下面是小编帮大家整理的英语高考复习讲与练 （3）代词与it，本文共10篇，希望对大家的学习与工作有所帮助。
篇1：英语高考复习讲与练 （3）代词与it
一、考点聚焦
代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词\疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。
1、人称代词
（1）人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下4中情况：
①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。
-Does any of you know where Tom lives?
-Me.
What! Me (to)play him at chess? No!
②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格在意义上一般要保持前后一致。
The thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格，故用he代替)
They took me to be her.他们误以为我是她。（me是宾格，故用her
替代）
③作表语人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。
I met her in the hospital.→It was her who I met in the hospital.
④在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有区别。
I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.
I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too.
(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：
①在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一（人称）。宾格me也一样。
You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.
Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.
②第三人称，男女两性并用，男先女后。
He and she still don’t agree to the plan.
(3)几个人称代词的特殊用法。
①we/you(口语)常用来泛指一般人。
②she可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。
The “Titanic”was the largest, wasn’t she?
2.物主代词
（1）名词和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。
（2）one’s own…=...of one’s own句式的转换。
（3）某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。
如： take sb. by the arm, be wounded in the leg.
3.反身代词
（1）反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。
（2）反身代词和某些动词连有，构成固定短语。
enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood
（3）反身代词还可用于某些成语中。
for oneself为自己或独立地，of oneself自然地，自动地
by oneself独自地，in oneself本身性质，beside oneself喜怒哀愁至极
This problem gets a chapter to itself.这个问题占了一章（独有）。
Just between ourselves, I don’t think much of him.私下地说我并不怎么看重他。
They were discussing about it among themselves.（相互共同）
Left to himself he began to write.别人走后只留下他，他写了起来。
I’m very angry with myself.生自己的气。
4.相互代词（each other, one another）
相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each other’s 、one another’s ,作定语。
一般来说，each other指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。
5.指示代词（this, that , these, those, such, same）
指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。
（1）指示代词this和that的区别。
①this (these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间较远的人或物。
This is my desk and that is yours.
In those days they could not go to school.
②this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。
I want to tell you this:the English party will be held on Saturday
afternoon.
He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.
③为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.
The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.
④this在电话用语中作自我介绍，that询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词so。
（2）such和same的用法。
①such指“这样的”人或事，在句中作主语和定语。
Such was the story.
We have never seen such a tall building.
②same指“同样的”人或事，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，same的前面要用定冠词the.
The same can be said of the other article.
另一篇文章也是同样的情况。（主语）
Whether he can do it or not,it is all the same to me.
他是否能做这事，对我来说都一样。（表语）
6、疑问代词（who,whom,which,what,whose）
疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。
（1）who/what
①询问姓名或关系。--Who is he? --He is my brother./He is
Henry.询问职业或地位。--What is he？ --He is a lawyer/teacher.
②What/who 作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于说话人的视点，可单数也可复数。
What is /are on the table?
Who is/are in the library?
(2)which与who、what
which表示在一定范围内，而who、what则无此限制。
I found two books on the desk.Which is yours?
7.连接代词和关系代词
连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同，主要有who、whom、whose、what、which以及它们与ever合成的代词whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等。它们用来引导主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句，即连接复合句中的主句和从句，并在从句中担任一定的句子成分，以连接代词引起的名词性从句前不能再加that.
关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，它们包括who、whom、whose、which、that等。这两类代词的用法详见“名词性从句”和“定语从句”部分。
8、不定代词
不定代词主要有：all、each、every、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。还有由some、any、no和every构成合成代词，不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语）。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别。
（1）some与any
一般用法：some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。
He has some Chinese paintings.(定语)
Some like sports,others like music.(主语)
Ask me if you have any questions.(定语)
Do you have any questions to ask?(定语)
I don’t know any of the students.（宾语）
特殊用法：
①any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。
Any child can do that.（定语）
You may take any of them.（宾语）
②some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。
Smith went to some place in England.（定语）
③在期待对方回答yes 时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。
Would you like some bananas?（邀请）
Mum,could you give me some money?(请求)
④some 用于否定句表示部分否定。
I don’t know some of the students.（宾语）
some和any在句中还可作状语，作副词。some意为“大约”相当于“about”,而any则表示程度，意为“稍，丝毫”。如：
There are some 300 workers on strike.
Do you feel any better today?
(2)one,both,all
①one作定语、表语、主语或宾语，可以指人或物，表示“一个”的意思，其复数为ones,指人时，其所有格是one’s，反身代词是oneself.
One should try one’s best to serve the people.(主语、定语)
This is not the one I want.(表语)
one、ones可以代替上文提到过的名词，以免重复，one、ones前面分别可以用this、that、these、those或the、which等词修饰。如：
These books are more interesting than those ones.
Here are three pens.Which one is yours,this one or that one or the one in the pencil-box?
②both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语，可以指人或指物，表示“两者都”的意思。
This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定语)
Both of the boys are here.(主语)
We both are students.(同位语)
注意：both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定时，用neither。如：Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。
Neither of us is a teacher. 我们俩都不是教师。
both不能放在the、these、those、my等之后，而应放在它们的前面。如：Both my parents like this film.
Both the /these boys are tall.
③all用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语，指“全部的”、“整个的”，可与可数或不可数名词连用，除少数情况外，一般不与单数可数名词连用，与复数名词连用时，表示“所有的”、“全部的”，指三个或三个以上的人或物。
He gave me all the money.他把全部的钱给了我。
All the schools are flooded.所有的学校都被淹了。
I told him all about it. 我把一切都告诉了他。
That’s all for today.今天就在这儿。
They have all been to Xi’an.他们都去过西安。
注意：all 用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用none。如：
Not all the ants go out for food.(or:All the ants don’t go out for food.)并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。
None of the money is mine.这钱一分也不是我的。
（3）many和much
many和much都表示“许多”，但many修饰或代替复数可数名词，much修饰或代替不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语。much有时用作状语。
（4）few, little; a few, a little
few和little表示没有多少，含否定意义；而a few 和a little表示有一些，有几个，含肯定意义。另外，few、a few 修饰可数名词；little、a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。
（5）no和none
no=not any,表示“没有”，用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词，通常作定语，none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。none还可以在句中作宾语。
注意：none既可以指人又可以指物，no one只能指人。
（6）each和every
each（各个），指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个体，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。every（每个），指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重整体，在句中只能作定语。
Every student it our class has a dictionary.(定语，强调班上“所有的人”)
Each student in our class has a dictionary.（定语，强调各个个体）
Each of them has been there.（主语）
The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.（宾语）
We each got a ticket.（同位语）
（7）either和neither
either是“两者中任何一个”的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词，neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思，可以修饰或代替单数可数名词，它们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。如：
Here are two pens. You may take either of them.(宾语)
Neither boy knows French.(定语)
注意：①either也作副词，其意为“也”，用于否定句的句末。He doesn’like tea, and I don’t either.（状语）②either与or构成连词，意为“不是……就是……”或“要么……要么……”。He is either Japanese or Chinese. ③neither用作副词，意为“也不”，即“not…either”。He can’t do it, neither can I. ④neither可与nor构成连词，意为“既不……也不”。Neither he nor you are a student.
（8）other和another, the others 和others
the other表示“两者中的另一个”；“the other + 复数可数名词”
表示“其余（他）的……”；the others表示“其他的人或物”。“others及other + 复数名词”泛指“其他的（别的）人或物”。这些词语在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：
He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel.
Five of the pencils are red, the others(the other pens)are yellow.
Some are singing, others are dancing.
another修饰或代替单数可数名词，意为“（三个或三个以上的）另一个”，不能指两者中的另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。
This coat is too dark. Please show me another.(宾语)
Please give me another book.（定语）
注意：another修饰复数名词时，意为“再，又”。如：Please give me another ten minutes. one … another(a second)… a third…the other…意为“一个……一个……一个……一个”用于三者或三者以上的排列。some…others…others…，意为“一些……一些……一些”。
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1. The Parkers bought a new house but__________will need a lot of work before they can move in.(NMET )
A.they B.it C.one D.which
解析：答案为B。分析题意可知，they显然不合，which多引导从句，从此为并列句式，one表示泛指，而此处空格内容指代前面提到的the new house。要仔细区别代词的所指范围，是人还是物，单数还是复数，另应注意句式。
2．If you want to change for a double room you’ll have to pay_________$ 15.（NMET ）
A.another B.other C.more D.each
解析：答案为A。本题考查不定代词用于表示数量附加的用法。“another + 数字 + 复数名词”结构通常用来表示在原有数量上的附加。若选C，正确结构是“数词 + more + 复数名词”。掌握another和more与数字搭配的位置是此题关键。another放在数字前，more放在数字后。NMET 1995中第25小题命题思路与此题一致。
3. Few pleasures can equal ___________of a cool drink on a hot day.(NMET )
A.some B.any C.that D.those
解析：答案为C。本题考查替代词that的用法。that通常在句中替代同类的、特定的但不是同一的事物。本句中that替代the pleasure。句意为“在炎热的夏天几乎没有任何乐趣能与饮一杯冷饮的乐趣相比”。that指代单数或不可数名词，复数用those，表示特指，以避免重复，在比较句型中较为常用，代替可数名词时可换用the one。
代词与it的用法
1.Not all these books are second-hand； of them are new．
A．all B．none C．some D．each
2.You can buy these maps at railway station．They all have them．
A．that B．any C．every D．each
3.I prefer a street in a small town to in such alarge city as Shanghai．
A．that B．it C．this D．one
4.1've only seen one copy of Gone with the wind in the bookshop opposite．Tom，g。and buy ．
A．one B．any C．other D．the others
5.At the time neither country allowed to open any companies on its land．
A．another B．the other C．other D．the others
6.Most of the housework was done by two members of the family，my sister and ．
A．me B．I C．myself D．mine
7. was thoughtful John to send me this present．
A．1t；for B．He；for C．It；of D．He；of
8.-We walked twenty miles today．
-I never guessed you could have walked far．
A．as B．this C．that D．such
9.-Have you read through the two books he lent you last week?
-No， of them is easy to read．
A．either B．none C．both D．neither
10.Meeting my uncle after all these years Was an uncom fortable moment， I will always treasure．
A．that B．one C．it D．what
11.The noise of the party prevented me from getting sleep．
A．some B．any C．no D．many
12.I hate when people talk with their mouths full．
A．it B．that C．those D．then
13.The class are busy preparing lessons for a test．
A．his B．her C．their D．its
14.-Would you care for tea or coffee?
- ，thank you．I’ve just had some tea．
A．Little B．Both C．Either D．Neither
15.It was in the house he used to 1ive that the exhibition was held．
A．where B．that C．as D．which
16.I make a rule to take a walk in the morning．
A．that B．this C．myself D．it
17. of them knew about the plan because it was k。pt a secret．
A．Each B．Any C．None D．No one
18.We couldn’t eat in a restaurant because of us had money on us．
A．all；no B．any；no C．none；any D．no one；any
19.There’re so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind to buy．
A．what B．which C．how D．where
20． we can’t get seems better than we have．
A．What；what B．What；that C．That；that D．That；what
21．Two ancient Chinese vases， worth$1，000，were sold at Sothebv’s last Monday．
A．which B．each C．every D．all
22．The computers we use today are much better than we used ten years ago．
A．one B．that C．ones D．those
23. of them are party members．Some 0f them are League members．
A．None B．Neither C．No one D．Not all
24．-Why don’t we take a 1ittle break?
-Didn’t we just have ?
A．it B．that C．one D．this
25．One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow，and ．
A．the other is white B．another white
C．the other white D．another is white
26．Some people would rather ride bike as bike riding has of the trouble of taking buses.
A.nothing B.none C.some D.neither
27．The two friends met by chance .
A．another day B．some day C．the other day D．other day
28．-Which of the two Italian films do you like better?
- ，because they are meaningless．
A．Both B．Either C．None D．Neither
29． don’t visit this part of the town．
A．The most tourists B．Most tourists C．Most of tourists D．Most the tourists
30．--Would you like some soft drink?
--Yes，but only ．
A．a few B．a little C．few D．1ittle
31．-Which coat would you prefer，sir?
-I’ll take ，to have a change sometimes．
A．all them B．them all C．both them D．them both
32．-Do you have at home now，mum?
-No，we still have to get scores of eggs and some vegetables．
A．nothing B．everything C．anything D．something
33．It was a great party． enjoyed it．
A．All of us B．Evervbody of us C．Everybody D．All
34．If this dictionary is not yours， can it be?
A．what else B．who else C．which else’s D．who else’s
35．-Have you finished your report yet?
-No，I’ll finish it in ten minutes．
A．another B．other C．more D．less
36．-Is here?
-No，Bob and Tim have asked for leave．
A．anybody B．somebody C．everybody D．nobody
37．Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers．
Now she would 1ike to read stories by writers from countries．
A．some；any B．other；some C．some；other D．other；other
38．Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but didn’t help．
A．he B．which C．she D．it
39．They are good friends． is no wonder that they know each other so well．
A．This B．That C．There D．It
40．This bus service is very good．There’s bus ten minutes．
A．each B．any C．all D．every
41．Mr Zhang’s English is very fluent，but he speaks Chinese．
A．1ittle B．fewer C．few D．1ess
42．-What Would you like to eat?
-I don’t mind． - whatever you’ve got．
A．Something B．Anything C．Nothing D．Everything
代词与it的用法
l-5 CBDCB 6-10 ACCDC 11-15 BACDA 16-20 DCCBA 2l-25 BDDCC 26-30 BCDBB
3l-35 DBADA 36-40 CCDDD 41-42 AB
篇2：关系代词讲与练
关系代词讲与练
一、关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that引导定语从句的基本用法:1. who/whom/that
三者都可指代人: who作主语, whom 作宾语, that既可以作主语, 又可作宾语。如:
He is a good teacher who/that is loved by all.
Here is the man (whom) you are looking for.
注意: ①在口语中, who 可以代替whom作宾语。②关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时, 一般可省略。
2. whose 可修饰人,也可修饰物; 修饰物时, 可与of which换用,whose在定语从句中作定语。如:
I saw some trees whose leaves were black with diseases.
= I saw some trees the leaves of which were black with diseases.
3. that/which/that/which指代物, 在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。如:
Emei is a wonderful place which/that is worth visiting.
The film (which/that) we saw last night is wonderful.
二、须特别注意以下几种特殊情况:
1. 常用that 不用which的情况:
① 先行词为all, anything, everything, nothing, something等时。如:
I will do all (that) I can to help you.
② 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the very等所修饰时。如:
He was the only person that joined the army in his village that year.
③ 先行词既有人,又有物时。如:
They talked about the people and the things (that)they remembered in the school.
④ 当主句是以who 或which开头的.疑问句时, 定语从句用that 引导, 以避免重复。如:
Who is the boy that was here just now?
