public two choices about the order of reading books and watching movies. Some prefer to watch the movie followed by reading the book. According to my preference, I would like to read the original book first.

The primary reason for my stance is that by reading the original book, I am allowed to let my imagination run wild. To illustrate, the original book shows us the detailed plots without displaying the specific characters on screen or through pictures. Therefore, we are free to imagine without the constraints of movies. Conversely, characters in the movies have already been chosen and designed including their facial expressions, body language and even dressing styles, which leaves us few chances to make full use of our imagination and curiosity to think logically. It is no wonder that giving priority to the original books provides us with more fun, for it is imagination that contributes to happiness.

Another factor tempts me to make such a choice is that I will have a deeper understanding of what is hidden behind the movie after reading the book. As we all know, movies are always adapted, some details of which are unavoidably deleted owing to the limitation of time. Accordingly, it is highly possible that some plots and lines are too abstract to understand. The original book, on the other hand, clearly explains the background, hence not giving rise to confuse. I always have a glimpse of the original books before reading the adapted movies, with A Dream of Red Mansions a clear case in point. The book A Dream of Red Mansions mainly describes a touching love story between Jia Baoyu and his cousin Lin Daiyu, which begins and ends in a luxurious mansion. Hardly could I understand why Lin Daiyu always quarreled with Jia Baoyu in the movie if I did not take time to read the book.

Frankly speaking, movies are short enough for us to make a quick decision about whether it is to our taste and whether it is worth reading the original book. But as mentioned above, movies are adapted more often than not, which cannot serve as the determining factor of whether the original book is a good one.

To sum up, reading the book before watching the movie is definitely a more preferable choice, for it will beget imagination and curiosity as well as a deeper comprehension.

托福写作如何妙笔生花

First

独立写作

独立写作主要是要让考生在在30分钟内完成一篇表达个人观点的作文。字数应在300词以上。题目多为问考生是赞成还是反对某一观点,且题目的意图不难理解。>>More

综合写作

托福综合写作考生要在3分钟内读完一篇230~300词的学术文章(约4 段),阅读期间需要将每段的重点记下来。接下来,考生会听到一段反驳学术文章观点的学术讲座,并需要将反驳观点逐一记录。>>More

Second

托福写作高分技巧

1:你的时间预算。

You have only a half hour in which to complete your work, You should use your time more or less as shown below::

Reading and thinking about the topic 2-3 minutes

Planning and taking notes 2-3 minutes

Writing the essay approximately 20 minutes~

Checking the essay 3-5 minutes

2:仔细阅读问题。

3:头脑风暴。

4:写你计划的文章。

You don’t have to write out a formal outline with Roman numerals, capital letters, and so on. However, you should make some notes. By following your notes, you can organize your essay before you write, leaving you free to concentrate on the task of writing。

5:确保你的笔迹是尽可能清晰。

6:遵循一个明确,逻辑结构。

All TWE essay should consist of three basic parts:

An introductory paragraph

An body: consists of two or three paragraphs。

A concluding paragraph

7:使用具体的例子,具体原因。

8:使用信号词来表示的转换。

9:使用不同的句子类型。

Good writing in English consists of a more or less equal balance between short, simple sentences consisting of only one clause and longer sentences containing two or more clauses. Therefore, make an effort to use sentences of various lengths。

10:检查作文错误。

Don’t cross out long sections or try to add a lot of new material. Look for obvious errors in punctuation, spelling, and capitalization as well as common grammatical mistakes。

Third

托福写作妙笔生花

从小学开始,写作老师就告诉我们一篇优秀的作文的结构一定是“凤头-猪肚-豹尾” 。它要求一篇文章:开头要像凤头那样美丽、精彩;主体像猪肚子那样有充实、丰富的内容;结尾像豹尾一样有力。这一要求在托福独立写作中同样适用,但怎样才能写出一个能够抓住考官眼睛的开头段呢?这往往是万千考生最为纠结的一个难题。

篇4:3月4日托福口语真题回顾资料

Argument about whether young kids should be always forgiven after they did something rude several years ago on the bus with the kid’s parent.

SD:

① 过程+结果:A little boy was so naughty that he shouted too loudly and kicked my cousin who was pregnant on the bus, so I blamed him and shouted to the kid and tried to stop this rude behavior to protect my cousin. At the beginning, the child was scared by me and crying, which made his mother a bit angry. Then his mother started to argue with me to blame why I was too bad to her kid, and the kid even tried to kick me off meanwhile. All this rude behavior irritated me totally and I almost had a serious conflict with them and tried to let them know how pretty wrong and rude they were to a pregnant woman, since it might lead to some bad consequence to my cousin and it is not good to do that in public. Most of the people on the bus supported me and helped me to argue with the rude mother and boy, finally they just left without saying anything angrily.

