以下是小编帮大家整理的托福写作考试题型介绍，本文共17篇，欢迎大家分享。
篇1：托福写作考试题型介绍
托福写作考试题型介绍
新托福考试的写作部分两大题
包括两道试题，分别是综合写作试题部分和独立写作试题部分，两个部分需在大约50分钟的时间内完成。
综合写作试题部分：考生需要首先阅读一篇学术文章，阅读的时间是3分钟左右。然后文章隐去，这时考生需要听一段大约为1分半钟的演讲。但是考生在写作文时可以看到在放听力材料时隐去的阅读材料。考生在阅读和听录音的过程中可以做笔记来帮助答题。考生有20分钟的时间来总结听力材料中的要点，并解释这些要点与阅读材料中的要点有何关系。作文内容是根据考试所提出的问题而定的，不能由考生自由发挥。，需要考生根据自己的知识和经验陈述、解释并支持对待某一问题的某个看法。通常有效的回答应是一篇300个单词左右的作文。
独立写作试题部分：考生需30分钟的时间完成这一部分写作，与现行机考托福的写作考试或笔试托福写作考试(TWE)类似，需要考生根据自己的知识和经验陈述、解释并支持对某一问题的看法。通常有效的回答应是一篇超过300个单词的作文。考生可以自由选择材料、形式和观点等，不受题目的严格限制。本试题属于主观性题目。
托福备考之综合写作高分攻略
首先，大家要了解考试的要求。托福考试的写作部分分为综合(Integrated writing)和独立(Independentwriting)两块，这两块分别独立评分，取平均值后得到最终的分数。也就是说，这两个部分各占一半权重，因此应给予相同程度的重视。有些同学在准备输出端考试(写作或者口语)的时候，居然连评分细则都不看，仅凭自己的主观臆测和对于老师讲解的依稀记忆去打造自己的文章，考不好真的不奇怪。下面，我们就来分析一下托福考试的评分细则。
托福综合写作的满分要求是：
A response at this level successfully selects the important informationfrom the lecture and coherently and accurately presents this information inrelation to the relevant information presented in the reading. The response iswell organized and occasional language errors that are present do not result ininaccurate or imprecise presentation of content or connections.
大家会发现，这里面的关键词是information和organization，也就是信息量和逻辑，至于语言，并没有提出太多的要求，用词和造句“秋裤”一些没有关系。因此，只要听力和阅读的笔记记得较全，并且能够把听力中的观点和细节表达清楚就可以。需要注意的是，这部分对词数和时间都是有要求的，官方的规定是150-225词，我的建议是180-260词，时限是20分钟。关于summary的结构，一定是四段--introduction+3对detail，不需要conclusion。总体来说，这部分得高分的一定是把听力写得很清楚的同学，事实上听力才是考察的重点，阅读是用来帮助对听力进行理解的，同学们在写听力内容的时候切不可有“这个也要写啊，没必要吧”的想法。另外，阅读的内容在写summary的时候决不可照抄。
了解了综合写作的评分细则，我们可以列出同学们需要锻炼的能力列表：
1、阅读能力
2、听力和速记能力
3、一定的改写能力
下面我们来看看应该如何复习综合写作。首先，大家要对自己的阅读和听力能力有一个认识。对自己的能力有大概认识之后，同学们一定要注意复习方法。很多同学认为自己阅读差就是因为不认识单词，所以拼命背单词;有些同学觉得自己听力差，就花大量时间练习听写。这些方法本身都对能力提高很有好处，但是大家一定要记住，实战才是锻炼能力的最好方式，所以还是希望大家多做全套的综合写作习题。这里推荐一个复习的方法，分成4个步骤：1、首先“裸做”题目，即三分钟阅读，听一遍lecture，然后20分钟写summary。写得不好没关系，接下来需要找出阅读和听力中的硬伤，所谓硬伤就是不认识的单词、不理解的词组、没看懂的句型和也认识也理解也能看懂但是听不出来的单词、词组和句型，统统摘抄到笔记本上;2、将阅读材料中的“硬伤”仔细记忆，再细细地读passage，完全读懂为止，如果没有读懂可以参看书后的翻译，接着练习记笔记，这里主要是练习笔头速度和缩写表达能力，尽量积累出定型的缩写表达以在考场上争取时间;3、将听力中的“硬伤”仔细记忆，再精听lecture，如果听不清可参看听力原文，然后练习记笔记，可多遍练习，放一遍记一遍，尽量详细而不复杂(信息量要大但是单词不要全拼符号不要复杂);4、再次仿真练习，读passage，听lecture，再写summary，然后对书后面的sampleanswer，一定做到不要遗漏听力中的信息。
托福独立写作的常见问题与应对技巧
托福独立写作题目相对而言比较多，经典文库中共计185个，但是每年ETS也会研发出新题，即使是在老题的基础做些许的改动，母题的数量也使得“将所有题目写一遍”这一任务变成mission impossible，而且即使做到了，也是一件投资回报率极低的行为，就算考试的时候出现了原题，估计也不可能回忆所有之前写的细节内容。所以针对独立写作部分的备考我们要更多的总结规律，通过总结来节省备考时间。TOEFL独立写作常见FAQ整理如下：
三选一题型如何处理
很多同学不知道三选一的文章结构应该如何处理。这里其实三选一并不复杂，只需要熟记两个注意点就可以轻松应付：一是三者都要提及;二是并没有唯一的正确结构，结构应该根据题目灵活的选择。我们来看一道例题。
Essay Topic
Which one isthe most important for teacher of high school?
1. The ability to help students plan for their future;
2. The ability to find the students who need help most and help them;
3. Teach students how to learn outside the classroom.
就这道题来讲，题型基本结构的选择有两种：三项能力都重要，但是第一项最重要;或者，第一项是重要的，而第二项和第三项是不重要的。其他的文章结构都是这两种的变体。我们拿第二种结构举例：
总论点：规划未来能力最重要(vs. 发现需要帮助的同学 &教会自学)
主体段1：学生最需要规划，而只有老师有能力提供
主体段2：发现需要帮助的能力不重要，因为学生自己会来找
主体段3：课外自学不重要，高中生没有课外时间
The ability to help student with planning their future is definitely the most important capability for high school teachers.
