下面是小编帮大家整理的英语写作中出现的母语干扰错误,本文共7篇,欢迎阅读,希望大家能够喜欢。

篇1:英语写作中出现的母语干扰错误
英语写作中出现的母语干扰错误
1. 事实上,这个人年纪很轻。
误:In fact, the man’s age is very young.
正:In fact, the man is very young.
析:中国人常说“年纪轻”,但英语中的 young 本身就有“年纪轻”的意思,它习惯上不再与age 搭配使用。类似地,汉语说“他年纪很大”,不能译成 His age is very old,而应是 He is very old.
2. 我的工作太忙,我不能来。
误:My work is too busy and I can’t come.
正:I’m too busy and I can’t come.
析:汉语说“工作忙”,实际上是指“人忙”。类似地,要表达汉语中的“我的'事情很忙”,英语只需说 I’m busy 就够了,而不能说成 My things are busy.
3. 这个老太太的左眼瞎了。
误:The old woman’s left eye is blind.
正:The old woman is blind in the left eye.
析:汉语中说“眼瞎”,而按英语习惯却要说“人瞎”,瞎在哪儿?瞎在“眼睛”,所以英语中要表达类似意思总是用“人”作主语,而用介词短语引出“瞎”的位置。同样地,要表示“他的左腿是跛的”,不能说成 His left leg is lame, 而应说成 He is lame in his left leg.
4. 他身体很好,很少生病。
误:His body is good / healthy, and seldom falls ill.
正:He’s healthy, and seldom falls ill.
析:汉语说“身体好”,其实是指某人的健康处于一种良好的状态,而绝不是指他的躯体是完好的。
5. 我讨厌周末拥挤的交通。
误:I hate the crowded traffic on weekends.
正:I hate the busy / heavy traffic on weekends.
析:汉语可说“拥挤的交通、街道、房间、商店等”,而英语中虽然可说 crowded streets / rooms, shops等,但习惯上不说 crowded traffic。
6. 汤姆打了鲍勃的脸。
误:Tom hit Bob’s face.
正:Tom hit Bob in the face.
析:汉语中可以说“打某人的脸”,而英语中必须先说“打某人”再+介词+the+身体的某个部位。又如“打某人的鼻子”译为hit sb. on the nose.“抓住某人的胳膊”译为catch sb. by the arm.
篇2:出现错误英语检讨书
the mistakes that he would like a lot of things, reflect on a lot of things that they are very remorseful, very air itself committed to the iron law school, but also a profound understanding of the seriousness of their mistakes, committed by their own error is a shame.
schools in a school on the repeated injunctions, has repeatedly stressed that school discipline school to remind students not in violation of school rules, but i did not, then schools and teachers in mind, there is no attention to the teacher to say, there is no emphasis on the promulgation of the important issues in schools, as if they were heeded, these should not be. is also a lack of respect for teachers. teachers should bear in mind that in mind, then, the school discipline school rules promulgated minds.
after that, i would like to cool for a long time, the mistakes i have not only brought trouble to their own, held up their own learning. such an act and i also created the school and its adverse effects, damage to the school's management system. in the middle of the students also led to adverse effects. since i am a person's mistakes, it may cause other students to follow, the impact of class discipline, grade discipline, the discipline of the school is also a kind of destruction, but also have great expectations of their teachers and parents is also a types of injury, as well as other students in an irresponsible parent.
each school will wish to see their students achieve high academic achievers, all-round development and establish a good image, but also to make our schools have a good image. students have every hope that a good school for their own learning environment to study and life. including myself, have to have a good learning environment, but a good learning environment that we have to rely on common maintenance to set up and i myself have made a mistake this time to undermine the school environment that is should not, if the students do each and every mistake, then there is no formation of a good learning environment for students violating school regulations should also be given punishment.
i stayed two weeks at home, and own a lot, but also realize that they committed a very serious mistake, i know, cause such huge losses, i should have for their own pay for the mistakes, i am willing to bear although it is the responsibility can not afford, especially for major colleges and universities in the education of people in this error should not shirk its primary responsibility.
i accept criticism in good faith and are willing to accept the deal given by the school.
excuse me, teacher! i made a serious question of principle. i know who my teacher is very angry school. i also know that the students did not breach regulations, not inconsistent with discipline and do their own thing is a basic responsibility, but also the most basic obligations. but i did not even do the most basic. now, made a really big mistake, i am deeply deeply regret it. i will take this incident as a mirror and discipline at all times conduct themselves and their criticism and education, and consciously accept supervision. i would like to know shame and alert, to know shame and to forge ahead, to remedy the situation of shame as a driving force, to study hard.
