下面是小编收集整理的考研英语阅读难句分析之分割结构，本文共9篇，供大家参考借鉴，欢迎大家分享。
篇1：考研英语阅读难句分析之分割结构
考研英语阅读难句分析之分割结构
分割结构是一种修辞手段，在英语句子中，特别是在书面语中，比较常见。分割结构就是指把英语句子中原来属于一个整体的句子成分分割开，一部分留在句子的原来位置，另一部分远离原来位置。如：The best books are treasuries of good words,the golden thoughts,which,remembered and cherished,become our constant companions and comforters. 不难看出which become our constant companions and comforters原本是一个整体，被用作状语的过去分词remembered and cherished分割开。常见的分割结构形式有同位语或同位语从句与先行词的分割，定语或and定语从句与先行词的分割，主语与谓语的分割，谓语与宾语的分割。使用分割结构的目的是使语句结构平衡，避免头重脚轻，或者为了使表达的主题思想更加突出醒目，读起来更通顺流畅。分割结构的存在说明了英语在结构形式和表达方法上的生动性和灵活性，但也造成了句子结构的错综复杂。对于分割结构，只有从结构上和语意上弄清它才能避免理解上的错误，英译汉时要把原来属于一个整体部分的意义译出。
如：An unusual present was given to him for his birthday,a book on ethics.过生日的时候他得到了一件不寻常的礼物――一本关于伦理道德的书。（present 和a book被分隔）
再如：After Galileo's work the feeling grew that there were universal laws governing the motion of bodies and that these laws might apply to motion in the heavens as well as on earth.在伽利略著作之后，这样的认识加强了，即认为存在着支配物体运动的普遍规律，这些规律不仅支配着地球上的也支配着天体上的物体的运动。（the feeling和 that从句被分隔）
此外，还有定语（或定语从句）与其中心词被分隔，某些词语与其所要求的介词被分隔，动词与其宾语被分隔，介词与其宾语被分隔等。总之，英语的分隔应遵循尾重原则（应当把长而复杂的成分放在句末，从而使结构平衡匀称，以避免主语部分太长，谓语部分太短）和句尾信息焦点原则（把新信息，即语义重点放在句子末尾）。阅读时要注意把原来属于一个整体的各部分找出来。
1. Such a viewpoint,particularly prominent in the developing countries,is reinforced by the widely-held belief that it is not the peaceful application of nuclear energy that is endangering the survival of mankind.
第一层：Such a viewpoint,主 particularly prominent in the developing 定 countries,is 系 reinforced 表 by the widely-held belief 状 that it is not the peaceful application of nuclear energy that is end- 同位语从句 angering the survival of mankind.
第二层：（同位语从句）that 引 it 形主 is not 系 the peaceful application 强调主语 of nuclear energy 定 that 引 is endangering 谓 the survival 宾 of mankind. 定
要点 本句主干为Such a viewpoint…… is reinforced by the widely-held belief；形容词短语particularly prominent in the developing countries，作为插入语修饰viewpoint，将主语和谓语分隔开来；介词短语by the widely-held belief是被动语态reinforced的行为主体；that it is……mankind是belief的同位语从句，这里还含有一个强调句式，即it is not the peaceful application……that is endangering……。
译文 这种在发展中国家显得尤为突出的观点被一种广泛持有的信念所加强，即并非和平利用核能正危害着人类的生存。
2. No girl should marry a man whose last name has the same initial as hers,for,as the rhyme goes,Change the name but not the letter,marry for worse instead of better.
第一层：No girl 主 should marry 谓 a man 宾 whose last name has the same initial as hers,定语从句 for,as the rhyme goes,Change 状语从句 the name but not the letter,marry for worse instead of better.
第二层：（定语从句）whose 引 last name 主 has 谓 the same initial 宾 as hers 定
（状语从句）for,引 as the rhyme goes,状 Change 谓 the name 宾 but 连 not the letter,宾 marry 谓 for worse instead of better.状
要点 这是个主从复合句。for是连接词，引导状语从句。as the rhyme goes是插入语，插在for和它引导的从句之间，造成for和它引导的从句的分离，翻译时，可译成一个主谓结构。
译文 姑娘不该嫁给与自己的姓的首字母相同的人，因为正如一首童谣所说：改姓不改首字母，婚后必将受其苦。
3. Nor,if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect,is management to be blamed for discriminating against the odd balls among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well with the team.
