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托福阅读备考新手常见问题解答

时间:2024-06-19 08:33:13 其他范文 收藏本文 下载本文

今天小编就给大家整理了托福阅读备考新手常见问题解答,本文共6篇,希望对大家的工作和学习有所帮助,欢迎阅读!

托福阅读备考新手常见问题解答

篇1:托福阅读备考新手常见问题解答

【入门基础】托福阅读备考新手常见问题汇总解答

1、托福阅读如何使用技巧?

参加托福考试的考试一般集中在高中生、大学生,词汇量在四五千左右,他们在接触托福阅读的时候会遇到很多生词,尤其是分门别类的学科词汇,分为地理、天文、生物学、动物学四大块,学员就会有很多的误解,到底应该掌握多少词汇才能做好托福阅读。其实只要确定好中心词汇和构架词汇的区别,对学科词汇只需要认知,对构架词汇需要熟知。在技巧中只需要通过分解句型,由于托福阅读特别长,每个都是长连句分析,把它按照逻辑分解之后,按照关键词,找到重点部分,最后找到简洁的出题主干,就很容易理解了。

2、读托福阅读文章应该使用哪种顺序方法?

读文章一般都是先看题目再读文章。看题目的话,托福和雅思的区别就在于要我们自己去定位,因为每个题目都是按照文章的顺序顺延下来的,只是在最后一个小结题目的时候需要翻开前面的文章,重点读每一段的首末句找到它。

3、托福阅读做题时有哪些常见误区?

大多数同学的问题都在于对句子的理解,尤其是复合句,考生无法理解整个句子,而是会按照个别的单次来分散,造成句子理解的中断。因此考生备考阅读时需要学会把句子分解,去看句子的构架,这样去找主干的话就会容易的多了。由于托福阅读中,一长段的内容实际上有效信息并不多,要从中找出有效信息就需要对句型有了解,只看独立的词就无法理解意思。

4、托福阅读词汇量过大学六级就能拿高分吗?

考生考过六级之后不一定能在托福上获得高分,六级和托福的考试还是有非常大的区别。六级的词汇量是考托福起码的一个基础。因为六级背诵的大多数是构架词汇,这些是需要熟练的。如果有六级词汇的基础,后续学习中基础提高也会比较快。

托福阅读小结题如何解答

Prose Summary 小结题

An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

(一个总结性句子已经给出.通过选择三个选项来完成这个总结,所选的选项需要表达原文最重要的信息.有些选项不属于总结性选项,因为他们表达了没在原文中出现的信息或者是原文中的细节信息.此题两分.)通过分析题干给出的具体信息,我们能够看出,这道题目的关键要求在于选择重要信息,总结性信息.也就意味着,有的选项虽然正确,但是如果它表达的是原文中的细节信息,那么依然不能作为正确答案,这是这道题目中最难的一个点.

13-14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage.

This question is worth 2 points. This passage discusses fossils that help to explain the likely origins of cetaceanswhales, porpoises, and dolphins.

Answer Choices

1. Recent discoveries of fossils have helped to show the link between land mammals and cetaceans.

2. The discovery of Ambulocetus natans provided evidence for a whale that lived both on land and at sea.

3. The skeleton of Basilosaurus was found in what had been the Tethys Sea, an area rich in fossil evidence.

4. Pakicetus is the oldest fossil whale yet to be found.

5. Fossils thought to be transitional forms between walking mammals and swimming whales were found.

6. Ambulocetus' hind legs were used for propulsion in the water.

这是每篇文章最后的一个大题,基于全文的基础进行提问,所以,我们可以根据文章的关键句,先来判断这篇文章的主要内容.以下摘选了文章的每个自然段的关键句,我们一起

来看一下:

THE ORIGINS OF CETACEANS

第一自然段:It should be obvious that cetaceanswhales, porpoises, and dolphins-are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. …

第二自然段:Very exciting discoveries have finally__ allowed scientists to reconstruct the most likely origins of cetaceans. …

第三自然段:The fossil consists of a complete skull of an archaeocyte, an extinct group of ancestors of modern cetaceans. Although limited to a skull, the Pakicetus fossil provides precious details on the origins of cetaceans. …

第四自然段:Another major discovery was made in Egypt in 1989. Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert. …

第五自然段:An even more exciting find was reported in 1994, also from Pakistan. The now extinct whale Ambulocetus natans (“the walking whale that swam”) lived in the Tethys Sea 49 million years ago. …

首先,第一自然段综述关于鲸类动物是哺乳动物的事实,到了第二自然段开始揭示鲸类动物起源的具体细节,说到科学家有一些重要发现,到了第三自然段开始交待第一种化石的名称Pakicetus.第四自然段又提到另外一种化石发现,名字为Basilosaurus,最后一自然段提到第三种化石发现Ambulocetus natans,总结来说,这篇文章通过介绍三个化石来揭示了鲸类的起源.

接下来,我们来看以下选项,首先来看第一个选项:

1. Recent discoveries of fossils have helped to show the link between land mammals and cetaceans.( 最近的化石发现帮助解释了陆生哺乳动物与鲸类之间的关系),此选项概括了本文的主要信息,因此可以算作小结题的答案.2. The discovery of Ambulocetus natans provided evidence for a whale that lived both on land and at sea.( 化石Ambulocetus natans 的发现提供了关于鲸及生活在陆地上又生活在海里的依据),Ambulocetus natans 是本文三个重要化石之一, 且在本选项中体现了Ambulocetus natans 化石对于揭示鲸类起源的重要作用,因此算作小总结信息从而作为正确选项.3. The skeleton of Basilosaurus was found in what had been the Tethys Sea, an area rich in fossil evidence.(Basilosaurus 在一个叫做Tethys Sea 的地方被发现,这个地方有很多的化石),此选项中虽然提到了本文的一个重要化石Basilosaurus,但是并没有陈述Basilosaurus 对于揭示鲸类起源的作用,因此不能算作正确答案.换句话说,只提到Basilosaurus 化石所发现的地点是不足以作为本文的小结信息的.4. Pakicetus is the oldest fossil whale yet to be found.(Pakicetus 是迄今为止发现的最古老的鲸类化石),此选项也提到了本文中重要化石Pakicetus,但并没有提到Pakicetus 对于揭示鲸类起源的作用,因此不能作为小结题的重要选项.5. Fossils thought to be transitional forms between

walking mammals and swimming whales were found.(被认为是陆生哺乳动物与水生鲸类之间的过渡化石被发现),此选项概括了本文的主要内容,本文的主旨内容即是讲述鲸类原本是陆生哺乳动物的事实,因此,5 是正确选项.6. Ambulocetus' hind legs were used for propulsion in the water.(Ambulocetus natans 的后腿用来在水中前进),本选项貌似也提到了重要化石Ambulocetus natans,但是Ambulocetus natans 的后腿用来在水中前进是一个细节信息,因此不能作为正确答案.所以,本题的正确答案为125.

