下面就是小编给大家分享的英语高考复习讲与练（13）状语从句，本文共9篇，希望大家喜欢!
篇1：英语高考复习讲与练（12）名词性从句
一、考点聚焦
1、名词性从句中连接词的运用
名词性从句中的连接词有连词that / whether / as if，连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。
（1）that的用法。
①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：
That they are good at English is known to us all.
The problem is that we don’t have enough money.
She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.
②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：
He judged that,because he was a child, he did not understand
wine
Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
③that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。
(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that… （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that … （D）It seems/happens that。如：
It happened that I went out last night.
It is said that China will win in the World Cup.
④that和what的区别。
that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词 + 关系代词即常说的先行词 + that。如：
It’s shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he says.
⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。
同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如：
They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)
The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.（定语从句）
（2）whether和if的用法。
①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：
It all depends on whether they will come back.
②后面直接跟or not 时用whether。如：
I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.
③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如：
Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
The question is whether they have so much money.
④whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如：
We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do
it or not.
⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：
The question of whether they are male or female is not impor-
tant.
I have not decided whether to go or not.
⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如：
Thank you, but whether I’ll be free I’m not sure at the moment.
⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。如：
Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.
（3）疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别。
①疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.
You can choose whatever you like in the shop.
②疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：
Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,
Whatever you do, you must do it well.
③no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：
No matter what you do, you must do it well.
No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
（4）when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如：
They put forward the question where they could get the money.
This is the place where the accident happened.
2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致
（1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：
Hello,I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here?
The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.
（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：
When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.
When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.
When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.
3、名词性从句的词序
名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：
He asked me what was the matter with me.
We’ve heard the news that we’ll move into the new house.
Whatever you say will interest us all.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1. A computer can only do ________ you have instructed it to do.(NMET )
A.how B.after C.what D.when
解析：答案为C。本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分，故what最合适。
2. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week..
-Is that _________ you had a few days off ? (NMET 99)
A.why B.when C.what D.where
解析：答案为A。此题考查的是从句的用法。根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了。”下面一句接着问：“那就是你为什么离开的原因吗？”故用why引导表语从句表示原因。
3. I hate __________ when peope talk with their mouths full.(NMET 98)
A.it B.that C.these D.them
解析：答案为A。本题考查的是形式宾语的用法。题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”。该空白处没有任何含义，而且已经用了when连接该宾语从句，所以此处只填一个形式宾语it。
名词性从句
l．_ the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing makes the nation very excited．
A．Whenever B．If C．Whether D．That
2．The headmaster made a suggestion that the sports meet until next Sunday．
A．Will be put off B．will put off C．put off D．be put off
3． is a fact that English people and American people share a lot of customs．
A．There B．This C．That D．that
4．Dr Black comes from either 0xford of Cambridge,I can’t remember ．
A．where B．there C．which D．that
5． he said at the meeting astonished everybody present．
A．What B．That C．The fact D．The matter
6．I remember this used to be a quiet village．
A．when B．how C．where D．what
7．Can you tell me the railway station?
A．how I can get to B．how can I get to
C．where I can get to D．where can I get to
8．We all took for granted that he would agree with us．
A．it B．him C．that D．what
9．It worried her a bit her hair was turning grey．
A．while B．that C．if D．for
10． leaves the room last ought to turn off the 1ights．
A．Anyone B．The person C．Whoever D．Who
11． they are most interested in is they can produce more and better cars．
A．That；how B．What；how C．What；that D．That；that
12．The reason she gave for not being present was the heavy snow prevented her coming．
A．why；because B．why；whether C．that；that D．how；that
l3． I have will be yours sooner or later．
A．No matter what B．No matter how C．Whatever D．However
14．Word came I was wanted at the office．
A．which B．why C．that D．whether
15．The town is no longer it was ten years ago．
A．which B．that C．what D．when
16．It is generally considered unwise to give a child be or she wants．
A．however B．whatever C．whichever D．whenever
17．Please tell me you would like to have your coffee-black or white?
A．what B．where C．when D．how
18．-Do you remember be came?
-Yes，I do．He came by car．
A．how B．when C．that D．if
l9． we can’t get seems better that we have．
A．What；what B．What：that C．That；that D．That：what
20．-I drove to Zhuhai for the Air Show last week．
-Is that you had a few days off?
A．why B．when C．what D．where
21．You can take measures you think good to deal with the problems．
A．whatever B．however C．whichever D．those
22．- has made our city Dalian she is taday?
-It is the Party’s policy that has made it take on a new look．
A．What；that B．That；what C．there；so D．That；that
23．It was at the very beginning Mr White made
the decision we should send more firefighters there．
A．that：that B．when；which C．there；what D．where；what
24．It was he worked out the maths problem that we wanted to know．
A．what B．how C．that D．which
25．There will be a special price for buys things in large numbers here．
A．who B．whom C．whoever D．whomever
26．-I rang you about ten，but there was no reply．
-0h，that was probably I was seeing the doctor．
A．when B．why C．what D．that
27．Maria has to baby-sit．That’s she can’t come out with us．
A．how B．why C ．when D．what
28． surprised me most was they had finished the work so quickly．
A．What：what B．That；that C．What：that D．That；what
29．You can’t imagine when they received these nice Christmas presents．
A．how they were excited B．how excited they were
C．how excited were they D．they were how excited
名词性从句
1-5 DDDCA 6-10 CAABC 11-15 BCCCC 16-20 BDAAA 21-25 ACABC 26-29 ABCB
篇2：高考英语复习计划状语从句的复习
高考英语复习计划状语从句的复习
状语从句 Adverbial Clause，从句用作状语称为状语从句。根据用途，状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、让步、结果、目的'等状语从句。
I.时间状语从句
时间状语从句表示时间，常用的关联词有when, until, as, after, before, once, since, as long as, whenever等等。
例: 1) When you cross a main road, you must be careful.
2) He went out to play football after he had finished his homework.
3) Wait until you are called.
4) I can't recognize you. You are so changed since last we met.
5) He didn't go to school until he was eleven.
You can use my house as long as you are careful.
He is so terrible once he is drunk.
I listen to the radio while I walk every evening.
II.地点状语从句
地点状语从句表示地点，常用的关联词有where, wherever, anywhere等。
例如：1) Put it where you found it.
2)Sit down wherever you like.
3)Anywhere she goes, he goes too.
III. 原因状语从句
原因状语从句表示原因或理由，常用的关联词有because, as, since, in case等。
1)I eat ice-cream so much because I like sweet food.
2)As I didn't know the way, I asked a policeman.
3)Since you won't help me, I'
篇3：高考英语状语从句语法
状语从句 Adverbial clause
状语从句可修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。
表示：地点、时间、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、行为方式、比较等。
as, when, while的区别
while用于时间较长时，强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比;
as用于发生时间较短时，表示一边、、、一边、、、的意思;
when可以表示从句动词的动作在主句动词的动作“之前”或“之后”发生。
表原因的状语从句，since作“既然”解时
Since everybody is here, let’s begin.
