下面是小编整理的考研英语长难句类型及例题详解，本文共9篇，欢迎您阅读分享借鉴，希望对您有所帮助。
篇1：考研英语长难句类型及例题详解
考研英语长难句类型及例题详解
考研英语基础复习需要关注考研英语词汇及考研英语长难句的复习，下面为大家提供考研英语长难句类型及例题详解。
1. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. (难度系数5，下同)
译文：那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。
难句类型：倒装、省略
a本句的正常语序应当是：That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendnts an individuall will have and hence the number of gene copies transmited will be favored.但是因为主语That sex ratio之后的以which引导的修饰它的定语从句，如果按照以上语序，则有头重脚轻之感。所以原文将此长长的从句倒装成谓语will be favored之后。
b在which引导的从句中，有两处省略：第一处在maximize的第一个宾语the number of descendants that an individuall will have中， an individuall will have是修饰descendants的定语从句，但是，因为descendants在从句中作have的宾语，所以引导词that可以省略。第二处省略是在第二个the number of 之前，省略了与前面一样的成分that sex ratio which maximizes. And hence在此表示后面的成分作为前面“最大化一个个体的后代的数目的”结果。
意群训练：That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.
2. (This is)A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .(5++)
难句类型：复杂+倒装+省略;
(这是一种)照亮现实的欲望，此欲望从来就不会唐突的'取代后面的那种欲望，后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记录下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的欲望。
解释：本句子的难度在一切GRE、GMAT包括LSAT考试中所出现的难句中堪称登峰造极，可以确定地讲，类似此句子的难度的语言，在计算机考试的现场绝无可能出现。如果对此句话不感兴趣，可以把其废掉不读。
A、这句话读起来别扭的第一个原因，是因为它根本就不是一个句子。句首省略了this is 。这种用一个词代替一个句子的方式如果在书面语中出现，只能出现在高级英语中，因此我们以前的英语学习中从未遇到过。其形式类似于我们中文的“精彩”是“这句话真是精彩”的省略形式。
B、desire后跟着两个大的修饰成分，一个是to throw over reality a light，其中的a light 是被倒装到了over reality之后，正常应是throw a light over reality.不过这个便装部分与throw距离不远，读者看得还算懂。关键是第二个修饰成分。注意：从that开始直到句尾结束的长长的定语从句不是修饰其前的light的，而是修饰一开始的desire的。
C、第二个修饰成分中又来了一个倒装，由于作者为了强调never,所以将其提前，引发了定语从句中的倒装：正常语序应该是that might never be given away，倒装后系动词was被提前，given因为在情态动词might之后所以变成了原型give。A give way to B，是A让位于B，而A be given way to B， 则是A取代B。on the part of 之后的部分修饰后面的desire，what引导的从句现场阅读时可以看成一个名词。What从句中的不定式to recored exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower中又有一个避免头重脚轻的倒装，正常语序应该是to recored the structure and texture of a flower exactly and concretely。
D、就算能够看懂这句话的结构，可能仍然理解不了意思。本句的意思是，哈代(注：人名老的冲动是一种简单的、说明现实的欲望，新冲动是一种即是小说家又像科学家的仔细研究一个东西的特点那样的欲望(新冲动)，前一种欲望是永远也不能取代后者的。
意群训练：(This is )A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .
总结：考研英语长难句的翻译最重要是要捋清句子结构，把句子拆分开来分析，只有一一攻克才能把握大局。因此建议考生遇到长难句不要惊慌，要一步步的分析，结合句子结构、语法知识和词汇词义综合来解决。
篇2：考研英语 四种类型长难句解析
考研英语 四种类型长难句解析
》研究生入学考试中，英语命题专家喜欢在句子难度或长度上做文章，目的无外乎是想通过这种方式来干扰考生正常的阅读习惯和思维方式，以此考查考生阅读综合能力。从根本上来说，要提高对长难句的理解并没有太多捷径，必须多看。下面我们将分别分析阅读中常见的几种类型的长句，希望大家能从中得到一些启示。1.含有分隔结构的句子
分隔结构在英语表达中经常出现，它的作用主要是调整语气、补充信息以及平衡句子结构。在阅读长难句中出现较多的分隔形式是插入语。
插入语有很多不同的类型，可以是一个词，比如形容词(strange，etc)、副词(personally，honestly，fortunately，luckily，etc);可以是短语，比如形容词短语(worst still，sure enough，etc)、介词短语(of course，in short，as a matter of fact，by the way，etc)、分词短语、动词不定式(to be sure，to tell you the truth，etc);也可以是句子，比如if I may say so，if you don't mind，that is(to say)等都是非常常见的插入语。通常，去掉句中这些插入成分不会影响句子的完整性。如：I say /hear，I think /hope / believe，you know / see，what's more，I'm afraid，do you think / suppose等。
如：His journey to the e-mail hell began innocently enough when, as chairman of Computer Associates International，a software company，he first heard how quickly his employees had accepted their new electronic-mail system. 这是一个典型的含有多个插入语的长句。as chairman of Computer Associates International是he的同位语，a software company是Computer Associates International的同位语，它们将从属连词when引导的时间状语从句的主语分隔开了。去掉这些插入语后，这句话的意思就很清楚了。
2.被从句拉长的简单句
这些句子较长，有时甚至出现一个从句套另一个从句、环环相扣的情况。遇到这种情况时，考生在阅读过程中经常会遗忘前面刚刚读过的内容，往往读了几遍，还搞不清整个句子的结构。
如：Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomenon.