托福阅读词汇外延带来的好处

在日常训练中总结托福阅读里出现的词汇,词组,以及每天花一定时间记忆托福阅读高频词汇是相当重要的,但是,这个过程要注意方法:记忆词汇最好结合一定的语言环境去记,通过一定的语言环境,去理解单词的内涵,甚至是其表达方式的文化背景。

在这里,先举个简单的例子,大家都知道work是工作,劳动的意思,而在“The new method worked”这个句子里,work的意思却是奏效的意思。太简单了?那好,我们再来看个例子,deny这个词,很多人都知道是否认,拒绝的意思,大家甚至于列出一大堆同义词来,比如,refuse, decline, reject 等, 这是个好现象,但是很多学生当碰到 “In the old times, a lot of girls were denied the right of education。”

这样的句子的时候就开始犯难了。否认,拒绝套进去似乎都解释不通。其实,这个句子里的deny没像大家想象的那么神秘,各位可以用 be deprived of 这个词组来理解它。

在拿到一个单词的时候,在了解了其中文意思,参照了例句之后,大家不妨想一下,如果是我来用这个词造个句子,我会怎么用它。用了主动语态之后,我该怎么把这个词放到被动语态中去,加上时间状语、地点状语、条件状语等等之后又是怎么样的,如果我是外国人,我会怎么运用它。

每个人遣词造句的思路其实是大同小异的(当然也不乏思维特异的人,不过托福考试毕竟针对的是广大的人民群众,而不是针对爱因斯坦这样级别的学生的),因此托福阅读文章的作者也是如此,如果,你在记忆托福词汇的时候,能够灵活运用,注意词汇的外延,那势必会对你理解不同的句型,文章带来好处。

如何迅速确定托福阅读题型和主题

了解托福阅读题型需要考生注意解题方法,熟悉阅读的主题需要考生现具备较多的背景知识。新东方在线托福网为大家带来如何迅速确定托福阅读题型和主题,希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线托福网!

1、题型——注重解题方法

托福阅读10种题型,除最后的小结题外大都属于考查文章细节的题目。根据题干中的关键词定位是至关重要的一步,然后就是理解。此时如果词汇量太小怎么办?事实上做阅读我们永远要牢记的就是找句子主干,考查的信息基本都在主干中体现了,

比如:

The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops。

这个句子较长,其中有which引导的定语从句,还有hunted… 这个状语,而解题时我们只需要句子的主干The deer were gone。多数同学在做题时有个习惯就是看到一句话后就开始逐词阅读,甚至试图把它翻译成中文,这可谓“兵家大忌”。

遇到一句话先抓主干,遇到整段记得扫描段落有无显眼的连词,举例信号词等,浏览每段的主题句。

再说一下小结题,大多数考生的切肤之痛。一是做到最后一题时时间已所剩无几,二是最后一题是对全文的主要内容的总结,相对复杂。

在课堂中,我一再向学生强调把握全文结构及大意的重要性,而如何去把握?

一是做题之前可大概浏览文章的标题及每段首句。作为学术性的阅读文章,首句基本都是主题句。尤其是总分结构的文章,比如TPO6中的Infantile Amnesia, 虽然文章较难理解,但是文中明确提出了三种观点first,second,third… 那么此类文章小结题的选项太显而易见了。再者,文章的每段会对应出2-3道题,那么题目中对应的部分基本都是段落的核心所在。从这两点就可以很快了解文章的主要内容。所以在进行TPO练习时,做题虽不可或缺,但还要注意多加练习快速阅读文章的能力。

2、主题——增加背景知识

有部分学生反映做阅读时很难投入进去,有一点原因就是对于文章所述内容太过陌生,如果你对其略知一二,相信定会有所不同。比如TPO中有篇文章讲到化学元素周期表,对于高中生来说再熟悉不过了,阅读的时候半读半猜,估计也可以理解的八九不离十了。

若考试准备时间充足,可以多加涉猎,扩充自己的知识背景;若时间紧张,则需搞定TPO套题。根据文章记忆单词,并不是文章中出现的每一个“陌生的面孔”都要去熟悉,比如一些繁琐的专有名词跳过即可。主要记忆的当然是一些动词、名词及形容词,尤其是出现在句子主干中,与解题有关的词汇。

除了词汇,应学会分析题干及题目,比如题干中出现了effect,conclusion之类的词,其实已经界定了我们寻找的范围——段落靠后的部分,还有就是观点性和总结性的句子永远会是考察的重点所在。做题的时候学会分析原文和选项,进行对比,比如句子简化题,做一题需要看五个长句,似乎很花费时间,但并不需要每个句子都要细看,而是先明确原句的逻辑及主干,抓住选项中的关键点与原句进行比较。

例如:As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean.A. The strait of Gibraltar reopened when the Mediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades of water from one sea to the other caused crustal adjustments and faulting.B. The Mediterranean was dramatically refilled by water from the Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faulting opened the Strait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined.C. The cascades of water from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments and faulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to those seas.D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faultin;g and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic and Mediterranean were connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascades of water between them。

原句是因果逻辑的句子,先找出其因: crustal adjustments and faulting,果:the Strait opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean。接着来看选项:A…. caused crustal adjustments and faulting 显然是因果倒置了,毫不犹豫地灭掉;C. 因为此选项中出现比较not as spectacular as, 非常惹眼的一个核心词,而原文中是修饰动词的副词spectacularly,并未进行比较,二话不说也排除掉;D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar,… 这原因里怎么多出来一项啊,掳袖子撵人吧!

管中窥豹,可见一斑。由此例可见找关键,作分析可帮助我们快速并且准确的找出选项。值得注意的一点是:无论解题方法多么巧妙,离开了大量的练习就是“无本之源”。

篇2:托福阅读备考常见问题解答

托福阅读备考常见问题解答分享

1、托福阅读解题技巧怎么用?

参加托福考试的考试一般集中在高中生、大学生,词汇量在四五千左右,他们在接触托福阅读的时候会遇到很多生词,尤其是分门别类的学科词汇,分为地理、天文、生物学、动物学四大块,很多同学因此会有很多的误解,不清楚到底应该掌握多少词汇才能做好托福阅读。其实考生只要确定好中心词汇和构架词汇的区别,对学科词汇只需要认知,对构架词汇需要熟知。托福阅读中的长难句,考生需要通过句式结构分析,把它按照逻辑分解之后,再通过关键词找到重点部分,最后找到简洁的出题主干,就很容易理解和解答题目了。

2、托福阅读备考应该怎样读文章?

托福阅读考试的读文章顺序一般都是先看题目再读文章,也就是边读文章边做题。看题目的话,托福阅读的特色在于不太需要考生自己去定位,因为每个题目都是按照文章的顺序顺延下来的,只是在最后一个小结题目的时候需要翻开前面的文章,重点读每一段的首末句找到线索。

3、考生做托福阅读题是容易犯什么错误?

大多数考生在托福阅读中的主要问题都在于对句子的理解,尤其是长难句。很多同学无法理解整个句子,而是会按照个别的单词来理解句意,这样很容易造成句子理解的中断。小编建议大家把句子分解,看句子构架,这样去找主干的话就会容易的多了。由于托福阅读中,一长段的内容实际上有效信息并不多,所以大家需要从中找出有效信息,而这就需要考生对句型有了解,只看独立的词是无法理解阅读题意的,这也是考生中普遍存在的问题。

4、英语大学六级过了能在阅读中拿到高分吗?

一般来说,托福考生即使考过大学六级,不一定能在托福上获得高分,这是因为六级和托福的考试还是有非常大的区别的。大学六级的词汇量是考托福的一个基础。因为六级背诵的大多数是构架词汇,这些是需要熟练的。如果考生有六级词汇的基础,在托福备考的后续学习中基础提高也会比较快,但也仅此而已,大学六级的水平想在托福阅读中拿到高分还是远远不够的。

托福阅读素材:美国人爱上了英国腔

Downton Abbey's Lady Mary is now the most in-demand British voice in America, new research has revealed.

