下面就是小编整理的让英语书面表达成为学生的乐事 (译林牛津版英语)，本文共6篇，希望大家喜欢。
篇1：让英语书面表达成为学生的乐事 (译林牛津版英语)
【摘要】：古人云：“知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐知者。” 英语教师要在新教学理念的指引下，以学生为主体，最大限度地调动学生学习英语的兴趣，生成英语思维，给予学生合理有效的作文指导，改变学生不想写书面表达的局面，变“要我写”为“我要写”，转“我要写”为“我乐写”的英语写作心态。
【关键词】： 英语思维; 英语写作实践; 我乐写
英语书面表达一直是教学的重点和难点。它是英语语言的一种综合性表达方式，充分体现了学生的英语语言表达能力和英语思维呈现能力。在历年来的英语教学实践中，我深刻感受到,大部分学生认为英语作文太难写，没有英语思维，即没有语感，绞尽脑汁也很难写出几句准确、无误的英文句子，以至于对作文失去了信心，不乐于写作。古人云：“知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐知者。”如何提高学生的英语书面表达能力，让学生乐于英语写作，值得每一位英语教师去研究、探索和实践。
下面是结合我多年的英语教学实践，和大家共享自己的几点体会和具体做法。
一、 夯实基本功，铸就英语思维－让学生有‘话’可写
英语写作能力并非是一蹴而就的，它必须由浅入深，由简到繁，由易到难，循序渐进，一环紧扣一环地进行训练。教师应注重英语“听、说、读、写”四大技能的训练，严格要求学生正确、端正、熟练地书写字母，单词和句子，注意大小写和标点符号。多进行组词造句，连词造句，翻译句子，诵读短文的基础词汇训练，为学生的英语书面表达打好扎实的根基。
1、 以竞赛的方式让“单词和短语”成为学生的“战利品”。
单词是构成英语语言最基本的单位，是进行一切英语活动的根本，而单词到句子还有一段很长的距离，这中间的距离需用词组和短语来过渡。
为迎合学生的口味，让学生乐此不疲地去记忆重点单词和短语，教师可根据学生好胜的心理特征，积极开展单词拼写比赛和短语应用接龙，如：share a bedroom with my sister,学生需灵活地应用share…with …来组成新的短语，一个接一个地说，不许有重复。最后参照学生努力赢得的“战利品”，恰到好处地给予鼓励和表扬，每月给表现非常突出的学生颁发“非凡记忆”奖。
2、 让学生爱上英语阅读，浸润英语思维。
《英语课程标准》总目标中提出了：“具有独立阅读能力，注重情感体验，有丰富的积累，形成良好的语感”。也就是说英语思维的生成来源于大量的阅读。
布鲁纳说得好：“最好的学习动机莫过于学生对所学材料本身具有内在的兴趣”。为了让学生爱上英语阅读，教师要用心备好每一节课，努力挖掘英语素材中的趣味性因素，为学生创设各种愉快的情境，处处引起学生的兴趣，使学生迫不及待地想了解素材、熟悉素材、掌握素材、应用素材，潜移默化地吸引学生爱上英语阅读。素材即是《牛津初中英语》每个单元所包含的comic strip dialogue, the articles of reading ,vocabulary, grammar, integrated skills with speak up, main task 。其中趣味性“对话＂可引导学生表演，阅读和主要话题任务中作文范例最好在训练学生熟读的基础上开展背诵或复述比赛。期待着丰富的英语阅读能够‘结出’英语思维之‘果’，教师首先要积极调动学生表演、背诵、复述、讨论教材中的对话或文章；其次，为学生提供大量的句子翻译练习和话题简述训练。
“为有源头活水来”。英语教学中的“听、说、读、写”基本功的操练，就是英语写作的源泉。学生只有在大容量的“听、说、读、写”英语学习实践中，才能构建属于自己的英语词汇“金字塔”。用时可从“金字塔”中随机抽取适宜的英语词汇和句子，生成英语思维式的书面表达，真正地让学生具备了有“话”可写的优势。
二、 给予写作方法 指导作文实践－让学生明白“怎样写”
1、培养学生良好的英语写作习惯。
英语书面表达要实现文笔优美、要点清晰、没有语法和时态的错误，首要的是学生需积累扎实、丰富的英语词汇“金字塔”，其次是必须掌握一定的写作技巧，养成良好的写作习惯。
中学阶段的英语写作技巧如下：
⑴ 认真审题，体例得当，要点齐全。
认真审题需从三方面入手：审文体（弄清何种体裁的文章），审要求（内容、要求、时间、环境），审人称和时态。
⑵ 巧用英语书面表达顺序。
一般来说，书面表达的顺序是：写提纲－打草稿－连句成文。文章写完之后，对照提示和要求，仔细核对，确保要点没有被遗漏。
⑶ 表达准确，条理清楚。
平时注重句型、习惯用语的积累，掌握一定的单词和重点短语。力求正确使用词语，恰当应用地道的英语句型和自己熟悉而且又有把握的句子，避免写出中式的英语句子。例如‘I very thank you ’，准确的英语思维句子应是： ‘Thank you very much ’。
⑷ 词数适中，认真规范书写，一气呵成。
⑸ 通读全文，检查单词、标点符号、人称、时态和句子。
2、“生米煮成熟饭”－英语写作实践。
初中阶段的书面表达主要通过写小故事、看图写话、写日记、书信等，来培养学生的英语综合运用的能力。教师最好为学生提供不同体裁的英语书面表达专题训练，从而让学生掌握英语写作技巧。训练写作时最好当场发题，限时交卷，促使学生瞬间接受信息，快速理解信息，通过表达信息，提高学生的英语书面表达应试能力。然后组织学生之间交换作文，互批、互改、互“品”，鼓励学生用“放大镜”去寻找同伴作文中的精彩之处或可取之处，并把它们写下来。最后，组织学生相互交流、讨论、汇总每个人的精彩语句，教师给予恰当的指导，一篇融合了全班同学的智慧“米粒”，就顺理成章的煮成了香喷喷的“米饭”啦。同学们欣赏着一篇篇饱含自己一份辛劳的英语作文，成功的喜悦之情溢于言表、真所谓“乐学之下无负担”。
经过反复地、大量地英语写作实践，学生们逐渐享受到了英语写作的快乐，潜移默化地改变了学生“要我写”为“我要写”的积极表达状态。
三、 教师赏析学生“作品”－让学生乐于写作
教师对作文的讲评是作文教学中尤为重要的一环。在‘赏析’学生的书面表达时，教师要注重两点：一是对学生的作文进行必要的修饰、讲评，肯定他们在书面表达中所呈现的优点和成功的地方，指出他们作文中的不足与失误；二是善于用激情洋溢的评语称赞对方，让学生永葆高昂的写作热情和快乐、自信的写作心境。
教育家陶行知说：“学习有了兴趣，学生就肯用全副精神去做事，学与乐不可分。”我相信英语教师只要在新教学理念的指引下，以学生为主体，最大限度地调动学生学习英语的兴趣，给予学生合理有效的作文指导，包容他们犯错，放大每一个个体的“闪光点”，一定会改变学生不愿意写作文的局面，变“要我写”为“我要写”，转“我要写”为“我乐写”即让英语书面表达成为学生的乐事。
参考文献：[1]全日制义务教育英语课程标准解读 ，2002．5
[2]学习的快乐－走向对话，（日本）佐藤学 著；钟启泉译，2004．1
[3]中小学英语教学与研究 第8期
[4]零距离施教-名师和谐师生关系的构建艺术 贺斌 主编 西南师范大学出版，.9
[5]激发学习动机 （美国）布罗菲著，陆怡如译，华东师范大学出版 .4
篇2：译林牛津版英语中考复习训练
一、单选题：
1. － Help yourself to.－ Thanks. Mmm... it tastes good. A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chickenD. any chicken2. Twelve were hurt, but no were lost in that accident. A. person; life B. people; lives C. peoples; lives D. persons; life3. － Why couldn't you get to Hong Kong that night? － Because 10: 30 all the trains had left the station. A. of B. at C. by D. until4. － I'm looking forward taking a holiday in Hainan. － So am I. It's great to be holiday there. A. for; on B. to; at C. to; on D. for; at5.Mum had asked Mike to close the windows before he went out,