Now that they have taken matters into their hands, the pace of events has quickened. 因为
表示目的、结果的状语从句
so that; so…that都可以引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句，区别在于：
1. 当它们引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常有can, could, may, might, will, would等词;
2. 而当引导结果状语从句时则没有上述这些词，而且从内容上看主句和它们引导的结果状语从句有因果关系，主句为因，从句为果。
I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me. 目的
He ran slowly so that I caught up with him. 结果
He always studies so hard that he may make great progress. 目的
He always studies so hard that he made great progress. 结果
表示比较的状语从句
no more than 只不过(嫌少的意思)
not more than 不多于(客观的说明)
I have no more than two apples. 嫌太少了
They have learned no more than two thousand words. 才学了词，太少了。
We have learned not more than three thousand words. 客观说明，已经学了3000词了。
篇4：定语从句讲与练
湖南隆回一中 罗玉南
Exercises:
A.定语从句与易混句型练与析
定语从句是历年高考试题中的考查热点之一，虽然其难度并不大，但许多考生对这一语法内容掌握得并不好，失分较多。做这一类题的关键是要能正确地分析出其结构来，即首先认出它是否为定语从句，然后再确定使用哪个连接词。定语从句易与其他句型混淆，需要仔细区分。现在我们来看看下列句型结构，请大家选择恰当的词填空（有的小题正确答案不只一个）。Ⅰ．A．whom B．them鶦．they鶧．who
1．Mr Smith has three sons，none of ???? is a computer expert．
2．He has three sisters，????? are doctors．
3．She has three CDs，but none of????? is interesting．
4．I have many friends，and all of????? are nice and friendly．
5．Miss Yang has some relatives here；???? like her very much．
Ⅱ．A．where鶥．which鶦．in which鶧．that
1．Rice grows well ??? there is enough water．
2．I know the university ???? my parents worked ten years ago．
3．After the war，a new school building was put up ??? there had once been a theatre．
4．The hospital ???? Mr Li was operated on in has taken on a new look．
Ⅲ．A．that鶥．when鶦．where鶧．who
1．It is on a summer afternoon ???? he met Liang Wei from Shanghai．
2．Is it on the farm ???? Mr Wang lives？
3．It is the farm ???? Mr Wang lives．
4．Is it Lang Weiwei ???? is speaking to a foreigner？
Ⅳ．A．that鶥．as鶦．who鶧．which
1．Nobody in our school has the same camera ???? you have．
2．She is such a good girl ????does well in French．
3．She is such a good girl ???? all of us like to make friends with her．
Ⅴ．A．that鶥．which
1．The news ???? he told me sounds reasonable．
2．The news ???? China has joined the WTO excites all the Chinese．
Ⅵ．A．that鶥．when鶦．which
1．It is the first time ???? I have been here．
2．It was the time ???? we had a hard life．
?答案与简析?Ⅰ．本组题考查定语从句与并列句的区别。第1和2小题是定语从句，正确答案分别是A和D；第3和4小题有并列连词but和and，为并列句，每句只能有一个连接词，故正确答案均为B；第5小题中的前后两部分用分号连接，是两个并列分句，无需连接词，故C项正确。
Ⅱ．本组题考查定语从句与地点状语从句的区别。第1和3小题均无先行词，是表示地点的状语从句，只能用where引导，故答案均为A；第2小题是定语从句，A和C两项均正确；第4小题是定语从句，由于有介词in，故B、D两项均正确。
Ⅲ．本组题考查定语从句与强调句的区别。强调句的结构为：It is／was＋被强调部分＋that＋从句。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何部分，而且强调人时，还可用who代替that。注意这一句型中不能因为被强调部分是时间或地点，就想当然地用when或where代替that。第1和2小题是强调句，故A项正确。可用此技巧解题：先把强调句中的It is／was．．．that去掉，再把被强调部分调到句末，在不增加或减少任何单词的情况下，如句子成立则为强调句，否则为定语从句。可将第1和2小题分别改为：He met Liang Wei from Shanghai on a summer afternoon．Mr Wang lives on the farm．显然，两句均正确，故为强调句。第3小题是定语从句，用上述技巧可知缺介词on，故C项正确；第4小题也是强调句，强调人，故A、D两项均正确。
Ⅳ．本组题考查结果状语从句与定语从句的区别。第1小题是as引导的定语从句，即the same．．．as结构，as在从句中作宾语，第2小题也是as引导的定语从句，即such．．．as结构，as在从句中作主语，故答案均为B。第3小题是such．．．that结果状语从句，关键区别在于that在状语从句中不作任何成分，故正确答案为A。
Ⅴ．本组题考查同位语从句与定语从句的区别。that引导同位语从句时在从句中不作任何成分，只是用来解释或说明先行词的内容，而定语从句中的that在从句中作主语或宾语。第1小题是定语从句，因为tell缺直接宾语，故A和B项均正确；第2小题从句中不缺主、宾语，是同位语从句，故A项正确。
Ⅵ．本组题考查固定结构与定语从句的区别。第1小题是“It（This）is／was．．．time that＋从句”结构，意为“这是某人第几次干某事”，故A项正确；第2小题为时间作先行词的定语从句，故B项正确.
B.选择最佳答案：
1．____ have plenty of money will help their friend.
A.Those who鶥.He who鶦.That who鶧.You who
2.This is the longest train _____ I have ever seen.
A.which鶥.that C.what鶧.whom
3.____ we all know, swimming is a very good sport.
A.Which鶥.That鶦.As鶧.Who
4.I shall never forget those years _____ I lived in the farm ____ you visited last week.
鶤.when,where鶥.which,which C.when , which鶧.which , where
5.The radio set ___ last week has gone wrong.
鶤.I bought it B.which I bought it C.I bought D.what I bought
6.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned fot at least a year.
A.these B.them鶦.that鶧.which
7.The day will come _____ the people all over the world will win liberation.
鶤.that B.where C.which D.when
8.Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ____ in China.
鶤.works鶥.is working鶦.are working鶧.has been working
9.They talked for about an hour of things and persons ____ they remembered in the school.
A.which鶥.that鶦.who鶧.whom
10.My glasses, ____ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
A.which鶥.with which鶦.without which鶧.that
11.He is a man of great experience, _____ much can be learned.
A.who B.from him C.from whom鶧.whom
12.A harvester is a machine ____ we harvest crops or a person ____ is harvesting.
A.which , who鶥.that , that C.with which , who鶧./, that
13.I have bought the same dress ____ she is wearing.
A.as鶥.that鶦.which D.what
14.In the police station I saw the man from ___ room the thief had stolen the TV set.
A.whom B.which C.that鶧.whose
15.Chapin, _____ money was now no problem , start a new film company with his friends.
A.whose B.which C.for whom鶧.who
16.Please put鷗he鷏etter _____ he can easily find it.
A.in which B.where C.the place where D.in the place
17.The house ______ there is a big tree was built more than 1000 years ago.
A.which B.that鶦.in the front of which鶧.in front of which
18.Antarctic ,____ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A.which鶥.where C.that鶧.about which
19.The reason ____ I was away from school is ____ I was ill yesterday.
A.that , that B.why , why C.why, that鶧.that , why
20.It was a meeting ______ importance I didn’t realize at that time.
A.which鶥.of which鶦.that鶧.whose
21.She was ____ I met at the party , ___ you knew.
A.who , whom B.whom , who鶦.the one , as D.the one , whose
22.They have decided to stay at home, ____ , I think , ___ a wise choice.
A.which , are B.which , is C.that , are D.that , is
23.All the apples ___ fell down were eaten by the pigs.
A.those鶥.that鶦.which鶧.what
24.Did you see the man ____ ?
A.I nodded just now鶥.whom I nodded just now
C.whom I nodded to him鶧.whom I nodded to just now
25.I, ___ your good friend, will try my best to help you.
A.who is鶥.who am C.that is D.what is
26.---How do you like the book? ---It’s quite different from ____ I read last month.
A.that B.which鶦.the one what D.the one
27.Is oxgen the only gas ____ helps fire burn?
A.that鶥./鶦.which鶧.it
28. I’ll tell you ___ he told me last week.
A.all which鶥.all what鶦.that all D.all
29.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.
A.to whom B.who C.from whom鶧.that (NMET’92)
30.Willma became the first Americna woman to win three Olympic gold medals in track, _____ made her mother very happy.
鶤.it B.that C.which鶧.this (上海’91)
31.She heard a terible noise , ____brought her heart into her mouth.
鶤.it鶥.which鶦.this鶧.that (NMET’ 91)
32.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ____ family was poor.