要点 否定词nor放在句首时，主谓倒装。is放到了主语management前。同时，if引导的条件状语从句置于nor与句子的.其他成分之间，造成了句子的割裂状态。条件状语从句中as desirable…… as the writing……可视为同级比较结构。句中who引导的定语从句修饰先行词thinkers，可采用合译的方法翻译。be blamed for为固定短语，意为“因…而受指责”。in favor of ……在句中做状语。
译文 假如像学术论文反映的那样，科学家们期望看到与某种标准模式符合的规律性和一致性。那么，如果管理者们歧视研究者中的“怪杰”，而喜欢善于合作的较常规思维的人，这也是无可指责的。
4. I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress,that abandoning the doctrine of juggling your life,and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.
要点 本句中as perhaps Kelsey will……引导的方式状语从句放到了主句的谓语动词discovered与that引导的宾语从句之间，从而造成动宾之间的分割。as引导的从句中省略了谓语动词discover,是为了避免重复。宾语从句中主语为abandoning……and making……并列的动名词短语；谓语为bring sth with sth结构，只是因宾语过长，而把with短语提前了。
译文 我发觉，放弃那种“日夜操劳的生活”信念而选择“放慢生活的节奏”会带来比金钱和社会地位更大的回报。凯尔西在长期经受巨大压力后，从惹人注目的《女性》杂志编辑部退出之后，恐怕她也将与我有同样的感觉。
5. Such an outcome,if it happens,could cause a political controversy;or it could lead to more power being transferred to the EU in the worst possible circumstances,namely when the Union is deeply unpopular.
要点 这是个复合句。条件从句因为太短，置于主句的主谓之间，造成句子割裂，翻译时应将从句提到句首。namely when the……unpopular是一个状语从句，用来解释the worst possible circumstances.the EU:the European Union,欧盟。
译文 这种结果一旦产生，就可能引起政治上的争吵；在最糟糕的情况下，即在欧盟很不得人心的时候，也可能使更多的权利落到欧盟手中。
6. That fact,let alone the current division between the 11 euro countries and the four,led by Britain,that have not joined,is likely to mean that the Union should become a multi-system entity,with some countries signing up to everything and others choosing only some things.
要点 句子的主干结构是That fact…… is likely to mean that……。with some countries signing up to everything and others choosing only some things是“with +复合结构”形式，表示伴随状态。短语let alone……not joined置于主谓之间，造成句子割裂，翻译时应将其还原，放在最后。分词短语led by Britain和定语从句that have not joined都修饰the four.euro：欧元。multi-：前缀，表示“多…的”，如mutilateral，多边的：multiple，多个的。
译文 这一事实可能意味着欧盟将成为一个多体系的实体，其中一些国家对每一件事都表示赞同，而另一些则不尽然；更不用说以英国为首的尚未加入欧洲统一货币体系的四国和已经 加入这一体系的十一个欧元国家之间目前已存在的分歧了。
7. This trend began during the Second World War,when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
要点 该句的主干结构是This trend began during the Second World War,when……。when引导定语从句，修饰the Second World War.that the specific……detail是conclusion的同位语从句，在该从句中，主语是 the specific demands of its scientific establishment,that a government wants to make是 demands的定语从句。该定语从句放在其先行词 demands和of介词短语之间，造成句子的割裂。翻译时，可把被割裂的部分还原。
译文 这
篇2：考研英语英译汉难句分类辨析之分割结构
分割结构是英语表达中经常出现的一种句法，其作用是保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻或为了语义严密，结构紧凑，将语法关系密切的两个句子成分(如主语和谓语)用其他句子成分分隔开来。英语的分隔必须遵循两点：①尾重原则，即把长而复杂的成分放在句末；②句尾信息焦点原则，即把新信息、语义重点放在句尾。
例1In the Middle Ages widespread use was made of arguments from analogy, o
n the belief that the universe formed an ordered structure that the macrocosmic pattern of the whole is reproduced in the microcosmic pattern of parts so that it ispossible to draw inferences by analogy from one to the other.