事实上，无论多长多复杂的句子，都是由主干和修饰成分这两部分组成的。主干是整句话的主体框架，主要指主谓宾结构(He plays basketball)或主系表结构(This is an apple)。修饰成分可以是单词，可以是短语，也可以是从句，无论是何种形式，它在句中都只起到修饰和补充主干的作用。因此，对于这种类型的长句，我们要做的首先是确定主干，然后理清从句结构，再按照所确定的各个成分想想句子的大意，再联系上下文看是否与语境相吻合。如果前后文理不通，则可能是分析有误，这时就需要对句子结构重新进行分析。
用上述的方法简化上述的那句话，就会发现，句子的主干是there is not one，后面都是修饰成分。定语从句who has not…natural phenomenon修饰先行词one，在这个定语从句中，of the very same kind…as that…作为后置定语修饰a complex train of reasoning;句中有一个让步状语though differing in degree作为分隔结构，把the very same…as that分隔开;as that which…中的`that是先行词，被which所引导的定语从句修饰。
在考研英语阅读中，常用来拉长简单句的就是定语从句和状语从句。尽管很多考生对这两种从句并不陌生，但仍然被它们迷惑，分不清单词、短语和从句之间的相互关系。比如分不清定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个，或者一个从句究竟该在哪里结束。出现这种情况并不完全是因为对语法不够熟悉，而是因为忘记了一个重要的原则――在没有列举的情况下，以句号为标记的一句话中一般只能有一个谓语动词。因此，从句应该在其后的第一个谓语动词和第二个谓语动词之间结束。如果从句中出现连词and等，则有可能连接了两个谓语动词，那么从句就应该在第二个和第三个谓语动词之间结束，以此类推。
3.多个并列句构成的长句
这是一种相对简单的情况，我们首先要做的就是找到并列连词(and, so, but, or, etc)，然后将长句分解成多个分句，理清各分句的内部结构和句意，然后再综合考虑全句，即可明了整句话想表达的意思。如：In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale，had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children，but he was terribly unhappy. 需要注意的是，这种类型的句子中常出现省略现象，比如在本例中，第二个并列句即had前面就省去了and he。
4.复合从句
对于复合从句，要首先找出从属连词并确定主句，接着按照简单句的分析方法，梳理各分句的结构和意义，然后确定各从句的性质，也就是明确每个从句在句中分别修饰哪些词语或结构，最后综合整体考虑全句大意。如：In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization―with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.
在这个句子中，首先确定连词whereas(而)表示对比，确定主句并找出主干结构，也就是the process of industrialization―was spread over nearly a century，破折号中间的短语是附加成分，修饰主语中心词process，其中social patterns后面that followed是一个定语从句。
最后提醒大家，在进行长难句分析时，还应特别注意以下几点：
(1)是否有省略、倒装等现象;
(2)明确替代词的所指对象;
(3)判断并列成分的层次;
(4)句首的并列连词and、or、but、for通常起承上启下的作用，不要将它们归入后文的句法分析;
(5)在有多个从句的复合句和并列句中，要准确判断状语(单个词、短语或从句)究竟是全句的修饰语还是某个从句或词语的修饰语。
/kaoyan/篇3：考研英语四大类型长难句解题技巧
考研英语四大类型长难句解题技巧
1.含有分隔结构的句子
分隔结构在英语表达中经常出现，它的作用主要是调整语气、补充信息以及平衡句子结构。在阅读长难句中出现较多的分隔形式是插入语。
插入语有很多不同的类型，可以是一个词，比如形容词(strange，etc)、副词 (personally，honestly，fortunately，luckily，etc);可以是短语，比如形容词短语(worst still，sure enough，etc)、介词短语(of course，in short，as a matter of fact，by the way，etc)、分词短语、动词不定式(to be sure，to tell you the truth，etc);也可以是句子，比如if I may say so，if you don't mind，that is(to say)等都是非常常见的插入语。通常，去掉句中这些插入成分不会影响句子的完整性。如：I say /hear，I think /hope / believe，you know / see，what's more，I'm afraid，do you think / suppose等。
如：His journey to the e-mail hell began innocently enough when, as chairman of Computer Associates International，a software company，he first heard how quickly his employees had accepted their new electronic-mail system. 这是一个典型的含有多个插入语的长句。as chairman of Computer Associates International是he的同位语，a software company是Computer Associates International的同位语，它们将从属连词when引导的时间状语从句的主语分隔开了。去掉这些插入语后，这句话的.意思就很清楚了。
2.被从句拉长的简单句
这些句子较长，有时甚至出现一个从句套另一个从句、环环相扣的情况。遇到这种情况时，考生在阅读过程中经常会遗忘前面刚刚读过的内容，往往读了几遍，还搞不清整个句子的结构。
如：Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomenon.