A.of whom B.whom C.of whose鶧.whose (NMET’ 89)
33.The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A.what B.which C.that鶧.it (NMET’ 92)
34.After living in Paris for fifty years he retuened to the small town ___ he grew up as a child.
A.which B.where C.that D.when(NMET’ 96)
35.I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers, _____were very kind to me.
A.that, which B.when , which鶦.which , that鶧.when , who (上海’ 94)
36.Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.
A.it鶥.that鶦.which鶧.he (NMET’ 91)
37.Is this the house ______ Shakespeare was born?
A. at where B. which鶦. in which D. at which(88)
38.She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
鶤. whom B. where鶦. which鶧. while(1995)
39.Carol said the work would be done by October, ______personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that鶦. when D. which (99)
40.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which鶦. this鶧. what (2000)
41.Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ______ leading actor is world-famous?
鶤. its B. it’s鶦. whose鶧. which(上海春季)
42.He is the only one of the students who ______ a winner of scholarship for three years.
鶤. is鶥. are C. have been D. has been(上海春季)
43.Is this the reason ______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
鶤. he explained鶥. what he explained
鶦. how he explained鶧. why he explained(2002上海春季)
44.The famous basketball star, ______ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
鶤. where鶥. when C. which D. who(2002春季)
45.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ______ I will always treasure.
鶤. that鶥. one C. it鶧. what(2002秋季)
46.We will be shown around the city: schools, museums and some other places, ______ other visitors seldom go.
鶤. what鶥. which C. where D. when(2002北京)
篇5：定语从句讲与练
湖南隆回一中 罗玉南
定语从句（1）--关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose
用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）
定语从句（2）--关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.
他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
定语从句（3）--判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where鶥. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where鶥. that C. on which鶧. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对,所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)。
定语从句(4)---限制性和非限制性定语从句
1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2)当先行词是专有名词或具有唯一性的名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
非限制性定语从句与高考试题
我们在学习英语时，常常遇到非限制性定语从句。下面结合高考试题谈谈学习运用非限制性定语从句时应注意的几个问题。
1.that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句煩
[考例1]燬he heard the terrible noise, ＿＿＿＿ brought her heart into her mouth．(MET’91)牘鶤．it B．which鶦．this鶧．that煩
[简析]犙B。后半句为非限制性定语从句，不用that而用which来引导。which指代noise，在从句中作主语。
2.除which外，还可用when焪here焪hose焪hom等引导非限制性定语从句，且各自的用法及差异与它们用在限制性定语从句时相同。如：
Next month, when you’ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching．
下个月即将来临，届时你们将在家乡度暑假。（关系副词when指代表示时间的名词next month，并作从句的状语。）
She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends．
她要到澳门去居住，在那里她有几个密友。（关系副词where指代表示地点的名词Macao，并在从句中作状语。）
[考例2]燫ecently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ＿＿was very reasonable.(上海)A．which price B．the price of which C．its price D．the price of whose
[简析]犙B。whose在从句中作表示所属关系的定语，既可指代人，也可指代物。指物时，常可转换为of which；指人时常可转换为of whom。
[考例3]營n the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p．m．, ＿＿＿＿ many people have gone home．
A．whose time B．that C．on which D．by which time(上海’95)牑
[简析]犗刃写5:30 p．m．与time之间是一种同位关系，可用which来作定语替代。从句中的完成状态，常与by短语连用，故选D。
3.在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省略。如：
He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved as his own mother．
他迫切地想到医院去看望他继母，他把继母当自己的亲妈妈一样爱戴。
4.非限制性定语从句的关系代词which，既可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整句的含义。
[考例4]燚orothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ＿＿＿＿ of course,焟ade the others unhappy．
A．who鶥．which鶦．this鶧．what煩(NMET 2000)牑煩
[简析] 选B。指代“Dorothy总是高度评价自己在那场戏中所担任的角色”整个事件。
[考例5]燙arol said the work would be done by October, ＿＿＿＿ personally I doubt very much．鶤．it B．that C．when D．which煩 （NMET’99）牑煩
[简析]牨硎臼奔涞拿词October，用“我个人非常怀疑”来修饰，意思不通。应该修饰整个主句，表示对“Carol说在十月前能作好这项工作”怀疑。故选D。
5.修饰先行主句时as和which的差异从句置于句首时，非限制性定语从句只能用as引导，而置于句末时，as和which都行。
[考例6] ＿＿＿＿ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month．(NMET 2001)牘
A．It B．As鶦．That鶧．What煩
[简析]牰汉疟砻魑非限制性定语从句。选B。
[考例7] ＿＿＿＿ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing．
A．Which鶥．As鶦．That鶧．It煩(上海’99)牑煩
[简析]牬鸢肝狟。与考例6同理。
定语从句（5）---介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2）that前不能有介词。 3）某些在从句中充当时间，点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
=This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
=Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
定语从句（6）--as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，也可以放在句中或句末, as 的这种用法通常出现在一些固定短语之中如：
1．as has been said before 如上所述
2．as may be imagined正如可以想象出来的那样
3．as is well known 众所周知
4．as was expected正如预料的那样
5．as has been already pointed out正如已经指出的那样
6．as we all can see 正如我们都会看到的那样；
而which只放在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___ came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which鶧. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what鶥. which鶦. that鶧. it
答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that鶥. which鶦. as D. it
答案B.as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，具有描述性的特点，如，“在这一点上” 或“正如…..”；而which表结果，则从句中的关系代词用which.。
在本题中，正因为rained hard， 才造后面的结果，所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法：
例1.the same… as；such…as; as / so…as…中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。as既可指人，也可指物，常在限制性定语从句中充当主、宾、表语。as引导的定语从句的先行词前面常有as ／such ／the same等修饰词。还要注意区分下列两个词组：
1．“such．．．that．．．”表“如此……以致……”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such．．．as．．．”表“像……这（那）样”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在定语从句中充当主、宾、表语等。试比较下列两个句子：
①He is such an honest man that we respect him.
他是一个如此诚实的人以致我们都尊敬他。
② He is such an honest man as we respect．他像我们所尊敬的那种诚实的人。
2．“the same．．．that．．．”表同一人或物，而“the same．．．as．．．”表同种类的东西。试比较下列两个句子：①This is the same book that I lost．这就是我丢失的那一本书。（指同一本书）②This is the same book as I lost．我丢失的那一本书一模一样。（并不是原来的那一本）
例如：
He is as brave a man as ever lived．他是世界上最勇敢的人。
Don't read such books as are not worth reading．不要读那些不值得读的书。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
The film is so good as we saw last night.(as 作saw 的宾语)
Cf.The film is so good that we moved to tears.(that是连词，不作句子成分,引导结果状语从句)
Last night we saw such a good film as we had expected.(as作expected的宾语)
Cf.Last night we saw such a good film that we thought it’s worth seeing again. (that是连词，不作句子成分,引导结果状语从句)
例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
定语从句（7）
1.先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
(what 可以用all that代替)
2. what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever
1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything
What you want has been sent here.
Whatever you want makes no difference to me.
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who
（错）Who breaks the law will be punished.
（错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
（对）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
（对）Who robbed the bank is not clear.
3) that 和 what
当that引导定语从句时 ，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句， 用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。
I think (that) you will like the stamps.
What we need is more practice.