2. 若被修饰的名词充当从句介词宾语时, 介词可提前于引导词之前,此时的引导词只能用whom 或which。如:
The pencil with which he was writing broke.
3. 当先行词为way时,其后的定语从句用in which或 that引导,也可不用引导词。如:
I don’t like the way (in which/that) he talks to me.
篇3：关系代词讲与练2
关系代词讲与练2
巩固练习:从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. To tell the truth, this is the only thing _______ I have in the world.
A. which B. that C. what D. of which
2. Everyone was on time for the meeting but Chris, ______ is usually ten minutes late for everything.
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
3. George Orwell, _______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
A. the real name B. what his real name
C. his real name D. whose real name
4. It is ______ he said it that surprised me.
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
5. The girl to ______ I spoke is one of my old friends.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
Key: 1-5 BCDAB
篇4：高考复习讲与练（11）虚拟语气
一、考点聚焦
1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中
（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如：
If I were a boy, I would join the army.
If the had time, she should go with you.
（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如：
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.
（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/
could might + 动词原形。如；
If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：
If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)
以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：
条件状语从句 主 句
与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词
与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形
与将来事实相反 一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形 Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形
有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主语”。如：
Were I a boy, I would join the army.
Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.
Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.
2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句
（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。
①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如：
I wish it were spring all the year round.
I wish I had known the answer.
I wish I could fly like a bird.
②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如：
She suggested we (should)leave here at once.
The doctor ordered she should be operated.
（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。
作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。如：
His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.
My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.
（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。
在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：
It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.
It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.
It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.
注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：
It is pity that you can’t swim.
3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用
（1）虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。如：
He did it as if he were an expert.
Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.
（2）虚拟语气用于定语从句中。
这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) … ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在)该……”。如：
It’s time that I picked up my daughter.
It’s high time we were going.
（3）虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。如：
If only I were a bird.
If only I had taken his advice.
（4）虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。
①情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。如：
It would be better for you not to stay up too late.
Would you be kind enough to close the door?
②用于一些习惯表达法中。如：
Would you like a cup of tea?
I would rather not tell you.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______. (NMET 95)
A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken
解析：答案为C。本题考查的是as if 引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，as if引导的状语从句如果与事实一致，不用虚拟语气，如果与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”。而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反，前半部分陈述是一般现在时，因而本句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用were broken。
2. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ___________, she would have met my brother.(NMET 94)
A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come
解析：答案为D。本题考查的是if条件句中的虚拟语气。题意是：我在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此如果“她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟，所以if从句中用had+过去分词。
3. -If he ___________, he ________that food.
-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(NMET 93)
A.was warned; would not take
B.had been warned; would not have taken
C.would be warned; had not taken
D.would have been warned; had not taken
解析：答案为B。本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法。根据下一句语境可知，他事先并没有得到警告，表示过去时间的虚拟语气，故选B。
虚拟语气
1．I enjoyed the movie very much．I wish I the book from which it was made．
A．have read B．had read C．should have read D．am reading
2．You are late．If you a few minutes earlier,you him．
A．came；Would meetB．had come；Would have met
C．come；Will meet D．had come；would meet
3．I can’t stand him．He always talks as though he everything
A．knew B．knows C．has know D．had known
4．His doctor suggested that he short trip abroad．
A．will take B．would take C．take D．took
5．We might have failed if you us a helping hand．
A．have not given B．would not give C．had not given D．did not give
6．The law requires that everyrone his car checked at least once a month．
A．has B．have C．had D．will have
7．He was busy yesterday，otherwise he to the meeting．
A．would come B．would have been C．could have been D．would be
8．If there were no subjunctive mood，English much easier．
A．will be B．would have been C．could have been D．would be
9． the fog，we should have reached our schoo1．
A．Because of B．In spite of C．In case of D．But for
10．-What will you do during winter vacation?
-I don’t know，but it’s about time something
A．I decided B．I’ll decide C．I’d decided D．I’m deciding
11．He was very busy yesterday，otherwise，he to your birthday party．
A．would come B．came C．would have come D．should come
12．The two strangers talked as if they friends for years．
A．should be B．had been C．have been D．were
13．Look! What you’ve done!You have been more careful．
A．should B．may C．ought D．would
14．Without electricity，what ?
A．will the world be like B．would the world be like
C．the world will be like D．the World Would be like
15．With your ability，you out the puzzle within a few minutes．
A． could have worked B．need have worked
B． C．ought have worked D．must have worked
16．My suggestion is that the sick boy to hospital as soon as possible．
A．is taken B．must be taken C．be taken D．has to be taken
17．If we had not missed the bus，we lunch at home now．
A．would have had B．would have C．must be having D．would be having
18． here yesterday，he would attend the lecture with us today．
A．Had he been B．If he were C．Were he D．Should be he
19．His tired face suggested that he really tired after the 1ong walk．
A．had been B．was C．be D．should be
20．Do you feel that I the problem in a different way the other day?
A．should come B．should have solved C．have solved D．solved
21．0ur chairman hasn’t come yet．If he on time，we would have to put off the meeting．
A．should come B．would come C．shouldn’t come D．doesn’t come
22．He insisted that he really very tried and that he to have a rest．
A．was；be allowed B．was；must be allowed
C．should be；must be allowed D．should be；be allowed
23．He did his best in everything； he would not have been what he was．
A．and B．but C．otherwise D．but that
24．I do I could give you a hand．
A．hope B．wish C．expect D．think
25．I Would rather she tomorrow than today．
A．come B．came C．should D．has come
26．The guard at the gate insisted that everybody the rules．
A．obeys B．obey C．will obey D．Would obey
27．I her if I thought she would understand．
A．would tell B．will tell C．Would have to1d D．told
28．The teacher requires Rose by heart 15 English words each day．
A．1earn B．to learn C．must learn D．1earning
29．-If he ，he that food．
-Luckily he was sent to the hospita1 immediate1y．
A．Was warmed；would not take B．had been warmed；wou1d not have taken
C．would be warmed；had not taken D．would have been warmed；had not taken
30．Without electricity human life quite different today．
A．is B．will be C．would have been D．Would be
虚拟语气
l-5 BBACC 6-10 BBDDA 11-15 CBABA 16-20 CDABBD 21-25 CACBB 26-30 BCBBD
篇5：高考英语复习专练-形容词、代词
高考英语复习专练-形容词、代词
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
1. If I had＿＿＿, I’d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.
A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday
C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough
2. These oranges taste＿＿＿.
A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
3. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard＿＿＿.
A. the better voice B. a good voice
C. the best voice D. a better voice
4. I’d be＿＿＿, if you could give me an early reply.
A. pleasant B. grateful
C. satisfied D. helpful
5. Those T-shirts are usually ＄35 each, but today they have a (an)＿＿＿price of ＄19 in the shopping center.
A. regular B. special C. cheap D. ordinary
6. Mr Smith bought a＿＿＿purse for his wife.
A. small black leather B. black leather small
C. small leather black D. black small leather
7. ―― How was your job interview?
―― Oh, I couldn’t feel＿＿＿. I hardly found proper answers to most of the questions they asked.
A. better B. easier C. worse D. happier
8. Longjing tea, Jasmine tea and Wuyi tea are all famous,but which do you think＿＿＿＿＿?
A. tastes best B. smells most
C. sounds best D. drinks mostly
9. ―― Can Li Hua help me with my English?
―― I regret to tell you her English is＿＿＿＿＿yours.
A. as good as B. no more than
C. no better than D. as much as
10. Although he sometimes loses his temper, his students like him＿＿＿＿＿for it.
A. not so much B. not so little
C. no more D. no less
11. When they came in, Mr Harris＿＿＿＿＿＿like a baby.
Nobody would like to wake him from a good dream,because he needed rest.
A. fell asleep B. was sound asleep
C. got asleep D. went to sleep
12. This year they have produced＿＿＿grain＿＿＿they did last year.
A. as less； as B. as few； as
C. less； than D. fewer； than
13. ―― Can I help you?
―― Well, I’m afraid the box is＿＿＿heavy for you,but thank you all the same.
A. so B. much C. very D. too
14. ―― How did you find your visit to the museum?
―― I thoroughly enjoy it. It was＿＿＿＿＿than I expected.
A. far more interesting B. even much interesting
C. so far interesting D. a lot much interesting
15. ―― Would you like some wine?
―― Yes, just＿＿＿＿＿.
A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit
16. It takes a long time to go there by train； it’s ＿＿＿＿by road.
A. quick B. the quickest
C. much quick D. quicker
17. If there were no examinations, we should have＿＿＿at school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
18. I’m surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an)＿＿＿＿＿trick.
A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D. simple
19. The salesman showed her several bags and she chose＿＿＿one as she didn’t want to spend too much money on it.
A. the less expensive B. less expensive
C. the least expensive D. least expensive
20. ＿＿＿＿＿box cannot be lifted by a boy of five.
A. So a heavy B. So heavy a
C. A such heavy D. Such heavy a
21. If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was ＿＿＿＿＿choice.
A. good B. the best C. better D. the better
22. It was＿＿＿＿＿late to catch a bus after the party, there fore we called a taxi.
A. too very B.much too
C. too much D. far
23. Greenland, ＿＿＿＿＿island in the world, covers even two million square kilometers.
A. it is the largest B. that is the largest
C. is the largest D. the largest
24. ―― Mum, I think I’m ＿＿＿＿＿ to get back to school.
―― Not really, my dear. You’d better stay at home for another day or two.
A. so well B. so good
C. well enough D. good enough
25. Dracula and Frankenstein are＿＿＿＿＿film characters.
A. frighten B. frightened
C. frightening D. frightenly
26. When they heard the bad news, they all looked＿＿＿＿
at the master and felt quite＿＿＿＿＿.
A. sad； sad B. sadly； sadly
C. sad； sadly D. sadly； sad
27. The storm kept me＿＿＿＿＿all through the night.
A. awake B. awoke C. awaked D.awoken
28. ―― What do you think of the concert?
―― Oh, it was＿＿＿＿＿success.
A. a very B. quite a C .so D. really
29. My＿＿＿＿＿brother is two years＿＿＿＿＿than I.
A. older； older B. elder； older
C. older； elder D. elder； elder
30. I haven’t seen＿＿＿＿＿this since I collected stamps.
A. as old a stamp as B. so an old stamp as
C. stamp as old as D. as an old stamp as
31. Please come in and make＿＿＿＿＿at home, boys!
A. you B. yourself C. yourselves D. yours
32. The remark of＿＿＿＿＿is quite correct.
A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours
33. In our class＿＿＿＿＿given an English name by the teacher.
A. we each was B. each of us has
C. each we have D. we were each
34. You’ll have to borrow ＿＿＿＿＿ dictionary. I’m using＿＿＿＿＿.
A. somebody else’s； my B. somebody’s； my
C. somebody else’s； mine D. somebody’s； mine
35. Some of the wheat is from China. What about＿＿＿＿?
A. another B. the other
C. others D. the rest
36. ―― You’re always working. Come on! Let’s go shopping.
―― ＿＿＿＿＿ you ever want to do is going shopping.
A. Anything B. Something C. All D. That
37. ―― He was nearly drowned once.
―― When was＿＿＿＿＿?
―― ＿＿＿＿was when he was in middle school.
A. that；It B. this； This
C. this； It D. that； This
38. ―― Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
―― I’m afraid＿＿＿＿＿is possible.
A. either B. neither C. some D. any
39. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ＿＿＿＿＿.
A. everything B. anything
C. something D. nothing
40. ―― Do you have＿＿＿＿＿at home?
―― No, we still have to get several pounds of fruit and some tea.
A. something B. everything
C. anything D. nothing
41. ―― Who knocked at the door?
―― I’ve no idea. I just prete
篇6：英语高考复习讲与练（7）形容词和副词
一、考点聚焦
1、形容词、副词的作用与位置
形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记；
（1）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。
a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high
（2）表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。
（3）用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如：
I have something important to tell you.
（4）else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。
（5）enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。
（6）几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。如：
We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.
（7）频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后，行为动词前。
（8）副词作定语，定语后置。如：
The person there is waiting for you.
（9）几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（大小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。如：
a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,
the man’s first tow interesting little red French oil paitings
（10）以-ly结尾的词性辨析。
①下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。
②表愿意（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副词：
deep深 wide宽广 high高 low位置低
deeply深入地 widely广泛地 highly高度地 lowly地位卑微
③有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：
dead完全，绝对be dead asleep
deadly非常be deadly tired
pretty相当be pretty certain that…
prettily漂亮地be prettily dressed
close近Don’t sit close.
closely密切地Watch closely!
late晚、迟arrive late, come late
lately最近I haven’t seen him lately(recently).
2、复合形容词的构成
（1）形容词 + 名词 + ed
kind-hearted好心的，white-haired白发的
(2)形容词 + 形容词
red-hot炽热的，dark-blue深蓝的
（3）形容词 + 现在分词
good-looking好看的，easy-going随和的
（4）副词 + 现在分词
hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving快速转动的
（5）副词 + 过去分词
hard-won得来不易的，newly-made新建的
（6）名词 + 形容词
life-long终生的，world-famous世界闻名的
（7）名词 + 现在分词
peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving爱开玩笑的
（8）名词 + 过去分词
snow-covered白雪覆盖的，hand-made手工的
（9）数词 + 名词 + ed
four-storeyed 4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的
（10）数词 + 名词（名词用单数）
ten-year 的,two-man两人的
3、形容词和副词的比较等级
（1）原级的构成和用法。
构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。
用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构。如：
Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.
This building looks not so (as)high as that one.
Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .
This room is three times as large as that one.
（2）比较级和最高级的构成。
掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。
（3）比较级的用法。
①对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如：
This picture is more beautiful than that one.
②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如：
This room is less beautiful than that one.
③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修饰。如：
He works even harder than before.
注意：英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“…一些”或不译出，一般不可有“更”。如：
She is better than she was yesterday
Please come earlier tomorrow.
另注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。如：
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语），the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语）”的结构（意为“越……越……”）。如：
The harder he works, the happier he feels.
⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。如：
The weather is getting colder and colder.
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于……）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在……之前）等。
He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.
⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。
The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.
A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
⑧倍数表达法。（A）A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）。The new bui9lding is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。（B）A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。（C）A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.
(4)最高级的用法。
①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如：
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works(the)hardest in his class.
②最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如：
This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.
How much did the secon most expensive hat cost?
③表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。
④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。如：
He is the tallest(boy)in his class.
⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如：
Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.
(5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。
①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。
②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。如：
He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)
The film is most interesting.(most=very)
③表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加the。如：
who is the older of the tow boys?
④在“the + 比较级…，the + 比较级…”结构中。
⑤在same前一般要加the。
⑥有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等。
（6）由as / so组成的形容词或副词短语。
① as much as + 不可数名词数量。
Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.
She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.
②as many as + 可数名词数量 多达
I have as a many as sixteen referrence books.
③as early as早在
As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.
④as far as远到；就……而知（论）
We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.