事实上，无论多长多复杂的句子，都是由主干和修饰成分这两部分组成的。主干是整句话的主体框架，主要指主谓宾结构(He plays basketball)或主系表结构(This is an apple)。修饰成分可以是单词，可以是短语，也可以是从句，无论是何种形式，它在句中都只起到修饰和补充主干的作用。因此，对于这种类型的长句，我们要做的首先是确定主干，然后理清从句结构，再按照所确定的各个成分想想句子的大意，再联系上下文看是否与语境相吻合。如果前后文理不通，则可能是分析有误，这时就需要对句子结构重新进行分析。
用上述的方法简化上述的那句话，就会发现，句子的主干是there is not one，后面都是修饰成分。定语从句who has not…natural phenomenon修饰先行词one，在这个定语从句中，of the very same kind…as that…作为后置定语修饰a complex train of reasoning;句中有一个让步状语though differing in degree作为分隔结构，把the very same…as that分隔开;as that which…中的that是先行词，被which所引导的定语从句修饰。
在考研英语阅读中，常用来拉长简单句的就是定语从句和状语从句。尽管很多考生对这两种从句并不陌生，但仍然被它们迷惑，分不清单词、短语和从句之间的相互关系。比如分不清定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个，或者一个从句究竟该在哪里结束。出现这种情况并不完全是因为对语法不够熟悉，而是因为忘记了一个重要的原则――在没有列举的情况下，以句号为标记的一句话中一般只能有一个谓语动词。因此，从句应该在其后的第一个谓语动词和第二个谓语动词之间结束。如果从句中出现连词and等，则有可能连接了两个谓语动词，那么从句就应该在第二个和第三个谓语动词之间结束，以此类推。
3.多个并列句构成的长句
这是一种相对简单的情况，我们首先要做的就是找到并列连词(and, so, but, or, etc)，然后将长句分解成多个分句，理清各分句的内部结构和句意，然后再综合考虑全句，即可明了整句话想表达的意思。如：In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale，had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children，but he was terribly unhappy. 需要注意的是，这种类型的句子中常出现省略现象，比如在本例中，第二个并列句即had前面就省去了and he
4.复合从句
对于复合从句，要首先找出从属连词并确定主句，接着按照简单句的分析方法，梳理各分句的结构和意义，然后确定各从句的性质，也就是明确每个从句在句中分别修饰哪些词语或结构，最后综合整体考虑全句大意。如：In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization―with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.
在这个句子中，首先确定连词whereas(而)表示对比，确定主句并找出主干结构，也就是the process of industrialization―was spread over nearly a century，破折号中间的短语是附加成分，修饰主语中心词process，其中social patterns后面that followed是一个定语从句。
最后需要提醒的是，在进行长难句分析时，还应特别注意以下几点：
(1)是否有省略、倒装等现象;
(2)明确替代词的所指对象;
(3)判断并列成分的层次;
(4)句首的并列连词and、or、but、for通常起承上启下的作用，不要将它们归入后文的句法分析;
(5)在有多个从句的复合句和并列句中，要准确判断状语(单个词、短语或从句)究竟是全句的修饰语还是某个从句或词语的修饰语。
篇4：考研英语长难句翻译真题词汇详解：（1）
长难句：there is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse,and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture.
重点词汇：democratize uniformity discourse casualness deference
■答案■
1、译文：(美国社会出现）“服饰和话语趋于平民化的一致，随意和尊重的缺失”，这样正是通俗文化的特点。
分析：注意句子的表语是引号中的句子成分，表语实际是三个内容：the democrat-izing uniformity,the casualness和absence of deference。形容词短语（characteristic of popular culture）是表语的后置定语。对此句的理解在很大程度上取决于对单词的理解。
2、democratize意为“民主化”，本句中意为“平民化”。 uniformity意为“相同，一致”。since then,the nation has sought uniformity in education to expand opportunities to all students.（自那时起，国家就致力于向所有的学生提供相同的教育机会。） discourse表示书面和口头的表达，因此一般译成“话语”，语言学的说法是“语篇”。 casualness表示随意的态度、举止、穿着等。 deference意为“顺从，尊重”。in deference to my friend and colleague dr. b-rundtland,i won‘t show those slides at this symposium.（为了以示对我的朋友和同事布伦特兰博士的尊重，我就不在这次研讨会上播放那些幻灯片。）
篇5：考研英语长难句1精选
61. Recently federal policy makers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting larger, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies.