Mike forgot to do so. A. Though; B. Though; butC. Till;不填 D. Until; then 6.－I have three English dictionaries.
－I have nine. I have three times you. A. as much asB. as many as C. as little asD. less than7. Suddenly Edward came in and said he had to tell the class. A.anything important B. important everything C. something important D. important something8.－ Why is easy for such a young girl to learn three foreign languages so well? － Because Britain, Germany and France are all very near______country. A. it; his B. that; hisC. she; her D. it; her9.－ What did the scientist say? － He said he wondered if into space by spaceship one day. A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly10. － Here's somebody at the door. Who it be? Is it the postman? － No. It be him. It's just seven o'clock. It's too early. A. may; can't B. will; won't C. may; mustn't D. must; may not
No one knows how the huge rocks and ___ without our modern machines eight hundred years ago. A. are cut; moved B. were cut; move
C. are cut; moving D. were cut; moved12. The man who lived alone on that island thought henever_______. A. will; find B. would; be found C. is; found D. had; been found13. The old people lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week. A. don't feelB. hasn't feltC. haven't feltD. didn't feel14. － Where were you in July last year? － This time last year my family and I my grandparents in New York. A. was visitingB. visited C. had visitedD. were visiting15.－ When Mr Harris the town for Sydney?
－ I think it last December. A. did; leave; was B. did; leave; is C. has; left; was D. does; leave; is16. You'd better when your mouth is full of food. A. don't speak B. not to speakC. not speakD. not speaking17. Look at the sign on the wall! Stop photo graphs, please. A. to take B. taking C. take D. not taking
18.How long have you this book?
A. boughtB. borrowed C. hadD. Lent
19. This match made them at last. A. happily B. quickly C. slowly D . friendly
20. There are so many buildings on side of the mad.
A. all B. eitherC. both D.every
21. The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than in Harbin. A. that B. it C. this D. One
22.－ What day is it?－ .
A. It's a fine day B. It's Tuesday C. It's June 26th D. It's wet
23.－ Pass me the paper, please. － . A. Here you are B. Hare it is C. Give it to me D. Here is it
24.I'm still hungry. Could I have two pieces of bread, please? A. much B. manyC. more D. most
25.It's very cold today. You'd better put your coat when you go out. A. away B. down C. on D. up
26.－I'm sorry I my homework at home. － That's all right. Don't forget it to school this afternoon. A. forget ...to take B. forget... to bring
C. left...to take D. left... to bring
27.Where are the students? Are they in ? A. the Room 406 B. Room 406C. the 406 RoomD. 406 Room
28.－ I hear your father to Japan once. － Yes. He there last year. A. went... has been B. has been ...went
C. goes... wentD. has been... has been
29.The flowers start to in spring. A. come in B. come out C. come from D. come to
30.Look! beautiful that lake is!
A. What B. How C. How aD. What a
Keys: 1-5 CBCCA 6-10 BCDBA
11-15 DBCDA 16-20 CBCDB
21-25 ABACC 26-30 DBBBB
二、完形填空:
Last Friday, after doing all the family shopping in the town. I wanted to have a rest before catching the rain. I __1__ a newspaper and some chocolate and __2__ into the station coffee shop. It was a cheap self-service place with long tables to __3__ at. I put my heavy bag down on the floor, __4__ the newspaper and the chocolate on the table and then went to get a cup of coffee.
When I came back with the coffee, There was someone __5__ in the next seat. __6__ was a boy， with dark glasses and old clothes, and __7__ bright red at the front. He had started to eat my chocolate!
