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Module 6 Unit 1 全单元简案(译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

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篇1：Module 6 Unit 1 全单元简案(译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

Period 1 Welcome to the unit

Teaching Objectives:

1) To get students to conduct a free discussion about comic shows.

2) To encourage the students to share their ideas with each other.

Important points and difficult points:

1) Students are expected to describe what they have known about comedy and comedians..

2) To encourage the students to communicate with classmates.

Teaching procedures:

Step1 Lead in

A crosstalk show by Hou Baolin.

Step2 Talking about the pictures

Look at the pictures shown and discuss with a partner.

Step3 Group discussion

1. Which of the events above do you think will be the funniest? Why?

2. Who is your favourite comedian? Why do you like him or her?

3. Why do people like funny things?

Step 4 Homework : Preview reading.

Period 2 Reading Stand-up for your health！

Teaching aims:

1) To talk about a magazine article about stand-up comedy and why people love it.

2) To help the students develop the ability of reading.

Teaching procedures:

Step1 Lead-in

1.Brief introduction

2. Match these new words with the correct definitions

Step2 Skimming &Listening

Qs: 1. What is the article about ?

2. How many types of stand-up are there?

3. What is laughter good for?

Step 3 Scanning

1. What is special about stand-up comedy?

2. What are the four main types of stand-up?

3. When did Bill Crystal begin practising stand-up?

4. What is one reason Billy Crystal has become famous?

5. How many times has Billy Crystal hosted the Academy Awards

6. Who were Bob Hope and George Burns?

7. What does your brain do when you laugh?

8. What is the English idiom about laughter mentioned in the text?

Step 4 Activity

Match each type of stand-up with an appropriate example.

Step 5 A brief introduction of a famous comedian---Billy Crystal

Step 6 Fill in the blanks with suitable words

Step 7 Discussion

1. What kind of comedy do you enjoy the most? Why?

2. Laughter is good for you and for everyone else. How do you make other people laugh?

3. Tell a funny story to your classmates.

Step 8 Reading strategy: guess the meaning of a word from the context

Step 9 Homework.

1. Read the passage carefully and review the new words and phrases.

2. Finish exercises on P4---5.

Period 3 Word Power

Teaching Objectives:

1） To understand the text better

2） To master some useful words and expressions

Important and difficult points:

Some useful words and expressions

Teaching procedures:

Step 1 Check the homework.

Step 2 Revision of the reading passage.

Step 3 Presentation Study words used in play scripts.

To be a successful actor, you need to learn the vocabulary used on stage. All the actors in a play are called the cast. The person in charge is the director. He or she gives the actors instructions about how to perform. The words that the actors say are called their lines., and they can be found in the script.

If you are an actor, you need to know where your character is supposed to stand on the stage. The director will tell you, and sometimes the script will contain instructions. A piece of information like this is called a stage director.

The script is divided into sections, called acts and scenes. Plays are made up of several acts. Acts are like chapters in a book and are made up of different scenes. Scenes are like paragraphs in a book. The scene changes when the action of a play moves to a different place. Very short plays are often called one-act plays. This means all the action occurs at one time, in one place. You will need to know these terms in order to be a successful actor.

Step 4 Practice Word study

1. Fill in the blanks with using key words on page 6.

If you want to be an _____ , there are certain thins you will need to know before you can be in a play. The first is to always listen to the ________. He or she will help you learn your ________ and say them in the most believable way possible. The other members of the ______ can also help you. When you get your _______ and are ready to begin learning your lines, start by finding out when your character is on _______ . Look at your script, and make a list of which _______ and ______ you are in. You will be expected to be dressed in your ______ and waiting in the _______a least one scene before you go on stage. If your character uses any ____ , make sure you know where they are before you go on stage.

When you get on stage, you may be surprised by how bright the ______ are and how different the stage looks like with _____. Don’t worry, just follow the ______ that you learnt, and say your lines, and you will do fine!

2. Find some idioms about smiling and laughing.

a.to laugh one’s head off → to laugh very hard

eg: I went to see the new comedy. It made me laugh my head off.

b .to smile on/upon sb/sth → approve of or encourage sb/sth

If luck is smiling on you , it means that you are fortunate or lucky.

eg: Luck was smiling on me that day as I won first place in the competition.

→ If the weather is smiling on you, it means that you are enjoying a bright day.

eg: The weather has been smiling on us these days.

c. More idioms about laughing and smiling:

laugh away laugh at laugh in a person’s face laugh down smile at

Step 5 Homework:

Finish the exercises in the workbook.

Period 4 Grammar and usage Overview of tenses 1: present tense

Teaching Objective :

To Introduce the usage of present tenses

Teaching important point:

The basic usage of present tenses in different situations.

Teaching difficult point:

How to use proper present tenses in various sentences

Teaching procedures:

Step1 Revision and lead-in:

Step2 Presentation Types of present tenses and their usage.

Simple present tense: The simple present tense is used to talk about things that are true now or are always true / occur regularly.

eg. The sun sets in the west.

These old people watch TV every evening.

The present continuous tense: This tense is used to talk about actions that are happening or in progress now/ are being planned now, but will happen in the future/ happen repeatedly, used with always, usually with a negative connotation..

Eg. They are standing there talking and laughing.

We are going to an evening party tonight.

You are always asking your parents for money.

The present perfect tense: This tense is used to talk about how the past and present are connected. It is used for: experiences that are repeated/ things that happened in the past, but have an effect on the present/ things that started in the past and are still happening now.

Eg. They haven’t seen each other for ages.

Doctors have found that people who laugh a lot live longer.

People have always enjoyed laughing.

The present perfect continuous tense: It is used to talk about actions that started in the past, have lasted up to now and will probably continue to happen.

Eg. It has been raining for a week on end.

Step3 Practice Choose the best answer from the given four

Step4 Consolidation Complete the passage using correct forms of the tenses in brackets.

Step5 Homework

Complete the exercises in the workbook

Period 5 Task Writing to a foreign friend.

Teaching Aims:

To train the students’ ability of writing.

To practise writing an e-mail to a foreign friend.

Teaching procedure:

Step 1. Review and lead-in

Step 2. Presentation

Writing skills building 1: identifying priority

When you are asked to do something, it is important to identify the most important part of the task. The language used in requests helps you to identify what is most important and what is least important. e.g. ‘ I need….’ ( most important)

The word ‘need’ tells you that the request which follows is very important.

‘ I want…’ ( somewhat important)

The word ‘ want’ tells you that the request is very important, but it is more something they desire than something that is necessary.

‘ I would like…’ ( least important)

The use of ‘ would like” tells you right away that the request is not too urgent.

Writing Skills building 2: asking questions orally

When you ask questions orally, you must remember to use the correct question words. You should also vary the forms of questions you ask. Try not to as k several questions in a row, using the exact same words. This will help to keep the dialogue interesting.

e.g. Do you know…..? ( used for general questions)

Can you name……? ( used when the answer is a proper noun

Who is/are…? ( used when the answer is a person or people’s names)

Please tell me… ( used for general questions)

When did…? (used when the answer is a date or a period of time)

Please list… ( used when there are several parts to the answer)

Writing Skills building 3: answering questions in an e-mail

People often send an e-mail to answer questions from friends, family members and colleagues. When you answer questions in an e-mail, it is important to remind the person you are writing to of the questions you are answering. It you write down your answers, the recipient may not now what question each one answers.

篇2：译林牛津模块6 unit 1 全单元简案1st period Welcome to the Unit(译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

Unit 1 Laughter is good for you

南京九中陆昕

Teaching aims:

(1).Make students participate in a discussion about which event they think is the funniest and most enjoyable.

(2) Encourage students to talk about their favourite comedians and the reasons why people like funny things.

(3).By talking about the posters and discussing, students’ spoken English can be practised.

Important points & difficult points:

(1).Students are expected to express their own opinions by talking about the posters and discussing.

(2).Encourage students to speak freely.

Procedure:

Step 1: Lead-in

(1) Life consists of laughter and tears. People around the world love to laugh. Which do you think is better for you, laughing every day or an apple per day?

(2) Show students some pictures of Mr. Bean. Ask them how they feel when they see him.

(Proper answers: silly, stupid, strange, funny…)

(3) Show students some pictures of Chen Peisi, Pan Changjiang, Zhao Benshan, Niu Qun, Feng Gong, Da Shan. Ask students who they are and how they feel when they see them. (Comedians)

Step 2: Brainstorming

What makes people laugh?

(Proper answers: jokes, comedians, funny movies, humorous stories, …)

Step 3: Picture talking

Choose one picture, and have a free talk.

(1). Grim Reaper has a sense of humour.

(2). To keep a balance…

(3). Where is my cola?

Step4: Observation

(1) Do the four posters share something in common? If so, what are they?

(2) Which of the events do you think will be the funniest? Why?

(3) Why do people like funny things?

Step 5 Further discussion:

How can we put more laughter in our lives?

read funny stories, watch funny movies and …

surround yourself with funny people

develop your own sense of humor

…

Step 6 Reading

(1) Humour: What would you say? A British would say: “It’s a little damp outside.”

(2) Joke: A: Where do you wash? B. In the spring. A. I didn’t ask when. I asked you where.

(3) Do you like British sense of humour? Would you like to learn more about it?

(4) scanning and skimming

(5) Game: Who is the best joke-teller?

Step 7 Homework

(1) Do relevant exercises in Assessment Book.

(2) Read Ronald Reagan on page 105 in Workbook.

(3) Preview reading.

篇3：译林牛津模块6 unit 1 全单元简案9th period Project(译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

南京九中林欣

Teaching aims:

Improve the students’ ability of practice.

Important points & difficult points:

Read the two passages about drama.

Procedure:

Step 1 lead-in

Have you ever seen dramas either on TV or in a theatre?

Do you enjoy seeing dramas?

Have you imagined acting in dramas?

Step 2 the first drama “The invisible bench”

Read the first drama and answer the following questions:

Is there a bench in the courtyard?

What does the word “invisible” mean?

Is this a comedy? Why or why not?

What do you think the playwright wants to tell us?

Step 3 the second drama “The important paper”

Go through the second drama, and answer the following questions:

How many characters are there in the play?

Who do you think is the main character/ hero in the play?

What does the King actually want?

Why are the others unable to understand him?

In what style of stand-up comedy is this play?

How does the playwright make the play funny?

Step 4 language focus

Useful expressions:

as if / crossing and uncrossing legs / mind / wander over / must have done / Your Majesty

a stack of / glare at

Step 5 exercises: fill in the blanks

1. We are sitting on an _______ bench. 2._____ if I sit down?

3. Mike stands up and __________ to the middle of the stage.

4. I _____________(forget) to tell you.

5. The ________ group fell down to the ground.

6. The King raises one eyebrow and looks _________ at the servant.

7. Servant enters ___________official-looking papers.

8. The servant bows and _________.

9. _________ to bring them to the King.

10. Queen tears a page from her book and _____ it _____ the King.

Step 6 homework:

Homework:

1. Do Part D1 and D2 on page 103 in workbook.

2. Prepare for your presentation

篇4：译林牛津模块6 unit 1 全单元简案2nd period Reading(译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

南京九中张茹芳

Teaching aims:

(1) Encourage the Ss to grasp the main topics of the three sections---types of stand-up, a famous comedian and the fact that laughter is good for your health.

(2) Stimulate the Ss’ interest in learning English by talking about their own opinions when it

comes to the topic “Laughter is the best medicine”.

(3) Students are expected to gain some knowledge about stand-up comedy and reinforce their reading comprehension.

(4) Develop the students’ reading ability---how to guess the meanings of new words.

Important points & difficult points:

(1) Find the main points in the three sections and express them.

(2) Understanding the text.

Procedure:

Step 1 Lead-in

(1) Warming up:

Learn about famous comedians and well-known forms of comedy.

(2) General questions:

1. What is the article about? Stand-up comedy.

2. How many types of stand-up are there? There are four main types.

3. What is laughter good for? Our health.

Step 2 Reading comprehension

Detailed information:

C1: Answer the following questions.

1.What is special about stand-up comedy?

2.What are the four main types of stand-up?

3.When did Billy Crystal begin practising stand-up?

4.What is one reason Billy Crystal has become so famous?

5. How many times has Billy Crystal hosted the Academy Awards?

6. Who were Bob Hope and George Burns?

7. What does your brain do when you laugh?

8. What is the English idiom about laughter mentioned in the text?

C2: (1)Choose the correct type of stand-up comedy.

1.Observational a. A comedian stands on stage and holds a banana to his ear. He says, ‘Hello? Hello? I’m sorry I can’t hear you. Something must be wrong with my phone.’

2.Prop b. A comedian puts on glasses, changes his or her voice and pretends to be someone else.

3.Physical c. A comedian walks on stage. As she introduces herself, she falls down.

4.Impressionist d. A comedian says, ‘My Grandmother started walking 1 km a day when she turned 60. She’s 89 now, and don’t know where she is!’

(2)Will you create similar situations to perform the four types of stand-up comedy?

Step 3 Further reading

Choose the correct answer:

1.A stand-up comedian _____ while performing.

A. enjoys laughing B. enjoys making fun of himself

C. usually takes advantage of the audience D. has prepared a lot of jokes in advance

2.Which of the following is the style of prop?

A. jokes in everyday life B. visual humour

C. body action D. imitation of a well-known person

3.Billy Crystal started his career ____.

A. as a television actor B. as a film actor

C. as a stand-up comedian D. as a host

4.What does the word ‘routine’ in Para 3 probably mean?

A. road B. performance C. lines D. style

5.What does the word ‘improvise’ in Para 4 probably mean?

A. perform without permission B. perform without preparation

C. act well D. act fast

6.At the Academy Awards, a very old actor ______ at first.

A. was asked to make a silent speech B. didn’t turn on the microphone on purpose

C. made the audience laugh D. couldn’t make himself heard

7.What does the word ‘appropriate’ in Para 4 probably mean?

A. proper B. clear C. silly D. enjoyable

8.We can infer from the 5th paragraph comedians are expected to ______.

A. enjoy a very long life B. work till the end of life

C. have no plans to stop work D. perform stand-up

Step 4 Developing reading ability through usage

1.Fill in the blanks according to the text.

(1)

One of the most well-known and well-loved types of ________ is called stand-up. There are different ______ of stand-up comedy. The main _____ are observational, prop, physical and impressionist. There has always been _______ in them to make people watching them laugh.

(2)

Billy Crystal, a famous stand-up ________, has hosted the Academy Awards ____ times. Each time, he performs his stand-up _______ in front of millions of people when the show is broadcast ____ on TV. His outstanding ability is to ________has impressed people around the world.

(3)

Doctors have discovered that people who laugh a lot live ____ after researching what _____ stand-up and other forms of comedy have on us. When we laugh, our ____ sends chemicals around the body that are good for us. _______ helps the body stay healthy, as the saying goes, ‘Laughter is the best ________’.

2. E(p5) Complete the passage.

1.American 2. observe

3. appropriate 4. comedy

5. television 6. actors

7. improvise 8. host

9. healthy 10. comedian

Step 5 Consolidation and Expansion (Choose one of the following.)

F(p5) Discuss the questions:

1. What kind of comedy do you enjoy the most? Why?

2. Laughter is good for you and for everyone else. How do you make other people laugh?

3. Tell a funny story to your classmates.

Step 6 Homework

1. Write a funny story.

2. Relevant exercises in Assessment book.

篇5：译林牛津模块6 unit 1 全单元简案3rd period Reading (译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

南京九中张茹芳

Teaching aims:

(1) Encourage the Ss to raise reading ability by focusing on language points.

(2) Get the Ss to grasp the new language usage in the text by learning them.

Important points & difficult points:

Language usage: make fun of; in response to; host; live; make up; prove; whatever; after all and so on.

Procedure:

Step 1 Revision

Learn about some humour.

Step 2 Language points (Learn and use)

1. A stand-up comedian may make fun of an audience member, or he or she might decide to tell different jokes in response to the reactions of an audience.

People __________her because she wore such a strange hat.

She ____________by the other children because she was always serious.

2. A stand-up comedian may make fun of an audience member, or he or she might decide to tell different jokes in response to the reactions of an audience.

__________ complaints, the company reviewed its safety procedure.

Ronnie only nodded __________ my questions.

3. He has hosted the show eight times.

I don’t know who will _____ the show tonight.

Next week’s show _________ by Sarah Cox.

She ________ a radio cookery programme at that time.

4. Each time, he performs his stand-up routine in front of millions of people when the show is broadcast live on TV.

The landing on the moon was telecast ____ , and people all over the world watched this.

The concert was not a recorded show; it was ____.

The football match tonight will be covered _____.

5. Instead of telling the joke he had planned, Crystal made up a new one.

I doubt they __________ the whole thing.

The whole story _________! Don’t believe it.

make up

She never goes out without ______ herself _____ first.

The chemist _______ a bottle of medicine.

Farming and mining ________ most of the country’s industry.

She _____the material ____ into a dress.

make up

The four of them _________ a team.

You must ________what you owe before the end of the month.

make up; take up; put up; come up;

He ________ some excuse about the dog eating his school uniform.

The grass in the garden _______ to her knees.

Chris _______ smoking when he was at school.

John was in the garden _________ a fence.

6. Crystal’s popularity with all age groups and his ability to amuse people all over the world prove that stand-up can be enjoyed by everyone.

They will prove to you that I’m not lying.

Can you prove you were at home on 3rd May?

Vasco da Gama proved that the world was round.

7. Whatever the reason, research shows that in the end, the English saying ‘ Laughter is the best medicine’ may be true after all.

Whatever the reason may/might be…

No matter what reasons there may/might be…

I thought I wouldn’t need to study for the test, but it seems my teacher was right______.

Though it was raining hard, we chose to take a plane ______.

Don’t be too hard on Tim. ______, he is only fifteen.

after all; at all; above all; in all

Did you sleep on your flight ______?

_____, there are over 120 languages spoken in London’s schools.

He will be remembered _______ as a loving husband and family man.

She shouldn’t be working so hard---she is 70, ________.

Step 3 Consolidation

A. Choose the correct answer.

1. Stand-up comedy is ____ because the comedian is right there in front of the audience and may talk directly to audience members.

A. special B. particular C. especial D. unusual

2. A stand-up comedian might decide to tell different jokes _____ reactions of an audience.

A. as a result of B. in response of C. according to D. referred to

3. In observational comedy, the comedian makes jokes about humorous things he or she _____ in everyday life.

A. watches B. sees C. observes D. looks

4. Each time, he performs his stand-up routine in front of millions of people ____ the show is broadcast live on TV.

A. if B. when C. as D. during

5. One little known fact is ____Crystal is the host of the Academy Awards, he always keeps a toothbrush in his pocket for good luck.

A. that B. when C. that when D. when that

6. You can ____ to hear a lot more from Billy Crystal---he has no plans to stop making films, or to stop telling jokes.

A. promise B. wait C. hope D. expect

7. Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can _____ help you fight pain.

A. even B. ever C. just D. still

8. Whatever the reason, research shows that in the end, the English saying ‘ Laughter is the best medicine’ may be true _____.

A. after all B. at all C. above all D. all over

B. Fill in the blanks using the verbs given.

1. If you hear a comedian _____ jokes about the way people behave when they queue up in lines, or _____ why it only rains when you forget your umbrella, you are listening to an observational comedian. (tell; ask)

2. Prop comedians use things, called props, _______ jokes.(tell)

3. When he started practising stand-up as a child, he told himself jokes while _______ in front of the mirror, ______ his teeth.(stand; brush)

4.He is very good at thinking quickly and ______ new jokes about the people and things around them.(make)

5. They could only see him ______ there ______ his lips.(stand; move)

6. Crystal’s popularity with all age group and his ability ________ people all over the world prove that stand-up can be enjoyed by everyone.(amuse)

C. Fill in the blanks, using the correct form.

1. I _______________ tennis every day for a month. I don’t understand why I’m not losing weight. (play)

2. Like other stand-up comedians who ___________to act in films, Crystal still enjoys stand-up. (go on)

3. Instead of telling the jokes he ___________, Crystal made up a new one. (plan)

D. Fill in the blanks, using proper preposition or adverb.

1. Only a few stand-up comedians have become famous as television and film actors later ____ in life.

2. The audience howled ______ laughter.

3. Doctors have been researching what effect stand-up and other forms of comedy have _____ us.

4. He hopes to follow ___ the footsteps of other famous comedians, such as Bob Hope and George Burns, who lived to be 100 years and kept working _____the end of their lives.