② 影响:

A. the importance of being impolite with anyone no matter in public or in private;

B. the importance of education to kids from parents.

难度分析及注意事项

此题考察描述类题目中有关不愉快经历的事件题目相关表述能力,需注意时态问题。

难度:适中

T2

If you are to choose between 2 apartments to live in next semester, one apartment is near the campus but slightly expensive, the other is a little far from the campus but cheaper, which one do you prefer and why?

解析

经典Task2 Paired-choice Preference 二选一个人观点阐述类题目,只需给出观点并给出合理解释,切忌不可给出模棱两可的选择。此题无论选择哪种, 只要给出合理的解释即可,可采用推理与事实论证的方法进行细节扩充。

篇5:3月4日托福口语真题回顾资料

1. Apartment near the campus but slightly expensive:

SD理由:

① It’s time-saving to commute;

② slightly expensive means probably a better living environment to live and study;

2. Apartment a little far from the campus but cheaper:

SD理由:

① Good for health by taking a bus or riding a bike to commute;

② Economically reasonable for a student who need to save money for anything;

③ A good chance to appreciate different and beautiful views on the way between home and school;

难度分析及注意事项

此题是有关宿舍与学校距离远近的观点阐述类话题,题目难度适中,也是常考话题之一,一般会用到的方法就是对比、举例法、推理解释法。希望考生们对时下比较流行的热点社会话题进行总结并引起足够的重视。

本文是203月4日托福口语真题答案及解析。

T3

阅读

标题: library make private study booth available to graduate students

原因1:独立的空间存放物品

原因 2:在高层,比较安静

听力

态度:赞同

原因1: 研究生一般要完成比较长的论文, 所需要的资料很多,背包很重,可以将资料放在booth 里,省了背着重包往返学校

原因2:高层安静很重要,因为study area 一般比较吵闹。对于本科生还好,他们需要社交。但是研究生需要很多的独处的时间。

T4

阅读

标題:weather modification

定义:通过一些手段控制天气,但是只限于特定时间和地点。

听力

例子: 比如为了飞机安全起飞和降落,一般需要比较高的清晰度,有大雾的时候可以用carbon-dioxide的喷雾喷在雾上,使其冰冻并沉降,就可以提高visibility

T5

问題: 学生要开音乐会,但是买的uniform 不合身。裤子衣服都比较长。

解决方案1:换货

优点1 可以换到理想的size

缺点1:但是shipping 的费用要自己承担,而自己最近已经花了很多钱,所以觉得shipping太贵

解决方案2:自己动手改衣服

优点2:可以改的合身

缺点2:但是stuck with the choice, 以后再换就换不了了。

T6

话題:如何让邮件广告更有针对性

要点1:mail your target customer

例子1:比如一个美发沙龙里,可以将广告发邮件给女性,并且是住在附近的女性

要点2 :mail the target design

例子2:还是那个美发沙龙,可以先在一个小群体里实验两个不同的发型设计,看哪一个能吸引更多的顾客。把吸引更多顾客的那个类型通过邮件广告出去。

托福独立口语提分必备4大细节要点盘点分析

按照总分结构叙述

第一、尽量按照总分的结构进行叙述,单刀直入,这也是西方人习惯的表达方式。由一句主题句引出观点与中心,让考官能够清晰地得知叙述的主题,从而打下良好的基础。如果在考题中出现了问题,则应该开门见山地回答问题,切入主题,阐明自己的观点,从而为接下来的详细叙述理清层次以及节约时间,如果有多余的时间,则可以再增添一句总结的话语,使叙述详尽完整。

合理使用逻辑词汇

第二、在叙述的过程中应该合理地利用逻辑词汇,这样使文章的逻辑顺畅,条理清晰。中国人说话习惯靠上下文去分析句与句的关系,但是西方人不同,他们习惯用逻辑连接词来表达句子关系,如果按照中国人的思维去说英语,在外国人看来就是一堆杂乱无章的句子罗列,这样的分数常常会十分的不好看。论点的叙述,则应该尽量在草稿上简单罗列,讲述时由浅至深,增强逻辑性与条理性。所以,在练习口语的过程中,最好请一位外教跟踪辅导,为学生纠正口音以及语言习惯等问题。

将抽象话语具体化

第三、在描述时,应该尽量将抽象的话语具体化,不能很空泛地喊口号做呼吁,这样常常收效甚微。西方人习惯十分具体生动的描述,如描述环境很优美,不应该仅仅说“it's beautiful outside”,而可以去描述flower,tree,bird等细节,增强生动性。

缩小问题到具体事物

第四、面对十分概括的问题时,许多考生会觉得十分难以开口,只能让时间白白流失,痛失了分数。针对这类问题,就应该将问题缩小到一个具体的事物进行叙述和讨论,缩小问题寻找突破口,这种方法也是所有宽泛问题的应对方式。

篇6:托福写作真题资料回顾

选择课程时,您会选择哪种教授?