Naturally, I was rather uneasy about him, but I didn’t want to have any __8__. I just read the newspaper， tasted my coffee and took a bit of chocolate. The boy looked at me in __9__.Then he took a __10__ piece of my chocolate. I could hardly believe it. Still I didn’t say anything to him. When he took a third piece, I felt more angry than uneasy. I thought, “Well, I shall have the last piece.” And I got it.
The boy gave me a strange look， then __11__ up. As he left, he shouted out, “There’s something __12__ with that woman!” Everyone looked at me, __13__ I didn’t want to quarrel with the boy， so I kept quiet. I did not realize that I had __14__ a mistake until I finished my coffee and was ready to __15__. My face turned red when I saw my unopened chocolate under the newspaper. The chocolate that I had been eating was the boy’s!
1. A. stole B. bought C. sold D. wrote
2. A. went B. satC. seated D. looked
3. A. sitB. seat C. lieD. laugh
4. A. pushed B. took C. put D. pulled
5. A. jumping B. playing C. sitting D. sleeping
6. A. HeB. ItC. Who D. What
7. A. cutB. washed C. covered D. colored
8. A. coffee B. trouble C. chocolate D. matter
9. A. carelessness B. anger C. surprise D. happiness
10. A. first B. second C. very D. last
11. A. stood B. took C. cried D. looked
12. A. strange B. wrong C. OK D. funny
13. A. andB. but C. soD. while
14. A. spelt B. corrected C. made D. found
15. A. finish B. leave C. jump D. shop
答案简析：
1. B.为了消磨时间，“我”买了报纸和巧克力，故选bought.
2. A.由文章推理出，“我”走进了一家咖啡店，故应选went。
3. A. to sit at 是作为tables的后置定语，意为“可以在旁边就坐的桌子” .
4. C.按常理“我”应把报纸等放在桌子上，而不是推到或拉到桌子上故应选 put.
5. C.由下文可知，回来时“我”发现他开始吃“我”的东西，说明他坐在桌旁，故选 sitting.
6. A.由下文可知，对方是一个男子，故用he指代。
7. D.头发应是被染成红色的，故应选colored.
8. B.面对这样一个男子，“我”不想惹麻烦，trouble合乎文意为正确选项。
9. C.由下文可知，“我”吃的是这个男子的巧克力，这引起了对方的某一反应，比较四个选项，再根据上文，用名词surprise比较合乎当时的情形。
10. B.习惯用语“a second + 名词”，常用来表示“再一个，又一个”。
11. A.根据文意可知那个男孩起身要走，故选择stood.
12. B.男孩生气了，必定说了发泄的话，比较四个选项wrong为最佳选择。
13. B.男孩骂了“我”导致大家都朝“我”看，而“我”不想与他争吵，可见“我”的反应与上文描述的气氛恰恰相反，故选择but构成转折关系。
14. C.固定搭配make a mistake意为“犯了个错误”。
15. B.“我” 在喝完咖啡准备离开时发现了自己的过错，故应选leave.
三、阅读理解：
(A)
Christmas Eve means a warm get-together with friends， a candlelight dinner， or perhaps a celebration at a pub（酒馆） for students. But， for Cai Yingjie， the night has a different meaning： helping beggars（乞丐） and the homeless（people without homes）。 Cai， who is a student in journalism at Tsinghua， could be found at Beijing's Wudaokou Light Railway Station that special evening. When she saw an old beggar， she took the cold， rough hands of the woman with her warm， clean hands， and gave the woman some warm bread and helped her put on a pair of new gloves（手套）。 The woman was surprised for a few seconds， then burst into tears， saying “for the first time I feel respected（尊重）”。 Cai said， “A beggar's life is very hard. That's why I want to help them.” Cai was one of 14 Tsinghua students spending Christmas Eve among the poor. They walked in the cold wind along the streets from 4 to 7 pm on Friday， visiting 15 beggars in Beijing's Haidian District. They brought bread and gloves with them， and stopped to greet beggars and offer them some of the warm food. Each beggar greeted them with a look of surprise. “I know the activity can't help much， but it's meant to show our respect and care for beggars and the homeless who have been neglected for so long，” said Sun， head of the group. “And Christmas is a good time for that.”1. What does Christmas Eve mean to the 14 Tsinghua students？ A. Taking 15 beggars to Tsinghua. B. Getting together with friends. C. Showing care to the beggars and the homeless. D. Selling bread and gloves to the beggars.2. What does the beggar mean by saying “for the first time I feel respected”？ A. The beggar has been waiting for Cai for long. B. The beggar hasn't been shown care for so long. C. The beggar has been respecting Cai for a long time. D. This is the first time the beggar has seen Tsinghua students.3. What did each beggar feel when they received greetings？ A. Sad. B. Amazed. C. Frightened. D. Proud.4. The word “neglected” in the last passage means _______. A. protected B. found C. taken care ofD. given no enough care
Keys:
1. 选C.第1段的最后一句…helping beggars（乞丐） and the homeless（people without homes）。 就是他们的决定，即去帮助那些乞丐和无家可归的人，给他们以关爱。答案选C.2. 选B.根据第3段中的 woman所说的话：…for the first time I feel respected（尊重）。 我们可以推断出：乞丐们有太长的时间没人关心了。故答案为B.3. 选B. 在第6段中有这样一句Each beggar greeted them with a look of surprise. 而B选项中Amazed 的同义表达就是surprised，所以答案为B.4. 选D.本文讲述了14个清华学子在平安夜帮助流浪汉和乞丐们的故事。这些流浪汉和乞丐们都感到十分的意外和温暖，我们由此可推断他们应该是长期given no enough care（被忽视的）原因。这样我们就可以排除A、B、C三项，最后正确答案为D.