Step4 Homework

1. A1, A2 on page 100 in Workbook

2. B1, B2 on page 101 in Workbook

3. Relevant exercises in Assessment book.

篇6：Module 6 Unit 1 Project学案(译林牛津版高二英语选修六学案设计)

主备人：王松业再备人：高二英语备课组成员审核人：李家圣

New words:

1. invisible a. 看不见的 vision 视力 television 电视

2. courtyard n. 院子 court 法庭 yard院子 graveyard 坟场

3. shift vt. 移动 we shifted the furniture.

Vi. 转变=change the wind shifted to the west.

N. 轮班 I was on the night shift that day. 那天我值夜班。

4. wander: vi, vt 漫步，徘徊 wander (in) the street 逛街

wonder n. 奇迹，奇怪 v. 猜想

work wonders 创造奇迹

(It is) no wonder that …难怪

I’m wondering if I can use your bike.

5. official-looking 貌似官方的 good-looking 相貌好看的 plain-looking 相貌普通的

6. a stack of 一堆 a pile of 一堆

7. bow n. vi 鞠躬

bow n. 弓，蝴蝶结 arrow 箭

8. tear n. 眼泪 burst into tears

v. 撕 tear the letter into pieces

9. chase vt. n. 追逐，追赶

we are like the police chasing a thief. 我们就像警察抓小偷一样。

10. emergency n. 紧急情况，紧急事件

Will you excuse me a moment? I have an emergency to deal with.

In case of emergency, sound the alarm. 万一有紧急情况，请拉响警报。

11. burst vi 爆发

burst into tears/laughter/cheers(欢呼)/anger（大发雷霆）

burst out crying/laughing/cheering

burst in: vi break in: vi

burst into: vt break into: vt

Suddenly a gang of bandits broke in.

broke into the house 突然一群土匪闯了进来。

12. stare at 盯 glare at 瞪

glance at 瞥一眼 catch a glimpse of 瞥见

13. hold out ①拿出，伸出②坚持，维持

He held out a hand and stopped a taxi.

How long can our oil hold out?

Difficult points in the text.

1. Do you know how much work it takes to perform a play? 这里的work意为“需要”

Mastering a foreign language takes time and practice.

2. character ①[C]人物，角色，汉字②[U]性格；特征

There are many characters in this play, but they all have different character.

类似地difficulty: ①[C]难点，难事

②[U]困难 have difficulty in doing sth.

Experience ①[C] 经历②[U]经验

Do you have any difficulties about the article?

3. Can I join you?

Why not join us?

Join us in the discussion/walk

4. make room for 为…腾出空地 room 为[U]，意为空间

There is no room left for putting the piano.

The old houses were pulled down/torn down to make room for a new building.

5. Mind if I sit down? 我坐下你介意吗？

此句为省略句 (do you)mind if I sit down?

常见的还有(I) hope you don’t mind.

(I) Hope you like it.

(It’s) Time to get up.

(It) sounds like a good idea.

6. throw at 砸向 he throws a stone at the dog.

Throw to: 扔给 he threw some bananas to the monkey.

Shout at 大嚷 she shouted at him, “get out of here.”

Shout to: 大喊 she shouted to us in the distance

7. tear the paper in two/ into halves

8. empty-handed a. + n. + ed.

Cold-blooded 冷面的 white-haired 白发的 narrow-minded 心胸狭窄的 left-handed 左撇子

9. way out 出路

The way out lies in improving education.

篇7：牛津模块6 Unit 3 全单元教学设计(译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

Unit 3 Understanding each other

Part One Teaching Design

第一部分教学设计

Aims and requirements

Read an Internet chat room conversation and a travel brochure

Listen to a conversation about showing foreign visitors around a city

Talk about different cultures, traditions and taboos

Write a letter of apology

Make a reference book about the culture of a country

Procedures

● Welcome to the Unit

Step 1：Brainstorming

As we all know, different countries have different cultures and customs. Look at the following pictures. In which countries do people greet each other in the way like the people in each picture do? (Kiss: Some of the South American countries, Russia, France, Arab countries…; Shaking hands: Britain, China…)

In France, it is the custom to shake hands with people in the office every morning.

Step 2：Sharing information

Look at the following pictures and read the captions under them .

Can you match the ways of greeting with the countries?

Country/Area Ways of greeting

Holland putting their hands together and bowing slightly

Thailand kissing each other on one cheek and then the other

The USA greeting each other by touching noses

South America hugging each other

The Middle East shaking hands with each other

Japan bowing to each other

What about an Arab and a Japanese meeting for the first time? As a Chinese, if you are not familiar with greetings from other countries, what might happen?

(Maybe we would feel embarrassed; we might be involved in awkward situations like…)

Step 3: Discussion

1. Do you know of any other ways of greeting that people around the world use?

2. People in different countries greet each other in different ways. Why?

3. Can you think of any other customs that are different in different parts of the world?

Step 4: Homework

1. Search more information about different ways of greetings and some unique customs in some countries.

2. Prepare the Reading part.

Reading Cultural differences

Step 1: Lead-in

Many people like chatting on line, especially you students. You must have many e-pals.

What do you think of online chat?

Do you think it is really a good way to know more things and make more friends?

Have you ever experienced any funny things or awkward situations when chatting with your cyber friends?

Now, we will read an Internet chat room conversation. Surely you will know all about these after you read it. Sometimes online chat does benefit us a lot.

Step 2: Fast reading for general ideas

Go through the passage as quickly as possible and try to find answers to the three questions in part A on Page34. Just focus on and identify the information needed to answer these questions.

Answers

1. He is from Brunei.

2. He comes from UK.

3. No, they don’t. Only the Sultan and his family do.

Step 3: Detailed reading for important information.

1. Let’s read the passage again and complete Parts C1 and C2 on page 36.

Answers

C1 1. Thanksgiving Day is held to celebrate the first harvest after the European settlers went to live in the USA.

2. Turkey.

3. In the West, the polite time to open a present is when someone gives it to a person, because they like to see the person’s reaction.

4. Guests expect presents as a souvenir to remember the big day.

5. Alcohol.

6. In Brunel, you should use your thumb to point at things.

7. In both places, you should take off your shoes before going inside a house.

C2 4 7 3 1 2 6 5

Step 4: Practice

1. Let’s complete Part D (Refer to the text while complete part D)

Answers

D 1d 2c 3f 4g 5b 6e 7h 8a

2. Now, let’s read Ma Li’s diary about her chat room discussion. Fill in blanks with correct words.

E 1)traditions 2)Thanksgiving 3)harvest 4)Europe 5)celebrate

6)weddings 7)embarrassing 8) presents 9)rude 10) thumb

Step 5: Post-reading activities

1. Now let’s make up a dialogue by using the questions in Part F on Page 37. Work in pairs for a few minutes and then present your dialogue to the whole class.

2. There are also cultural differences in different English-speaking countries. For example:

Americans enjoy a good sense of humour; the British take a somewhat different view and believe a formal approach is the best way; the Australians are more informal and straightforward, often enjoying a good laugh and calling their close friends or new acquaintances by their first names.

3. Discussion:

What might happen if people had no idea of other countries’ cultures?

Do you think it might result in embarrassment on inconvenience?

What do you think about “culture shock”?

4. Do you know more information about cultural differences?

In most countries, nodding your head up and down means ‘yes’.

In some parts of Greece and Turkey, however, this motion can mean ‘no’.

In South-east Asia, nodding your head is a polite way of saying ‘I’ve heard you.’

In the United Stated, when someone puts his thumb up, it means ‘Everything is all right.’ However, in Sardinia of Italy and Greece, the gesture is insulting and should not be used there.

Step 6：Language Points

Vocabulary

Words

difference, accumulate, topic, native, accent, tradition,

celebration, settler, end-of-term, wedding, embarrassing, newly-wed, souvenir, clarify, participate, reception, bridegroom, bride, alcohol, drum, adjust, royal, analyse, excitement, misunderstand, summary, habit, custom, expectation, nationality, homeland, anyway, youth, wage, overseas, consultant, approval, ambition, incident, feast, pepper, proper, procedure, pocket, request, remark, religion, generally, certain, concern, greeting, slight, equally, tour, minority, swap, seal, account, bravery, mask, carve, spirit, claw, wolf, belief, ancestral, govern, steam, belong, plain, flat, power, peace, bow, arrow, retell, roast

Useful expressions

in celebration of, first finger, log off, some day, take up, give out, hold up, body language, shake hands, business card, take part in, hunt for, meet with, belong to, have power over

Sentence patterns 1. He gets quite excited whenever it comes to this topic.

2. If you had joined the chat room ten minutes ago, you would have known what we were talking about!

3. Should you come to Brunei, you would have to take off your shoes….

Step 7: Homework

1. Finish Parts A1 and A2 on page 116 in the workbook.

2. Prepare the part Word Power.

● Word Power

Step 1: Brainstorming

Do you have any difficulty in remembering English words? What methods do you usually use in learning new words? Now I’ll give you some tips to learn and remember English vocabulary.

Remember the spelling of a word by its pronunciation.

Remember the spelling of a word by analyzing the formation of the word.

Remember the meaning of a word by making a sentence with it.

Remember the meaning of a word by studying the origin of the word.

English is one of the most widely-spoken languages in the world and it is used as the international working language in many places throughout the world. But where do the English language and all its words come from? Who invented so many new words? Is it possible that English borrowed words from other languages? If so, Can you give some examples?

Step 2: Vocabulary learning

1. Look at Part A. This is an online article about English words borrowed from other languages. Read the article and analyse how words are borrowed from other languages and used in the English language. Finish the following table.

Language Categories of words

French food, entertainment, jobs

German Tools, mechanical, equipment, snacks, geological terms

Italian music, the arts, the military

Arabic spices, chemicals, animals, food, mathematics

2. Look at Part B. It is a spidergram showing some of the words that have been borrowed from other languages and incorporated into English. Please add more examples if possible.

3. Part C serves as a strengthening exercise to check your ability to understand some new words and use them correctly. You should understand the passage and the exact meanings of these words first and then fill in the blanks correctly.

Answers

C (1) Italian (2) Arabic (3) food (4) restaurant (5) jobs (6) ballet (7)confetti

(8) colonel (9) clock (10) rocket (11) German (12) hamburger (13) alcohol (14) zero

4. In this passage (Part C), which words are borrowed from Italian? What was Italy famous for in the 18th century? What does the writer think of the Germans? Which words are borrowed from German? What were the Arabs great for?

Step 3: Vocabulary extension

Look at Part D. The idioms connect a characteristic with an animal or a thing. Read the idioms and guess the meaning of each of them.

Answers

D 1. slept like a dog 2. as cool as a cucumber 3. as poor as a church mouse

4. as busy as a bee 5. as strong as a horse

Step 4: Homework

1. Finish the two exercises on page 122 in Workbook.

2. Complete the e-mail in Part C.

● Grammar and Usage

Step 1: General introduction

The grammar items in this unit focus on unreal conditionals. Unreal conditionals are used to express a condition or situation that is not real or is imaginary. You should pay attention to the forms of the predicate verbs in different tenses when you use sentences in unreal conditionals. You are expected to use unreal conditionals and how to use unreal conditionals correctly.

Step 2: Explanation

1. Read the following sentences.

If my husband hadn’t been caught in the rain, he would not have got a fever.

Nothing would have happened to him if he had not visited his friend on Saturday

If I were you, I would not have visited the friend on Saturday.

In the above sentences, what has been said is unreal. The verb forms like these can also be

called the subjunctive. Can you find out in what cases the unreal conditionals are used? And can you say the sentences in another way, not using the unreal conditionals?

Sample answers

(1) My husband was caught in the rain, so he got a fever.

(2) He visited his friend on Saturday, so something happened to him.

(3) I am not you, so I visited the friend on Saturday.

2. Read Point 4 to see how to form unreal conditionals of the present, past of future time. Use the three structures to translate some sentences.

(1) 如果我是一个学生，我将更加努力地学习。

(2) 如果你昨天去听音乐会的话，你将会遇到她了。

(3) 如果明天下雨的话，会议将会推迟。

Sample answers

(1) If I were a doctor, I would save her life without hesitation.

(2) If you had gone to the concert yesterday, you would have met her.

(3) If it rained tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

3. Please read Point 3 and you will find out only should, were or had can be used in the inversion. Change the following sentences into their normal order and compare the differences between the two types of sentences.

(1) Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go outing.

(2) Had you come earlier, you would have met my sister.

(3) Were you to take the train, you would be there much sooner.

Answers

(1) If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go outing.

(2) If you had come earlier, you would have met my sister.

(3) If you were to take the train, you would be there much sooner.

For reference

动词的语气--虚拟语气

一、语气的定义和种类

l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2、语气的种类：

(1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：We are not ready. 我们没准备好。What a fine day it is! 多好的天气啊!

(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如: Open the door, please。请打开门。

(3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。May you succeed! 祝您成功！

二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法

条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。

如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。)

在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:

从句主句

与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were） would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词

与将来事实相反动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动词原形 would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

注: 主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should 可用于各种人称。

l. 表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如: If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿, 一切都没问题了。

2. 表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如: If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't (couldn’t) have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。

3. 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如: If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would，could，might) go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天，我就 (可能)去看望我奶奶。If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。

4. 在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：

Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.

Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.

Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

For reference

Relative items in recent years’ college entrance examination:

1． I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word. (全国)

A. mustn't leave B. shouldn't have left C. couldn't have left D. needn't leave

2．-How do you___ we go to Beijing for our holidays? (福建)

-I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more comfortable.

A. insist B. want C. suppose D. suggest

3. I have lost one of my gloves. I it somewhere.

A. must drop B. must have dropped

C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped

4. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ___ yesterday. (全国I)

A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened

5. _______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.

A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be

Keys: 1-5 BDBDB

Step 3: practice

1. Read the dialogue between Ma Li and Ye Fei on page 40 and fill in each blank with the proper verb form.

Answers

(1) went (2) would expect (3) went (4) would give (5) went

(6) would see (7) did (8) would be (9) had traveled (10) would have found

(11) went (12) would take (13) had (14) would join (15) would know

2. Read the instructions and the articles on page 41 and underline the sentences which use unreal conditionals.

Answers

In my youth, if I could have traveled to another country, I would have, but I had to work, as our family was very poor and needed another wage. That meant I could not finish my education. Ma Li, education is very important. A good education will help you succeed. Should you get into university in the future, you would have to go and take the opportunity. This will enable you to get a good job. Had I had the chance, I would have really enjoyed it. I think I would have studied Medicine. If you should get the chance to go overseas, then you should take it. I think it is very important to try to understand as much about the world as possible and travel helps you to do that. Hopefully you might become a successful business person or a consultant some day. Were you to do that, you would certainly have our approval and we would all be very proud of you. I am an ld man now, but I still have an ambition to travel to Beijing one day. Should I get to Beijing, I would visit the Forbidden City where the emperors once lived. But I wonder, Ma Li, had I had more opportunities when I was growing up, would I have been as happy as I am now?

Step 4: Consolidation

I. Multiple choice

1. If I ____ where he lived, I ____ a note to him.

A. knew, would B. had known, would have sent

C. know, would send D. knew, would have sent

2. Mary is ill today. If she _____, she ____ absent from school.

A. were not ill; wouldn' t be B. had been ill; wouldn't have been

C. had been ill; should have been D. hadn't been ill; could be

3. If you had enough money, what ________?

A. will you buy B. would you buy C. would you have bought D. will you have bought

4. Were I to do it, I ________ it some other way.

A. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do

5. I ________ him the answer ________ possible, but I was so busy then.

A. could tell; if it had been B. must have told; were it

C. should have told; had it been D. should have told; should it be

6. You didn't take his advice. ________ his advice, you ________ such a mistake.

A. Had you taken; wouldn't have made B. If you had taken; would make

C. Were you lo take; shouldn’ t have made D. Have you taken; won t have made

7. If he_____ , he ______ that food. ---- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken

C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken

8. I didn' t see your sister at the meeting. If she _________, she would have met my brother.

A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come

9. Jane would never have gone to the party ________ that Mary would come to see her.

A. has she known B. had she known C. if she know D. if she has known

10. I didn’t know his telephone number. ____ it, I ____ then.

A. Had I known, would ring him up B. Should I know, would have rung him up

C. If I knew; would ring him up D. Had I known; would have rung him up

II. Translation

1. 如果你听了医生的话，你早就恢复健康了。

--------------------------------

2．如果没有虚拟语气，英语就容易多了。

3．如果她更加努力的话，她就成功了。

---------------------------------------

4．万一他不来，你就代替他。

5．如果我是你，我就不回这个电话。

---------------------------------------

6．如果我的女儿不忙的话，她就会来帮助你。

---------------------------------------

Keys

I. 1-5 BACBC 6-10 ABDBD

II.

1. If you had listened to the doctor, you would have already recovered.

2. If there were no subjunctive mood, English would be much easier.

3. If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.

4. Should he not come, you would take his place.

5. If I were you, I wouldn't return the call.

6. Were my daughter not so busy, she would come to help you.

●Task Writing a letter to explain cultural misunderstandings

Skills building 1: completing a text

In this part, you will learn how to complete a text by listening. You are expected to learn what to do before and after listening and how to use the skills in practice.

1. Read the guidelines on page 42. Read the instructions out and make sure you understand the four tips about what you should do before you listen.

What is the first thing you need to do before listening? Why should we do this?

What should we do next?

How can we decide what the missing words probably are?

What is the fourth thing about?

2. What do you think we should do after we have finished a passage? (Proofread it to ensure that it makes sense and check whether there are any mistakes in it, include any spelling mistakes.) Remember that it is very important to review the text and make sure there are no mistakes or missing words.

Step 1: showing foreign visitors around

1. Go over the instructions to find out what you are going to do in Part A. Read the diary and try to guess what each of the missing words is by using the methods you have learnt in Skills building 1.

You can do this in pairs.

2. Listening practice: Listen to the recording and fill in the missing words. You may check your guesses at the same time.

Tapescript

Li Lin: Well, I think that was a great day. We showed the three visitors around Beijing and I think they enjoyed it. What were their names again?

Zhu Qing: Well, there was Mr Singh from India, Mr Takashi from Japan and Mr Hudson from the USA.

Li Lin: Yes, I thought it was a good day and we managed to visit quite a few places. We did have a few strange incidents though, didn’t?

Zhu Qing: Mmm, it was very odd how Mr Singh reacted when you held out your left hand. He wouldn’t shake hands with you!

Li Lin: Also, he got a bit upset in the restaurant and refused to try the black pepper beer on the menu. I thought most people liked black pepper beef. Perhaps he would have preferred beef and onions.

Zhu Qing: All the visitors I have taken to that restaurant before have really enjoyed it. Mr Takashi and Mr Hudson liked it. Mr Takashi seemed to have a really good time. He asked so many questions in the Forbidden City that I think I know the history very well now! He must have taken about a hundred photos in a day and he kept buying lots of gifts. Some were very expensive. One thing I noticed though was that he was always giving people his business card. He didn’t look very happy when I just put in my pocket. Also, it was very confusing when he kept making an okay sign. We just didn’t know what he wanted.

Li Lin: Mr Hudson thought the Summer Palace was amazing but he got a bit upset before we got on the boat. It was really a pain that he wanted to wait for the next boat as he thought the first one was too crowded. I thought there was plenty of space on it. Well, I suppose we should volunteer to show another set of visitors around next year---- at least we get to improve our English!

Answers

A: (1) three (2) strange (3) upset (4) shake hands (5) beef

(6) gifts (7) business cards (8) OK (9) crowded (10) space

3. Listen to the tape again and try to answer the following questions:

Which tourist attractions did the two students show the three foreigners around? (The Forbidden City and the Summer Palace.)

Why did the writer feel strange about Mr Singh? ( Because he looked upset when the writer

held out his left hand to shake hands with him.)

Where is Mr Singh from? ( He is from India.)

Where is Mr Takashi from? ( He’s from Japan.)

Do you think the OK sign made by Mr Takashi means ‘very good’ or ‘great’? (No.)

