下面是小编为大家带来的雅思阅读判断题型解析,本文共8篇,希望大家能够喜欢!

篇1:雅思阅读判断题型解析
雅思阅读判断题型解析
通常,对于很多雅思考生而言,在解答True/False/Not Given题时,往往都太过于依赖自己的主观臆断或先入为主的思想判断导致做题错误。这样的学生在学习时,一定要先纠正错误的东西,而这些往往很难纠正。首先,我们需要了解一下他们在官方的定义是什么,对True/False/Not Given这三个选项的解释如下:
If the text agrees with or confirms the information in the statement, the answer is TRUE
如果题目信息契合原文内容,是一致的,就是TRUE
If the text contradicts or is the opposite to the information in the statement, the answer is FALSE
如果题目的信息与原文内容相反,相悖,就是FALSE
If there is no information or it is impossible to know, the answer is NOT GIVEN
如果题目信息在原文中没有对应内容,或者不可能通过原文了解到,就是NOT GIVEN
当考生知道这三个官方给出来的定义之后,我们需要知道区分NG和F的区别。从字面上很好理解,就是与原文想不想符,有没有涉及到这两个问题的考虑。所谓的TRUE就是原文信息与题目信息完全相同,这里指代的一样,不是单词一样,而是意思一样。对于雅思阅读判断题型中,很多时候都会出现同义词的互换。所以考生往往容易忽略这点。对于FALSE就是原文信息与题目信息完全不同。第三个选项NOT GIVEN就是原文信息与题目信息部分相同,还有一部分缺失或不可能在原文中找到。而这里需要认清的是完全和部分这两次词。很多时候大家选错,在于那些部分里面还掺杂正确的信息。这也是最考验考生的。我们可以下面的例子来看看。
原文:People who speak two languages have a clear learning advantage over their monolingual schoolmates. This depends on how much of each language they can speak, not on which language is used.
题目:Some languages develop your intelligence more than others.
在这道雅思阅读判断题型中,答案是False,因为原文虽然表示语言可以让人有学习优势,但是这个优势不取决于任何一种特定的语言,而是取决于语言掌握的程度。而题目则表示某些语言比其他语言更能开发人的智慧。两个观点完全相反,所以答案是False。
原文: If you speak another language to your children in New Zealand, there are some people who think that you are not helping them to become a member of society. But in fact, the general agreement among experts is that learning a second language is good for children.
问题: Most New Zealanders believe it is good to teach children a second language.
对于上述的雅思阅读判断题,答案是Not Given,因为原文表示一部分人认为教授小孩子第二语言对他们融入社会没有好处,但是专家们觉得是有好处的。题目中则表示大部分人觉得教授小孩子第二语言是有好处的。原文中认为有好处的是专家,认为没好处的是一部分人,大部分人的观点是什么样的呢? 原文并没有提到,所以这道题的答案是Not Given。
雅思阅读考试4大能力要求
1. 词汇量的要求
2. 语法知识的要求,特别是分析句子结构的能力;
3. 阅读速度的要求;
4. 理解能力的要求等等。
摸清了敌人的底细,我们就知道该怎样备战了,小编给出的建议如下:
1. 用词汇武装自己。“巧妇难为无米之炊”,光有技巧没有词汇的人是不可能考得理想成绩的。而且,像很多人说的------英语的学习说白了就是词汇的学习,词汇量大了,听说读写就成功了一大半。
2. 多积累语法知识。经常尝试着分析一些长句子,。有了这些语法知识,对付是非无题和摘要填空题就会更轻松。
3.平时要加强阅读速度的训练,学会通过意群和S.V.O快速理解句子的大意。
雅思阅读语法:复习方法
从不直接的考查语法,也不单独的出语法题,而是在语言的交际和交流过程中全面的考察一个人的语言能力,这从来都是雅思考试区别于其他考试的一个优点。但是这并不意味着,语法在雅思考试中不重要,恰恰相反,由于更加重视语法的实际运用而不仅仅是单纯的记忆,雅思考试从某种程度上说对于考生的语法提出了更高的要求。
语法在雅思阅读的复习考试过程中所起到的作用,主要表现在以下几个方面:
一.词汇
雅思阅读对于词汇量要求较高。根据统计,雅思阅读要获得不错的成绩需要掌握5000多个单词,而且其中还以常见的动词、形容词语或名词为主(专有术语和专有名词往往对于解题和理解不会有太多的影响)。对于许多考生而言这在短期内是一个难以逾越的障碍。在克服这点困难上,语法的作用主要体现在以下两个方面;
第一.通过掌握语法中的词法部分,能够很好的帮助学生扩展词汇量。
第二.即便是有某个单词不认识,对于语法有很好掌握的同学也可以利用词法或者句法知识,通过上下文来理解单词的含义。
二.句子
雅思阅读的另一个难点是文章中的长句。在遇到长句的时候,如果对句子的每个部分都不加区分的阅读,既浪费时间,而且也很难快速抓住其主要含义。因此,在遇到长句时,考生要学会利用语法中的句法知识在阅读中学会抓住句子的主干部分,对其进行阅读,而对于句子的修饰补充说明成分可以略过不看。值得注意的是,尽管雅思的文章和句子往往都比较长,但是句子本身理解起来并不难,只要能够分析出主、谓、宾一般就能准确理解起含义。
三.答题
在解题的过程中,语法的作用突出的体现在完成句子题、总结题型(Summary)和简答题这三种题目之中。不提供备选项的完成句子题、总结题和简答题有个共同点,就是答案往往是要根据题目要求和原文信息进行改写,尤其是对于完成句子题和总结题而言,我们根据原文信息所填写的答案必须是要使得整个句子符合语法的。这种改写中往往便渗透了对于语法的考查。即便是对于提供备选项完成句子题和总结题,语法也可以帮助考生筛选备选项,缩小范围,从而提高答对题目的可能性。
比如我们来看一道例题:
The new Nokia handset boasts of a ___ and ____. 这是一道雅思中的阅读完成句子题。通过对于题目的分析我们发现其特点在于两个空格之前只用了一个不定冠词a,这实际上说明这两个空格所填的名词之间存在的某种配套使用的关系。如knife and fork这个词组中尽管是两个名词,但是前面只用一个不定冠词a,以表示成套使用。如果我们能够通过两个空格前的一个不定冠词a判断出它们之间的关系那么解题速度将会大大加快。
复习
在讲完语法在雅思阅读中所起到的作用以后,下面我们来谈谈应该怎样复习语法以为雅思阅读做好准备。
首先、复习语法要抓住一个核心、两条主线。英语句子——作为能表达完整意思的一个最小的语言单位,是人们在交流思想时所使用的语言媒体。因此,对于语法的学习应紧紧以句子为核心,考生们即使在做语法练习的时候,也要学会从语句中找到相应的语言提示或上下文的逻辑关系。语法的本质就是一系列的规则,说明词可以怎样变化以表示不同的含义,以及怎样把词组合成句子。因此,语法复习还要以从句和动词作为两条主线。从句包括:形容词从句(定语从句),副词从句(状语从句),和名词从句(名词性从句);动词内容包括:动词时态,不定式,动名词,分词。但是,值得注意的是,作为语法重要内容的虚拟语气并不是雅思考试阅读的考查重点。此外,与句子构造有关的规则还有主谓一致和主谓倒装。
第二、注重语法运用而非术语的记忆。在正式考试过程中,真正重要和起关键作用的是考生能否准确、快速的分析、理解文章句子含义,题型特点。因此,考生只要能够理解句子含义,不必在语法分析和语法术语上面过多纠缠。
雅思阅读
篇2:雅思阅读题型大解析
雅思阅读题型大解析
雅思阅读题型之list of heading
依照topic sentence解题是很常见的做题方式。因而要注意分析每一段落的topic sentence.(一般句首的主题句比较偏多,很多文章都是句首点明观点)。与summary题相同,雅思阅读list of heading中的备选项一般多于答案的数量,这就意味着一个段落可以有几个符合的备选项,同样先把符合这个段落的备选项挑出来,缩小选择的范围,再从中选择会容易一些。
此类题型跟我们常见的多选题一样,正确选项一定含有文章的要点(关键词、中心词),因为题目侧重的就是段落的核心。所以,虽然有些备选项的内容是正确的,在文章中也有提及,但却是文章中的细节,而不是大意,就应舍去。文章段落中所给的example绝对不会是雅思阅读题型之list of heading题的答案,因为它们只是对段落中主要观点的解释说明,并不全面系统,是片面的。
雅思阅读题型之matching
通常这就是我们说的匹配题,其中并不是每一个的备选项都符合每一个题目,通常,备选项只有特定的一部分是正确的,符合题目要求的。所以在做题的时候可以先把符合该题干的备选项挑出来,缩小选择的范围,再去解题。解题的时候最好选用的方法是排除法。在雅思阅读matching题中一定要注意问的问题是涉及主观方面的还是客观方面的。所谓主观方面是指别人的观点、建议、设想等;而所谓客观方面是指事实、介绍、指导等。
面对此类题型,我们需要强调的是看清题序,对号入座。雅思matching题,尤其是图片matching题,一定要注意,所给图示的顺序标号不一定与原文中的叙述顺序相一致。做题时要以题目的顺序为标准,不要只是根据原文顺序依次选择。否则就算直到正确的搭配项也会因为答案填写顺序的失误而丢分!
