以下是小编帮大家整理的GRE阅读技巧之请把你的时间用在刀刃上，本文共5篇，欢迎大家收藏分享。
篇1：GRE阅读技巧之请把你的时间用在刀刃上
GRE阅读技巧 | 请把你的时间用在刀刃上!
GRE的备考路上，阅读可以算是重中之重了，但GRE的阅读是“又臭又长”，而且难度不低，想要提分并不容易。尤其在备考过程中，面对一大篇一大篇的长文章，真的是备考之路长漫漫，但是我们的战线不能拉的很长，那么如何有效备考阅读呢?下面就和小道一起来看看吧。
掌握快速定位技巧
GRE阅读文章一般分为短篇文章和长篇文章，其中大部分包括逻辑阅读的文章都是短篇，长篇文章通常只有1篇，恰恰就是这一篇最让考生头大。
长篇文章常常涉及到一些较专业晦涩的科技类、社会类话题，其中存在着许多长句式和偏僻生词，本身就具备难度，通篇阅读需要大量的时间。
除此之外，文章中还会涉及到大量细节信息，题目里也会涉及到这些细节，定位就变为了大问题。想要的细节一时半会找不到在哪里，还得重读一遍，大大浪费了我们考试的时间。
应对长篇文章最好的办法就是：快速阅读+做笔记。长篇文章不需要详细地全部读完，在快速阅读的同时以理解文章整体大意和各段落的主题思想为主，同时对细节信息做好标记，等到答题的时候就可以根据标记快速返回。
不要被细节带偏注意力
在GRE阅读题中，为了证明作者观点，文章中往往会使用到一些具体数字，有的数字十分复杂，涉及许多具体内容。题目中一旦出现这类数字就会提高题目的难度，尤其在一些Support或者Infer题目中，选项中的数字可谓是扣分的主因了。
想要应对复杂数字问题，考生需要培养在阅读过程中对数字的敏感性:1. 在文章中看到数字时就要做好标记，以便之后返回查找;2. 若在题目选项中看到出现了数字问题，首先要确认是否是相关的内容，考生要学会分辨信息并及时排除干扰项;3. 面对数字题时如果实在没头绪，可通过排除法来解题，重点还是在于理解题目本身。
提高做题速度
细节题是套路题型，但有时也会出现变化。很多考生解答细节题时，往往会返回原文查找，根据原文内容进行解题。但很多时候，原文中会出现大量的干扰性细节，我们不能简单地按照原文提到就是对，没提到就是错的思路来解题。
正确的做法是先看懂题目，然后把涉及到的相关细节进行分类排除，保留真正有关的细节，如此一来就能够顺利应对好细节题中的那些隐藏陷阱和扣分点。
GRE的备考之路本来就不是非常轻松的，对于英语好的同学来说也需要踏实下来认真琢磨一番。而且不要把考试的战线拉的太长，越到后面承受的压力越大，斗志也会慢慢下降，希望大家认真备考。最后送上小道的祝福：愿你们和GRE赶快分分手~
GRE阅读题之动物的家园
每日一练
One explanation for the tendency of animals to be more vigilant in smaller groups than in larger ones assumes that the vigilant behavior-looking up, for example—is aimed at predators. If individuals on the edge of a group are more vigilant because they are at greater risk of being captured, then individuals on aver- age would have to be more vigilant in smaller groups, because the animals on the periphery of a group form a greater proportion of the whole group as the size of the group diminishes.
However, a different explanation is necessary in cases where the vigilant behavior is not directed at predators. J. Krebs has discovered that great blue herons look up more often when in smaller flocks than when in larger ones, solely as a consequence of poor feeding conditions. Krebs hypothesizes that the herons in smaller flocks are watching for herons that they might follow to better feeding pools, which usually attract larger numbers of the birds.
1. It can be inferred from the passage that in species in which vigilant behavior is directed at predators, the tendency of the animals to be more vigilant in smaller groups than in larger ones would most likely be minimized if which of the following were true?
A. The vigilance of animals on the periphery of a group always exceeded that of animals located in its interior, even when predators were not in the area.
B. The risk of capture for individuals in a group was the same, whether they were located in the interior of the group or on its periphery.
C. Animals on the periphery of a group tended to be less capable of defending themselves from attack by predators than animals located in the interior of the group
D. Animals on the periphery of a group tended to bear marks that were more distinctive to predators than animals located in the interior of the group.
E. Animals on the periphery of a group tended to have shorter life spans than animals located in the interior of the group.
2. Which of the following best describes the relationship of the second paragraph to the first?
A. The second paragraph relies on different evidence in drawing a conclusion similar to that expressed in the first paragraph.
B. The second paragraph provides further elaboration on why an assertion made at the end of the first paragraph proves to be true in most cases.
C. The second paragraph provides additional information in support of a hypothesis stated in the first paragraph.
D. The second paragraph provides an example of a case in which the assumption described in the first paragraph is unwarranted.
E. The second paragraph describes a phenomenon that has the same cause as the phenomenon described in the first paragraph.
3. It can be inferred from the passage that the author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following assertions about vigilant behavior?
A. The larger the group of animals, the higher the probability that individuals in the interior of the group will exhibit vigilant behavior.
B. Vigilant behavior exhibited by individuals in small groups is more effective at warding off predators than the same behavior exhibited by individuals in larger groups.
C. Vigilant behavior is easier to analyze in species that are preyed upon by many different predators than in species that are preyed upon by relatively few of them.
D. The term “vigilant,” when used in reference to the behavior of animals, does not refer exclusively to behavior aimed at avoiding predators.
E. The term “vigilant,” when used in reference to the behavior of animals, usually refers to behavior exhibited by large groups of animals.