Why wouldn’t Mr Hudson get on the boat? (He thought it was too crowded.)

4. Read the first paragraph of Part B and find out what the word ‘taboo’ means. You can go back to the diary entry in Part A. Then read the rest of the article and circle the taboos in different cultures. Find out the reason why Mr Takashi did not look very happy when the student just put his business card in his pocket.

Answers

B: Paragraph 2

…, if you are from India, you may not eat beef because of your religion.

Paragraph 3

In India, it is impossible to shake hands or give someone something with your left hand. Japanese

people may bow and even give out their business cards to greet others and get upset if people do

not look at the cards carefully. So remember not to just put them in your pocket without looking.

5. Read the guidelines in Part C to know what you will do in this part. Listen to the recording to

get more information about cultural habits.

Tapescript

Teacher: From my experience, people from the USA often feel uncomfortable if people are in their ‘personal space’ ( about fifty centimeters around their body). But I heard that business people from Asia have a different idea about personal space and usually stand closer than some people from the USA might like. Latin Americans are the same, and like to greet their colleagues with a hug. I also noticed that in the USA, gift-giving is not part of the culture unlike in many other countries. I saw that gift-giving is very important in Japan and on a trip, Japanese people must bring back lots of gifts. There are also signs which mean different things in different countries. In the USA, an ‘OK’ sign is formed by touching the thumb to the index finger. This is a positive sign in the United Stated, but in France, the same sign means ‘zero’ or ‘worthless’ and in Japan, it is a request for small change.

Skills building 2: asking questions

1. There are many types of questions you can ask. They are as follows:

Do you know…?

Could you please tell me if/whether…?

Please tell me if/whether…

Who is…?

Please tell me his/her name.

When/Where did…?

Please tell me when/where…

How did…?

Do you know how to…?

Why did…?

Can you tell me the reason why…?

2. Read the guidelines on page 44. Make some sentences by using the correct question words.

Step 2: asking about cultural differences

1. Read the instructions to make sure you know what you are going to do. Work individually to form the eight questions in this part.

Answers

(1) What do some people from India not eat?

(2) Which hand shouldn’t be used to shake hands with or give things to people from India?

(3) What do Japanese people have to buy when they travel anywhere?

(4) What should you do when a Japanese person gives you a business card?

(5) What does the OK sign mean to Japanese people?

(6) Why do people from the USA not like crowded places?

2. Work in pairs to do the question-and-answer exercise according to what you have read in the magazine article on page 42 and what you have heard in the recording.

Answers

(1) Some people from India do not eat beef.

(2) The left hand shouldn’t be used to shake hands with or give things to people from India.

(3) When they travel anywhere, Japanese people have to buy many things.

(4) When a Japanese person gives you a business card, you should look at the card carefully.

(5) The OK sign means a request for some small change for Japanese people.

(6) People from the USA feel uncomfortable if others are in their ‘personal space’, which is about 50 centimetres around them.

Skills building 3: writing a letter of apology

In this part, you will read about how to write a letter of apology to explain misunderstandings.

1. There are differences between writing letters in Chinese and writing letters in English. In a formal English letter, you should first write your address and the date. Here is the format of a letter as an example. Sun Ting from Beijing Sunshine Secondary School wants to write a letter to her friend Tan Yi in Sunshine Town:

Beijing Sunshine

Secondary School

Sunshine Town

Beijing 100000

Date 10 June

Tan Yi

88 Sunny Street

Sunshine Town

Beijing 100000

Dear Tan Yi,

( Content of the letter)

Yours sincerely,

Sun Ting

2. If you want to make an apology, what do you usually say? (I apology for…; I want to apology for…)

What do we do if we want to write a letter of apology?

Should we give some explanations?

Step 3: explaining misunderstandings

In this part, you will use the information about taboos in different cultures in Steps 1 and 2, and use the skills you have learnt in Skills building 3 to write a letter to explain how the misunderstandings arose when you showed the three foreigners around Beijing.

1. Read the diary entry and the article in Step 1 again and then discuss in pairs what should be included in the letter. Choose one of the three visitors to write your letter of apology to.

2. Choose a recipient and write the letter of apology. Read your letter to the whole class and try to improve it.

●Project Making a reference book

Part A

1. Answer the following questions:

Every country has some or many ethnic groups. How many ethnic groups do we have in China?

Do you know any different cultures and customs between these groups? What about the ethnic groups in other countries in the world?

If you are to do some research on the cultures, traditions, customs and way of life of different minorities, which minority group will you focus on?

Do you know where you can find the information you need?

2. Scan and skim the four tours and find out in which countries these ethnic groups live. Read the travel brochure carefully and finish the table below.

Ethnic group In which country What to eat Where to live Specific events

Inuit Canada animals, birds and fish Igloos or tents have large summer gatherings

Aborigines Australia food from the bush like lizards and snakes have Aboriginal ceremonies,

play the didgeridoos and use boomerangs

Maoris New Zealand fish and sweet potatoes wooden houses do a dance called the Haka,

eat food cooked in underground ovens and go night fishing

American Indians The USA buffaloes roasted over an open fire teepees wear buffalo skin clothes and feather headdresses,

do a dance called the Sun Dance and hold a bow and arrow competition

3. Do Parts B1 and B2 on page in Workbook to practice using words and phrases learnt in the reading material.

Part B

1. Discuss the eight questions given in this part in groups. Decide which minority culture you want to research and what topics you want to focus on in your research and how to find the information you need. Divide the different tasks among your group members. Each group should make a reference book about an ethnic group with a different culture.

2. Present your reference book to the whole class.

3. Do Parts D1 and D2 on page 119 in Workbook.

●Self-assessment

This section aims to help you determine the progress you have made, what you have achieved and what else you can do to improve your English.

In this unit, 18 items are listed, each with a score of 5, making a total score of 90. These items cover the main study targets in this unit, such as skills in listening, speaking, reading and writing, the use of vocabulary and grammar items as well as doing activities in English. Through assessing yourselves as learners, you can evaluate how well you have achieved the goals in this unit.

The colour bar with five levels shows how confident you yourselves feel about what you have learned. In part A, some items are presented to you and you are asked to check how well you think you’ve developed these skills. Each item corresponds to something you’ve learnt in this unit. For example, by finishing Step 3 on page 45 without any difficulty, you’ll know whether you are able to write a letter of apology. You have the opportunity to evaluate your own skills and abilities in English. If you feel very confident about one item, you get a score of 5. If you feel slightly confident about another item, you get a score of 2. By adding up all the scores you get and dividing it by the total number of items, you’ll get a percentage, which shows your overall level. If you feel there are some items you are not confident about or just slightly confident about, you can think about how to improve on them. In Part B, you are asked to make an action plan, so you will know what to do and how to take some effective measures to improve your confidence.

Part Two Teaching Resources

第二部分教学资源

●Section 1 A text structure analysis of Cultural difference

I. A tree diagram of the text

II. A retold version of the text

Ma Li has to do her homework on cultural differences. So she goes online to chat with others and find some information she needs.

She gets to know English and American people have unbelievable differences in culture even though they both speak English. For example, the British may be puzzled when Americans talk about Thanksgiving and the huge turkey they eat. There are different reactions in the West and the East when they get presents. Westerners like to open them as soon as they get one. Though there are similarities between wedding traditions in the west, there are also differences between different western countries. In Italy, guests expect to get presents from the newly-weds while the guests are expected to give presents to them in the UK. In Brunei, a male guest has to sit with the bridegroom and the other men and a female guest has to be with the bride and the other women in a different area. What’s more, if you go to Brunei, you should point with your thumb instead of your index finger. You shouldn’t wear yellow. Either.

So remember when in Rome, do as the Romans do.

III. Translation of reading and project

Reading

文化差异

马莉：嗨，大家好。我的名字叫马莉。我是个来自北京的女孩。今天我想跟大家聊-聊，尽量积累更多有关文化差异方面的知识，因为我要完成一个有关文化差异方面的家庭作业。

瓦利德：嗨，马莉，我是来自文莱的瓦利德。这是-个非常有趣的话题。在我们文莱的这个学校里我们总是在体验文化差异，因为我们有几位以英语为母语的英语教师。其中一位来自美国，另外两位来自英国。虽然他们说的是同-种语言(只是带有不同的口音)，在文化方面却有着令人难以置信的差异。

马莉：真的吗?

瓦利德：是的，你可以从美国教师和英国教师各自的传统上发现文化差异的例子。我们的美国教师总是谈论感恩节和他们在感恩节上吃的大火鸡。每当谈到这个话题时他就格外兴奋。而英国教师就不知道对方在谈些什么，也不知道为什么要过感恩节。

马莉：嗯，我也不知道。

瓦利德：哦，感恩节当初与从欧洲迁居美国大陆的首批移民迁居后庆祝他们的第一个丰收有关。

彼得：嗨，瓦利德，我发现你又在开讲座了!这次是什么话题呢?

瓦利德：哦，你好，彼得。嗯，要是你在十分钟前就进入聊天室的话，你就知道我们在谈些什么了! 我只不过是在告诉马莉有关文化之间的差异。

彼得：嗨，马莉，见到你很高兴。我来自英国。我猜想瓦利德已经告诉你关于那位英国老师在期末典礼上一收到礼物马上就打开的事情了吧?

马莉：不，他还没有说呢，不过，我的美国朋友杰克就是这么做的。

彼得：嗯，西方人都是这么做的。当有人送给你一份礼物时，你不打它是很不礼貌的行为。我们喜欢看到对方对礼物的反应。我们觉得，不打开礼物的做法非常奇怪!嘿，你知道吗，尽管西方的婚礼传统有很多相似之处，如抛洒五彩纸屑，但不同的西方国家往婚礼方面也还是有差别的。一旦出错可能会非常尴尬!在意大利参加婚礼和在英国参加婚礼是不-样的。在英国，客人应该给新人礼物；而在意大利，新人要给来宾礼物作为纪念，让大家记住这个重要的日子。

马莉：所以，说得更清楚一些，如果我在英国结婚，我会得到客人的礼物；而如果我在意大利结婚，我得给客人礼物。真有趣!在中国，我们总是大办筵席来庆祝婚礼。

瓦利德：有意思!在文莱，如果男士参加一个婚礼招待会，他得和新郎以及其他男士坐在一起。新娘和其他女土得坐在不同的区域。还有-个区别是：我们在婚礼上提供食物、软饮料、茶和咖啡，但没有白酒!而且，你很可能睡不了什么觉，因为我们连续好几个小时击鼓庆祝婚礼------有时候通宵!

彼得：通宵?

瓦利德：是的，我们这里的人都已经习惯了。

马莉：那么，在你们国家还有哪些事情与别的国家不一样呢，瓦利德?

瓦利德：嗯，你知道，在很多国家人们用食指来指东西。我们觉得这样的做法是粗鲁的，所以我们用大拇指来指东西。看新来的外教努力适应这个动作的样子很是滑稽。哦，还有，如果你来到文莱，你不能穿着黄颜色的衣服。

马莉：为什么呢?

瓦利德：因为黄颜色是皇室的颜色，只有苏丹与其家人能够穿着黄颜色。还有一件事是，如果你来到文莱，你进别人家门之前得脱鞋!

马莉：这和中国城市里的习俗是一样的!所以，彼得，如果你去文莱或者中国的城市，你要记得在进入别人的房子之前先脱鞋!好了，各位，我要下线了。今天的聊天真的很有趣。我想现在我对不同的文化以及什么是恰当的行为方式有了更多的了解。这确实对我的作业有帮助!我希望我们大家以后能够再次聊天。毕竟，了解文化差异是更多地了解对方的-个好办法。祝大家愉快!

Project

民族风情体验之旅--与众不同的旅游公司。我们愿意给您提供机会，让您接触不同的少数民族文化，亲身体验他们的传统、风俗和生活方式。

路线1--囚纽特体验游

这是一个和加拿大努纳维特区的因纽特人面对面的机会。同因纽特人相处的日子里，你将有机会乘坐狗拉雪橇、划海豹皮制成的皮筏子。

如果你不吃肉，那本次旅行就不适合你了，因为因纽特人的主食就是动物、鸟和龟。这就意味着他们需要四出活动以采集食物。当他们在北极圈最南端的时候，游客将加入他们。你将居住在雪块砌成的拱形圆顶小屋里，或是居住在帐篷里，穿着用动物毛皮缝制的衣服。

因纽特人通常按照小的家庭单位居住和生活，但会举行大型夏日聚会，大家享受丰盛的食物、举行庆祝活动，同时相互讲故事。你将有机会参加一个这样的大型聚会活动。你还有机会参加击鼓和跳舞，聆听他们传统的英勇的故事，还可以参与游戏项目!跳舞的时候，他们或许还会邀请你戴上一个特别的专门用来跳动物舞蹈的面具，这个面具通常是用木头雕刻而成的。因纽特人相信动物灵魂。他们的珠宝都是用猫头鹰的爪子、狼的骨头和鸟的头盖骨做成的，你将有机会亲手做一些这种不同寻常的珠宝。

路线2--澳大利亚土著历险之旅

本次旅行的目的地是澳大利亚的卡喀杜，其中包括要在卡喀杜一个土著村庄逗留三天。在这里，你将有机会目睹基于古老的土著信仰之上的、人们又唱又跳的土著仪式。澳大利亚土著相信，是 “太祖神灵”创造了地球上所有的人、动物、植物和鸟类。他们相信，“太祖神灵”将人、植物和鸟类安置在不同的地方，制定规则和律法来管理他们。这些土著仪式有时可持续好几个小时之久。

土著人从周围的灌木丛中采集食物，常常深入洞穴里捕猎大型蜥蜴和蛇。你将有机会品尝一些非常奇怪的食物!本次旅行过程中你还会了解到澳大利亚土著乐器，比如迪吉里杜管，以及他们使用的狩猎武器之-回飞镖。

路线3--神秘的毛利人

新西兰现为毛利民族的家园。据信毛利人来自太平洋的波利尼西亚群岛。他们给新西兰带来了在歌舞、雕刻和编织方面有丰富内涵的波利尼西亚文化。毛利人信仰多神教，如信仰森林之神和海洋之神。人们通过歌舞的形式来纪念诸神。

毛利人有一个传统的聚会房舍，他们在这里欢迎客人的到来。这将是你会见毛利人并参加其哈卡舞的地方。

你将住在罗吐鲁阿地区当地一户人家的木屋里。在那里，你将品尝到鱼以及用叶子包裹起来然后在滚热的石头上蒸煮的红薯。你将有机会吃到用地锅做成的食物。你还有机会在夜晚出去捕鱼。

路线4--美洲印第安土著历险之旅

美洲印第安土著民族有许多不同的部落。在本次行程中，你将参观北美洲中部的-个部落。他们被称为平原印第安人，因为他们生活在乎坦开阔的土地上。平原印第安人信奉至上神，至上神对包括动物、树木、石头和云彩在内的一切拥有控制权。

你会睡在一个特别的帐篷里，这是一个印第安人用树皮或兽皮制成的圆锥形帐篷，你将穿着用北美野牛皮缝制的衣服，戴着用羽毛制成的头饰。你还会参加拜日舞，拜日舞是-个非常重要的仪式，在那里你还会见到土著人抽和平烟斗。你还会看到射箭比赛，这个比赛的目的是为了重新讲述过去的平原印第安人是如何狩猎的。你吃的食物将会有在户外烧烤的野牛肉。

● Section 2 Background information about Cultural differences

I. April Fool’s Day-History, Traditions and more

Unlike most of the other nonfoolish holidays, the history of April Fool's Day, sometimes called All Fool's Day, is not totally clear. There really wasn't a “first April Fool's Day” that can be pinpointed on the calendar. Some believe it sort of evolved simultaneously in several cultures at the same time, from celebrations involving the first day of spring.

The closest point in time that can be identified as the beginning of this tradition was in 1582, in France. Prior to that year, the new year was celebrated for eight days, beginning on March 25. The celebration culminated on April 1. With the reform of the calendar under Charles IX, the Gregorian Calendar was introduced, and New Year's Day was moved to January 1.

However, communications being what they were in the days when news traveled by foot, many people did not receive the news for several years. Others, the more obstinate crowd, refused to accept the new calendar and continued to celebrate the new year on April 1. These backward folk were labeled as “fools” by the general populace. They were subject to some ridicule, and were often sent on “fools errands” or were made the butt of other practical jokes.

This harassment evolved, over time, into a tradition of prank-playing on the first day of April. The tradition eventually spread to England and Scotland in the eighteenth century. It was later introduced to the American colonies of both the English and French. April Fool's Day thus developed into an international fun festival, so to speak, with different nationalities specializing in their own brand of humor at the expense of their friends and families.

Mexico's counterpart of April Fool's Day is actually observed on December 28. Originally, the day was a sad remembrance of the slaughter of the innocent children by King Herod. It eventually evolved into a lighter commemoration involving pranks and trickery.

Pranks performed on April Fool's Day range from the simple, (such as saying, “Your shoe's untied!), to the elaborate. Setting a roommate's alarm clock back an hour is a common gag. Whatever the prank, the trickster usually ends it by yelling to his victim, ”April Fool!“

Practical jokes are a common practice on April Fool's Day. Sometimes, elaborate practical jokes are played on friends or relatives that last the entire day. The news media even gets involved. For instance, a British short film once shown on April Fool's Day was a fairly detailed documentary about ”spaghetti farmers“ and how they harvest their crop from the spaghetti trees.

April Fool's Day is a ”for-fun-only“ observance. Nobody is expected to buy gifts or to take their ”significant other“ out to eat in a fancy restaurant. Nobody gets off work or school. It's simply a fun little holiday, but a holiday on which one must remain forever vigilant, for he may be the next April Fool!