有些匹配题需要找到所列的内容在文章哪一段有所体现。其实这一类题与第一个说的题型有点相似。在做的时候最好能像做雅思阅读list of heading题一样先把文章段落之间的关系搞清楚,划分好文章的层次.虽然这样做会耗费一定的时间,但是比起盲目地满篇找答案还是方便快捷得多得.而且准确性也会有保证.这类题也可以参考short answer题的做法,试着回答题干的问题,看在哪一段能找到答案。
另外,也要注意分析这类题的题干信息,如题目中出现了an overview of…就要注意观察文章的开头和结尾部分,因为这两个部分尤其会出现overview的观点。出现in the future就要多注意文章的结尾部分,因为该部分最容易提出对未来的展望。有些匹配题关注要点是人物的观点和贡献,发现之类的。要求将每个人物与他们各自的观点搭配.做这一类题时,最好边读文章边把所有的人名框起来,这样回原文中定位的时候就会比较简单了。
雅思阅读题型之multiple choice
通常这类题型我们叫做选择题,其中的标准答案一定是包括文章要点。然后题目选项与原文是存在差别的,有些看似相近的句子,其实意义很多不同。一定要注意问的问题是涉及主观方面的还是客观方面的。所谓主观方面是指别人的观点、建议、设想等;而所谓客观方面是指事实、介绍、指导等。
同时我们在做此类选择题目的时候,需要要审清题意,搞清楚题目到底要我们选择几个答案。不要漏选,也不要多选。其中常用的解题技巧就是“排除法”,而使用排除法时可以参考T/F/NG题的做法,因为要排除掉的就是F和NG的内容。如果实在找不出答案,就把答案从可靠到不可靠的顺序排下来,选最有可能的那一个。此外,有时候会要求选出适合的title,这个时候一定要注意Title必然包含文章的主要信息,而且一定要全面。有些选项虽然是正确的,但是只包含了文章主要内容的一部分,所以不能选。
雅思阅读题型之Y/N/NG和T/F/NG
首先要明确知道这种题型中Y/N/NG和T/F/NG所表示的意义,通常我们说前者是对观念的判断,考察的是题干与作者观点之间的一致性,故一般用于议论文;后者是对事实的判断,考察的是题干与文章中所给事实的一致性,因而多用于说明文。如果考生遇到不准确的情况,建议考生选择NG。
在做此类题型的时候,一定要在阅读训练中清楚的掌握哪些是事实哪些是观点。同时也要注意观点的错误和正确之分。经常阅读题会发生前面一大堆的观点在最后一部分进行反驳,说这些观点不对什么的。所以要切记观点的正确性。同时也要注意转折词的使用!But, However, Although, Though等!
雅思阅读:简短题型的答题技巧
雅思阅读“简短回答问题”解题方法
a. 题型要求:
每个题目都是一个特殊问句,要求根据原文作出回答。
绝大部分的题目要求有字数限制,一般有如下几种表达方式:
◆ no more than two/three/four words(不超过2/3/4 个字);
◆ one or two words(一个或两个字);
◆ use a maximum of two words(最多两个字)。
有字数限制的,一定要严格按照题目要求去做。少部分的题目要求中没有字数限制,这时,请注意,答案字数也不会很长,一般不会超过四个字。总之,这种题型的答案都是词或短语,很少是句子,所以又叫“短问答”。考试中,A 类和G 类一般都是每次必考,考一组,共三题左右。
b. 解题步骤
◆找出题目中的关键词,最好先定位到原文中的一个段落。将题目中的关键词与原文各段落的小标题或每段话的第一句相对照。有些题目能先定位到原文中的一个段落,这必将大大加快解题时间,并提高准确率。但并不是每个题目都能先定位到原文中的一个段落的。题目中如果包含年代、人名、地名、数字,这些词肯定是关键词,因为原文中不会对这些词做改变,而且这些词特别好找,所以依据这些词在原文中确定答案比较快。
◆从头到尾快速阅读该段落,根据题目中的其他关键词,确定正确答案。确定一个段落后,答案在该段落中的具体位置是未知的。所以,需要从头到尾快速阅读该段落,确定正确答案。
◆答案要对应题目中的特殊疑问词。
答案必须要对应题目中的特殊疑问词。绝大部分的答案是名词或名词短语,也有少部分是动词或形容词短语。
◆要注意顺序性,即题目的顺序与原文的顺序基本一致。
题目是有顺序性的。第一题的答案应在文章的前部,第二题的答案应在第一题的答案之后。这个规律也有助于确定答案的位置。
注意事项:
◆所有的答案都不用大写,专有名词除外。
一句话的第一个字母需要大写,我们的答案大部分都是词或短语,都不是一句话,所以不用大写。但答案中的专有名词,如人名和地名需要大写。例如:Australian taxpayer ,不能答为:australian taxpayer。
◆绝大部分的答案来自原文原词,极少一部分需要自己写答案。
大部分的答案来自原文原词,而且是原文中连续的几个词。只有极少一部分需要自己写答案。所以,在考试中,如果发现有很多都需要自己写答案,应首先怀疑自己找错答案的位置。需要自己写答案的例子:
原文:…… if your iron produces droplets of water instead of giving off steam, your temperature control is set too low.
题目:What should you do if our iron starts to drip water?
答案及解释:原文说:如果你的熨斗产生水滴而不是放出水蒸气,是以为你把温度设置的过低。题目问:如果你的熨斗开始滴水,你应该做什么?答案应该是升高温度的意思,但原文中并没有相应的原词,需要自己写出来。最好的答案是根据your temperature control is set too low 改为set temperature high/higher。同样正确的答案为:increase the temperature 或turn up temperature。
雅思阅读能力如何提高
首先,当然是词汇。任何一篇内容相对复杂的阅读文章,都不可避免地出现大量生僻词语或者是难度相对较大的单词。从文章的选材而言,范围是十分丰富的,主要来自世界各国主要的英文报刊杂志,内容涉及任何一个国家的文化、经济、自然和科技等。而IELTS考试所考查的,是实际运用语言的能力,所以在考试中真正需要理解的单词,或是题目中真正考查到的单词,往往是英语(Q吧)阅读中的一些最核心的单词。这些单词虽然数量不多,难度不大,但却是必须掌握的。就考试而言,掌握6000左右的常用词汇,即大学六级大纲中所要求的词汇是必须的。
第二,复杂的句型结构。有些同学的词汇量已经达到了6000左右,但是依然感觉读不懂文章,这就是因为文章中充斥着大量结构复杂难以把握的复杂句。如:The challenge now is to develop policies and practices based on a presumption of shared responsibility between men and women, and a presumption that there are potential benefits for men and women, as well as for families and the community, if there is greater gender equality in the responsibilities and pleasures of family life. 这是一个相对复杂的句子,主干是the challenge now is to develop policies and practices, 从based on到句子的结尾处是由过去分词短语充当的状语。后一个presumption后面有一个由that引导的从句,充当presumption的同位语。在同位语的后面,有一个if 引导的条件状语从句。一般而言,对同学们造成障碍的是并列句或并列复合句,倒装结构,所以在训练时可以精挑一个语段做仔细分析。
第三,题型多样化。这个障碍使原本已经拥有相当英语语言实力的考生,在考试中因为缺乏对题型的理解,或是被众多题型干扰,不能正常发挥。一些必考题型如list of headings, summary, T/F/NG等,可以作为练习重点。如summary题是很多同学感到头痛的题型,普遍感到非常难找。其实不然,只要记住两大原则即可。原则一,顺序原则。summary题的答案排列顺序,必定与文章的行文顺序一致。原则二,完整的summary,不仅应该能够体现文章本身所表达的思想含义,而且必须是符合语法规律的英语文章。所以根据语法也可以进行判断。
在准备考试的过程中,除了要做IELTS考题之外,还要进行泛读和快速阅读。泛读可以选择一些英美主流媒体的文章,在网站上可以找到,目的是熟悉单词和句型。快速阅读就是用扫描文章的方法对其结构有大致的了解,并把握其主旨。同时,在重点句子和词汇上做出标记。这种方法对阅读考试帮助极大,平时可多加练习。另外,为了提高阅读的速度还要养成良好的阅读习惯,不能边看边用嘴跟着读,眼、嘴并用必会降低阅读速度;一旦发现生词(这种情况绝大多数同学都肯定要遇到),先不要紧张,要通过英语构词法(前缀、词根和后缀)来分析推测词义,或结合上下文、前后词语去猜测,如果根据上下文及前后词语还是无法确切了解其真正含义,可以再看一下这个词对整个句子所构成的影响是肯定的,还是否定的,实际上这对你理解作者的意图已足够了,实在不行就做上记号,将来看一看是否影响答题,如无影响就坚决忽略。
雅思阅读
篇3:雅思阅读基本题型解析
【雅思阅读题型】雅思阅读基本题型解析
1.匹配题(MATCHING TASKS)。如给每段文章配标题。
2.多重选择(MALTIPLE-CHOICE TASKS)。如给出A,B,C三个答案, 选择正确答案。
3.辨别正误(True / FALSE TASKS)。
该题型还涉及到:(NOT GIVEN / NOT MENTIONED)没有提到,
有时还会出现下列提法:
ACCURAT / INACCURAT 精确/不精确
SUPPORTED / CONTRADICTED 一致/不一致
CORRECT / INCORRECT 正确与不正确
4.填空(GAPFILL)。有时要根据文章内容选择词或短语填空,有时会给出一些词或短语进行填空(其实也要根据文章内容来填空)。
5.完成句子(SENTENCE COMPLETION TASKS)。即先给出句子的一部分,未给出部分在文章中找出,或者给出2-3个答案,由你选择一个。这种题型较难,宜多加练习。
6.完成图表、示意图(TABLE、CHART OR DIAGRAM COMPLETION)。 这部分题型是要根据文章所给出的信息,将图表内缺失的内容(或数据)填补出来。
7.回答问题(SHORT-ANSWER QUESTION TASKS)。回答问题在IELTS阅读考试中属于较易回答的题型,通常在考试的前一部分出现。
对于上述几种雅思阅读题型,在答题时要采用不同的办法灵活处理。例如:
在回答完成句子这类题时,就要花一点时间仔细查看文章中的有关部分。