62. SCIENCE FICTION can provide students interested in the future with a basic introduction to the concept of thinking about possible futures in a serious way, a sense of the emotional forces in their own culture that are affecting the shape the future may take, and a multitude of extrapolations regarding the results of present trends.
63. There is one particular type of story that can be especially valuable as a stimulus to discussion of these issues both in courses on the future and in social science courses in general-the story which presents well-worked-out, detailed societies that differ significantly from the society of the reader.
64. In performing this “what if…” function, SCIENCE FICTION can act as a social laboratory as authors ruminate upon the forms social relationships could take if key variables in their own societies were different, and upon what new belief systems or mythologies could arise in the future to provide the basic rationalizations for human activities.
65. If it is true that more people find it difficult to conceive of the ways in which their society, or human nature itself, could undergo fundamental changes, then SCIENCE FICTION of this type may provoke one’s imagination to consider the diversity of paths potentially open to society.
66. That is, SCIENCE FICTION has always had a certain cybernetic effect on society, as its visions emotionally engage the future-consciousness of the mass public regarding especially desirable and undesirable possibilities.
67. It is often pointed out that, however ingenious they may be about future technologies, many SCIENCE FICTION writers exhibit an implicit conservative bias in their stories, insofar as social projections are either ignored or based on variations of the present status quo or of historical social systems reshuffled whole-cloth into the future.
68. Most SCIENCE FICTION authors have found it as hard as most other mortals to extrapolate social mores different from those operating within their own milieu, so that, it has been charged, far from preparing the reader for future shock, SCIENCE FICTION is a literature that comfortably and smugly reassures him that the future will not be radically different from the present.
69. The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions.
70. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family.
71. But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: can we gather a way, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way, perhaps striking a better balance between creativity and basic skills?
72. Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting, and so on, is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience.
73. The question of whether the decrease in plant fecundity caused by the spraying of pesticides actually causes a decline in the overall population of flowering plant species still remains unanswered.
74. This fact alone makes imperative in any education system the study of the kinds of works discussed in this section.
75. The explosion of a bomb in the streets of a city whose name no one had ever heard before may set in motion forces which end up by ruining one’s carefully planned education in law school, half a world away.
76. These questions are political in the sense that the debate over them will inevitably be less an exploration of abstract matters in a spirit of disinterested(公正的，没有私利的) inquiry than an academic power struggle in which the careers and professional fortunes of many women scholars Conly now entering the academic profession in substantial numbers―are at stake, and with them the chances for a distinctive contribution to humanistic understanding, a contribution that might serve as an important influence against increasing sexism in our society of fundamental, unparalleled change.
77. But the plight of the world compels his unwilling attention, and when he sees that human stupidity and greed are about to plunge Europe into chaos and destroy the most glorious civilization the world has ever known, he feels that it is high time for men of good sense and good will to intervene and to take politics out of the hands of the plutocrats of the Right and the woolly-minded idealists of the Left.
78. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to arouse enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up from its foundations and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.
79. Where there is an unspoken convention that principles are not to be disputed or where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable.
80. Interest in historical methods has risen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
81. While historians once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past.
82. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world.
83. During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of historical evidence in the historical study.
84. There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.
85. The fallacy applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activities with specific techniques.
86. I shall define an intellectual as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.
87. Whether to use tests，other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
88. In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined. Tests do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
89. While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline----after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late '80s---and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class down-shifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.
90. An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.
91. Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction C indeed, contradiction C which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom.
92. An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law.
93. It is not simply to raise everyone’s job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens.
94. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computer-education advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement.
95. But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. Of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs.
96. When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.
97. It is a curious paradox that we think of the physical sciences as “hard”, the social sciences as “soft”, and the biological sciences as somewhere in between.
98. New forms of thoughts as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.
99. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.
100. There are those who assert that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution.
101. I shall define an intellectual as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.
102. He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained.
103. His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
104. This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals----the average scientist for one. I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.
105. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties--- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports.
106. But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.
107. Never when prolonged arguments avoided the subjects which are huge and important enough to rouse enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up from its foundations and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of thinking beings.
108. Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.
109. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment-although no one had proposed to do so--and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.
110. That group--the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC)-has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May,members agreed on a near-final draft of their recommendations.
111. NBAC will ask that Clinton’s 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law. But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells-routine in molecular biology.
112. In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning.
113. NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo’ s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.
114. For example, ALH84001 has been on earth for 13,000 years, suggesting to some scientists that its PAH’s might have resulted form terrestrial contamination.