(B)
What are you going to do if you are in a burning house？ How will you escape？ Do you know how to save yourself？ Please read the following passage. Escaping a fire is a serious matter. Knowing what to do during a fire can save you life. It is important to know the ways you can use and show them to everyone in the family， such as stairways and fire escapes， but not lifts. From the lower floors of the buildings， escaping through windows is possible， learn the best way of leaving by windows with the least chance of serious injury. The second floor window is usually not very high from the ground. An average person， hanging by the finger-tips will have a drop of about six feet to the ground. It is about the height of an average man. Of course， it is safer to jump a short way than to stay in a burning building. Windows are also useful when you are waiting for help. Be sure to keep the door closed. Or smoke and fire may be drawn into the room. Keep your head low at the window to be sure you get fresh air rather than smoke that may leaked（渗） into the room. On a second or third floor， the best windows for escape are those that open onto a roof. From the roof a person can drop to the ground more safely. Dropping onto cement（水泥） might end in injury. Bushes（灌木丛） and grass can help to break a fall.1. It is important to _______. A. put out the fire in the burning house B. know the ways to escape the fire C. jump off a burning house D. keep the door closed2. It is possible to escape through the windows _______. A. if there are some bushes on the ground B. if you are strong enough C. if you live on a lower floor D. If you have a long rope3. Which of the following escaping way is NOT right？ _______. A. You can escape though stairways.
B. You can choose fire escapes. C. Escape from the windows that open onto a roof.
D. Use a lift to come down at once.4. Open the window so that _______ if the building is on fire. A. you can get fresh air B. you can call for help C. you can easily jump off D. you can be seen first5. The best title of the passage is _______. A. Escaping from the Windows B. Save Yourself in the Burning House C. Knowledge on FireD. Waiting for Help
Keys:
1. 选B.从句子It is important to know the ways you can use and show them to everyone in the family，…可知，当房子着火后，最重要的是你要知道the ways to escape the fire（逃生方式），故答案选B.2. 选C.在短文的第2段说到…from the lower floors of building escaping through windows is possible.故选C.3. 选D.在短文中特别强调在大火发生时，人们可以从 stairways 和 fire escapes逃生， but not lifts（但不能从电梯），因为那是相当危险的。4. 选A.在短文的第5段提到了可…keep your head low at the window to be sure you get fresh air…可知。5. 选B.通读全文后，短文的大意很明显，在着火的大楼中自救的方法应是短文的主题，故选B.
篇3：（牛津译林版）初二英语Unit2 School life
Welcome to the unit Reading Vocabulary Grammar
需要掌握的词汇
British dustbin lift fall garbage hall movie soccer mixed together subject myself tasty meal twice softball practice senior hero close article admire geography history language PE science useful unimportant boring useless unpopular least alike notebook timetable
重点与难点
1. mixed adj. 混合的 mixed double 混合双打 mix v.混合
This is a mixed school where boys and girls have lessons together.
Oil can not be mixed with water.= Oil and water can not mix.
Mix the paint with water.
2. together adv. 一起
Millie, together with her mother is coming to see us.
We often go to the park together on Sunday.
3. 反身代词myself yourself himself herself itself yourselves themselves ourselves
Help yourself to some apples.
They enjoyed themselves yesterday.
by oneself= alone
I can do it (by) myself/ alone.
You can’t leave her by herself/alone.
4. as well =too 也
My sister likes playing football as well/, too.
He sent his parent a letter and some money as well/, too.
=He sent his parent a letter as well as some money.
We study English and Chinese as well.
=We study English as well as Chinese.
He as well as his friends is going to spend a holiday at the seaside.
5. tasty adj. = delicious 味道好的 taste v.品尝
The mooncake is tasty.
He tasted the soup and find it tasty.
This kind of food tastes good.
6. twice 两次，两倍once three times many times
He goes fishing twice a month.
This box is twice bigger than that one.
I have been there many times.
7. practise v. 练习
You must practise your English.
practise doing sth.
She practises playing badminton once a week.
practice n. v.(美国英语中=practise)
Practice makes perfect.
She needs more practice in playing the piano.
8. close adj. 亲密的，紧靠的
He is my close friend.
Tim is close to his uncle.
He lives close to me.
9. have a great/ wonderful/ hard/… time doing sth.做某事很开心/困难
They had a great time dancing at the party.
They had a hard time bringing up the four children.
10. admire v.敬佩，羡慕
Who do you admire most in your class?
admire sb. for sth.
I admire you for your handwriting.
admiring adj.
He gave me an admiring look.
11. like/ alike 像，like 通常作介词用，alike 通常作形容词。
Your coat is like mine = Your coat and my coat is alike.
12. the same as/ different from与…相同/不同
Daniel’s tie is the same as John’s.
I have the same bike as he (does).=My bike is the same as his.
You made the same mistake as I did.
School life here is quite different from that in Britain.
He has a different temper from his brother.
13. more/ less/ fewer …than…比…多/少
more是 many或much 的比较级，many或much 的最高级是most.
less 是little的比较级，其最高级为 least
fewer 是few的比较级，其最高级为 fewest
He has more disks than I(do /have).
We study fewer subjects than they (do).
I made less money than he (did).
［典型例题］
选择题
1. ______ most students, he never comes to school late.
A. Like B. As C. For D. To
2. Please do it _____ I told you.
A. like B. as C. according D. for
3. A lot of people tried their best, but ______ people won the price.
A. a few B. few C. little D. a little
4. Why is there ______ traffic on the street in February than in May?
A. less B. fewer C. few D. little
5. Everyone lives _____ now.
A. a happy life B. happy life C. happy lives D. happy living
6. It will be ______ before he gets better.
A. sometimes B. some time C. some times D. sometime
7. This ruler is _____ length as that one.
A. as B. same C. as same D. the same
答案：1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. D
【模拟试题】（答题时间：30分钟）
一、词组翻译
1. 家政
2. 烧健康美味的饭菜
3. 也
4. 花很多时间练习开车
5. 相互交谈
6. 在十六岁时
7. 和……一样
8. 与……不同
二、句型转换
1. Ann didn’t leave here before her mother came back.(同义句转换)
Ann ______ leave here ______ her mother came back.