II. 文化震撼与调适

「文化震撼」（Culture Shock）主要是来自于两个不同文化差异而引起。可以发生在任何时候，任何新环境。很多时候，「文化震撼」会引起身体上的一些症状：如头痛、胃囗不好、睡眠失调或者心理上的焦虑、沮丧。

几乎每一个留学生都经验过文化震撼, 其实文化震撼并不是指突发一次即结束的 ”shock“ 的感觉，而是在一段时间内，密集式的有强有弱的震惊，仓惶和被冲击到的感觉。过去的文化背景和新文化差异愈大时，震撼的感觉会愈强且愈密集。文化震撼到结束，其实就是一个适应新文化的过程。对留学生来说，它通常有四个阶段：

1.抵美初期：这时候最急着学习、认识新环境、找寻住所、安排生活、选课和练习英文。整个

人充满热情和自信，急着安顿下来，同时又想赶快尝试许多事情。

2.蜜月期：你开始慢慢习惯新的环境时，适应的「蜜月期」就开始了。在这阶段，常常会觉得美国好多地方都「好好！」

3.震撼期：随着你更深入的接触美国文化，蜜月期就快结束了，而震撼期接着开始。这个阶段最主要的特色就是困惑和不舒服（包括生理和心理）。这时特别要注意身体健康，保持均衡饮食和适度运动。你必须试着调整自己，度过文化震撼。以下建议或许有些帮助：（1）保持你自己的观点；（2）重新评估你的期望；（3）敞开胸怀并培养敏锐的观察力（4）不要退缩：埋在书堆不是最好解决问题的方法，你必须去接触人、接触生活；（5）加强英文；（6）学会感谢；（7）找寻帮助。

4.恢复期

III 一般及社交礼仪

入境就要随俗，了解一些一般的美式生活礼仪是必要的，免得在各种场合里，做出不合宜的举动，使自己或对方尴尬。

1.一般礼仪：

一般而言，美国人在日常生活起居是大而化之，不讲俗套；和陌生人打打招呼，不见得便是想和你做友；一场愉快的交谈，不见得会变成知心莫逆，只有主动接触，以愉快的心情应对。以下是一些一般礼仪提供参考：

（1）常面带微笑，碰到认识的朋友时，主动的问候对方，别人问候你，也要反问候对方，表示关心。

（2）说话时语气诚恳、态度大方，当别人问候你时，回答尽量简洁。

（3）多赞美对方。

（4）到别人家作客时，有机会就要「赞不绝囗」。

（5）要注意自己的仪容整洁。

（6）别忘了说「Excuse me」，「Please」和「Thank You」。

2.社交礼仪：

（1）时间观念：约会应准时，如赴宴则最好迟到几分钟；如果早主人先到，反而失礼。若有紧急状况无法准时赴约，必须电话通知和解释，绝不可无疾而终，随意放人空等。

（2）赴宴：美国人会常说「随时来找我」，有些邀约是相当诚恳的，但拜访前仍应事先电话连系，确定时间，以免自己的「随时」而造成别人的不便。

（3）餐桌礼节：

a.餐巾用来拭嘴，切忌用来擦手或餐具。

b.注意使用刀叉顺序，以及叉匙性质。

c.刀叉斜放盘缘，表示尚在用餐之中；若完全放在盘中，则表示已使用完毕。

d.盐、胡椒瓶倘离座远，不可伸手去取，而须请隔座代劳递送。

e.上甜点或咖啡时，主人可开始致词，主宾亦可利用此时答谢。

（4）行路乘车：

行路一般以右为尊，女士同行，男士应走左边，出入应为女士推门。搭车时，车主驾车，前座为尊，馀则以后座右侧为尊。自己开车时须先为客人开车门，等坐定后始上车启动。

IV美国重要节日

节日通常有其特殊的文化背景，节日的仪式也有其特殊的意义。一年中，美国人按照传统习惯要欢度许多节日，庆祝方式各不相同。根据时间先后，主要节日有：

1.新年（New Year's Day）：

一月一日美国人过新年，但最热闹的是除夕晚上。

2.情人节（St. Valentine's Day）：

二月十四日，是情侣们交换礼物，表示爱意的欢乐节日。

3.圣派克节（St. Patrick's Day）：

三月十七日，纪念爱尔兰（Ireland）守护神圣派克。

4.复活节（Easter）：

复活节是基督教纪念耶稣复活的一个宗教节日。每年春分过去，第一次月圆后的第一个星期日就是复活节。如果月圆那天正好是星期日，复活节将延迟一周举行。彩蛋和兔子是复活节的象徵。复活节的传统食品主要有羊肉和火腿。

5.阵亡将士纪念日（Memorial Day）：

阵亡将士纪念日是美国大多数州都要纪念的节日，许多州将它订在五月的最后一个星期一。

6.独立日（Independence Day）：

独立日即美国的国庆节，日期为七月四日，以纪念一七七六年七月四日大陆会议通过「独立宣言」。

7.劳动节（Labor Day）：劳动节是美国全国性节日，为九月的第一个星期一，放假一天，以示对劳工的尊重，通常各地会有游行活动。

8.万圣节（Halloween）：

万圣节（All Saints' Day）是西方的传统节日，时间为十月卅一日。万圣节前夜，孩子们装扮成妖魔鬼怪，手提「杰克灯」，跑到邻居家门前，高声喊着：「Trick or Treat」，不给糖果的邻居就会遭到小孩的恶作剧，学校通常也有庆祝万圣节的化妆晚会。

9.感恩节（Thanksgiving Day）：

十一月的最后一个星期四是感恩节。

10.圣诞节（Christmas）：

十二月二十五日圣诞节，纪念耶稣诞辰，是美国最大最热闹的节日。

V. 阿拉伯国家之禁忌

莫夸奖任一中东国家, 不能双手交叉着说话, 洋娃娃不能当礼物, 禁穿有星星图案的衣服, 不送酒

VI. Valentine's Day

St. Valentine's Day has roots in several different legends that have found their way to us through the ages. One of the earliest popular symbols of the day is Cupid（爱神丘比特）, the Roman god of love, who is represented by the image of a young boy with bow and arrow.

February 14 was also a Roman holiday, held in honor of a goddess. Young men randomly chose the name of a young girl to escort to the festivities. The custom of choosing a sweetheart on this date spread through Europe in the Middle Ages, and then to the early American colonies. Throughout the ages, people also believed that birds picked their mates on February 14!

Whatever the odd mixture of origins, St. Valentine's Day is now a day for sweethearts. It is the day that you show your friend or loved one that you care. You can send candy to someone you think is special. Or you can send roses, the flower of love.

Americans of all ages love to send and receive valentines.

For teenagers and adults, major newspapers throughout the country have a Valentine's Day offer. Anyone can send in a message, for a small fee of course, destined for a would-be sweetheart, a good friend, an acquaintance or even a spouse of fifty years. The message is printed in a special section of the newspaper on February 14.

●Section 3 Words and expressions from Reading

●Welcome to the unit

1. Look at the pictures below and discuss the following questions with your partner. (P33)看下面的图画, 并与你的搭档讨论下面的问题.

1) below

adv. 1) at or to a lower level, position or place 在或向较低处

She looked down from the mountain to the valley below.

2) under the surface 在地下

The captain told the sailors to go below.

prep. Lower than; under 在…下;低于

Children below the age of 16 are not allowed to enter.

2) following

adj. next (to be mentioned) 随后的

The child was sick in the evening, but on the following day he seemed well again.

prep. after an event or as a result of 在…之后

Following the speech, there will be a few minutes for questions.

2. In the Middle East, Arabs greet each other by touching noses. (P33) 在中东, 阿拉伯人的见面礼是互相碰鼻子.

touch

vt. 1) be or come together with 9sth. else) so that there is no space between 接触,触及

One of the branches was touching the water.

2) make (sb./sb.s feelings) sympathetic or sad 感动(某人); 触动(某人的感情)

We were all deeply touched by his tragic experience.

touch用作名词的相关短语:

get in touch with 与…取得联系

keep in touch with 与…保持联系

lose touch with 与…失去联系

out of touch with 与…不联系

●Reading--- Cultural differences

1. Today I would like to talk to you guys and try to accumulate some more information about cultural differences because I have to do a piece of homework on cultural differences. (P34) 今天我想和伙计们谈谈, 并想搜集更多的关于文化差异的信息.因为我必须完成一份关于文化差异的家庭作业.

accumulate

vt. &vi. 1) gradually get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of sth. 积累,聚集

By investing wisely she accumulates a fortune.

2) increase in number or quality 增加

Dust or dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly.

2. This is a very interesting topic. (P34) 这是个很有趣的话题.

topic

n. (c) a subject which is discussed, written about or studied:

Our discussion ranged over various topics, such as acid rain and the hole in the ozone layer.

注意比较:

theme

n. (c) the main subject of a talk, book, film, etc. or a short, simple tune on which a piece of music is based: 主题

The theme of loss runs through most of his novels.

title (NAME)

n. (c) the name of a film, book, painting, piece of music, etc: 题目

The title of Evelyn Waugh's first novel was 'Decline and Fall'.

And this next record is the title track on the album 'The Red Shoes' (= the piece of music and the

record are both called 'The Red Shoes').

3. Here at my school in Brunei, we experience cultural differences all the time because we have some native English teachers. (P34) 在文莱, 我们在学校里一直能体会到文化差异, 因为我们有几位以英语为母语的老师.

all the time 一直

The letter I was searching for was in my pocket all the time.

相关高考试题

----Can the project be finished as planned?

----Sure, ______ it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day. （福建）

A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get

答案：B

4. He gets quite excited whenever it comes to this topic.（P34）一谈到这个话题，他就很兴奋。

get excited (变得)兴奋起来

He got excited when he heard the news.

Note:（1）get+ p.p. 使自己处于某种状态和情况；或表被动意义。如：

get dressed 穿上 get married 结婚

get burnt 烧伤，晒黑了 get paid 得以付钱

get drunk 喝醉酒 get started 开始

（2）get + adj. 表示达到某种状态或情况

get well/bored/hungry/worried/fat/fit/cold, etc.

come to

1) to reach a particular point or state:

His hair comes right down to his shoulders.

He's tiny, he doesn't even come up to my chest!

And now I come to (= I will mention) my main point.

The war had just come to an end (= ended).

2) to be a particular total when numbers or amounts are added together:

That comes to 25.

3) If you come to a decision, arrangement etc., you make a decision or decide what to think about sth.:

We haven't come to a decision on the matter yet.

Have you come to any conclusions about the story yet?

4)to become conscious again after an accident or operation:

Has he come to yet?

5) If a thought or idea comes to you, you suddenly remember or start to think about it:

I can't remember his name - it'll come to me in a minute.

相关高考试题

Most of us know we should cut down on fat, but knowing such things isn’t much help when it ______ shopping and eating. (2006天津)

A. refers to B. speaks of C. focuses on D. comes to

答案：D.

5. I suppose Waled has already told you about the British teacher who opened the present as soon as he was given it at the end-of-term ceremony? （P34）我想威得已经告诉了你关于那位在期末典礼上将收到的礼物立刻就打开了的英国老师的事了吧？

suppose

vt. 1) to think that sth. is likely to be true:

[+ (that)] I couldn't get any reply when I called Dan, so I suppose (that) he's gone out.

He found it a lot more difficult to get a job than he supposed it would be.

[+ (that)] Do you suppose (that) Gillian will marry him?

It is widely supposed (that) the minister will be forced to resign.

[+ to infinitive] We all supposed him to be German, but in fact he was Swiss.

Her new book is supposed to be (= generally people think it is) very good.

2) [+ (that)] used in making polite requests:

I don't suppose (that) you could/I suppose you couldn't lend me 5 till tomorrow, could you?

Note: be supposed to 相当于 should

6. The British teachers didn’t know what he was talking about or what Thanksgiving was held in celebration of. (P34) 来自英国的老师不知道他在谈论什么, 也不知道感恩节是为庆祝什么而举行的.

in celebration of: in order to celebrate

celebrate

vi.&vt. to take part in special enjoyable activities in order to show that a particular occasion is important:

We always celebrate our wedding anniversary by going out to dinner.

If this plan works, we'll celebrate in style (= in a special way).

celebration

n. [C or U] a special social event, such as a party, when you celebrate sth. or the act of celebrating sth.:

There were lively New Year celebrations all over town.

Such good news calls for (= deserves) a celebration!

Let's buy some champagne in celebration of her safe arrival.

注意比较:

celebrate表“庆祝”，宾语是事，即后接sth. 其名词构成的词组为：have/hold a celebration(举行庆祝会)in celebration of…（为了庆祝…）

congratulate表“祝贺”其宾语是受到祝贺的人，可组成短语congratulate sb. on sth./doing…

名词congratulation可构成短语congratulations to sb. on sth./doing…

7. In the UK, the guests are expected to give presents to the newly-weds, but in Italy, the newly-weds are expected to give their guests presents as a souvenir to remember the big day. (P35) 在英国, 客人通常要送礼物给新婚夫妇, 而在意大利,新婚夫妇要给客人门赠送礼物作为记住这一个重要日子的纪念品.

expect

vt. 1) to think or believe sth. will happen, or someone will arrive:

We are expecting a lot of applicants for the job.

[+ (that)] I expect (that) you'll find it somewhere in your bedroom.

I expect (that) he'd have left anyway.

[+ to infinitive] He didn't expect to see me.

The financial performance of the business is fully expected (= almost certain) to improve.

We were half expecting you not to come back.

2) to think that someone should behave in a particular way or do a particular thing:

I expect punctuality from my students.

[+ to infinitive] Borrowers are expected to (= should) return books on time.

expected

adj. [before noun]

The expected counter-attack never happened.

expectancy

n. [U] when you think that sth. exciting or pleasant is going to happen:

There was a general air of expectancy in the crowd.

expectation

n. 1) [C usually plural] when you expect good things to happen in the future:

The holiday lived up to all our expectations (= was as good as we were expecting).

I have high expectations for this job (= I believe it will be good).

We did so well - beyond all (= better than) our expectations.

I think she had unrealistic expectations of motherhood.

2) [C or U] when you expect sth. to happen:

Considering the injuries he's had there can be little expectation of him winning the race.

Our expectations are that the UK will cut its interest

相关高考试题

When he turned professional at the age of 11, Mike _____ to become a world champion by his coach and parents. (2006上海)

A. expected B. was expecting C. was expected D. would be expected

答案：C

8. So, to clarify, if I got married in the UK, I would expect a present, but if I got married in Italy, I would have to give a present. (P35) 让我来说得更清楚些. 如果我是在英国结婚的话, 我就会得到一份礼物, 但如果我是在意大利结婚的话, 我就得送给别人一份礼物.

clarify

vt. 1) to make sth. clear or easier to understand by giving more details or a simpler explanation:

Could you clarify the first point please? I don't understand it completely.

The position of all shareholders will be clarified next month when we finalize our proposals.

2) to remove water and unwanted substances from fat, such as butter, by heating it

clarification

n. [C or U]

Some further clarification (= explanation) of your position is needed.

clarified

adj.

You often use clarified butter when making curry.

9. If a man participates in a wedding reception in Brunei, he has to sit with the bridegroom and the other men. (P35) 如果一位男士是在文莱参加婚宴, 他就得和新郎及其他的男士坐在一起.

1) participate

vi. to take part in or become involved in an activity:

She never participates in any of our discussions, does she?

participation

n. [U] when you take part or become involved in sth.

participant

n [C] a person who takes part in or becomes involved in a particular activity

2) reception

n. 1) [U] the act of welcoming someone or sth.:

The new hospital was ready for the reception of its first patients.

相关高考试题

--- Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?

--- He rushed out of the room ______ I could say a word. (2006四川)

A. before B. until C. when D. after

答案：A

12. …, it’s time for me to log off,…, (P35) 我要下线了.

log

n. [C] a thick piece of tree trunk or branch, especially one cut for burning on a fire

vt./vi. to cut down trees so that you can use their wood:

The forest has been so heavily logged that it is in danger of disappearing.

vt. to officially record sth.:

The Police Complaints Authority has logged more than 90 complaints.

logging

n. [U] the activity of cutting down trees for wood:

logging companies.

phrasal verb to connect a computer to a computer system by typing your name, so that you can start working:

Log on using your name and password.

log off/out

phrasal verb to stop a computer being connected to a comput

篇8：牛津模块6 Unit 4 全单元教学设计(译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

Part One Teaching Design

第一部分教学设计

Aims and requirements

Read a speech made by a UN Goodwill Ambassador and the diary entry of a Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) nurse

Listen to a news report about problems in the mountains in northern Thailand

Discuss the work and skills of a UN Goodwill Ambassador and talk about ways in which students could help children in poor areas

Write a proposal suggesting ways to help poor children

Make an action plan of things you could do to help your community

Procedures

● Welcome to the Unit

Step 1: Brainstorming

As we all known, we human beings are often stricken by natural disasters. Can you name some of them?

flood, fire, volcano, earthquake, typhoon, hurricane, tsunami, desertification, sandstorm

tornado, drought…

Do they have anything in common? What’s it?

They share one common feature, that is, they cause a great deal of damage to buildings and hurt lots of people.

Would you ask for help if you were involved in a natural disaster? Which organization or person would you turn to for help?

firemen, policemen, PLA men, doctors, governments, Red Cross, hospitals, first-aid station…

Step 2: Sharing information

1. Let’s watch a series of news first. What can we learn from the news?

The whole world is a large family. We make every effort to help the people in trouble, no matter who they’re.

To help the people in trouble more efficiently, more and more international organizations are set up. They help many people around the world to have better lives, especially when things go wrong. What organizations do you know of that can help with the people in trouble?

For reference

美国慈善国际组织（Mercy Corps）

英国全球伙伴组织（Global Partner）

爱尔兰关怀组织（Ireland’s Concern）

法国“泪水”基金会（French Tear Fund）

亚洲医生联合协会（AMDA）

世界宣明会(World Vision)

…

For reference

Actually, there are many governmental organizations and non-governmental organizations that aim at improving the harsh situations. The International Committee of the Red Cross is dedicated to providing humanitarian aids in different areas around the world. Doctors Without Borders or Medecins Sans Frontieres ( MSF) is an independent international medical relief organization that aids victims of armed conflicts, epidemics and natural and man-made disasters, and others who lack health care due to social or geographical isolation, There are also some other organizations in the world which serve the purpose of offering help to those in need.

2. Look at the six pictures at page 49, these pictures present situations where people need international aid. Let’s have a discussion about them.

Picture 1

Can you guess from the caption what the main tasks of peacekeeping soldiers are?

To keep the peace in the countries or areas where there have been wars or conflicts.

Do you think these soldiers play an important role in maintaining the world peace?

Do you think this kind of job is very demanding, challenging and risky? Why or why not?

When you grow up, would you like to do this kind of job if you had the chance? Why or why not?

Picture 2

What can you see in the picture?

It is a picture of African children living in a poverty-stricken area. They suffer from malnutrition and hunger because of lack of food..

Can you imagine what will happen to these hungry children if nobody helps?

Some of them may die of hunger.

How do you feel when you see this picture?

How can we help them?

Picture 3

What can you see in the picture?

A flooded area.

Suppose your home was struck by a flood, what would your life be like? Would you still live a normal life as before?

No. For example, the roads would be blocked by the broken trees; the means of communication and traffic-roads and railway would be cut off.

Picture 4

What can you see in the picture?

Water is being pumped into the fields.

What factors can ensure a good harvest?

Proper methods of farming, fertile soil, sufficient volume of rainfall, enough sunlight, advanced technology, etc.

What would happen if there was not enough water for farming?

Farmers would be very worried about their crops if there was a drought, as a drought sometimes can cause a famine.

Picture 5

What is the doctor in the picture doing?

Working to help people in poor countries.

Why do you think that doctors and nurses need to go to poor areas or countries to help?

People in poor areas don’t have money to go to hospital if they are ill. In addition, hospitals in these areas cannot provide the doctors and nurses with enough training or equipment.

Picture 6

Apart from the problems listed above, people in poverty are still facing many other difficulties. Can you name some of them?

Do you think children can receive good education and good medical care in poor areas?

Can their daily necessities be guaranteed? If not, what will happen?

For reference

International aid aims to help people, especially those in the poverty-stricken areas in some developing countries, to improve their living standards and better their lives.

Besides, it offers timely and appropriate medical help and provides sufficient educational opportunities for the children. For more information, you can visit the following website: http: //www.gospelcom.net / ia /

Step 3: Discussion

Have you ever helped people in need? What did you do to help them?

Yes, I have. I remember when I was in primary school, the teacher asked us to donate our pocket money to Project Hope. I gave all my pocket money that I saved a long time. Though it was not much, I still wanted to do something to show that I cared. I also had a pen friend from a rural area in northern China when I was in junior high school. Apart from exchanging information about our lives with her, I occasionally mailed her some of my spare books and stationery. During the Spring Festival, I also shared my red packets with her.

Step 4: Homework

1. Collect more information about international organizations helping people in need.

2. Prepare the Reading part.

Reading The UN-bringing everyone closer together

Step 1: Lead-in

Now, we’re studying in the large, bright classroom equipped with advanced facilities. In this environment, most of us believe we can realize our dreams as long as we work hard. But look at these pictures. Do you think they have dreams as well? What do you think they can do to realize their dreams?

So, we know that in other parts of the world, there are lots of children who are still struggling with starvation or war. Have you ever thought about doing something for those children to help them realize their dreams? If you have, what would you do?

For reference

1. Make a donation to help more children in poor areas to attend school.

2. Help to raise the public’s awareness about the plight of the poor.

…

Step 2: Fast reading for general ideas

Go through the passage as quickly as possible and try to find answers to the three questions in part A on Page 50. Just focus on and identify the information needed to answer these questions.

Answers

A 1 A businesswoman and a Goodwill Ambassador.

2 191 countries.

3 Countries in Africa.

Step 3: Detailed reading for important information

1. Let’s read the speech a second time and complete Parts C1 and C2 on page 52

Answers

C1 1 An international group made up of countries that want to increase peace.

2 Honoured and happy.

3 They come from different countries that belong to the UN.

4 She mainly visits countries where the UN has programmes to help people.

5 Baskets. They sell them at the market.

6 Lack of education, lack of money, lack of food, poverty, disasters and disease.

7 Access to fresh drinking water for everyone and primary education for all children.

C2 1 F 2 F 3 T 4 F 5 T 6 T

2. Listen to the tape and choose the best answers to the following questions:

(1) What occupation does Tang Ning take up in the UN?

A. The Secretary-General.

B. A Goodwill Ambassador.

C. The spoken man.

D. A clerk.

(2) How much money does she earn by doing the job?

A. She earns a lot.

B. She volunteers. She gets no salary for the job.

C. She earns some, though not much.

D. It isn’t mentioned in the article.

(3) What project or projects has she been involved in?