i have to go through this incident, to raise awareness of my thoughts, and strengthen accountability measures. or would like to make their own learning, learning for me to be the most important for the survival of future employment are very important. i can see now is very small, i still have the ability to fight. i would also like to fight once again to work hard in the hope that a good teacher to give me an opportunity to students, i will turn over, and really serious to learn, as full of life, this course at home is also delayed, schools the courses have been very tight and very hard to learn, learning to live in the future, i will learn, the classes are making an effort to hurry up.
just remember to enter the school, class and sub-class of teachers have high expectations of me, can learn to accept, but in discipline problems in schools under the iron law of the repeated injunctions, in school discipline and strict environment regulations i committed such a serious mistake, the school should be punished to me, and i do not know how many times saying, principals, teachers, i was wrong, i was wrong. mom, dad and i are wrong, i was wrong.
in this half, i get up on time every day, i think about life in schools for nearly two years. the school has deep feelings for the school in the future i will have a new look, in the schools, not to grade school and my class teacher was also dark. in terms of learning or other school i would come with strict demands on themselves, i will grasp this opportunity. it as a turning point in my life, hope that our teachers are the pillars of society, so i learn in the future life of the school's efforts to become more, not only taught us to learn the knowledge, but also to learn how to behave, who have committed such an error , for the expectations of parents for me is a tremendous blow to the parents hard-earned money so that we can live some of the superior than others, better himself so that we can input to the study. however, the mistakes i did go against the wishes of parents, but also the parents of a negative energy.
i am so ashamed. i believe that the teachers see this attitude can also be aware of this incident i have very strong attitude of repentance, i believe my heart to repent, i is not to challenge the teacher's discipline is a wrong step in life's own time, i hope the teachers can be forgiven for my mistake, i assure you that this matter will not have a second occurrence. for all this i will also further in-depth summary of soul-searching, i urge the teachers believe i can learn lessons and correct mistakes, the next thing to redouble their efforts to do a good job. also sincerely hope that teachers can continue to care for and support me, and my question about discretion.
篇3:大学英语学习中的母语干扰现象及对策
大学英语学习中的母语干扰现象及对策
汉语与英语分属不同语系.而英语学习在中国属于外语学习,学习者受母语干扰情况严重,因此在英语教学实践中必须分析母语干扰现象及寻求帮助学生克服其母语干扰的`对策,只有这样才能实现培养学生运用英语进行交际的外语教学目的.
作 者:何湘平He Xiangping 作者单位:嘉应学院,广东,梅州,514015 刊 名:鸡西大学学报 英文刊名:JOURNAL OF JIXI UNIVERSITY 年,卷(期): 8(3) 分类号:H319.3 关键词:母语干扰 语音 词汇与句法 思维 文化篇4:英语写作中汉语干扰因素分析
摘要:本文列举了学生英语作文中常出现的典型错误,分析了由于汉语干扰因素的影响而使学生不能正确表达词义的原因,并针对这些错误,提出了避免错误的对策,以便提高学生的英语写作水平及写作教学效果。
关键词:汉语干扰 错误 分析
Abstract: The paper presents some typical errors in students’ compositions and analyses the causes of their incorrect expressions. It aims to give strategies of avoiding making mistakes, to improve the students’ writing level and to achieve good results in the English writing course.