分析：虽然这个句子比较长，但我们首先要挑出此句的主、谓、宾。这句话的谓语非常短，只有两个词：was made。of arguments from analogy是use的定语。正因为谓语短，定语长，为了句子的平衡，was made便插在use和它的定语之间，形成分隔结构。on the belief:other是介词短语，作状语。belief后面有两个以that引导的同位语从句：that the universe:structure和that the microcosmic:of parts。so that引导的是一个状语从句，表结果。从结构来讲，该句可按原文顺序翻译。分隔部分可以不管，只要把use转换成动词，把被动的was made转译成主动，即译成汉语的无主语句。
译文：在中世纪，广泛采用类推法的各种论点，这些论点基于下述观念，即宇宙形成一个有次序的结构，整体的宏观格局是部分微观格局的再现，因此，有可能通过类推法作出由此及彼的推断。
例2And numerous experiments have shown once the concept of self is changed, other things consistent with the new concept of self are accomplished easily and without strain.
分析：动词shown后面是一个主从复合句。连词once引导的是宾语从句中的状语从句。宾语从句的主句是other things…strain。consistent…of self是形容词短语作定语，修饰other things,它使宾语从句的主语和系动词分隔开。without strain是介词短语作状语，意为“毫不费力地”，翻译时要根据汉语习惯将隔开的部分还原出来。
译文：而且大量事实证明，自我感观一旦改变，其他一些与新的自我感观相一致的事情就可以轻而易举且毫不费力地完成。
篇3：考研英语阅读难句分析之省略句
考研英语阅读难句分析之省略句
英国大文豪莎士比亚在他的名著《哈姆雷特》里写过这么一句名言：Brevity is the soul of wit.（言以简洁为贵。）写文章也好，说话也好，都要求生动活泼，简单明了，因此，“简洁”乃是一篇好文章的基本要求之一。文章要做到简洁，省略法（Ellipsis）是必用的。
英语句子中的某些成分因上下文已提供了充分明确的信息而不必出现，或前面已出现的某些成分，为了避免不必要的重复，可以不再出现而不致引起误解或歧义，这种语言现象就叫作省略。例如：Glad to see you. 这是个简单句，主语I和谓语am可以省略。再如：London is on the Themes,and Paris on the Seine. 这是一个并列复合句，后半句省略了谓语动词is，因为前面已经出现过，后面不必重复。英译汉时，为了使译文明确达意，符合汉语习惯，要在正确理解原文的基础上，对原文中省略的部分或保留或补全，或对其进行灵活处理。
有人将英语句子中的省略现象归纳为21种，本章只涉及在英语阅读中常遇到的比较复杂的省略现象。
1. The tranion needs a certain amount of editing,as even if the computer can tell the difference between words of similar sounds such as write and right,it is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary.
第一层：The tranion 主 needs 谓 a certain amount of 定 editing,宾 as even if the computer can tell the difference between words of similar 状语从句
sounds such as write and right， it is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary.