A. She helps develop the world’s education.

B. She helps deal with such problems as poverty and disasters.

C. She visits countries where the UN has programmes to help people.

D. She visits the poorest areas in the world.

Keys BBC

3. Now read the speech a third time and fill in the table with the correct answers.

The United Nations

When it was set up After the Second World War in October 1945

Countries in the UN (originally) 51 countries

(recently) 191 countries

Problems it deals with helps end some of the world’s most horrible conflicts; assists the victims of wars and disasters; protects human rights; improves international laws; helps with other problems such as lack of education, lack of food, poverty, disasters and diseases

Its four main purposes to keep international peace

to develop friendly relationships among nations

to cooperate in solving international problems and in promoting respect for human rights

to be a center for organizing the actions or work of different nations

Goals it promises to achieve by eight goals, one of which is to ensure that fresh drinking water is available to everyone and another is that all children complete primary education

Step 4: Practice

1. Let’s complete Parts D (Refer to the text while completing part D)

Answers

D 1. d 2. f 3. a 4. g 5. I 6.h 7. e 8. c 9. b

2. Now, let’s read an article about Tang Ning’s speech by a newspaper reporter and fill in the blanks with the given words. After that, you’ll be more familiar with the speech. Finish the exercise by yourselves and we’ll check the answers later together.

Answers

(1)honoured (2)international

(3)purposes (4)laws

(5)poverty (6)disasters

(7)encourage (8)drinking water

Step 5: Post-reading activities

1. Pair work:

Now, have a discussion with your partner. Suppose you are a journalist from a local newspaper and have the chance to interview Tang Ning. What other thins do you want to ask her apart from what you already know?

For reference

Ms Tang, I’m very happy to have the chance to interview you today. I know that you do lots of work for the UN but you get no pay. Why do you choose to work without pay? Do you think it’s rewarding? Do you think international organizations like the UN play a significant part in helping those in need and developing society? What if we lived in a world without organizations like the UN?

2. Group work:

Let’s hold a debate: If Tang Ning was not a successful businesswoman, do you think she would still be chosen to be a Goodwill Ambassador?

3. Let’s come to Part F. Work in pairs and share your opinions with each other.

4. Discussion: How do you understand the title The UN-bringing everyone closer together?

Step 6: Language points

Vocabulary Words refer, operate, honour, purpose, touch, conflict, worthy, press, draw, lack, remote

Useful expressions refer to, feel honoured to do, take on, be based on, be involved in, draw one’s attention, add…to…, under the umbrella of, apart from, set out, on behalf of

Sentence patterns 1. I am pleased to have …, as it is more often referred to.

2. As you know, the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.

3. Now let me tell you about the work I have been doing with them.

4. One of the goals is to ensure…. Another is to ensure….

Step 7: Homework

Parts A1 and A2 on page124 in Workbook.

●Word power

Step 1: Brainstorming

1. As we all know, the United Nations plays a very important role in handling world affairs. It touches many parts of our daily lives. The UN works in agriculture, economic growth, education, health, environment, global partnerships and some other fields. The UN is connected to many different organizations that do different projects or programmes.

To know more about the UN organizations, we need to do some research. I suggest you look in newspapers, magazines, books in the library and perhaps on the Internet for more information about how many divisions and organizations are connected to the UN and what they are.

For reference

The UN organizations

Programmes and Funds

1.UNHCR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

2. WFP World Food Programme

3. UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East

4.UN-HABITAT United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UNHSP)

5. UNFPA United Nations Population Fund

6. UNCDF United Nations Capital Development Fund

7. UNV United Nations Volunteers

8. UNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for Women

9. UNDP United Nations Development Programme

10. UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund

UNEP United Nations

Environment Programme

1. UNDCP United Nations Drug Control Programme

2. ITC International Trade Centre (UNCTAD/WTO)

3. UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

Specialized Agencies

1. ILO International Labor Organization

2. FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

3. UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

4. WHO World Health Organization

World Bank Group

1. IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

2. IDA International Development Association

3. IFC International Finance Corporation

4. MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency

5. ICSID International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes

6. IMF International Monetary Fund

7. ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization

8. IMO International Maritime Organization

9. ITU International Tele-communication Union

10. UPU Universal Postal Union

11. WMO World Meteorological Organization

12. WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization

13. IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development

14. UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization

15. WTO World Tourism Organization

Step 2: Vocabulary learning

1. First, I’d like to ask you some questions to see whether you’ve got some information about the UN?

Which organizations did you find are connected to the UN?

Please choose one organization and tell us when it was set up. What does the organization mainly focus on?

What do you think of its role in the UN or in the world?

2. Let’s read an article found in the library about the different organizations connected to the UN. Try to know the main functions of these organizations. After that, we’ll have a discussion.

Suppose an island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean has been struck by a terrible hurricane. All the supplies have been cut off, roads have been blocked and lots of people have been blocked and lots of people have been injured. If so, what organizations or programmes could they turn to for help?

Which organizations contribute a lot to the equal education of children and equal treatment of women?

What do the letters E, S and C in UNESCO stand for? In your opinion, what is UNESCO responsible for?

3. Now we’ve had a better understanding of the organizations of the UN. Let’s try to complete the chart on Part B.

Answers

B (2) Food and Agricultural Organization

(3) UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

(4) World Health Organization

(5) International Civil Aviation Organization

(6) Universal Postal Union

(7) World Bank group

(8) International Monetary Fund

(10) UN Environment Progamme

(11) UN Drugs Control Programme

(12) UN Development Programme

(13) UN Development Fund for Women

Step3: Vocabulary extension

1. Now let’s come to part C on page 27. Read the passage and fill in the blanks correctly.

Answers

C (1) International Monetary Fund

(2) International Civil Aviation Organization

(3) Universal Postal Union

(4) UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

(5) Food and Agricultural Organization

(6) International Labour organization

(7) World Health Organization

2. Do you know what UN and NGOs stand for? Can you give the full name of them?

This shortened version of the name of something is called an acronym. It consists of the first letter of each word of the name. As for the pronunciation of an acronym, it is sometimes read as individual letters and sometimes read as a new word.

Now, please work out the acronyms on P55.

Answers

IMF International Monetary fund

FAO Food and Agricultural Organization

ILO International Labour Organization

UNESCO United nations Educational, scientific and cultural organization

WHO World Health Organization

UNEP United Nations Environment Programme

3. Now, I’ll give you more acronyms of international organizations. Do you know their full name?

WTO World Trade Organization

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization

ADB Asian Development bank

ICRC International Committee of the red Cross

ITU International Telecommunication Union

4. Reading:

words: 127 time: 2’10’’

Origin of World Refugee Day

For years, many countries and regions have been holding their own Refugee Days and even Weeks. One of the most widespread is Africa Refugee Day, which is celebrated on 20 June in several countries.

As an expression of solidarity with Africa, which hosts the most refugees, and which traditionally has shown them great generosity, the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution 55/76 on 4 December . In this resolution, the General Assembly noted that 2001 marked the 50th anniversary of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, and that the Organization of African Unity (OAU) had agreed to have International Refugee Day coincide with Africa Refugee Day on 20 June. The Assembly therefore decided that, from 2001, 20 June would be celebrated as World Refugee Day.

Step 4: Homework

Read the transcript in Part B on page 129 in Workbook.

● Grammar and Usage

Step 1: General introduction

This section teaches four other cases that need to use unreal conditionals. You’ll learn the forms of mixed unreal conditionals, words that can replace if-clauses in implied conditionals and the usage of wish or would rather in unreal conditionals.

Step 2: Revision

As we learned in the last unit, when a sentence is talking about something that is not real or currently impossible, the verb will be used in a special form that expresses a wish, possibility, condition, etc.

Here’re some exercises for you. Choose the best answers:

1. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.

A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been

2. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.

A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be

3. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving

C. Were he to leave D. If he leave

4. Should it rain, the crops _____ .

A. would be saved B. would have been saved

C. will be saved D. had been saved

5. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.

A. would B. should have C. may D. have

6. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?

A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow

7. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.

A. may not make B. might not make

C. shouldn’t have made D. might not have made

8. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.

A. were B. had been C. are D. should be

Keys 1-5 CBCAB 6-8 ADC

Step 3: Explanation and practice

1. We should first pay attention to the forms of the predicate verbs in different tenses when we use sentences in unreal conditional. Let’s remember how to form unreal conditionals of the present, past or future time.

tense If-- clause main clause

present did(were) would/ should/ could/ might do

past had done would/ should/ could/ might have done

future did，should do，were to do would/ should/ could/ might do

2. We use mixed conditionals when the main clause and the if-clause are about different tenses.

e.g. 1) If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you would know what we are doing now.

2) If you had followed my advice, you would not be in trouble now.

Now, complete Part A. Pay attention to the different tenses in the if-clause and the main clause.

Answers

A (1) had not studied (2) would not be

(3) had studied (4) would have

(5) knew (6) would be

(7) could help (8) would not be

3. Read Point 2. Sometimes we can use otherwise, or and phrases beginning with with, without and but for to replaces a if-clause in implied conditionals. Pay attention to the verb form in the main clauses.

4. In adverbial clauses introduced by even if, as if, as though and if only we can use unreal conditionals.

In object clauses after wish or would rather the subjunctive verb forms are often used because the speaker thinks what is said in the clause is currently not true or possible, or will not happen. You should know different subjunctive verb forms are used in the object clause according to the time that the event happened or will happen.

e.g. 1) I wish you had met him yesterday.

2) Without your help , we couldn’t have made such progress in my study in the past few years .

3) If only you hadn’t told him what I said! Everything would have been all right.

4) Without electronic computers, much of today's advanced technology couldn’t have been achieved.

5. Read the dialogue in Part B and fill in each blank with a proper word or phrase according to the meaning of the sentence.

Answers

(1) Without (2) otherwise/or (3) otherwise/or (4) wish (5)With

(6) Without (7) even if (8)without (9) If only (10) as if

For reference

动词的语气--虚拟语气

一、语气的定义和种类

l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2、语气的种类：

(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如: Open the door, please。请打开门。

二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法

在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:

从句主句

与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were） would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词

与将来事实相反动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动词原形 would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

注: 主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should 可用于各种人称。

l、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如: If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。

2、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如: If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't (couldn’t) have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。

3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如: If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would，could，might) go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天，我就 (可能)去看望我奶奶。If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。

4、有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。例如: If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在)

5、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式:

(l)省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。例如: Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做这事。

(2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。如: Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help) I couldn’t have done it. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。 I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) 我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。(如果我那天不忙的话，我就……)；I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. (If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.) 我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。(如果我没生病的话，我就会完成……)

6、省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。

(1)省去条件从句。如: You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了”If you had wanted to“)(事实是:你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。)

(2)省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。如: If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世。)；If only she had not left! 如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)

三、虚拟语气的其他用法

l、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在”It is important (strange，natural，necessary)that…“这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “should十动词原形”结构，表示某事是”重要“、”奇怪“、”自然“、”必要“等意义。如: It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules. 重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。

2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法：

(1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。如: I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道)；2）表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用”had十过去分词“。如: I wish (wished) I hadn’t spent so much money. 我后悔不该花那么多钱。(实际上已经花掉)；3)表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为”would十动词原形“。如: I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止；I wish you would come soon. 但愿你立刻来。

(2)在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。如: I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答复我。

3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法

(1)在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone t his office. 即使生了病，他俩去办公室。

(2)由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had十过去分词”。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。

注:如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。

4、虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：在”It is time (that) …“句型中，定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是”该干某事的时候了“。如: It’s (high) time we did our homework. 我们该做作业了。

5、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法

(1)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌，或委婉的语气，常见于日常会话中。如: It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别太晚睡觉。

(2)在一些习惯表达中。如: I would rather not tell you. 我宁愿不告诉你。

(3)用“may + 动词原形”表示”祝愿“、”但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如：May you be happy!祝你快乐！May good luck be yours.祝你顺利。

相关高考试题

1. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ____________ yesterday. (2006全国)

A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened

2. ---Don’t you think it necessary that he ________ to Miami but to New York?

---I agree, but the problem is ________he has refused to. (2005江苏)

A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that

C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what

3. If I ________plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. (2005湖北)

A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to

Keys 1-3 DBB

Step 4: Consolidation

I. Multiple choice

1. We demanded that we __________ of any change in the plan.

A. informed B. would be informed C. be informed D. had been informed

2. It’s necessary that he _________ a recognized qualification.

A. has B. have C. had D. having

3. It's high time we ____________ our attention to this problem.

A. turned B. turn C. had turned D. would turn

4. If only you __________ him what I said! Everything would have been all right.

A. didn't told B. hadn't told C. would not tell D. would have not told

5. He must have had an accident, or he____________ here then.

A. would have been B. had been C. should have been D. could be

6. Much labour would have been saved if the electronic computers_____________ before.

A. had invented B. were invented

C. should have been invented D. had been invented

7. _____________ cease advertising, prices would be significantly reduced.

A. Were they to B. Could they C. If they D. Would they

8. Five minutes earlier, and we ____________ the last bus.

A. had caught B. should have caught C. could have caught D. caught

9. You ____________ the clothes! We have a washerwoman to do that sort of thing.

A. shouldn't have washed B. mustn't have washed

C. can not have washed D. needn't have washed

10. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she _________ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.

A. has to get B. were to get C. had got D. could have got

11. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____________ himself.

A. injure B. had injured C. injured D. would injure

12. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios __________ after 11 o'clock at night.

A. were not played B. not to play C. not be played D. did not play

13. You don't have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you _________ on business first.

A. would go B. will go C. went D. have gone

14. It is important that enough money ___________ to fund the project.

A. be collected B. must be collected C. was collected D. can be collected

15. If only the committee __________ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.

A. approve B. will approve C. can approve D. would approve

16. I don't think it advisable that Tom ________ to the job since he has no experience.

A. is assigned B. will be assigned C. be assigned D. has been assigned

17. You _________ her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town for two weeks.

A. needn't have seen B. must have seen C. might have seen D. can't have seen

18. We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _________ him.

A. would have telephoned B. must have telephoned

C. would telephone D. had telephoned

19. It is recommended that the project _________ until all the preparations have been made.

A. is not started B. will not be started

C. not be started D. is not to be started

20. I wish I ________ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept

21. I ________ her to the party but I didn't know her well.

A. ought have invited B. would have invited

C. should invite D. may have invited

22. You ________ to town to see the film last week. It will be on TV tomorrow.

A. needn't go B. should not go C. had better not go D. needn't have gone

23. --- Would you have called her up had it been possible?

---- Yes, but I ________ busy doing my homework..

A. was B. were C. had been D. would be

24. It was essential that the application forms ___________ back before the deadline

A. must be sent B. would be sent C. be sent D. were sent

25. It is important that we ________.

A. shall close the window before we leave B. will close the window before we leave

C. must close the window before we leave D. close the window before we leave

II. Translation

1. 我不知道他的电话号码，否则我就打电话给他了。

2. 他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很忙。

3. ---如果可能的话你会不会打电话给他？

---会的，不过我当时在忙着做家庭作业呢。

4．如果你昨晚没有看电影到那么晚的话，你现在就不会这么困了。

5. 没有电，今天人类的生活就完全不同了。

Keys

I. 1-5: CBABC 6-10: DACDB 11-15: ACCAD 16-20: CDACA 21-25: BDACD

II.

1. I didn't know his telephone number, otherwise I would have telephoned him.

2. He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.

3．---- Would you have called her up had it been possible?

---- Yes, but I were busy doing my homework.

4．If you hadn’t seen that film late last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy.

5．Without electricity, human life would be quite different today.

●Task Helping poor children

Skills building 1: listening for specifics

In this part, you will learn how to listen for problems and the causes of the problems. We always have something specific to listen for when we listen to something. We should try to seize the key phrases or sentences that are relevant.

First let’s have a discussion about the following questions:

If we want to know what the problem is when we are listening to a news report, what phrases or sentences should we pay special attention to?

(The problem is that…/As you can see…/The result is …/This means …)

If we want to know what has caused the problem when we are listening to a news report, what should we pay special attention to?

(This is because…/This problem has been caused by…/Unfortunately, …/…as…)

Step 1: finding out about problems

1. Now read the guidelines in Part A on page 58 to find out what you’ll listen for and what you are asked to do in this part. Go over the table in Part A. Then listen to the tape, trying to complete the table.

Tapescript

Reporter: Here I am in northern Thailand. As you can see, the families living here are living in very poor conditions. There is no running water and no electricity in this village. Water has to be collected from the river 10 minutes’ walk away. This may seem near but when you need water for many things, walking 10 minutes is a long time. The water then needs to be boiled before it can be used. The result of not boiling the water is illness. As you can see, the villagers’ houses are built of wood and are not very strong. This is because they have no money and cannot get hold of any materials. The people have very few things like clothes or furniture because they have no money and they are a long way from the nearest town. There is a bus but you have to walk six kilometers to get to the nearest road.

As I said earlier, there is no electricity in this village, so when it is dark, the only light comes from the small fires that the family cooks over. Unfortunately, much of the forest around the village has been cut down for firewood and so the villagers have to walk further and further away from the village to get wood. This also means that water may not be boiled for long enough as there is very little wood. This is going to be a big problem in the future.

Answers

A (1) no running water (3) no money (4) few clothes or furniture

(5) no electricity (6) forest has been cut down

2. Listen to the second part of the report and finish the table in Part B on P59.

Now listen to the lecture for a second time, and finish Part A & Part B on P33.

Tapescript

Reporter: Over there you can see the school. As the village is poor, the school has no roof. There are no chairs either, so the children have to sit on the floor. When it rains, school is stopped. Many children, especially the girls, do not go to school because they have to stay at home and help their parents or grandparents with the farming of their small pieces of land. All the farming is done by hand as the villagers have no money for equipment. It is difficult to raise animals because of the small amount of land and water available. Because of this and the lack of fresh water, many of the children have poor diets. A common problem is that they de not eat enough meat to get the amount of protein that they need. As a result, they do not grow properly and cannot concentrate on learning. Another problem is that many of the children’s parents have died because of AIDS. This means that the grandparents have to bring up the children. That is very difficult because they are already old and poor.

Answers

(1) poverty

(2) many children, especially girls, do not go to school

(4) all farming is done by hand

(5) small amount of land and water available

(6) children have poor diets

(7) children do not grow properly

(8) many of the children’s parents have died of AIDS

(9) grandparents have to bring up children

(10) grandparents are old and poor

3. Read the report in Part C. Try to get more information needed to finish the two tables.

Answers

A (2) repairing of pumps takes several days

B (3) not enough money

Skills building 2: discussing in groups

In this unit, you will review the sentence structures used to make suggestions, ask for opinions, express agreement or disagreement and make conclusions.

1. In a discussion, people usually give suggestions. There are some sentences or sentence structures used particularly for this purpose. What sentences do you know are often used to make suggestions? Remember you should be polite or not too blunt when giving suggestions. Please make some sentences using the structures given on P60.

For reference

I think it would be a good idea to post our proposal on the Internet.

We could help by giving out leaflets to ask people to donate money.

I would like to suggest that we organize a charity show.

It would be a good idea if we sell old books to raise money

2. In a discussion, we also need to know opinions from others, and we often use questions to ask for other people’s opinions. Now please make some sentences to ask others for their opinions.

3. Now, use the skills we have learned in part A to skim and scan for specific information from the newspaper article in Part B and answer the four questions.

4. There are many ways to express personal opinions about a suggestion. Let’s learn how to express disagreement in a polite way. Please make some sentences to express agreement or disagreement using the sentence structures given in point 3 on P60.

For reference

I agree to organize a charity show because more people will come and help.

That’s a great idea, but who will star in the show, who will be the host, and where we will hold the show are all problems we must think about.

I’m sorry but I don’t think that will work because we will need lots of money for the show.

5. At the end of the discussion, the group members should make conclusions and work out a solution. Please make some sentences to give conclusion or solution using the sentence structures given in point 4 on P60.

For reference

So to summarize, our group has decided to organize a charity show.

In conclusion, we have decided to organize a charity show.

Step 2: making suggestions

Now, let’s use the speaking skills we just learned. Let’s have a discussion: What can we do to help the poor children in northern Thailand?