在回答匹配题时,就要在文章中快速找出关键词或短语,并围绕这些词或短语附近找出答案。
在回答填空题时,就要按顺序回答问题,根据所给单词或文章并利用词性找出答案。
雅思阅读中NOT GIVEN题型的八大考点盘点
1,原文及题目只提到一件事物的only题。
2,原文是别人的评论,题目就其本质进行是非对错判断。
3,原文只提到两事物,但题目对两者进行了比较。
4,原文只提到一件事物,而题目涉及到两件事物的比较关系。
5,原文提出问题并未作答,但题目进行了是非判断。
6,原文有发誓许诺等,但题目出去以上限定,成为事实判断。
7,原文是对将来状态的判断,但题目变成事实。
8,原文有时间、地点、范围等限定词,但题目故意模糊了以上限定。
雅思阅读标题配对题的解题思路浅谈
解题思路:
1.将例子所对应的选项及段落标号划去
2.划出选项中的关键词及概念性名词
3.浏览文章,抓住各段的主题句和核心词(尤其是反复出现的核心词),重点关注段落首句、第二句与末句
4.与段落主题句同义或包含段落核心词的选项为正确答案
例一
原文:
The changing demographics will not only affect selection ratios. They will also make it increasingly important for organisations wishing to maintain in their competitive edge to be more responsive and accommodating to the changing needs of their workforce if they are to retain and develop their human resources. More flexible working hours, the opportunity of work from home of job share, the provision of childcare facilities etc., will play a major role in attracting and retaining staff in the future.
答案:Heading: The effect of changing demographics on organisations(段落第二句为段落主题句,而第一句起承上作用。注意:在not only…also结构中,not only部分承上,also部分启下,为段落主题所在)
例二
原文:
While the Inuit may not actually starve if hunting and trapping are curtailed by climate change, there has certainly been an impact on people's health. Obesity, heart disease and diabetes are beginning to appear in a people for whom these have never before been problems. There has been a crisis of identity as the traditional skills of hunting, trapping and preparing skins have begun to disappear. In Nunavut's 'igloo and email' society, where adults who were born in igloos have children who may never have been out on the land, there's a high incidence of depression.
答案:Heading: Negative effects on well-being(段落第一句为段落主题句,其中while引导的从句表示让步,起承上作用,后面的主句there has certainly been an impact on people's health为本段的中心所在)
雅思阅读考察的五种能力分别是哪些
教了4年的雅思阅读和口语,总结了一些经验,下面和烤鸭们分享一下:
阅读6---6.5分= 能力 (70%) + 技巧(30%)
今年,对于一些市场上所谓的名牌雅思加盟学校的老师鼓吹2个月即可以帮一个零基础的学生拿到阅读6分,我真是不敢苟同,因为不是自吹,英国佬所出的那些阅读试题的考策的初衷,我基本上是很清楚的,一个零基础的学生在2个月内是绝对拿不到6分,不论他们背诵什么所谓的阅读真井,如果说听力机警是有用的, 那么阅读真警只是骗人的,因为不可能有人在每次阅读考试后将40道题的答案背诵下来,原因很简单,第一,雅思阅读考试没有10分钟的腾答案,第二,阅读的文章都是关于科普,天文以及地理等比较抽象的课题,这是与听力考试的内容贴近生活是大相径庭的,所以建议烤鸭们没有必要花费时间去背诵阅读真警,因为这只会浪费你的时间。
雅思阅读考察的能力有五块:
一是--- 英英词库,即你是否拥有英语对英语的同义词词库,还是只知道中文的意思,要知道这是国际性的英语考试,是老外出题,所以他绝对不会以你做中国试题的思维考测你,雅思阅读就是全文的找答案,可是你所定位的词很多时候不会老老实实的坐在原文里等着你,这就需要你具备英语同义词的能力,比如有一道题目,是T/F/NG,题目是:
The Medical reference books in Tang Dynasty range from both academical and practical contents.
这句话的考点词是非常明确的,医疗书是否既包括学术,又包括实践的内容,如果只有其中一个,而不包括另一个,一定是NO。
雅思阅读文章隔断的选项标志词总结
文章首段选项标志词:
1. Concept, conception, notion, explanation, core, essence, analysis, justification, definition+of+文章标题
2. What is, what makes, what leads to+文章标题
3. Defy, justify+文章标题
文章末段选项标志词:
effect, impact, consequence, result, summary, conclusion+文章标题
中间段落选项标志词:
1. 所有比较选项:compare, contrast, versus, match, rival, similar, akin to, alien to contrary to,
2. 所有数字选项:data, figure, calculation, census, statistics,
3. 所有百分比选项:percentage, percent, rate, ratio, proportion, density, demography
4. 所有金钱指示选项:salary, wage, income, expenditure, expense, revenue
5. 所有时间集中选项:century, ages, decades, generation, duration, tradition, heritage, process, procedure
篇4:雅思阅读判断题型解题方法
雅思阅读板块题型多样,其中判断题是必考题型,本文以剑桥雅思阅读真题为例,和大家解析雅思阅读中判断题型的解题方法。
剑桥雅思阅读真题解析 判断题型解题方法
一、判断题题干有表示比较关系的词,考生需注意题目重点考察比较关系。
常见的比较关系词:
比较级:more/ less /adj-er than…
同级比较:as…as…/the same as…/equal/ like
试题中若出现以上比较关系词,需标记题中的比较对象(A 、B),并明确比较逻辑(如A比B更聪明),即可快速完成审题。如:
39. It is easier to find meaning in the field of science than in the field of art.
– Test 2, Cambridge IELTS 11
审题步骤:
1.确定比较对象:A – field of science (科学领域)、B – field of art (艺术领域)
2.确定比较逻辑:科学的含义比艺术的含义更容易被人们理解(easier to find meaning)。
除了上述较明显的比较关系词外,出题人还会使用较隐晦的表达阐述比较关系,用以干扰考生的判断。因此,在审题时还需注意下列具有隐含比较关系的表达:
prefer to…
compare to/compare with/contrast
similar to…/similarly
superior to/inferior to
unusual
同样,考生在判定题干存在比较关系后,需标记题中的比较对象并明确比较逻辑。如:
35. Teachers say they prefer suggestopedia to traditional approaches to language teaching.
– Test 1, Cambridge 7
1.确定比较对象:A – suggestopedia(暗示教学)、B – traditional approaches(传统教学方法)
2.确定比较逻辑:暗示教学比传统教学方法更受老师喜欢(teachers say they prefer)。
二、借助以下2种解题思路辅助解题:
1.题干中A、B存在比较关系但原文A、B不存在比较关系时,答案应为未提及——NOT GIVEN。
先看个简单的例子:
题干:喜茶比星爸爸贵得多。
原文:我的意中人是个盖世英雄,有一天他会踏着七彩祥云,排好几个小时的队,左手拿着喜茶,右手拿着星爸爸,送过来给我喝。
分析:题干对“喜茶”和“星爸爸”的价格进行比较,得出“喜茶”更贵的结论。而原文中虽有出现两家网红饮品店的名字,但并比较两家店的产品价格,也没有提及与钱相关的信息,由此可判断该题答案为NOT GIVEN。
再看剑桥真题:
39. It is easier to find meaning in the field of science than in the field of art.
“abstract art offers both a challenge and the freedom to play with different interpretations. In some ways, it’s not so different to science, where we are constantly looking for systems and decoding meaning so that we can view and appreciate the world in a new way.”