1.一些被评选为最受欢迎的教授

2.一些教授因出色的研究而获奖

篇7:托福写作真题资料回顾

您是否同意以下说法?

在交通繁忙的情况下,驾驶员应在繁忙的城市街道上行驶时付费。

托福写作中作者的性格

A【表达观点-解释观点】

在段落的开头表达观点,并紧接着对观点进行解释说明,是表述个人立场、传达交流信息的必经途径(Schmid & Bernhard, ),在如此表述观点的过程中,作者会在不经意间流露出自己的思想感情、性格特征(Davis, )。

根据托福独立写作的考试要求,考生要对题目给出的命题,表达个人的思想观念和看法,说明‘表达观点-解释观点’的语言交流方式是考官评分过程中重点关注的!

如何把自己的观点写的很漂亮呢?

i.要写出优秀的观点,从而踩到第一个分数考察项目,我们首先要做的是认真审题!

根据这个题目,一些经验的考生会习惯性的对绝对词命题进行取反,也就是选择‘不同意’这个命题。然而,这恰恰陷入到了题目的逻辑陷阱:不同意‘完全不可能总是对朋友真诚’。换句话来说,考生的论点就变成了:总是对朋友真诚是可能的。

ii.在做到对题目有正确、充分的了解以后,我们就可以基于题目的内容,表达自己的看法!

B【例子论证】

例子的作用:

i.无论是名人名事,还是自己生活中的经历,例子在一篇写作作品中,起到的是讲故事的作用,为什么我们要在托福写作中讲故事呢?

ii.首先,根据最新语言学研究表明,例子或故事可以被用来表达作者的思想感情、个人态度、性格倾向

1.根据中国国家科学院-行为重点研究室的最新技术,研究员们通过扫描小说故事的内容,量化生成了小说主人公的人格侧写(吴育锋等, ;杨忆君等, )。

1.1 分词工具:

可以看做是语料库语言学领域词频统计研究的延伸,同时也是心理学理论分析 小说人物性格的延伸。在语料库语言学领域,已有研 究通过对情态动词(can、could)和高频词的统计分 析小说人物性格。

1.2 计算:

然后,根据中文心理分析词典的词类 划分对分词得到的所有词汇进行词汇统计。最后,大 五人格预测模型通过对词类统计的结果进行分析,得 到该人物大五人格的预测分数。

iii.【对考生的建议】:该语言学研究的结果说明,在举例子的时候需要具备以下几点要素,才能充分表达自己的思想感情、个人态度、性格倾向

1.主人公:

通过人物的姓名、年龄、称谓等个人特点,计算可以讲该人物所表达的内容从文本中分离出来

2.具体细节:

根据分析结果表明,随着对话数目增多、故事描述不断细化,对主人公的人格计算值就更加稳定(多次计算结果无明显变化)

3.带有情感色彩的词汇:

心理学词典优先识别情感词,是分析人物性格的重要佐证。比如:can, should, like, happy, sad, afraid 等等,充实人物的性格,给例子添加情感色彩。

iv.总结:在托福考试中,无论是名人名事,还是自己的例子,建议添加具体的主人公,并对故事细节具体描述,把事情起因结果和影响都说清楚。最后,在描述故事中,使用带有情感色彩的词汇,表达主人公的感情变化,从而使我们的例子更加生动有趣!

文献引用: 1. Davis, W. A.: 2002, Meaning, Expression, and Thought, Cambridge University Press, to appear.2. Schmid, & Bernhard, H.. (2014). Expressing group attitudes: on first-person plural authority. Erkenntnis, 79(9 Supplement), 1685-1701.3. 吴育锋, 吴胜涛, 朱廷劭, 刘洪飞, & 焦冬冬. (2018). 小说人物性格的文学智能分析: 以《平凡的世界》为例. 中文信息学报, 32(7).4. 杨忆君,李思嘉,吴胜涛,& 朱廷劭 (2019). 基于人工智能的金庸之作家论研究. 心理技术与应用.

篇8:2月25日托福阅读真题回顾资料

美国一个地方的道路。首先介绍了建在Pueblo的公路。然后详细说明了两个观点,一种认为这个地方的道路起交通和货物交换的作用,一种认为这种公路是一种精神信仰,没有实际用途。

TPO相似文章:

TPO24:Moving into Pueblo(帮助理解文章背景)

TPO33:Railroads and Commercial Agriculture in 19th United States.

篇9:2月25日托福阅读真题回顾资料

中国古代艺术的影响。文章从工艺品、丝绸、瓷器、书画等方面介绍了中国的古代艺术及其对世界文化的影响。

TPO相似文章:

TPO10:Chinese Pottery

TPO27:Crafts in the Ancient Near East

TPO34:Islamic Art and the Book

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商业托福英语的备考资料

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