Sample answers

S1: All of us have listened to the news report and read the article about the poor children in northern Thailand. I feel really sorry for them. What do you think we can do to help them?

Does anyone have any suggestions? I’ll write down your ideas.

S2: I think we could help by raising some money for them. I’d like to donate my pocket money.

S3: That’s a good idea. I suggest that we make a poster telling the students in our school about what kind of life these children have. We can ask all the students to donate some of their pocket money.

S4: OK, that sounds like a good idea. I would like to donate some books.

S2: I’m sorry but I don’t think that would work. They won’t be able to read the books because they don’t understand Chinese. Maybe we can give them some English books. Does anyone have any other ideas?

S3: I think we can sell the old Chinese books to get some more money.

S4: Good idea. I would like to suggest giving them some clothes. I have many old clothes that I no longer wear. I think I could give them to the children there.

S2: I agree, but how can we send these books and clothes to them?

S3: We can go to a shipping company and ask if they can help to ship these things there.

S1: OK, so we’ve decided to raise as much money as we can and donate English books and clothes to children. We can also write a letter to them and tell them we want to help them.

Skills building 3: writing a proposal

When we want to give some suggestion, we sometimes need to write a proposal. In this unit, we’ll learn the structure of a proposal and what should be included in a proposal.

Read the six points in this part and try to find out which is the most important point in a proposal.

Step 3: composing a proposal

In this part, you’re required to write a proposal to UNICEF about how to help the hill tribe children in northern Thailand with information that you have learnt in Steps 1and 2.

1. Work in pairs and have a discussion: What should you write on the proposal to UNICEF? What title will you give to your proposal?

2. Now, work in groups of four to write the proposal.

3. Now, let’s share you proposals.

Possible example

Title: Helping the hill tribe children in northern Thailand

Group members: (Students’ own names)

Introduction: We have been researching the problems faced by the children in northern Thailand. There are many villages in northern Thailand where children do not have books. Their classrooms have no roofs. Many girls cannot go to school. Our group would like to help them.

Proposal:

We would like to help the children by:

donating the money collected from the students and teachers in our school

donating English books collected from the students in our school

donating clothes collected from the students in our school

writing a letter to them to tell them that we want to do what we can to help them

Benefits:

Helping the hill tribe children in northern Thailand to go to school and live a better life

Helping us recognize that there are many people in the world that need help

We would be pleased if you would approve our proposal. If you require any further information, please contact us.

Our contact details are:

(Students’ school address)

●Project Making an action plan

Reading

1.At the beginning of this class, let’s watch a video. From it, we know that when a nation is in trouble, the people all over the world will give a hand. And we also know that when a destructive disaster happens, medical aid is especially important to the injured people.

Today we’ll read a diary entry of a nurse who works for an international organization that provides medical service around the world. After that, I’m sure you’ll have a better understanding about what can be done to help poor people in poor areas.

2. Pair work: Have a discussion about the following questions:

Have you ever heard of an organization called MSF?

What does MSF stand for?

What does it mean in English?

Who do you think the members of MSF are?

What do you think the members of MSF do?

For reference

About MSF:

The MSF role in emergency medical aid

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is an international humanitarian aid organization that provides emergency medical assistance to populations in danger in more than 70 countries.

In countries where health structures are insufficient or even non-existent, MSF collaborates with authorities such as the Ministry of Health to provide assistance. MSF works in rehabilitation of hospitals and dispensaries, vaccination programmes and water and sanitation projects. MSF also works in remote health care centres, slum areas and provides training of local personnel. All this is done with the objective of rebuilding health structures to acceptable levels.

Raising Awareness

In carrying out humanitarian assistance, MSF seeks also to raise awareness of crisis situations; MSF acts as a witness and will speak out, either in private or in public about the plight of populations in danger for whom MSF works. In doing so, MSF sets out to alleviate human suffering, to protect life and health and to restore and ensure respect for the human beings and their fundamental human rights.

Only a small percentage of the populations that find themselves in a situation of danger gain the attention of the media. MSF teams travel to places that many people have never heard of, to assist those who have fallen victim to natural or man-made disasters. MSF volunteers have a story to tell when they return from their missions, and they use their experiences to speak of what they have seen. For MSF, raising awareness for these populations and the situations they are in is an important task. Whenever possible, MSF volunteers give interviews and make presentations. MSF offices worldwide facilitate the organization of gatherings, for individuals and groups who want to speak in their home communities. MSF also mounts exhibitions and, from time to time, releases publications, with the aim of raising awareness.

It is part of MSF's work to address any violations of basic human rights encountered by field teams, violations perpetrated or sustained by political actors. It does so by confronting the responsible actors themselves, by putting pressure on them through mobilization of the international community and by issuing information publicly. In order to prevent compromise or manipulation of MSF's relief activities, MSF maintains neutrality and independence from individual governments. The organization also tries to ensure that the majority of funds raised for its work comes directly from contributions from the general public. In this way, MSF guarantees equal access to its humanitarian assistance.

MSF has been setting up emergency medical aid missions around the world since 1971.

3. Read the passage “Changing the world---my commitment” Try to answer the first questions on P63.

Answers

1. The nurse and the other members of the medical team set up feeding centers to make sure that people get food, check the health of babies to make sure that they put on weight, give vaccinations to stop children dying from measles, and set up a clinic to take care of injuries. They also have to bury the dead bodies as quickly as possible to stop disease spreading. In addition, they listen to and comfort people.

2. Sometimes there is lots of fighting. There is not enough clean water.

3. She feels she is very lucky to be able to help others and do something worthwhile. She likes her job and she is happy and proud to make a difference to people’s lives on an individual level.

4. Read the passage again and try to judge whether the following statements are true or false.

1) Although there is too much work to do, she can still afford to write her diary every day.

2) The town is in ruins, but fortunately the hospital remains in good condition and usable.

3) Before working in this island, she has never worked in poor areas.

4) There are altogether five people on the medical team ,two doctors , one nurse and two assistants.

5) She worried that malnutrition will be a problem in the future because the fields and harvest have been destroyed.

6) Several MSF staff were attacked as people tried to get the food in Sudan.

Answers

1) F 2) F 3)F 4)T 5) T 6)T

5. Discussion: What does the writer mean by the title “Changing the world-my commitment”?

Making an action plan

Planning

Now let’s work in groups of four and discuss the questions on P63.

Preparing

Write a plan about what you are going to do and how to put your plan into action.

Presenting

At length, each group should present your plan to the whole class. Other groups can give your comments.

6. Homework:

Parts D1 and D2 on P127 in Workbook.

●Self-assessment

This section aims to help you assess the progress you have made, how much you have achieved, and also what else you can do to improve your understanding. The colour bar with five levels rates how confident you feel about what you have learnt in this unit.

In part A, some items are presented to you and you are asked to check how well you think you have developed these skills. Each item corresponds to one or more parts in this unit. For example, after finishing Part B on page 57, you will know whether you are able to use certain words or phrases to introduce unreal conditionals correctly. You have the opportunity to evaluate your own skills and abilities in English. If you feel very confident about another item, you get a score of 2. After going over all the items in this part, you need to add all the scores up and divide the total amount by the total sum. Thus, you will get a percentage, which shows your level.

In this unit, 15 items are listed with each one scoring 5. The total score is 75 points. These items cover the main study targets in this unit, including listening, speaking, reading and writing skills, the usage of vocabulary and grammar items, as well as doing activities in English. Through assessing themselves as learners, you will realize whether you have achieved the goals for this unit.

If you feel there are some areas in which you are not confident or just slightly confident about, you can think about how to improve on them. In Part B, you are asked to make an action plan, so you will know what to do and take some effective measures. You can also have a better understanding of your students, enabling yourself to guide them and help them study English more effectively.

Part Two Teaching Resources

第二部分教学资源

Section 1 A text structure analysis of The UN-bringing everyone closer together

I. Summary of The UN-bringing everyone closer together

Main idea of the passage brief introduction of the UN

Main idea of paragraph 1 time of founding and its purpose

Main idea of paragraph 2 peacekeeping operations of the UN

Main idea of paragraph 3 what the author does with the UN

Main idea of paragraph 4 how the organizations work

Main idea of paragraph 5 the UN helps countries with some problems

II. A tree diagram of the text :

III. A retold version of the text The UN-bringing everyone closer together

The United Nation was founded in Oct. 1954 by 51 countries. Today there are about 191 countries in the word that have the memberships of the UN. It plays a leading role in many ways. For example, it borrows soldiers from different countries to keep international peace. Led by the organizations of the UN, 191 different countries work together to solve international problems and to keep peace to develop friendly relationships among nations. Through these actions, the UN brings everyone in different countries close together.

IV. Translation of reading and project

Reading

联合国--让每个人靠得更近

我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国，也叫UN------这个名称在英语里更为常用。联合国是一个国际组织，由所有愿意促进和平的国家组成，我很高兴入选联合国的-名亲善大使。作为一名亲善大使意味着我要前往联合国实施扶助项目的国家。能够担当这一角色，我感到非常荣幸。我会在后面跟大家谈谈我所做的一些工作，但首先我想跟大家简单介绍一下联合国的情况。那么联合国是什么时候成立的呢?联合国实际上是第二次世界大战之后于1945年10月由51个国家联合组建的。今天，世界上几乎每一个国家都是联合国的成员------共有191个国家。联合国建立在《联合国宪案》基础之上。该宪章确立了联合国的四大宗旨，即：维护国际和平；发展各国之间的友好关系；进行国际合作，以解决国际间的各种问题，增进对于全体人类之人权的尊重；构成一个协调各国行动或工作的中心。

如你所知，联合国触及世界各地每个人的生活。该组织参与维和行动，协助终止世界上一些最恐怖的冲突。观看对战争地区的任何电视报道，你就会看到头戴蓝色贝雷帽的士兵。联合国并不拥有自己的军队，而是向不同的成员国借用土兵。在这些军队和其他可敬的组织的协助下，联合国为战争及灾难的受害者提供援助。此外，联合国还协助保护人权，致力改进各种国际法律，如有关童工的法律等。

以上是对联合国的简单介绍。现在我要跟大家谈谈我所做的跟联合国有关的工作。我参与联合国的工作是无偿的，是志愿工作。正如我刚才所说的，我主要访问联合国实施扶助项目的国家。那么，我如何通过访问这些国家来达到帮助的目的呢?是这样的，如果我访问这些国家，电视和报刊等媒体就跟随我，并记录我的行程。这会提升人们对联合国工作的意识。此外，我的访问还会鼓励那些致力于联合国各种项目的人，吸引当地人民对相关情形的注意力。

到目前为止我访问了非洲的许多国家。最近，我非常幸运，去了一次南非，在那里我会见了一些结组自救的妇女。她们每天从每个小组成员那里收取1兰特(大约相当于人民币1．35元)，将这些钱和政府资助给她们的一笔钱加在一起。这样，妇女们就凑够了钱去购买做篮子的编织材料。之后，她们就将编织好的篮子拿到市场上销售。运气好的话，她们的小组还能够进一步扩大，或许还能开-个店铺。这个自救小组是由联合国妇女发展基金成立的，在联合国的管理体系中还有很多此类的项目和基金，它们已经为全世界数以百万计的人们提供了帮助。

除了由于战争和冲突所引起的各种紧急问题外，联合国还帮助解决其成员国的其他问题，如教育匮乏、食品不足、贫穷、灾难和疾病等。在召开的--次联合国会议上，所有的191个成员国都同意，到争取实现八个发展目标。这八个目标其中之-就是保证每个人都能够享受到新鲜的饮用水。另外-个发展目标就是保证所有的孩子都能够完成小学教育。如果大家想知道这方面更多的信息，可以浏览联合国的相关网页。现在，你们已了解到，由于联合国的工作，全世界的人靠得更近了。

Project

改变世界--我的义务

10月20日

到达这里后发现一切都是乱糟糟的。已经整整一周时间抽不出空闲写日记了。整个岛屿都遭遇了洪水的侵袭，许多人为躲避洪水都逃到山上。医院严重被毁，已是一片狼籍，完全无法使用了。这-切对我来说是一个全然不同的体验。通常情况下，我都是在那些缺水的地区工作，如肯尼亚和苏丹，那些地方的主要问题是饥荒。在苏丹，我们设立馈给站，确保人们能够得到食物；我们还检查婴儿的健康状况，确保婴儿的体重在增加。我们还做一个接种宣传活动，不再让儿童死干麻疹。遗憾的是，这个活动是在远离城市的乡村进行的，那儿战乱频繁。躲避枪林弹雨、展转奔波已经成了家常便饭。因此，这里的情形就完全不一样了，所存在的问题也不一样。我们非常担心，诸如疟疾和伤寒等由水传播的疾病会爆发。这里没有沙尘飞扬，我们看到的是一片汪洋。到处都是泥浆和水，让此地到彼地的行程变得很困难。

昨天，医疗队里我的同事和我(两名医生，作为护土的我，还有两名助手)在城市的北面发现了一个空旷的医疗中心。我们准备在那里设立一个临时诊所，来自海外的医疗设备和药品正在运输途中。我们已经开始清理这个医疗中心。影响到健康的问题之-是，那些需要定期服药的病人遇到这样的洪灾后很难得到药品，比如，那些患有心脏病或者糖尿病的人就是这样。轻微伤口也需要予以处治，特别是在这样潮湿的情况下。大多数病人的伤口是由于墙壁和屋顶坍塌所导致的。洪水使得伤口难以愈合，细菌容易扩散。同时，在这座城市的其他地区，住所以及食物和干净水的供给都成了大问题。土地和庄稼都毁了，所以，营养不良会成为未来的一个问题。

食品已经开始陆续到达，但有一个问题，因为人们开始担心自己是否能够得到足够的食品。今天上午，人们由于争抢食品发生了好几次打斗。这使我想起了自己在苏丹所呆的那段时间，当时有好几名“无国界医生组织”的工作人员由于人们哄抢食品而受到了攻击。

在这里有一个优势，很多人都会说英语或法语。这让彼此之间的交流变得容易多了，也易于了解他们的各种问题。当你和当地人不能说同一种语言时，你就很难弄清对方的问题。不过，我有很好的表演技巧，所以，即使在有语言障碍的情况下我还是能够同当地人进行交流。在这里，很多人似乎就是要和你交谈，所以，我发现我的工作不仅仅是做护士了，我还是一个聆听别人倾诉和安慰别人的人。

想象失去一切，甚至包括一些你的家人，是非常可怕的事情。我们到这里做的第-件事就是为那些被杀害的人建一个墓地。我们需要尽快掩埋那些尸体，以阻止疾病的蔓延和传播。这真是一件非常可怕的工作，我为那些死者的亲属感到非常难过。

回想起我参加“无国界医生组织”以来在全世界范围的所有经历，我觉得自己能够帮助别人，做一些值得的事情，这是非常幸运的。现在，我得考虑明天的事了。诊所有望明天开门，到那时我就没有时间记日记了。这里的经历让我珍惜我所拥有的一切，给了我-个从另外一个角度看事物的机会。我知道，作为个人我不能彻底改变世界，但我很自豪，因为我能到处给人多多少少提供一些帮助，在个人的层面上去改变人们的生活。

● Section 2 Background information about the UN

I. History of the United Nations

The name “United Nations”, coined by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was first used in the “Declaration by United Nations” of 1 January 1942, during the Second World War, when representatives of 26 nations pledged their governments to continue fighting together against the Axis Powers.

In 1899, the first International Peace Conference was held in The Hague to elaborate instruments for settling crises peacefully, preventing wars and codifying rules of warfare. It adopted the Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes and established the Permanent Court of Arbitration, which began work in 1902.

The forerunner of the United Nations was the League of Nations, an organization conceived in similar circumstances during the First World War, and established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles “to promote international cooperation and to achieve peace and security.”

In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to draw up the United Nations Charter. Those delegates deliberated on the basis of proposals worked out by the representatives of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States at Dumbarton Oaks, United States, in August-October 1944. The Charter was signed on 26 June 1945 by the representatives of the 50 countries. Poland, which was not represented at the Conference, signed it later and became one of the original 51 member states.

The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, when the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and a majority of other signatories. United Nations Day is celebrated on 24 October each year.distressed area

“联合国”这一名称是由美国总统富兰克林D罗斯福设想出来的。该名称于1942年1月1日发布《联合国宣言》时首次使用。时值第二次世界大战进行期间，当时26个国家派出的代表承诺其政府将继续共同对轴心国作战。

18，第一次国际和平会议在荷兰海牙召开。此次会议的目的是制订旨在和平解决危机和防止战争的文件及编撰战争规则。会上通过了《和平解决国际争端公约》，并依据该公约成立了常设仲裁法院。常设仲裁法院于19开始工作。

联合国的前身是“国际联盟”。该组织是在与第二次世界大战情况类似的第一次世界大战的背景下构想出来的。“国际联盟”是根据《凡尔赛和约》于19成立的，其宗旨是“促进国际合作和实现世界和平和安全”。

1945年4月25日-6月26日，来自50国家的代表参加了在美国旧金山举行的联合国国际组织会议，会议的目的是起草《联合国宪章》。代表们在中国、苏联、联合王国和美国四国代表于1944年8月-10月在美国顿巴顿橡树园会议上提出的提案基础上进行了讨论。1945年6月26日，50国家的代表签署了《联合国宪章》。当时波兰没有派代表参加此次会议，但后来签署了《联合国宪章》，因而成为联合国51个创始会员国之一。

在中国、法国、苏联、联合王国和美国以及大多数其他签字国批准《联合国宪章》之后，联合国组织与1945年10月24日正式成立。从此，10月24日成为每年都要庆祝的联合国日。

II．UN EMBLEM AND FLAG

EMBLEM

Description:

The current United Nations emblem was approved on 7 December 1946. The design is “a map of the world representing an azimuthal equidistant projection centred on the North Pole, inscribed in a wreath consisting of crossed conventionalized branches of the olive tree, in gold on a field of smoke-blue with all water areas in white. The projection of the map extends to 60 degrees south latitude, and includes five concentric circles”.

Symbolism:

Olive branches symbolize peace. The world map depicts the area of concern to the United Nations in achieving its main purpose, peace and security.

Use:

The use of the emblem is restricted, based on General Assembly resolution 92(I),1946.

FLAG

Date:

20 October 1947

Description:

The official emblem of the United Nations in white, centered on a light blue ground.(PMS 279)

Proportions:

Hoist (width) : Fly (length) 2:3 or 3:5 or the same proportions as the national flag of any country in which the UN flag is flown; the emblem is one half of the hoist and is entirely centered.

Use:

The use of the flag is regulated by the United Nations flag code and regulations.

III. 联合国总部一览

通讯地址美国，NY 10017，纽约市，联合国。

四大主体建筑物秘书处大厦、大会大厦、会议楼区域（包括各理事会会议厅）和图书馆。

设计师沃里斯哈里森（美国人，总建筑师）；成员：尼古拉巴索夫（苏联）、盖斯顿 Brunfaut（比利时）、厄内斯特柯米尔（加拿大）、查尔斯柯布西埃（法国）、梁思成（中国）、斯文马克利乌斯（瑞典）、奥斯卡尼迈耶（巴西）、霍华德罗伯逊（英国）、G. A. Soilleux（澳大利亚）、Julio Vilamajo（乌拉圭）。

开工日期 1949年10月24日

造价 6500万美元

耸立在曼哈顿岛东岸、横跨纽约市东河两岸的联合国总部是和平的象征和希望的灯塔。地球上60亿人民的代表经常聚集在这个占地18英亩的地方，就和平、公正及经济和社会福利等问题进行商讨、作出决定。

也正是在这里，联合国秘书处的男女工作人员努力工作着，将这些决定付诸行动。有着高耸的玻璃幕墙的秘书处大厦、有着优美的圆弧外形的低矮的大会堂，加上蓝白相间的联合国旗，这些都已成为联合国这个国际组织的鲜明标志。

IV. The Biography of Kofi Annan

Kofi Annan of Ghana is the

篇9：译林牛津模块6 unit 1 全单元简案6th period Grammar and usage(译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

南京九中张茹芳

Teaching aims:

(1) Master the usage present tenses.

(2) Review the usage of the four kinds of present tenses.

Important points & difficult points:

Some special usage of present tenses.