随着社会的发展,越来越多的人意识到英语写作无论在学校的英语学习中还是在实际的社会工作中都十分重要。英语写作能力的高低能体现出学生英语综合素质。英语写作日趋重要。然而他却是英语教学中的薄弱环节。由于中英文化背景的差异所造成的思维方式的不同以及写作角度、方法、用词等的不同,使中国学生在写英语作文时出现了许多错误。
实践证明,学生英语学习的言语错误与汉语干扰有关,即负迁移,负向迁移有关,也就是汉语与英语之间的差异对外语学习造成的干扰以及与所学外语的某些特点、某些规则造成的干扰有关。首先,不同民族对同一事物,同一现象认识方面有差异。其次,对同一现象,同一意义语言表达方面有差异。例如,汉语认为“一阵大雨”,英语写成“a heavy rain”,不能写成“a big rain ”。汉语说“我不知道这是对还是错”如果写成“I don‘t know it’s true or not..”则是错句。因为在英语中,如果“know”之后跟疑问句,则用“whether”或“if”引导从句。汉语“五十步笑百步”,比喻自己跟别人有同样的缺点和错误,只是程度上轻些,可是却讥笑别人,英语则用“The pot calls the kettle black.”表达此意。如果把汉语直译成英语,英国人则会感到莫名其妙,不知所云。
汉语干扰还表现在学生对所学语言规则的错误类推,过分概括上。例如,由“I went to the store yesterday morning .”推出“I went to the concert yesterday night.”,这是一个错句。“昨天晚上”英语只能说“last night”。但是,“昨天上午(下午,傍晚)”则用“yesterday morning( afternoon, evening)”。由于汉语干扰,学生照汉语思维直译,导致了表达错误和不地道、不准确的英语表达。比如,学生把“你的来信收到了”写成“Your letter has received.”,这是从汉语直译出来的,因为英语中物作主语时,应该用被动语态,应写成“Your letter has been received.”。
从以上例子可以看出,汉语干扰乃是导致表达错误的一个主要原因。分析英语写作中汉语干扰对学生学习外语的影响,无论是从理论上看还是从教学实践上看,都将是大有益处的。汉语干扰致错原因有以下几个主要方面:
一.因认识角度和使用形象不同造成错误
在学习英语写作的过程中,学生由于对汉英语言、文化间的差异,不同文化背景所产生的不同思维方式不甚了解,经常用汉语思维,导致用词错误。例如:“红茶”被写成“red tea”,英语应为“black tea”。“黑眼珠”被写成“black eye ”, 应为“dark brown eye ”。 因为英语中“black eye ”意为“被打得发青的眼圈”。在用英语写作过程中,不少学生由于英语语言功底较差,还不能用英语思考,经常先在脑海里用汉语构思,然后将构思好的汉语腹稿译成英语。这种机械的对应思考方法,往往造成严重的用词错误。例如,在“Excessive smoking will injure your body.”中,“body”在英语中作“躯体”讲,而汉语“身体”有两重意思,一是指“躯体”,二是指“身体健康状况”。该句表达的意思显然是指“身体状况”,但由于受汉语影响,而误用了“body”,所以应将“body” 改为“health”。
另外,由于英汉语言使用的形象不同,两个民族的思维习惯不同也造成了许多语言错误。例如,“熟睡”被写成“sleep like a dead pig/dog”英语为“sleep like a top/log”。“大海捞针”被写成“Look for a needle in the sea.”,应为“Look for a needle in a haystack.”。
二.因表达方式不同造成的错误
英、汉两个民族有时对某些事物和现象的认识角度、思路都是相同的,但是由于表达方式不同也造成了一些错误。
1.词形错误
汉语的名词词形一般不分单、复数,也无可数、不可数之别。因此出现主谓不一致、遗漏第三人称单数现在时形态的错误。汉语中,主谓间不存在数的关系,谓语没有第三人称单数问题。因此,谓语部分不需要因为主语而做数的调整。由于汉语习惯的影响,学生会写出这样的句子:
(1)The streets are full of garbages.
(2)He speak fast.
在例句(1)中,garbage被当作可数名词,其实它是不可数名词。在例句(2)中,speak应为第三人称单数speaks。
另外,汉语动词无时态之分,只是采用一些副词或助词来表示时态,而英语的时态却相对复杂得多。因此出现时态使用混乱现象。有的学生在该用过去时态动词时,却用了现在时态,特别是在复合句中常出现时态不一致的现象。例如,If he works hard, he could pass the exam.(could 改为can )。
2.词性错误
有时学生只注意所选词的词义,而忽视了该词的词性,常造成句子不合乎语法规范的用词错误。例如:
(1)My father adviced me not to go out alone at night.
(2)My roommate doesn’t afraid of dogs.
例句(1)把名词误用为动词,例句(2)把形容词误用为动词。这是由于有些学生基础不牢,对某些常用词不认真考证,随手写来,又检查不出错,导致误用词性却浑然不觉。
3. 虚词错误
英语虚词包括冠词、介词和连词。有时,由于受汉语的影响,学生在使用虚词时常用错。例如,
(1)Although I like my college, but I miss my home.
(2) He arrived Tokyo yesterday.
(3) I bought the dictionary in 1980s.
在例句(1)中,由于受汉语“虽然。。。但是”结构影响而出错。英语中although…but 只能用一个。例句(2)中是不及物动词,其后一定要用前置词in 或at,所以在arrive 后加in。例句(3)的错误是,英语中“。。。年代”前应用定冠词,所以原句应改为 “in the 1980s”。
4. 误解词义导致错误
英语写作要求作者有较深的语言功底,即词汇基础和语法基础等。选用自己没有完全掌握词义或用法的单词组词造句,是造成用词错误的原因之一。另外,英、汉两种语言中,均有一词多义和一义多词的现象。对同义词、近义词的细微差别分辨不清是导致这类错误发生的原因。例如:
(1)The young man always puts on a white jacket.