As far as I know（就我所知），he has been there before.
⑤may (might, could)as well不妨、不如
Then you might as well stay with us here.
⑥as … as can be到了最……的程度，极其
They are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信。
⑦as … as one can
He began to run, as fast as he could.
⑧as … as possible
Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.
(7)几组重要的词语辨析。
①very 和much的区别。（A）可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。(B)表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情况下，以-ing、-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jack’s attitude。(C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exicting。（D）too前用much或far,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。 There’s far too little opportunity for adventue these days.We’ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.（E）关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构：（a）修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very,而用quite completely、well、entirely。如：quite wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、quite impossible、quite perfect等。（b）修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid。(c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold / frightening。
②so … that … 与such … that … 的区别。
so + 形容词 / 副词 + that …
so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that …
so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that …
such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that …
such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that …
such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that …
注意：下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有many、much、little、few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。但当little表示“小”时用such。如：These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves.下列so的用法是错误的：so a diffcult problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather。
③其他几组词的辨析。（A）ago、before:ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。（B）already、yet、still:already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。
(C)too、also、either:too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。(D)good、well:与good不同的是，well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好”，也作副词修饰动词。(E)quick、fast:作形容词皆表“快”。fast多指运动的物体，含持续的意思。quick多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。(F)real、true:形容词表“真的”。real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语；true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。(G)hard、difficult:均表“困难”，但hard通常指体力上困难；difficult则指智力或技能上的困难，困难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语。
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science.（NMET ）
A.an art much as B.much an art as
C.as an art much as D.as much an art as
解析：答案为D。本题可从考查形容词的同级比较点入手。在同级比较as…as句式中，如果as后面的形容词作定语且其所修饰的名词前有不定冠词时，该冠词须置于形容词之后，即形成“as + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + as”结构。这道题在名词专题中也有解析，不同的是观察视角不同，应注意培养发散思维。
2. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, __________if you don’t speak the language.(NMET )
A.extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially
解析：答案为D。本题考查副词的词义辨析。注意掌握词语的准确含义，结合语境进行分析。A项意为“极端地”；B项意为“自然地”；C项“基本上”；D项“尤其，特别地”。根据句意“如果你不会讲（它的）语言，在国外你就总会困难重重”可知答案。
3. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ______known for his plays.(NMET 1998)
A.the best B.more C.better D.the most
解析：答案为C。本题考查副词的比较级和最高级。要把握句式之间的联系，抓住句子的隐藏信息，结合语境进行分析。根据句意，句中but后应有一词组be well known for…。同时，应注意到前后两个分句把professor White的短篇小说和戏剧进行了对比，故应用well的比较级。
形容词与副词
1．If we had followed his plan，we could have done the
job better with money and people．
A．1ess；less B．fewer；fewer C．1ess；fewer D．fewer；less
2．It is impossible for so workers to do so work in a single day．
A．few；much B．few；many C．1ittle；much D．little；many
3．-If you don’t like the red coat，take the blue one．
-0K，but do you have size in blue?This one is a bit tight for me．
A．big B．a bigger C．the big D．the bigger
4．After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced tractors in 1988 as the year before．
A．as twice many B．as many twice C．twice as many D．twice many as
5．-How did you find your visit to the museum?
-I thoroughly enjoyed it．It was than I expected．
A．far more interesting B．even much interesting
C．so more interesting D．a lot much interesting
6．If there were no examinations，we should have at schoo1．
A．the happiest time B．a more happier time C．much happiest time D．a much happier time
7．On the river there is bridge．
A．an old fine stone B．a fine new wood
C．a stone fine old D．a new wood fine
8．If I had ，I’d visit Europe，stopping at all the small interesting places．
A．a long enough holiday B．an enough long holiday
C．a holiday enough long D．a long holiday enough
9．It Was raining heavily．Little Mary felt cold，so she stood to her mother．
A．close B．closely C．closed D．closing
10．The means of getting from place to place in
the city is the bus．
A．most commonly useful public B．most commonly public used
C．public used more commonly D．most commonly used public
11.Alice is going camping with girls．
A．1ittle two other B．two other little
C．two 1ittle other D．1ittle 0ther two
12.Where have you been days?
A．all last these few B．these all last few
C．1ast all few these D．all these last few
13.He has made progress that all of us want to learn from him．
A．such a good B．so good a
C．a so good D．such good
14.All the people at the party were his supporters.
A．present B．thankful C．interested D．important
15.This kind of apple tastes and sells
A．well；well B．good；good C．good；well D．well；good
16．The storm kept me all through the night．
A．awake B．awoke C．awaked D．awaken
17．My brother was still studying into the night while I was asleep．
A．1ate；sound B．1ately；wide C．deeply；far D．far；late
18．The temperature of a person is about 37℃．
A．formal B．normal C．common D．usual
19．I’m always very when I was asked to recite the text in class．
A．curious B．nervous C．mysterious D．sad
20．It Was impossible for her to get the 9 o’clock train，I know she got up at
9：15．
A．quite B．very C．too D．much
形容词与副词
1-5 CABCA 6-10 DBAAD 11-15 BDDAC 16-20 AABBA
篇7：英语高考复习讲与练（6）介词和连词
一、考点聚焦
1、介词的分类与语法功能
（1）介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如at、in、for等；合成介词，如within、inside、onto、througout等；短语介词，如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。双重介词，如from behind / above / under、until after等。分词介词，如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。
常见的介词宾语：名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。如：
①It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather
forecast.
②He quarrelled with her yesterday.
③He succeeded in passing the final exam.
④I’m still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time.
⑤The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.
（2）介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。如：
①This machine is in good condition.(表语)
②Where is the key to my bike?(定语)
③Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语)
④She always thinks herself above others.（宾补）
2、介词搭配
（1）“动词+介词”搭配：注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。
①rob sb. of sth. / clear the road of snow(“夺去、除去”意
义的动词与of 连用)
②supply us with food / fill the glass with wine（“供给”意义的动词与with连用）
③make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat（“制作、制造”意义与of、from、into连用）
④介词 + the + 部位与动词的关系（=动词 + sb.’s + 部位，可换用）
strike him on the head(“击，拍，碰，摸”意义与on连用)
catch him by the arm(“抓，拉，拿，扯”意义与by连用)
hit the boy in the face（“肚，胸，眼，脸”等人体前部与in连用）
⑤prevent(stop, keep)sb. from doing sth.(“阻止，禁止”意义与from连用)
⑥persuade(advise, warn)sb. into doing sth.（“说服，建议”意义与into连用）
⑦buy sb. for sth.(leave、get、win、gain、lose等“得失”意义与for连用)
⑧tell sth.to sb.(show、teach、sing、write、read等“告知”意义与to连用)
⑨give sth. to sb.（give、allow、promise、pass、hand等“授予”意义与to连用）
注意：⑦⑧⑨可换成buy sb.sth.双宾结构。
⑩say to sb.(suggest、explain、apologize、murmur、whisper与“对象”连用必须用to)不可说suggest sb.sth.。
同一动词与不同介词搭配意义不同。
for（寻找） to sth. of(听说) on(拜访)
look to (眺望) agree with sb. hear call for(需要)
at（看） on sth. from(收到信) in(请)
同一介词与不同动词搭配，意义各异。
reply to the letter回信，sing(dance)to the music和……唱（跳），amount to 达到，加起来有……，devote to把……贡献给，drink to为……干杯，object to反对，look forward to 渴望，come to苏醒，belong to属于，search for搜……，ask … for … 寻找，use … for用作，leave for前往，take … for误以为，call of倡导，wait for等待，care for喜欢，make up for弥补损失，turn to求助（救）于，help oneself to随意，agree to同意，compare … to把……比作，send for派人去请（拿）……，sail for驶向，航向，set out for动身去，go in for爱好……。
（2）常见“形容词 + 介词”搭配。
of担心…… about / at sth.
afraid angry
for 替……而担心 with sb.
for sth.渴望…… different from与……不同
amxious
about sth. / sb担心…… different to … 不关心……
of讨厌 with sb.
tired strict
from/ with因……疲倦 in sth.要求严格
at擅长 with sb.受……欢迎
good for对……有益 popular in some place流行在……
of sb. to do so友好 for … 因……而流行
with + 名词或what从句
pleased helpful to对……有帮助
at + 抽象名词（听 / 看到……而高兴）
to sb.为人所知
known for因……而出名 be familiar with熟悉
as作为……出名 be familiar to为……熟知（悉）
sorry for … 替……后悔 disappointed at sth.失望
from缺席
rich in富有…… absent
in离开此地去了……
worthy of值得的，glad about sth. for sb.为某人某事高兴，far from离……远，grateful for sth. to sb.为某事感激某人，free from没有……（免除……），proud of(take pride in)自豪，satisfied with (by)满意，sure of / about确信，fond of喜欢，fit for适合，busy with sth.(in doing sth.)忙着干某事，full of充满，ready for准备，similar to相似，wrong with不对；有毛病……
（3）“名词 + 介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。
the absence of water缺水
the hope of success成功的希望
have a chance of (for) entering college上大学的机会
take pride in them为他们感到骄傲
the key to the question问题的答案
a medicine for cough治咳嗽的药
the ticket for tomorrow明天的票
in Beijing去了北京
his abesence
from Beijing不在北京
to study学习方法
the way
of studying maths学习教学的方法
3、核心介词用法归纳与辨析
（1）表示时间的介词in的用法如下。
表示在某一较长时间内，如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in，
如：in the 1990s, in the year, in January, in(the) winter / summer / fall / spring, in the first week of May。
还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。如：in a while, in no time, in the daytime, in a short while, in time, in the morning (afternoon, evening)。但要注意：
①at night / at noon, in the day(在白天),in the night（大夜间）。
②in five days（weeks, months, years）中in意思是“在……以后”。
③in和during表一段时间内两词可互用。如：in the night, during the night, in the war, during the war。但略有区别：当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during，接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in。如：
during the discussion in discussing the problem
during her stay in Hubei in playing basketball
during the course of in digging the tunnel
（2）在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on。
on Sunday(s).on Tuesday morning
on Christmas Day(但at Chrismas),on Christmas Eve, on
Children’s Day
on March 8, on the morning (afternoon, evening)of Oct.1
early on the morning of Oct.1(区别：in the late / early morning of Oct.1)
on a rainy night, on warm winter days
(3)表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。
at breakfast(supper, lunch),at six
at noon (sunrise, sunset, midday, night, midnight, dawn)
at the age of 15, at the time of war,但in time of danger/ trouble。
注意：有些时间名词前不接介词。如：
next day、last Sunday、that morning、these years
one、each、any、every、some、all修饰时,一般不用介词,如some day
one day、yesterday / afternoon,the night before
（4）till、until、to的用法。
①till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。如：
He waited for me till twelve o’clock.
He didn’t get up till(until) 10 a.m.(不可用to).
但注意：在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。如：
Not until 9 a.m.did Mr.Smith come back to school.
②to表“终结”时常用和from连用，但要注意不与from连用时的意
义。如：from July to September, from six to(till)eight（从……到……为止），但from morning till night（从早到晚），不能用to。from … to常构成习惯搭配，不可换用其他介词。（A）表持久连续、传递、转移的含义。from time to time(不时，有时)，from day to day (天天),from hand to hand(不断传下去)，from place to place（处处，到处），from side to side(左右摇摆)，from door to door（家家户户），from house to house（挨家挨户），from shop to shop（一个商店接一个商店）。(B)表起始终止的全过程或程度加深、状态变化。from beginning to end(从头到尾，自始至终)（from the beginning to the end of…）;from hand to mouth(仅能糊口)，from bad to worse(越来越糟)，from head to foot(从头到脚),
from top to bottom（整个地，彻底地），from top to toe(全身)，from start to finish（自始至终，从头到尾）。（C）from one + 名词 + to another表示“依次”。如from one car to another（顺着车厢依次地）。（D）名词 + by + 同一单数名词，表示“一个一个地”，要与from … to短语区别开：one by one 一个一个地；little by little(bit)一点一点地；step by step 一步一步地，逐渐地（但by and by 不久以后）；sentence by sentence逐句地；day by day一天一天地；side by side(with…)(和……)并肩，一起；shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地，齐心协力；hand in hand 手拉手，紧紧地;face to face面对面。
（5）in、after、later
①in + 一段时间：表示说话时为起点一段时间之后，与一般将来时连用；但表示“在……之内”时，用于各种时态。
②一段时间 + later(later是副词)：表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时间算起的一段时间后。
③after + 一段时间表示：“在……之后”，用于一般过去时；但时间为点时间时，只能用after,即after + 点时间，用于各种时态。
The doctor will be with us in six minutes.
She graduated in 1981,and eight years later she became the manager of the factory.
He received her letter after four weeks.
另外，in + 一段时间 + ’s + time 与 within + 一段时间的用法如下：
in a week’s time = in a week
They will arrive in three days’ time.(与将来时连用)
My brother’s birthday is in two weeks’ time.（作表语）
I’ll finish the book within two weeks.(within = in less than…用于各种时态，不超出，在……之内)
（6）地点介词at、on、in、to、across、through、over、under、below。
①at 在较小的场所，in在较大的场所，on在……的平面上。如at the
door、at the airport、at the station、at 55 Park Street、in China、in the north、in Asia、on the desk、on the wall等。
②on、at、in还可以表示两地相对位置。若A地属于B地，用in;A地位于B地的外面且有边缘衔接用on；无边缘的衔接有to。如：
Japan lies to the east of China.(范围之外)
Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.（范围之外）
Hunan province lies on the west of Hubei province.(毗邻)
The island lies off the coast of China.(相隔一定距离)
③地点介词的引申、比喻意义：in the sun在阳光下，in the dark(ness)在黑暗中，in the dark不知道，in freezing weather在严寒天气中，in the mud在泥中，in the earth在地下,in the desert在沙漠中,in a heavy rain 在大雨中，in the snow / wind在雪/风中,in public 当众，in trouble 在困境中，get into trouble陷入困境，out of trouble摆脱困难，beyond hope绝望。
④across在物体表面“穿过”；through则表示在三维空间内部“穿过”。如：
They walked across the playground.
I walked through the forest.
⑤over / under / above / below。
over、above译作“在……之上”；under、below译作“在……的下面”，其区别在于over、under表示一种直接的、垂直的上下关系；而above、below则表示一般的“高于”或“低于”，不一定是垂直“在上”或“在下”。如：
A little boat is now under the bridge.
There is a bridge over the river.
The sun sinks below the horizon(地平线)
The window is well above the tree.