有新研究指出,《唐顿庄园》里大小姐玛丽的声音已经成为在美国最受欢迎的英国声音。

Actress Michelle Dockery's cut glass English tones beat the likes of quintessential English actor Hugh Grant and current James Bond Daniel Craig, to become the most requested UK accent for the US voiceover industry.

女演员米歇尔?道克瑞那精致的英音击败标杆人物英国演员休?格兰特和新晋邦德演员丹尼尔?克雷格,成为美国配音行业最受欢迎的英国口音。

Voiceovers are big business in America covering everything from TV ads to recorded birthday greetings and at the moment famous British - and Irish - voices are particularly popular.

配音在美国是一个非常庞大的行业,包括电视广告到生日祝福录音等领域。现在英国和爱尔兰名人的口音尤其受欢迎。

From Nigella Lawson's sultry tones to Liam Neeson's Ulster brogue and even Gordon Ramsay's angry rants, demand has more than doubled in the past year.

去年,妮格拉?罗森性感的声音和连姆?尼森的爱尔兰口音,甚至是戈登?拉姆齐的愤怒咆哮,这些声音的需求量都成倍增长。

Copycat versions of these, and others from Hugh Grant to Keith Lemon, are used for all kinds of things including online guides, training videos and even automated voicemails.

这些声音的模仿版本,以及模仿休?格兰特,基思?柠檬的声音被用于多个方面,包括在线指引,训练视频和自动语音邮箱。

And Lady Mary's cut-glass upper-class accent is the most popular of the lot, according to PPH's analysis of 5,000 job adverts requesting British-sounding voices in the USA.

根据全球自由职业者市场网站PeoplePerHour(PPH)在美国对5000份英音招聘启事的分析报告显示,玛丽精致高贵的口音在众多声音中最受欢迎。

It does not even mean using the real voice of Ms Dockery who plays the aristocrat in the successful series, said PPH boss Xenios Thrasyvoulou.

这并不意味着要使用大小姐玛丽扮演者道克瑞女士的真实声音,PPH的老板Xenios Thrasyvoulou如是说。

Instead, a good impression will do as it will for others on the top 20 list including Daniel Craig and Helen Mirren - familiar to Americans for playing James Bond and The Queen.

相反,一个好的印象非常重要,比如其他位列前20名的人,包括丹尼尔?克雷格和海伦?米伦,这两位因扮演詹姆斯?邦德和女王而被美国观众所熟知。

All the Americans want is an English-speaking voice that sounds like the star or, sometimes, more generically they will ask for a 'BBC News' or a 'Downton Abbey' accent, according to research by global freelance marketplace PeoplePerHour (PPH).

PPH研究发现,美国人想要的是一个听起来像玛丽说英语的声音,或者,有时是想要一种“BBC新闻”或者“唐顿庄园”那样的口音。

Colin Farrell, the Irish actor who is a Hollywood A-lister is high in the list alongside Scot James McAvoy, who has also had success in American movies.

好莱坞一线演员、来自爱尔兰的科林?法瑞尔与在电影方面有极大成就的苏格兰演员詹姆斯?麦卡沃伊都在英国腔热门榜上名列前茅。

Surprisingly, Cheryl Fernandez-Versini's Geordie accent is often requested, even though her failure as a US X-Factor judge was attributed to US audiences unable to understand her.

出乎预料的是,谢丽尔?费尔南德兹-维西尼的口音需求也很旺盛,虽然她在美国X音素(X-Factor)中担任评审的失败被归咎于美国观众听不懂她说话。

Americans request British and Irish voiceovers more often than that of any other nation, said Xenios Thrasyvoulou and it is fast becoming a major UK export across the Atlantic.

美国人对英音和爱尔兰口音的配音需求比对其他国家的都要大,Xenios Thrasyvoulou说。这也迅速成为英国跨越大西洋的主要出口业务。

Often they will request a 'Downton accent' or a 'Hugh Grant' or even a 'BBC News accent' when advertising for the service, said PeoplePerHour's research.

PeoplePerHour研究报告显示,在需求广告中,他们通常会提出想要一种“唐顿庄园”、“休?格兰特”或者一种“BBC新闻”的口音。

It may be for promotional or training videos made by private companies or even for novelty purposes like a 'celebrity' voicemail on a mobile or landline telephone.

这些声音可以被私人公司用于推广或者训练视频,甚至可以由一些新奇的用途,比如给手机或固定电话的语音信箱加一段“名人”语音。

Around 10.4 million Americans regularly tuned in to watch the last series of Downton Abbey shown over there and similar numbers enjoy Sherlock and Doctor Who.

大概有1040万美国人会定期追看《唐顿庄园》,以及《神探夏洛克》和《神秘博士》。

But it is not just America. PPH found requests for British voices from countries as far afield as Australia and India to Mexico, Egypt and even Germany.

这个现象不仅仅发生在美国。PPH发现对英音的需求还来自澳大利亚,印度,墨西哥,埃及甚至德国等国家。

Xenios Thrasyvoulou said: 'The original British export was manufacturing then it was financial services now it seems to be the British accent.

Xenios Thrasyvoulou说:“英国起初的出口是制造业,随后是金融业,现在是英式口音。”

'With more companies than ever across the world utilising videos for promotional purposes, voiceover artists from the UK are cashing in on the popularity of their accents.

“随着世界各国各个公司更多地使用视频资料来做宣传推广,英国配音演员也因他们的口音而获益颇丰。”

'It's not just companies either, it seems that people from America, Australia and the UAE are also hiring voiceovers for novelty projects like birthday messages.

“而且不仅仅是公司方面的需求,美国,澳大利亚和阿拉伯联合国酋长国的人们都在用新奇的方式使用英国腔,例如录制生日祝福语等。

'The is potentially driven by a new wave of British programmes that are becoming hugely popular in the US and other countries across the world.'

“英国的电视节目在美国和其他各国都越来越受欢迎,而这种对英音的需求正是其内在驱动的结果。”

TOP TWENTY MOST IN DEMAND BRITISH ACCENTS IN AMERICA

美国最受欢迎的英音前20位

1. Lady Mary (Downton Abbey)

2. Hugh Grant

3. Daniel Craig

4. Colin Farrell

5. James McAvoy

6. Helen Mirren

7. Cheryl Fernandez-Versini

8. Hugh Laurie

9. Idris Elba

10. Sean Connery

1.大小姐玛丽(唐顿庄园)

2.休?格兰特

3.丹尼尔?克雷格

4.科林?法瑞尔

5.詹姆斯?麦卡沃伊

6.海伦?米伦

7.谢丽尔?费尔南德兹-维西尼

8.休?劳瑞

9.伊德瑞斯?艾尔巴

10.肖恩?康纳利

11. Liam Neeson

12. Simon Cowell

13. Keira Knightley

14. Gordon Ramsay

15. Benedict Cumberbatch

16. Matt Smith

17. David Beckham

18. Nigella Lawson

19. Jason Statham

20. Keith Lemon.

11.连姆?尼森

12.西蒙?考威尔

13.凯拉?奈特莉

14.戈登?拉姆齐

15.本尼迪克特?康伯巴奇

16.马特?史密斯

17.大卫?贝克汉姆

18.妮格拉?罗森

19.杰森?斯坦森

20.基思?柠檬

Vocabulary

cut glass 精致的

quintessential 典型的

sultry 迷人的

brogue 土音

托福阅读背景知识:美国文学类

黑人文学

战后黑人文学更趋成熟。拉尔夫·埃利逊 (1914- )的小说《看不见的人》和鲍德温的散文,均已达到第一流

文学的水平。他们对种族不平等的抗议采取了更细腻、更深刻的表达方式。他们希望人们认识到黑人是具有全部人性的人。这个时期里,女诗人关德琳·布鲁克斯(1917-)的诗得到普遍好评;女剧作家洛伦·亨斯伯利(1930-1965)的剧本《太阳下的葡萄干》(1959)首创了黑人戏剧在百老汇上演的记录。勒鲁伊·琼斯(1934- )是新一代的黑人诗人,他给自己另外起了一个穆斯林名字,表示他对美国文化的鄙弃。