To begin with, high school students are in desperate need for guidance about their future, and teachers are the only competent candidate to provide it. I know this from my personal experience. When I was in high school, a great portion of my classmates’ only goal is to reach for the minimum requirement for graduation, and to be able to get an offer from a middle-ranged college in the US, as all 15-year-old boys are profoundly addicted to either computer games or love affairs. Because of our immature mind, we had no idea regarding the choice of universities, or the selection of a future career path. What made matters worse is that our high school teachers provided us with virtually zero guidance concerning our college applications, not because they lack of the intention, but simply because they know nothing about it. Consequently, the vast majority of our parents had to hire an outside agency that specializes in the college application process which costs tons of money. Later we realized that this is an utter mistake, for what they did was simply giving us the timeline of the application process, translating our personal statements and recommendation letters from Chinese into English, and finally mailing out all our materials to the US. All of these simple tasks could be performed by ourselves, and these misfortunes surely could have been avoided if we had the luck to meet more competent teachers, with the ability to warn students and their parents about the black-hearted agencies and lay out lucid plans for students’ future.
The capability to find the students who need assistance most and help them, on the other hand, is not that imperative. The reason for this is quite simple, since high school students would come to teachers voluntarily if they are in serious trouble. In other words, many times students don’t want to be bothered by a teacher who treats them like a baby-sitter. As for the “help” part, I firmly hold the faith that all teachers are already equipped with the willingness to solve student’s problem gladly, using their prehistoric powers, no matter how difficult the situation can be. So the willingness to help students should be the minimum standard to be qualified as a teacher.
Similarly, the skill to teach students how to learn outside the classroom is completely unnecessary. For one, most high school students have no time outside their classrooms at all, as all their spare time is already occupied by cram school or by extracurricular activities. Even in the rare circumstance that some students may have free time, parents could always play the part of their instructor on how to self-study.
本篇文章在结构的处理上，做到了清晰、简单。第一个主体段在证明第一项能力是非常必要的。第二、三主体段在分别证明第二、三项能力是不重要的。整个段落结构很明确。这样会更容易获得高分。大家要注意避免结构过于复杂和混乱。
如何丰富整篇文章的结构?
先说答案：另外一个大家经常会有疑惑的问题就是：我的三个主体段全部都是讲故事，好像手法太单一了，会不会被扣分?如何丰富?答案是：有可能;以及，偶尔的使用纯解释型段落。众所周知，TOEFL写作中展开手法有两种，exemplification和explanation。例证显然是二者中更简单的一个。因此，大部分同学都更倾向于使用例证。因为它更容易快速上手，并且大家可以通过举例来展开具体化的细节，从而获得高分。但注意，如果三个主体段全部是讲故事展开，未免会有语言太差的嫌疑。因此，除了例证，我们文章中最好可以稍微涉及到一些说理部分。
举例和说理分别的优势?
大家现在可以重新观察一下范文三个主体段的展开手法。三个主体段一共444字。其中第一段259字，第二段116字，第三段69字。第一段的展开手法为例证(讲故事)，第二、三段均为解释。大家明显感受到例证的优势即为能够更轻松的展开出有效并具体化的细节，或俗称“好凑字”。解释的好处为语言简练，表达效率高，文章的递进性、节奏会更紧凑。
举例和说理分别的劣势?
例证在TOEFL写作中并无太明显的劣势。解释的劣势就比较明显了。同样的一个分论点，有的同学用例证可以很轻松写到200字，而解释只能说到100字。有的同学可能有个刻板印象：讲故事的语言通常比较简单，句式单一，因此不容易得高分。注意，讲故事语言和句式也是可以复杂的;或者大家可以选择简单但地道的表达，可同样可以获得满分。
答题战略、以及举例和说理的优劣小结
因此我们以后考场上的答题战略很简单。第一段为例证段落。目的为使劲凑字，尽量直接写满200字。第二、三段可以选择简短的小故事或者解释性段落，分别写到60～100字左右。这样主体段已经达到至少320字，再加上开头结尾段，可以轻松满足350字的字数要求。
如何练好说理?
说理对语言和句式的要求要明显高于例证。因此一定要有扎实的基本功的支持才能够写出漂亮的说理段落。关于句式的练法，可以参考强化班上的句型基本构成以及句型转化练习。
如何练好例证?
例证的套路大家都很熟悉。很多同学的问题出在没思路上。比如，一道题目问说：我们的闲钱应该拿去旅游好，还是存到银行好?有同学说，存起来更好，因为可以未雨绸缪。这是一个很好的分论点，那么如何以例证的方式来展开呢?有同学说可以使用反证法：我有一个朋友Foosen，他就不存钱，后来他就死的很惨。用此例来强调存钱的必要性。大部分同学都能够想到这一步，问题会处在如何用故事来展开死的很惨，以及什么事情导致Foosen死的很惨。我们来看一篇来自万炜老师的范文：
To begin with, as a young man living in a big city, I need to start saving up from now on, because there are a lot of things in the future costing tons of money. Take my good friend Foosen for example. He is an optimistic guy who prefers to seize the day. He can spend all his salary within just two days either on luxuries or on trips. Before he was even 22, he already went around the whole Africa. Unfortunately, not everything goes according to plan. Last year during his trip to South Africa, he accidentally broke his leg and had to go through surgery. However, since he could not cover the expense, he had to call everybody to borrow money. It took so long for him to collect the money that the surgery was delayed. As a result, the recovery period for him was 2 months longer than everyone else’s. Now, this example might be a particular instance, and it is out of his expectation. Nonetheless, in today’ssociety, even the potential spending within our expectation is already quite worrying. For instance, in Beijing, if I wish to purchase a 30-squaremeter apartment, it would cost me over 3 million yuan; if I want to invite, say, 20 friends to my wedding, I would have to pay over 200,000 yuan; not to mention if I have a child and want to support his education, it would cost at least 50,000 yuan per year just for him to go to kindergarten. It aches mejust to look at these horrifying numbers. If I don’t save up for my future, there would be no future. (275 words)
故事描述了主人公Foosen，由于是乐天派并且坚持活在当下，进而展开月光、全世界各地旅游;到之后有一次意外摔断腿，需要做手术，但没有存钱，从而导致恢复期比普通人长了两个月。大部分的同学就是这些故事的“细节”想不到，或者没思路。如何解决?很简单，就是多看。因为讲故事并没有一个明显的模式或公式可以使用。According to a Personalized Education: Schooling for Tomorrow published by OECD in , “Brains have the ability to generate rulesfrom examples. All that is needed, therefore, are the right examples – lotsand lots of them.”其实就是我们中学老师总的说的那句话，“量的积累产生质的飞跃。”大家想练好例证，只需要找到优秀的讲故事型范文，仿写10篇左右，自然会掌握规律。关于仿写的方法，大家可以关注我的公众号”Foosen资料库”进一步了解。
托福备考之独立写作题目练习
同不同意：Some people think that 最重要的品质 in choosing the leader of a school organization or club is 诚实.