115. Two years later, the McKay team announced that ALH84001, which scientists generally agree originated on Mars, contained compelling evidence that life once existed on Mars.
116. Many commentators believe that this change had already occurred in 1871 when―following a dispute between the House and the Senate over which chamber should enjoy primacy in Indian affairs―Congress abolished the making of treaties with Native American tribes.
117. But in reality the federal government continued to negotiate formal tribal agreements past the turn of the century, treating these documents not as treaties with sovereign nations requiring ratification by the Senate but simply as legislation to be passed by both houses of Congress.
118. This historian assumes that Alessandra had goals and interests different from those of her sons, yet much of the historian’s own research reveals that Alessandra acted primarily as a champion of her sons’ interests, taking their goals as her own.
119. Most pre-1990 literature on businesses’ use of information technology (IT)―defined as any form of computer-based information system―focused on spectacular IT successes and reflected a general optimism concerning IT’s potential as a resource for creating competitive advantage.
120. The findings support the notion, founded in resource-based theory, that competitive advantages do not arise from easily replicated resources, no matter how impressive or economically valuable they may be, but from complex, intangible resources.
篇6：考研英语长难句复习资料
如在第一篇阅读的第五题的四个选项:
A. Faith will nove mountains.
B. One reaps what one sow
C. Practice makes perfect.
D. Like faher, like son.
这就要求大家要掌握一些常见的谚语类表达。下面，跨考教育英语教研室高静老师就和大家分享常见以N开头的谚语。
1. Never say die.永不言败。
2. No cross, no crown.不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。
3. New wine in old bottles.旧瓶装新酒。
4. Never too late to learn, never too late to turn.亡羊补牢，为时已晚。
5. No living man all things can.世上没有万事通。
6. No one can do things at once. 一心不可二用。
7. No man is born wise or learned. 没有生而知之者。
8. No man is content.人心不足蛇吞象。
9. No man is wise at all times.聪明一世，糊涂一时。
10. None are so blind as those who don’t see.视而不见。
11. No garden without its weeds.没有不长草的园子。
12. None are so deaf as those who won’t hear.充耳不闻。
13. No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。
14. No one can call back yesterday.昨日不会重现。
15. No pains, no gains.没有付出就没有收获。
16. No pleasure without pain.没有苦就没有乐。
17. No rose without a thorn. 没有不带刺的玫瑰。
18. No sweet without sweat.先苦后甜。
19. No smoke without fire.无风不起浪。
20. Nothing brave, nothing have.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
21. Nothing dries sooner than a tear.眼泪干得最快。
22. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事，只怕有心人。
23. Nothing is difficult to the man who will try. 世上无难事，只要肯登攀。
24. Nothing seek， nothing find. 没有追求就没有收获。
25. Nothing is so necessary for travelers as languages.外出旅行，言语最重要。
26. Nothing is to be got without pains but poverty.世上只有贫穷可以不劳而获。
27. Not to advance is to go back. 不进则退。
28. No way is impossible to courage.勇者无惧。
29. Not to know what happened before one was born always to be a child.不懂世故，幼稚可笑。
篇7：考研英语长难句怎么翻译
1.英语一和英语二的复习方法是否有区别?
首先和大家说明一下英语一和英语二在翻译上的区别：从难度水平上来看，英语一的难度要高于英语二;从出题形式上来看，英语一在文本中挑选5个长难句要求考生进行翻译，而英语二则是挑选一段话进行翻译，这是在出题形式上的差别。
然而，从复习方法上来看，英语一与英语二是基本一致的。虽然形式不同，但是英语中翻译句子的方法是万变不离其中的，因此一般考研英语翻译的相关材料也是同时适用于英语一和英语二的，只要掌握了提炼句子结构与成分的方法，无论是任何长难句都可以迎刃而解，因此在翻译这一题型中不需要特别去区分英语一和英语二。当然，在临近考试的阶段可以更多地去熟悉自己所要考的题型。
2.如何选择长难句翻译的复习材料?
长难句翻译的材料大致可分为两种：一种是针对包括阅读理解与翻译在内的所有长难句译法的详解，植根于句子本身的类型和结构从语法角度进行全面讲解;另一种则是专门针对考研翻译真题，简要介绍翻译方法后，对历年翻译部分的真题进行详细的结构划分和翻译，相比之下更具针对性。因此建议大家根据自己的实际情况和复习偏好，自己去选择适合自己的复习材料。
3.如何辨别简单句与复合句?
所谓简单句，就是句子中只有一套主谓结构的句子，复合句则是指句子中有多于一套的主谓结构，因此，通过句子中能提炼出的主谓个数即可判断出来。另一种相对直观的方法是根据从句的引导词判断，例如：what,that,which等等，通常每一种从句都会有比较明显的引导词出现，对这些词进行积累就能很容易判断出来。当然，一般来说，考研英语翻译题中出现的绝大多数都是复合句，即使是简单句，翻译的难度也不亚于复合句。
4.如何提炼主句与从句?