(2)Both salt and sugar are easy to melt in hot water.
在例句(1)中put on 虽有“穿”的意思,但该动词词组仅表示穿的动作,不表示穿的状态,该句子表达的意思是“穿着”,而不是“穿上”,应改为wears a white jacket。在例句(2)中,melt常指物体经过加热后熔化或者指易溶物质受热溶化,不指溶质在溶剂中溶解,melt应改为dissolve。
5.不注意语境导致的错误
语境在很大程度上制约着用词。语境不同,用词也不同,因此写作时要选用适合上下文的词语来遣词造句。如不注意语境对选词的影响,就可能因用词不当而写出前后矛盾、不合逻辑的句子。选词与语言环境不适宜,就会用词不当。例如:
(1)The ice cream melted away in the plate.
(2)Would you mind opening the gate? The air in the room is too close.
例句(1)中,melt away的含义是“融化并消失”,而盘中的冰淇淋只是融化了,并没有消失,应把melt away改为melt。例句(2)中gate指“院落的大门”,一般不用于指房门。从上下文看,说话者指得是房门,所以应改为door。
6.指代不明
英文写作中代词同它所指代的先行词之间关系要明确无误,否则句子的连贯性就会受到破坏,句子的含义就会模糊不清,甚至引起误解。在“She told my sister she was wrong ”句中,第二个she可以指主语,也可以指 my sister ,指代不明确。可改为“ You are wrong ,”she said to my sister.或“ I’m wrong, ”she said to my sister.
三.结束语
以上列举了学生常出现的错误,分析了学生受汉语干扰致错的原因,其目的是为了更好地纠正错误。任何人都会不可避免地出现错误,只要我们不断发现和纠正错误,就能减少和排除干扰,克服教学中的盲目性。英语基础不扎实是写作出错的关键,所以提高写作水平必须丛基础抓起,必须加强基础语法与句型的训练,使学生打好坚实的语言基础。加强词汇教学,注意英语词每个意义的使用条件与用法、它的搭配关系、名词单复数、同义词与近义词的区别等。充分利用好字典。教师要及时讲评作文,准确预见学生易犯的错误,通过对比分析和错误分析把母语和目的语进行比较,找出两种语言的差异。把学生的错误进行归类、分析、解释,反复练习,提高学生英语表达的准确性。长期坚持以上做法,学生的错误就会逐渐减少,就能提高学生写作水平和写作教学效果。
篇5:英语写作与母语痕迹
英文写作是中学英语教学的重要内容之一,从全国各地考试信息看,写作在考试中占的分值在加大,是考查的重要内容之一,因为写作是学生语言应用能力的综合反映。
一、英文写作问题的根源在于思维本身。
英语写作课历来是英语教学的难点之一,英文写作能力也是中学生在英语学习的过程中颇感头痛的技能之一。学生英文写作成绩低的原因不可否认有临场方面的问题,如审题不准,仓促动笔但主要原因是由于学生没有掌握英语语篇思维模式(Written doscourse pattern),按照中文的语篇思维模式写英文作文,那么英文语篇思维模式与中文语篇思维模式差异何在呢?Robert B Kaplan在他的Cultural Thought Patterns in Inter-cultural中指出:英文语篇思维模式为亚里士多德的线条式(Aristotelian linear);而东方人的语篇模式是迂回式(Circular)。英语语篇思维模式是直线形的,以主题句一层层地展开主题,进行论述;而东方人往往绕着主题的外围转而不从主题直接入手展开讨论。
英文语篇思维模式的特点是:先概括、后细节;先抽象、后具体;先综合、后分析,直接了当地声明论点,然后逐渐地、有层次地展开阐述。中文语篇思维模式则甚为丰富,灵活多样,尤其是在中文的迂回式和隐含型语篇思维模式中,有时根本就没有明确提出论点,而是文字上留有余地,涵义留给对方去推测。
在写作过程中,学生对英文语篇思维模式不适应,往往自然而然地拿中文语篇思维模式来套用,结果写出了中文式的英语作文,这种中国式英语对英语为本族语的人来说是“别扭”的,他们感到没有地道英文那样流畅。英文写作不是一个单纯的语法、句子、词汇的运用问题,也不是简单的框架结构、段落安排问题,而是一种交织着浓厚的社会、文化观念的语言思维活动。