4. The passage provides information in support of which of the following assertions?
A. The avoidance of predators is more important to an animal’s survival than is the quest for food.
B. Vigilant behavior aimed at predators is seldom more beneficial to groups of animals than to individual animals.
C. Different species of animals often develop different strategies for dealing with predators.
D. The size of a group of animals does not necessarily reflect its success in finding food.
E. Similar behavior in different species of animals does not necessarily serve the same purpose.
正确答案
B D D E
GRE阅读题之环境保护问题
每日一练
Although pathogenic organisms constantly alight on the skin, they find it a very unfavorable environment and, in the absence of injury, have great difficulty colonizing it. This “self-sterilizing” capacity of the skin results from the tendency of all well-developed ecosystems toward homeostasis, or the maintenance of the status quo.
Species that typically live in soil, water, and elsewhere rarely multiply on the skin. Undamaged skin is also unfavorable to most human pathogens. The skin is too acid and too arid for some species. The constant shedding of the surface skin layers further hinders the establishment of invaders. The most interesting defense mechanism, however, results from the metabolic activities of the resident flora. Unsaturated fatty acids, an important component of the lipids in sebum collected from the skin surface, inhibit the growth of several bacterial and fungal cutaneous pathogens. These acids are a metabolic product of certain gram-positive members of the cutaneous community, which break down the more complex lipids in freshly secreted sebum.
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. Offer an analysis of metabolic processes
B. detail the ways in which bacteria and fungi can be- inhibited
C. Describe mechanisms by which the skin protects itself against pathogens
D. Analyze the methods whereby biological systems maintain the status quo
E. Provide a specific example of the skin’s basic defenses against pathogens
2. The “resident flora” refers to
A. “Unsaturated fatty acids”
B. “sebum collected from the skin surface”
C. “bacterial and fungal cutaneous pathogens”
D. “certain gram-positive members of the cutaneous community”
E. “more complex lipids”
3. The author presents her material in which of the following ways?
A. Stating a problem and then supplying a solution
B. Presenting a phenomenon and then analyzing reason font
C. Providing information and then drawing a conclusion from it
D. Making a general statement and then arguing by analogy
E. Making an inference and then developing it by illustration
正确答案
C D B
GRE双语阅读：俄罗斯和西方关系变得冷淡
Russia and the West——Cold climate
俄罗斯和西方：关系变得冷淡
As relations with Europe and America freeze over, Vladimir Putin looks to China
随着与欧美关系的冻结，弗拉基米尔·普京寄望于中国
WHEN Vladimir Putin plays host to Barack Obama and other world leaders at the G20 summit in St Petersburg next week, mutual resentment and dislike will be ill-concealed. The American president recently likened the Russian leader's body language to that of a “bored kid in the back of the classroom”. Mr. Obama has cancelled a planned bilateral meeting in Moscow, choosing to visit Sweden instead.
在下周圣彼得堡举行的G20峰会上，弗拉基米尔·普金作为东道主接待奥巴马和其它国家的领导人，相互间的怨恨与厌恶将一触即发。美国总统最近将俄罗斯领导人的身体语言比作为 “坐在教室后面的无聊孩子”。奥巴马已经取消了原计划在莫斯科举行双边会谈，转而拜访瑞典。
The last straw was Russia's sheltering of Edward Snowden, a fugitive American spook. But the spat over that only crystallized something apparent since Mr Putin returned to the Kremlin in: that the “reset”, launched with much fanfare in , is not just dying, but dead.
对爱德华·斯诺登(一名逃亡的美国特工)而言，俄国的庇护是他最后一根救命稻草。但是，自从普京回到克里姆林宫之后，那些争执只是将一些表面上的东西具体化罢了： 一改当初大肆宣扬的2009俄美关系“重启计划”正在死亡的说话，直接宣布该计划已死亡。
Dmitry Trenin of the Moscow Carnegie Centre, a think-tank, says the aborted summit marks the end of a 25-year cycle which started in Mikhail Gorbachev's glory days. Now the assumption of shared goals and values is over. Russia does not pretend to be moving towards the West. Rather than responding to Western criticism with irritated pleas for patience and understanding of national specifics, it simply ignores it.
莫斯科卡内基中心的智囊团的成员之一的，德米特里·特列宁说，峰会的夭折标志着从戈尔巴乔夫统治开始的辉煌岁月在25年后迎来了终结。现在假设的共同目标和价值观已经结束了。俄罗斯也不假装要向西方靠拢。俄罗斯仅仅是采取了忽略手段，而不是对西方国家要求耐心并理解国家具体事项的恼火请求的批判做出回应。
An earlier crisis came with the Russia-Georgia war in . But Mr. Obama revived the relationship, taking seriously Dmitry Medvedev, who stood in for Mr. Putin for four years. People still argue about whether Mr. Medvedev's affability was sincere, or a stunt.
一个早期危机随着俄罗斯与鲁吉亚的战争打响。但奥巴马为这段关系重新注入生机，重视起为普京工作了四年的梅德韦杰夫。人们仍然在争论梅德韦杰夫是真心亲民，还是在秀演技。
The frost started biting over Libya. Russia backed a UN resolution to protect civilian lives, but felt duped when this resulted in the military overthrow of Muammar Qaddafi. The image of Gaddafi's “revolting slaughter—not just medieval but primeval”, stayed with Mr. Putin. “No one should be allowed to employ the Libyan scenario in Syria,” he wrote in 2012.
两国之间的冰霜是在攻击利比亚时开始的。俄罗斯支持联合国以保护平民生命的决议，但当该决议导致军队推翻卡扎菲政权时，俄罗斯感到受骗。普金对卡扎菲的形象印象深刻“一场不亚于中世纪，可谓是来自原始社会的令人作呕的屠宰”，留与普京。“不允许任何人在叙利亚重演利比亚的情节”他在20写道。
Having convinced himself that the West was behind revolutions in Ukraine and Georgia, Mr. Putin also blamed America for a wave of protests in Moscow in December : proof positive that enemies were at the Kremlin's gate. Mr Putin responded by attacking charities and campaign groups who have funding from abroad, branding them “foreign agents”.