Leaders of all kinds should have lots of qualities in order to thrive together with the team. Persistence, passion, confidence and personal charisma, to name a few. When it comes to question of whether honesty is the most important qualities of all for a leader in a student organization, I, personally, would say honesty is definitely not the most important even though it is a contributing factor for a qualified leader and there are other qualities that are more urgent than being honest.
First off, being a good listener and able to communicate well with fellow members can be more important than being honest. Only when a leader sits down and listens patiently to problems and concerns of his or her members, can he or she become an effective leader in a student organization. Also, being an effective communicator can also be equally important since it is essential to convey emotions and ideas clearly to others, and when the leader get his or her ideas across to the fellow members, it enjoys a better chance to be implemented. A leader with exceptional communication skills is very confidence and personable when they are interacting with others. Since they can grab the listeners' attention, it is very easy for them to build rapport with strangers and thus they enjoy better chance to broaden their social networks.
Additionally, it is more essential for leaders of student organizations to be compassionate about the community and set exemplars for their fellow members than just being honest. Actually, lots responsibilities of student leaders involve various volunteer programs and philanthropic activities, if leaders of students body are not committed to getting involved in charitable activities, there will be a lack of energy level and passion among his or her fellow members. To be more specific, students organizations involved in lots of volunteer activities, like collecting food, managing the inventory and distributing food to those in need. They also volunteer in homeless shelters to prepare food or even work behind the scene in the business office. If leaders are motivated to take the initiative and contribute their time and other resources to the community in the first place, chances are that his or her members would follow suit.
In all, students leaders should have more important qualities other than being honest like excellent communication skills, compassion about their community and dedication to their endeavors.
篇2：托福写作题型结构分类介绍
宁波新东方 李瑾老师
Cradles of cultivating talents, universities are supposed to provide most high-caliber education. Responding to the expectation, universities have to think the issue over. Compared with hiring more teachers, from my own perspective, keeping facilities and resources in the universities most advanced and updated is more essential not only for students but also for renowned professors.
First of all, students are able to enjoy a better study environment if their schools utilize advanced equipment. With the assistance of exquisite inventions such as electronic screen and projectors, as well as laboratory equipment, like microscopes and chemical reactors, studying would no longer be a tedious and repetitious information engrafting process, but a way everyone would like to get involved in. Similarly, definitions and formulas of physics and chemistry will graven in students’ minds deeply if they are aided by the equipment when experimenting. However, hardly can professors crystalize abstract concepts into definite ideas without advanced teaching devices.
What is more, as for famous teachers themselves, a university that does not invest in its facilities would be appealing. To be constantly enthusiastic on researching their respective academic fields, teachers have a great demand for exquisite facilities to maintain progressing on their own fields. The most sophisticated technological devices offered in universities enable these teachers to conduct successful researches and remain at the top, which is really attractive to those renowned professors. By contrast, old and obsolete teaching and studying facilities will certainly not inspire teachers to keep further academic researching. Also, practically impossible will teachers have interest in making progress.
Granted, it is conceded that hiring more teachers in universities means guaranteeing education quality in some sense because every student will be concerned and cared about. Even slightest and most subtle academic performance changes of students will be noticed; therefore, teachers can encourage and guide frustrated and upsetting students in time. However, while weighing the benefits brought by investing in facilities and hiring more teachers, we can conclude that facilities are more worthwhile.
In conclusion, I should reiterate that universities should update their facilities, making a top priority. Without advanced facilities, a university will not be helped further improved.
托福写作写作参考二:
7月16日托福独立写作范文(新东方孟炎)
Advanced facilities, like libraries, research center, university hospital are indispensible parts of a good university while famous teachers are also a big component of a prestigious higher institution. Personally, I think it is better for universities to spend more money in hiring famous professors.
Admittedly, research centers can be a place where advanced technology is incubated, a library that incorporates state-of-the-art technology can also be conducive to students' study, however, I still believe that famous professors play a more significant role in assessing the reputation of a university.
First off, well-respected professors in a specific field can bring lots of benefits not only to the whole community but also to the university. To more specific, prestigious professors can come up with theories and solutions to the most intriguing problems faced by human beings, like treatment of cancers, diabetes and even heart attack. Economists can use data and economic models in their empirical study to predict the economy, and it can provide lots of information for the authority to make timely adjustment to their policies. Electronic engineers can design some micro-chips that can sustain large-scale computation. The benefits that professors bring to the school can be also enormous. For instance, a Novel Prize laureate can attract countless research foundations and donations from both the private and public sectors, with this large sum of money, the university can in turn renovate labs, research centers and even libraries.
Additionally, well-established professors and researchers can educate and enlighten brilliant young students and cultivate future scientists. Famous professors are usually expert in education, they might have been teaching and researching in their field for more than a few decades, thus have accumulated lots of rich teaching experience and developed the most effective teaching approach. Together with their superb charisma, lots of bright young adults will be motivated and inspired and therefore embark on the road of scientific endeavor and exploration. Such inspirations and motivations cannot be brought by improved facilities. Indeed, it is the expertise and charisma of these famous professors that attract thousands of brilliant young students to enroll in a college.
To conclude, hiring more famous professors are more advisable than renovating facilities since the scientific discoveries brought by professors can bring colossal benefits to both the community and the university, and also the expertise and charisma of well-established professors can attract, enlighten and cultivate future scientists.
托福写作范文：想要高薪但是工作时间长的工作吗
托福写作真题重现
Would you prefer a higher pay job with longer work time or an average pay job with normal work time.