⑥表示地点介词的静态性和动态性
He walked to the station（静态，表示方向和目的地）
He walked towards the station.(动态，只表示方向)
He is kind to (towards)us.（两者通用）
He is at the station.(静态，表示地点)
They arrived at the station.(动态，表示地点)
He swam away from the ship.(动态“离开”)
He stood away from the shop.(静态“远离”)
He fell onto the floor.(动态“到地面”)
The city is on the Changjiang River.(静态“平面”)
Go off the road.偏离了道路（动态“离去”）
Come along the river.沿着河过来（线）
across the fields 跨过田野……，over the desert跨越沙漠
across the river横跨这条河……，over the hill翻过这座山
be in the house(静态，在这里……)stay out of the car(静态，在……外)
go into the house(动态，进入)fly out of the country(动态，离开)
（7）表示方式、手段、工具的介词
①by the year/hour/day按年/小时/天。如He rent a house by the year(day,hour).(按by+the+单位名称)但to the pound按磅算，to the ton按吨计。
②表泛指的方式、手段
by post/mail邮寄，by telephone(radio),但on the phone/on the radio/on TV(电讯器材)，by electricity用电，by machinery用电器，by hard work,learn sth.by heart,through the satellite,through practice,through his own efforts,through experience,through the telescop
③交通工具类
by bus/train/car/taxi(road)
by bike/bicycle,on horse back/on foot
by plane/jet/spaceship,by air
by ship/boat/lifeboat,by sea/by water
另外：by means of 用……方法，by way of 经由，取道于，用……方法，with the help (permission)of sb./with sb.’s help (permis-
sion)。
④表方式、手段的其他用法
He beat the dog with a whip.(with+工具机器)
One smells with his nose.(with+人体器官，但by hand“手工，用手”)
He stood up with pride.(with+情绪、情感、态度的名词)
注意：使用语言、材料、文字等用in。如in English(ink,pencil)。另外如：in high (good,low)spirits,in anger,in joy,in comfort,in sorrow,in safety,in danger,in need,in debt,in love,in fun,in pain,in tears,in surprise,in good(poor)health,in good order,in flower,in a way,in a low voice,in silence,in(with)satisfaction,in a hurry,in(with)words,live/feed on food,kneel on one’s knee,take(catch)sb.by surprise(出其不意)
（8）表示“除……之外”的几组常用介绍比较。
①besides 除……以外，（还有）。作副词时意思是“而且，更何况”。
Well all went to the cinema besides Shaw.除了肖外，我们都去了电影院。
It was too late to see a film, and besides, I was tired.
②except除去，除……之外（不再有）。
We all went except John.我们都去了，约翰没有。
在否定句中，两词可以换用，如：
He has no other hats except / besides this one.
③except for除了……（对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明）后接名词、代词或what从句，此时与except that + 句子意思相同。
He was very clever except for carelessness.
④except that … 除了……一点以外。
He has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses.
⑤but与except
but和except在表示“除了……以外”时可以通用，但应注意以下三点：
①前面有不定人词、疑问代词在意义上对称时，多用but。
All but one are here.
Nobody but I likes making model ships.
②后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用but。
He has nothing to do but wait.（前有do,后省to）
③but与一些固定结构连用。
have no choice but to do sth.只得做某事，can not but do sth.不得不,can not help but do sth.不得不……，but for … 如不是……
（9）between与among.
between通常指两者之间。也可以用于三者以上的两者之间。如：
Ann is between Tom and Bill.
Switzer land lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy.
They soon finished the work between themselves.(共同，合作)
She was busy between cooking, washing, sewing and looking after the baby.(表示接连不断地，一个接一个地忙这忙那)
A horse can be seen between trees now.
among表示三者以上之间。如：
The story is said to have happened in a village among the hills.
He was happy to be among friends again.
We must agree among ourselves.(一起，共同)我们必须达成共识。
London is among the largest cities.( = one of与最高级连用)
（10）表原因的介词for、because of、due to。
He didn’t come to the meeting because of his illness.
The reason for his coming late is that he was ill.
He was praised for his bravery and courage.
The accident is due to your careless driving.
(11)不定式复合结构中的for、of。
这里所说的不定式复合结构形式指的是for 或of加上人或事，作动词不定式逻辑主语的结构。
①It is clever of you to answer it like that.
②It is quite hard for me to explain why.
注意：两句中的of和for的使用，表语形容词能够说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特征与面貌时用of,如果说明不定式行为本身的性质、状态等则用for。
（12）兼作连词和副词的介词。
①after、since、till / still、before这些词既是介词，又是连词。
The children went home at once after school.
They went to bed after they had finished the job.
②in、on、along、down、up、after、before、along、beyond等介词可兼作副词。
He ran down the hill.（介词）
Can you lift that box down from the shelf for me ?(副词)
③有的介词可以兼作连词和副词。
All the students got to school before me.(before为介词)
We do want to buy something now before prices go up.(连词)
Haven’t I seen you before?(before为副词)
（13）介词的省略。
①表示时间的介词on、at 、in的省略。在next、last、yesterday、tomorrow、each、one、any、every、all等词之前，可以省略，也可以不省略。如（at）last weekend、（on）that day等。
②介词for表示时间的省略要求。（A）以all开头的名词短语，for要省略。如：I stayed with her all he morning.（B）表示一段时间的短语之前，for可以省略，也可以不省略。如：I have been waiting hereI (for) more than three hours.（C）否定句中，表示时间的短语前的for不能省略。如：I haven’t seen you for thirty years.(D)时间状语在主句之前，for不能省略。如：For the whole morning,the old man kept reading.
③某些动词短语之后的介词可以省略。
Nothing can prevent me(from)doing the job.
She spent nearly two hours(in)translating it.
（14）某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。
①要求接to的名词有：key、answer、visit、entrance、apology、introduction、road等。
②要求接in 的名词有：interest、satisfaction、expert等。
He is expert in teaching small children.
(15)几个常用的并列连词。
①both … and, either … or, neither … nor
both … and“双方都”，连接句子的两个主语时，其后谓语动词通常用使用复数形式。either … or与neither … nor注意采取“就近原则”。
②not only … but also, as well as
注意：两者强调对象不同，not only … but also强调的是but also之后部分，而as well as则强调其前面的部分。not only … but also采取“就近原则”，而as well as只是一个插入语，采取“就远原则”。如：
Mr.Smith, as well as his wife and children, has come to Nanjing for a visit.
not only … but also结构中的not only可用于句首，连接两个分句时，第一个从句主谓要倒装。
Not only is he clever ,but also he is hard working.
（16）几个常用的从属连词。
①when、while、as都表示“当……时候”，when引导的从句的动作与主句的动词可同时发生，也可先后发生；as、while引导的从句则强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。如：
When I go to the station, the train had already left.
He sang merrily as he was working.
②till、until均表示“到……时候止”，肯定句中的谓语必须是延续性动作。如：I worked till late at night.若主句谓语是终止性动词，则主句要用否定形式，意为动作“到……才……”开始发生。如：
She didn’t get up until her mother came in.
注意：till和until通常情况下可以互换，只是在句首时until比till更常用。
③though、although均引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然……”，although较正式，though最常用。如：
Thouth (Although)he was tired,he kept on working.
注意：though、although引导的从句不能与but、however连用，但可以与yet、still连用。though还可以与别的词结合使用，如even though、
as though,而although则不能这样搭配。
④no sooner … than、hardly … when、as soon as三者都表示“一……就”，“刚刚……就”的意思。（A）as soon as 置于主句前后都可以，而且有备各种时态。如：As soon as she gets here I’ll tell her about
it. Mary left as soon as the finished the work.(B)hardly … when、no sooner … than不能表示将来的事，其主句的谓语动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时。若将hardly或no sooner放在句首，句子要倒装。如：No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
⑤某些表示时间的名词（词组）也可用作从属连词。它们是：the moment, the minute,the instant, the day, the time, the first(second, third …)time, the spring (summer, autumn,winter),every(each,next,
any) time(day),by the time,都可引导时间状语从句。如：
His mother died the spring he returned.
Call me up the minute he arrives.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1. The home improvements have taken what little there is _________my spare time.(NMET 2001)
A.from B.in C.of D.at
解析：答案为C。本题考查句子结构中介词of的有法。what引导的从句作谓语have taken的宾语，而从句中的基本句型为“there is little of …”,表示“……有很少”，what 修饰little提到了从句句首。注意正确把握句子结构和介词用法，要明白of my spare time和in my spare time的区别。
2. ____________ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.(NMET 2000)
A.As B.For C.With D.Through
解析：答案为C。本题考查with的复合结构作状语的用法。“with + 名词 + 不定式/分词/名词/形容词/介词短语等”可在句中作伴随、时间、原因、条件等状语。本题中with的复合结构作伴随状语。
3. The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, ___________they will save us money in the long run.（2000春季高考题）
A.or B.since C.for D.but
解析：答案为D。本题考查并列连词or、for、but和从属连词的意义和用法。并列连词or通常表示选择关系；for表示因果关系；but表示转折关系；从属连词since表示原因。通过比较前后两个分句意思可知，它们是转折关系。
4. After she considered the problem, she got a tall box to stand ________.
A.on B.up C.above D.by
解析：答案为A。不定式“to stand + 介词”作定语修饰a tall box,其中被修饰词在逻辑意义上是不及物动词，只有加上吊尾介词，句子意思才完整。吊尾介词往往由于受到汉语的影响而缺少，吊尾介词使用的场合有：
（1）定语从句中，先行词被一个不及物动词所修饰，不及物动词后要接介词，先行词被“动词 + 介词”组成的短语动词所修饰，介词常在句尾。
He is the man I just spoke to.
(2)what、whose、who、whatever等引导的宾语从句，宾语从句出现吊尾介词。
I can’t imagine what it is like.
(3) 强调句型，特殊疑问句中由于被强调部分和疑问词位置变更，常出现吊尾介词。
It was the poor boy that we gave the books to.
What for? Where to? Who with?
(4)不及物动词的不定式修饰表“涉及对象、场合、工具、方式、材料”等意义的名词时常带吊尾介词。
a room to live in, a bench to sit on
There is nothing to worry about.
She is a good girl to work with.
(5)某些形容词后接不定式或“动词 + 介词”型短语，动词的不定式形式表“反射”，常用吊尾介词。
①fit、easy、hard、comfortable、difficult、heavy等形容词后。
②The river is good to swim in.
The box is too heavy to carry.
③be worth doing sth.,be worthy of being done / to be done, want/
require / need doing
介词与连词
1．We offered him our congratulations his passing the college entrance exams．
A．at B．0n C．for D．of
2．Let’s walk over--the sun．
A．in B．to C．under D．by
3．We’re all going to the games．Why don’t you come ?
A．up B．across C．along D．to
4．If you are worried about the problem，you should do something it．
A．about B．for C．against D．with
5．I wanted two seats Madame Curie for Friday night，so I rang the cinema to see if I could book two tickets．
A．of B．about C．to D．for
6．He thought the jar made of earth little value and 1et me have it only one dollar．
A．with；for B．of；for C．of；by D．with；by
7．We can’t feel that we are going forward as everythjng us is moving the same speed．
A．around；at B．around；with C．before；at D．with；in
8．The two rings are so alike that it is difficult to tell one the other．
A．very；to B．much；to C．much；from D．very；from
9．It’s so nice to go out for a walk a cool nice summer evening．
A．in B．on C．for D．a
10．He decided to the matter himself．
A．look through B.look into C．look after D．look up
11．I ran an old friend of mine yesterday，whom I hadn’t seen for ages．
A．across B．cross C．after D．for
12．The scientist is well known us his great achievement．
A．to；for B．by；for C．by；as D．to；in
13．This article is quite me．There are too many new words
A．above B．against C．upon D．beyond
14．Does John know any other foreign languages French？
A．except B．but C．besides D．beside
15．She thought I was talking about her daughter， ，in fact，I was talking about my daughter．
A．whom B．where C．which D．while
16．They were surprised that a child should work out the problem they themselves couldn’t．
A．once B．then C．while D．if
17．My name is Robert， most of my friends call me Bob for short．
A．then B．instead C．however D．but
18．-I don’t like reading watching TV．What about you?
-I don’t like reading all day， I 1ike watching TV plays．
A．and；but B．and；and C．or；and D．or；but
19．It was raining hard， ，the peasants went on with their work．
A．but B．and C．however D．although
20．-What do you want those old boxes?
-To put things in when I move to the new flat．
A．by B．for C．of D．with
介词与连词
1-5 BACAD 6-10 BACBB 11-15 AADCD 16-20 CDDCC
篇8：英语高考复习讲与练（21）短文改错
一、考点聚焦
1、题型特点
（1）词法内容。包括名词、代词的数与格，反身代词，动词时态语态，非谓语动词、短语动词的用法，不规则动词的变化形式，形容词的比较级，形容词副词的区别，介词的误用等。
（2）句法内容。包括主谓一致、指代一致，并列连词，从属连词等引导各种从句的关联词语，感叹句，疑问句，祈使句的结构等。
（3）行文逻辑。包括句子的肯定、否定、推理、判断等。
二、应试技巧点拨
（1）通读全文，了解文章主旨大意，确定文章的题材、体裁，把握文章的背景知识。
（2）逐句分析，把握结构。粗略分析词法、句法、逻辑上是否有问题。
（3）逐行修改，先易后难。
（4）复读全文，验证答案。一要注意错误点的分散与比例，二要注意答题是否合乎规范。
2、改错歌诀
现将本书编写者总结的短文改错歌诀提供给大家，希望有所帮助。
短文改错要做好，常见类型应记牢。
名词爱考“数”与“格”，冠词在前“错”“多”“少”。
动词时态和语态，非谓语搭配莫错了。
连代形副错一样，多是故意来混淆。
介词多半搭配，多漏误用想周到。
句法涉及到“一致”①，从句多考关系词。
词法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找。
“1126”惯常比②，回读复查敲定稿。
注：①“一致”：包括主谓一致，代词及相应的限定词在数、性、称方面的一致，主语与主语补语，宾语和宾语补语的一致等。 ②“1126”：指的是通常10个题项有一处是正确的，一处（或两处）属多余，两处（或一处）需补加成分，6处需更改。当然，此非“定势”，仅作参考。
三、错误类型
笔者对以来的高考英语改错题作了细致的分析并加以归类后，发现错误类型主要集中在以下方面。(为了既节省篇幅，又方便读者查阅原题，本文从历年的高考英语短文改错题中抽出句子为例，并在例句后注上出自哪一年的第几小题，如(.86)意为该例句出自19高考英语改错题的第86小题。另外，例句中非属某特定错误类型的错误已被笔者改正。)
1、动词时态
从过去6年的高考英语改错题来看，每年都有时态错误的小题，而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据。
(1)They offered me coffee and other drinks.We have a
good time talking and laughing together. had(1996.92)
(2)Dear Bob，
Hello.I learn about you from my English teacher Miss
Fang. learned(.86)
(3)My favorite sport is football.I was a member of our
school football team. am(.86)
(4)I am happy with any programme but the others spent a
lot time arguing... was(.92)
(5)I remembered her words and calm down.
calmed(.83)
(6)They did not want me to do any work at home；they want
me to devote all my time to my studies so that...
do(.79)
(7)The time passes quickly.Evening came.
passed(.82)
2、名词单复数
单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一，改动的依据有：一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份；二是根据上下文的逻辑关系。
(1)They were eager to know everything about China and
asked me lots of question. questions(1996.94)
(2)We study quite a few subject，such as
maths，Chinese，English and physics. subjects(1997.91)
(3)We practise three times every week and often watch
football match on TV together. matches(1998.88)
(4)She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me
success，but... schoolmates(2000.77)
(5)...；they want me to devote all my time to my studies
so that I'll get good marks in
all my subject. subjects(2001.81)
(6)On the way up I was busy taking picture since the
scenery was so beautiful. pictures(2002.82)
3、句子结构
句子结构方面的错误范围庞大，解答高考英语改错题主要可以从以下几方面来思考：1)句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2)单词的词性与其在句中的功能是否相符；3)复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。
(1)They∧eager to know everything about China and asked
me lots of questions.(形容词不能单独作谓语) were(1996.93)
(2)I'd like to∧your penfriend，and get to know more
about your country. be/become(1997.87)
(“I'd like to...”中的“to”为动词不定式的标志词，其后必须加动词原型)
(3)I live in Beijing，where is the capital of China.
which(1997.89)
(关系词在定语从句中作主语，应该用关系代词)
(4)What∧your favourite sport？
is(1997.94)
(“主系表”结构中缺少连系动词)
(5)I look forward to hear from you soon.
hearing(1997.95)
(此句中“to”为介词，其后必须加名词，代词或动名词等相当于名词的词)
(6)Play football not only makes us grow up tall and
strong but also... Playing(1998.89)
(动词不能作主语)
(7)Also，the sport teaches us the important of
obedience(服从). importance(1998.93)
(形容词“important”不能作动词“teaches”的直接宾语)
(8)I was often a little tired after a day's work and
watch TV demands very little effort.
watching(1999.88)
(同(6)，动词不能作主语)
(9)Unfortunate，there are too many people in my family.