– Test 2,Cambridge IELTS 11
分析:
如前文提到,该题题干的比较关系是:科学的含义比艺术的含义更容易被人们理解。原文也的确提到了艺术(abstract art)和科学领域(science),但未就两个领域破译(decoding)的难易程度进行比较,所以本题答案为NOT GIVEN。
2.题干A、B存在比较关系且原文A、B也存在比较关系时,即可排除NOT GIVEN。这时,可通过对比两者的比较方式以确定答案应为TRUE/YES还是FALSE/NO:
1)如题干和原文使用相同的比较逻辑,则可判定题目答案为TRUE/YES。如:
40. In the follow-up class, the teaching activities are similar to those used in conventional classes.
“Some hours after the two-part session, there is a follow-up class at which the students are stimulated to recall the material presented. Once again the approach is indirect. The students do not focus their attention on trying to remember the vocabulary, but focus on using the language to communicate (e.g. through games or improvised dramatisations). Such methods are not unusual in language teaching. “
– Test 1, Cambridge IELTS 7
分析:
通过题干中similar to(隐含比较关系)可判定本题为比较关系—— follow-up classes(跟进课堂)和conventional classes(传统课堂)两者的教学活动相似。很多同学会由于原文没有明显对比词就两者的教学活动进行比较而误判为NOT GIVEN。但原文第3句介绍了跟进课堂为“not focus their attention on trying to remember the vocabulary, but focus on using the language to communicate(不死记单词,用语言来交流)”;且第4句提到这些方法“not unusual(不罕见)”,即这些方法十分常见。由此可推断跟进课堂使用了与传统语言教学相似(similar)的教学方法,比较逻辑一致,可判定答案为 TRUE。
2)若题干和原文的比较逻辑相反或相斥,则可判定答案为FALSE/NO。如:
40. A manager’s approval of an idea is more persuasive than that of a colleague.
“If your project is being resisted, for example, by a group of veteran employees, ask another old-timer to speak up for it. Cialdini is not alone in advocating this strategy. Research shows that peer power, used horizontally not vertically, is much more powerful than any boss’s speech.”
– Test 1, Cambridge IELTS 10
分析:
题干就比较对象manager(管理人员)以及colleague(同事)进行比较:管理人员对项目的认可比同事的more persuasive(更有说服力)。原文第1句“如果项目被资深员工否决,那就争取另一个资历更老的人的支持”,以此说明来自员工支持的重要性。下一句提到“peer power(同事的力量)”比“any boss’s speech(任何一个老板的话)”都更加有力,即同事提出的意见比老板更有说服力,与题干的比较逻辑相反,由此可判定答案为NO.
雅思考试阅读模拟试题
new weapon to fight cancer
1. British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer, which kills tumours by infecting them with viruses like the common cold.
2. If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects.
3. Leonard Seymour, a professor of gene therapy at Oxford University, who has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues in London and the US, will lead the trials later this year. Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour's pioneering techniques.
4. One of the country's leading geneticists, Prof Seymour has been working with viruses that kill cancer cells directly, while avoiding harm to healthy tissue. “In principle, you've got something which could be many times more effective than regular chemotherapy,” he said.
5. Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress the body's local immune system. “If a cancer doesn't do that, the immune system wipes it out. If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there's no immune system to stop them replicating. You can regard it as the cancer's Achilles' heel.”
6. Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer. “They replicate, you get a million copies in each cell and the cell bursts and they infect the tumour cells adjacent and repeat the process,” said Prof Seymour.
7. Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drugs. “It's an interesting possibility that they may have an advantage in killing drug-resistant tumours, which could be quite different to anything we've had before.”
8. Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumours but this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread throughout the body.
9. Prof Seymour's innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body's immune system, effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do - spread through the blood and reach tumours wherever they are. The big hurdle has always been to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours via the bloodstream without the body's immune system destroying them on the way.
10. “What we've done is make chemical modifications to the virus to put a polymer coat around it - it's a stealth virus when you inject it,” he said.
11. After the stealth virus infects the tumour, it replicates, but the copies do not have the chemical modifications. If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body's immune system.
12. The therapy would be especially useful for secondary cancers, called metastases, which sometimes spread around the body after the first tumour appears. “There's an awful statistic of patients in the west ... with malignant cancers; 75% of them go on to die from metastases,” said Prof Seymour.
13. Two viruses are likely to be examined in the first clinical trials: adenovirus, which normally causes a cold-like illness, and vaccinia, which causes cowpox and is also used in the vaccine against smallpox. For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses.
14. The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed. Several more years of trials will be needed, eventually also on the polymer-coated viruses, before the therapy can be considered for use in the NHS. Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, Prof Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers.
Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 1-6 write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage
1.Virus therapy, if successful, has an advantage in eliminating side-effects.
2.Cancer Research UK is quite hopeful about Professor Seymour’s work on the virus therapy.
3.Virus can kill cancer cells and stop them from growing again.
4.Cancer’s Achilles’ heel refers to the fact that virus may stay safely in a tumor and replicate.
5.To infect the cancer cells, a good deal of viruses should be injected into the tumor.
6.Researches on animals indicate that virus could be used as a new way to treat drug-resistant tumors.
Question 7-9 Based on the reading passage, choose the appropriate letter from A-D for each answer.
7.Information about researches on viruses killing tumor cells can be found
(A) on TV
(B) in magazines
(C) on internet
(D) in newspapers
8.To treat tumors spreading out in body, researchers try to
(A) change the body’ immune system
(B) inject chemotherapy drugs into bloodstream.
(C) increase the amount of injection
(D) disguise the viruses on the way to tumors.
9.When the chemical modified virus in tumor replicates, the copies
(A) will soon escape from the tumor and spread out.
(B) will be wiped out by the body’s immune system.
(C) will be immediately recognized by the researchers.
(D) will eventually stop the tumor from spreading out.
雅思考试阅读模拟试题
Questions 10-13 Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words. You can only use each word once.
NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them all.
In the first clinical trials, scientists will try to ……10…… adenovirus and vaccinia, so both the viruses will be less pathogenic than the ……11…….These uncoated viruses will be applied directly to certain areas to confirm safety on human beings and the right ……12…… needed. The experiments will firstly be ……13……to the treatment of certain cancers
List of Words
dosage responding smallpox virus
disable natural ones inject
directed treatment cold-like illness
kill patients examined
Answers Keys:
1.答案:FALSE (见第2段:If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects. Virus therapy 只能避免一些副作用,而不是根除。)
2.答案:TRUE (见第3段,特别是最后一句: Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour's pioneering techniques. )
3. 答案:NOT GIVEN (文中没有提到virus可以抑制肿瘤细胞再生长)
4. 答案:TRUE (见第5段第3、4句: 这里“cancer’s Achilles' heel”指 “If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there's no immune system to stop them replicating.” Achilles' heel的意思是“唯一致命弱点”)
5. 答案:FALSE (见第6段第第1句:Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer.)
6. 答案:TRUE (见第7段:Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drug. ……, which could be quite different to anything we've had before.“ )
7. 答案:B (见第8段第1、2句:Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. Journal意思是“日报、期刊、杂志”)
8. 答案:D (见第9段第1句:Prof Seymour's innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body's immune system, …… “mask”的意思是“掩盖、隐蔽、伪装”, 在这里和 “disguise”同义。)
9. 答案:B (见第11段第2句: If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body's immune system.. “mop up”这里与 “wipe out” 同义,意思是“消灭、歼灭”。)
10.答案:disable (见第13段最后1句:For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. )
11. 答案:natural ones (见第13段最后1句:For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. )
12. 答案:dosage (见第14段第1句:The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed.)
13. 答案:directed (见第14段最后1句:Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, …)
篇5:剑桥雅思阅读真题解析判断题型解题方法
剑桥雅思阅读真题解析判断题型解题方法
一、判断题题干有表示比较关系的词,考生需注意题目重点考察比较关系。
常见的比较关系词:
比较级:more/ less /adj-er than…
同级比较:as…as…/the same as…/equal/ like
试题中若出现以上比较关系词,需标记题中的比较对象(A 、B),并明确比较逻辑(如A比B更聪明),即可快速完成审题。如:
39. It is easier to find meaning in the field of science than in the field of art.
– Test 2, Cambridge IELTS 11
审题步骤:
1.确定比较对象:A – field of science (科学领域)、B – field of art (艺术领域)
2.确定比较逻辑:科学的含义比艺术的含义更容易被人们理解(easier to find meaning)。
除了上述较明显的比较关系词外,出题人还会使用较隐晦的表达阐述比较关系,用以干扰考生的判断。因此,在审题时还需注意下列具有隐含比较关系的表达:
prefer to…
compare to/compare with/contrast
similar to…/similarly
superior to/inferior to
unusual
同样,考生在判定题干存在比较关系后,需标记题中的比较对象并明确比较逻辑。如:
35. Teachers say they prefer suggestopedia to traditional approaches to language teaching.
– Test 1, Cambridge 7
1.确定比较对象:A – suggestopedia(暗示教学)、B – traditional approaches(传统教学方法)
2.确定比较逻辑:暗示教学比传统教学方法更受老师喜欢(teachers say they prefer)。
二、借助以下2种解题思路辅助解题:
1.题干中A、B存在比较关系但原文A、B不存在比较关系时,答案应为未提及——NOT GIVEN。
先看个简单的例子:
题干:喜茶比星爸爸贵得多。
原文:我的意中人是个盖世英雄,有一天他会踏着七彩祥云,排好几个小时的队,左手拿着喜茶,右手拿着星爸爸,送过来给我喝。
分析:题干对“喜茶”和“星爸爸”的价格进行比较,得出“喜茶”更贵的结论。而原文中虽有出现两家网红饮品店的名字,但并比较两家店的产品价格,也没有提及与钱相关的信息,由此可判断该题答案为NOT GIVEN。
再看剑桥真题:
39. It is easier to find meaning in the field of science than in the field of art.
“abstract art offers both a challenge and the freedom to play with different interpretations. In some ways, it’s not so different to science, where we are constantly looking for systems and decoding meaning so that we can view and appreciate the world in a new way.”