南方作家

南方文学这个时期仍有发展,老作家福克纳、波特(1890-1980)、威尔蒂(1909- )仍有重要作品问世。新作

家也不断涌现,著名的有斯泰伦(1925-)、奥康诺(1925-1964)、麦柯勒斯(1917-1967)等。他们不再从历史的传奇里寻找题材,而是关心现实生活中南方人精神上的苦闷。坦·威廉斯(1914-)是战后享有盛名的南方剧作家,他的《玻璃动物园》等作品通过人物的性变态心理表现生活的不幸与空虚。

纽约作家

纽约的作家不象南方作家那样具有某种共同的心理因素。人们把他们归在一起,是因为他们都为纽约的几家杂志(《党派评论》、《纽约书评》与《纽约人》)写作,这几家杂志上发表的评论与小说往往对美国文学的时尚产生影响。利·特里林(1905-1975)与玛·麦卡锡(1912- )是很有见地的评论家,约翰·契弗 (1912- )与厄普代克(1932-)的小说用含有诗意又带有嘲讽的细腻的笔触探索大城市郊区居民的心理和意识,为东北部的中产阶级描绘了一幅幅工笔精致的风俗画。

个性化的诗歌

这个时期,美国陆续出现了不少诗歌派别,如“垮掉派”、“黑山派”、“纽约派”、“具体派”、“自白派”和“新超现实主义派”。这些派别各有主张,但其共同点是企图摆脱艾略特的“非个性化”的影响。新一代的诗人直抒胸臆,突出个人因素,具有一种“现时性”。他们强调美国特色,不再视伦敦为英语诗歌中心;他们干预政治,不再以超然物外而自傲;他们反对权力机构,蔑视传统规约,他们的诗歌描写吸毒、(包括同)、精神分裂与对自杀的眷恋。这一切,可以看作对西方机械化、标准化、非人性化的社会的一种反叛。理论与批评战后,“新批评派”的势力逐渐衰落。到了60年代,随着各种激进运动的此起彼落,加上欧洲传来“新左派”的思潮,学术界重新研究马克思主义,又出现把马克思主义与弗洛伊德心理学融合的理论主张。同时,结构主义的理论也开始在学术界流行。这个时期里,文学家传记这种样式比较繁荣,出现了许多详尽的评传,较有代表性的是5卷本的《亨利·詹姆斯传》(1953-1972),作者是里·艾迪尔(1907- )。

托福阅读背景材料:美国城市-费城

托福阅读背景知识是考生托福阅读备考过程中必不可少的参考资料,托福阅读内容量大,取材丰富,话题面广,需要考生积累必要的背景知识。

费城是美国第四大都市,随同岁月的飞逝,与工业化的进展,费城所拥有的历史性遗产,已逐渐褪色。但是在十八世纪中叶,费城却是起草与通过独立宣言的地方。而且,美利坚合众国宪法草案也在费城起草与答署。贝茜·罗斯在这里升起了合众国国旗。华盛顿以总统身分,在这里也流过了许多岁月。这里乃是美利坚合众国的诞生地。

独立纪念馆IndependenceHall

建立于1732年,原为州政府,后于1776年7月,在该处发表独立宣言。其后,又在该处起草合众国宪法,从而诞生了美利坚合众国。

议事厅CongressHall

与独立纪念馆连接的建筑物。1790年到18为止,该处为联邦议事厅。华盛顿曾在该处被推选第二次担任总统。厅内留存历史性遗物极众。

罗斯故居BetsyRossHouse

这是设计美国国旗星条旗的罗斯夫人的老家。据说,它是1774年由华盛顿总统建议而兴建的。附近的Elfreth'sAlley和BladenCoat小路仍留存了十八世纪美国开国初期的形迹,散步其间,易兴思古幽情。

罗丹博物馆rodinMuseum

是除了法国之外,收藏名画家罗丹作品最多的一家博物馆。

宾州美术馆PennsylvaniaAcademyOfTheFineArts

创设于18的美国最古老的美术馆。美国美术界的杰作,几乎都收藏在该馆。

佛兰克林科技馆FranklinInstitute

为了纪念本杰明·佛兰克林的贡献而兴建的科学博物馆,展出运输、航空、物理、天文、化学资料。

篇3:托福听力备考常见问题解答

托福听力备考常见问题解答 为什么要做跟读训练?

托福听力跟读训练意义分析

听力部分考查的实际上是对英语语言的一种理解能力。对于母语非英语国家的人来说,在理解英文表达含义的时候,是需要对所听到的英文在大脑中进行一个转换解码的过程(转换解码就是指将源语言英文转换成我们的母语——中文)。那么,在这个转换的过程中涉及到一个输入和一个输出的过程,输入就是英文通过耳朵输入到大脑当中;输出就是大脑中输出跟英文意思表达一致的中文。

在英文输入的过程中,大脑中输入的都是英文单词的发音,都是英美国家人们所使用的英文的正确发音,如果这些单词的发音可以和你大脑中所记忆的单词发音匹配,那么很快就会输出一个你大脑中所储备的单词意思,利用你的语法知识进行语句理解,那么这一句话很容易就被你理解了。

但是,如果由于某些原因,输入大脑的这些正确的单词发音是你没有准确识记的单词发音,那么就很难就行成功匹配,要么就是需要花费较长的搜索时间进行匹配,不论是那种情况,都会导致在听听力的过程中出现很多难以理解甚至听不懂的地方,也就是理解障碍的地方,这些都将导致在进行题目作答的时候无法顺利进行。

这些听不懂的地方就是你听力能力中欠缺的地方,需要进行练习弥补的地方。弥补的方式就是进行跟读的训练练习,把你大脑中存储的错误的单词发音纠正过来,按照英美国家人的正确发音进行纠正,做到和他们的发音一致,那么下次再听到这些单词的时候,相信对于你来说就不难理解了,当然我所说的情况是,只有单词发音存在问题,而单词词意是记忆准确,没有记忆偏差的情况。归根结底,跟读文章实际上就是进行单词的发音纠正,以及英文中出现的若干语音现象的纠正和模仿,比如,连读和失爆等等。

所以,小编希望平时在背记单词时候不注重单词发音的同学们一定要注意了,如果你曾经忽略了单词发音的重要性,那么,从今天开始,希望你能够重视起来。而如果你不想因为曾经已经被你忽略的单词发音影响你的听力水平,那么请你务必进行跟读练习。

托福听力:听力冲刺30分的经验

1 继续背单词。

单词是永远都不会嫌多的,很多时候,我们对于阅读或者听力束手无策,就是因为只要是单词你不认识,那么无论你的能力有多强,都无法解题。听力每个分数段都会成为你难以攻克的堡垒,之所以这样就是因为单词量限制了你提升的空间,因此有些时候,要想突破,只能从单词量上下手。