2. Meimei dances best of all the girls. (同义句转换)
Meimei dances _______ than ______ _____ ______.
3. The old house isn’t there any longer. (同义句转换)
The old house ______ _______ ______ there.
4. I spent a lot of time practising English. (同义句转换)
It _____ _____ ______ time_____ ______ English.
三、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. John is a ______(Britain) student, he comes from London.
2. My mother cooks very ______ (taste) meals.
3. You wear your hair in the 1980s style today. It’s ______(popular).
4. I have _______(little) homework than you.
5. You should listen to your teacher ______(careful) and work ______(hard) than before if you want to get the______ (high) points in your class.
6. If you want to be ______, you should cook ______ food and eat ______(health).
7. Our school has the ______(many) students in our city.
8. We have a great time ______(play) softball after school.
9. There is ______(few) water in my bottle than in yours.
10. They were the ______(hero) of the World War II.
11. There are many _____(different) between the two countries.
12. His money is ______(two) more than I.
四、完成句子
1. 他们一星期见一次面，相互开心地交谈。
They meet ______ _______ ______ , and ______ ______ ______ ______ _____.
2. Kate的毛衣和Helen 的 是一样的。
Kate _____ _____ ______ ______ _____ Helen.
Kate’s ______ ______ ______ ______ _____ Helen’s.
Kate’s ______ _____ _____ Helen’s.
3. 他的答案与你的不同。
His answer is _____ _____ yours.
4. 我们应该用较少的人力与财力把工作做得更好。
We should use ______ people and ______ money to do the work _____.
【试题答案】
一、1. home Economics
2. cook healthy and tasty meals
3. as well
4. spend a lot of time practising driving
5. talk with each other
6. at (the age of) 16
7. (be) the same as…
8. be different from…
二、1. didn’t, until 2. better, any other girl 3. is no longer 4. took me much, to practise
三、1. British 2. tasty 3. unpopular 4. less 5. more carefully , harder, highest 6. healthy , healthy, healthily 7. most 8. playing 9. less 10. heroes 11. differences 12. twice
四、1. once a week, have a great time talking
2. has the same sweater as , sweater is the same as, sweater is like
3. different from
4. fewer , less, better
篇4：浅谈如何提问和阅读理解(译林牛津版英语高一)
提问是阅读教学中使用得最频繁的教法之一。目前语文教学中已形成众多流派,不管哪一派都离不开设计 问题、提出问题、运用问题,开启学生心智,引导学生理解课文。那么究竟应该如何提问呢?本人认为,要研 究阅读教学如何提问,首先要探讨何以要提问。
作为一种教法,提问是师生课堂会话的方式。提问是一种言语行为,属“语用”范畴,提问时使用的问句 属“语形”范畴,而问句中包含的问题属“语义”范畴。
二十世纪科学哲学的一个重要成果,是发现智力活动的起点在发现和提出问题。英国科学家波普尔科学发 现的模式就是:“问题(1 )--假设(猜测)--验证--问题(2)”。因此, 问题也是教师启发学生, 打开思路,开发智力的钥匙。布鲁纳的“发现法”,第一步设卡,即让学生认识上产生矛盾,发现问题;第二 步设法,就是让学生运用已有知识框架或认识结构,在教师点拔下试作解答;第三步验证,如果解答正确,也 即动用旧框架同化了新信息,进一步丰富了已有的框架,如果错了则帮助学生调整或转换旧框架,形成新框架 ;第四步小结,即反馈、总结。认识心理学中的“SQ4R阅读方法”,首先是预习或概观,在此基础上即是“提 问”,然后精读(阅读、思考),最后是复述和复习,以加深记忆;其主要特征就在于提出问题、回答问题, 对教材进行细致、深化的加工。