Unfortunately(1999.89)
(作为全句的状语，应该用“Unfortunate”的副词形式)
(10)...but it didn't matter that I would win or not.
whether(2000.78)
(由一般疑问句演变而来的主语从句，应由whether引导)
(11)My parents love me dearly of course and will do all
they can∧make sure that I get a good education.
to(2001.78)
(此句中“all they can”为“all that they can do”的省略形式，“to make
sure that...”为动词不定式短语作目的状语)
(12)...，but we do not seem to get much time to talk
about together. about(2001.83)
(介词“about”后无宾语，此介词多余)
(13)It was about noon∧we arrived at the foot of the
mountain. when(2002.78)
(复合句的两个分句之间缺少连词)
4、赘述
高考英语改错题中的赘述是指在一些固定表达中或从上下文逻辑来看用了多余的词，从而使句子表达不合规范或造成逻辑上的重复。(注：带下划线的词为多余的词，即需删去的词)
(1)Today I visited the Smiths-my first time visit to an
American family. time(1996.86)
(2)In fact，they are planning to visit China in next
year. in(1996.95)
(3)First，let me tell you something more about myself.
more(1997.88)
(4)We practise for three times every week and often
watch football match on TV together. for(1998.87)
(5)Now I can't watch much television，but a few years ago
I was used to watch it every night.much(1999.86)
(6)Whenever I see them I will often think of my English
teacher. often(2000.85)
(7)I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my
head touched the pillow. at(2002.85)
5、固定结构(固定句型、固定短语、固定搭配)
所谓固定结构是指英语中一些不能随意更改的习惯表达。如固定短语中的词不能冗缺，固定搭配要前后一致等。
(1)It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway
station and drove me to their home. of(1996.88)
(2)I use to play ping -pong a lot in my sparetime，but...
used(1997.92)
(3)Some wanted to see the programme while others
preferred another. one(1999.91)
(4)...but the others spent a lot∧time arguing and ...
of(1999.93)
(5)When I was on the stage the next day，I felt so
nervous as I shook like a leaf. that(2000.80)
(6)Suddenly，I caught a sight of my English teacher in
the crowd. a(注：a为需删去的词)(2000.81)
(7)Like most of my schoolmates，I have neither brothers
nor sisters-in any other words，I am an only child.
any(any需为删去的词)(2001.77)
6、冠词
英语中冠词只有三个，从高考英语改错题的角度来看，只能从以下几个方向出题：1)不定冠词a和an互改；2)不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3)根据需要增删冠词。
(1)Today I visited the Smiths-my first visit to a
American family. an(1996.87)
(2)Each player must obey∧captain，who is the leader of
the team. the(1998.94)
(3)Suddenly，I caught a sight of my English teacher in
the crowd. a(注：a为需删去的词)(2000.81)
(4)We may be one family and live under a same
roof，but... the(2001.82)
(5)As everyone knows，it's∧famous mountain with all kinds
of plants and animals. a(2002.76)
7、代词
代词不仅要与其所指代对象一致，其运用还要符合上下文的语气及逻辑关系。
(1)The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.
their(1996.90)
(2)And they must not break the rules too often if we
want to win the game. we(1998.95)
(3)Now someone at home reads instead.
everyone/everybody(1999.95)
(4)The day before the speech contest∧English teacher
talked to me. my(2000.76)
(5)It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the
mountain.The three of them were very excited.
us(2002.79)
8、连词及与并置问题
连词连接的前后两部分是否合乎逻辑；并列连词所连接的前后两部分结构是否等同。这两点是解答与连词及其相关问题的高考英语改错题的关键所在。
(1)It was very kind of them to meet me at the station
and drove me to their home. drive(1996.89)
(2)Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and
strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team
spirit. gives(1998.90)
(3)She was smiling but nodding at me. and(2000.82)
(4)I remembered her words and clam down.
calmed(2000.83)
(5)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a
guest. or(2001.84)
(6)The food was expensive and the service was good.
but(2002.80)
(7)As we climbed the mountain，we fed monkeys，visiting
temples and told stories. visited(2002.83)
9、易混淆的词或词组
易混淆的词既包括词意相同或相近的同义词、近义词，也包括外形相似、意义有别的词组。易混淆词或词组的辨析也是高考改错题中不容忽视的部分。
(1)...but now I am interesting in football.
interested(1997.93)
(2)We must keep in mind that we play for the team
instead∧ourselves. of(1998.92)
(3)Now I can't watch television，but a few years ago I
was used to watch it every night.
was(注：was为需删去的词)(1999.87)
(4)Unfortunately，there are too many people among my
family. in(1999.90)
(5)They did not want me to do any work at family；they
want me to... home(2001.80)
(6)Do they really understand their daughter？What things
are in other homes，I wonder. How(2001.85)
(7)Evening came down. down(注：down为需删去的词)(2002.83)
以上错误类型的划分不一定很科学，但至少能为考生解答高考英语改错题提供思考方法。一旦考生认清了高考英语改错题的特点、解题方法以及错误类型，解题时就不会盲目从事，而能做到有的放矢。
高考改错口诀
（一） 见到谓语找主语，主谓一致找状语
见到名词想多数，可不可数要记牢
见到平行看结构，形式功能要对称
见到代词找指代，指代通常不合理
小小of常抓的点，of前名词adj最高级
（二） 谓与非谓经常混, 谓语句中就一个
其余动词非谓语, 常见形式有三种
ving ved 和to do, 主宾通常ving
现在分词表主动, 过去分词表被动
目的要用不定式, 改错要想拿高分
语法口诀要记牢
（三） 规则是说谎 lie lied lied
不规则是躺 lie lay lain
躺过就下蛋 lay laid laid
下蛋不规则
英语短文改错的八个技巧
1． 先将全文通读一遍，弄清文章大意。
2． 判断对错不但要从本行、本句，还要纵观全文。
3． 多词处记住在该词上划斜线。
4． 缺词、错词处别忘了在原文中做记号。
5． 一般的情况下有一个肯定是对的，有一两个是填词或者删词，大多数是改词。
6． 留心逻辑的错误，尤其是动词、人称代词，肯定、否定等。
7． 遇到没把握的地方，千万不要顺便改动。
8． 注意考点分布的广泛性。如名词单复数的变化、代词、形容词等。另外动词时态容易出题，再就是逻辑方面
四、专项练习
01
In Feb. 2nd 1979, China’s Vice-premier 76．
Deng Xiaoping was at a visit to the U.S. 77．
He was in the space flight center near to Houston 78．
Texas. Sat in the pilot’s seat of a model of 79．
a space shuttle（航天飞机）,he was
asked to touch a button 80．
to make it landing on the earth from 81．
a height of 95,000 feet, that he did. From 82．
windows of the craft, he could see the earth 83．
coming up to meet him as a returned space pilot 84．
would see it. Millions of people in both China and
the US watch this on TV with delight. 85．
02
Some Americans judge success on the length 76．
of his vacations . The man who gets a month’s 77．
vacation each year consider himself more successful 78．
than the man gets two weeks . Many people want 79．
to be teachers because it is teachers who can 80．
get three-month vacation every year . Some college 81．
teachers who teach the three classes consider 82．
themselves less successful than that who teach 83．
only one or two , or none in all . In short , the less 84．
work Americans do , the less successful they 85．
consider themselves .
03
A man with two bad burned ears went to see 76．
his doctor. “What has happened on you?” asked the 77．
doctor. “Well, my wife is ironing while 78．
I was watching a ball game on TV. She put on the 79．
hot iron near the telephone then my phone 80．
rang. I answered the iron instead of the phone.” 81．
The doctor nodded. “But what had 82．
happened to other ear?” The man said, “Hardly had 83．
I hanged up, when the same person called up 84．
again.” The doctor can’t help laughing when he heard this. 85．
04
Dear classmates,
Now I’d like to tell you why I learn English. I often 56._____________
read English aloud and try learn something important by 57. ____________
hearts, which helps me remember it easily and form 58. ____________
the good habit of thinking in English. I listen to a lot and 59. ____________
talk with others in English. In this way, I was improved 60. ____________
my spoken English. I keep a diary in English every day but 61. ____________
my writhing English is becoming better and better. I also try 62. ____________
my best to master the necessary grammar. With this means, 63. ____________
I can express myself in English correct. That’s the way I 64. ____________
have been learning English. I hope it will be useful to you. 65. _____________
That’s all. Thank you.
05
Dear Li Ming
I have received your letter just now. Don’t worry about me. 86．____________
I’m getting on well with my research works in the lab. But 87．____________
to my surprise you say you will give up learn English. 88．____________
The reason is because you have not done well in it recently 89．____________
and you have lost interesting. I’m afraid I can’t agree with 90．____________
you. I know it is not easy to learn English, and English 91．____________
is widely used in the world today and it will be important 92．____________
tool in their future work. Besides, it is becoming more 93．____________
and more important in our daily life. If you study hard, and 94．____________
you will succeed. Do remember that where there is a will there 95．____________
is a way. I’m looking forward to hearing good news from you.
06
Dear Mary,
I have received your E-mail just now. Don’t worry about me. 76.
I’m getting on well with my research works in the lab. But 77.
to my surprise you say you will give up learn English. 78.
The reason is because you have not done well in it recently 79.
and you have lost interest. I’m afraid I couldn’t agree with 80.
you . I know it is not easy to learn English, and English 81.
is widely used in the world today and it will be important 82.
tool in their future work. Besides, it is becoming more 83.
and more important in our daily life. If you study hard, and 84.
you will succeed. Do remember that where there is a will there 85.
is a way. I’ m looking forward to hearing good news from you. 86.
07
A boy who was cleaning the shoes in the street said to 76．
a young man passed by , “Let me clean your boots . It’ll 77．
spend you only a penny .” But the young man refused. Then 78．
the boy told him that he will clean his boots for nothing . 79．
The young man agreed , and soon a boot shining brightly . 80．
Then he put the other boot on the box , and the boy refused 81．
to clean it unless he was paid two pence for his work . The 82．
young man refused to pay for anything and went away . But 83．
the well-cleaning boot made the dirty one so bad that he 84．
couldn't walk on . He returned back and gave the boy two pence . 85．
08
I still remember my middle school life in Tianjin yet. 76.
I was then in a school for Students from Tibet. As we were all left 77.
Home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life .We had to do the 78.
Washing, cleaning and shopping by us. 79.
However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly. We enjoyed our happy life 80.
At weekends, we would play basketball,
swimming in the pool or go for a picnic. 81.
We were living in a big family. We treat each other as brothers and sisters. 82.
If any one of us had any difficulty in 83.
Our life and study, the other would help him out. 84.
It has been five years when we graduated, 85.
but those memories are as sweet as ever before
09
While visiting France, we decide to do some shopping. 76.
Not far the hotel there was a shop with all kinds 77.
of clothing hang up. When we went into the shop, 78.
a woman came up and asked that she could help us, 79.
so we said that we would like to look around on our 80.
own. She looked at us rather strange. Not having 81.
found anything we needed, we thanked the woman 82.
and was left. Suddenly my husband started to laugh, 83.
pointing to the small sign in English, which read: 84.
“DRY-CLEANING SHOP. As you are a smoker, please 85.
don't smoke here.”
10
Dear Elli，
I'm a senior student．I like make friends with 76．____
people and I do my best to get on well to everyone． 77．____
But last week I found that one of my friend 78．____
wrote in her English diary that she unliked me． 79．____
She doesn't want to be my friend anyway．Now 80．____
she has started making fun of me because of I'm 81．____
fat．I am kind to her but why can't she be friend 82．____
towards me？My other problem is trying to lose weight． 83．____
Do I do more exercises？Use pills？And do you 84．____
know any other way？Please give me some advices． 85．____
11
I got to the stadium early so as to find my seat easy . 76.
The performance begin at 7:30 p. m., when all 77.
the seats were taken. We, the audience, were so excited by 78.
the special sound of heavy metal which we couldn’t 79.
help crying and jump. Suddenly I heard the sharp sound 80.
of an Ambulance and saw a young man taken out of a stadium. 81.
He must have injured in the excitement, but this didn’t stop 82.
the concert. It was still went on smoothly. When the 83.
performance was over, the singer thanked us to our 84.
enthusiasm(热情)and support .We kept cheering for him
some time. To tell truth , I’m really crazy about the 85.
heavy metal music. I’m sure I’ll be a fan of this popular type of music.