2 继续练习听写或者听读。

听写、听读其实是与单词息息相关的,都是练习内功的方法。个人的听力能力,其实直接决定了你有多少内容能听懂,多少内容听不懂。这都是由你的基本功所决定的。这一点是无可置疑的。因此要想在行一层楼,所谓的技巧,笔记都不过是空中楼阁,只有听懂才是最关键的。

3 增加泛听比例/多看美剧。

这一点是与前面的要求都不一样的。当你能达到25分这个层次的时候,虽然无老师仍然要求你要背单词、做听写,这都是更上一层楼的建议。这个时候,限制你更上一层楼的,还有关键性的一点,就是你的瞬时理解能力,换句话说,你是否可以在听到一句话的时候,立即将这句英语正确的中文意思,正确的输入你的脑中,这就是所谓的瞬时理解力。很多人是因为平时对于英语涉猎的少,既不看美剧,也很少背一些英文的句子或者段落,这就限制了你对于英语的理解能力。当你理解一句话需要很长时间的时候,下一句话自然你也就记不住了,这就形成了一个恶性循环,使得你总是听不懂下面说的是什么,因此分数自然就下来了。

托福听力:听力重点题型的解读

1. 目的题

解题关键:听好寒暄之后的第一句话,直接表明目的;

总结常引导出目的的句型:I was wondering if you could…/ I would like to do…./ Do you happen to have sth?…

2. 主题题

复习要点:直接说,主题句,选项信号词,干扰选项分析。

主要难点:如果开头没有主题句,则需要总结全篇内容,注意:全篇重复的词汇、概念;结尾段的总结性内容。

引出方式:主题句直接引出(最常见);问答式提出(较常见);全篇大意推导(较少,要抓重复概念)

听好开头,抓典型主题句:Today, we are going to talk about…/ I’d like to begin my lecture by introducing./ Let’s focus on…/ Let’s now take a look at..

Topic选项典型结构:the + 信号词+of + sth.

复习方法:

总结听力原文中句型;分析比较选项:找正确选项里的敏感词汇;分析错误选项属于哪一类(too general/too specific/inaccurate/irrelevant)

3. 重听回答类型题:

复习要点:提问说话原因,说话人态度;对语气词的分功能总结,满意度/难易度判断,升降调的把握。

主要难点:可能会涉及少量习语,注意把握态度/倾向性的短语归类总结。

a) 说话目的:注意总结老师/学生常用套话;Delta教程P235 第5项(易出现在选项中的结构)

b) 说话人的态度:总结表达肯定/否定/不确定等的语气词/短语;总结选项中常出现的表情绪的用词

教授常用套话的7大功能:

解释说明Simply put, Let’s put in this way..

总结归纳 Now to sum/wrap up my speech

劝戒指令 You should have done sth better

启发思考 come on, you are supposed to know this

强调要点 Please bear in mind that

提醒注意 Are you with me?

纠正口误 Wait a minute, I made a slip of tongue/ Sorry did I say… ?

选项中表情绪/态度的用词:doubtful/skeptical/incredulous; disturbed/annoyed; indifferent; enthusiastic/fascinated/interested; uncertain; angry/upset/disappointed ?

4. 表格题

难度排序由难到易:是非型>排序型>配对型;频率排列由多到少:配对型>是非型>排序型

主要难点:是非型表格题中没有记全主要信息,注意多分析做过的题中选No的选项。

1). 配对型表格题:重要信息对号入座,侧重于考察多个时间、地点、人物、事件的对应/段落中主要论点下的各分支及各分支定义/主要特点

2). 是非型表格题:侧重于考察哪些信息提到/没提到(注意记录文中列举的主要观点/举例)

是非型表格题选No的选项要着重分析其特征

1. 使用相反信息(最常见)

2. 偷换概念(较常见)

3. 使用段中细节,但该细节并不能对应提到的事件(较常见)

4. 使用未提到的信息(相对少)

3). 排序型表格题:侧重于考察对过程/步骤地把握(注意提示词:first, then last, finally)

5. 细节题/双项选择题

复习要点:最重要的特征,多个原因/结果,举例引导词(如:such as, including, like, namely, to name a few)

主要难点:1. 两个原因,段落前后各一个,遥相呼应,注意: the first, the other

2. 连续列举多个细节时,抓住被修饰的词

6. 态度题

复习要点:语气把握,Yes/No判断,需要引申

主要难点:同样可能出现少量习语/语气词,凭直觉判断(单个形容词来表示某种行为的评价,注意对单个词的总结,可出重听回答题。)

7. 结论题

复习要点:观点引导词,尾段引申,注意进度条

主要难点:如果尾段没有再次总结前面的内容,回忆重复比较多的词

8. 图片题(很少)

注意段落中间的描述性文字,如:大小,方向,方位

托福听力备考常见问题解答

篇4:托福口语备考2个常见问题解答

托福口语备考2个常见问题解答 模板用法和时间把控经验分享

托福口能用模板来练习吗?

1. 用不用模板,看你对分数的要求。模版的分数大概在18-20左右。如果你的分数要求是在23+,需要在模板之外加入更多不一样的内容。

2. 自己的模板。可以参考各种高分考生总结的模板,但是一定要自己改一下。同时模板不要占用到总内容的30%以上。

3. 练习。这个练习不是我们喊口号,一定要把你自己的模板读书背会,并且用一个一个真题来套模板,每次回答都对模板做一些小的变动,看看好不好用。一边用一边磨合修改。

托福口语答题时间紧张怎么练?

1. iBT对时间卡得有点死。一方面1.2题的准备时间只有15秒,是没有办法现场造句子的,所以反映到内容的准备上,就必须自己会用一些基本的表达,比如表达你的偏好,原因,引出原因细节和例子等句子。一定要张口就来。再有就是内容上面,可以利用机经和TPO的题目进行练习和准备。能够涉猎的范围越广,考场上大脑一片空白的题目就越少,还有很多题目是换汤不换药的。

2. 回答的时间有限,把倒计时当朋友。倒计时越看越紧张的话,是因为你对时间没有概念。到底45秒钟,1分钟,你能说多少?托福口语怎么练?就是要对内容进行时间安排,比如我答第一道题,直接回答问题,用8秒左右,第9秒到30秒左右要说完第一个分观点,如果我的计时条现在只剩15秒了,我应该迅速结束第一个观点进入第二个观点。

3. 一定开口练习,可以写稿子,但是稿子的最后一步是张口说熟练的。有些发音组合长时间不用的话,肌肉会僵硬掉的说。所以一定逼迫自己开口。

4. 关于口音,如果你的追求是24以下,只要说了A不让别人误听成其他的什么的,口音就不是短期目标。OG上对口音的要求是doesn't cause listeners' effort.所以如果是短期,需要的只是调整,不是从音标开始。

托福口语:14个核心话题汇总

1. 性格(A-Z,准备“万能品格”)

I like honest people because they are easier to deal with. They open their heart to you, you feel safe to confide your problems to them, and they always offer their true opinion for your good。

The person who I admire should be good tempered. They hardly get annoyed and they smile to everybody. I is easy for them to forgive others。

2. 美丽山水—地点题

X.X is a full of breathtaking views. There’re verdant trees, blooming flowers and carpets of green grass. Take a casual walk, start some sweet chat and fresh air will get us refreshed. roam on the sidewalk, watch the water ripples in the lake, frolic near the artificial hill, sit on bench and enjoy the cool in summer

I can relax myself, and breath the flesh air or clear my mind。

3. 放松(忘记烦恼/ 减轻压力)