– Test 2,Cambridge IELTS 11
分析:
如前文提到,该题题干的比较关系是:科学的含义比艺术的含义更容易被人们理解。原文也的确提到了艺术(abstract art)和科学领域(science),但未就两个领域破译(decoding)的难易程度进行比较,所以本题答案为NOT GIVEN。
2.题干A、B存在比较关系且原文A、B也存在比较关系时,即可排除NOT GIVEN。这时,可通过对比两者的比较方式以确定答案应为TRUE/YES还是FALSE/NO:
1)如题干和原文使用相同的比较逻辑,则可判定题目答案为TRUE/YES。如:
40. In the follow-up class, the teaching activities are similar to those used in conventional classes.
“Some hours after the two-part session, there is a follow-up class at which the students are stimulated to recall the material presented. Once again the approach is indirect. The students do not focus their attention on trying to remember the vocabulary, but focus on using the language to communicate (e.g. through games or improvised dramatisations). Such methods are not unusual in language teaching. “
– Test 1, Cambridge IELTS 7
分析:
通过题干中similar to(隐含比较关系)可判定本题为比较关系—— follow-up classes(跟进课堂)和conventional classes(传统课堂)两者的教学活动相似。很多同学会由于原文没有明显对比词就两者的教学活动进行比较而误判为NOT GIVEN。但原文第3句介绍了跟进课堂为“not focus their attention on trying to remember the vocabulary, but focus on using the language to communicate(不死记单词,用语言来交流)”;且第4句提到这些方法“not unusual(不罕见)”,即这些方法十分常见。由此可推断跟进课堂使用了与传统语言教学相似(similar)的教学方法,比较逻辑一致,可判定答案为 TRUE。
2)若题干和原文的比较逻辑相反或相斥,则可判定答案为FALSE/NO。如:
40. A manager’s approval of an idea is more persuasive than that of a colleague.
“If your project is being resisted, for example, by a group of veteran employees, ask another old-timer to speak up for it. Cialdini is not alone in advocating this strategy. Research shows that peer power, used horizontally not vertically, is much more powerful than any boss’s speech.”
– Test 1, Cambridge IELTS 10
分析:
题干就比较对象manager(管理人员)以及colleague(同事)进行比较:管理人员对项目的认可比同事的more persuasive(更有说服力)。原文第1句“如果项目被资深员工否决,那就争取另一个资历更老的人的支持”,以此说明来自员工支持的重要性。下一句提到“peer power(同事的力量)”比“any boss’s speech(任何一个老板的话)”都更加有力,即同事提出的意见比老板更有说服力,与题干的比较逻辑相反,由此可判定答案为NO.
雅思阅读高频长难句
雅思考试的阅读部分,对于很多人来说,在很短的时间里完成800-1200词汇的阅读和解答是有一定难度的。若想快速的、高效率的完成题目解答也是有一定技巧的。下面小编为大家做了详细介绍,希望对大家备考雅思阅读有帮助。
英语的基本句式结构其实很简单:主谓宾和主系表。主谓宾是“谁-做-什么”,例如:比如“羊吃草”;“洁白可爱的小绵羊蹦蹦跳跳欢快活泼地在一望无垠的广阔草原上幸福愉快地吃着鲜嫩碧绿的青草”一样也是主谓宾,只不过多了一些修饰的词,句子的核心意思还是“羊吃草”。主系表是“谁-是-什么”,同主谓宾一样。在阅读中我们要很快的找出核心句子,不用每句话的意思都懂,但要知道这句话要表达的核心意思,即找到主谓宾或主系表的主体。
针对这两种句式结构抓主干,即把复杂的长难句转化成简单的句子。
主谓宾结构:寻找谓语动词
主系表结构:寻找系动词
也就是说,无论哪种句式,我们都要在心里默念寻找动词这个原则,以模糊匹配的方式来对应最有意义的那个动词,进而确认动词之前的主语和动词之后的宾语或表语。
一个句子之所以能够拉长,除了在一个简单句中加上许多修饰成分之外,还有可能是长出了枝干—也就是加了从句,或者是由连词和平衡结构把若干简单句合并在了一起。雅思长难句最频繁出现的情况包括如下几种:
定语从句:that, which(介词+which), who,…
状语从句:v+ing
寻找平衡结构:三大连词 and/or/but,
not only…but also…
not…but…
no more/longer/less …than
as…as
not so …as… . . .
还有一种特殊主系表值得单独说一说:
There be句型:寻找中心词
这个句型之所以特殊,是因为系动词和表语都已经以倒装的形式给出来了,欠缺的只是一个主语中心词而已,因此我们看到了there be开头的句子,一定先集中精力寻找到那个中心点。此外,这个句子是一些同学在雅思作文考场上易犯错误的地方。在时间紧迫的压力下,可能会有同学不自觉地受到了中文思维的影响,写出诸如“There are many people do something.”此类的句子,如果在模拟考试的时候发现自己曾经犯过这类笔误,建议大家在考场上给自己留出1、2分钟的检查时间来。检查方法也很简单,把there be两个词遮住,如果剩下的部分还能读出一个完整的句子来,则原本的句子必定是有问题的,可以迅速把there be这两个词擦掉。
除了be动词外,还有一些there be形式的变体:
There come/comes/came
There appear/appears/appeared
There emerge/emerges/emerged
There may/might be
There can/could be
There happen to be
There used to be
There is/are going to be
其中后两个句子中说到的情况一定是不存于当下的,在判断题(TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN)中容易被揪出来做文章,出题思路是细节不一致的类型,答案多为FALSE。
雅思阅读常见失分点整理
雅思阅读考试失分点一:遇到生词,束手无策,无法正常进行阅读和做题
雅思阅读考试文章来源于国外原版的期刊或杂志,话题覆盖面广,科技,自然,环保,社会,文化,工作,生物,地理等无不涉及,所以遇到生词在情理之中。但一部分烤鸭遇到生词后就信心全失,慌乱至极,打破了自己原有的阅读节奏和速度,做题时也因为生词被卡壳,结果题目不仅没有解出,还影响了后面的做题速度和时间,可谓“一发动而迁全身”。对此,专家认为,生词的出现在所难免,只要大家有基本的词汇量,完全可以将生词的问题逐一击破。
A. 有时候生词属于比较专业的词汇,它们的出现不是为了考察考生的词汇量,更多的是检阅大家的应变和判断能力。尤其在题目中出现的所谓生词,更是可以坏事变好事,成为考生定位答案的线索词。
比如:在剑桥7 “Why pagodas don't fall down”一文,5-10题的分类题中第6题“tiles on eaves”,很可能考生在三个单词中有两个都不认识,这时候如何是好呢?首先,先观察这两个生词的词性。在介词“on”的前后,且分别加了“s”, 可以判断是名词。在这篇建筑类的文章中论及我们不认识的名词,想必不是日常词汇,所以完全可以把“tiles”和“eaves”作为定位词去原文寻找答案。
B. 有时候生词的含义可以在上下文中直接得到。在雅思阅读文章时遇到的生词,有相当一部分的含义可以通过多种猜测单词的方法得到,所以,在生词的周围或上下文寻找其解释不失为有效途径。
例如,剑桥4的文章“How much higher? How much faster?”中,有这样一个句子:“One of the most important new methodologies is biomechanics, the study of the body in motion.” “biomechanics”这个单词从构词法上看,我们只能够知道其和生物有关,此时,看后面的同位语部分就能很好的帮我们解释这个词的意思,直接且易懂,即对身体在运动状态下的研究。
雅思阅读考试失分点二:不能权衡做题的优先性,无法把握做题时间
很多烤鸭在面对雅思阅读考试时,都会感叹时间不够,有的考生会剩下半篇文章没有读完,更有甚者,一个小时只够用来做两篇文章。其中做题速度无法达到要求的原因有很多,词汇量,阅读方法,做题技巧无一不是。此外,还有一个很重要的因素:不会取舍,不会衡量做题的优先性。专家提示,雅思阅读3篇文章,存在难易程度的差别。考生应选择自己擅长或熟悉的话题文章优先做。而对一篇文章而言,做题顺序可以如下排布:Heading题 ---- 填空型题(表格,图示,简答,summary, 完成句子) ---- 判断题 ---- 选择型题(单选,多选),平均每篇文章的做题时间控制在20min, 如时间到,还有少量题目(1-2题)没有做完,可放宽少许时间完成。若还余留多题未完成,建议先舍弃,做下一篇文章,因为不排除下一篇文章,看似文章话题难,但题目容易的情况。难度系数高的题目在每个人面前都一样,我们希望确保容易的题目百分百的拿下。
雅思阅读考试失分点三:对题目考点把握不清,不知如何确定keywords
很多考生在平时的练习和考场上面对划keywords总是单一的跟着感觉走,或是将一道题目中大部分的词都划下来作为keywords, 完全失了方向和重点,直接导致答案很难在原文锁定。所以,keywords是对题目的浓缩,也是题目的线索词,更是考点。考生们应该在平时的课堂和练习中,多加总结考点词的特点,以达到用一到两个词就涵盖整个题目的效果。利用keywords定位答案,更集中目标,更有方向性。
例如:在剑桥7,“Why pagodas don't fall down”的分类题中,“size of eaves up to half width of the building”, 这道题目看似比较长,信息多,其实如果了解数字是一个考点,就能果断划出half这个keywords, 并且根据做题经验,预测到其在原文必定会变换形式成fifty percent。如果在原文寻找答案前就把握了以上这些,找起来自然速度快了许多。
无论考试还是练习,错误在所难免,失分也是情理之中,但如果我们能从失分点中获得经验和新的认知,失分点会骤变为优势。雅思阅读的提高不仅仅是话题单词的记忆,题型技巧的掌握,如果能从错误中学习总结,相信会更加有效。
篇6:雅思阅读解析之各类题型技巧
雅思阅读解析:判断题
判断题是雅思阅读一个难点题型,首先考生要明确一点,究竟是TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN还是YES/NO/NOT GIVEN,因为审题不清失分的现象太严重,小站雅思君这里还要再次强调一下。
关于Not Given和False的区别,这里有一个技巧,Not Given字面意思是无法推理获得,true和false之间判定是可以在题干中加not,判定是否符合原意,但是not given不具备这种条件。
Not given因为是没有直观的证据支持题干,所以它的特征是没有比较,明显的或者隐形的比较都没有,比较级、最高级都不行。
雅思阅读解析:细节配对题
雅思细节配对题的题目会提示:NB: any letter /word can be used more than once,也就是说题目中的答案是可以重复的,题干既然说了会重复,那么考生们要注意有些选项是不会被用到,必然是有选项是重复的情况,那么在做关键词定的时候,要注意定位信息是否会重复用到。
雅思阅读解析:选择题
选择题在雅思阅读中的占比较大,也是考生备考复习的重点题型,先来看一下雅思阅读选择题的特点:1.考察细节。选择题主要考察的是考生对于文章细节的定位和把握,考生需要抓住题干信息中的关键词,迅速在文中定位到答案。
2.顺序原则。选择题还是一句文章顺序出题,所以考生如果遇到定位困难,可以在两题之间缩小搜寻答案的范围。
3.多选题的答案相对集中。多选题的答案在原文中并是比较集中的,考生的搜寻定位范围就缩小很多。
篇7:雅思阅读解析之各类题型技巧
填空题也是雅思阅读的主要题型,建议考生从几个方面考虑,先读题,找出关键词,判断词性,定位文章关键段落位置。找不到关键词的情况下,可以更具上下题目缩小范围,再利用同义词替换的方法,精准定位。
雅思阅读同义词转换:剑八test1
1. agree=concur=go along with=fall in with=go with v.同意
2. sceptic and advocate=different attitude 不同的看法
3. significance=impressive=meaning=sense n.重要性
4. meditation: the practice of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings, in order to relax completely or for religious reasons n.冥想,沉思