Procedure:

Step 1 Lead-in

Warming up:

Watch flash. Describe what you’ve watched, using present tenses.

Step 2 Revision

Check the answers(p9 A):

I_____ tired, but happy today. I ______________ my play since January, and now I __________ for actors to perform in it. It ___ exciting to think of them saying the words I ________________ for months. I have already found one enthusiastic actor who ____super.

He __________ a film right now, but ________________ to be in a play for many years.

I _____________several advertisements for my play. We ___________them next week. Tickets ___________ on sale next week. Writing ______ tough work, but I _____ it will all be worthwhile, and I will be famous when the play ______.

Check the answers(p9 B):

I am performing at the Comedy Club tonight.

I have been practising my jokes in front of the mirror for the last three hours.

My family is coming to watch my show.

I am nervous about the show.

Check the answers(p102C1):

1. plays; has not had 2. leave 3. are making 4. Have see 5. are saving 6. don’t need 7. have taken 8. has been developing

Check the answers(p102C2):

The environment in the north of China has improved greatly since the government took measures to plant more trees. Beijing has not been experiencing as many sandstorms as it used to. There have been three sandstorms in Beijing since the beginning of this year. This is good considering that Beijing experienced more than a dozen sandstorms a year during the 1990s.

The Chinese government and the Chinese people are paying more attention to the environment now. Many trees have been planted in the west and even more will be planted over the next few years . The young trees are growing quickly. These trees will stop the soil from being carried away by strong winds. Unhealthy trees are cut down from time to time.

The villagers in the west have been highly involved in the project. They plant trees, water them, and make sure their cows do not knock them down or eat them. They have been trying their best to protect the trees. It’s hard work but they think it’s worth it.

Step 3 Consolidation exercises:

1.---What would you do if it _____ tomorrow?

---We have to carry it on, since we have got everything ready.

A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining

2. Listen to the two girls by the window. What language_____?

A. did they speak B. were they speaking C. are they speaking D. have they been speaking

3. Scientists think that the continents _____ always where they _____ today.

A. aren’t; are B. aren’t; were C. weren’t; are D. weren’t; were

4. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _____ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.

A. work B. working C. is working D. are working

5.They have a good knowledge of English but little _____ they know about German.

A. have B. did C. had D. do

6. ---What are you going to do this afternoon?

---I’m going to the cinema with some friends. The film_____ quite early, so we_____ to the bookstore after that.

A. finished; are going B. finished; go C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go

7. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage _____ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.

A. has been damaged B. had been damaged C. will be caused D. will have been caused

8. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _____ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.

A.were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide

9. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People _____ to ask how I am going to spend the money.

A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning

10. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _____ in the clothing industry.

A. is working B. works C. work D. worked

11. Months ago, we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _____ the Pacific, and we met no storms.

A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called

12. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _____ each year.

A. is washing away B. is being washed away

C. are washing away D. are being washed away

13. The country life he was used to _____ greatly since 1992.

A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed

14. ---Are you still busy?

---Yes, I _____ my work, and it won’t take long.

A. just finish B. am just finishing

C. have just finished D. am just going to finish

15. They ____on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ______ on it as no good results have come out so far.

A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still working

C. have been working; have worked D. Have worked; are still working

16. Years ago we didn’t know this, but recent science_____ that people who don’t sleep well soon get ill.

A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing

II.

1. The house belongs to my aunt but she_____ here any more.

A. hasn’t lived B. didn’t live

C. hadn’t lived D. doesn’t live

2. As you can see, the number of cars on our roads _____ rising these days.

A. was keeping B. keep

C. keeps D. were keeping

3.--- _____ leave at the end of this month.

---I don’t think you should do that until _____ another job.

A. I’m going to; you’d found B. I’m going to; you’ve found

C. I’ll; you’ll find D. I’ll; you’d find

4. ---Where did you put the car keys?

---Oh, I _____ I put them on the chair because the phone rang as I ____ in.

A. remembered; come B. remembered; was coming

C. remember; come D. remember; was coming

5. I have to go to work by taxi because my car_____ at the garage.

A. will be repaired B. is repaired

C. is being repaired D. has been repaired

6. Customers are asked to make sure that they _____ the right change before leaving the shop.

A. will give B. have been given

C. have given D. will be given

7. ---I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.

---_____.

A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds

8. I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he_____ owes a lot of money to the bank.

A. has been working B. will have worked

C. will have been working D. had worked

9. The father as well as his three children _____ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.

A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going

10. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _____.

A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off

11. Although the causes of cancer_____, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent.

A. are being uncovered B. have been uncovering

C. are uncovering D. have uncovered

12. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _____ since the flood hit the area last Friday.

A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost

13. This machine_____. It hasn’t worked for years.

A. didn’t work B. wasn’t working C. doesn’t work D. isn’t working

14. My friend, who_____ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.

A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served

15. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026_____ off at 18:20.

A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken

16. At the foot of the mountain _____.

A. a village lie B. lies a village C. does a village D. lying a village

17. Most of what has been said about the Smiths_____ also true of the Johnsons.

A. are B. is C. being D. to be

18. The construction of the two new railway lines_____ by now.

A. has been completed B. have been completed

C. has completed D. have completed

19. ---I don’t suppose the police know who did it.

---Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and now_____.

A. has been questioned B. is being questioned

C. is questioning D. has questioned

20. Although medical science _____ control over several dangerous disease, what worries us is that some of them are returning.

A. achieved B. has achieved C. will achieve D. had achieved

21. A poet and artist_____ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

22. Send my regards to your lovely wife when you_____ home.

A. wrote B. will write C. have written D. write

Fill in the blanks:

We have just moved into a new house and I ________________hard all morning. I ______________to get my new room in order. This ___________ easy because I _____ over a thousand books. To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I __________________ my books on the floor.

At the moment, they ______every inch of floor space and I actually ______ walk on them to get in or out of the room. A short while ago, my sister ______me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs. She _____ into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor.

'This is the prettiest carpet I _____________,' she said. She gazed at it for some time then added, 'You _______________bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!'

Step 4 Homework

Finish relevant exercises on page 92-93 in Grammar book.

篇10：译林牛津模块6 unit 1 全单元简案5th period Grammar and usage (译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

南京九中张茹芳

Teaching aims:

(1) Master the usage of present tenses.

(2) Practice about the four kinds of present tenses.

Important points & difficult points: the simple present tense; the present continuous tense; the present perfect tense; the present perfect continuous tense:

Procedure:

Step 1 Lead-in

Warming up:

1. What do you often do in your vacation?

2. Do you like travel?

3. Have you ever traveled abroad?

4. Which of the following tourist attractions is your first choice if given a chance?(Pictures)

I have been to the Moon Lake. It is in the west of China. I went there last August. If you go there, the Moon Lake will find you happy and excited. However, the Moon Lake is becoming smaller and smaller. I’m sure the government will take measures to protect it. In fact, many people have been working on it.

In which city can you see the Statue of Liberty?

A. Los Angles. B. New York. C. Washington D.C.

The Statue of Liberty was given to America by France. It is said planes are flying around to protect it. It is a symbol of Freedom. It has been there for more than 200 years. My cousin has been expecting a chance to go there.

Free talk:

Describe what you are watching, using present tenses.

Step 2 General knowledge of present tenses

the simple present tense:

I am at a comedy show. The sun rises in the west.

The Academy Awards show is on television every year.

Every time a prop comedian tells a joke, he or she uses a thing, called a prop.

1. My mother loves classical music.

2. My father visits his parents once a week.

3. When I was very young, my granny told me the earth is round and most rivers flow into seas and oceans.

4. Now I major in geography.

Further study:

Smith passes to Darvency, Davency to Barnes, Barnes to Lucas---and Harriet intercepts…Harriet to Simons, nice ball---and Smith shoots.

First I put some butter into a frying pan and light the gas; then, while the butter is melting, I break three eggs into the bowl, like this.

In the film Gold Rush, Chaplin and his friends are trapped in the snowstorm. He enjoys every mouthful of the leather shoe as if it is the most delicious meal he has ever had.

---How do I get to the station? ---You go straight to the traffic lights, then turn right.

Make sure everyone is given a chance to sing on the stage.

Bank Robbery: Robbers take $ 100,000.

Focus on:

The exhibition ______on May 1st and ______ at the end of June. (open; close)

The plane _________at 11:30 and ________ in Shanghai at 1:20.(take off; arrive)

______there a film on tonight? (be)

I’ll give her the notebook____________. Tell me_________________________.

He will keep the work ______________ ________.

She is out of danger now. How are you today?

They are busy at the moment. They normally get up at six.

Generally he watches TV for two hours in the evening.

They pay me weekly.

Translation:

我叔叔从不来看我们。My uncle never visits us.

这儿很少下雪。It seldom snows here.

你老师给你们测验吗？Does the teacher ever give you tests?

Story-telling:

the present continuous tense:

The audience is laughing at the joke.

I don’t understand why I am not losing weight.

The Comedy Club is giving a lecture about stand-up next month.

They are going to the Academy Awards show in February.

You are always making the same mistakes!

Sue is always changing her mind.

Further study:

She is doing fine work at school. Jane is always thinking of her work.

Further study:

How are you getting on with the work? You are making good progress.

Are you staying in a hotel? I’m studying at an evening school.

Further study:

Who is going to cook the meal?

Don’t mention this when you are talking about this problem.

If she is still waiting there when you see her, tell her to go home.

While you are traveling there, you must visit these places.

Further study:

I’m driving along a country road and I’m completely lost. Then I see this old fellow. He is leaning against a gate. I stop the car and ask him the way.

Further study:

MacFee passes to Franklin. Franklin makes a quick pass to Booth. Booth is away with his ball, but he is losing the advantage.

The professor is typing his own letters while his secretary is ill.

(The) College Team (Is) Training for (the) Next Game.

Comparison:

The idea sounds great.

Why is the driver sounding his horn?

I _____what you mean. He _________the doctor now.

The roses _______nice. I ___________ the roses.

Mistake-correcting (where necessary):

What are you thinking about? What are you thinking of the film?

What are you looking for? You’re looking quite well.

Which judge is hearing the case? She doesn’t hear very well.

We are having a discussion. Are you have any questions?

Fill in the blanks:

People _________on the beach. The city _____on the coast.

He __________ on a rock. His statue _______ in the city square.

My father ________the parts together. The dress _____ my mother perfectly.

The wine _______ good. I _________ the wine.

Translation:

John is nodding his head. He is jumping up and down.

He is being terribly friendly to us. The train is arriving.

The Boeing 747 is arriving. The old man is dying.

the present perfect tense:

He has hosted the show eight times.

Billy Crystal has been in many films and television shows.

Doctors have found that people who laugh a lot live longer!

Some stand-up comedians have become famous as television and film actors later on in life.

People have always enjoyed laughing.

Comedians have always told jokes and performed comic acts.

Focus on:

have gone / have been

Tonny _________abroad to continue his studies.

His girl friend _________abroad many times to see him.

since /when/if

We __________in England since I was a child.

It _____ just a week since I met him.

I’ll write to him when I _____________the book.

If she __________to bed when you see her, tell her to give me a ring.

this morning/afternoon/season…

I haven’t seen Tom this morning. I didn’t see Tom this morning.

We have visited a lot of places this summer. We visited a lot of places this summer.

time

It’s the first time she has driven a car. That’s the third time he has phoned her this morning.

It’s the first gold medal I’ve had for ages.

the present perfect continuous tense:

Doctors have been researching that question.

The curtains finally open---the audience have been waiting an hour for the show to start.

Further study:

Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the past week.

They have been meeting together weekly for two years.

Further study:

Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?

There you are! I’ve been waiting for an hour.

She is very tired. She has been working all morning.

Further study:

How long has she been reading the book?

He has been watching English all day.

Practice:

谁在喝我的酒？谁喝了我的酒？不累啊？你已跳了三个小时啦！

Practice:

I ___________(认识)him for many years.

They ____________________(结婚) for twenty years.

All these years we _______________(设法) to get in touch with you.

All along we ___________________ (考虑)coming to see you.

Step 3 Summary and homework

1.A&B on page 9.

2.C1& C2 on page 102 in Workbook.

3.Write a passage based on what you’re watching.

篇11：译林牛津模块6 unit 1 全单元简案4th period Word power(译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

南京九中林欣

Teaching aims:

(1). Learn and master the new words in play scripts.

(2). Enlarge the knowledge about expressions of smile and laugh.

Important points & difficult points:

(1). Talk about drama to learn new words.

(2). Remember the new expressions of smile and laugh.

Procedure:

Step 1 Lead-in

Enjoy a drama named “Cat”.

(explain the word “drama”---a piece of writing to be performed by actors; a play for theatre, TV, radio, etc. )

Free talk about yourself.

(1). In your opinion, in order to put on a drama, what preparations should be made?

(2). Are there any drama clubs at your school?

(3). Have you ever acted in a drama? If not, do you want to act in a drama?

(4). What do you know about drama performing?

Step 2 Read and speak

(1).Part A on page 46.

(2).Find all words related to drama.

Step 3 Read and understand

Answer the following questions as fast as possible.

(1). What do we call the person who acts in a play?

(2). What do we call the person who is in charge of a play?

(3). What is a script made up of?

(4). What will an actor read in a script?

(5). What kind of play is called one-act plays?

Step 4 Further study

(1). More words about drama

(2). Complete the exercise of Part C.

(3). According to Part C, answer this question “What kinds of things should an actor do to become successful?”.

*listen to the director

*learn lines by heart

*find out when the character he or she is playing on stage

*dress in his or her costume and wait in the wings in time

*know the props that are going to be used before going on stage

*calm down and be confident when on stage

Step 5. Idioms about smiling & laughing

to have the last laugh; all smiles (Explanations and examples are given to you.)

Homework

Recite all the useful expressions related to drama.

篇12：Module 6 Unit 1 Word power学案(译林牛津版高二英语选修六学案设计)

主备人：孙雨华再备人：高二英语备课组成员审核人：李家圣

Step one: to activate students’ knowledge by asking them if they know the words related to drama or performing and make a list of them.

Eg: What do we call the person who acts in a play?

(________ ________)

What do we call a person who is in charge of a play?

(________)

What is a script made up of?

(_______ _______)

What will an actor read in a script?

(_________ _________)

Introduce some terms about play.

Step two: Have the students focus on Part A and Part B to learn more the vocabulary used on stage.

Step three:Language Points .

1. To be a successful actor, you need to learn the vocabulary used on stage.

“ used” 在这是后置定语，修饰 “the vocabulary”

eg: The book written by Lu Xun is very popular.

2. The person in charge is the director.

“ in charge” 掌管，负责

（sb）in charge of

(sth) in the charge of

eg: My father was in charge of a factory in the past.

The factory was in the charge of my father in the past.

3. Plays are made up of several acts.

be made up of

consist of (无被动式)

eg: Our football team is made up of twelve players and a coach.

Our football team consists of twelve players and a coach.

4. cast

a. 投向: cast a net; cast an eye at sb . eg: He cast an eye at the woman.

b. 全体演员 eg: All the actors in the play are called the cast.

5. You will be expected to be dressed in your costume.

dress sb/ seat sb

eg: She is dressed in red today./a red coat today.

The mother dressed the baby quickly.

I found him seated/ sitting at the table.

The hall can seat 1000 people.

6. scene[c] jewel [c]

scenery[u] jewellery [u]

eg: The sunrise is a beautiful scene.

The small village is natural scenery for ever.

词组：on the scene 在现场，当场

Step four: Ask students to focus on the passage in Part C, which checks students’ability of understanding and using the words they have learnt.

Step five: Ask students to discuss the following questions to further check students’ comprehension of the passage.

What kinds of things should an actor do to become successful?

Listen to the director

Learn lines by heart

Find out when the character he or she is playing is on stage

Dress in his or her costume and wait in the wings on time

Know the props that are going to be used before going on stage

Calm down and be confident when on stage

Step six:Some idioms about smiling and laughing.

1. to laugh one’s head off: to laugh very hard

eg: I went to see the new comedy. It made me laugh my head off.

2. to laugh in my face 不理睬

eg: When I asked him for longer time to pay back the loan, he just laughted in my face.

3. to have the last laugh 笑到最后，最终获胜

eg: They fired her last year, but she had the last laugh because she was taken on by their main rivals at twice the salary.

4. all smiles满面笑容

eg: He is all smiles every day.

巩固练习

一．翻译专业术语：

actress scenery curtains wings direction director stage costume script one-act

二．用上述专业术语填空：

1. Shakespeare said, “ Life is a play, everyone is an actor on the____.

2. The_______rose and the play began.

3. Not all the lines are in the______, so good actors are supposed to improvise once they are on the stage.

4. Zhang Ziyi is one of the most famous film_____in China now.

5. The white-haired man who is giving the actors instructions over there is our______.

6. The cast came to stage in_____and waved to the audience at the end of the play.

7. Are you ready for your play?

Yes, we’re waiting in the_______.

8 .We put on “ The Lost Necklace” at the English party last weekend. Everyone enjoyed it very much though it was a____play, quite short.

9. Are you sure you know the_____to the hotel?

It seems that we have lost the way.

10. The country is natural______, as we know.

篇13：module 6 unit 2 复习（练习）(译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

Unit2单元练习

1. ---- Would you tell me something about your English study?

----_________.

A. All right B. Yes, please C. Not at all D. I would, of course

2. _____ of the building ______ a tower.

A. In the north, stand B. North, stands C. To north, stands D. To the north, stand

3. Their office is _____ the tenth floor of the _______ building.

A. in, thirty-story B. in, thirty-storys C. on, thirty-storys D. on, thirty-story

4. ------Are you satisfied with my work?

------Not a bit. ________.

A. It could be so good B. It can be very good

C. It could have been much better D. It could have been even good

5. ------You didn’t expect to see us, did you?

------_______.

A. No, I don’t know you were coming today

B. Yes, I hadn’t known you were coming today

C. No, I didn’t know you were coming today

D. Yes, I won’t know you were coming today

6. With a (n) _____ of twenty students to help, we are sure we can finish the work on time.

A. total B. entire C. whole D. all

7. The place he _____ is quite far from here.

A. suggested hold the meeting B. suggested to hold the meeting

C. suggested holding the meeting D. suggested should hold the meeting

8. Can you tell something about the accident _____ yesterday?

A. that happened B. happening C. happened D. to happen

9. My brother never helps me with my homework. __________.

A. Neither do mine B. Neither do I

C. Neither does me D. Neither does mine

10. Our city is quite ______ it was ten years ago.

A. difference with what B. different from what

C. different from that D. different from where

11. I don’t think we’ll go to the concert. It is too late, _____, it is raining.

A. or rather B. or else C. besides D. and yet

12. ------________

------Luckily, his family were safe except for the house.

A. Was Tom burned? B. How did it happen?

C. Anybody injured or burned? D. It must be terrible.

13. There are still many people suffering a lot, and we are to do something to ________ poverty.

A. keep out B. wipe out C. give out D. run out

14. Robert is _____ same weight _____ his father.

A. of the, as B. in , as C. of the , like D. /, as

15. ----What made you so upset?

---- __________ my house _____ saying goodbye.

A. Jim left, without B. Jim’s leaving, instead of

C. That Jim left, without D. Jim leaving, instead of

16. ------It is said that the book “Adventure” has been sold out.

------ What a pity! I should have bought ________.

A. such one B. one such C. any such D. no such

17. He usually goes to work on time _____.

A. except for raining days B. besides it rains

C. but that it rains D. except on rainy days

18. Much to the couple’s comfort, their income is now double ______ it was five years ago.

A. that B. than C. which D. what

19. In the USA, he made a lot of friends _____ English well to make himself ______.

A. learn, understand B. to learn, understood

C. learning, understand D. learned, understood

20. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _____ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.

A. which B. that C. this D. one

21. ---We’re afraid we can't finish the task within this month.

--- .

A. Don’t be afraid B. That's right C. Take your time D. Not at all

22. He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, unpopular with all members.

A. being considered B. considering.

C. to be considered D. having considered

23. We can see clearly from the top of the building it is that the police are talking to.

A. what B. where C. that D. who

24. --- Tim, what are you looking at?

--- Sorry, Mr. Smith. I ___ out at a bird outside the window.