提炼主句与从句是一项需要长期培养的能力，很多地方需要在练习和积累中慢慢体会。不过简单来说，提炼主句就是提炼出句子最主干的那套主谓宾，所以要对句子中的主语、谓语和宾语部分保持敏感。另外，就像前面所说的，从句一般都会有比较明确的引导词，根据引导词划分从句一般是比较便捷的方法。
5.是否应当把阅读理解当成翻译来做?
很多同学觉得考研英语翻译的真题偏少，为了增强自己的翻译能力，常常会犹豫是否应该把阅读理解当成翻译题来做。那么首先我们需要明确的是，阅读理解的选择题和翻译题对考生的要求是不同的，在做选择题时仅仅要求考生能够理解句子的含义;而在翻译题中，要求考生不仅能够意会句子的含义，还要用中文表达出来，这其实提升了一些难度。因此，如果确实想提高翻译水平，可以挑选一些阅读理解中的句子进行翻译，但是没有必要对每句话都逐字翻译，如果时间紧张的话，也可以只对考研翻译真题进行翻译和总结，不去把阅读理解的内容当成翻译题那么详细的去翻译，当然，理解层面的翻译还是必要的，但不一定要用中文写出来。
6.如何判断单词的不同词义?
这是一个涉及到单词的问题。在考研翻译中，很多单词都具有多种含义，在每个句子中应该选取单词的哪种含义，是大家都会面临的问题，也是每个人都曾犯错的地方。在这里我可以给大家两个小建议：一是逐渐积累，当你发现某个高频词汇经常出现且具有多种含义时，将它的所有含义和词性一一查阅并记录，最好是通过例句来记忆，这样一步一步水平总会有提升;二是要联系上下文根据语境进行判断，有时候尽管你不清楚某个词的确切含义，但通过文章主题或上下文提示是可以猜出来的。因此做题时也不要放弃，尽量与答案靠拢就可以了。
7.大概知道句子的含义，但翻译不出来怎么办?
考研翻译对考生有两个层面的要求：一是理解，理解句意是翻译正确的前提，也是做对选择题的基础;二是表达，这就是翻译题异于选择题的地方，不仅需要理解，还要用中文进行准确、通顺和完整的表达，才能够得分。因此仅仅知道句子的含义是不够的，一定要刻意训练自己的表达能力，练习时将译句写在纸上，与答案进行比对，如此重复多次，表达的水平自然会有提升。
8.如何对真题进行总结?
对于翻译题而言，最重要的总结过程就是总结你的译句与标准答案之间的差异，思考二者有何不同，不同到什么程度?如果只是遣词造句的微小不同，则可以放宽要求;但如果在结构上或顺序上有较大差别，则需引起注意，弄清某一结构究竟如何翻译，特别是一些特殊结构的翻译方法，需要反复斟酌并记录下来。
9.考研翻译的得分点在哪里?
考研翻译有很多要点，最重要的就是句子结构的提炼、关键词的翻译以及中文表达的准确、完整和通顺程度。在练习时先要学会提炼对句子的主句和从句，积累相关词汇，理解到位后在仔细调整中文表达即可。
10.备考要点总结
综上所述，在翻译题的备考和复习过程中大家要注意以下几个问题：一是练习时一定要将自己的翻译落在纸上，不能只是在脑海里进行演示;二是做题时注意独立完成，即使遇到生词或陌生的句子结构也要先用自己科学的猜测去整合出答案，再参考标准答案;三是一定要在提炼句子的基础上联系上下文进行翻译，上下文能够对翻译句子有诸多的提示作用，是一把通往准确翻译的钥匙;四是在做题后一定要根据答案进行校对和总结，这个过程比做题本身更重要，长期的积累可以对提升翻译水平有很大帮助，希望大家能够耐心做题，认真积累，相信一段时间后会有质的提升。
1.考研英语长难句怎么复习
2.考研英语长难句
3.考研英语长难句翻译技巧：综合法
4.2017考研英语长难句复习
5.考研英语长难句例子
6.考研英语长难句精选
7.考研英语如何复习――长难句翻译应试技巧和策略
8.考研英语长难句突破：表语从句
9.2016考研英语长难句结构解析
10.2017考研英语长难句考察句型：并列句型
篇8：考研英语长难句1精选
1. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century.
2. This modern faith in medicines is proved by the fact that the annual drug bill of the Health Services is mounting to astronomical figures and shows no signs at present of ceasing to rise.
3. This overlooked the fact that the poor nations now can borrow the technologies of more developed nations, some of which will be readily adaptable to their own environments, and improve their techniques of production very rapidly.
4. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated men are in this condition, and even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions.
5. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.