第二层：（状语从句）as 引 even if the computer can tell the difference between words of similar sounds such as write and right,状语从句1 it 主 is 系 still not yet 状 able 表 to do the work 宾 as well as an inte- lligent secretary . 状语从句2
第三层：（状语从句1）even if 引 the computer 主 can tell 谓 the difference 宾 between words of similar sounds 定 such as write and right 同位语
（状语从句2）as well as 引 an intelligent secretary 主
要点 本句中as引导原因状语从句，其中该句还带有一个由even if引导的让步状语从句；介词短语between words of similar sounds修饰difference，such as write and right修饰words，as well as……为同等比较状语从句，其中省略了与主句相同的部分。intelligent：有才智的；理解力强的。
译文 译稿需要一定量的编辑工作，因为，即使计算机能够区别同音异义词，如 write和right，它仍不可能把这项工作做得像有思维能力的秘书那样好。
2. If a needle is thrown at random on a sheet of paper ruled with lines whose distance apart is exactly equal to the length of the needle,how often can it be expected to fall on a line and how often into a blank space？
第一层：If a needle is thrown at random on a sheet of paper ruled with lines whose distance apart is exactly equal to the len- 状语从句 gth of the needle,how often 状 can 谓 it 主 be expected 谓 to fall on a line 宾 and 连 how often 状 into a blank space？状
第二层：（状语从句）If 引 a needle 主 is 系 thrown 表 at random 状 on a sheet of paper 状 ruled with lines 定 whose distance apart is exactly equal to the length of the needle 定语从句
第三层：（定语从句）whose 引 distance apart 主 is 系 exactly 状 equal 表 to the length of the needle 宾
要点 这是复合句。在if引导的状语从句中，ruled with lines 是过去分词，作paper 的定语，whose……needle 是 lines 的定语从句，whose distance apart 的意思是“它们之间的间隔”。主句中and 后面是个省略句，省去了 can it be expected to fall.翻译时可将英文的被动语态译成汉语的主动语态。length：长度。rule paper with lines：在纸上划平行线。
译文 如果把一根针随机地投到一张纸上，纸上画了许多平行线，它们之间的间隔等于针的长度，那么针落在线上的几率是多少？落在空白处的几率又是多少？
3. All that a man has to say or do that can possibly concern mankind,is in some shape or other to tell the story of his love - to sing,and if he is fortunate and keeps alive,he will be forever in love.
要点 本句是由and连接在一起的并列句。前一个分句的主干是All……is……to tell the story…… - to sing. all后面有两个that引导的定语从句，第一个that从句修饰all，第二个that指代其前的that从句，翻译时可表条件。to sing放在破折号之后，用以加强语气，其后可视为省略了宾语the story of his love,to tell和to sing是并列关系。
译文 一个人应该说的或做的，只要关系到人类，那么都是以这样或那样的形式来讲述乃至讴歌自己的爱的故事；而且，如果他是幸运的、有活力的，他将永远是充满爱的。
4. As families move away from their stable community,their friends of many years,their extended family relationships,the informal flow of information is cut off,and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.
要点 本句位并列句，前一个分句带一个As引导的状语从句，状语从句中 move away from 后为并列平行结构their ……，their……，their…… 在and后的分句中， the confidence 省略了is cut off，it指的是信息被切断的情况。
译文 随着家庭成员与他们稳定的社区、多年的老友和大家庭的.亲属关系相分离，非正式的信息渠道被切断了，而那种在需要时就能得到真实可靠信息的信心也丢失了。
5. And by the help of further reasoning,which if drawn out would have been exhibited in two or three other syllogism,you arrive at your final determination,I will not have that apple.
要点 这是复合句。主句是you arrive at your final determination.by the help of …… 是介词短语作状语，which引导的定语从句修饰reasoning.if drawn out 是省略句，用作表示条件的状语从句，完整的句子是if the reasoning can be drawn out.翻译时采用顺序法，定语从句采用分句法。syllogism：三段论；演绎推理。
译文 借助于进一步的推理，这种推理如果加以引申，还可表现为其他两三种演绎推理，你便会做出最终决定：“我不吃那个苹果了。”
6. It is quite unnerving not to be able to see or to establish contact with the other person,even though we have learnt to have conversations with people we cannot see,as on the telephone.
要点 这是复合句。主句中 it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语not to be able to see or to establish contact with the other person.在状语从句中as是连词，意思是“正如…一样”，as 后面省去了we have conversations.翻译时采用逆序法，把even though引导的让步状语从句放到句首。unnerving：使人不知所措；使人失去自信。
译文 即使我们适应了像打一样在互相看不见的情况下谈话，这种看不见或接触不到对方的谈话也会使人感到很不自在。
7. Actually we know of no type of astronomical body in which the conditions can be favorable to life except planets like our own revolving round a sun.