二、英文写作中的母语痕迹。
汉语和英语民族的思维方式各自代表了东西方民族思维方式的特点。因此,写作中英语和汉语的结构、词序,连结手段等方面有各自的特征。英语表达方式上是“焦点透视(focus-attention)”,在句子层面的反映是,重要的部分应放在句首,不表示强调的状语以地点、时间的顺序排列在词尾。而汉语则是先偏后正的造句原则,先交待时间、地点等,再进入事情本身;中国学生写英语作文时往往按照汉语的习惯,形成了“句首状语句”这一中文式英语句型,这是中国学生的英语作文中由于受母语的干扰而常犯的错误之一。英语的焦点透视还表现在:一个句子以一个谓语动词为支点,其它动词要么以非谓语形式出现,要么在从句中作谓语。而汉语动词没有形态变化,往往是一个句子中有多个动词,呈散点透视。所以,中国学生写英语作文时不可避免地受到这种表达方式的影响,结果多动词句在学生的英文作文中比比皆是,这是中国学生在英语作文中常犯的错误之二。
逗号连接句也是中国学生在英文写作中受母语影响而产生的一种造句方式。学生写英语作文时,也总感到一个句子还没表达完,便不自觉地一逗到底。这样就造成句子关系含混,主次不明,重点不突出,影响了交流的目的,这是中国学生英文写作中常犯的错误之三。在篇章层面上,汉语文章的逻辑性在于内容。是“形散而神不散”,汉语的形式制约机制松驰而语义严谨;而英语的形式制约机制相对严谨。文章必须以一定的外露语言形态来确保作者思想按照一定的逻辑顺序发展。因此,中国学生往往按照汉语的习惯,写英语作文时也省去了必要的连接转换词,创造了许多缺少连接转换词的句子,这是中国学生在英文写作中常犯的错误之四。从上所述可见学生受母语影响之深,所以他们的英文习作就是汉语英译。
三、英文写作教学的对策分析。
中国学生英文习作,可以看出他们不善于变换句型使文章表达形式多样化,他们往往只立足于内容的表达,而不注意形式的完善,结果形式阻碍了内容的表达。我们在英文写作教学中,应让学生认识到中国式英语是一种跨文化语言交际中的干扰变体。它被母语是英语的人认为是“有缺陷的英语(deficient English)”,被看作是“不合规范英语或不合英语文化习惯的畸形英语”。同时,要向学生介绍英语篇思维模式(written doscourse pattern)。并用中文篇思维模式进行对照,对学生进行严格的模仿英语篇思维模式的层次模式训练,无疑是十分必要的。只有这样学生的英语作文才能符合英语的语言习惯,才能将“写作英语思维”落到实处,才能有助于从根本上提高学生的英语写作能力。我国传统的英语教学,忽视实际语法能力的培养。忽视汉、英民族文化的比较,把语言和文化分裂开来,使学生仅是机械地学到了英语词汇和语法条文,对所学语言缺乏感觉认识,实际应用英语的能力普遍不足。在英语写作教学中,即应强调英语知识的学习,还要注意写作交际技巧的考查与训练。我们应明确记住英语教学大纲的要求:“语言教学的最终目的是培养学生以书面或口头方式进行交流的能力。”
文/李桂萍
篇6:母语思维与英语写作
母语思维与英语写作
母语思维对二语或外语学习的影响历来是语言学家们研究的重点,也是引起争论的热点之一.外语学习能不能利用母语思维也是一个值得探讨的'问题.本文从心理语言学的角度,从语言具有共同性及母语和目的语的关系出发,分析了母语思维在外语教学中应有的作用.从写作的角度分析了母语策略与母语迁移的关系.由此,在写作教学中我们可以得到一些启示.
作 者:魏小玲 作者单位:西北师范大学外国语学院,甘肃,兰州,730070 刊 名:教师 英文刊名:TEACHER 年,卷(期): “”(24) 分类号:H3 关键词:心理语言学 母语思维 英语写作篇7:英语写作中的母语负迁移现象
英语写作中的母语负迁移现象
母语对外语学习的.影响有正迁移和负迁移之分.在英语写作教学中,应减少选词不当、语法错误、中式英语等母语负迁移现象,提高学生的英语写作水平.
作 者:李亚敏 武力 作者单位:西北工业大学,人文与经法学院,陕西,西安,710072 刊 名:安徽工业大学学报(社会科学版) 英文刊名:JOURNAL OF ANHUI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY(SOCIAL SCIENCES) 年,卷(期):2009 26(4) 分类号:H315 关键词:英语写作 母语 负迁移★英语写作
文档为doc格式