说服自己相信西方仍支持乌克兰和格鲁吉亚的革命，普京还指责美国12月在墨西哥引发的抗议浪潮：敌人在克里姆林宫的大门是铁证如山。普京以攻击慈善机构和攻击拥有海外融资的竞选集团来作为回应，普京称他们为“外国特工”。
To shore up his core support, Mr. Putin has filled Russia's ideological vacuum with nationalism and anti-Americanism. The main thesis is of two conflicting civilizations, with the West exemplifying economic decline, international recklessness and moral depravity. Russia must shield itself from this harmful influence and preserve its own traditional values, based on Orthodoxy and past glory. This was behind a recent law against gay “propaganda”, and a ban on officials from having bank accounts and property abroad.
为了加固他的核心论据，普京以民族主义和反美主义填补了俄罗斯意识形态的空白。主要论点是两个相互冲突的文明，随着越来越明显的西方经济衰退，出现了国际性质的鲁莽行为和道德沦丧。俄罗斯必须保护自身免受这种有害的影响，并保持自己的基于东正教和过去辉煌历史的传统价值观。这个声明是在最近的一条抵制同性恋的法律，和禁止官员在国外拥有银行账户和财产之后发布的。
With business, it is a different story. Even vehement anti-Westerners embrace big foreign companies as partners and investors (they also use them as lobbyists for their political interests in the West). This double-track approach is not new. Joseph Stalin said in 1934: “Those who seek a business relationship with us will always find our support. And those who try to attack our country will be dealt a deadly blow, to deter them from sticking their snouts into our Soviet backyard.”
随着商业发展，这变成了一个与众不同的故事。甚至一些激进的反西主义者都接纳外国大公司作为合作伙伴和投资者(把外国大公司作为他们在西方谋取政治利益的游说者)。这种双轨的做法并不新鲜。斯大林在1934年说：“向我们寻求业务关系的国家总能得到我们的支持。那些试图攻击我们的国家将受到致命的打击，我们将竭力阻止他们打我们苏维埃的后院的主意。“
As an alternative to the West, Mr. Putin points to the East, hailing China's rise as a colossal chance to catch its “wind in the sails of our economy”. China and Russia, he has argued, each need the other to be strong and prosperous. Neither lectures the other on human rights. China sees Russia as a safe resource-base which would be strategically important in case of escalating tension between China and America. To prove the point, Xi Jinping, China's new leader, made Moscow his first port of call.
寻求西方的替代者，普金把目光转向了中国，称赞中国的崛起是一个极好的机会 “在经济市场乘风破浪”。 他认为，中国和俄罗斯，都需要对方的支持才能变得强大和繁荣。更不要说是在人权问题观念方面寻求支持。中国将俄罗斯视作一个可靠的资源库，在中国和美国之间的紧张局势不断升级的情况下，这将是具有重要战略意义的。为了证明这一点，中国的新领导人习近平，选择莫斯科作为他的第一个停靠港。
On Syria, Russia has repeatedly wielded its UN security-council veto against sanctions and blocked international oversight of Syrian chemical weapons. But it does not seek a confrontation. Perhaps thanks to tough talk from Israel and other countries, it seems not to have delivered advanced air-defense systems to the regime there, or provided personnel to train Syrians. Igor Malashenko, a veteran observer of Russia-American relations, says that unlike the Soviet Union, Russia does not participate in big international affairs largely because it is not prepared to take responsibility for big decisions.
在叙利亚问题上，俄罗斯曾多次挥起联合国安全安理会的否决权反对国际监督对叙利亚化学武器的制裁和阻止。但它并不是要硬碰硬。也许要归功于来自以色列和其他国家的强硬言论，似乎没有先进的防空系统去支持政权交付，或提供有关人员去培训叙利亚人。俄罗斯和美国关系的老牌观察员伊戈尔·马拉申科说，这与苏联的情况不同，俄罗斯不参与大型的国际事务在很大程度上是因为它不准备承担重大决策的风险。
But Russia has drawn a “red line” on the issue of Ukraine's association aGREement with the European Union. It has launched a fusillade of trade sanctions to press the case for its rival outfit, the Eurasian Economic Union. Fyodor Lukyanov, the editor of Russia in Global Affairs, a periodical, says the main point is anchoring former Soviet republics in Russia's sphere of influence rather than promoting trade. (And having Ukraine in the customs union would be “a guaranteed headache”, like Britain in the EU, he adds.)
但俄罗斯在乌克兰与欧盟联合协议问题上已划下“红色警戒线”。为了打击它的竞争对手欧亚经济联盟俄罗斯双管齐下的采用了贸易制裁，它已经推出了一个赤裸裸的贸易制裁。《全球事务中的俄罗斯》期刊的编辑费奥多尔表示，重点在于瞄准前苏维埃政权在当今俄罗斯势力范围内的影响，而不是促进贸易。(把乌克兰纳入海关联盟毫无疑问将是个麻烦，就像英国在欧盟中一样，他补充说。)
But bullying Ukraine is likely to alienate it further and will stoke tension with the EU, which like America has been appalled by Russia's anti-gay law. Germany, once Russia's cheerleader, is now its most vocal critic. That will be bad for business (the EU is by far Russia's biggest trading partner). It may also doom the regime's aim, stoked by self-interest, of persuading the EU to offer visa-free entry for holders of official passports.
但欺负乌克兰可能进一步疏远两者之间的关系并使与欧盟的局势变得更紧张，就像美国对俄罗斯的反同性恋的法律感到震惊。曾经以俄国为首的德国如今成为了批判的最大声，这些情况都将阻碍商务的发展(欧盟是俄罗斯迄今为止最大的贸易伙伴)。受到利己主义的煽动，说服欧盟提供公务护照持有人免签证入境也可能使政权最初目的走向灭亡。
Whatever the Kremlin says, members of Russia's educated and affluent middle class continue to look West. Russia's rulers’ greatest weakness is the lack of anything positive that could attract their own people or outsiders. For all his talk of outfitting Russia for a changing world, Mr. Putin chiefly conveys a deep fear of disturbing the fragile status quo. That is pushing the country backwards.