定语从句（8）―――二个特殊关系代词的用法
but，than作关系代词引导定语从句时，“特殊”在哪里？请关注本文。
1．but既可指人，也可指物，常在定语从句中充当主语。but本身含“否定”的意思，其作用相当于“that ／which ／who．．．not”。它前面的主句通常有“否定”的词（如：no，not， little，few，hardly等）。but引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用，达到强烈肯定的修饰效果。例如：鶷here is no mother but loves her own children．（＝There is no mother that／who does not love her own children．）没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。
2．than既可指人，也可指物，可作关系代词来引导定语从句。than前通常有表比较的词。例如：鶩ewer friends than we had expected came to our evening party．来参加晚会的朋友比我们预料的还要少。
定语从句（9）定语从句中的主谓一致
引导词在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词人称和数要根据引导词所指内容而定。例如：Here are such sentences as are often used by the students. ( as指代sentences，谓语动词用are)。I, who am a Party member, should work hard for our country.( who指代I, 谓语用am.)。
He was one of the students who were praised for it. ( who指代the students)
他是被表扬的学生之一。
He was the only one of the students who was praised for it. ( who 指the only one)
他是唯一被表扬的学生。
PA:易与定语从句混淆的其他复合句
1.定语从句与同位语从句
定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“。。。的（名词）”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。that在定语从句中作成分，可用which 或who/whom代替；而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。试比较：
1)We all have heard the news that our team won. (同位语从句，that从句表示news的内容，that 在从句中不作任何成分)
2)We don’t believe the news that/which he told us yesterday.(定语从句，that 作told 的宾语)
2.定语从句与状语从句。试比较：
1)He left the key where he had been an hour before.
(where引导地点状语从句，相当于in the place where)
2)He left the place where he lived for many years.
(where 引导定语从句，修饰the place)
3)He is such a good teacher as all of us love and respect.
(as 引导定语从句)
4)He is such a good teacher that we all like him.
(that引导结果状语从句,such…that… “如此…以致…”)
3． 定语从句与主语从句。试比较：
1) As is known to us all, paper was first made in China.
(as 引导定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首)
2) It is known to us all that paper was first made in China.
(it 做形式主语，代替that 引导的主语从句)
CF.What is known to us is that paper was first made in China.
4．定语从句与强调结构。试比较：
1)It is the house where I met the young man.
(where 引导定语从句，修饰house，where在定语从句中作地点状语)
2)It was in the house that I met the young man.
(本句为强调结构，可还原为I met the young man in the house.)
下面咱们一起来分析几道定语从句的难题。
例1．It is the young man _______ looked for _______ caught the murderer.
A. that …who B. that …they C . they …that D they…which
分析：答案是C。本题考查了定语从句和强调句式。强调句式的结构是“It is + 强调部分 + that/who….”。they looked for前省略了关系代词that,因为先行词the young man 在从句中做looked for的宾语。强调句为It is the young man who/that caught the murderer.本句意思是“是那个他们寻找的年轻人抓住了杀人犯”。
例2．Is this factory _______ we visited last year?
A. where鶥 in which鶦 the one鶧 at which
分析：做这题首先要明白一个概念。被定语从句修饰的名词前一般都有the，因为它已被限定。所以此题还原成陈述句应该是this factory is______ we visited last year. 而不是this is factory ______ we visited last year.知道这一点后做题容易了，不能选A, B, D。因为句子没有先行词。所以答案是C。从句前省略了关系代词that/which。题目如改为Is this the factory ________we visited last year? 空格处应该用which 或 that。
例3．The book, the cover _______ is broken, is not mine.
A. of it鶥 for鶦 whose鶧 of which
分析：答案是D。先行词the book 代入从句应该是 the cover of the book is broken.相当于whose cover。
例4．This is Mr Smith, _____ I think has something interesting to tell you.
A . who B whom C. that D. x
分析：此题同学们容易错选B，认为先行词Mr. Smith做think 的宾语。I think , you think, do you think 等表明某人观点的短语是插入语。插入语的特点是去掉不影响句子表达。所以做题时遇到插入语，先去掉，This is Mr. Smith, _______ has something interesting to tell you。很容易得到答案A.
例5．Who _______ has seen the TV film doesn’t admire it?
A . that鶥 who鶦 which鶧 as
分析：先行词是who，到是指人，可为了避免重复，不用who，而用能指代人的that。答案是A。
例6．You can never imagine what great trouble I have had ________ the patient who
Received a serious wound.
A. treat B. to treat鶦 treating鶧 treated
分析：迷惑的答案是D，同学们容易根据had确定用过去分词。而做好这题，关键是知道句型have trouble(difficult) doing sth 做某事有困难。定语从句部分是I have had (great trouble)treating the patient.而patient 后又有一个定语从句。答案是C。
例7．This is the last time _________ I shall give you a lesson.
A. when鶥 that C which D in which
分析：答案是B。这里的time不指时间，而是次数。所以用that引导。
例8．I don’t like the way ________ you laugh at her.
A . that B on which鶦 which D as
分析：此题先行词是the way，用。。。方式的短语是in this way。所以定语从句应该是in which you laugh at her。但习惯上也可说that you laugh at her。或者什么也不用you laugh at her。答案是 A。
篇6：英语高考复习讲与练 （3）代词与it
一、考点聚焦
代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词\疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。
1、人称代词
（1）人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下4中情况：
①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。
-Does any of you know where Tom lives?
-Me.
What! Me (to)play him at chess? No!
②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格在意义上一般要保持前后一致。
The thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格，故用he代替)
They took me to be her.他们误以为我是她。（me是宾格，故用her
替代）
③作表语人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。
I met her in the hospital.→It was her who I met in the hospital.
④在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有区别。
I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.
I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too.
(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：
①在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一（人称）。宾格me也一样。
You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.
Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.
②第三人称，男女两性并用，男先女后。
He and she still don’t agree to the plan.
(3)几个人称代词的特殊用法。
①we/you(口语)常用来泛指一般人。
②she可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。
The “Titanic”was the largest, wasn’t she?
2.物主代词
（1）名词和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。
（2）one’s own…=...of one’s own句式的转换。
（3）某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。
如： take sb. by the arm, be wounded in the leg.
3.反身代词
（1）反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。
（2）反身代词和某些动词连有，构成固定短语。
enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood
（3）反身代词还可用于某些成语中。
for oneself为自己或独立地，of oneself自然地，自动地
by oneself独自地，in oneself本身性质，beside oneself喜怒哀愁至极
This problem gets a chapter to itself.这个问题占了一章（独有）。
Just between ourselves, I don’t think much of him.私下地说我并不怎么看重他。
They were discussing about it among themselves.（相互共同）
Left to himself he began to write.别人走后只留下他，他写了起来。
I’m very angry with myself.生自己的气。
4.相互代词（each other, one another）
相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each other’s 、one another’s ,作定语。
一般来说，each other指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。
5.指示代词（this, that , these, those, such, same）
指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。
（1）指示代词this和that的区别。
①this (these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间较远的人或物。
This is my desk and that is yours.
In those days they could not go to school.
②this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。
I want to tell you this:the English party will be held on Saturday
afternoon.
He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.
③为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.
The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.
④this在电话用语中作自我介绍，that询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词so。
（2）such和same的用法。
①such指“这样的”人或事，在句中作主语和定语。
Such was the story.
We have never seen such a tall building.
②same指“同样的”人或事，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，same的前面要用定冠词the.
The same can be said of the other article.
另一篇文章也是同样的情况。（主语）
Whether he can do it or not,it is all the same to me.
他是否能做这事，对我来说都一样。（表语）
6、疑问代词（who,whom,which,what,whose）
疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。
（1）who/what
①询问姓名或关系。--Who is he? --He is my brother./He is
Henry.询问职业或地位。--What is he？ --He is a lawyer/teacher.
②What/who 作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于说话人的视点，可单数也可复数。
What is /are on the table?
Who is/are in the library?
(2)which与who、what
which表示在一定范围内，而who、what则无此限制。
I found two books on the desk.Which is yours?
7.连接代词和关系代词
连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同，主要有who、whom、whose、what、which以及它们与ever合成的代词whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等。它们用来引导主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句，即连接复合句中的主句和从句，并在从句中担任一定的句子成分，以连接代词引起的名词性从句前不能再加that.