A. looked B. am looking C. have been looking D. was looking

25. ---Do you work hard at your lessons?

---Yes, I no efforts.

A. spend B. spare C. waste D. share

26. The local health organization is reported ___ twenty-five years age when Dr. Green became its first president.

A. to be set up B. being set up C. to have been set up D. having been set up

27. ---- When did he leave the classroom?

---- He left _____ you turned back to write on the blackboard.

A. the minute B. the time C. until D. before

28. Because the first pair of shoes did not fit properly, I asked for _____.

A. another shoes B. another one C. the others ones D. another pair

29. ----What new subject are you going to have in second grade?

----I' m going to learn second foreign language.

A. a; the B. the; a C. the; 不填 D.不填; a

30. I wondered what you could be doing and what be happening to you.

A. might B. must C. should D. had to

31. I have no idea I can find such a computer in such a short time.

A. that B. why C. where D. when

32. ---What's the matter with Jane? She has been sitting there for hours.

---A letter from her mother an attack of homesickness in her.

A. set out B. set off C. sent off D. sent up

33. ---What can we do to help John?

---All we can do is to try that he ought to study more.

A. making him to realize B. making him realize

C. to make him realized D. to make him realize

34. --- Tom, I'm afraid I can't go to the picnic with you.

---But you ___ me you would.

A. had told B. have told C. told D. tell

35. You never get over being a child, ______ you have a mother to go to.

A. as far as B. unless C. so long as D. although

36. She and her sister are always __________ attention.

A. competing with B. competing for C. competing D. competing against

37. All of the students were ______ by the ________ speech given by the headmaster.

A. inspired; inspired B. inspiring; inspiring C. inspired; inspiring D. inspiring; inspired

38. I am ________ all day’s study. I’m considering _______ to the cinema tonight.

A. tired of; going B. tired from; to go C. tiring from; going D. tired of; to go

39. If I catch you _____ again, I shall make you ______ in after school _______ some extra work.

A. cheat; stay; to do B. cheating; stay; to do

C. cheating; read; having D. reading; play; doing

40. News reports say peace talks between the two countries _____ with no agreement reached.

A. have broken down B. have broken out C. have broken in D. have broken up

41. _______, Dick could not succeed _______ the driving test.

A. However he tried hard; in passing B. No matter how hard he tried; to pass

C. However hard he tried; in passing D. No matter how he tried hard; to pass

42. __________ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships totaling $ 21,000.

A. To be judged the best B. Having judged the best

C. Judged the best D. Judging the best

43. The picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can _______ my father.

A. find out B. pick out C. look out D. speak out

44. ________ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed

45. _______ in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.

A. Caught B. Having caught C. Being caught D. To catch

46. ----What did you think of the concert given by the famous Hong Kong singer?

---- Not so good. In fact, it _______ to be a great disappointment.

A. turned up B. turned in C. turned down D. turned out

47. He _______ us success in the coming examination.

A. wished B. hoped C. thought D. expected

48. Mr. Brown, who ______ to the cause of teaching is a teacher with many years’________.

A. devoted; experience B. is devoted; experience

C. devotes himself; experiences D. is devoted; experience

49. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years ______ I enjoyed myself so much.

A. when B. that C. before D. since

50. To tell you the truth, I think it is you, ______ Mr. Black,______.

A. less than, which are to be blamed B. rather than, that are to blame

C. other than, that is to blame D. more than, who is to blame

51. Mary rushed home she heard the news, only that his wife was gone.

A. immediately; finding B. as soon as; to find

C. the moment; find D. when; found

52. In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help to there is human suffering.

A. whoever B. however C. whatever D. wherever

53. All the candidates were ____ the street to be named after a great man ___ his great contributions to the city.

A. in favor of; in need of B. in praise of; in favor of

C. in praise of; in need of D. in favor of; in honor of

54. Faced with a bill for ＄10,000,________.

A. the boss has given john an extra job B. an extra job has been given to John

C. an extra job has been taken D. John has taken an extra job

1-5 ABDCC 6-10ABADB 11-15CCBAC 16-20 BDDBD

21-25 CADDB 26-30 CADBA 31-35 CBDCC

36~40 BBCBA 41~ 45 CCBAC 46~ 50 DABDB 51~54 BDDD

篇14：Unit 4 of Module 6 Language points (译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

Unit 4 of Module 6 Language points

班级姓名学号时间评价

Learning Aims:

1. To learn some language points in this text to enlarge the vocabulary

2. To use the language points when doing the exercises.

Learning Important and Difficult Points:

1. Learn to analyze some long and complicated sentences.

Learning Methods:

1. Learn some phrases by heart.

2. Learn the usage of some words and phrases through self-study and practice.

Learning Procedures:

第一部分：自主探究

Ⅰ. 识记短语

1. feel honored 感到荣耀 2.be made up of 由……组成

3. human rights 人权 4. be based on 以……基础

5. be involved in 参与 6. in addition 此外

7. child labour 童工 8. with the help of 在……的帮助下

9. work on the projects 致力于项目 10. increase one’s awareness 提升意识

11.draw one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力 12. per day 每一天

13. add… to… 向……增加 14. under the umbrella of 在……的保护下

15. across the world 在全世界 16. lack of 缺少

17. agree to do 同意做某事 18. be available to 可得到的

19. look up 查阅 20. primary education 小学教育

21. meet goals 实现目标 22. worthy organizations可敬的组织

II. 重点单词、词组或句子用法探究

1.［原句回放］I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations or the UN, as it is more often referred to. 句中as意为 _像，正如_，词性是__连词___ ，引导__方状_从句。refer to 意为谈到__，其中to 是__介词__ （词性）；refer to还有_查阅___ ， __指的是___ 的意思。

［拓展］refer to … as 把……当作……；reference n. 提到，谈及；指的是；参考；查阅；reference book 参考书小试牛刀

1)他喜欢科学，就像他父亲一样。(as)

___He likes science, as his father does.__________________________________________

2) This exam is vital because the score will be ______ by the school you apply to. (B级)

A. looked up B. referred to C. added to D. turned on

3) The book ______ by Mr. Wu is written by my English teacher.

A. referring to B. referred to C. referred D. to refer

2.［原句回放］The UN is an international group made up of countries that want to increase peace, and I’m very happy to have been chosen to be a Goodwill Ambassador for them. 句中made up of 意为 ___由…组成____ ，作 __后置定语__（成分）。它的反义词组是 ____make up____，该词组还有 __化妆____、__编造____、___弥补___ 等含义。to have been chosen 是动词不定式的 ___完成____ 时态，表示动作 ______已经______ 发生。

［拓展］be made up of = consist of 由……组成 be made from/of 由……制成

be made into 被制成小试牛刀！

1）我很荣幸被邀请参加你们的婚礼。

I feel honored to be invited to attend your wedding. __________________________________

2）所有动物身体都是由细胞构成的吗？。

Are all animals bodies made up of cells? _____________________________________

3）As we all know, the world is ______ seven continents and four oceans. (B级)

A. consisted of B. made in C. made out of D. made up of

4) Women ______ 40 per cent of the workforce. (C级)

A. make out B. make for C. make up D. make into

3.［原句回放］With the help of these armies and other worthy organizations the UN assists the victims of wars and disasters. 句中worthy是 __adj.___ （词性），作定语____ （成分），意为 ___可敬的____ 。除此之外，worthy 还有 ___值得__ 的意思。assist 意为帮助___ ，可构成词组 assist sb. _to do_/__with sth _/_in doing_____________。

［拓展］be worthy of +n be worthy of being done be worthy to be done be worth doing/n It is worthwhile to do/ doing 小试牛刀！

用worth，worthy和worthwhile 填空

1) The book he bought is worth_ 100 yuan.

2) His advice is worth considering/consideration.

3) I think the advice is worthy of being considered.

4) I think the city is worthy to be visited.

5) I think it is worthwhile to visit the city.

6) The problem is ______. Which is wrong?

A. worth paying attention to B. worthy to be paid attention to

C. worthy of being paid attention to D. worthy being paid attention to

7) The novel is ______ worth reading.

A. very B. so C. well D. much

4.［原句回放］Watch any TV report on places where there is a war, and you will see soldiers wearing blue berets. 该句是由一个祈使句 + and + 陈述句组成。Where there is a war 是一个定语从句， where 是关系副词 (词性)。 see soldiers wearing blue berets中wearing blue berets 是宾补（成分）。小试牛刀！

努力学习，你会实现梦想的。

Work hard, and you will realize your dreams.______________________________________

快点，否则你就会迟到的。

Hurry up , or you will be late.____________________________________________________

1）Do more speaking, I think, ______ you’ll improve your spoken English.

A. then B. and C. so D. or

5.［原句回放］In addition, my visits will encourage people working on the projects and draw local people’s attention to the situation. 句中in addition意为另外，在句中相当于besides，表示递进_ 关系。working on the projects在句中充当后置定语_（成分）。draw one’s attention to 意为把注意力吸引到…… ， to 是介词（词性），后接 n/v-ing/pron（词性）。

［拓展］attract/ call/ catch one’s attention 吸引某人注意力 pay one’s attention to 注意，留心 fix /focus one’s attention on 集中注意力于小试牛刀！

1）Don’t let your students play computer games any more; you should ______ their attention to their study.

A. pay B. turn C. change D. draw （B级）

2）他招手以引起服务员的注意。

He waved to attract the attention of the waiter.

6.［原句回放］There are lots of such promgrammes and funds under the umbrella of the UN, and these have helped millions of people across the world. 句中under the umbrella of 意为在…的管理、保护下。across the world 意为在全世界。

［拓展］ under the leadership of 在……的领导下， under the control of 受……控制，在进行中 under way , 在建设中 under construction , 在修理中 under repair , 在讨论中 under discussion 。小试牛刀！

1) The flowers grow well ______ the green house.

A. under the help of B. with the permission of

C. under the leadship of D. under the umbrella of

7.［原句回放］Apart from the urgent problems caused by wars and conflicts, the UN helps countries with other problems such as lack of education, lack of food, poverty, disasters and disease. 句中apart from 意为除…之外，相当于besides（ besides/ except）。lack of 意为缺乏， lack是n.（词性），另外lack 还有 vt.（vt./ vi.）。

［拓展］ be lack of 缺乏 no lack of 不缺乏 for the lack of 由于缺乏 be lacking in 缺乏小试牛刀！

1）Though ______ money, his parents managed to send him to college （C级）

A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in

2） The exporer got a disease in blood for the ______ of fresh vegetable and fruit.

A. sake B. lack C. safe D. result （C级）

第二部分：达标测评

I. 根据要求将下列句子翻译成英文

1. 他很高兴被提供了一个出国的机会。(be happy to )

He is happy to have been offered a chance to go abroad.______________________________

2. 如果操作不当，机器就会很快坏掉。(operate )

If operated improperly, the machine will break down soon.____________________________

3. 除了恶劣的天气之外，我们还经常遇到野兽。(apart from )

Apart from the bad weather, we also meet with wild animals frequently.__________________

4. 缺水是这个地区最大的难题。(lack )

Lack of water is the biggest problem in this area.____________________________________

II. 单项填空

1. It is really dangerous. One more step ______ the baby will fall into the well.

A. or B. so C. but D. and

2. If the tickets are still ______ to us, I want to buy one.

A. able B. available C. acceptable D.enjoyable

3. Most of us know we should cut down on fat, but knowing such things isn’t much help when it ______ shopping and eating.

A.refers to B. speaks of C. focuses on D. comes to

4. He ______ so much work that he couldn’t really do it efficiently.

A. put on B. took on C. took in D. took over

5. Much attention should be paid to ______ people destroying the rain forest.

A. stop B. stopping C. keep D. keeping

6. Most people don’t realize the amount of effort that is _______ in writing.

A. involved B. involving C. contained D. called

7. ______ these arrangements, extra ambulances will be on duty until midnight.

A. In addition B. In addition to C. except D. what’s more

8. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a ______ of exercise.

A. limit B. lack C. need D. demand

篇15：Module 6 Unit 1 Task学案教学案一体化(译林牛津版高二英语选修六学案设计)

主备人：杨殿再备人：高二英语备课组成员审核人：李家圣

Warming up

Read the following proverbs and then match the Chinese meaning of each proverb.

一贫如洗回家生闷气饥肠辘辘勿惹事生非不要过早打如意算盘

披着羊皮的狼一燕不成夏拦路虎把好人与坏人分开亡羊补牢

班门弄斧倾盆大雨蠢得像头猪江山易改，本性难移

人靠衣装，佛靠金装小时偷针，大时偷金潜移默化爱屋及乌

1.To teach a fish how to swim．班门弄斧

2.The sparrow near a school sings the primer．潜移默化

3.Love me, love my dog 爱屋及乌

4.Look the barn door after the horse is stolen．亡羊补牢

5.He that will steal a pin will steal an ox．小时偷针，大时偷金

6.Don’t count your chickens before they hatch．不要过早打如意算盘

7.as poor as a church mouse一贫如洗

8. Let sleeping dogs lie.勿惹事生非

9.I'm SO hungry that I could eat a horse．饥肠辘辘

10.Go home and kick the dog．回家生闷气

11.Separate the sheep from the goats．把好人与坏人分开

12.A lion in the way．拦路虎

13.One swallow doesn’t make a summer．一燕不成夏

14.A wolf in sheep’s clothing．披着羊皮的狼

15.Fine feathers make fine birds．人靠衣装，佛靠金装

16.You can’t make a crab walk straight．江山易改，本性难移

17.It rains cats and dogs．倾盆大雨

18.as stupid as a goose．蠢得像头猪

Language points

1.The language used in requests helps you to identify what is most important and what is least important.(page 10,line2)

(1)Analyze the structure of the sentence.

(2)”used”as attribute after noun, it can be changed into an attribute clause.

e.g., The concert given by their friends was a success.

A teacher named Mouis is from our school.

Besides, we can get students to make more sentences using “v-ed” to make students master its use.

Exe.

a. The woman ____ (coming) to dinner this evening works in the bank.(come)

b. The name ____(mentioned) in the letters was unknown to me.(mention)

2.Below are some of the words you should listen for.(page10.line3)

e.g., Here is a letter for you.

Down she went.

Away went the crowd one by one.

Exe.

1.With me______.

A. is my brother, Tom. B. is my brother and tom.

C. my brother, Tom is. D. my brother is tom.

2.Out ______ welcome the foreign friends.

A. the students rushed to B. the students to rush

C. rushed to the students D. rushed the students to

3.The word ‘want’ tells you that the person thinks the request is important, but it is more something they desire than ________.

A. something necessary B. something which is necessary

C. necessary something D. something that is necessary

Note:Pay attention to the structure of this sentence before&after ‘than’.

Exe.

－What do you think of the plan?

－It’s easier said than _______.

A. carried out B. carrying C. carry out D. to carry out

4.A crosstalk performance involves talking, imitating, singing and dancing.(page 11,line5 in part B)

(1) be/get involved in (doing) sth.

e.g., If I were you, I wouldn’t get involved in their problems.

(2) involve vt.

e.g., Don’t involve other people in your mad schemes.

The job involves traveling abroad for three months each year.

The accident involved a bus and a truck.

5.In an interview, he told us that he is always happy to take on new foreign students.(page 11,line3 in part C)

take to/after/down/on/off/up/in/over/away

e.g., He wants to know who has taken away his dictionary.

I took to her the moment I met her.

Mary really takes after her mother.

Who will take over now that the governor has been dismissed?

Pay more attention to the different meanings of the following sentences:

1.)We’ve decided to take on a new clerk in the accounts department.

2.)His face took on a worried expression.

3.)My doctor says I’m too tired and has advised me not to take any more work on.

4.)Why don’t you take on someone your own size?(---to start a quarrel or fight with sb.)

Exe.

(1)I want to take ____ the book which you showed me yesterday.

(2)It’s sad to see the old museum being taken _____ to make way for a new shopping center.

(3)She took ____ the narrative where John had left off.

(4)My daughter does not take ____ me in any way.

(5)When he fell ill her daughter took ____ the business from her.

Answers: away/down /up /after /over

6. Then they move on to creating crosstalk dialogue in paint with other students.(page11, line7 in Part C)

Here “move on to doing sth.” just means to continue to do sth

7. The most famous is the Canadian Mark Roswell, known in China as Da Shan.

(1) Here the logical subject of ‘known’ is the Canadian Mark Roswell

(2) be known as/for/to/in…= be famous as/for/to/in…

Exe.

It is well-known ____ everyone that Luxun is known ___a writer.

A. as; to B. for; as C. to; as D. in; for

8.So, if you want to try crosstalk lessons, why not study with a real old master?(Page11 line 15 in Part C)

Why not do……?

e.g., Why not join us?

Exe.

Which sentence is true?

A. Why not going with her.

B. Why don’t you go with her?

C. Why not to go with her?

D. Why not you go with her?

9.Below are several common ways to phrase questions, and the correct situations in which to use them.(page12,line4)

Note: here prep ‘in’ must be put before ‘which’

Exe.

Without facts, we cannot form a worthwhile opinion, for we need to have factual knowledge ____our thinking.

A. which to base upon

B. which to be based upon

C. to which be based upon

D. upon which to base

10. It is important to remind the person you are writing to of the questions you are answering.(page13,line2)

(1) Analyze the structure of the sentence.

(2) remind sb. of sth.

remind sb. to do sth./that…

remind sb. that-clause

e.g., This hotel reminds me of the one we stayed in last year.

Remind me to write to Mother.

She reminded me that I hadn’t written to Mother.

The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.

Exe.

The way he thought of___ the problem may not be the best one.

A. solving B. to solve C to solving D. of being solved

Module 6 Unit 1 Task 随堂练习

主备人：杨殿再备人：高二英语备课组成员审核人：李家圣

一﹑单项选择题

1.The language used in requests keep you to identify____ is most important and _____is least important.

A. that; that B. that; what C. what ;what D. what; that

2.Your foreign friend Bill wants to know_______

A. that Chinese crosstalk is

B. that what is Chinese crosstalk

C. what Chinese crosstalk is

D. what is Chinese crosstalk

3.Take notes on ______he wants to know.

A. which B. all which C. that D. all that

4.Use the information you hear____ correct your notes.

A. on B./ C. to D. about

5.Crosstalk is_____ performed in English.

A. some time B. some time C. sometimes D. some times

6. He______ go out; I think he____ ask his parents.

A. doesn’t dare; needs B. doesn’t dare to; needs

C. dare not; need D. dare not; need to

7.Ding guanquan, one of some well-known masters of crosstalk, _______ this unique art form to foreigners since 1999.

A has taught B has been teaching C have taught D have been teaching

8. Then they move on to creating crosstalk dialogues ____ with students.

A in a pair; other B in a pair; the others

C in pairs; other D in pairs; others

9. - What were you doing when Tony phoned you ?

- I had just finished my work and to take a shower .

A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting

10. The house tent is expensive. I've got about half the space I had at home and I'm paying __ here.

A. as three times much B. as much three time

C. much as three times D. three times as much

11. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ______in fact, I was talking about my daughter.

A. whom B. where C. which D. while

12.The computers made by our company sell best, but several year's ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they ________.

A．were playing B．were to play C．have played D．played

13．It is the protection for trees really matters, how many trees are planted.

A．what, besides B．that, except C．that, rather than D．what, other than

14．It is hightly desirable that every effort to reduce the pollution in Beijing.

A．is made B．was made C．were made D．be made

15．There are ten waiting rooms at the newly-built station, in all 20,000 people.

A．seating B．seated C．sitting D．to seat

二﹑根据所给词的适当形式填空

1.When you are asked to do something, it is important ___________(identify) the most important part of the task.

2.The language _________(use) in requests helps you to identify what is important and what is least important.

3. Use the information you hear __________(correct) your notes.

4. Students must ____________________(interest) in Chinese culture.

5. The students begin their training by __________(listen) to and _______(copy)

traditional pieces of crosstalk.

6. Then they move on to _________(create) crosstalk dialogues in pairs with other students.

7. The most famous is the Canadian Mark Roswell, _________(know) in China as Da Shan.

8. Why not _________(join) us?

9. When you ask questions orally, you must remember __________(use) the correct question words.

10.In this summer vocation, almost all the teachers travelled back to Anfeng from Beijing, completely ____________(exhaust).

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