无论克里姆林宫怎么说，俄罗斯受过教育和富裕的中产阶级成员仍然寻找西方支持。俄罗斯的统治者最大的弱点是没有正面力量去吸引自己人或外人。为了增强俄罗斯的实力以适应这个无时不在变化的世界，普京主要传达了怕扰乱脆弱现状的恐惧。这会导致国家的后退。
篇2：CRM实战：把销售人员时间用在刀刃上
销售人员整天在那边忙忙碌碌，他们的工作到底有没有给切要创造价值呢?根据权威部分统计，仅四成不到的销售人员的工作时间是用于增值业务的洽谈上，这个结果可能让大部分人跌破眼镜，但是，这是事实。所以，如何管理好销售人员的时间，提高工作效率，如何把销售人员的时间用在刀刃上，则是很多销售经理需要考虑的问题。
CRM系统在销售人员的时间管理上，有着不少突破。销售经理通过CRM 的时间管理模块，不仅可以管理自己的时间，而且还可以控制销售员的活动，让销售员在自己的指示下，完成相应的工作。时间管理的典型应用如下。
典型利用一、销售员自动汇报工作计划，销售经理作出审核
销售员在每周五，要通过CRM系统的时间管理模块，把下周要完成的工作汇报给销售经理。如某个销售员下个星期的工作安排是星期一去拜访“杭州诚通机械有限公司”，星期二去拜访“宁波诚意机械有限公司”，星期三去拜访 “金华市广博标准件有限公司”，星期四回到公司，追踪相关的的订单工作，星期五去见一个新客户“方程工具有限公司”。
销售经理可以直接点销售员，查看该销售员的工作计划。假设销售经理看后，觉得不是很合理，可以在系统上直接进行调整，
如认为必须先去处理“宁波诚意机械有限公司”客户的不良品投诉问题，可以让销售员星期一就去这家客户，然后，星期二再去杭州诚通机械有限公司拜访;或者要求其星期一赶到杭州，早上去拜访杭州诚通机械有限公司，下午直接去“金华市广博标准件有限公司”。
因为这家客户合作的比较好，这次只是去常规拜访，所以，没有必要去一整天，只要在下午下班前一个小时左右，去跟他们沟通一下即可。如此，就可以节省一天的时间。
销售人员的计划改变后，销售人员马上会接到通知。销售人员可以拿着这张工作表，安排下个星期的行程了。
如此，销售经理就可以对销售人员的一举一动了如指掌，再也不用怕销售人员偷懒了;而且通过销售经理的合理安排，还可以提高销售人员的工作效率，让销售人员把宝贵的时间，都用在刀刃上。
典型利用二、实时查询，处理突发事件
若在星期二下午，突然接到客户“永康市富达工具有有限公司”的投诉电话，说产品有质量问题，要求公司派销售人员去处理。怎么办呢?因为本来负责这家客户的销售人员现在出差在青海张家港，若让其赶过去明显不现实。此时，销售经理就要知道，有哪个销售人员刚好在永康旁边出差呢?
销售经理一查时间管理的出差行程表，就可以发现原来有个销售员正在金华出差。销售经理此时只要给这个销售员打电话，让其星期三不用回公司了，直接去永康市富达工具有有限公司好了，去处理他们的不良品问题。而且，还可以通过CRM系统，把这批不良品的出货信息通过CRM系统的邮件系统发给销售员，让其在去处理问题前，能够了解尽可能多的问题。销售经理同时在CRM系统中更新相关信息。
如此，销售经理即使面对一些突发情况，也不会手忙脚乱，可以轻松应对。点几下鼠标，就可以把工作安排下去。坐在老板椅上，喝着咖啡，就可以轻松的指点江山。
篇3：雅思阅读高分技巧之时间掌控
争分夺秒考雅思 雅思阅读高分技巧之时间掌控
正确的时间分配可以帮助考生在考场上最大限度的发挥自己的实际水平，提高整体正确率。合理的时间安排，原则上是20分钟一篇。但是考生都有自己熟悉的话题和有把握的题材。所以，在正式开始做题之前，考生不妨可以通过标题浏览等方式Skim三篇文章，按照自己的实际情况对于三篇文章的难易程度进行定位，确定哪篇文章是自己把握性比较大的，对于这种比较有把握文章一定要保证时间充足，这样有助于整体正确率的提升。但是每一篇文章原则上最多不超过25分钟，否则考生是没有办法有效率的完成40道题目的。
在时间分配这一点上，要特别提醒那些基础比较好的考生。因为此类考生往往更加容易“栽跟头”。雅思阅读文章篇幅较长，之后还有四十道题目需要完成，这就要求考生精读和泛读相结合。需要提别提出的是，文章中的信息有主次之分，那些与考题相关的信息才是考生需要精读的内容。而基础较好的同学往往为了保证正确率会采取全篇精读的方式去完成题目，这样的话就没有办法保证在规定的时间内完成所有题目。
最后需要在时间安排上提醒考生们注意的是，要留取填写答题卡的时间。雅思考试第一场听力考试是有10分钟的时间留给考生填写答题卡的。但是在紧接着的第二场阅读考试中，填写答题卡的时间包含在一个小时考试时间里面。在此，雅思中国网海外考试研究中心的老师们建议考生，分篇填写。完成一篇之后就把填写在答题卡上，这样可以避免最后完全来不及填写答题卡的情况出现。
除去时间掌控之外，考生们在考场上还要注意的是考试的题型安排。正确的做题顺序可以帮助考生更加有效的完成题目。雅思学术类阅读现在官网上分为十大题型：Multiple Choice;Short-answer questions;Sentence Completion;Notes, Summary or Table/Flow-chart Completion;Labelling a Diagram;Headings;Locating Information;Identification of Writer’s Views/Claims or of Information in a Text;Classification;Matching。这些题型绝大多数题目是细节型的题。一般来说，建议考生按照从大意题到细节题的做题顺序完成整篇试题。也就是说，在考试过程中，如果考生遇到“Headings”这种标准的大意题，当然是需要最先完成的。而其他细节题在考生对于文章大意有所了解的前提下去完成会很容易定位。在此需要特别说明的是最近很流行的细节配对题，一般建议考生安排在其他题目完成之后再去完成，这样考生对于文章的结构和各段的大意都有比较清晰的了解，在这个基础上再去完成细节配对题会节约很多定位的时间，而且正确率也会有所提升。
最后要提醒即将考试的“烤鸭”们的就是信心和情绪。良好的心理素质是在考场上正常发挥水平的重要保证。长期辛苦的备考之后，考生们有理由相信自己会在考场上取得满意的成绩。适当的自信也是阅读速度和解题正确率的保证。另外，有些考生如果碰到的文章是自己不熟悉的领域或不熟悉的题型就会大受“打击”，影响做题情绪。这个是完全没有必要的。要明白有时候文章当中那些生词往往根本不会影响考生做题，属于我们上文所提及的次要信息。所以千万不要让那些次要的内容影响了做题目的情绪，否则就是得不偿失了。
雅思阅读小范围预测
Coastal sculpture 艺术
New Zealand famous writer Margaret Mahy
人物传记
Solving an Arctic Mystery 人文社科
When did music begin? 艺术
New Zealand Home Textile Craft人文社科
Sweet Trouble–Australia sugarcane industry农业
The Grimme Fairy Tale
人文社科
Gesture 人文社科
Dust and American 环保
Birds intelligence 动物
Food Addictive 工业
Japan's ancient pottery 历史
Fish communications 动物
Darkside of Technological Boom科技
Children's adults 文学
文章题目 Children's adults
重复年份 1219 0802 1026
题材 文学
题型 选择 4+句子配对 4+判断 4+简答 1
文章大意 讲了儿童文学。探讨了从成人角度去写儿童文学的视角不同。
参考阅读：
CHILDREN’S LITERATURE
A Stories and poems aimed at children have an exceedingly long history:
lullabies, for example, were sung in Roman times, and a few nursery games and
rhymes are almost as ancient. Yet so far as written-down literature is concerned,while there were stories in print before 1700 that children often seized on when they had the chance, such as translations of Aesop’s fables, fairy-stories and popular ballads and romances, these were not aimed at young people in particular.Since the only genuinely child-oriented literature at this time would have been a few instructional works to help with reading and general knowledge, plus the odd Puritanical tract as an aid to morality, the only course for keen child readers was to read adult literature. This still occurs today, especially with adult thrillers or romances that include more exciting, graphic detail than is normally found in the literature for younger readers