6. We have enriched our lives by creating physical mobility through the motor-car, the jet aeroplane, and other means of mechanical transport; and we have added to our intellectual mobility by the telephone, radio, and television.
7. He extends his own energies by the generation and transmission of power and his nervous system and his thinking and decision Cmaking faculties through automation.
8. On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.
9. Secondly, it is not merely desirable but essential for a teacher to have a great capacity for sympathy, a capacity to understand the minds and feelings of other people and, especially, since most teachers are school teachers, the minds and feelings of children.
10. This is the world out of which grows the hope, for the first time in history, of a society where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear.
11. This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishments cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
12. Webb argues that the colonial legislative assemblies represented the interests not of the common people but of the colonial upper classes, a coalition of merchants and nobility who favored self-rule and sought to elevate legislative authority at the expense of the executive.
13. Closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerant Cnot, indeed, of what is wrong, but of the weaknesses and immaturity of human nature which induce people, and again especially children, to make mistakes.
14. Proponents believe that may permanently change the baby's structure, functioning and metabolism, setting it up to be more vulnerable than normal to the development in adulthood of heart disease and related disorders such as high blood pressure, stroke and diabetes.
15. Moreover, I can feel strong emotions in response to objects of arts that are interpretations, rather than representations, of reality.
16. New forms of thoughts as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.
17. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.
18. Few changes in the domestic American economy in the postwar period appear to me to be as significant and as inadequately recognized, particularly by national policy makers, as those changes―heavily influenced by technology―which increasingly bind the domestic economy to the rest of the world, and make it a more independent sub-element of a larger and more powerful economic system.
19. While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
20. In a critique published this week in The Lancet medical journal, scientists conclude that the reported link between low birth weight and higher blood pressure later in life, an early cornerstone of the theory, may not be as strong as previously thought.
21. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage.
22. For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of man.
23. The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers.
24. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons.
25. In 1993, there was an explosion in a population of rodents in southwestern United States that spread hantavirus syndrome, a lung infection, after a drought that killed off the rodents' predators was quickly followed by heavy rains that expanded the rats' food supply.
26. She adds, “Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they’ve gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down(使不突出)their visibility.”
27. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our epoch is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in common something that can be called “human nature.”
28. The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text.
29. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery.
30. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease.
31. Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it.
32. It is true that in this country we have more overweight people than ever before, and that, in many cases, being over-weight correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease.
33. Science fiction is not only change speculator but change agent, sending an echo from the future that is becoming into the present that is sculpting it.
34. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.
35. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities.
36. As a consequence, it may prove difficult or impossible to establish for a successful revolution a comprehensive and trustworthy picture of those who participated or to answer even the most basic questions one might pose concerning the social origins of the insurgents.
37. Yet Walzer’s argument, however deficient, does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism―namely, that it brings to predominant positions those people who, however legitimately they have earned their material rewards, often lack those important qualities which evoke affection or admiration.
38. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge.
39. The theory, known as the fetal origins of adult disease hypothesis, postulates that when a fetus is undernourished, it diverts resources to areas it really needs at the time, such as the brain, at the expense of organs it will need later in life, such as the lungs.
40. Whether the productivity gains that result from new industries based on new technology are properly reflected in the indices we use to measure productivity or not, each of these industries has given us a quantum jump in productivity, no matter how you choose to define it.
41. The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctively important social science.
42. It is recounted of Thomas Carlyle that when he heard of the illness of his friend, Henry Tailor, he went off immediately to visit him, carrying with him in his pocket what remained of a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs Carlyle’s.
43. The question of whether the decrease in plant fecundity caused by the spraying of pesticides actually causes a decline in the overall population of flowering plant species still remains unanswered.
44. President Bush, in a June 11 speech on global climate change, described as “fatally flawed” the treaty negotiated in Kyoto, Japan, by the United States and other industrial countries but later rejected by the Bush Administration.
45. Given the great expense of conducting such experiments with proper controls, and the limited promise of experiments performed thus far, it is questionable whether further experiments in this area should even be conducted.
46. One of the first measures proposed by president Franklin D .Roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was subsequently passed by Congress.
47. As the century developed, the increasing magnitude and complexity of the problems to be solved and the growing interconnection of different disciplines made it impossible, in many cases, for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data, techniques and equipment required for carrying out research accurately and efficiently.
48. If courses in design, which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem solving are not provided, we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems.
49. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights.
50. It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.
51. Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.
52. The patients attending the out-patients departments of our hospitals feel that they have not received adequate treatment unless they are able to carry home with them some tangible remedy in the form of a bottle of medicine, a box of pills or a small jar of ointment.
53. There is no quicker method of disposing of patients than by giving them what they are asking for, and since most medical men in the Health Services are over-worked and have little time for offering time-consuming and little-appreciated advice on such subjects as diet, right living and the need for abandoning bad habits, etc, the bottle, the box and the jar are almost always granted them.