12
It was fine yesterday. The sun was shining in the
sky. I went boating by myself. I didn’t take many 76．
friends with me because I wanted to row alone. 77．
I hired a boat and rowed slowly to the center of lake. 78．
A fresh breeze was blowing, fish was swimming and birds 79．
were singing. When I reached the center, I took up the 80．
paddles（桨）and lie down in the boat. With the blue sky 81．
over me or green water around me I was extremely 82．
relaxed. Over about two hours passed in this way before I 83．
knew them. I came back home very late. I didn’t feel 84．
tiring at all, for I had really had a good time. 85．
13
Rowena and Billy Wrangler are model high school
students. They study hard. They do extreme well on 76. _______
achievement tests. And next year, Rowena will attending 77. _______
Harvard University. Billy, her younger brother, hope to go 78. _______
to Cornell. That makes Rowena and Billy different from 79. _______
most students is that they don’t go to school. In fact, 80. _______
they’ve never been to school. Since a kindergarten, they 81. _______
have studied at home. Neither Rowena or Billy feels as if 82. _______
they have missed out on nothing by being taught at home. 83. _______
As many of the more than one million people who receive 84. _______
home schooling in the United States, they feel if they 85. _______
have gotten a good education.
14
Mr Smith had neither wife nor children. He liked nothing but 76.________
drinking. He almost spent all of his money drinks. Sometimes he 77.________
was hungry but had to borrow some money to buy a little food. 78.________
One evening he met a friend of him in the street. The man 79.________
asked him to have dinner in a restaurant. He was very happy 80.________
that he drank too much. His friend stopped a taxi and ask 81.________
the driver to take him home. Soon they reached in the door of 82.________
his house. The taxi went away. But he couldn’t put the key into 83.________
the keyhole. Just then a policeman went up, offering to help him 84.________
but he refused. “The house is circled now. If you can stop it 85.________
moving, I can open the door myself,” he said.
15
I often read English aloud and trying to learn something 76. _______
important in heart. It helps me remember what I have learned 77. _______
and form good habit of thinking in English. I listen78. _______
a lot and communicate with the others in English. 79. _______
In this way, I improved both my listening ability and my80. _______
speaking English. I keep a diary in English every 81. _______
day and my written English is becoming better and 82. _______
better. I also try my best master the necessary grammar 83. _______
knowledge. By this means, I can express me 84. _______
correctly. That' s why I have been learning English. 85. _______
16
January 18, Monday Snow
Today was the first day of the winter 76. ________
holiday. I lay on the bed think of the things 77. ________
I could do them. I would spend two weeks 78. ________
doing my homework and had a chance to 79. ________
study some subject I loved. When I felt tired, 80. ________
I would drop in on my friends. And when I 81. ________
realized I had a lot of homework do for the 82. ________
holiday, I am very disappointed. I would 83. ________
never be able to finish before the new term. 84. ________
Oh, my God! How can I real enjoy my holiday? 85. ________
17
Dear Bob,
I must say that I do agree with you. Though you find 76
something, but it doesn't mean it belongs to you. If you 77.
can find who it belongs to, you should try to return back 78.
it. I'm sure you would want someone to do same for 79.
you. Once I found a beautiful picture. I wanted to keep 80.
It. Then I remembered see one just like it in an office. 81.
I went to the office and found the person to who it 82.
belonged. The lady was very happy to get back and 83.
gave me delicious apples. So you see, Bob, I get two 84.
rewards: one I could eat and another I could keep in 85.
my heart.
18
Dear friends,
Thank you so much for inviting me to stay with 76．
you while I am in the UK. I will always remember 77．
your kindness. It was great for me to final use 78．
English in the “realworld”. I was also glad for that 79．
I could experience a different climate, so I was 80．
really unprepared for cold of the English winter! 81．
If I had to do all again, I would certainly try to 82．
find out as many as I could about the weather of 83．
a country after going to study there next time! 84．
Thanks again for everything. I do have a great time. 85．
Kind regards,
19
Dear Abby:
How are you? I’ve got a wonderful news to tell you 76. ________
I have offered a scholarship at a university in Australia for my 77. ________
further education. One hundred and twenty students took exam 78. ________
for it, but only a few were chosen and I was one of them. Therefore,79. ________
my parents are not happy about it. They are strong against my 80. ________
going there. They say it is too far away that they will not see me 81. ________
for a whole year and they are afraid of I will feel lonely. They 82. ________
can’t imagine a girl so young live alone. They advise me to study 83. ________
in the capital instead. Then I’ll be able to continue living with them.84. ________
How can I persuade them to accept the fact I have grown up? 85. ________
20
Dear Kang Li,
I haven’t heard you for a long time. How 76._______
are you? I had just finished the exams. Now I’m 77._______
glad I have time to write for you. Our teacher 78._______
tells us that China is a big country has the 79._______
most population in the world. It’s on the other 80._______
side of the world. Now the sun is shining bright 81._______
here and perhaps you’re sleeping in the dark 82._______
night . I wish to know anything more about the 83._______
Chinese way of living. I wonder at if you can 84._______
tell me about it in next letter. Please write soon. 85._______
21
When I found out that my train would three hours 76.________
late, I changed my idea and would get a bus instead. 77.________
I was about to rush out of the train station while a 78.________
well-dressed old man took me by my arm, “Young 79.________
lady,” said the gentleman, “Shouldn't you find out 80.________
the bus schedule (时刻表) before you rush out catch the 81.________
bus?” I stared at him with my mouth opened. How did 82.________
he read my mind? Before I can say a word, he added, 83.________
“You see, my train is also running late. A same idea 84.________
came to me. But I think a good conversation that can 85.________
help pass the time. Before you know it, your train will be there.”
22
The former White House cook stopped working last April. He cooked
in traditional French way. His food tasted well, but contained a 76. ________
lot of fat. Doctors say this is not healthier. Welter Scheib. 77. ________
the new chief cook, will have a medical doctor as adviser. 78. ________
Dr Dean Ornish is a heart specialist and writer. He says foods 79. ________
can be low in fat and still delicious. The President’s wife 80. ________
Hillary Clinton chose Mr Scheib after tasted his cooking. She 81. ________
wanted fewer fat in the food she ate in the White house. 82. ________
She wanted to eat more fresh vegetables, and including vegetable 83. ________
pies without the use of chemical. The First Lady would also 84. ________
like the White House to serve more America food. 85. ________
23
Scientists hope that if we can discover that the 76.
brain works, we will be able to put them to better use. 77.
For example, how do we learn language? Man 78.
differ from all the other animals in his ability 79.
to learn and use language, but we still do know 80.
exactly how this is done. Some children study to 81.
speak and read quickly than others. But scientists 82.
are not sure of why this happens. They are trying 83.
to find out whether there is anything
to do with the way by which 84.
we teach children's language. 85.
24
Good health is the person's most valuable possession. 76.
Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it was the 77.
past. Modern people know more than health, 78.
have better food, and live in clean surroundings. 79.
Also, scientists and doctors had learned how to deal with 80.
many diseases. Most people can quickly get for help 81.
from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. As a 82.
result, people in the modem world generally live longer 83.
than people used to. People in developing countries can 84.
expect to live for twice as long as people lived a few 85.
hundred years ago.
25
One evening, I was returning alone the place where I 76. ______
lived, while I found a man-eating tiger, which was 77. ______
getting on ready to jump on me. What could I do then? 78. ______
Should I jump into the river and hope to save my living 79. ______
by swimming? I looked to right. In the river there was 80. ______
a big crocodile waited to welcome me with its mouth wide 81. ______
open. I was so frightening that I shut my eyes. 82. ______
I heard branches moving as the tiger jumped. I opened my 83. ______
eyes. What do you think had been happened? The tiger 84. ______
had jumped right over me or was now in the jaws of the crocodile! 85. ______
26
The village was always very quiet. The people lived there 76. ________
were busy working in their fields during the day, and 77. ________
went to bed early at night, tiring after a long day's hard 78. ________
work. All of them had lived in a village all their 79. ________
lives and have never left for more than one day at a time. 80. ________
During these days they left, they got up early in the morning. 81. ________
They filled their carts with fruits and vegetables and sheeps 82. ________
and went on the market in the town beyond their valley.83. ________
They came back in the evening and with some money and perhaps 84. ________
a present for their children. That was life--hard yet 85. ________
simple, but not unhappy.
27
It would be difficult to imagine modern life with 76.__________
The telephone. It has become an useful instrument 77.__________
Of communication, save much time and travel by enabling 78.__________
People to talk to one another over great distances. 79.__________
Nowadays it is just about as easy to talk cross a 80.__________
Continent, or even overseas, it is to talk to one’s 81.__________
Nextdoor neighbor. However, it is emergencies that 82.__________
Telephone really proves its useful. When there is 83.__________
A fire, and when someone is suddenly taken ill, the 84.__________
First thing one thinks of it is “where is the nearest phone?” 85.__________
28
How much times do you spend with your parents? 76．
When did you last tell them what is on your mind? 77．
Your parents are your dearest people in the world 78．
when you are young. And they always care of you 79．
deep. But even though many children still love 80．
their mum and dad ,families may become more close 81．
as you get older .The end of the year is a time for families 82．
to get together .Have you ever thought what you can 83．
show your parents that you love them ?Find chance 84．
and do something for them or to have a sincere talk with 85． them. If you can do this ,your parents will be very happy.
29
At the first time in my life I was interviewed 76.
by an university professor for a teaching position at 77.
a high school. I was very excited that as soon as we sat 78.
down then I started to introduce myself in English 79.
before I asked to. But to my puzzlement, I saw, out of 80.
the corner of his eye, that the professor was becoming 81.
impatient. He said my spoken English had contained 82.
too many bad idioms and non-American expression. 83.
I felt hurt and discourage. I stood up in silence and 84.
made for the door. Three years have passed but the job 85.
interview still remains fresh in my mind.
30
Since you are very interested in Beijing Opera , I had managed 76．
to get for you a ticket for tonight’s performance . It’s worth 77．
watching because it is performed by several famous player . 78．
The performance is in Lu Xun Theater . I came to give you a ticket , 79．
but you happened to out . I have to leave you a note . To get to the 80．
theatre , we can take the bus just in front of the school gate 81．
and get off at the second bus-stop . If you want to walk to there , 82．
just go westward along Beijing Road , and turn to the right 83．
while you reach Friendship Road . You will see Lu Xun Theatre 84．
on the right . It won’t spend you long . You can’t miss it . 85．
答案:
01
76. In-On 77. at-on 78.删去to 79. Sat-Sitting/Seated 80. ∨ 81. landing-land 82. that-which 83. windows前加the 84. returned-returning 85.watch-watched
02
76．on-by 77．his-their 78．consider-considers 79．the man-the man who 80．√81．get-get a 82．删去the 83．that-those 84．in- at 85．less-more
03
76. bad-badly 77. on-to 78. is-was 79. 删去on 80. then-when 81. √ 82. had-has 83. to后加the 84. hanged-hung 85. can’t-couldn’t
04
56. why- how 57.try后加to 58.hearts－heart 59.去掉to 60.was－have 61.but－and
62.writing－written 63.With－By 64.correct－correctly 65.正确
05
86. 删去have 87. works-work 88. learn-learning 89. because-that 90.interesting-interest 91. and-but 92. be后加an 93. their-your 94. 删去and 95. √
06
1.a city-the city 2.去掉being 3.before-after 4.names-name
5.that--where 6. In-After 7.explain---explain to 8.however-but/yet
9.that-what 10.∨
07
76．去掉第一个the 77．passed 改passing 78．spend 改cost
79．will 改would 80．boot 后加was 或shining 改shone 81．and 改but 82．正确 83．去掉for 84．well-cleaning 改well-cleaned 85．returned 改turned 或去掉back
08
76．去掉yet 77．去掉were 78．At early age - at an early age 79．us - ourselves
80．helplessly - helpless 81．Swimming - swim 82．treat - treated 83．正确
84．other - others 85．when - since
09
76．decide→decided 77．the前加from 78．hang→hanging 79．that→if/ whether
80．so→but 81．strange→strangely 82．√ 83．去掉was 84．the→a 85．As→If
10
76．make→making 77．第二个to→ with78．friend→friends 79．unliked→disliked 80．anyway→anymore 81．去掉第二个of 82．friend→friendly 83．√84．And→Or 85．advices→advice
11
76. easy – easily 77. begin–began 78. √ 79. which–that 80. jump – jumping
81. a – the 82. have∧been 83.was 84. to – for 85. tell ∧the
12
76．many→any; 77．row→be; 78．of^lake→the; 79．第二个was→were; 81．√；
81．lie→lay; 82．or→and 83．去掉about; 84．them→it; 85．tiring→tired.
13
76. extreme－extremely 77. will －will be / attending－attend 78. hope －hopes
79. That－What 80. right 81. a kindergarten－kindergarten 82. or－nor 83. nothing－anything 84. As－Like 85. if－as if
14
76. wife→a wife 77. money ∧ →on 78. but→and 79. him→his 80. very→so
81. ask→asked 82.in（删去） 83.√ 84.went→came 85.circled→circling
15
76. trying→try或去掉and 77. in→by 78.form后加the/a 79. 去掉the
80. I后加have 81. speaking→spoken 82.√ 83. best后加to
84. me→myself 85. why→how
16
76.√ 77. think→thinking 78.去掉 them 79. had→have 80. subject→subjects
81.And→But 82. do→to do 83.am→was 84. finish→finish it 85.real→really
17
76．do-don’t或者agree---disagree 77．去掉but 78．去掉back 79．d0八same，the 80．√ 81．see一seeing 82．Who-whom 83．get八back，it 84．get-got 85．a．．Another-one
18
76．√ 77．am→was 78．final→finally 79．去掉for 80．so→although 81．for∧cold, the 82．do∧all, it 83．many→much 84．after→before 85．do→did
19
76.a wonderful news→wonderful news 77.have offered→have been offered
78.exam→exams 或在exam 前加 the 79.Therefore→However
80.strong→strongly 81 .too→so 82.afraid of→afraid(that) 83.live→living
84.√ 85.fact→fact that
20
76. heard后加 from 77. had---have 78. for---to 79. has前加that 或which
80. most---largest 81. bright---brightly 82. and---but 83. anything---something
84. 去掉at 85. √
21
76. would后加 be 77. get→ take 78. while → when 79. my→ the 80. √
81. catch前加 to 82. opened →open 83. can→could 84. A→The 85. 去掉 that
22
76. well 改为good 77. healthier 改为healthy 78. adviser 前加an 79.√ 80. and 改为but 81. tasted 改为tasting 82. fewer 改为less 83. and 去掉 84. chemical 改为chemicals 85. America 改为American
23
76. 第二个that→how 77. them→it 78. √ 79. differ→differs 80. do ∧→∧not 81. study→learn 82. read ∧→∧ more 83. → of 84. by→in 85. children's→children
24
76．the→a 77．was∧→∧in 78．√ 79．clean→cleaner 80．had→have 81．去掉for 82．since→when 83．去掉the 84．developing→developed 85．去掉for
25
76. alone－alone to 77. while－when 78. getting on－getting 79. living－life
80. right－the right 81. waited－waiting 82. frightening－frightened 83. no error
84. had been－had 85. or－and
26
76.people 后加 who lived→living 77. √ 78.tiring→tired 79.a→the
80.have→had 81 .days后加when 82.sheeps→sheep 83.on→to
84. 第一个 and去掉 85.yet→and
27
76.with---without 77.an-a 78.save-saving 79.正确 80.cross-across
81.it前加as 82. is后加in 83.useful-useless 84. and---or 85.it去掉
28
76.times-time 77.is-was 78. √ 79.of-for 80. deep-deeply 81.more-less 82.you-they 83. what-how 84.find后加the 85.删去to
29
76、At→For 77、an→a 78、very→so 79、去掉then 80、asked前加had 81、his→my 82、去掉had 83、expression→expressions 84、discourage→discouraged 85、√
30
76.had-have 77.删去for 78.player-players 79.a-the 80.to后加be 81.we-you 82.删去to 83. √ 84. while-when 85.spend-take
篇9：高考复习讲与练（2）It 用 法
一、考点聚焦
1、it的基本用法
（1）用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。
The train has arrived. It arrived half an hour ago.