X.X.X serves as a great stress reducer for me. No matter how stressed I am, I will feel much, much better if I stay in the park, breathing that fresh air and enjoying that beautiful scenery。

Besides, …is my way of releasing my pressure. I mean, nowadays people are under a lot of pressure from work and life. So they have to do something to relax their mind. Take me for example, I will feel very relaxed and comfortable while reading it。

When I under much pressure, I read the travelling guide. I regard it as relaxation, for it’s amusing and attractive pictures。

4. 方便

It is pretty near to my home. You probably won’t believe it, but it only takes me 5 minutes to go there from my home. walking distance. bring me convenience。

It is quite near my home, and it takes me only five minutes’ walk to get to the park。

5. 经济—物品题/地点题/事件题

It is free, you know, it is not so easy to find anything free。

I can not believe that it is so cheap that you can buy it with little money。

6. 民俗文化(吃穿住行)--地点题/事件题

I could easily access to the traditions and custom in various places. Like eating habit, lifestyle, world value and traveling, and something like that。

I could learn the local tradition and culture and yummy food。

7. 学习外语(学习文化)—物品题/地点题/事件题

My English makes a remarkable progress thanks to …, because it has many native words and expressions which cannot be learnt from the textbook. I mean, not only can I use them to improve my English but also this book really deepens my understanding of the English culture. log on foreign websites: like wikipeida.org, Newyork times; listen to English videos, music, and movies to listen and imitate local people speaking English;

It give me a stage where I can communicate with Americans, and in this way, my English will be improved rapidly .What is more, it can also help me learn their different culture。

8. 健康—物品题

Yes, I think we can keep fit and healthy through doing exercises. In addition, we can get relaxed and refreshed from work and study。

Yes, definitely. In the first place, doing sports, especially some aerobics, helps you turn off the fatigue in your body. Besides, doing sports is the best stress-reliever, because playing sports takes your mind off things that bother you, and afterwards you can concentrate better。

9. 交朋友

…enable me to make friends. By exchanging our opinions, our friendship will get deeper. With communication, I could learn how to discuss, how to persuade, how to negotiate, and how to compromise。

It could be a great chance for us to make friends. You know ,I mean that you can meet many kind of people and learn many thing from them and even find bosom friends among them。

10. 成就:

sense of achievement. boost my confidence. proud of myself. since then, I have the solid belief in myself that all difficulties, troubles and challenges would be just a piece of cake to me。

It could be a great achievement for me. After that , I will not be afraid of difficult and challenges would be just a piece of cake to me。

11. 安全:

assure the safety, protective gear, keeping safe is the number one thing that I care about。

I have to say that in this way, it can assure the safety。

12. 效率:

efficiently, save time, it’s the quickest X.X.X in the word I have ever seen。

13. 经验:

It helped me gain precious experience. By working there/as a X.X.X, I learned sth valuable in X.X, such as X.X.X。

14. 情感:

whenever I feel delighted, upset, frustrated, I would…

托福口语的逻辑框架简析

如何才能在新TOEFL口语考试中取得高分?这一定是所有准备参加新TOEFL口语考试的考生们都想知道的问题。在对大量的新TOEFL口语考试分析后发现:新TOEFL口语考试,重在时刻保持语言的逻辑性,除了要丰富内容外,还应合理安排出内容发展,才能在TOEFL口语考试中脱颖而出。

西方人说话之所以能够脱口而出、条理清晰,是因为他们在表达时都会事先在头脑中形成大致的一个逻辑框架,即对开头、中间和结尾进行规划。如果考生们能以这样的思维方式和逻辑与考官的思想达成共识,离高分也就近了一步。

那么如何才能在短短的回答中让自己的口语回答显得条理清晰、具有逻辑性且内容完整呢?

大家都知道,在口语考试的6个Task中,前2个是Independent Task,后4个为Integrated Task.前面2个可以直接根据指令来回答问题,而后面的4个要以综合听力和阅读的内容作答。

在Task 5的时候,加入的是听力的内容,也就是先听对话,再根据对话内容回答问题,准备时间为20秒,答题时间为60秒。

Task 5作为4个Integrated Task中唯一一个询问考生观点的题目,自然要求考生观点阐述相对于内容要更为简单些。因此,攻破这关的要点应按照“复述问题-复述方案-选择方案-阐明理由”的步骤来进行,而这个步骤也就是我们开头所提到的逻辑框架。

刚刚新TOEFL口语考试专家讲解的逻辑框架可能很大一部分考生一时也无法吸收,为了让考生们能迅速吸收口语考试秘籍之逻辑框架,朗阁老师特别将其大致概括为以下四步:

1.General Description of Main Problem

2.Two Possible Solutions

3.Personal Opinion / Choice

4.Supporting Reasons

TOEFL口语中的词汇也是非常重要的,大多数考生为保证有的说,不出错,都尽量选用比较保守的语句和词汇,因此想要在TOEFL口语中脱颖而出就一定要有精彩语句,当然大前提是没有语法错误以及无话可说的情况发生,以上的分析希望能帮助到大家!

托福口语备考素材 温暖的10个句子

①I forgive you我原谅你;

②I was wrong我错了;

③It’s okay没事;

④I understand我懂;

⑤You’re safe你很安全;

⑥ I support you我支持你;

⑦You can do it你能行;

⑧You’re the one你就是那一个;

⑨ I’m here for you我在这里;

⑩You matter你很重要。

托福口语备考2个常见问题解答

篇5:托福阅读新手备考有哪些难点

托福阅读新手备考有哪些难点?常见错误问题集中答疑

1、托福阅读如何使用技巧?

参加托福考试 的考试一般集中在高中生、大学生,词汇量在四五千左右,他们在接触托福阅读的时候会遇到很多生词,尤其是分门别类的学科词汇,分为地理、天文、生物学、动物学四大块,学员就会有很多的误解,到底应该掌握多少词汇才能做好托福阅读。其实只要确定好中心词汇和构架词汇的区别,对学科词汇只需要认知,对构架词汇需要熟知。在技巧中只需要通过分解句型,由于托福阅读特别长,每个都是长连句分析,把它按照逻辑分解之后,按照关键词,找到重点部分,最后找到简洁的出题主干,就很容易理解了。

2、读托福阅读文章应该使用哪种顺序方法?

读文章一般都是先看题目再读文章。看题目的话,托福和雅思 的区别就在于要我们自己去定位,因为每个题目都是按照文章的顺序顺延下来的,只是在最后一个小结题目的时候需要翻开前面的文章,重点读每一段的首末句找到它。

3、托福阅读做题时有哪些常见误区?

大多数同学的问题都在于对句子的理解,尤其是复合句,考生无法理解整个句子,而是会按照个别的单次来分散,造成句子理解的中断。因此考生备考阅读时需要学会把句子分解,去看句子的构架,这样去找主干的话就会容易的多了。由于托福阅读中,一长段的内容实际上有效信息并不多,要从中找出有效信息就需要对句型有了解,只看独立的词就无法理解意思。

4、托福阅读词汇量过大学六级就能拿高分吗?