托福写作模板及参考答案：
托福写作范文参考:
篇3：托福听力考试题型
听力开始不久，会有提示让考生佩戴耳机，之后是让考生调节音量。有细心的网友指出，这两个环节是非常特别的电脑不会自动进入下一步的环节。也就是说，只有等考生按了continue确认，系统才会进入下一个步骤。所以这两个环节，可以让过早进入考场，但又想晚点开考口语的朋友利用来拖延时间(不过大家如果都这么做，考试也难以进行了：P)。
听力考试没有加考的话应该是两个部分组成，每个部分20多分钟，若有加考，则加试一个部分。每个部分由一段(校园)对话和两段(学术)讲座组成。(校园)对话一般集中在两种场景，一类往往是学生和教授/老师的对话，多讨论学习进展，论文写作等话题，一类往往是学生和学校(宿舍、图书馆等)管理员之间的对话，往往是学生遇到了住宿，借书之类的问题和管理员商量解决问题的办法。(学术)讲座内容比较广泛，而且也不一定都是教授/老师一个人讲，期间可能会有和学生的.讨论穿插其中(往往还是考点)。
每部分17个问题，每当一段听力材料结束后，进入答题界面，此时会进入倒计时，每部分共用10分钟答题。也就是说，一段材料放完后，平均有3分20秒可以用来回答5-6个问题。不过大多数考生都反映10分钟答题足够了，往往还会多出1两分钟。
要注意的是，听力题目每一题做好之后，是不能返回，不能修改的。而且也只有按照顺序，一题做完，才能做下一题，这和阅读考试做题能返回修改很不一样。
这里假设听力有加考，则一共要考9段材料(3段对话，6段讲座)。但同样地，无法知道哪些材料是加考篇目。如果听力没有加考，则只考6段材料(2段对话，4段讲座)。
听力部分的考试难度，考生大都反映比OG的听力稍难些，比Delta的听力稍简单些，速度也慢些。考试中听力题目选项的干扰性大体上不太明显。
篇4：托福听力考试题型
(一)Basic Comprehension Questions 对材料的基本理解
1.Gist-Content (内容主旨题，理解讲座或对话的主旨大意)
2.Gist-Purpose (目的主旨题，考察对话目的)
3.Detail (细节题，听懂并记住讲座或对话中明晰的细节或事实)
(二)Pragmatic Understanding Questions 情景理解题
4.Understanding the Function of What Is Said (句子功能题，测试是否理解某一句话的功能)
5.Understanding the Speaker's Attitude (说话人态度题，考查是否能听出说话人的态度或观点)
(三)Connecting Information Questions ----- 整合信息题
6.Understanding Organization (组织结构题，识别整个听力材料的结构和听力材料中两个部分之间的关系)
7.Connecting Content (连接内容题，考查对材料中各观点之间的关系的理解能力，有时需要根据所听内容来推测)
8.Making Inferences (推论题，根据已听到的内容得出结论)
篇5：托福写作考试介绍：写作考试内容及写作方法
托福写作考试分为综合写作和独立写作，综合写作考察大家归纳能力以及听力和阅读能力，独立写作需要大家写出一篇内容完整论据充分的文章。托福写作考试想要拿高分必需对考试有个详细的了解，接下来我们来具体介绍一下托福写作考试。
托福写作考试介绍：写作考试内容及写作方法
一. 托福写作考试详细介绍
托福写作总时长55分钟，需要完成两个写作任务。
1.综合写作
托福综合写作任务有3个，即阅读、听力与写作。大家可以把阅读一篇有关学术性话题的短文，然后在听力部分你将听到一名演讲者从不同的观点讨论同样的主题。通过阅读或听力材料当成是基础的写作试题，写作时间大概是20分钟。考生们必须要阅读一篇学术演讲，阅读的时间大概是三分钟。然后文章隐去，此时考生们要求听一段演讲时间大概是1分半钟。但是后面当考生写作文时，依然能够看见在放听力材料时隐去的阅读材料。考生在听录音的过程中可以做笔记来帮助答题。考生可以使用剩下的20分钟的时间来总结听力材料中的要点，并解释这些要点与阅读材料中的要求有何不同。通常有效的回答应是一篇150-225个单词的作文。
2.独立写作
立写作任务测试你依据自身的经历与知识写作的能力。大家要把一篇写作完成，通过某一个议题阐述和支持你的观点。在此主要是用具体细节来支持你的观点或选择。关于试题方面的时间大概是30分钟。和如今机考托福的写作或托福写作考试(TWE)类似需要考生根据自己的知识和经验陈述、解释同时支持对待其中一问题的某个看法。尽管从理论上字数并未有上限，但是通常有效的回答应是一篇300个单词左右的作文。每个写作任务的分数是0-5分。考查综合语言技能的作文题目的评分以回答的质量、完整性和准确性为依据。
二. 托福写作方法：3步完成写作
第一步：审题、确定立场、列出理由(只需要在草稿纸上用英文单词或汉语列出各个理由，防止遗忘)，最少3分钟最多5分钟。要避免两个极端：
a.用时太少，理由没有想清楚就开始写，不仅造成文章逻辑结构不清，还会引起行文中频繁的修正，欲速则不达;
b.用时太多，不要追求一次思考就能把每一条理由及相关例证都想出来。其实想出两条之后就可以动笔，各个理由的例证可以写到该段时边思考边写。这一点你不必怀疑，只要你的思维还是正常的，一定能做到。
第二步：正文写作最少22分钟最多26分钟：
a.各段写作时注意对段落的不同部分给予不同的重视。主题句给予最大重视，注意炼句，别说你不想写主题句，主题句可以使读者和笔者本人更清晰该段落写什么。各段中支持性细节写作不必遵循相同的模式。
有n种选择可供参考：1。举具体事例2。说对方相对缺点3。使用数据4。使用假想例子5。使用类比、比喻、引用等修辞手段来论述。哪一种你最容易想出来，就用哪一种。
b.考前将文章开头、结尾、例证、让步等各种句型背熟练，并且练习和模考时把他们用熟，要象做完型填空一样对待考场作文。别试图在考场上再去临时决定比如哪种开头好，怎样结尾好。使用自己选种的套话。
c.当被告知还有5分钟结束时，一般你应该已经写到最后一条理由，或者已经在做结尾。要确保文章有结尾段(不排除将它和最后一条理由的末段结合在一起的可能性)。
第三步：检查需要1-3分钟，有侧重点地检查：
a.句法：确保每句话是完整的，有谓语，且简单句只有一个谓语。
b.时态：文章绝大部分使用的是一般现在时;一般现在时第三人称要使用单数;使用过去发生的事例时用的是过去时;
c.主谓一致
托福写作中容易混淆的词汇
考生由于对形似、意近的词辨别不清，不知道他们各自的具体用法，而在托福写作中出现失误。比如，有的词虽然意思相同，但他们表达同一个意思的程度是不同的;有的英语单词的汉语意思相同，但他们所限定修饰的词、使用的范围或者连接的成分是不同的;有的单词的文体风格不同，有正式和非正式之分。
要注意自己写文章的总体风格，在正式文体中避免使用非正式的语言。鉴于选词的难度，考生应在平时注意多查词典，注意其中所举得例句，在看英语材料时留心写作词汇的具体使用环境，并摘录一些自己能看明白但说不出的表达。
1、Original: Bill Gates gives a definite answer that college educationdoes count.
Revised:Bill Gates gave a definitive answer: college education does count.