阅读理解有不同层次。章熊先生分为:(1 )复述性理解(着眼于表层信息,侧重记忆);(2)解释性理 解(通过信息加工, 由表及里、由此及彼,转化为自己的认识);(3 )评价性理解(对文章价值作用评价) ;(4)创造性理解(超越本文,探索新问题,提出新见解)。按章先生的意见,四个层次由低到高排列,而中 学阶段的阅读理解应以一、二两项为本(注:《特级教师--专家学者之选》。)。理解的层次不同,问题的 层面和提问方法也会有所不同。例如,在低年级使用的谈话法适用于复述性理解,提出反常问题,克服学生思 维定势使用于创造性理解。本人认为,狭义的理解应指“解释性理解”,是实现阅读目标的关键,也是阅读智 力活动的核心,想象、欣赏、评价、记忆、创造、应用都以此为基础。
西方解释学是关于文本意义的解释和理解的一种理论与方法或哲学,有助于探讨“解释性理解”的本质。 解释学认为,阅读是读者和本文的对话、交流。伽达默尔说:“使留传下来的本文成为解释的对象,就意味着 它向解释者提出问题,……理解本文也就是理解这个问题”;而“问题的重建变成了我们自己的提问,这种重 建可以把本文意义理解为其回答”,“我们这些努力要求理解的人,必须通过自己让本文讲话”(注:《哲学 译丛》1986年第三期。)。作为接受者总是以提问者身份出现,而作为本文则以对答者身份出现,双方建立起 问答的伙伴关系;而理解就是通过对话、问答而达到“视界融合”的过程。所谓视界是一个从已有知识框架出 发所能理解的可能范围,读者不断从自己已有视界出发,进入本文的视界,形成一个既非自己也非本文的新视 界,具有新的可能性。达到理解的标准就是解释学家所说的“解释学循环”--整体只有通过理解它的部分才 能得到理解,而对部分的理解又只能通过对整体的理解。“解释学循环”有两层意思:
(一)古典解释学认为,作品自身作为整体包括意义、风格、结构等,作品的各部分诸如章节、词句等, 必须放在这个整体中才获得理解与意义;而作品相对于产生它的整个历史文化背景而言,又是这一文化背景的 部分,作品必须放在这一历史文化背景的整体关系中才能得到理解。对这一层次的“解释学循环”,钱钟书先 生表述得最为清楚:“乾嘉‘朴学’教人,必知字之诂,然后识句之意,而后通全篇之义,进而窥全书之指。 虽然,是特一边耳,亦祗初桄耳。复须解全篇之义乃至全书之指(“志”),庶得以定某句之意(“词”), 解全句之意,庶得以定某字之诂(“文”),或并须晓会作者立言之宗尚,当时流行之文风,以及修词异宜之 着述体裁,方概知全篇或全书之指归。积小以明大,而又举大以贯小,推末以至本,而又探本以穷末;交互往 复,庶几乎义解圆足而免于偏枯,所谓‘阐释之循环’者是矣。”(注:钱锺书《管锥篇》第一册,中华书局 出版。)
(二)当代解释学认为,更重要的是解释者的前理解(已有知识框架)形成的视野(整体)与作品(部分 )的关系。读者已有的知识框架是向本文敞开的倾向性,在已有框架引导下进行理解活动,同时也在理解活动 中受到检验、调整、修正,使本文的意义显现出来,因此理解决不是消极地复制本文,而是一种“生产性”、 “构成性”的努力。伽达默尔认为,理解永远是由整体(读者的前理解)运动到部分(作品),又回到整体( 读者所达到的新的理解)的理解。而所有部分与整体的和谐状态便是正确理解的标准。
根据当代认知科学研究成果,阅读理解同时存在两种信息加工方式:资料驱策加工和概念驱策加工(注: J.R.安德森《认知心理学》,吉林教育出版社出版。)。“资料驱策加工”是对来自本文的信息加工,本文从 低到高有如下分析平面:语音平面、书写平面、词汇语义平面、句法平面、语篇平面和语篇所指平面。对本文 各平面从高到低,从低到高的加工相当于“解释学循环”的第一层意思。可是读者的心智并不是一张“白纸” ,本文仅仅是信息的一个来源,其它信息还来源于读者头脑中已有的知识,一个人对有关本文的知识越多,理 解效果越好,就能以最短时间、最少努力,有选择地使用最有成效的线索探索文章语义和句法制约关系,从本 文中构造出意义,这种加工方式称为“概念驱策加工”。读者头脑中已有的知识相当于解释学家说的“前理解 ”,因此这种加工方式也相当于“解释学循环”的第二层意思。任何认识的发生、发展都是认识的外源因素和 认识的内源因素双向作用的结果,阅读也是双向建构,阅读理解要达到两个平衡:作为客观的本文的整体和部 分的协调,作为主体认知框架的平衡。
阅读教学中,教师的主导作用在于通过提问,引导学生达到“解释性理解”,起导读作用。这就要遵循“ 解释学循环”的原则,启发学生同时进行两种方式的信息加工,提高理解水平,培养迁移能力。
以上主要从解释学维度讨论了何以要提问,阅读教学中如何提问就有了根据。
课堂提问的组成是阶梯式的:最高层次是“课”,其次是“课段”,再次是“回合”(一次问和答),最 低层次是“话步”(教师的“问”和学生的“答”)。
我们先讨论“回合”。教师和学生的对话并没有信息沟,教师提问并不是要从学生那里获得信息,而是要 启发学生获得信息或检查学生是否已获得信息。一般会话结构是两话步:一种是A(问)--B(答),A(再问 )--B(再答);一种是A(问)--B(答),B(问)--A(答)。而课堂会话结构是三话步:T(教师问 )--S(学生答)--T(教师评价小结)。第三话步是信息的反馈, 即使有学生能作出正确回答,但不等于 所有学生都能回答,应重复学生的回答以面向全体学生。
由回合到课段,提问有一个开始到结束的框架,每次提问都有一个焦点,如何组织一个课段的提问呢?遵 循“解释学循环”的原则,大致有两种方式。
(一)由浅入深,由表及里。
1、由表层到深层,由具体到抽象。于漪老师《七根火柴》第21 节的提问设计是:(1)无名战士留给人间 的最后话语是什么?(2)无名战士留给人间的最后动作是什么?(这两个是表层问题。)(3 )这些言行显示 了他怎样的心灵、怎样的精神?(4)和一般人相比, 他的伟大之处是什么?(这两个是深层问题。)《截肢 和输血》第1 节提问:(1)白求恩同志是在怎样的气候下赶路的?(冷)(2)作者怎样描写冷?(这两个是 具体的问题)(3)作者着力描写气候寒冷的用意是什么?(这个问题较抽象。)
2、层层深入。如钱梦龙老师《捕蛇者说》第1节的提问:(1 )这种蛇特别,文中用了哪一个字?(“异 ”)(2)“异”在哪里? (归纳为:色、毒、用)(3)作者突出了哪一个?(“毒”)(4)为什么?(陪 衬赋敛之毒)(5)为什么永州人民还“争奔走焉”? (将捕蛇和纳税联在一起)后一问句的焦点以上一问句 提供的新信息为依托,层层递进。
(二)整体--部分--整体。
本人在教《白杨礼赞》第7节的提问设计是:(1)上一节从外形上写白杨树不平凡,本节从哪一方面赞美 白杨树的不平凡呢?(内在气质)(2)作者调动哪些手段赞美白杨树的内在气质?(排比、比喻、拟人、对比 、欲扬先抑)(3)“伟丈夫”和“好女子”对比, 这个“好”是什么含义?(美丽)(4)为什么要用这样的 对比和隐喻? (突出其壮美,并由赞美树过渡到赞美人)(5 )作者用什么手法进而揭示其象征意义?(反问 排比句)(6)这几个排比句之间有什么联系? (由外到内,层层深入)(7)四个反问句句式上有什么变化,