关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，它们包括who、whom、whose、which、that等。这两类代词的用法详见“名词性从句”和“定语从句”部分。
8、不定代词
不定代词主要有：all、each、every、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。还有由some、any、no和every构成合成代词，不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语）。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别。
（1）some与any
一般用法：some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。
He has some Chinese paintings.(定语)
Some like sports,others like music.(主语)
Ask me if you have any questions.(定语)
Do you have any questions to ask?(定语)
I don’t know any of the students.（宾语）
特殊用法：
①any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。
Any child can do that.（定语）
You may take any of them.（宾语）
②some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。
Smith went to some place in England.（定语）
③在期待对方回答yes 时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。
Would you like some bananas?（邀请）
Mum,could you give me some money?(请求)
④some 用于否定句表示部分否定。
I don’t know some of the students.（宾语）
some和any在句中还可作状语，作副词。some意为“大约”相当于“about”,而any则表示程度，意为“稍，丝毫”。如：
There are some 300 workers on strike.
Do you feel any better today?
(2)one,both,all
①one作定语、表语、主语或宾语，可以指人或物，表示“一个”的意思，其复数为ones,指人时，其所有格是one’s，反身代词是oneself.
One should try one’s best to serve the people.(主语、定语)
This is not the one I want.(表语)
one、ones可以代替上文提到过的名词，以免重复，one、ones前面分别可以用this、that、these、those或the、which等词修饰。如：
These books are more interesting than those ones.
Here are three pens.Which one is yours,this one or that one or the one in the pencil-box?
②both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语，可以指人或指物，表示“两者都”的意思。
This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定语)
Both of the boys are here.(主语)
We both are students.(同位语)
注意：both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定时，用neither。如：Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。
Neither of us is a teacher. 我们俩都不是教师。
both不能放在the、these、those、my等之后，而应放在它们的前面。如：Both my parents like this film.
Both the /these boys are tall.
③all用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语，指“全部的”、“整个的”，可与可数或不可数名词连用，除少数情况外，一般不与单数可数名词连用，与复数名词连用时，表示“所有的”、“全部的”，指三个或三个以上的人或物。
He gave me all the money.他把全部的钱给了我。
All the schools are flooded.所有的学校都被淹了。
I told him all about it. 我把一切都告诉了他。
That’s all for today.今天就在这儿。
They have all been to Xi’an.他们都去过西安。
注意：all 用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用none。如：
Not all the ants go out for food.(or:All the ants don’t go out for food.)并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。
None of the money is mine.这钱一分也不是我的。
（3）many和much
many和much都表示“许多”，但many修饰或代替复数可数名词，much修饰或代替不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语。much有时用作状语。
（4）few, little; a few, a little
few和little表示没有多少，含否定意义；而a few 和a little表示有一些，有几个，含肯定意义。另外，few、a few 修饰可数名词；little、a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。
（5）no和none
no=not any,表示“没有”，用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词，通常作定语，none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。none还可以在句中作宾语。
注意：none既可以指人又可以指物，no one只能指人。
（6）each和every
each（各个），指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个体，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。every（每个），指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重整体，在句中只能作定语。
Every student it our class has a dictionary.(定语，强调班上“所有的人”)
Each student in our class has a dictionary.（定语，强调各个个体）
Each of them has been there.（主语）
The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.（宾语）
We each got a ticket.（同位语）
（7）either和neither
either是“两者中任何一个”的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词，neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思，可以修饰或代替单数可数名词，它们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。如：
Here are two pens. You may take either of them.(宾语)
Neither boy knows French.(定语)
注意：①either也作副词，其意为“也”，用于否定句的句末。He doesn’like tea, and I don’t either.（状语）②either与or构成连词，意为“不是……就是……”或“要么……要么……”。He is either Japanese or Chinese. ③neither用作副词，意为“也不”，即“not…either”。He can’t do it, neither can I. ④neither可与nor构成连词，意为“既不……也不”。Neither he nor you are a student.
（8）other和another, the others 和others
the other表示“两者中的另一个”；“the other + 复数可数名词”
表示“其余（他）的……”；the others表示“其他的人或物”。“others及other + 复数名词”泛指“其他的（别的）人或物”。这些词语在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：
He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel.
Five of the pencils are red, the others(the other pens)are yellow.
Some are singing, others are dancing.
another修饰或代替单数可数名词，意为“（三个或三个以上的）另一个”，不能指两者中的另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。
This coat is too dark. Please show me another.(宾语)
Please give me another book.（定语）
注意：another修饰复数名词时，意为“再，又”。如：Please give me another ten minutes. one … another(a second)… a third…the other…意为“一个……一个……一个……一个”用于三者或三者以上的排列。some…others…others…，意为“一些……一些……一些”。
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1. The Parkers bought a new house but__________will need a lot of work before they can move in.(NMET )
A.they B.it C.one D.which
解析：答案为B。分析题意可知，they显然不合，which多引导从句，从此为并列句式，one表示泛指，而此处空格内容指代前面提到的the new house。要仔细区别代词的所指范围，是人还是物，单数还是复数，另应注意句式。
2．If you want to change for a double room you’ll have to pay_________$ 15.（NMET 2000）
A.another B.other C.more D.each
解析：答案为A。本题考查不定代词用于表示数量附加的用法。“another + 数字 + 复数名词”结构通常用来表示在原有数量上的附加。若选C，正确结构是“数词 + more + 复数名词”。掌握another和more与数字搭配的位置是此题关键。another放在数字前，more放在数字后。NMET 1995中第25小题命题思路与此题一致。
3. Few pleasures can equal ___________of a cool drink on a hot day.(NMET )
A.some B.any C.that D.those
解析：答案为C。本题考查替代词that的用法。that通常在句中替代同类的、特定的但不是同一的事物。本句中that替代the pleasure。句意为“在炎热的夏天几乎没有任何乐趣能与饮一杯冷饮的乐趣相比”。that指代单数或不可数名词，复数用those，表示特指，以避免重复，在比较句型中较为常用，代替可数名词时可换用the one。
代词与it的用法
1.Not all these books are second-hand； of them are new．
A．all B．none C．some D．each
2.You can buy these maps at railway station．They all have them．
A．that B．any C．every D．each
3.I prefer a street in a small town to in such alarge city as Shanghai．
A．that B．it C．this D．one
4.1've only seen one copy of Gone with the wind in the bookshop opposite．Tom，g。and buy ．
A．one B．any C．other D．the others
5.At the time neither country allowed to open any companies on its land．
A．another B．the other C．other D．the others
6.Most of the housework was done by two members of the family，my sister and ．
A．me B．I C．myself D．mine
7. was thoughtful John to send me this present．
A．1t；for B．He；for C．It；of D．He；of
8.-We walked twenty miles today．
-I never guessed you could have walked far．
A．as B．this C．that D．such
9.-Have you read through the two books he lent you last week?
-No， of them is easy to read．
A．either B．none C．both D．neither
10.Meeting my uncle after all these years Was an uncom fortable moment， I will always treasure．
A．that B．one C．it D．what
11.The noise of the party prevented me from getting sleep．
A．some B．any C．no D．many
12.I hate when people talk with their mouths full．
A．it B．that C．those D．then
13.The class are busy preparing lessons for a test．
A．his B．her C．their D．its
14.-Would you care for tea or coffee?
- ，thank you．I’ve just had some tea．
A．Little B．Both C．Either D．Neither
15.It was in the house he used to 1ive that the exhibition was held．
A．where B．that C．as D．which
16.I make a rule to take a walk in the morning．
A．that B．this C．myself D．it
17. of them knew about the plan because it was k。pt a secret．
A．Each B．Any C．None D．No one
18.We couldn’t eat in a restaurant because of us had money on us．
A．all；no B．any；no C．none；any D．no one；any
19.There’re so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind to buy．
A．what B．which C．how D．where
20． we can’t get seems better than we have．
A．What；what B．What；that C．That；that D．That；what
21．Two ancient Chinese vases， worth$1，000，were sold at Sothebv’s last Monday．
A．which B．each C．every D．all
22．The computers we use today are much better than we used ten years ago．
A．one B．that C．ones D．those
23. of them are party members．Some 0f them are League members．
A．None B．Neither C．No one D．Not all
24．-Why don’t we take a 1ittle break?