B By the middle of the 18th century there were enough eager child readers, and enough parents glad to cater to interest, for publishers to specialize in children’s books whose first aim was pleasure rather than education or morality. In Britain, a London merchant named Thomas Boreham produced Cajanus, The Swedish Giant in 1742, while the more famous John Newbery published A Little Pretty Pocket Book in 1744. Its contents—rhymes, stories, children’s games plus a free gift (‘A ball and a pincushion’)— in many ways anticipated the similar lucky-dip contents of children’s annuals this century. It is a tribute to Newbery’s flair that he hit upon a winning formula quite so quickly, to be pirated almost immediately in America.
C Such pleasing levity was not to last. Influenced by Rousseau, whose Emile (1762)decreed that all books children save Robinson Crusoe were a dangerous diversion, contemporary critics saw to it that children’s literature should be instructive and uplifting. Prominent among such voices was Mrs. Sarah Trimmer, whose magazine The Guardian of Education (1802) carried the first regular reviews of children’s books. It was she who condemned fairy-tales for their violence and general absurdity; her own stories, Fabulous Histories (1786)described talking animals who were always models of sense and decorum
D. So the moral story for children was always threatened from within, given the way children have of drawing out entertainment from the sternest moralist. But the greatest blow to the improving children’s book was to come from an unlikely source indeed: early 19th-century interest in folklore. Both nursery rhymes, selected by James Orchard Halliwell for a folklore society in 1842, and collection of fairy-stories by the scholarly Grimm brothers, swiftly translated into English in 1823, soon rocket to popularity with the young, quickly leading to new editions, each one more child-centered than the last. From now on younger children could expect stories written for their particular interest and with the needs of their own limited experience of life kept well to the fore
E What eventually determined the reading of older children was often not the availability of special children’s literature as such but access to books that contained characters, such as young people or animals, with whom they could more easily empathize, or action, such as exploring or fighting, that made few demands on adult maturity or understanding
F The final apotheosis of literary childhood as something to be protected from unpleasant reality came with the arrival in the late 1930s of child-centered bestsellers intend on entertainment at its most escapist. In Britain novelist such as Enid Blyton and Richmal Crompton described children who were always free to have the most unlikely adventures, secure in the knowledge that nothing bad could ever happen to them in the end. The fact that war broke out again during her books’ greatest popularity fails to register at all in the self-enclosed world inhabited by Enid Blyton’s young characters. Reaction against such dreamworlds was inevitable after World War II, coinciding with the growth of paperback sales, children’s libraries and a new spirit of moral and social concern. Urged on by committed publishers and progressive librarians, writers slowly began to explore new areas of interest while also shifting the settings of their plots from the middle-class world to which their chiefly adult patrons had always previously belonged.
G Critical emphasis, during this development, has been divided. For some the most important task was to rid children’s books of the social prejudice and exclusiveness no longer found acceptable. Others concentrated more on the positive achievements of contemporary children’s literature. That writers of these works are now often recommended to the attentions of adult as well as child readers echoes the 19th-century belief that children’s literature can be shared by the generations, rather than being a defensive barrier between childhood and the necessary growth towards adult understanding.