Definite意思是“明确的”、“一定的”，指意思明确，不会误解;definitive也是“明确”的意思，但往往指“权威性、最后决定的”。此话出自比尔?盖茨之口，体现权威性，故将definite改为definitive。
2、Original: …people may attend a university orcollege for various reasons...
Revised: …people attend university or college for a multitude of reasons...
此处将various改为短语a multitude of更为正式，体现人们读大学的原因很多。
3、Original: The kinds of education that we got on school are formaland intense ones...
Revised:The kinds of education that we receive at school is formal and of tentimes veryintense.
不必用kindsof education，直接用education(教育)即可;“受教育”不同get，改为receive;“在学校”不必用at school;把one去掉，用oftentimesvery intense指出学校教育常常是非常严格的。
4、Original: They can foster their interests in some fields to makelife more colorful and meaningful.
Revised: Theycan even pick up hobbies to make life more colorful and enjoyable.
Fostertheir interests是“培养兴趣”，此处用pick up hobbies(开始各种各样的兴趣)更为合适;不同的兴趣是我们生活的调味剂，使我们的生活多姿多彩，乐趣无穷，把meaningful换成enjoyable，与colorful搭配更合适。
5、Original: Needless to say, more employment means more income andless idle life, so that people can enjoy a better life and make investment intheir future.
Revised:Needless to say, more employment means income and less idle time, so thatpeople can enjoy a better life and invest in their own futures.
把idle life改为idle time更为合适，表示“闲散时间”;make investment可改为动词invest，与and前的动词enjoy词性一致;人们各自有自己的未来，故将in their future改为in their own futures。
6、Original: Another important factor that contributes to the extensionof life expectancy is the development of medical science.
Revised:Another imortant factor that contributes to the rise in life expectancy is thedevelopment of medical science.
“人的寿命的延长”可以表示为life extension，但是如果用life expectancy，则要用the increast of 或the rise in life expectancy。
7、Original: the growth of life span.
Revised:the rise in/increase of life span.
Life span意思是“寿命”，growth指“生长，增长”，“寿命的延长”用growth不合适，life span“寿命的延长”可以用rise in/increaseof/extension of.
8、Original: energy saving
Revised:energy efficiency
Energysaving一般作定语，此处名词短语“节能”最好用energy efficiency。
9、Original: with the increasing complicatedness of the job profile
Revised:with the increasing complexity of the modern jor profile
Complicatedness意思是“错综复杂”，但是这种错综复杂是有逻辑的;complexity也是“复杂”的意思，但这种复杂是杂乱无辜的，现代的工作情况用complexity较为合适。
10、Original: Such experience will difinitely be helpful in children'slater life.
Revised:Such experience will benefit them later in life.
Helpful是“提供帮助”的意思，而benefit是“使…受益”。这里作者想说的是孩子将来的人生会受益于这样的经历，用benefit合适，因为这样的经历不一定能对孩子将来的人生提供什么具体的帮助。
11、Original: In my submission, people should sometimes do things thatthey do not enjoy doing.
Revised:Because of these circumstances, I believe it is inevitable that people must dowhat they don't enjoy doing.
In one'ssubmission虽然也可以表示某人所持的观点，但是这是一种非常formal(正式)的表述，用在这里和整体文章的风格不太相符。
12、Original: For no one can promise what will happen in the future, ifyou don't save some money, an emergency will probably make you a cat on a hotbrick.
Revised:Because no one can predict the future, if you don't save money an unforeseenemergency can be financially crippling.
Promise的意思是“承诺、允诺”，用在这里不合适，作者要说的是没有人能与之未来发生的事，应该用predit。还有，作者在这里用了一个惯用语a cat on a hot brick，这又有一个错误。第一，这个表述本身有错误，正确的应该是like a cat on hot bricks。第二，这个惯用语的意思是“忐忑不安，如热锅上的蚂蚁“，用在这里意思也不太合适。
托福写作中的段落拓展题如何做
时间是考试中很关键的因素，但很可惜很多人备战托福时间不充裕。特别是写作上，短时间很难让他们领会到掌握高分的方法。很多人写作的内容过于单调，达不到字数的要求。即使勉强凑够字数，语言也很普通单一，不能取得高分。
这是一部分问题，如果备考时间不足，考生要抓住自己的重点和弱点，集中解决。如果是段落拓展没有丰富的内容，文章字数不够。历年来很多优秀范文就是备考写作最珍贵的资料，我们可以先以此为例子，多背诵多参照。写作是有模式的，看看好的文章怎么写的，再加入自己的内容，排好段落，一篇优秀的文章也就出炉了。
考试的题目虽然都有人猜想，但话题太多，不要抱着自己一定能猜到的心态，因此还是要多去写不同的题目。但要想拿高分，不仅要符合基本标准，就像中文写作文采很重要，托福写作中不同的也会加分。因此平时储备多种，考试用到文章中绝对一个好招数。最后，既然是考试，还是建议大家提早备战，不要因为时间不够匆忙考试，这样心理上压力不小，也不会有好的结果。
托福写作：六种漂亮的开头方式
1. 采用统计数字引出话题，把问题呈现在读者面前;
2. 提出有争议性的问题，激发读者兴趣，使其积极参与讨论;
3. 以新颖的观点，吸引读者注意力;
4. 呈现该话题正反方的观点;
5. 引用名人名言、谚语等作为文章的开头;
6. 对将要讨论的话题进行定义。
其次，要善于运用复合句，从而使引言段简洁明了，开宗明义。下面我们将探讨雅思与新托福各种题材和体裁文章引言段的写作方法。 引用数据呈现讨论的话题，说明问题的严重性或者重要性，引起读者的关注。下面我们结合几道雅思和新托福作文话题进行实战演练。
教师在线指导，如何备考托福写作考试
我们在写关于体罚的话题文章时，可以这样开头：It is reported that a boy in Zhuhai was beaten to death by his father on Father' Day. Ample evidence also shows that children who are frequently abused by their parents or teachers tend to be introverted, pessimistic, indifferent and even world-weary. Recently, there has arisen a fierce argument on whether corporal punishment should be abolished. Teachers, parents and experts take diverse attitudes towards this issue.(据报道，在父亲节那天，珠海有个小男孩被老爸揍死了。充分的证据也显示，经常遭父母或老师虐待的小孩往往比较内向、悲观、冷漠甚至厌世。近来，关于是否应该废除体罚出现了一场激烈的争论，老师、家长和专家各执一词。)
而我们在托福写作写关于该不该禁烟的话题时，可以这样开头：A recent study conducted by Zhongshan University has found that the number of smokers has been increasing sharply over the past five years. Research findings also reveal that the incidence of smoking-related conditions has soared. As a result, the ban on smoking has been in the spotlight. (中山大学最近做的一个研究表明，在过去五年里，吸烟者人数急剧上升。研究结果同时显示，吸烟导致的疾病发病率也急剧增长。因此，禁烟成了个热点话题。)
篇6：解析常见托福写作题型
解析常见托福写作题型
托福写作题型1. 政府投资
People should keep all the money they earn and should not pay taxes to the state. Do you agree or disagree?