考生考过六级之后不一定能在托福上获得高分,六级和托福的考试还是有非常大的区别。六级的词汇量是考托福起码的一个基础。因为六级背诵的大多数是构架词汇,这些是需要熟练的。如果有六级词汇的基础,后续学习中基础提高也会比较快。

托福阅读长难句:植物抗旱适应性

They possess drought-resisting adaptations: loss of water through the leaves is reduced by means of dense hairs covering waxy leaf surfaces, by the closure of pores during the hottest times to reduce water loss, and by the rolling up or shedding of leaves at the beginning of the dry season. (TPO26, 50)

waxy /'w?ks?/ adj. 蜡色的,蜡状的

pore /p??/ n. 气孔,毛孔

shed /?ed/ vt. 使(某物)脱落﹑ 剥落;使(某物)流出

大家自己先读,不回读,看一遍是否能理解

They possess drought-resisting adaptations: loss of water (through the leaves) is reduced (by means of dense hairs)(covering waxy leaf surfaces), (by the closure of pores)(duringthe hottest times) (to reduce water loss), and (by the rolling up or shedding of leaves) (at the beginning of the dry season). (TPO26, 50)

托福阅读长难句100句分析:

这个句子的主干部分就是:

They possess drought-resisting adaptations: loss of wateris reduced

注意后面并列了3个介词结构:by means of…, by the closure of .., and bythe rolling up…

修饰一:(through the leaves),介词,修饰loss of water

中文:经过叶子

修饰二:(by means of dense hairs),介词

中文:通过的浓密的绒毛

修饰三:(covering waxy leaf surfaces),非谓语动词,修饰haris

中文:覆盖在蜡质叶子表面

修饰四:(by the closure of pores),介词短语

中文:关闭气孔

托福阅读长难句分析:美洲冶金技术

22. Unlike in the Americas, where metallurgy was a very late and limited development, Africans had iron from a relatively early date, developing ingenious furnaces to produce the high heat needed for production and to control the amount of air that reached the carbon and iron ore necessary for making iron. (TPO 7 Agriculture, Iron, and the Bantu Peoples)

1托福阅读长难句句子分析

本句的主句是Africans had iron from a relatively early date,句首出现unlike...提示了比较关系,这里是美洲与非洲作比较,在Americas之后有where引导的定语从句作修饰。而主句之后的developing ingenious furnaces则是现在分词作状语。本句还有两个不定式结构,分别是to produce the high heat和to control the amount of air,它们是前面furnaces的补语。句末that引导的定语从句,修饰前面的the amount of air。

2托福阅读长难句词汇总结

metallurgy指的是“冶金术”。

ingenious表示“巧妙的“,比如:an ingenious way of making money 赚钱的妙法,an ingenious gadget 巧妙的小玩意,本句ingenious furnaces指的是“精巧的熔炉”。大家还要记下它的名词ingenuity,表示“心灵手巧;足智多谋”。

3托福阅读长难句句子翻译

美洲的冶金技术发展得非常晚,而且有限。而非洲人则完全不同,他们从相对较早的时期开始就有了铁,并制造出了精巧的熔炉来产生冶金所需要的高温,熔炉还能控制与碳和铁矿石接触的空气用量以满足冶金的需要。

托福阅读题型技巧辅导:推理题

有一种另类叫做取反。

取反顾名思义就是取其相反含义,这是一种米国人民常见的思考问题方式,比如原文中有出现“和喜羊羊不一样,灰太狼是吃肉的”描述,出题就可以问我们从原文中能推理出喜羊羊的什么特点啊,我天朝人民自然就觉得这喜羊羊肯定是吃草的啊,这电视里天天演的都是这样啊,但其实对于这道推理题来讲,这个结论是有问题的。原文中只提示出喜羊羊和灰太狼是不一样的,而且我们还掌握了灰太狼吃肉的特点,喜羊羊和灰太狼对立那就应该是不吃肉,不吃肉但不一定就吃草啊,他吃点煎饼果子也行啊,这就是取反的过程。在托福阅读当中有几种常见取反的情况:第一种,对立时间的特征相反,比如在William Smith这篇文章中有描述This was before the steamlocomotive, and canal building was at its height.出题问有关于canal building可以推理出什么,原文中提及在steam locomotive发明之前,canal building的发展达到了一定的高度,米国人民认为既然有必要去强调在那之前就说明在canal building发明之后发生了变化,可能从发展达到一定高度变得衰落,所以答案是canal buildings decreased after the steam locomotive was invented。第二种情况,对立地点的特征相反,比如The Geologic History Of The Mediterranean这篇文章,出题问Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3 about thesolid gypsum layer?原文中有描述Sediment above and below the gypsumlayer contained tiny marine fossils, indicating open-ocean conditions,说石膏层上面和下面的沉积层都有海洋化石,体现了开放的海洋环境,但出题却问中间的石膏层具有什么特征,那米国人民就想了你原文说石膏层上面和下面的沉积层,你就不说这中间的石膏层,那就是暗示这石膏层是奇葩啊和上面下面都不一样啊,上下都有海洋化石,那石膏层就没有呗,所以选择It did not contain any marine fossil。

这就是米国人民追求个性而导致的取反,不会开脑洞的小同学们表示亚历山大啊,那么究竟这米国人民还有什么其他的奇葩思路呢,我们且听下回分解。

托福阅读长难句分析:兽群驯化

Whatever the source of the original tamed herds might have been, it seems entirely likely that much the same process of juxtaposition (living side by side) and control occurred in both southwest Asia and northern Africa, and even inEurope, among peoples who had an intimate knowledge of the behavior of wild cattle. (TPO28, 53)

tame /te?m/ v. 使(某 物)驯服或顺从

intimate /'?nt?m?t/ adj. 亲密的,亲切的;私人的,个人的;精通的,详尽的

(Whatever the source of the original tamed herds might have been), it seems entirely likely (that much the same process of juxtaposition(living side by side) and control occurred) (in both southwest Asia and northernAfrica, and even in Europe), (among peoples) (who had an intimate knowledge of the behavior of wild cattle).(TPO28, 53)

托福阅读长难句分析:

这个句子的主干就是:

it seems entirely likely,it指代后面的从句that

修饰一: (Whatever the source of the original tamed herds might have been) ,从句

中文:无论最初驯化的兽群起源于何处

修饰二:(that much the same process of juxtaposition (living side byside) and control occurred) ,从句

中文:和兽群毗邻而居并且控制它们的过程发生了

修饰三: (in both southwest Asia and northern Africa, and even in Europe) ,介词短语

中文:在南亚、北非甚至在欧洲

修饰四:(among peoples) ,介词短语

中文:在人民中

修饰五:(who had an intimate knowledge ofthe behavior of wild cattle).,从句

中文:对野生牛群行为了如指掌

托福阅读长难句参考翻译:

无论最初驯化的兽群起源于何处,在南亚、北非甚至在欧洲,那些对野生牛群行为了如指掌的人民当中,和兽群毗邻而居并且控制它们这样的过程极有可能发生了。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是介词短语、从句,大家务必想清楚,每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么,才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

篇6:针对托福阅读中常见的问题解答

针对托福阅读中常见的问题解答

1、如何合理利用技巧完成托福阅读?

参加托福考试的考试一般集中在高中生、大学生,词汇量在四五千左右,他们在接触托福阅读的时候会遇到很多生词,尤其是分门别类的学科词汇,分为地理、天文、生物学、动物学四大块,学员就会有很多的误解,到底应该掌握多少词汇才能做好托福阅读。其实只要确定好中心词汇和构架词汇的区别,对学科词汇只需要认知,对构架词汇需要熟知。在技巧中只需要通过分解句型,由于托福阅读特别长,每个都是长连句分析,把它按照逻辑分解之后,按照关键词,找到重点部分,后找到简洁的出题主干,就很容易理解了。

2、在读托福阅读文章时应该采用什么顺序和方法?