雅思阅读小范围预测
PassageOne
新旧情况 旧
题材 历史类
题目 俄罗斯芭蕾历史
题型
判断题 6 个
摘要题 7 个
整篇文章按照时间和人物顺序安排，第一段姜 17世纪俄罗斯对待芭蕾的态度。
第二段讲两任沙皇罗曼诺夫和彼得大帝对待芭蕾的不同。
第三、四段讲几位艺术家在俄罗斯的遭遇，其中有普希金，尼金斯基
(Nijinsky)
(类似参考文章)
The History of Russian Ballet
17th Century
Ballet in Russia was created by foreigners and yet it is most definitely “Russian”. In the 17th century ballet was introduced into Russia by the second Romanov ruler Tsar Alexis Mikhailovich (1629-1676, reigned from 1645) for his wedding festivities.
Peter the Great (1672-1725, reigned from 1682) took a personal interest in dancing at his court by bringing in Western dances and taking part in them himself. With the help of his prisoners from the Swedish wars -- the Swedish officers -- he taught his courtiers.
18th Century
The dissemination of ballet in Russia and its deep rooted appeal to all Russians can be traced back to those nobles who, often living so far away from the capital, commanded their own entertainment, setting up ballet troupes often composed of serfs who had been trained at the Imperial School.
The formal beginning of Russian ballet can be traced back to a letter written in 1737 to the Empress Anne (1693-1740, reigned from 1730) by the teacher of gymnastics at the Imperial Cadet School.
雅思阅读大范围预测
中文标题：Living with uncertainty
题材：自然环境
重复场次：0109A 20140515
中文标题：The power of music
题材：艺术
重复场次：20160109A、1212
.文标题：Does class size matter
题材：教育
重复场次：20160109 20131116
中文标题：Trade 发展史
题材：20160109B
重复场次：0728
中文标题：The history of Russian Ballet
题材：发展史
重复场次：20160114 20150418 20121124
篇4：把握论点GRE阅读技巧之研究式学习
把握论点 GRE阅读技巧之研究式学习
如果一个人认为阅读对取得GRE高分不重要，可以放弃，如在机考时有人主张的那样，那么他不必读这篇文章。也不必读那些与他的意图完全相违的文字了。而如果有人不只是认为阅读就是硬读后碰运气，而认为阅读有可教可学的地方，那么我希望下面的内容有益于加强他的这种认识。
有形形色色的阅读理论，声称能够达到GRE的目的。评价这些阅读理论的标准，首先应该来自GRE阅读理解考试要求的理解。这要求再也简单不过，在15分钟左右读完答完一长一短两篇文章的内容和题目这个要求下，精读显然是不可能的事，虽然如果时间足够长，可以保证做对细节题。泛读就是大致看看，但GRE题目有时考到段落或文章整体结构，这不是随便浏览就可以掌握全文的。人们也总结很多阅读技巧。它们固然可以帮助读者有效的缩小阅读量，甚至鼓励人完全忽视掉那些专业的细节，但这些技巧存在有共同的问题：只对讲解员所讲到的有限的文章适用。改进的办法是发明不同的技巧去对应所有文章。理论上可行，但在实践上给考生留下问题：他们不容易知道何时该使用哪些技巧。技巧越多，就越具特殊性，杂多技巧的组合，让人感到混乱。另一方面，做题的技巧倒是非常实用，不过，运用做题技巧的基本条件是知道题目考察的是文章的哪个位置;位置的确定也许不能只靠单纯阅读技巧来碰运气。
1.GRE文章不是说明性文字，而是论证性文。
如电视机的说明书和校园简介，也不是叙述性文字，如长篇小说和短篇小说。GRE题目也总是以考论证结构为主。例如，考主题和态度(包括写法型EXCEPT，考负评价的取非，从否定角度考核心内容的一般的EXCEPT);考特殊论证内容，如让步、对比;考句子在段落中的作用(in order to);考有哪些论据(论据列举);考论据中的特殊形式(泛指化)。由此，读文章最重要的是分析结构。分析结构是一种研究式的学习，在其要求下，我们的阅读方法是结构化阅读。
2.论证性文字一定是以论证为特点。
这特点及于文章的各个层面：篇章-段落-句子-单词。篇章由多个论点组成，论点由作为论据的句子构成，句子本身的典型构成是前后场由表示论证关系的词汇连接，体现论证的意义的单词最重要。要真懂得文章，必须把所有那些表现论证的字词句抓出，而这却恰好是过去所有阅读方法都忽略的。
关联词和广义的关联成分，经过GRE的反复宣传，已经获得众所周知的重要性，在此不论。但是，单纯的关联词也可能组成没有新鲜内容的堆砌文章，于是内容上的关联成为必要，这靠论证形式，也就是，我们要看一个论点是如何展开的，或说文章是如何结构或论证的。对一个论点而言，论证的方式是分角度;但不是所有论点都可以分角度，那些不容易分角度的，论点按照其自身潜在包含的内容展开，由此有差异、正、反三类关系，每种关系的论证都相对模式化。这样，我们就可以懂得文章每句话在论证上的作用，无须完全依赖对文章各句所涉专业知识的了解。
GRE阅读模拟题
1800 Thomas Dilworth’s New Guide to the English Dialogue was being widely used to teach reading in the United States. Dilworth's primer, unlike earlier ones, stressed the importance of children’s understanding what they read. While it is in fact unlikely that children would have recognized all the vocabulary Dilworth used, that was at least his stated goal. Dilworth recognized that primers should enable children to decode words from print with the form of language they already knew: speech. In contrast, many earlier authors assumed that, just as introductory Latin texts taught children an unknown language, introductory English texts should teach English as if it, too, were an unknown language.
1. According to the passage, the “earlier authors” adopted a model for English instruction that
A. mirrored the practice used in Latin instruction
B. was originally formulated by Dilworth
C. was less esoteric than that adopted by Dilworth
D. stressed familiarity with the peculiarities of English spelling
E. emphasized the importance of fluent and articulate speech
2. The author of the passage would probably agree with which of the following criticisms of English primers predating Dilworth’s?