托福写作题型2.文化类
i. It is more important for a building to serve its purposes than to look beautiful. Architects do not need to worry about whether it is a real work of art. Do you agree or disagree?
ii. The international tourism is the biggest industry in the world. To what extent do you think its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages?
托福写作题型 3. 科技影响
Many employees may work at home with modern technol.y. Some people claim that it benefits only workers, but not employers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
托福写作题型 4. 全球化影响
There is a disagreement on the impact of increased business and culture contact between countries on a country’s identity. What is your opinion?
托福写作题型 5. 生活工作
Some people think that changing jobs periodically is good. What is your opinion?
托福写作题型 6. 传媒类
Some people suggest that there should be restrictions on a detailed description of crimes in the newspapers and on television. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
托福写作题型 7. 教育类
i. Some people believe that educating children alt.ether will benefit them. Others think intelligent children should be taught separately and given special courses. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
ii. Today, more school leavers are unable to find jobs. Discuss the causes of rising unemployment among young adults and suggest any solutions.
托福写作题型 8. 环境类
It is said that the best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase the price of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
托福写作题型 9. 动物类
Far too little has been done to prevent animals and plants from dying out, although people have noticed this problem for a long time. Why have people failed to improve this situation? What are your suggestions?
托福写作题型 10.广告类
There are many advertisements directed at children. Parents argue that children are misled, while advertisers consider advertising a source of useful information. What is your opinion?
托福写作：如何避免写出假的thesis statement?
1.这是不是一句grammatically-complete的句子?
2.它是否arguable(可以被议论的)?
3.它是否supportable(可以被支持的)?
4.它是否表达了一个main idea?
5.它是否是个疑问句?
来看一下例子：我的观点是California was the best trip ever. 那么这句话是否是个合格的thesis statement呢?通过问自己这5个问题我们就可以判断出来。
1.这是不是一句grammatically-complete的句子?
是的。这句话有主语和谓语。
2.它是否arguable(可以被议论的)?
是的。很明显，我是通过对比了其他地方的旅行经历才得出了加州是最棒的这一观点。
3.它是否supportable(可以被支持的)?
是的。我会用三个分论点来支持我的观点。1)learning how to surf at Malibu; 2) going sightseeing; 3) meeting Vincent.
4.它是否表达了一个main idea?
是的。我只有一个main idea：having a fantastic time in California.
5.它是否是个问句?
不是问句。
thesis statement永远不可以是一个问句。
所以，基于这五个问题的分析，我们可以确定California was the best trip ever.这句话是一个合格的thesis statement。
在了解了什么是thesis statement的基础上，来看一下什么是假的thesis statement。
a statement of fact 事实的陈述
a.Alaska is a big state.
这是一个不能够被讨论的事实，是一个真理。
b.Californian red wine is the best in the world.
这句话可以作为thesis statement因为是完整的一句话，能够被议论，被支持，表达了一个主要观点，并且不是疑问句。
a question
a. Is global warming a problem?
这里又要强调一遍thesis statement永远不可以是一个问句。
b. Global warming threatens the future of the planet.
这句话可以作为thesis statement因为是完整的一句话，能够被议论，被支持，表达了一个主要观点，并且不是疑问句。
a sentence fragment
a. Paris: the most beautiful cityin Europe.
这句话不是完整的句子。缺少“is”。
b. Without a doubt, the TOEFL iBTis a true measure of your potential.
这句话可以作为thesis statement因为是完整的一句话，能够被议论，被支持，表达了一个主要观点，并且不是疑问句。
simple announce the topic
a. In this essay, I will talkabout the problem of teenagers drinking and driving in my country, Argentina.
这句话只是告诉读者将要写的内容(topic)，而没有出现观点。
b. Personally, I think thatteenagers must finish high school before they can get a driver’s license.
这句话可以作为thesis statement因为是完整的一句话，能够被议论，被支持，表达了一个主要观点，并且不是疑问句。
丨练习：判断真假thesis statement
everyone should learn a foreign language.
How difficult is it to get a perfect score on the TOEFL iBT?
The CEO told us that the company had no other choice but to lay off five thousand employees.
In this essay, I’m going totalk about dogs and cats, and other domestic animals.
Iwona is ecstatic. Her grades are so good she got into Harvard and Yale. Now she must choose which one she will attend.
Last night, I went to an Italian restaurant and had lasagna.
The TOEFL iBT consists of four sections: reading, listening, speaking, and writing.
There are many English language proficiency tests; however, TOEFL is the test you must take if you are serious about studying at an English-speaking college or university.
Drinking a bottle of red wine every day will make you smarter.
Why is the price of gasoline going up?
答案：
真
假
假
假
假
假
假
真
真
假
托福写作：结构性词汇介绍
英文写作和中文写作在行文习惯和逻辑上都有很大的差别，这一点之前在之前介绍如何解决指代不明的问题时就已经提到过了。整体上看，相比于中国(或者说东方)风格的婉转隐晦，美国人则更坚持简洁明了。那么从行文习惯上，这个特点有一个很常见的体现，那就是结构性词汇的使用。这里所说的结构性词汇是我自己起的名字，可能不同的人有不同的说法。这些词汇在文章当中的作用就是表明和构建框架，告诉读者每一部分的内容分别是什么。它们与逻辑关联词的最终目的相似，都是为了使文章看起来调理更加清晰、结构更加合理。
对于综合写作来说，各位老师通常为同学们提供的模板当中很多都是结构性词汇，最典型的就是序数词和类似序数词作用的一些表达。简单的有first，second，third，高级一些的有first of all，moreover，in addition等等。这些是用来分隔和标明综合写作的三段主体段，方便读者(即阅卷人)理解和寻找要点。另外很重要的一种结构性词汇就是“阅读文章提到”“听力部分认为”等等这类说明观点持有者身份的部分。有了这些我们才能明确下面我们所体现的内容到底是哪一份材料的观点，从而避免歧义。
对于独立写作，结构性词汇也有非常重要的作用。与综合写作相同的就是我们需要用到分隔并标明分论点的序数词。这些序数词或者类似功能的词汇出现，读者就能意识到后面一般会紧跟着一个主体段的分论点。除此之外，为了体现清晰的结构脉络，主体段内其他几个关键环节(比如“说理”和“论据”)也需要结构性词汇的引入。比如说理，即把主旨句当中的理由再表达得更清晰明确一些，所以引入说理环节的结构性词汇就可以是：