-Didn’t we just have ?
A．it B．that C．one D．this
25．One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow，and ．
A．the other is white B．another white
C．the other white D．another is white
26．Some people would rather ride bike as bike riding has of the trouble of taking buses.
A.nothing B.none C.some D.neither
27．The two friends met by chance .
A．another day B．some day C．the other day D．other day
28．-Which of the two Italian films do you like better?
- ，because they are meaningless．
A．Both B．Either C．None D．Neither
29． don’t visit this part of the town．
A．The most tourists B．Most tourists C．Most of tourists D．Most the tourists
30．--Would you like some soft drink?
--Yes，but only ．
A．a few B．a little C．few D．1ittle
31．-Which coat would you prefer，sir?
-I’ll take ，to have a change sometimes．
A．all them B．them all C．both them D．them both
32．-Do you have at home now，mum?
-No，we still have to get scores of eggs and some vegetables．
A．nothing B．everything C．anything D．something
33．It was a great party． enjoyed it．
A．All of us B．Evervbody of us C．Everybody D．All
34．If this dictionary is not yours， can it be?
A．what else B．who else C．which else’s D．who else’s
35．-Have you finished your report yet?
-No，I’ll finish it in ten minutes．
A．another B．other C．more D．less
36．-Is here?
-No，Bob and Tim have asked for leave．
A．anybody B．somebody C．everybody D．nobody
37．Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers．
Now she would 1ike to read stories by writers from countries．
A．some；any B．other；some C．some；other D．other；other
38．Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but didn’t help．
A．he B．which C．she D．it
39．They are good friends． is no wonder that they know each other so well．
A．This B．That C．There D．It
40．This bus service is very good．There’s bus ten minutes．
A．each B．any C．all D．every
41．Mr Zhang’s English is very fluent，but he speaks Chinese．
A．1ittle B．fewer C．few D．1ess
42．-What Would you like to eat?
-I don’t mind． - whatever you’ve got．
A．Something B．Anything C．Nothing D．Everything
代词与it的用法
l-5 CBDCB 6-10 ACCDC 11-15 BACDA 16-20 DCCBA 2l-25 BDDCC 26-30 BCDBB
3l-35 DBADA 36-40 CCDDD 41-42 AB
篇7：高考复习讲与练（11）虚拟语气
一、考点聚焦
1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中
（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如：
If I were a boy, I would join the army.
If the had time, she should go with you.
（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如：
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.
（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/
could might + 动词原形。如；
If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：
If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)
以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：
条件状语从句 主 句
与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词
与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形
与将来事实相反 一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形 Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形
有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主语”。如：
Were I a boy, I would join the army.
Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.
Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.
2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句
（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。
①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如：
I wish it were spring all the year round.
I wish I had known the answer.
I wish I could fly like a bird.
②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如：
She suggested we (should)leave here at once.
The doctor ordered she should be operated.
（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。
作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。如：
His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.
My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.
（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。
在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：
It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.
It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.
It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.
注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：
It is pity that you can’t swim.
3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用
（1）虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。如：
He did it as if he were an expert.
Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.
（2）虚拟语气用于定语从句中。
这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) … ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在)该……”。如：
It’s time that I picked up my daughter.
It’s high time we were going.
（3）虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。如：
If only I were a bird.
If only I had taken his advice.
（4）虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。
①情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。如：
It would be better for you not to stay up too late.
Would you be kind enough to close the door?
②用于一些习惯表达法中。如：
Would you like a cup of tea?
I would rather not tell you.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______. (NMET 95)
A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken
解析：答案为C。本题考查的是as if 引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，as if引导的状语从句如果与事实一致，不用虚拟语气，如果与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”。而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反，前半部分陈述是一般现在时，因而本句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用were broken。
2. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ___________, she would have met my brother.(NMET 94)
A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come
解析：答案为D。本题考查的是if条件句中的虚拟语气。题意是：我在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此如果“她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟，所以if从句中用had+过去分词。
3. -If he ___________, he ________that food.
-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(NMET 93)
A.was warned; would not take
B.had been warned; would not have taken
C.would be warned; had not taken
D.would have been warned; had not taken
解析：答案为B。本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法。根据下一句语境可知，他事先并没有得到警告，表示过去时间的虚拟语气，故选B。
虚拟语气
1．I enjoyed the movie very much．I wish I the book from which it was made．
A．have read B．had read C．should have read D．am reading
2．You are late．If you a few minutes earlier,you him．
A．came；Would meetB．had come；Would have met
C．come；Will meet D．had come；would meet
3．I can’t stand him．He always talks as though he everything
A．knew B．knows C．has know D．had known
4．His doctor suggested that he short trip abroad．
A．will take B．would take C．take D．took
5．We might have failed if you us a helping hand．
A．have not given B．would not give C．had not given D．did not give
6．The law requires that everyrone his car checked at least once a month．
A．has B．have C．had D．will have
7．He was busy yesterday，otherwise he to the meeting．
A．would come B．would have been C．could have been D．would be
8．If there were no subjunctive mood，English much easier．
A．will be B．would have been C．could have been D．would be
9． the fog，we should have reached our schoo1．
A．Because of B．In spite of C．In case of D．But for
10．-What will you do during winter vacation?
-I don’t know，but it’s about time something
A．I decided B．I’ll decide C．I’d decided D．I’m deciding
11．He was very busy yesterday，otherwise，he to your birthday party．
A．would come B．came C．would have come D．should come
12．The two strangers talked as if they friends for years．
A．should be B．had been C．have been D．were
13．Look! What you’ve done!You have been more careful．
A．should B．may C．ought D．would
14．Without electricity，what ?
A．will the world be like B．would the world be like
C．the world will be like D．the World Would be like
15．With your ability，you out the puzzle within a few minutes．
A． could have worked B．need have worked
B． C．ought have worked D．must have worked
16．My suggestion is that the sick boy to hospital as soon as possible．
A．is taken B．must be taken C．be taken D．has to be taken
17．If we had not missed the bus，we lunch at home now．
A．would have had B．would have C．must be having D．would be having
18． here yesterday，he would attend the lecture with us today．
A．Had he been B．If he were C．Were he D．Should be he
19．His tired face suggested that he really tired after the 1ong walk．
A．had been B．was C．be D．should be
20．Do you feel that I the problem in a different way the other day?