读文章一般都是先看题目再读文章。看题目的话,托福和雅思的区别就在于要我们自己去定位,因为每个题目都是按照文章的顺序顺延下来的,只是在后一个小结题目的时候需要翻开前面的文章,重点读每一段的首末句找到它。

3、平时再教学中,学生做托福阅读试题时有什么常见的误区吗?

大多数学生的问题都在于对句子的理解,尤其是复合句,学生无法理解整个句子,而是会按照个别的单次来分散,造成句子理解的中断。我们在教导的时候会把句子分解,让学生去看句子的构架,这样学生去找主干的话就会容易的多了。由于托福阅读中,一长段的内容实际上有效信息并不多,要从中找出有效信息就需要对句型有了解,只看独立的词就无法理解意思。

4、托福阅读是需要六级以上的词汇量才能得到相对较高的分数吗?为什么?

学生考过六级之后不一定能在托福上获得高分,六级和托福的考试还是有非常大的区别。六级的词汇量是考托福起码的一个基础。因为六级背诵的大多数是构架词汇,这些是需要熟练的。如果有六级词汇的基础,后续学习中基础提高也会比较快。

托福阅读真题原题+题目

Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells building owners how much they can charge their tenants in rent. In the United States, rent controls date back to at least World War II.

In 1943 the federal government imposed rent controls to help solve the problem of housing shortages during wartime. The federal program ended after the war, but in some locations, including New York City, controls continued. Under New York's controls, a landlord generally cannot raise rents on apartments as long as the tenants continue to renew their leases. In places such as Santa Monica, California, rent controls are more recent. They were spurred by the inflation of the 1970's, which, combined with California's rapid population growth, pushed housing prices, as well as rents, to record levels. In 1979 Santa Monica's municipal government ordered landlords to roll back their rents to the levels charged in 1978. Future rents could only go up by two-thirds as much as any increase in the overall price level.

In any housing market, rental prices perform three functions: (1) promoting the efficient maintenance of existing housing and stimulating the construction of new housing, (2) allocating existing scarce housing among competing claimants, and (3) rationing use of existing housing by potential renters.

One result of rent control is a decrease in the construction of new rental units. Rent controls have artificially depressed the most important long-term determinant of profitability — rents. Consider some examples. In a recent year in Dallas, Texas, with a 16 percent rental vacancy rate but no rent control laws, 11,000 new housing units were built. In the same year, in San Francisco, California, only 2,000 units were built. The major difference? San Francisco has only a 1.6 percent vacancy rate but stringent rent control laws. In New York City, except for government-subsidized construction, the only rental units being built are luxury units, which are exempt from controls. In Santa Monica, California, new apartments are not being constructed. New office rental space and commercial developments are, however. They are exempt from rent controls.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The construction of apartments in the United States.

(B) Causes and effects of rent control

(C) The fluctuations of rental prices

(D) The shortage of affordable housing in the United States.

2. The word They in line 9 refers to

(A) the tenants

(B) their leases

(C) places

(D) rent controls.

3. Which of the following was NOT a reason for the introduction of rent controls in Santa Monica,California?

(A) rapid population growth

(B) inflation

(C) economic conditions during wartime

(D) record-high housing prices

4. The phrase roll back in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) credit

(B) measure

(C) vary

(D) reduce

5. The word stimulating in line 15 is closest in meaning to

(A) experimenting with

(B) identifying

(C) estimating

(D) encouraging

6. It can be inferred that the purpose of rent control is to

(A) protect tenants

(B) promote construction

(C) increase vacancy rates

(D) decrease sales of rental units

7. The word depressed in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) saddened

(B) created

(C) lowered

(D) defeated

8. The information in the last paragraph supports which of the following statements?

(A) San Francisco has eliminated its rent control laws.

(B) Rent control leads to a reduction in the construction of housing units

(C) Luxury apartments are rarely built when there is rent control

(D) There is a growing need for government-subsidized housing.

9. According to the passage , which of the following cities does NOT currently have rent controls?

(A) Santa Monica

(B) Dallas

(C) San Francisco

(D) New York City

10. The word stringent in line 23 is closest in meaning to

(A) straightforward

(B) strict

(C) expanded

(D) efficient

11. According to the passage , which of the following is NOT exempt from rent control?

(A) Luxury apartments

(B) Commercial development

(C) Moderately priced apartments

(D) Office space.

PASSAGE 31 BDCDD ACBBB C

托福阅读真题原题+题目

Butterflies are among the most extensively studied insects — it is estimated that 90 percent of the world's species have scientific names. As a consequence, they are perhaps the best group of insects for examining patterns of terrestrial biotic diversity and distribution. Butterflies also have a favorable image with the general public. Hence, they are an excellent group for communicating information on science and conservation issues such as diversity.

Perhaps the aspect of butterfly diversity that has received the most attention over the past century is the striking difference in species richness between tropical and temperate regions. For example, in 1875 one biologist pointed out the diversity of butterflies in the Amazon when he mentioned that about 700 species were found within an hour's walk, whereas the total number found on the British islands did not exceed 66, and the whole of Europe supported only 321. This early comparison of tropical and temperate butterfly richness has been well confirmed.

A general theory of diversity would have to predict not only this difference between temperate and tropical zones, but also patterns within each region, and how these patterns vary among different animal and plant groups. However, for butterflies, variation of species richness within temperate or tropical regions, rather man between them, is poorly understood. Indeed, comparisons of numbers of species among the Amazon basin, tropical Asia, and Africa are still mostly personal communication citations, even for vertebrates. In other words, unlike comparison between temperate and tropical areas, these patterns are still in the documentation phase.

In documenting geographical variation in butterfly diversity, some arbitrary, practical decisions are made. Diversity, number of species, and species richness are used synonymously; little is known about the evenness of butterfly distribution. The New World butterflies make up the preponderance of examples because they are the most familiar species. It is hoped that by focusing on them, the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete taxonomy will be minimized.

1. Which aspect of butterflies does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Their physical characteristics

(B) Their names

(C) Their adaptation to different habitats

(D) Their variety

2. The word consequence in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) result

(B) explanation

(C) analysis

(D) requirement

3. Butterflies are a good example for communicating information about conservation issues

because they

(A) are simple in structure

(B) are viewed positively by people

(C) have been given scientific names

(D) are found mainly in temperate climates

4. The word striking in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) physical

(B) confusing

(C) noticeable

(D) successful

5. The word exceed in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) locate

(B) allow

(C) go beyond

(D) come close to

6. All of the following are mentioned as being important parts of a general theory of diversity

EXCEPT

(A) differences between temperate and tropical zones

(B) patterns of distribution of species in each region

(C) migration among temperate and tropical zones

(D) variation of patterns of distribution of species among different animals and plants

7. The author mentions tropical Asia in lines 19 as an example of a location where

(A) butterfly behavior varies with climate

(B) a general theory of butterfly diversity has not yet been firmly established

(C) butterflies are affected by human populations

(D) documenting plant species is more difficult than documenting butterfly species

8. Which of the following is NOT well understood by biologists?

(A) European butterfly habitats

(B) Differences in species richness between temperate and tropical regions

(C) Differences in species richness within a temperate or a tropical region

(D) Comparisons of behavior patterns of butterflies and certain animal groups

9. The word generated in line 26 is closest in meaning to

(A) requested

(B) caused

(C) assisted

(D) estimated

PASSAGE 30 DABCC CBCB

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