1. That is to say, ...
2. To be more specific, ...
3. In other words, ...
他们的意思也很简单，分别是“那就是说”“更具体地说”“换句话说”。而引入论据的方式就更简单了，for example/take sth.as an example等等都很常见。
关于结构性词汇的重要性，笔者也是在美国留学的过程中逐渐意识到的。因为在自己的essay甚至论文当中，导师和写作指导都曾或多或少强调了这些词汇的重要性。也就是说，一旦内容上进入了不同的部分或者环节，就应该用明确的标志物表明这种转换。当然文中提到的一些结构性词汇还是非常简单的几个，同学们可以询问老师或课后自行积累，以获得更多逼格更高更地道的表达。
篇7：普通话考试题型介绍
普通话考试题型介绍
第一部分
读单音节字词100个，限时3分30秒，占10分。主要考查普通话声母、韵母和声调的发音。
1、读音要标准完整。即一个单字的读音把声、韵、调都完整地读出来。尤其是上声音节（三声）应读出曲折来。
2、字正腔圆，动程饱满。要把一个字的的声母、韵母、声调响亮读出来，尤其是韵母，不能含糊。
3、当然还要注意生僻字哦~
第二部分
读双音节词语50个，限时2分30秒，占20分。主要考查上声变调、儿化韵和轻声的`读音。
1、多音节要注意读音变化，不能出现一个字一个字地蹦出来的读音，而是要把一个词连起来读。
2、多音节词尾的音节是上声字时，要读出曲折度来。
3、轻声音节词，轻声音节不能读出声调。
4、儿化音发音时应该把两个音节发成一个音节。
第三部分
400字短文朗读，限时4分钟，占30分。重点考查语音、语流音变、语调等。
1、必读轻声的词读成重读就有了明显的朗读腔，该词就会按错误扣分。
2、要有停顿。一个句子，尤其是长句式，一口气读不完时，应注意停顿哟。
3、注意连贯。朗读时不出现一个字一个字、一个词一个词、一个短语一个短语地读，这叫字词化或短语化现象，也要扣分哒。
4、朗读时不要回读。出现回读现象可是会按不流畅扣分。
5、朗读时的语速要适中，不要太快，也不要太慢。
第四部分
说话，时间3分钟，占40分。目的是考查应试人在无文字凭借的情况下说普通话所达到的规范程度。
1、两个题目二选一，要说明选的题目是什么。
2、语调自然流畅，尽量使用短句式。因为口语都是短句式哒。
3、不要使用修饰语，也不使用长句式。
4、要记得不使用方言词汇和方言语法吖。
5、不使用别人的、网上的、书本上的现成的稿子或自己前面说过的又重复说前面内容来作为命题说话的内容。
6、不偏离给定的题目。
7、一定要说满3分钟。
8、不要说与考试无关的话语。
9、不说过于激动、过于伤心、过于动情的内容。
篇8：托福考试内容和题型详细介绍
托福阅读
新托福阅读部分内容变得更加学术化，其涵盖的题材也更加广泛，包括了历史、科学、教育、商业、社科、艺术文学、工程技术、体育文娱8个方面。此外，阅读部分还出现两种新题型：“插入句子题”和“拖动选择的多选题”。
点击查看/获取《最新托福考试真题及机经预测资料
托福考试
托福写作
独立写作一般为观点选择形式，要求考生在30分钟内就某一话题阐述自己的观点，字数要求为300字以上。
另一篇则要求考生首先阅读一篇文章，五分钟以后，文章隐去，播放一段与文章有关的课堂演讲。课堂演讲列举了一些论据反驳文章中的论点、论据。随后要求考生在20分钟内写一篇作文，总结课堂演讲的论点、论据，并陈述这些论点、论据是如何反驳文章的论点、论据的，字数要求为150字到225字之间，
资料
在写作时，文章会重新显示在屏幕上。这篇作文不要求考生阐述自己的观点。
托福听力
新托福原来的短对话被取消，听力内容更加学术化，演讲篇幅大大加长。此外，听力部分出现了5种新题型：“选择两个正确答案的题目”、“听部分文章摘要后完成的细节题”、“根据文章内容点击图片相应位置的题目”、“通过拖动来选择答案的多选题”、“点击表格的题目”。托福听力中也分生活和学术两类场景。但是，托福考试中绝大部分都是学术类。关于生活类的主要涉及食宿。学术类的有关于作业、论文等，在对话中出现。讲座中会出现四类话题：艺术，生命科学，自然科学，社会科学。
托福口语
新托福口语部分采用人机对话，模拟正式的上课讲演来考查学生。考试共有6道题目，一三五针对的是校园生活，二四六是相对学术性的题材。
篇9：托福阅读8种题型介绍
难度：变化很大
策略：随机应变
二、选非题
特征：NOT/EXCEPT
篇10：托福阅读8种题型介绍
难度：较低
策略：一定要做对
三、推理题
特征：infer、imply
篇11：托福阅读8种题型介绍
难度：很高
策略：可以放
四、修辞题：
特征：(1)题干与原文被打上了阴影
(2)个选项的开头为TO+关键动词(这些动词代表某个修饰手法，这样的动词很少，
所以遇到都要记住)PS：这类题目有可能会变形
五、词汇题
特征：(1)题干与原文被打上了阴影
(2)以the word/phrase开头
篇12：托福阅读8种题型介绍
难度：非常简单
策略：一定要做对
六、指代题
特征：(1)原文与题干被打上阴影
(2)打上阴影的是某个代词
数量：1题
难度：较低(可以直接测试语法能力)
策略：要做对
七、复述题
特征：(1)原文中一个完整的句子被打上阴影
(2)题干为：which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
数量：1题
难度：很难或者很简单
八、插句题
特征：黑色小方框(■)
数量：1题
难度：较低
策略：要做对
九、归总题
特征：两排六个选项
数量：1题
难度：1分很简单，2分有点难
策略：保1争2
新增题型(参考TPO5)：四选二题型：是细节题的变形
全文归纳题：可以去归总题找答案
第二部分 各题型解题技巧串讲
阅读的步骤：
第1步：把动滚动条拉到底再拉到顶
第2步：点review键，做完词汇题(不看原文)，同时关注一下是否有选非题(因为与原文
对应的东西很多)
第3步：边看边做阅读，要按顺序做(因为托福阅读，题目顺序和题目对应原文的顺序几乎一致。)
PS：阅读的流畅性很重要，如果NO1考Para1 NO2考Para3 那么Para2仍然要看。
PPS：永远先看题后看文
第4步(如何处理一道题目?)