5. parapsychology: the scientific study of mysterious abilities that some people claim to have, such as knowing what will happen in the future n.通灵学
6. environment=condition=light, sound, warmth=situation=circumstance n.环境
7. alter=change=revise=make changes v. 改变
8. trial=experiment=test n.实验
9. success rate=positive result=achievement=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就
10. pick out=identify=recognize=know=tell v.认出,识别
11. limit=minimize=maximum=the most=ceiling=cut-off point v.限制
12. different=individual=not like=vary=not the same=contrast with=diverse adj.独特的
13. invention=device=creation=innovation n.发明,装置
14. cold temperature=freezing weather=chilly=frosty=wintry=cold snap adj.寒冷的
15. farming=agriculture n.农业
16. simultaneous=at the same time=together=at once=at one time adj.同时的
17. uniform=equal=homogeneous adj.均衡的
18. devise=formulate=invent=create=come up with=make up=conceive=coin=dream up v.创造
19. civil=municipal=metropolitan adj.城市的
20. divide=split=separate=break up=break down=take apart=take something to piece v. 分开
21. new=revolutionary=original=innovation=fresh=novel=be in its infancy adj.新的,革命的
22. create=introduce=invent=make sth. do sth.=be the cause=lead to sth. v..发明
23. organize=co-ordinate=arrange=set out=put something in order=line up v.组织,使协调
24. public event=communal activity 公众、社交活动
25. aviation disaster=sky accident=air crash 空难
26. prompt=result in=lead to=make somebody do something=cause somebody to do something=lead somebody to do something=motivate=induce somebody to do something v. 导致
27. resemble=like=similar=alike=much the same=comparable v.类似
28. oversimplify=incomplete=simplistic=generalize=see things in black and white adj. 过于简化的,不完整的
29. altitude=from…meters above the ground=height=how high=level n.高度
30. zone=airspace=region=area=district=quarter=block=suburb n.区域
31. weather=meteorological=climate=condition n.气候
32. categorize=class / type=sort=classify=be grouped=grade v.分类
33. create=establish=invent=start up=open=set up=found=inception v.创建
34. beacon and flashing=light=beam n.灯光
35. improve=develop=evolve=get better=catch up=pick up=things are looking up v.发展,进化
36. aircraft=plane=by air n.飞机
37. average-sized=medium-sized adj. 中等的
38. city=metropolitan=urban=town=village=civic=municipal=downtown n.城市
39. pendulum : a long metal stick with a weight at the bottom that swings regularly from side to side to control the working of a clock n.钟摆
40. coincidental : happening completely by chance without being planned adj.巧合的
41. disobey : to refuse to do what someone with authority tells you to do, or refuse to obey a rule or law v.不服从
雅思阅读同义词转换:剑八test2
drastically : extreme and sudden adv.彻底地
carry out : subject to : 使服从
remain=stay=keep=continue to be=still v.保持
detect=inspect=examine=notice=spot=become aware / conscious=note=conserve=perceive v.检查
fault=flaw=defect=trouble=bug=virus=be something wrong with=be something matter with n.缺陷,缺点
enough=sufficient=adequate=cover=meet somebody's need adj.足够的
main=largely=principal=chief=major=key=primary=prime=predominant=core adj.主要的:
documentation=written account=evidence=proof n.证明
shift=switch=transfer=move=jerk v.转换
consistent=lasting=stay the same=constant=unchanging adj.持续的
drought=no rain at all=dry=dusty adj.干旱的
period=cycle=era=age n.年代
random=arbitrary=at random adj.随机的
molten=hot=heat=boiling / boiling hot=scalding / scalding hot adj.熔化的
intense=strong=passionate=powerful=deep adj.强烈的
discover=explore=find / unearth=turn up v.开发,发现
pattern=trade / commodity=business n.贸易
relate to=associate with=link to / connect to=identify with 联系
feeling=emotional response / sensory=a sense of=passion n. 感觉
unappreciated=undervalued adj.低估的
difficult=elusive=hard / tough=easier said than done adj.困难的,难懂的
study=research=analyse=do/conduct research v.研究
smell=odour=scent n.气味
interpretation=be considered to be=understanding=reading n.理解
define=distinguish=tell the difference v.使明确
damage=impair=break=do/cause damage=scratch v.损害
realize=consciously consider=occur to=become aware=sink in=strike=hit=wake up to the fact that v.想到
reveal=show=demonstrate=let somebody see=present=expose=let somebody take a look v.显示
to be defined=unanswered 无答案的
husbands and wives=marriage partner / spouse=couple=newlyweds夫妇
linguistic=language n.语言
describe=name=express=give a description of=talk about=write about=give an account of=tell of v.描述
lack=do not exist=not enough=scarce=inadequate=insufficient=in short supply v.缺乏的
do not smell=odorless 没有气味的
regard as=consider to 把…认作
unpleasant=offensive=horrible / disgusting / revolting=not very nice=nasty adj.极讨厌的
certain=some=a measure of adj.一些
correspond=be consist of=coincide=match up v.一致
relevance n.关联
float=afloat v.浮动
雅思阅读
篇8:雅思阅读之摘要填空题型解析
小站名师讲解雅思阅读之摘要填空题型解析
一、无选项summary的特征
1、主要针对文章的某一段或某几段的主要内容进行概括或改写,上下句之间有一定的联系。
2、每个空格的间隔时近时远,例如剑7 T1 P1的summary就定位在D段一段中,而剑5 T1 P1的则分散在四个段落中,由此可见定位准确是解题的关键步骤。但考生们不用着急,一般summary的定位还是比较容易的,且大部分是涉及到原文的两三段。即使某道题比较难找到,也可以先做summary的其他题,切勿因小失大。
3、一般是顺序原则,较少乱序。
4、填的答案多是原文原词,很少需要改变语态和词性,相对简单。
二、解题步骤
1、阅读文章的大标题和小标题。其实拿到一篇文章,不论有哪些题型,第一步都要阅读文章的大标题和小标题,大致掌握文章主题和推测文章的写作思路和结构。
2、仔细审题。 (1)注意字数限制(Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. ),一般有只能填一个、不超过两个和不超过三个单词。(2)有时题目会明确告知summary在原文中的起始段落。
3、根据summary的小标题或者首句,回原文确定起始位置。
4、划出第一题的定位词和关键词(指紧挨着空格的并且肯定会被同义替换的单词)。
5、通过关键词及空格前后的逻辑关系来推测所填词的语法特征。(1)常考词性有名词、形容词、动词和副词,但主要以“名词和形容词”为主,在剑桥真题5-9中的summary共63个,名词58个占92%,形容词5个占8%。(2)如果所填词是名词,还可以进一步去预测是人还是物,单复数,有时甚至能推测出是具体物还是抽象物,但还是要根据实际情况而定,不要为了预测而硬预测。
6、回到原文,通过略读定位到题目位置。
7、精读定位词所在的句子,一定要读完整。
8、对应关键词和逻辑关系后,通过语法来确定答案。
9、继续下一题。
三、解题TIPS
1、一定要注意字数限制。有不少考生会因为初次考试紧张而忘记审题,同样的问题在判断题的TRUE和YES中也有体现。
2、如果在题目或者原文中看到this,that,those,these,it等指代词,一定要把指代词的内容搞清楚,因为指代词往往是考点,或者通过指代词所指内容能提示解题。
3、如果定位词所在句子找不到关键词的同义替换或逻辑关系,一般可以往下看一句,最多往下看两句。
4、因为是顺序出题,所以实在是有定位不到的题要学会放弃,先做下一题,然后在上下两题的定位之间再寻找一次。
总而言之,无选项summary是考生必须要得到分数的题型。解题步骤大致为了解文章主题,审题,圈划定位词和关键词,预测语法特征,回原文精读。除了熟练掌握做题步骤和技巧之外,基础语法和同义替换也是加快做题速度,提高正确率的利剑。每次做完题都要认真分析错误原因,是定位不准确,同义替换没背出还是句意或逻辑关系理解错误,并积累每道题目(不论对错)和题目对应原文句子的生词和同义替换。考生不能太过沉迷于技巧,毕竟扎实的基本功和踏实的学习态度才是通过雅思,成功打开国外理想大学大门的钥匙。
雅思阅读机经真题解析--Cosmetics In Ancient Past
A