A．should come B．should have solved C．have solved D．solved
21．0ur chairman hasn’t come yet．If he on time，we would have to put off the meeting．
A．should come B．would come C．shouldn’t come D．doesn’t come
22．He insisted that he really very tried and that he to have a rest．
A．was；be allowed B．was；must be allowed
C．should be；must be allowed D．should be；be allowed
23．He did his best in everything； he would not have been what he was．
A．and B．but C．otherwise D．but that
24．I do I could give you a hand．
A．hope B．wish C．expect D．think
25．I Would rather she tomorrow than today．
A．come B．came C．should D．has come
26．The guard at the gate insisted that everybody the rules．
A．obeys B．obey C．will obey D．Would obey
27．I her if I thought she would understand．
A．would tell B．will tell C．Would have to1d D．told
28．The teacher requires Rose by heart 15 English words each day．
A．1earn B．to learn C．must learn D．1earning
29．-If he ，he that food．
-Luckily he was sent to the hospita1 immediate1y．
A．Was warmed；would not take B．had been warmed；wou1d not have taken
C．would be warmed；had not taken D．would have been warmed；had not taken
30．Without electricity human life quite different today．
A．is B．will be C．would have been D．Would be
虚拟语气
l-5 BBACC 6-10 BBDDA 11-15 CBABA 16-20 CDABBD 21-25 CACBB 26-30 BCBBD
篇8：高考英语状语从句语法知识点与学习方法
一、时间状语从句
1、when的用法
(1)when既可引导一个持续性动作，也可引导一个短暂性动作，可用于表示主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作，有时还可表示从句动作后于主句，意为“当。。。时候”。
(2)when在be about to do。。。when。。。，be doing。。。when。。。，had done。。。when。。。，be on one’s way。。。when。。。，be on the point of doing。。。when。。。等结构中，作“那时突然”讲。
(3)when “既然、鉴于;尽管，虽然(位于主句之后);如果”
2、while的用法
(1)表示“当。。。时候”，引导的动作必须是延续性的。
(2)用作并列连词，表示相对关系“然而”。
(3)引导让步状语从句，相当于although,意为“虽然”，位于主句前。
(4)引导条件状语从句，相当于as/so long as，意为“只要”。
3、as 的用法
(1)表示“当。。。时候”，强调同时发生，不指先后。
(2)说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，表示“随着”，表示时间的推移。
(3)表示“一边。。。一边。。。”。
(4)强调两个动作紧接着发生。
(5)表示“虽然，尽管”。
(6)其他含义“正如，正像”，“作为”，“由于，因为”。
4、before的用法
(1)一般意为“在。。。之前”“。。。才”，“。。。就”“还没有。。。”“免得”“不知不觉”“宁可，宁愿”，“否则，要不然”。
(2)It + will be/was + 时间段+before+一般现在时/一般过去时。在肯定句中，意为“多长时间之后才”;在否定句中，意为“用不了多长时间就”。
5、until和till
(1)与肯定句连用，必须是延续性动词。
(2)与否定句连用，必须是非延续性动词，表示“直到。。。才，在。。。之前不。。。”。
注意：not until可用于强调句和倒装句
强调句：It is/was not until…that…倒装句：not until 放句首时，主句要部分倒装。
6、since的用法
(1)since后是非延续性动词，时间起点从该动作发生算起，意为“做某事多久了”;since后是延续性动词，时间起点从该动作结束算起，意为“不做某事已有多长时间”。
(2)It is/has been +时间段+since+一般过去时
7、表示“一......就......”的句型
(1)as soon as, once,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译作“一。。。就。。。”，这类从句中，经常用一般现在时态代替将来时态。
(2)on doing sth.或“on one’s+名词”作时间状语。
8、有些名词和副词可以起连接词的作用，引导时间状语从句。
注意：时间状语从句中不用将来时态。若要表示将来时间，可用一般现在时态表示。但when引导名词性从句时，从句中要使用将来时。
二、地点状语从句
1、地点状语从句由where,wherever引导。
注意：where与where的区别：Where表特定的地点，而wherever表示非特定的地点。
Wherever=to/at any place where
2、地点状语从句与定语从句的区别
Where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词;而状语从句前则无先行词。
三、原因状语从句
引导词：because, since,as, now that, not that…, but that…, seeing that, considering that, in that
注意：for也可以表示原因，属并列连词，但不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断，用于表示补充说明理由。
四、目的状语从句
引导词：so, so that, in order that, that, to the end that(以便，为了)，in case,for fear that,lest(以免，以防)，
目的状语从句中通常有情态动词can,could,may,might,should,would等。
注意：1、in case 还可表示“万一，假如”。
2、目的状语从句可以用so as to, in order to 等不定式代替，但主句和从句的主语必须一致。
五、结果状语从句
引导词：so...that(如此。。。以至于。。。)，such...that(如此。。。以至于。。。)，so that(结果是)，with the result that(所以，结果是)
注意：(1)so...that与such...that的区别
So+形容词such+a/an+形容词+单数名词
So+形容词+a/an+单数名词such+形容词+复数名词
So+副词such+形容词+不可数名词
So many/few+复数名词
So much/little+不可数名词
(2)so that引导的目的状语从句与so that 引导的结果状语从句
目的状语从句一般使用情态动词，结果状语从句一般不使用情态动词;
结果状语从句常常用逗号与主句分开。
(3)so...that与so...as;such...that与such...as
So...that/such...that为结果状语从句;so...as/such...as为定语从句。
六、条件状语从句
引导词：if(如果)，unless(除非)，if only(只要，但愿)，only if(只有)，in case(万一)，suppose/supposing(that)
(假设)，provided/providing(that)(只要，假若)，on condition that(要是，在。。。条件下)，so/as long as(只要)，(let's/let us)say(假设)
七、方式状语从句
引导词：as(像。。。一样，正如。。。)，as if/as though(好像，宛如)
注意：1、固定句型A is to B what C is to D.意为“A对B而言正如C对D一样”。
2、as if, as though引导的从句若与事实相反，用虚拟语气;若与事实相符，不用虚拟语气。
八、让步状语从句
引导词：though/although/as(虽然，尽管)，even if/though(即使，尽管)，whether/no matter whether...or(not)
(不管。。。是否，不管是。。。还是)wh-ever/no matter wh-(无论。。。)
注意：(1)though,although,as的区别
A、Though,although的主句中可以用yet, still, nevertheless,但不可使用but。
B、though引导的从句可以倒装，也可以不倒装;as引导的从句必须倒装;although引导的从句不能倒装。
其结构为：形容词/分词/副词/动词原形/名词(无冠词)+as/though+主语+谓语……
(2)though可用作副词，放在句末，意为“不过，但是”。Although无此用法。
(3)某些短语也引导让步的从句或短语，意为“尽管”，如：in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that, regardless of(the fact that)
九、比较状语从句
引导词：as...as(和。。。一样)，not as/so...as(和。。。不一样)，than(比)，the more...the more...(越。。。越。。。)
十、状语从句中的省略问题
1、在状语从句中如果主语与主句的主语一致，同时从句中又含有系动词be，则通常可省去从句的主语和系动词be,留下其余部分。
2、若状语从句中主语是it, 动词是系动词be, 则通常可省去主语it及系动词be,留下其余部分。
英语学习方法有哪些?
听、说、读、写是学习英语的正确顺序，但在传统英语教学中，听和说往往被忽视，课堂上注重的是应试能力，但这并不提倡。那么，英语学习方法有哪些呢?
听力：
英语听力的提升是需要适应的一个过程，需要长期坚持，要持续不要断续。对于听力的练习途径当然是录音，除了老师会在学校教室里放，自己也要经常去听，要坚持听，只有听多了才能知根知底，最好是一遍听，一遍写下来，可以从刚开始的听一两句，写一两句，到后面逐渐增加，这是一种看得见的实质提升。
单词：
一篇文章能不能看懂，关键在于你的词汇量掌握多少，如果词汇量多，那么不说能完全看懂文章，但是知道个大概是完全没有问题的，所以我们想要学英语，那么就必须要记住更多的单词。
语法：
语法的重要性相信是不必多说的，我们的同学最好是有一个语法总结本，可以在里面记录其语法，语法本身就是英语的核心，想要学好英语，那么会语法是必须的，同学们可以尝试着用背诵来理解语法，对于一些语法如果记不住，那么就记忆一些关键的语法句子，这样会让你的英语学习事半功倍。
篇9：英语高考复习讲与练（7）形容词和副词
一、考点聚焦
1、形容词、副词的作用与位置
形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记；
（1）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。
a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high
（2）表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。
（3）用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如：
I have something important to tell you.
（4）else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。
（5）enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。
（6）几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。如：
We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.
（7）频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后，行为动词前。
（8）副词作定语，定语后置。如：
The person there is waiting for you.