A. Their Latinate grammatical terms poorly described the structures of English.
B. They failed to make effective use of the knowledge of language a child already possessed.
C. Their texts typically focused on subject matter that held little intrinsic interest for their readers.
D. They neglected to teach the language in a sufficiently systematic way.
E. They required a pedagogical method that few American teachers of the era possessed.
1
1800 Thomas Dilworth’s New Guide to the English Dialogue was being widely used to teach reading in the United States.
1800 年，T D 的 < New Guide to the English Dialogue > 被广泛用于美国的阅读教材。
2
Dilworth's primer, unlike earlier ones, stressed the importance of children’s understanding what they read.
不像早期作者，D 的入门读物，重在强调孩子对所读材料的理解。
3
While it is in fact unlikely that children would have recognized all the vocabulary Dilworth used, that was at least his stated goal.
尽管实际上孩子们未必认识 D 所用的每一个单词，但至少这是他的既定目标。
4
Dilworth recognized that primers should enable children to decode words from print with the form of language they already knew: speech.
D 认识到，入门读物应该让孩子能够把印刷品上的字词，解码为他们已知的语言形式：口语。
5
In contrast, many earlier authors assumed that, just as introductory Latin texts taught children an unknown language, introductory English texts should teach English as if it, too, were an unknown language.
与之相对地，许多更早的作者认为，就像介绍拉丁语的教材教授孩子们一门未知的语言，介绍英文的教材也应该把英语作为一门新语言来教。
1. According to the passage, the “earlier authors” adopted a model for English instruction that
A. mirrored the practice used in Latin instruction
B. was originally formulated by Dilworth
C. was less esoteric than that adopted by Dilworth
D. stressed familiarity with the peculiarities of English spelling
E. emphasized the importance of fluent and articulate speech
选 A
根据句 5：
In contrast, many earlier authors assumed that, just as introductory Latin texts taught children an unknown language, introductory English texts should teach English as if it, too, were an unknown language.
2. The author of the passage would probably agree with which of the following criticisms of English primers predating Dilworth’s?
A. Their Latinate grammatical terms poorly described the structures of English.
B. They failed to make effective use of the knowledge of language a child already possessed.
C. Their texts typically focused on subject matter that held little intrinsic interest for their readers.
D. They neglected to teach the language in a sufficiently systematic way.
E. They required a pedagogical method that few American teachers of the era possessed.
选 B
问我们作者的某种态度，首先遵循一个原则：作者的态度必须来自文段陈述的观点或事实，或者根据这些观点及事实引出的推论，没有这种根据，再像的选项也不选。
具体到本题，问我们作者可能同意哪一种对比 D 更早的英语入门读物作者的批评。
回顾文章，作者有没有直接批评 D 以前的其他作家?
没有。
但作者明确表示过两点：1，D 和其他早期作者不同;2，D 注重培养孩子把书面印刷信息转化为口语来理解。
综合来看，选 B。
A 未知信息。文中没涉及过 Latinate grammatical terms 。
C 干扰项。文章讨论的始终是教学思想，即要怎么教孩子阅读，没有讨论过这些初级阅读的写作对象或主题，subject matter 乱入。
D 强干扰项。作者的确可能不认同其他早期作者的教材编写策略，但作者从未批评他们不够系统有效，我们甚至无法推出，作者认为 D 的方法系统有效的推论。
E 看到 American teachers 你就知道，这个选项是凑数的。
GRE考试填空真题及解析
He was one of the most powerful chess players over and one of the most _____; at the height of his fame he all but dropped out of chess, entering into a self-imposed exile.
A. perplexing
B. creative
C. troubled
D. infuriating
E. enigmatic
F. imaginative
解析
he all but dropped out of chess和one of the most powerful chess players体现出一种让人琢磨不透的感觉
正确答案选AE选项。perplexing让人迷惑的，enigmatic难以捉摸的。
翻译
他时最强大的象棋选手之一而且是最让人迷惑的人之一;在它的荣誉高度上她几乎退出了象棋，进入一个自我强加的流放。
篇5：GRE阅读技巧之词汇记忆比例8%就可以
GRE阅读技巧：词汇记忆比例8%就可以
新GRE阅读词汇量非常巨大，但是它却影响着GRE成绩的的好坏，所以考生在备考非常多的时间再背诵单词上面。但大家可能不知道，在做GRE阅读题目的时候，只要把不认识的单词控制在整篇文章词汇数量的8%的范围内就可以了。
GRE考试改革后，对整体gre词汇量的要求下降20%，但是新GRE阅读材料词汇的考察中增加了对词汇的理解能力等等的题目，所以难度还是很大的，大家不要把注意力只放在数量的积累上，在整体文章的理解方面也是要有涉及的。
GRE阅读材料是论证性文字，不是说明性文字，也不是叙述性文字。这种以论证为特点的文字，及于GRE阅读文章的各个层面：“篇章—段落—句子—单词”。篇章由多个论点组成，论点由作为论据的句子构成，句子本身的典型构成是前后句由表示论证关系的词汇连接，而体现论证的意义的单词最重要。
首先要说的是，一篇文章中不认识的单词占全文词汇总量的比例只要控制在8%以内，是绝对不会影响到我们对全文任何观点的理解的。基于这一点，我们大家大可不必因为遇到了几个我们完全没见过的奇形怪状的单词而感到头痛和挣扎。因为它们不足以对我们理解文章产生影响。
但同时，我们在阅读文章的过程中也常常会碰到这样的一些词汇，那就是专有名词，尤其是涉及全文主题的专有名词，难道我们就必须一一认识它?答案显然是否定的。
什么叫做认识专有名词?从英到汉的翻译叫做认识?还是知道专有名词的特征叫做认识?