Since cosmetics and perfumes are still in wide use today, it is interesting to compare the attitudes, customs and beliefs related to them in ancient times to those of our own day and age. Cosmetics and perfumes have been popular since the dawn of civilization; it is shown by the discovery of a great deal of pertinent archeological material, dating from the third millennium BC. Mosaics, glass perfume flasks, stone vessels, ovens, cooking-pots, clay jars, etc., some inscribed by the hand of the artisan. evidence also appears in the Bible and other classical writings, where it is written that spices and perfumes were prestigious products known throughout the ancient world and coveted by kings and princes. The written and pictorial descriptions, as well as archaeological findings, all show how important body care and aesthetic appearance were in the lives of the ancient people. The chain of evidence spans many centuries, detailing the usage of cosmetics in various cultures from the earliest period of recorded history.
B
In antiquity, however, at least in the onset, cosmetics served in religious ceremonies and for healing purposes. Cosmetics were also connected with cultic worship and witchcraft: to appease the various gods, fragrant ointments were applied to the statuary images and even to their attendants. From this, in the course of time, developed the custom of personal use, to enhance the beauty of the face and the body, and to conceal defects.
C
Perfumes and fragrant spices were precious commodities in antiquity, very much in demand, and at times even exceeded silver and gold in value. Therefore they were luxury products, used mainly in the temples and in the homes of the noble and the wealthy. The Judean kings kept them in treasure houses (2 Kings 20:13).And the Queen of Sheba brought to Solomon ”camels laden with spices, gold in great quantity and precious stones.“ (1 Kings 10:2,10). However, within time, the use of cosmetics became the custom of that period. The use of cosmetics became widespread among the lower classes as well as among the wealthy; in the same way they washed the body, so they used to care for the body with substances that softened the skin and anoint it with fragrant oils and ointments.
D
Facial treatment was highly developed and women devoted many hours to it. They used to spread various scented creams on the face and to apply makeup in vivid and contrasting colors. An Egyptian papyrus from the 16th century BC contains detailed recipes to remove blemishes, wrinkles, and other signs of age. Greek and Roman women would cover their faces in the evening with a ”beauty mask“ to remove blemishes, which consisted mainly of flour mixed with fragrant spices, leaving it on their face all night. The next morning they would wash it off with asses' milk. The very common creams used by women in the ancient Far East, particularly important in the hot climate and prevalent in that area of the globe, were made up of oils and aromatic scents. Sometimes the oil in these creams was extracted from olives, almonds, gourds, sesame, or from trees and plants; but, for those of limited means, scented animal and fish fats were commonly used.
E
Women in ancient past commonly put colors around their eyes. Besides beautification, its purpose was also medicinal as covering the sensitive skin of the lids with colored ointments that prevented dryness and eye diseases: the eye-paint repelled the little flies that transmitted eye inflammations. Egyptian women colored the upper eyelid black and the lower one green, and painted the space between the upper lid and the eyebrow gray or blue. The women of Mesopotamia favored yellows and reds. The use of kohl for painting the eyes is mentioned three times in the Bible, always with disapproval by the sages (2 Kings, 9:30; Jeremiah 4:30; Ezekiel 23:40). In contrast, Job names one of his daughters “Keren Happukh” —“horn of eye paint” (Job 42:14)
F
Great importance was attached to the care for hair in ancient times. Long hair was always considered a symbol of beauty, and kings, nobles and dignitaries grew their hair long and kept it well-groomed and cared for. Women devoted much time to the style of the hair, while not culling, they would apply much care to it by arranging it skillfully in plaits and ”building it up“ sometimes with the help of wigs. Egyptian women generally wore their hair flowing down to their shoulders or even longer. In Mesopotamia, women cherished long hair as a part of their beauty, and hair flowing down their backs in a thick plait and tied with a ribbon is seen in art. Assyrian women wore their hair shorter, braiding and binding it in a bun at the back. In Ancient Israel, brides would wear their hair long on the wedding day as a sign of their virginity. Ordinary people and slaves, however, usually wore their hair short, mainly for hygienic reasons, since they could not afford to invest in the kind of treatment that long hair required.
G
From the Bible and Egyptian and Assyrian sources, as well as the words of classical authors, it appears that the centers of the trade in aromatic resins and incense were located in the kingdom of Arabia, and even as far as India, where some of these precious aromatic plants were grown. ”Dealers from Sheba and Rammah dealt with you, offering the choicest spices...“ (Ezekiel 27:22). The Nabateans functioned as the important middlemen in this trade; Palestine also served as a very important component, as the trade routes crisscrossed the country. It is known that the Egyptian Queen Hatsheput (15th century BC) sent a royal expedition to the Land of Punt (Somalia) in order to bring back myrrh seedlings to plant in her temple. In Assyrian records of tribute and spoils of war, perfumes and resins are mentioned; the text from the time of Tukulti-Ninurta II (890-884 BC) refers to balls of myrrh as part of the tribute brought to the Assyrian king by the Aramaean kings. The trade in spices and perfumes is also mentioned in the Bible as written in Genesis (37:25-26), ”Camels carrying gum tragacanth and balm and myrrh".
Questions 15-21
Reading Passage 2 has 7 paragraphs A-G.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write your answers in boxes 15-21 on your answer sheet.