要点 这是复合句。in which引导定语从句，修饰astronomical body.介词except引起的短语作状语。在介词短语like our own后面省略了planet.revolving为现在分词短语作定语，修饰our own planet.翻译时根据汉语习惯，将状语提前译出。
译文 事实上，除了像地球这样围绕太阳旋转的行星以外，我们不知道是否在其他类型的天体上也有适合生命存在的条件。
8. The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers.
要点 这是主从复合句。其主句的谓语动词是had less to do with…… than……，意为“主要与…有关，而不是与…有关”，因为句子结构比较清晰，省略了句子的并列部分，如在had less to do with the mechanization of housework and （with）an increase in leisure time省略了with；在……than it did with their own economic necessity and （ it did ）with high marriage rates省略了it did.句中that引导的定语从句修饰high marriage rates.翻译时采用融合法，把重要的部分放在句首。
译文 20世纪已婚女性走出家门参加工作人数的增加主要是因为她们自己的经济需要，还与高结婚率使可参加工作的单身女工人数减少有关，而与家务机械化、妇女空闲时间增多关系不大。
9. The European Union is an imperfect creature,with some of its actions based on fine pri
篇4：考研英语复习：长难句分割结构全解
考研英语复习：长难句分割结构全解
插入语是英语的常见现象。插入语的特点和功能可以概括为：在形式上，与句子其它部分由逗号、括号或破折号隔开；在结构上可有可无，不影响句子的整体结构；在意义上，对句子表达起到及时补充的作用。插入结构一般用逗号与句子其他部分隔开，往往位于主谓之间、并列结构之间或是主从句之间。由于插入语在结构上可有可无，所以要先理解插入语两端的内容，再理解插入语。因此，对于插入语，我们的处理方法是：“先读两端，再读中间”。 翻译成汉语时，有些插入语，可保持原文中的顺序。然而，在许多情况下，需要对英语原文句子的顺序进行必要的调整，使译文符合汉语习惯。
【真题例句1】
Britain almostmore than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem ofbuilding upwards， that is to say， of accommodating a considerableproportion of its population in high blocks of flats.
【解析】
全句共有2个谓语动词：mustface和is，其中主句谓语动词为mustface.主干为：Britain … must face the problem …；almost more than any other country in the world作为Britain的后置定语。两个of介词短语都修饰the problem.that is tosay是插入语，意为“也就是说”，将两个并列的of介词短语分隔开来。本句是一个简单句。 【参考译文】 英国几乎比世界上任何国家都更加需要严肃对待向高空建筑房屋的问题，也就是说，要在很高的公寓楼里面容纳下人口总数的一大部分的问题。 然而在考研翻译中还会出现成分分割的情况，即：语法关系密切的`两个句子成分被其他句子成分分隔的现象称为成分隔离现象。因为英语的分割应遵循尾重原则（应把长而复杂的成分放在句末，使结构匀称）和句尾信息焦点原则（把新信息，即语意重点放在句末）。常见的成分隔离有：动词和宾语被分隔，名词和同位语被分隔，名词和定语被分隔等等。
【真题例句2】
On the otherhand， he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some ofhis critics that while he was a good observer， he had no power ofreasoning.
【解析】
本句是主从复合句。句子主干：he did not accept as well founded thecharge，其正常语序是：he did not accept the charge as wellfounded，宾语the charge放在宾语补足语aswell founded后面是因为，the charge后面有两个修饰成分，一个是过去分词结构made by sb.，一个是同位语从句that……，使得宾语较长，为保持句子平衡而后置。同位语从句中嵌套了while引导的状语从句。
【参考译文】
另一方面，某些人批评他虽然善于观察，却不具备推理能力，而他认为这种说法也是缺乏依据的。
【真题例句3】
The secondaspect is the application by all members of society， from the governmentofficial to the ordinary citizen， of the special methods of thought andaction that scientists use in the work.
【解析】
这是一个很典型的成分隔离。主干结构是：The second aspect is the application … ofthe special methods of thought and action，application和修饰它的介词短语被一个长长的by短语隔离。
【参考译文】
第二个方面是，社会上的一切成员，从政府部门中任工职的官员到普通公民，都应运用科学家们在研究工作中所采用的专门的思维方法和工作方法。
篇5：英语长难句结构分析
英语长难句结构分析
分页：[1] 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16长难句结构分析最新经典一百句1--20
1. the american economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
[参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2. thus, in the american economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
[参考译文] 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
3. if, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.