怎样逐步深化点出象征意义?(略)(8)这一节在全文起什么作用? (赞美的高潮所在,精华所在)。
在组织课段提问时,要防止孤立式的提问。一位新教师教读《挖荠菜》第2节提了三个问题:(1)“馋” 是什么意思?(2 )馋到什么程度? (3)饿到什么程度?关键要问:为什么要写馋(突出饿)和写“饿”反 映了什么,才能由表及里。
在课堂上,提问的展示由“回合”到“课段”,再到“课”;可是教师在设计提问时是从“课”到“课段
篇5：高中英语教学随笔 (译林牛津版英语高一)
由于农村地区教育相对落后，对英语学习不够重视，还由于自身有自卑心理，不敢张口说英语，加之没有掌握适当的学习英语的方法，导致上课调动不起英语学习的积极性，学生只是消极被动地去接受知识，达不到预期的理想效果。然而，该年龄段学生的优点是上课积极活跃，动手动脑能力强，同学之间有相互竞争的意识。如何在教学过程中利用这些优点呢？在实践中我深切感到在课堂上设置游戏，能够激活课堂，调动学生自主学习的能力，培养学生对英语学习的兴趣，使他们变成课堂的主体。现在谈一下我对课堂游戏教学的一些浅显的认识和不成熟的看法
课堂游戏有利于培养学生的创新意识和创新能力
创新是现代社会对人的素质提出的又一基本要求。如何把创新精神贯穿于课堂教学的始终，使课堂焕发出生机和活力？关键一点就是教师在教学时应给学生营造一个创新的环境。课堂游戏恰巧从根本上改变了封闭教学的沉闷局面，让学生参与到了教学过程中来。游戏走进课堂，把教师传授知识的过程变成了在教师指导下、以学生为主体主动参与积极探索的过程；把重视传授知识变成了激发学生求知欲、好奇心、创造精神和开发学生潜能的学习过程；把教师从真理的代言人、至高无上的权威、传道授业解惑者，改变成学生民主、平等、自由地进行自我展现过程的操作者。一个宽松、广阔的创新环境悄然形成，它不断地启发、诱导学生在学到书本知识的同时，也培养了他们的创造能力。学生的个性在游戏中得到尊重，尊重个性就是尊重创造。面对学生，我们应永远充满信任和期待，以爱的春风绽放每一朵春蕾，用信任的目光开启每一个心灵的宝库，使创新教育在英语课堂上得到真正的体现。
课堂游戏有利于培养树立学生的合作精神和意识
课堂游戏帮助我们改变了老师的一言堂，开辟了师生间、学生间平等交流的好场所。知识、能力、性格等方面各有差异的学生集合在一起，去发现别人的闪光点来启迪自己的思维。在游戏中，知识、能力、性格得到了相互碰撞和升华。在游戏中，学生不仅学会了倾听，学会了赞美，学会了批评，学会了接受，而且还展现自我、认识了自我、完善了自我，使个性得到了和谐健康地发展，同时也养成了他们的合作精神。
课堂游戏可以让学生走进生活，开拓英语学习的新天地
在课堂游戏教学中，同样的教学内容，教师的教法不同，学生的学习效果就不同。教学得当，学生则学得轻松有趣、学的灵活，掌握的就好。反之，教师教法不当，学生就学的吃力、枯燥，甚至厌学。对学生的游戏效果应进行多方面的强化或者鼓励。在游戏过程中，应及时发现学生的闪光点并给予肯定和表扬，帮助他们在游戏中学习，学会总结、创新，从而进一步强化游戏效果。只有让学生在课堂上自主地发展，才会使他们具备创新人才所需要的品质。我们在课堂上设立游戏，不仅可以使学生在学习中享受到快乐，而且还可以发展学生的各项素质。因此，让游戏走进课堂，不但可以使我们的英语教学焕发出新的生命，而且还能够拓宽学生学习英语的新天地。我们在今后的教学中应不断进行探索与创新，让游戏走进课堂，让我们的英语课流光溢彩，活力四射。
篇6：高二下英语导学提纲(译林牛津版高二)
M7U2 Grammar and usage
课前导学：
一、课前自学课本P24-25，了解并掌握动词及动词短语的用法。
二、完成P24和P25上的相关练习。
三、用适当的中文意思填空。
（1）How did the quarrel________ ___________ (发生)?
（2）Doctors are ________ _______ (调查)the case for new treatment.
（3）The girl doesn’t ________ _______(像)her parents at all.
（4）How can you ______ _______ _______（容忍）this for so long?
（5）It is not right to _________ _______ ______（瞧不起）those who have AIDS.
（6）_______ ________ ________(当心) cars while you are crossing the street.
（7）______ _______ _______ _______ （照看）the baby while I am out.
（8）Please ______ _______ _______ (注意) what the teacher is saying.
（9）The war __________ ___________ （爆发）in 1934.
（10）We’ve__________ __________ __________ （吃完了）our food.
四、质疑讨论：
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
拓展延伸：
（1） 动词短语定义
动词常与其他词类（多是副词和介词）搭配在一起，构成固定词组，称之为动词短语。
（2） 一般动词短语可以分为以下几类：
1．动词+介词
这一结构的动词短语相当于一个及物动词，这类短语动词的宾语比较固定，均放在介词之后。例如：
Whether we will go climbing depends on the weather. 我们会不会去爬山要看天气。
He is searching for his glasses. 他在找眼镜。
2．动词+副词
这类短语动词有的可以用作及物动词，有的用作不及物动词。动词短语的宾语是名词时，可置于动词短语之后，亦可置于动词短语中间；但若宾语是代词时，只能置于动词和副词之间。例如：
Wipe the dirt out on your shoes, please. / Wipe out the dirt on your shoes, please.
请擦掉你鞋上的脏东西。
There is dirt on your shoes. Wipe it out. 你的鞋上有脏东西，请擦掉。
3． 动词+副词+介词
这类机构中，介词的宾语不能置于介词之前，eg. be fed up with 厌倦 ；catch up with 赶上; go on with 与------相处; hold on to 坚持.