我们在阅读理解中有没有遇到过这样的问题提法：What is sedge root? 我想没有，因为这种问法是在问专有名词的翻译。我们遇到的更多是这样的一些问法：According to the passage, which of the following statements about sedge root is true? What can be inferred from the passage about sedge root? 这些问题的提法却是在问专有名词的文中阐述特征。我们再从文章本身对这个问题做出进一步的分析。
假设原文有这样一句话：Sedge root, a woody fiber that can be easily separated into strands, is essential to basketry production. 请问sedge root的中文翻译“莎草的根”能够帮助我们解决阅读理解题目吗?我想很难!真正能够帮助我们解决阅读理解题目的应该是这样的文字a woody fiber (木制纤维)和定语从句中的文字部分can be easily separated into strands (能够轻易地被分割成线)。
通过以上的分析，想必大家已经非常清楚地认识到，过去我们拼命去死记硬背专有名词的中文释义是多么愚蠢的行为。因为真正的认识应该是对特征的认识，所以一个专有名词和他的中文释义对我们来说是没有任何意义的，毕竟我们对它们都没有任何的概念。
最后很多人都说我们可以从上下文中猜出单词的释义，难道真的是这样么?
例如有这样一句话“Supernova is a massive star which undergoes gravitational collapse。” 我们是不可能从上下文中猜出supernova的释义“超新星”的。而我们真正能够做到的只是从上下文中猜出单词的特征：supernova是巨大的恒星 (massive star)，它在进行引力收缩(undergoes gravitational collapse)。于是以后当我们遇到不认识的单词，我们可以再也不用停下来思考单词的释义，也不用费尽思量地去猜所谓的单词的释义，我们需要做的只是静下心来在后面找到单词在文章当中传达的特征就可以。
各位考生在记忆新GRE阅读词汇的时候，需要根据自己的实际情况，对文章中的部分词汇进行有针对性的记忆，才能在尽量节省时间的前提下提高效率，提高答题的正确率。
GRE阅读高频词汇分享
attest 证明
attorney 律师
atypical 非典型的
austerity 严格，严厉
authentically 真正地
authenticate 证明…为真
authenticity 真实性
authorship 出处，(作品的)来源
autobiographer 自传作者
automate 使…自动化
automatically 自然地
avant 激进的，先锋的
averse 反对的
awaken (使…)醒来
babbling 胡言乱语
backdrop 背景
backfire 产生与预期情况完全相反的结果，适得其反
ballad 民谣;民歌
banal 陈腐的
bandwidth 频带宽度
bankruptcy 破产
banquet 宴会
beget 产生，引起
belated 迟来的
benefactor 捐助者
bereave 使…丧失，剥夺
bewilder 使…迷惑
biblical 圣经的
biochemistry 生物化学
biomolecular 生物分子的
biosphere 生物圈
bishop 主教
bison 野牛
GRE阅读高频词汇分享
aerial 空中的 appraisal 评估
aerobes 需氧生物 appreciative 有鉴识力的
aerobic 好氧的，需氧的 apprehensive 忧虑的;有理解力的
affective 情感的;感动的 apprenticeship 学徒身份;见习期
afflict 使…苦恼，折磨 approbation 认可，赞扬
afloat 漂浮的 arcane 神秘的，只有入门的人才了解
ageless 不变老的，不显老的 archetypal 原型的，典型的
aggregation 聚集 architect 建筑师
aggressor 攻击者 archive 档案，档案馆
agility 机敏 archon (古雅典的)执政官
ahistorical 与历史无关的 argumentation 论证
alienation 疏远 aristocrat 贵族
alight 落下 artisan 工匠
alkaloid 生物碱 ascription 归因
allegedly 据称 aspiration 抱负，渴望
allude 暗示 assemblage 集合艺术品
alongside 在…旁边 assessable 可估计的，可评估的
alternatively 交替地 assimilationist 主张社会同化论者
amend 修正 assistance 援助
amplification 扩大，扩充 assuredly 确实地
amplitude 振幅 astute 敏锐的，精明的
amusement 娱乐 atelier 画室，工作间
anachronistic 时代错误的;过时的 athleticism 运动竞赛
GRE阅读高频词汇分享
abound 充满 anaerobe 厌氧微生物
absorber 吸收物 analogue 类似物
abstraction 抽象概念 anarchist 无政府主义者
abstractness 抽象性 annihilate 毁灭，消灭
abut 邻接 annoyance 烦恼
academia 学术界 annul 使…无效
accommodationist 妥协者 anomalous 不规则的，不寻常的
accountability 有责任 Antarctic 南极的
accusation 指控 anthology 选集
achievable 可完成的 anthropology 人类学
acrobacy 高级特技 anticommunist ..产主义者
acrobat 杂技演员 antidiscrimination 反种族歧视的
activator 催化剂 antifeminist反女权主义的，反男女平等主义的
acuity 敏锐 antimatter 反物质
acutely 剧烈地;敏锐地 antiracist 反种族主义者
adduce 引证 antisocial 反社会的
adhesive 黏性的 antithesis 对立面
admirable 令人钦佩的 antiviral 抗病毒的
admissible 可接受的 appendix 阑尾
admit 承认 apportion 分配
advective平流的 apportionment 分配
GRE阅读高频词汇分享
unjustifiably 不合理地(无理地，不认为正当地)
unleash 接触解除…的束缚，释放 virtuous 有道德的，善良正直的
unmarried 未婚的 vista 展望，回想
unmitigated 未缓和的 visualize 视觉化，使…形象化
unpopulated 荒无人烟的 vulgarization 粗俗化，大众化
unproductive 没有效率的，无价值的，无用的waning 逐渐变小或变弱
unprotected 无保护的 wariness 谨慎
unquestionably 无可非议地 waxing 逐渐变大或增强
unravel 解开，解决 wholehearted 全心全意的
unrecognized 未被认可的;未被认知的 wield 行驶
unreliability 不可靠 wildness 荒地
unrepresentative 无代表性的 withhold 扣留，保留;抑制
unresponsiveness 无应答状态 workforce 劳动力
unsaturated 不饱和的 wrong 错误地
unsuccessful 失败的 yardstick 码尺
unsupported 没有得到支持的 zoological 动物学的
unsuspecting 可信任的 abbreviate 使…简略
unsystematic 无系统的，无组织的 aberrant 反常的
untried 未经试验的 abide 坚持
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