15 recipes to conceal facial defects caused by aging
16 perfumes were presented to conquerors in war
17 long hair of girls had special meanings in marriage
18 evidence exists in abundance showing cosmetics use in ancient times
19 protecting eyes from fly-transmitted diseases
20 from witchcraft to beautification
21 more expensive than gold
Questions 22-27
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 22-27 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
22 The written record for cosmetics and perfumes dates back to the third millennium BC.
23 Since perfumes and spices were luxury products, their use was exclusive to the noble and the wealthy.
24 In ancient Far East, fish fats were used as cream by women from poor households.
25 The teachings in the Bible were repeatedly against the use of kohl for painting the eyes.
26 Long hair as a symbol of beauty was worn solely by women of ancient cultures.
27 The Egyptian Queen Hatsheput sent a royal expedition to Punt to establish a trade route for myrrh.
文章题目:古代化妆
篇章结构
体裁论说文
题目古代化妆
结构A段:化妆品和香水在古代就已经非常流行
B段:化妆品最早用于宗教和治疗目的
C段:香水和香料在古代是奢侈品,但仍被广泛使用
D段:古时面部护理十分发达,女性广泛使用面霜和面膜
E段:古代女性也将色彩涂在眼睛周围
F段:古代人们非常重视头发的保养
G段:古代的香料运输及贸易
试题分析
Question 1题目类型:
题号定位词文中对应点题目解析
15 recipe; age D段第四句D段主要在讲古代女性非常重视面部护理,第三句话提到一份埃及莎草纸上记载了去除面部瑕疵的方法,这句话中的recipes to remove blemishes...other signs of age可以对应题干中的recipe和facial defects caused by aging,故此题选D。
16 perfumes; conquerors in war G段倒数第二句G段主要描述古代香料运输和贸易,倒数第二句的records of tribute and spoils of war可以对应题干中的were presented to conquerors in war,而perfumes也是相互对应,故此题选G.
17 long hair of girls; marriage F段倒数第二句F段的主旨古代对头发的重视,而倒数第二句话讲到在古代以色列,新娘在婚礼上披着长发以示贞洁,这一句中的brides would their hair long on wedding day as a sign of their virginity和题干中的long hair of girls, special meaning, marriage对应,故此题选F。
18 in abundance;
cosmetics use;
ancient time A段第二句话A段第二句话中的cosmetics have been popular since the dawn of civilization 对应题干的cosmetics use和ancient time;the discovery of a great deal of pertinent archeological material 对应in abundance,故此题选A。
19 eyes; fly-transmitted diseases E段第二句只有E段讲到了眼部化妆,所以答案要在本段找。第二句话末尾处的the eye-paint repelled the little flies that transmitted aye inflammations可以对应题干的关键词,故此题选E。
20 witch craft;beautification B段的第二、三句B段讲到了化妆品最早是用于宗教和治疗目的,之后慢慢开始个人使用,本段是主旨和题干中的witchcraft和beautification对应,故此题选B。
21 more expensive than gold C段第一句C段第一句末尾处提到perfumes at times even exceeded silver and gold in value和题干的信息完全对应,故此题选C。
22 the third millennium BCA段文中并未提到有关香水香料相关记载的具体时间,所以这个信息属于未提及,NOT GIVEN。
23 exclusive C段最后一句题干提到香料仅用于贵族和富人,而C段最后一句的the use of cosmetics became widespread among the lower classes as well as among the wealthy说明穷人也同样使用香料,故此题是FALSE。
24 fish fats; cream D段最后一句题干中的关键词可以和最后一句话中的for those of limited means, scented animal and fish fats were commonly used对应,故此题是TRUE。
25 Bible; the use of kohl for painting the eyes E段倒数第二句E段提及了眼部化妆,倒数第二句中的the use of kohl for painting the eyes is mentioned three times in the Bible和题干对应,故此题TRUE。
26 was worn solely be women
F段第二句F段重点在讲古代人对头发的护理,第二句话中的long hair was always considered a symbol of beauty, and kings, nobles and dignitaries grew their hair long与题干中的worn solely be women矛盾,故此题FALSE。
27 establish a trade route for myrrh G段第三句第三句话提到in order to bring back myrrh seedlings to plant in her temple,并未提到establish a trade route,故此题NOT GIVEN。
参考译文:
古代化妆
A 由于化妆品和香水至今仍在广泛使用,因此,与此相关的一些看法、风俗和信仰的古今比较就显得十分有趣。在文明初期,化妆品和香水就已经十分流行。大量相关的考古学文明的发现表明了这一点。这些物品可追溯至公元前三世纪——细颈的马赛克玻璃香水瓶,石质容器,炉子,烹饪器,黏土罐等等。有些还有工匠亲手刻的名字。在圣经及其它经典著作中也能找到这样的证据,书中描述道:在古代,众所周知香料与香水是享誉盛名的产品。国王和王子都对齐梦寐以求。书面和绘画的描述,以及考古学上的发现,都表明了身体的保养和外貌的美感在古代人们的生活中是多么的重要。这条证据链跨越了数个世纪,详细描述了自有离职记载以来,在不同文化中化妆品的使用方式。
B 然而,在古代,至少是在古代初期,化妆品只用于宗教仪式或以治疗为目的的行为中。化妆品也和宗教崇拜与巫术联系在一起:为安抚不同的神,他们的雕像,甚至是随从的侍者,都会被涂上香膏。经过一段时间之后,为了面部和身体美感的增加以及瑕疵的掩盖,化妆品逐渐发展为个人使用的物品。
C 香水和香料在古代需求很大但十分珍贵,有时甚至超过了金银的价值。因此,它们属于奢侈品,大多用于寺庙或贵族及富人的家里。犹太国王将它们和珍贵的财产放在一起;所罗门示巴女王把物品带到所罗门时, “用骆驼满载香料,大量的黄金和珍贵的宝石。”然而,在那段时间里,化妆品的使用成为惯例,在上层的社会和下层社会被广泛使用。他们用同样的方式沐浴,使用某些物品来软化肌肤,再涂上香油或香膏。
D 那时候,面部护理高度发达,女性对其投入了大量的时间。她们在脸上抹上不同香味的面霜,再化上鲜艳色彩的妆容。在公园前16世纪,一份埃及的纸莎草上详细地记载了去除瑕疵、皱纹及其它衰老迹象的方法。希腊和罗马的女性会在夜间将脸上涂满一种“美肤面霜”, 用于去除面部瑕疵。这种面膜主要由粉末混合香料而成,要敷在脸上一整夜,第二天早上用驴奶将其洗去。在古代的远东被女性广泛使用的面霜,在炎热的气候中尤为重要并且在那一地区十分流行。这种面霜由油和芳香味那一地区十分流行。这种面霜由油和芳香味制成。这些面霜里的油有时从橄榄、杏仁、葫芦、芝麻或者木料和植物中萃取而来。然而,这些方式十分有限,于是芳香的动物及鱼脂也常常被使用。
E 古代女性常常将色彩涂抹于眼睛周围,此举不仅为美化自己,也带有药用的目的。将有色香料遮盖在眼皮敏感肌肤处能够防止干燥及眼部疾病:眼部的油彩能够阻挡传播眼部炎症的小飞虫,埃及女性将上眼皮涂上黑色,下眼睑涂上绿色,然后将上眼皮和眉毛之间的区域涂上灰色或蓝色。美索不达米亚的女性则偏爱黄色和红色,用于给眼睛着色的眼影粉在圣经中被提及三次,并且总是伴随着圣人们对此的不赞同。与此相反,乔布给他其中一位女儿起名为“Keren Happukh”——意为“眼部色彩的象征”。
F 在古代对头发的保养也极受重视。长头发总是被视为美的象征。国王、贵族及地位显赫的人物纷纷蓄起长发并梳洗整洁、小心照料。女性投入大量时间在发型上,虽然并无修剪,但她们会悉心地将头发整齐精巧的编成辫子,有时借助假发的帮助,将头发“建造起来”埃及女性通常将头发蓄至披肩或更长。在美索不达米亚,女性将长发视为审美的一部分。将头发蓄至背部,再编一条粗辫并用缎带扎好,这被视为一门艺术。亚述的女性则留着短一些的头发,她们将头发扎成辫子并在后面束成圆髻。在古代的以色列,新娘在婚礼上要披着长长的头发以示贞洁。然而,普通人和奴隶则通常留着短发,主要是为卫生起见,因为他们无法承担起长发所需护理的花销。
G 在圣经、埃及和亚述的资料中,以及经典著作的作者记载中发现,芳香树脂及熏香的贸易中心位于南部阿拉伯王国,甚至远至印度,一些珍贵的芳香植物在这些地方生长。“从示巴和拉马来的商人用上等的香料与你交易…”。约旦纳巴泰人在这项交易中起了重要的中间人的作用。巴勒斯坦也是一个非常重要的组成部分,因为贸易路线在该国中纵横交错。据说埃及哈特谢普苏特女王〔公元前15世纪)曾派遣一支皇家探险队前往彭特之地(索马里〕,只为带问没药的幼苗以种植在她的寺院中。在亚述人贡物及战利品的记载中,提到了香水及松脂。在图库尔蒂时期的文献中提到,阿拉姆国王将没药的球状物作为贡品的一部分给予亚述国王。香料与香水的贸易在圣经力吉妮西斯的描述中也被提及,“骆驼在这黄蓍胶(用于制作珐琅制品)香膏及没药。
参考答案:
Version 22116 主题 古代化妆
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