54. It is recounted of Thomas Carlyle that when he heard of the illness of his friend, Henry Tailor, he went off immediately to visit him, carrying with him in his pocket what remained of a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs. Carlyle’s.
55. Carlyle was entirely ignorant of what the bottle in his pocket contained, of the nature of illness from which his friend was suffering, and of what had previously been wrong with his wife, but a medicine that had worked so well in one form of illness would surely be of equal benefit in another, and comforted by the thought of the help he was bringing to his friend, he hastened to Henry Tailor’s house.
56. It is often pointed out that, however ingenious they may be about future technologies, many SCIENCE FICTION writers exhibit an implicit conservative bias in their stories, insofar as social projections are either ignored or based on variations of the present status quo or of historical social systems reshuffled whole-cloth into the future.
57. The underlying assumption of every kind of government by wisers and betters is that people on the whole are not fit to manage their own affairs, but must have someone else do it for them, and there is no paradox when such a government treats its subjects without respect, or deals with them on the basis of their having no rights that the government must take into account.
58. While it is perhaps puzzling that Jordan and Turner do not see that there is no logic that requires dualism as a philosophical basis for preservation, more puzzling is the sharpness and ruthlessness of their attack on preservationists, reinforced by the fact that they offer little, if any, criticism of those who have robbed the natural world.
59. Americans who stem from generations which left their old people behind and never closed their parents’ eyelids in death, and who have experienced the additional distance from death provided by two world wars are today pushing away from them both a recognition of death and a recognition of the tremendous significance C for the future C of the way we live our lives.
60. Acceptance of the inevitability of death, which, when faced, can give dignity to life, and acceptance of our inescapable role in the modern world, might transmute our anxiety about making the right choices, taking the right precautions and the right risks into the sterner stuff of responsibility, which ennobles the whole face rather than furrowing the forehead with little wrinkles of worry.
篇9：考研英语长难句例子
英语长句的特点
英语长句一样平常指的是种种庞大句，庞大句里大概有多个从句，从句与从句之间的干系大概包罗、嵌套，也大概并列，平行。从成果来说，英语有三大复合句，即：
①名词性从句，包罗主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句，即我们通常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。
一样平常说来，英语长句有如下几个特点：
1)布局庞大，逻辑层次多;
2)常须根据上下文作词义的引申;
3)常须根据上下文对指代词的指代干系做出果断;
4)并列因素多;
5)修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长;
6)风俗搭配和针言每每出现。
真题链接1
Manyof life’s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends orcolleagues are beyond the capacity of the extended family to resolve.(1995text)
要想理解句子的含义必须缕清句式，抓主干，去枝叶。那在捋顺的这个过程中，划分意群就显得特别重要。本句话Manyof life’s problems是主语部分，后面出现which从句到那结束呢?如果没有and等连词出现的情况下，第二个动词即为主句的谓语动词，所以are是主干的谓语动词，are后面是beyond引导的介宾短语部分。那回头看一下which引导的是什么从句，经分析which指代前面problems，所以，为定语从句。这样结构就照清楚了。接下来就可以直接翻译为：许多过去曾经可以通过询问家庭成员，朋友和同事可以解决的生活问题，现在已经超出了大家庭可以解决的范围。(大家一定要切记汉语没有时态，但是英语是有时态的，所以，翻译过程中一定要把握到位)
真题链接2
But,for a small group of students, professional training might be the right way togo since well developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be thedifference between having a job or not.(1999 text3)
划分句子时，要注意几大标志，如连词，介宾短语，标点符号，非谓语动词等等，这些因素都可以有效的帮助我们划分句子。For后加名词短语构成介宾短语，所以后 professional training为主干主语，mightbe为主句谓语动词部分，way为表语。到此，主句已经画出来了。Since引导原因状语从句，since句中两逗号之间all other factors being equal是独立主格为插入语。此句就可以翻译为：对于一部分同学来说，职业训练可能是一条正确之路，因为在其他条件相同的情况下，拥有良好的职业技能对于找工作来讲是截然不同的。
真题链接3
Thesituation may all change in 2008, when Kenya will be slightly too rich toqualify for the “least-developed country” status that allows African producersto avoid paying stiff European import duties on selected agricultural products.
这句话理解起来还是有难度的，首先，我们依然划分句子结构。开篇即为主系表结构，in 2008 为时间状语。所以，到此，主句已经足够，判断后面when引导的句子为定语从句，且同样为主系表结构。That引导定语从句修饰先行词status，这样句子结构就缕清楚了。此句可释义为：这种情况在2008年可能会改变，此时肯尼亚将稍稍富裕而不再具有最不发达国家的地位，此地位允许非洲的生产商对于指定的农产品可以避免支付昂贵的欧洲进口关税。
文档为doc格式