[参考译文] 另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的'消 费者购买产品。
4. in the american economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
[参考译文] 在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位) 自由签定合同的权利。
5. at the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. and they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.
[参考译文] 同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。
6. numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
[参考译文] 不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的服务。
7. exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age for these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.
[参考译文] 残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人后的潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些不同。
分页：[1] 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16篇6：专家解析考研英语分割结构
专家解析考研英语分割结构
分割结构是英语表达中经常出现的一种句法，其作用是保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻或为了语义严密，结构紧凑，将语法关系密切的`两个句子成分(如主语和谓语)用其他句子成分分隔开来。英语的分隔必须遵循两点：①尾重原则，即把长而复杂的成分放在句末；②句尾信息焦点原则，即把新信息、语义重点放在句尾。例1 In the Middle Ages widespread use was made of arguments from analogy, on the belief that the universe formed an ordered structure that the macrocosmic pattern of the whole is reproduced in the microcosmic pattern of parts so that it is possible to draw inferences by analogy from one to the other。
例2 And numerous experiments have shown once the concept of self is changed, other things consistent with the new concept of self are accomplished easily and without strain。
中国大学网篇7：考研英语长难句分析
2018考研英语长难句分析
如何分析好长难句?建议要把握好省略情况，找准主干和谓语，注意拆分句子，简化翻译，下面我们具体来看看如何操作，
1. 长难句中的省略情况
长难句中会存在各种各样的省略，但是很多同学们对省略的部分并不了解，因而也因影响了对整个句子甚至文章的解读。
2. 找出谓语，寻得主干
对于长难句的分析来说，首先要找到就是句子中的谓语，句子中存在几个谓语，就存在几个分句，其中无需引导词引导的为主句，需要引导词的为从句。在每一个句子中，谓语动词之前的成分为主语，之后的为宾语。分析长难句时，第一步先找到主句的主体部分(即主语、谓语和宾语)，再确定从句的主体部分，如果从句中还有从句，再确定下面一层从句的主、谓、宾，
资料
阅读时一层一层进行，先把同一层次的内容看完，再看下一层次的内容。
3. 拆分句子结构，层层简化
Althoughwarnings are often appropriate and necessary——thedangers of drug interaction， for example—— and many arerequired by state and government， it isn't clear that they actually protect themanufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.
一眼扫视之后，发现这个句子挺长的，而且有两个破折号。两个破折号，或是两个逗号之间的内容往往是插入语的成分。这种成分的特点就是拎出来之后不影响句子的结构，并且在考研阅读文章中，这样的成分又往往不是文中的重点信息，所以应该直接跳过对其采取不予理睬的策略。通过简化，句子结构及会变得清晰，理解起来也更加容易。
篇8：考研英语阅读 长难句结构拆分技巧
考研英语阅读 长难句结构拆分技巧
一、从状语等修饰语的角度出题
考研英语阅读的文章句子一般较长，出题人往往只从句子当中的某一个成分处设题，特别是定语成分和状语成分。例如：
Still， Jefferson freed Hemings‘s children ― though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington， who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black solders during the Revolutionary War， overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier， such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.
40. Washington‘s decision to free slaves originated from his
[A] moral considerations.
[B] military experience.
[C] financial conditions.
[D] political stand.
【解析】题干问的是华盛顿给奴隶自由的决定是源于什么，也就是问原因，显然我们需要找原因状语的分。文中最后一段的“Washington， who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black solders during the Revolutionary War， overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.”明确指出是因为：after observing the bravery of the black solders during the Revolutionary War，华盛顿才做了这个决定，所以答案选[B]“军事经历”。
二、对原句进行同义词替换
对原文句子中个别词汇进行同义词替换，从而制造出同义答案，这是考研阅读选项设置的常见手法。大家需要在做题的过程中不断积累同意替换词。
Genetically speaking， there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth， larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover， even though humans have been upright for millions of years， our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism，” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.
33. On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree？
[A] Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.
[B] Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.
[C] Americans are the tallest on average in the world.
[D] Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.