4. 动词+名词+ 介词
常见短语有: take care of 照顾，照料; make room for 给…腾地方; make friends with
与…交朋友; play a joke on 戏弄某人; have a look at 看一看; say goodbye to 告辞等
5．动词+形容词（包括相当于形容词的过去分词）+介词
这类动词短语相当于及物动词。例如：
He wondered whether the newcomer was worthy of trust.他不知道那个新来的是否值得信任。
I was deeply upset about it.。那件事情我厌烦透了。
常见短语有: be late for 迟到 be angry with 生气 be busy with 忙于
be short for 是…的简称 be interested in 对…感兴趣
be good at 擅长 be different from 与…不同 be good/bad for 对…有益/害
6. 动词+反身代词+介词
常见短语有: help oneself to 随便吃 give oneself to 热心于 occupy oneself with 忙于
enjoy oneself 玩得开心 dress oneself in 穿着 devote oneself to 专心,致力于,献身
（3） 常用短语动词：
（1）动词+副词
bring back 带回，想起 figure out 算出
break out 爆发 pick out 选出
die down 逐渐平息 burn down 烧毁
come out 出来，出版 show off 卖弄
break down 破坏 calm down平静下来
pay off 还清债务 tear up 撕碎
fix up 安排，安装 put off 推迟
bing up 抚养，提出 keep up 保持
hold up 举起，受阻 build up 建立
（2）动词+介词
care for 关心，喜欢 call for 需要
suffer from 受…苦 result from 由于
bring about 引起 think about 思考
depend on 依靠，根据 deal with 处理
approve of 赞成 begin with 从…开始
yield to 屈服于 object to 反对
appeal to 恳求 apply to 申请
（3）动词+副词+介词
add up to 总计 look forward to 盼望
catch up with 赶上 go on with 继续
keep up with 赶上 get on with 与…相处
（4）其他结构的短语动词
be angry with 生气 be interested in 对…感兴趣
be famous for 因…而出名 devote oneself to 致力于
be different from 与…不同 make fun of 取笑
come into being 形成 get rid of 摆脱
keep an eye on 留意，照看 take pride in 以…自傲
assure sb. of sth. 使确信
迁移创新：
1. We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all .
A. given away B. kept away C. taken up D. used up
2. Would you please ______ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes?
A. look around B. look into C. look up D. look through
3. During the war there was a serious lack of food. It was not unusual that even the wealthy families had to ______ bread for days.
A. eat up B. give away C. do without D. deal with
4. It is reported that the police will soon ____ the case of two missing children.
A. look upon B. look after C. look into D. look out
5. I tried phoning her office, but I couldn’t__________.
A. get along B. get on C. get to D. get through
6. A notice was in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time.
A. sent up B. given up C. set up D. put up
7. ---- Sorry, I have to ______ now. It’s time for class.
---- OK, I’ll call back later.
A. hang up B. break up C. give up D. hold up
8. ---- I' m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have __ .
----So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.
A. broken up B. finished up C. divided up D. closed up
9. Practisig Chinese kung fu can not only ________ one’s strength, but also develop one’s character.
A. bring up B. take up C. build up D. pull up
10. -Have you __________?
-No. I had the wrong number.
A. got in B. got away C. got off D. got through
11. We thought of selling this old furniture, but we’ve decided to _____ it. It might be valuable.
A. hold on to B. keep up with C. turn to D. look after
12. Can you make a sentence to _____ the meaning of the phrase?
A. show off B. turn out C. bring out D. take in
13. New reports say peace talks between the two countries have ____ with no agreement reached.
A. broken down B. broken out C. broken in D. broken up
14. We are going to ____ with some friends fro a picnic. Would you like to join us?
A. get in B. get over C. get along D. get together
15. I don’t ____ rock’n’roll. It’s much too noisy for my taste.
A. go after B. go away with C. go into D. go in for
16. It was not a serious illness, and she soon ____ it.
A. got over B. got on with C. got around D. got out of
17．It is certain that he will ____ his business to his son when he gets old.
A. take over B. think over C. hand over D. go over
18. It’s ten years since the scientist ____ on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.
A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up
19. Could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you ____ yesterday?
A. tried on B. put on C. had on D. pulled on
20. He accidentally ____ he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks.
A. let out B. took care C. made sure D. made out
21. We have to ____ the wheat as soon as possible because a storm is on the way.
A. get away B. get across C. get through D. get in
22. It’s the present situation in poor areas that ___ much higher spending on education and training.
A. answers for B. provides for C. calls for D. plans for
23. His idea of having weekly family meals together, which seemed difficult at first, has ___ many good changes in their lives.
A. got through B. resulted from C. turned into D. brought about Ks5u
24. This dictionary is being printed and it will soon ____ .
A. turn out B. come out C. start out D. go out
25. I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson ____.
A. cut in B. cut down C. cut out D. cut up
26. This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can ____ my father.
A. find out B. pick out C. look out D. speak out
27. Please tell me how the accident __. I am still in the dark.
A. came by B. came upon C. came to D. came about
28. There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldn’t get ____.
A. between B. through C. across D. beyond
29. ---How are you managing to do your work without an assistant?
---Well, I ____ somehow.
A. get along B. come on C. watch out D. set off
30. As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village ____ scenes of my childhood.
A. called up B. called for C. called on D. called in
31. Although the wind has ____, the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat.
A. turned up B. gone back C. died down D. blown out
32. We’re trying to ring you back, Bryan, but we think we ___ your number incorrectly.
A. looked up B. took down C. worked out D. brought about
33. With no one to ____ in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.
A. turn to B. turn on C. turn off D. turn over
答案：课前导学 come about looking into take after put up with , look down upon , watch out for keep an eye on pay attention to broke out run out of
迁移创新1-10CDCCD DAACD
11-20 ACADD ACBCA
21-30 DCDBA BDBAA
31-33 CBA
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