（2）用以代替提示代词this, that。
-What’s this? -It’s a knife.
-Whose watch is that? -It’s mine.
（3）起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。
-Who is knocking at the door? -It’s me.
（4）指环境情况等。
It was very noisy (quiet) at the very moment.
（5）指时间、季节等。
-What time is it? -It’s eight o’clock.
It often rains in summer here.
（6）指距离。
It is a long way to the school.
（7）作形式主语。
It is not easy to finish the work in two days.
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
It is as pity that you didn’t read the book.
（8）作形式宾语。
I think it no use arguing with him.
I found it very interesting to study English.
He made it clear that he was not interested in that subject.
（9）用于强调结构。
It was Xiaoming whom(that)I met in the street last night.
It was in the street that I met Xiaoming last night.
It ws last night that I met Xiaoming in the street.
It was I who met Xiaoming in the street last night.
2、含有“It is …”的句型
（1）It is time (for sb.) to do sth.
It is (high) time that sb. did sth.(虚拟语气)
（2）It is + 形容词（+of / for sb.）+ to do sth.
通常用 of的词有brave、clever、careful、hopeless、kind、good、naughty、nice、silly、stupid、foolish、wise等。
（3）It is + 形容词 + that + sb. + (should) do sth.（虚拟语气）
能用于这个句型的形容词有strange、wonderful、natural、good、proper、right、wrong、well、fortunate、important、necessary、useless、likely、probable、impossible等。有时可省去should而直接用动词原形。如：
It is important that we should pay close attention to grain.
It is natural that he（should）say so.
（4）It is no use/ good + doing sth.
It is no use trying again = It is of no use to try again.
（5）It is + 被强调部分 + that/who + …
Was it in the street that you met her?
Who was it that called him“comrade”?
It was not until yesterday that I met my old friend.
It is in a small factory that my brother is going to work.（注意上述各句均为强调句型的“考点”）
比较：It is a small factory where my brother is going to work.（定语从句）
（6）It is said/reported/announced/ (well) known … that…
（7）It is/was + 时间 + since … 从……已多久了。
It is three years since I met him in Beijing.
It was a long time since I (had) lived in that small mountain village with these farmers.（注意两句中的时态）
It is five months since I arrived in New York.我到纽约已经五个月了。
It is five months since I was in New York.我离开纽约已经五个月了。
（注意：终止性动词表示从动作发生时算起；如果是状态动词或持续性动词，则从动作或状态结束时算起。）
（8）It is + 时间 + before …
这个句型和上面句型中时间都是时间段，如long、years、months、weeks、five days、three hours、twenty minutes等。不过主句的时态多用一般将来时或一般过去时。
It will be several years before we meet again.
我们要过好几年才能再见面。
It was not long before they set out for the front.
不久他们就出发去了前线。
（9）It is /was/will be the first/second/third … time that …
It is the first time that I have been here.
It was the second time that he had seen the film.
（10）It is up to sb. to do sth … 应由某人做某事。
It is up to you to decide whether we start or not.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1. _________ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET 1995)
A.There B.This C.That D.It
解析：答案为D。本题考查作形式主语的用法。that引导的从句是真正的主语。为避免头重脚轻而平衡句子结构，将it置于句首作形式主语。
2. I hope there are enough glasse for each guest to have ________.(NMET 1995)
A.it B.those C.them D.one
解析：答案为D。本题考查替代词it和one的区别。it用于替代同类的、特定的、同一的事物；one替代同类的、泛指的人或物。根据题意“我希望有足够的杯子使每个客人有一个。”可知应用one泛指enough glasses中的一个。
3. Was __________ that I saw last night at the concert?
A.it you B.not you C.you D.that yourself
解析：答案为A。本题考查强调句型的疑问式。只须将句序变为陈述句便不难得出答案。
三、常见用法有以下几类：
1、it可用于代替上文中提到的那一个事物。
2、it可用于代替上文中说到的一件事。
3、it可用于代替不知情的人（尤其是不知身份、性别和姓名的人）。
4、it可用于表示时间、天气、距离、计算结果等。
5、it可用于代替不定式、动名词、从句等，充当形式主语。其常用句型为： It---be---adj./ n. / v-ed---to+V/ V-ing/ Clause
6、it 可用于代替不定式、动名词、从句，充当形式宾语，把真正宾语（不定式、动名词、名词或从句）置于句末。其常用句型为： S---Vt---it---adj./ n.---to+V / V-ing /n./ Clause
7、it可用于构成强调句，把一个句子中除谓语以外的句子成分（如主语、宾语、表语、状语等）提到句首加以强调。其构成形式是：It is(was) + 被强调成分（不能改变被强调成分的数和格）+ that/ who+原句剩余部分
8、it常用于一些固定结构中，作无人称代词用，充当主语等。
it用法专题练习1：
1---What’s this? ---_______ a map of China
A.This is B.That’s C.It’s D.There’s
2---Where is my pen? ---_____on the desk.
A.This is B.That’s C.It’s D.There’s
3I was disappointed with the film. I had expected_____to be much better.
A.it B.this C.them D.one
4They often help us with our research. ______kind of them.
A.They are B.You are C.It is D.This is
5Tom’s mother kept telling him to work harder, but______didn’t help.
A.he B.she C.this D.it
6John passed the exam successfully and _____was more than we had expected.
A.he B.it C.this D.there
7---Who’s knocking at the door? ---_____ me.
A.It’s B.I’m C.That’s D.This is
8---Who’s the baby in the photo? ---_____ my brother.
A. This is B.That’s C.It’s D.There’s
9_____ Sunday today. Let’s go for an outing.
A.There is B.It’s C.This is D.That’s
10_____ was raining heavily when the film was over.
A.Weather B.Sky C.It D.There
11______a long way from my home to the school.
A.It is B.This is C.There is D.There has been
12---What’s ten added to six? ---______ sixteen.
A.There is B.It is C.This is D.We have
13_____ important to learn English well.
A.This is B.That’s C.It’s D.There’s
14_______ great fun to play basketball after school.
A.It has B.It is C.This is D.Ther
篇10：高考复习讲与练（1）名词与冠词
名词
一、考点聚焦
1.可数名词单、复数变化形式
（1）规则变化。
①单数名词词尾直接加-s。如：boy - boys, pen - pens。
②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如：glass - glasses,box- boxes, watch - watches, brush - brushes。
特例：stomach - stomaches。
③以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。如：
baby - babies, lady - ladies, fly - flies。
④以“o”结尾的多数加-es。如：tomato - tomatoes, potato - potatoes, hero - heroes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。 如：radio - radios, zoo - zoos, photo - photos, piano - pianos, kilo - kilos, tobacco - tobaccos。
⑤以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-es。如：wife - wives, life - lives, knife - knives, wolf- wolves, self - selves, leaf - leaves等。特例：handkerchief- handkerchiefs, roof - roofs, chief - chiefs, gulf - gulfs, belief - beliefs, cliff - cliffs。
⑥改变元音字母的。如：man - men, mouse - mice, foot - feet,
woman - women, tooth - teeth, goose - geese, ox - oxen。特例：child - children。
⑦复合名词的复数形式。（A）在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。如：armchair - armchairs, bookcase - bookcases, bookstore - book-
stores。（B）man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，前后两个名词都要变成复数。如：man doctor - men doctors, woman driver - women dri-
vers。（C）与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。如：brother-in-law - brothers-in-law, passer-by - passers-by。
⑧有的名词有两种复数形式。如：zero - zeros 、zeroes, deer -
deers 、deer。penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同。如：pence（便士的钱数），pennies(便士的枚数)。
（2）不规则变化。
①单、复数同形。如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese,
Japanese, sheep, works（工厂）,cattle。
②合成名词的复数。如：boy-friend - boy-friends, go-between- go-betweens(中间人)，grown-up - grown-ups。
③有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glasses眼镜，clothes衣服，goods
货物，trousers裤子，belongings所有物,wages工资，riches财富, surroundings环境，ashes灰尘, campasses圆规，cattle家畜，congratulations祝贺，have words with sb. 同某人吵架，in high spirits以很高热情地，give one’s regards to sb.向某人问侯，in rags衣衫破烂，It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事。
④集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people,
cattle, police; 有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看做整体，复数看做集体的各个成员。如：The crew is large.船员人数很多（指整体）；The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了（个体）。
2、不可数名词的数
（1）一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：
①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：
抽象名词（不可数） 具体化（个体名词，可数名词）
in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事
win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事)
win honor赢得荣誉 an honor一个(件)引以为荣的(事)
Failure(失败)is the mother of success a failure失败者
失败是成功之母。
by experience靠经验 an experience一次经历
youth青春 a youth一个青年人
have pity on sb.怜悯某人 a pity可惜的事情
with pleasure乐意 a pleasure乐事
②抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：
A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.
Would you like to have a walk(swim, bath, talk)with me?
It is waste of time reading such a novel.
She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.
(2)物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。如：
①物质名词有形或数的相应物体，有单、复数。如：some coffee一些咖啡，a coffee一杯咖啡，three coffees三杯咖啡，some drink一些饮料, a drink一杯饮料，three drinks三杯饮料，his hair他的头发，a few grey hairs几根白发，glass玻璃，a glass一只玻璃杯。
②物质名词有前置后置修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。
have breakfast The road is covered with snow.
have a wonderful breakfast They have a heavy snow every year.
Time and tide wait for no man.
We had a wonderful time last night.
(3)有复数形式的不可数名词
①有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现，起到一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。如：
Use your brains, please.
They have smoothed away the difficulties.
Have you made preparations for tomorrow’s meeting?
Many thanks for your kindness.
No pains, no gains.
After many failures, they finally succeeded.
②有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。如：
The boy burst into tears at the bad news.
The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.
The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.
3.名词所有格
（1）“’s”所有格的特殊表示形式有：
① 用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，如：today’s
newspaper,five minutes’walk(drive),five pounds’weight, tend
ollars’worth of coffee。
②用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。如：the earth’s planet, the word’s population, China’s industry, New York’s parks。
（2）“of”所有格的特殊表示方式有：
①表示“部分”时，一般在所修饰的名词前有一个表示数量的词（a、two、several、some、no、many等），如：Some students of Mister Zhang’s have gone to college.张老师的一些学生已经上大学了。
②表示“其中之一，其中一部分”的意思时，用：a friend of Tom’s
汤姆的一个朋友（许多朋友中的一位）。
③表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩时，应该用：that/this/these/
those + 名词（单、复数）of Mary’s/yours/his/hers。如：
That invention of hers belongs to the world. 她的那项发明是属于全世界的（表赞赏）。
4、名词作定语
英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。
（1）分类意义。
air pollution 空气污染 boy friend 男朋友
coffee cup咖啡杯 income tax所得税
tennis ball网球 song writer歌曲作家
body language身体语言 road accident交通事故
Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖
（2）时间、地点、称呼等。
Doctor Jack杰克医生 Professor Li李教授
evening school夜校 winter sleep冬眠
street dance 街舞 country music乡村音乐
village people村民 school education学校教育
China problem中国问题
（3）表目的、手段、来源，所属意义。
reception desk接待台 sports field田径场
stone table石桌 color TV彩电
weather report天气预报
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science.
(NMET 2001)
A.an art much as B.much an art as
C.as an art much as D.as much an art as
解析：答案为D。当名词前有what、so、as、too、quite等词修饰时，其形容词被这些词修饰，组成下列结构，如：What a nice book! This is too heavy a box for me to carry. He is not as honest a boy as Mike.等，应采取too/how + 形容词（副词）+ a(an) + 名词的形式。要记住一些类似的特殊结构，并加以分析。
2. The police are offering a __________to anyone who can give information about the lost key.（NMET 1999）
A.price B.prize C.reward D.money
解析：答案为C。price 价格，价钱；prize奖金。D项是钱，属不可数名词，题中所要填的是“酬金，报酬”。注意正确理解名词的含义及其搭配是活用语言的基础，在复习备考中要熟练掌握考纲中一些名词的词义、搭配、习惯等，才能更好辨析名词，从而选择最符合句意的选项。
3.You’ll find this map of great _____________in helping you to get round London.（NMET 1998）
A.price B.cost C.value D.usefulness
解析：答案为C。本题考查特定语境中名词的词义及“be of + 抽象名词”结构。Price (价格)，cost（价钱，费用，成本）不符合题意，value作“quality of being useful or desirable”解时，常与of搭配，在句中作表语或补语，意为“有用，有价值”。故选择value。注意名词词义辨异及惯用法表达，题中“of + 抽象名词”相当于该名词的形容词形式。
冠词
一、考点聚焦
1.不用冠词的情况
（1）专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。
China , America, Smith
Air is matter.
（2）可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。
This dictionary is mine.
（3）季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。
March, May Day, National Day, Children’s Day, Women’s Day
Have you had supper?
Spring is the best season of the year.
（4）称呼语或指家用雇用的nurse、cook等名词前及表示头衔职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时，一般不加冠词。
What’s this, Father? We made him our chairman.
Ask nurse to put the child to bed. Professor Li.
（5）学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。
Do you study physics?
He likes playing football/chess.
（6）复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。
They are peasants/ workers.
（7）在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。
by car, by bus,by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land
但：take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/ bus需注意。
（8）某些固定词组中不用冠词。
①名词词组中：
husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork
②介词词组中：
to(at, from) school, in (to)class, in (to,at, from)university（college）,to（in, into, from）church, to(in,into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town,at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot
注意：在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同。
in hospital 住院（因病）
in the hospital在医院（工作、参观等）
in front of在前面，指某物体之外
in the front of在前部，指某物之内
in charge负责，主管 out of question没问题
in the charge由……负责 out of the question不可能
（9）as引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词不带冠词。
Child as she is, she knows a lot of French.
（10）系动词turn（作“变成”解）后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。
The young girl has turned writer.
= The young girl has become a writer.
（11）在单数名词 + after + 同一单数名词（表示“一个接一个”）结构中，单数可数名词前不加冠词。
She did experiment after experiment.
类似的还有：shop after shop, mistake after mistake
（12）形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。
①“most + 形容词原级”作“十分、非常、极”解时，前面不用定冠词。
Oh, it’s most beautiful.