【解析】这个题目需要对选项进行排除。文中第三句说：even though humans have been upright for millions of years， our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. 尽管人类已经直立行走了很多年，我们的脚和背都在承受的直立行走的压力，不能够承受大型的肢体所带来的持续压力。由此可以推断出，人类身高收到直立行走的限制，选项[B]中conditioned是对原文struggle with的同义转述。
三、对转折或否定进行正反替换
原文中用否定方式表达的内容，选项中可能用肯定的方式把同样的意思表述出来。同样，原文中用肯定方式所表达的.内容，命题者在设定选项时可能用否定的方式来进行同义转述（如双重否定句，或者一个否定形式加上另一个否定词如never， none等）。
How things have changed！ In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride.
54. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the.
[A] turning of the business cycle
[B] restructuring of industry
[C] improved business management
[D] success in education
【解析】答案出处显然定位在第二句，“没有几个美国人将此仅仅归因于美元贬值或商业周期变化这样显而易见的原因”。关键在“显而易见”，说明“美元贬值或商业周期变化”是作者认同的原因。原文用表示否定的词“few”进行表述，而选项则用了肯定方式表达了同一意思。
阅读文章分析，是做好阅读的基础，必须做到精细到位！而研究选项设置则是我们提高阅读应试技巧的必要手段，所以请大家务必在学习的过程中多关注选项的设置方法，积累同义替换词。大家可以从早年阅读真题开始做起，慢慢积累学习经验。考研，“贵在坚持”，你我共勉之！
篇9：考研英语 突破长难句比较结构
2015考研英语 突破长难句比较结构
比较结构是考研翻译中非常重要的考点之一，比较结构包括以下两种类型：①当要表达的事物之间在某一方面一样时，可用 as…as…（后接形容词或副词，as much / many…as…（后接名词或动词）结构，no less……than （=not any less……than……）……，no more……than （=not any more……than……）……。②表达事物之间差别的结构可采用 more （…than） 或 less （…than），后可接形容词、副词、动词或名词。但要注意的是 more…than 还可译作“与其说……，不如说……” 实际上，英语的比较结构比较复杂，翻译时应注意英汉两种语言在表达上的差异。处理时应先识别比较结构，然后判断比较对象。
【真题例句1】
There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.
【解析】
这是一个典型的than引导的比较结构。如若按照字面来译：“有更多的一致意见在这个词所指的不同表现方面，较少的一致意见对这些表现如何解释或分类”，译文显得生硬，我们需要转译。
【参考译文】
：译文1：对（智力）这个词所指的不同表现人们意见比较一致，而对这些表现如何解释或分类则有不同看法。
译文2：人们对（智力）所指的不同表现，比对这些表现如何进行解释或分类，看法更为一致。
【真题例句2】
For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80‘s， downshifting in the mid-90s is not so much a search for he mythical good life―growing your own organic vegetables， and risking turning into one―as a personal recognition of your limitations.结构分析：
【解析】
这句话的平行结构是两个名词短语：a search for he mythical good life―growing your own organic vegetables， and risking turning into one和a personal recognition of your limitations. 本句主干由not so much…as…固定搭配连接构成的一个长句，其准确的翻译应为“与其……不如……”，而这种翻译成中文之后通常让人产生理解上的障碍。这种搭配出现在客观试题的阅读文章中，通常可以直接把它理解成“不是……而是……”。
【参考译文】
对于我们这一代曾在整个80年代为生活奔波的`女性来说， 90年代中期过着放慢生活节奏的生活，与其说是追求神话般的美好生活――自已种有机蔬菜，冒着变得毫无生机的危险――倒不如说我们都认识到了自己的局限。
【真题例句3】
The ideal listener stays both inside and outside the music at the moment it is played and enjoys it almost as much as the composer does at the moment he composes.
【解析】
The ideal listener…… enjoys it almost as much as the composer at the moment he composes 中does 代替enjoys，表示对音乐的“欣赏”。这里as much as 同样表示同等程度。
【参考译文】
一个真正懂得音乐的听众，应该是在听音乐时既置身于音乐其中，又可游离于音乐之外，他对音乐的欣赏程度，几乎等同于作曲家本人在创作该曲时的欣赏程度。
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