（9）几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（大小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。如：
a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,
the man’s first tow interesting little red French oil paitings
（10）以-ly结尾的词性辨析。
①下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。
②表愿意（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副词：
deep深 wide宽广 high高 low位置低
deeply深入地 widely广泛地 highly高度地 lowly地位卑微
③有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：
dead完全，绝对be dead asleep
deadly非常be deadly tired
pretty相当be pretty certain that…
prettily漂亮地be prettily dressed
close近Don’t sit close.
closely密切地Watch closely!
late晚、迟arrive late, come late
lately最近I haven’t seen him lately(recently).
2、复合形容词的构成
（1）形容词 + 名词 + ed
kind-hearted好心的，white-haired白发的
(2)形容词 + 形容词
red-hot炽热的，dark-blue深蓝的
（3）形容词 + 现在分词
good-looking好看的，easy-going随和的
（4）副词 + 现在分词
hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving快速转动的
（5）副词 + 过去分词
hard-won得来不易的，newly-made新建的
（6）名词 + 形容词
life-long终生的，world-famous世界闻名的
（7）名词 + 现在分词
peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving爱开玩笑的
（8）名词 + 过去分词
snow-covered白雪覆盖的，hand-made手工的
（9）数词 + 名词 + ed
four-storeyed 4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的
（10）数词 + 名词（名词用单数）
ten-year 10年的,two-man两人的
3、形容词和副词的比较等级
（1）原级的构成和用法。
构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。
用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构。如：
Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.
This building looks not so (as)high as that one.
Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .
This room is three times as large as that one.
（2）比较级和最高级的构成。
掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。
（3）比较级的用法。
①对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如：
This picture is more beautiful than that one.
②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如：
This room is less beautiful than that one.
③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修饰。如：
He works even harder than before.
注意：英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“…一些”或不译出，一般不可有“更”。如：
She is better than she was yesterday
Please come earlier tomorrow.
另注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。如：
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语），the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语）”的结构（意为“越……越……”）。如：
The harder he works, the happier he feels.
⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。如：
The weather is getting colder and colder.
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于……）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在……之前）等。
He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.
⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。
The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.
A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
⑧倍数表达法。（A）A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）。The new bui9lding is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。（B）A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。（C）A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.
(4)最高级的用法。
①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如：
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works(the)hardest in his class.
②最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如：
This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.
How much did the secon most expensive hat cost?
③表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。
④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。如：
He is the tallest(boy)in his class.
⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如：
Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.
(5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。
①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。
②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。如：
He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)
The film is most interesting.(most=very)
③表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加the。如：
who is the older of the tow boys?
④在“the + 比较级…，the + 比较级…”结构中。
⑤在same前一般要加the。
⑥有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等。
（6）由as / so组成的形容词或副词短语。
① as much as + 不可数名词数量。
Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.
She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.
②as many as + 可数名词数量 多达
I have as a many as sixteen referrence books.
③as early as早在
As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.
④as far as远到；就……而知（论）
We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.
As far as I know（就我所知），he has been there before.
⑤may (might, could)as well不妨、不如
Then you might as well stay with us here.
⑥as … as can be到了最……的程度，极其
They are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信。
⑦as … as one can
He began to run, as fast as he could.
⑧as … as possible
Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.
(7)几组重要的词语辨析。
①very 和much的区别。（A）可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。(B)表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情况下，以-ing、-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jack’s attitude。(C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exicting。（D）too前用much或far,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。 There’s far too little opportunity for adventue these days.We’ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.（E）关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构：（a）修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very,而用quite completely、well、entirely。如：quite wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、quite impossible、quite perfect等。（b）修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid。(c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold / frightening。
②so … that … 与such … that … 的区别。
so + 形容词 / 副词 + that …
so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that …
so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that …
such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that …
such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that …
such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that …
注意：下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有many、much、little、few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。但当little表示“小”时用such。如：These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves.下列so的用法是错误的：so a diffcult problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather。
③其他几组词的辨析。（A）ago、before:ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。（B）already、yet、still:already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。
(C)too、also、either:too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。(D)good、well:与good不同的是，well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好”，也作副词修饰动词。(E)quick、fast:作形容词皆表“快”。fast多指运动的物体，含持续的意思。quick多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。(F)real、true:形容词表“真的”。real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语；true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。(G)hard、difficult:均表“困难”，但hard通常指体力上困难；difficult则指智力或技能上的困难，困难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语。
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science.（NMET 2001）
A.an art much as B.much an art as
C.as an art much as D.as much an art as
解析：答案为D。本题可从考查形容词的同级比较点入手。在同级比较as…as句式中，如果as后面的形容词作定语且其所修饰的名词前有不定冠词时，该冠词须置于形容词之后，即形成“as + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + as”结构。这道题在名词专题中也有解析，不同的是观察视角不同，应注意培养发散思维。
2. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, __________if you don’t speak the language.(NMET 2000)
A.extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially
解析：答案为D。本题考查副词的词义辨析。注意掌握词语的准确含义，结合语境进行分析。A项意为“极端地”；B项意为“自然地”；C项“基本上”；D项“尤其，特别地”。根据句意“如果你不会讲（它的）语言，在国外你就总会困难重重”可知答案。
3. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ______known for his plays.(NMET 1998)
A.the best B.more C.better D.the most
解析：答案为C。本题考查副词的比较级和最高级。要把握句式之间的联系，抓住句子的隐藏信息，结合语境进行分析。根据句意，句中but后应有一词组be well known for…。同时，应注意到前后两个分句把professor White的短篇小说和戏剧进行了对比，故应用well的比较级。
形容词与副词
1．If we had followed his plan，we could have done the
job better with money and people．
A．1ess；less B．fewer；fewer C．1ess；fewer D．fewer；less
2．It is impossible for so workers to do so work in a single day．
A．few；much B．few；many C．1ittle；much D．little；many
3．-If you don’t like the red coat，take the blue one．
-0K，but do you have size in blue?This one is a bit tight for me．
A．big B．a bigger C．the big D．the bigger
4．After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced tractors in 1988 as the year before．
A．as twice many B．as many twice C．twice as many D．twice many as
5．-How did you find your visit to the museum?
-I thoroughly enjoyed it．It was than I expected．
A．far more interesting B．even much interesting
C．so more interesting D．a lot much interesting
6．If there were no examinations，we should have at schoo1．
A．the happiest time B．a more happier time C．much happiest time D．a much happier time
7．On the river there is bridge．
A．an old fine stone B．a fine new wood
C．a stone fine old D．a new wood fine
8．If I had ，I’d visit Europe，stopping at all the small interesting places．
A．a long enough holiday B．an enough long holiday
C．a holiday enough long D．a long holiday enough
9．It Was raining heavily．Little Mary felt cold，so she stood to her mother．
A．close B．closely C．closed D．closing
10．The means of getting from place to place in
the city is the bus．
A．most commonly useful public B．most commonly public used
C．public used more commonly D．most commonly used public
11.Alice is going camping with girls．
A．1ittle two other B．two other little
C．two 1ittle other D．1ittle 0ther two
12.Where have you been days?
A．all last these few B．these all last few
C．1ast all few these D．all these last few
13.He has made progress that all of us want to learn from him．
A．such a good B．so good a
C．a so good D．such good
14.All the people at the party were his supporters.
A．present B．thankful C．interested D．important
15.This kind of apple tastes and sells
A．well；well B．good；good C．good；well D．well；good
16．The storm kept me all through the night．
A．awake B．awoke C．awaked D．awaken
17．My brother was still studying into the night while I was asleep．
A．1ate；sound B．1ately；wide C．deeply；far D．far；late
18．The temperature of a person is about 37℃．
A．formal B．normal C．common D．usual
19．I’m always very when I was asked to recite the text in class．
A．curious B．nervous C．mysterious D．sad
20．It Was impossible for her to get the 9 o’clock train，I know she got up at
9：15．
A．quite B．very C．too D．much
形容词与副词
1-5 CABCA 6-10 DBAAD 11-15 BDDAC 16-20 AABBA
文档为doc格式