②当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时，第二个形容词前通常不用定冠词。
She is the tallest and fattest girl in our school.
③当形容词最高级作表语，不表示与其他人或物相比时，其前不用定冠词。
The market in the country is busiest in winter.
④形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时，不能用定冠词。
A wolf in a sheep’s skin is our most dangerous enemy.
⑤序数词前面一般加定冠词表示“第……”之意，但在second、third等词前加不定冠词表示“又一，再一”之意。
…why you took a second arrow
注意：下句中“a first”表示“第一名、冠军”。
He is a top student in our class, he often gets a first in maths.
（13）no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后面的名词不用冠词。
No such thing has ever happened in this village.
（14）never、ever置于作主语的名词前，这些名词前不用冠词。
Never did student study so hard.这个学生从未学得这么认真。
（15）有时为了节省空间、时间、金钱和精力，或为了引起注意力，省去a(n)或the,这主要用于新闻标题、工商业文件、广告、电报、公告、提纲、书名等。
Conference opens.会议召开了。
2.定冠词的使用情况
（1）使用定冠词的一般情况。
①特指或第二次提到。
②序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的东西前。
③用于表示发明物的单数名词前或某些专有名词前。
（2）定冠词使用特殊的场合。
① He hit him in the face.
beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm, pat sb. on the head② the rich, the poor, the wounded 富人，穷人，伤员
③ the elder of the two, he more beautiful of the two两者中较年长的一位，较漂亮的一个
④ The sooner, the better.越快越好。
⑤ He got paid by the hour.他是按小时付工钱的。
by the yard/the dozen/the month/the year…
但：by weight按重量
⑥ in the 50s /in the 1870s（表示年代）
⑦ the Smiths/the Whites（表示一家人或夫妇俩）
⑧ in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/
rain
⑨ tell the truth/on the other hand/on the way home
⑩ 当抽象名词表示某一特定内容，特别是当它有一限定性修饰语时，
它与定冠词连用：
She is fond of music.
He is playing the music written by Beethoven.
Good advice is beyond price.
I’m sorry not to have taken the advice he gave.
3.不定冠词常用的几种情况
（1）表示“一”相当于“one”。I’ll return in a day or two.
（2）表示“每”相当于“per”。We have three meals a day.
（3）表示“同一性”相当于“the same”。The children are of an age.
（4）表示类指，表示“某类”。He wants to he a doctor.
（5）表示泛指，相当于“any”。A horse is a useful animal.
（6）表示某一个，相当于“a certain”。A Mr. Smith is asking to see you.
（7）与抽象名词连用，可以表示“一场、一次、一件”，如：a pleasure一件乐事，a surprise一件令人惊讶的事，a joy一件高兴的事，a pity一件遗憾的事，an honour一个（件）经以为荣的人(事)。
（8）与物质名词连用，表示“一种，一阵、一份”。
What a heavy rain!
What a good supper!
Please give me a black coffee!
4.冠词表类别的常见方式
（1）定冠词 + 单数可数名词，表示一个，代表一类。
The computer was invented in 1945.
The TV set was invented by Joan Baird.
The horse is a useful animal.
（2）不定冠词 + 单数可数名词（表示任意一个，某一个）。
A pen is a tool for writing.
A square has four sides.
A horse is a useful animal.
注意：man, woman表示泛指时，不用冠词，且常用单数。如：
Man is fighting a battle against pollution.
Man tries to be the protector of woman.
（3）可数名词或不可数名词，指类别（考虑到同类中的各个情况）。
Horses are useful animals.
Rice is a kind of food.
5.冠词位置问题
（1）不定冠词 + 副词 + 形容词 + 名词。
This is a very interesting story.
（2）such、what、both、all、quite、rather +不定冠词+形容词+名词。
I’ve never seen such a film!
Half a pound of pork,please!
What a good idea it is!
（3）as、so、too、how、however、enough+形容词+不定冠词+名词。
It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.
I can’t finish the task in so short a time.
This seems not too long a distance.
We wonder how difficult a problem he worked out.
However low te price you paid,you waste your money.
He is brave enough a hunter to kill the bear.
（4）定冠词位置。
①half、twice、three times + the + 名词
He paid twice the price for it.
Their house is three times the size of yours.
②all、both、double + the + 名词
Both the blind men were mistaken.
All the students in our class are eager to know the secret.
I offered him double the amount, but he still refused.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1.The warmth of ____________sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ___________wool used.（NMET 2001）
A．The ; the B．the ; / C．/; the D．/; /
解析：答案为B。第一空格为特指，交待the warmth的内容，第二空格为泛指，the sort of wool used所用羊毛的种类。此题有三点需注意：①正确理解sweater 这一句词在句中的类别。②掌握determine在句中作“决定”、“取决于”这个意思。③掌握定冠词表特指的基本用法。
2.Most animals have little connection with_________animals of___________different kind unless they kill them for food.（NMET 2000）
A．the … a B．/ … a C．the … the D．/ … the
解析：答案为B。名词复数表类别，其前不用冠词，故第一个空格不填冠词，表不定概念的“一种”，“某种”要用不定冠词a。要准确掌握冠词表类别的三种表达方式和不定冠词常用的几种情况，见前面要点考点聚
焦内容。
3.Paper money was in___________use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in __________thirteenth century.（NMET1999）
A．the … / B．the … the C．/ … the D．/ … /
解析：答案为C。题中in use是固定搭配，意为“在使用”，use为抽象名词，其前不用冠词。后者是序数词前用定冠词the。要牢记一些固定搭配如in use、under construction（在建设中）、in debt（欠债）、come to power（执政）、on fire（着火）、at table（用餐）、out of work（失业）等。
（一）名词
1．To the sea captain’s surprise，he found that travel could also be quite pieasant．
A．earth B．1and C．ground D．plain
2．Some famous singers live on the from their record sales．
A．salary B．value C．bill D．income
3．Many countries are increasing their use of nature gas，wind and other forms of ．
A．energy B．source C．power D．material
4．You can take as many as you like because they are free of ．
A．fare B．charge C．money D．pay
5．George always wants things done quickly．He’s got to .
A．idea B．means C．patience D．decision
6．Do you know the of the saying I just quoted?
A．source B．resource C．course D．cause
7．-Why did you refuse to move in the house?
-Because it was really in a poor and dirty ．
A．form B．kind C．shape D．state
8．His name was on the of my tongue，but I just couldn’t remember it．
A．end B．edge C．tip D．side
9．You shouldn’t let children play with ．It’s dangerous!
A．football B．watches C．matches D．chess
10．We’ll have PE this afternoon but I forgot to bring my .
A．sports clothes B．sport clothes C．clothes of sports D．sport’s clothes
11．Dark clouds are a of rain while a smile is a of friendship
A．gesture；sign B.mark；sign C.sign；gesture D.sign；mark
12．-Is the house very expensive，Dick?
-I don’t think it’s worth the they are asking．
A．price B．cost C．value D．money
13．These days I hire two in my house．
A．man servants B．men servant C．man servant D．men servants
14．The editor to1d the newsman to write report．
A．a two-thousand-words B．a two-thousands-words
C．a two thousand Word D．a two-thousand-word
15．The brook lies within of the train station．
A．ten-minute-ride B．ten minutes ride
C．ten minute’s ride D．ten minutes’ride
16．Though I spoke to him many times，he never took any of what I said．
A．remark B．observation C．attention D．notice
17． came that his should be kept secret．
A．A word；words B．The word；word C．Word：words D．Words；Word
18．We’ve missed the last bus．I’m aftaid we have no but to take a taxi．
A．way B．choice C．possibility D．selection
19．-How was your recent Visit to Qingdao?
-It was great．We visited some friends，and spent the days at the seaside．
A．few 1ast sunny B．1ast few sunny C．few sunny list D．1ast sunny few
20．We climbed higher up the mountain so that We could get a better ．
A．view B．idea C．point D．opinion
21．We have worked out a plan．But I’m not sure whether it will do in ．
A．fact B．practice C．deed D．time
22．-I’ve got an“A”in the examination．
--T11at’s a good .You’ll surely win a sec-ond．
A．result B．start C．news D．idea
23．The makes me feel sick．
A．sign B．sight C．scene D．look
24．- What a pleasant these trees give us!
--Why not stop here and have a rest in it?
A．shade B．shadow C．peace D．scene
25．They can never make good nurses，not having the necessary .
A．practice B．education C．exercise D．training
26．Mr Tong couldn’t keep pace with the others as they
marched along．He often stood out of ．
A．order B．sight C．mind D．line
27．I’m afraid that there is no for you in my car,because there are already five people．
A．place B．room C．need D．position
28． it is to go swimming on sueh a hot day!
A．What fun B．How fun C．What a fun D．How a fun
29．-Heavy trucks which run day and night are doing damage to our houses and shops of historical
A．scene B．period C．interest D．sense
30．The dress is nice but she doesn’t like the on the material．
A．sharp B．size C．model D．pattern
31．It is foolish to go to the of taking music lessons if you never practice．
A．expense B．sense C．pay D．money
32．For twenty years Gandhi p1ayed an important in working for equal rights fbr Indians．
A．action B．ro1e C．figure D．position
33．Last night the president made a speech on TV to the .
A.country B.state C.1and D.nation
34．The old house belongs to ．
A．Jack’s and his brother B．Jack’s and his brother’s
C．Jack and his brother’s D．Jack and his brother
35． will make a trip to China during the summer holidays．
A．The Evens B．The Even’s C．The Evenses D．The Evenses'
36．I’d like you to meet David’a cowboy．
A．dark，handsome and tall B．tall，handsome and dark
C．dark，tall and handsome D．tall，dark and handsome
37.The young student is as a writer．It’s to all his teachers．
A．success；surprise B．a success；sorprise
C．success；a surprise D．a success；a surprise
38.My mother’s is getting grey，but my father has only a few grey ．
A．hairs；hair B．hair：hair C．hair；hairs D．hair：hairs
39. unicle is going to pick them up at the airport this afternoon．
A．Jack’s and Joan’s B．Jack’s and Joan
C．Jack and Joan’s D．Jack and Joan
40.Many old houses are being pulled down to make for the apartment buildings．
A．room B．ground C．space D．area
41.Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are say ing hould make any ．
A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value
名词
1-5 BDABC 6-10 ADCCA 11-15 CADDD 16-20 DCBBA 21-25 BABAD 26-30 DBAC
31-35 ABDDC 36-40 DDCCA 41 B
冠词与数词
1．He has great interest in history，especially in history of Tang Dynasty．
A．a；the B．a；不填 C．不填；the D．不填；a
2．The party last night was success．we sang and danced until it came to end at twelve．
A．a；the B．the；an C．a；an D．不填；an
3．While Jane was cooking fish on open fire outside，her hair caught． fire．
A．不填；a B．不填；不填 C．an；a D．an；不填
4．Young as he is，David has gained rich experience in society．
A．不填；不填 B．the；the C．a；不填 D．不填；the
5．People regard the wheel as invention of the
first importance in human history．
A．an；the B．an；不填 C．the；the D．the；不填
6．Mr Stock，who is in Mexico on ，runs small business．
A．business；a B．business；不填 C．the business；a D．business；不填
7．Fortunately he will go on holiday in place of Brown．
A．不填；the B．不填；不填 C．不填；a D．the；不填
8．Zhang Hua is a student at ．
A．the University of Beijing B．the Beijing University
C．Beijing University D．University of Beijing
9．Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places．
A．the；the B．不填；不填 C．the；不填 D．不填；the
10．Wouldn’t it be wonderful world if all nations
lived in peace with one another?
A．a；不填 B．the；不填 C．a；the D．the；the
11．Your uncle must have X- ray examination．
A．a B．不填 C．the D．an
12．I remember he lives in south，so we shouldn’t be walking to west．
A．the；the B．不填；不填 C．不填；the D．the；不填
13．Where is ?
A．the manager office B．the office of the manager
C．the manager’s office D．the office of the manager’s
14．Five years ago her brother was university student of physics．
A．an；the B．a；不填 C．an；不填 D．a；the
15．-Do you know who invented telephone?
-No，but it is really most useful invention．
A．the；the B．a；a C．the；a D．a；the
16．Summers in south of France are for most part dry and sunny．
A．不填；a B．the；不填 C．不填；不填 D．the；the
17．The police have power to arrest bad people by 1aw．
A．the；the B．不填；the C．不填；不填 D．the；不填
18．-Do you like the novels?
-I don’t like either of them．Please show me third one．
A．a B．the C．不填 D．an
19．Keep away from the cage. lion is fierce animal．
A．The；the B．A；the C．A；不填 D．a；不填
20．Now the machine runs at double .
A．a speed B．speed C．the speed D．for speed
21．My mother is usually on duty in her office every few days．
A．the；a B．不填；不填 C．不填；a D．a；不填
22．My brother likes to play football while my sister prefers to play violin．
A．不填；a B．不填；不填 C．the；不填 D．the；the
23．I came by sea and I had a 1ovely journey on Queen Elizabeth II．
A．不填；the B．the；不填 C．不填：不填 D．the；the
24．Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid
A．by a hour B．by an hour C．by the hour D．by hours
25．-I’m afraid I dare not speak in public．
-Just have try．
A．a；不填 B．不填；a C．the；a D．the；the
26．-What’s your elder sister?
-She is teacher and writer．
A．the；the B．a；不填 C．a；a D．the；a
27．She plays violin fairly well and makes a living by teaching violin．
A．the；不填 B．不填；不填 C．a；不填 D．a；a
28．These two rooms are of size．But another two rooms are three times size of them．
A．the；the B．a；the C．a；a D．the；a
29．He served in the army in when he was in
A．1940’s；his twenties B．the 1940s；the twenties
C．1940s’；his twenties D．the 1940’s；his twenties
30．This computer centre is larger than that one in the area．
A．one sixth B．four ninths C．fifth four D．two third
31．Paper produced every year is the world’s production of vehicles．
A．the three times weight of B．three times the weight of
C．as three tirues heavy D．three times as heavier as
32．The hero of the story is an artist in his ．
A．thirtieth B．thirty C．thirty’s D．thirties
33．Mr Smith me to buy several eggs for the dinner．
A．asked；dozen B．suggested；dozens of
C．had；dozen D．persuaded；dozens
34．-Tell me where you live，please．
-I live ．
A．in 123，King Street B．at 123，King Street
C．in King Street，123 D．at King Street，123
35．30％ of the cattle thin，but the rest fat．
A．are；are B．is；is C．is；are D．are；is
冠词与数词
1-5 ACDAB 6-10 ABCCA 11-15 DDCBC 16-20 DDADC 21-25 BAACB 26-30 BABDA
31-35 BDABA
★倒装句与高考(June, ) 学案设计(人教版英语高考复习)
★高三英语复习教案与训练三--代词 (人教版高二英语必修二教学论文)
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