找定位词，定位词越多越好
什么是定位词?
定位词就是出现并只出现在这道题的词
定位词包括：a.特殊名词 b.大写名词 c.数字词 d.年代词
注：题目中的定位词也可能是文章中某词的变形
第5步：排除选项(一般只能排除2个)
注：排除法永远比对应容易
1、优先选用排除法
2、使用时要尽量宽容
3、所有错误的三种类型：
a. 无中生有：原文中没有出现过的内容
b. 张冠李戴：题目问的是A的特征，而该特征是原文中B的特征，即把原文中无关的内容来当答案
c. 黑白颠倒：与原文意思相反(题目最喜欢用不像否定词的否定词，如:hardly，rarely等)
第6步：二选一(辨析选项)
比较两个选项的异同：
1、先比较共同点，即compare，找到这道题的着眼点。
2、找到异，在原文中找到，2个着眼点
第三部分 重点题型讲解
一、细节题：
细节题难不难取决于好不好定位
细节题的关键是同义替换
同义替换：是某些情况下可交换的词缀，但不等于同义词。
三种同义替换的方式：
1、词性变化(不规则变化尤其可能)
如：absorb-absorption 词变了，句子结构也变了，词的位置也变了。
2、语序变化
即：A+B 变成 B+介词+A
如：original ideas--------ideas with originality
3、指代词
如：phytoremediation--------it
任何时候看到指代词，都要知道它只带什么
4、反义词+否定词=同义替换
要点：答案往往是原文的同义替换
一个选项有同义替换或较多同义替换的就是答案。因为作者需要给出证据。
二、推理题
标志：infer imply suggest
说明 the answer is not clearly stated in the passage
正确选项没有明确在原文中出现
You have to make an inference based on the passage.
你必须在原文基础上做一步推理(不要推理过度)
1、答案不可能与原文矛盾
2、答案一定是原文+一步推理
题目中问A的特点
原文中给出了A B之间的关系(相同、相反或者比较)
原文中还出现了B的特点
那么就可以由B的特点推出A的特点。
三、词汇题
Coinage=new words
1、熟词僻义
注：直接按照脑中记忆来答题
(1) 后面还需验证
(2) 可以考完SAT\GRE再考次托福
(3) 除了背单词还要背词组(No better than= the same as)
2、利用词根词缀的含义辅助我们猜答案(尤其是找词缀来确定倾向)
3、代入到原文考预感判断
4、利用上下文进行推理(这是验证时的手段)
因为符合上下文的不一定是对的，不符合上下文的一定不对。
四、指代题
至少需要读代词出现的句子以及它上一句，即至少要读2句。
最有效的技巧：
1、寻找代词在句子中与动词的关系
2、寻找选项在原文中动词与句子的关系
(1) 比较单复数
(2) 猜：先找每个选项在原文中出现的位置，前两个出现的是优先选项。
托福阅读：修辞目的题举例
托福阅读常见十种题型，包括大家常见的词汇题和事实信息题。在这十种题型中，修辞目的题，跟其他题型不同，它注重考察单词，短语或是句子在句子之内或句子之间起到的作用，这就要求大家平时阅读时，在涉猎原文细节信息的基础之上，要有意识地注意句子之间的逻辑关系以及段落的结构。通过练习培养严谨的句子逻辑关系和紧凑的文章构架，对于无论是写作还是口语都有着一定的帮助。
此次目的题参考的内容基本可以分为三类，其一，作者在句中提到一些单词或短语或是句子是为了举例说明之前的相关信息点，辅助读者更好地理解原文的信息。其二，作者提供相关信息目的在于解释说明某一现象或是事件，本质与举例说明较为类似，也是为了帮助读者更好地理解信息，其三，作者在提出某些重要的观点时，为了突出个别的信息点，而引入一些单词短语或句子，目的是为了强度。基于对修辞目的题作者写作目的本身的分析和理解，我们可以更好地解决相关题目。以下以第一种举例说明的情况为例，重点讲解如何解决此类题目。
我们来看一道题，此题出自TPO14--children and advertising中的第10题，题干问why does the author mention a show about a cartoon lion in which an advertisement appears featuring the same lion character?根据题干关键词定位到文中对应的句子，Host selling occurs, for example, when a children's show about a cartoon lion contains an ad in which the same lion promotes a breakfast cereal.读完句子看到句中的插入短语for example，知道此句式为例子，属于举例说明，我们都知道例子是用来证明之前的信息，所以向前反推，看到紧接其前这样的内容In the recent past, the role of celebrities in advertising to children has often been conflated with the concept of host selling. Host selling involves blending advertisements with regular programming in a way that makes it difficult to distinguish one from the other.这两句第一句解释了host selling，第二句提到host selling的影响，所以得知紧接其后的句子是为了例证这两点信息，即host selling的概念以及它产生的影响。得出正确选项To help explain what is meant by the term “host selling” and why it can be misleading to children。
再比如TPO16中trade and the ancient middle east一文中第12题考到In paragraph 5, why does the author mention the new trade route opened up by Vasco da Gama's fifteenth century voyage around Africa?根据题干关键词定位到原文句子：as occurred when European seafarers circumvented Middle Eastern merchants after Vasco da Gama's voyage around Africa in the late fifteenth century opened up a southern route.读句子as表示正如…得知此处为举例说明，例证之前的信息，看到前半句since the development of new international trade routes could undermine the monetary base and erode state power。得知提到Vasco da Gama's fifteenth century voyage around Africa目的是为了证明新的国际贸易路线的发展可能破坏货币基础并且侵蚀国家权力。得出答案为To present an instance in which Middle Eastern states lost money and power because of their reliance on long-distance trade。
再如TPO25 The surface of mars一文中的第6题In paragraph 3, why does the author compare Maxwell Mons on Venus to the Hawaiian shield volcanoes on Earth?根据题干关键词定位到原文句子It is no accident that Maxwell Mons on Venus and the Hawaiian shield volcanoes on Earth rise to about the same height (about 10 kilometers) above their respective bases-Earth and Venus has similar surface gravity.通过句中短语It is no accident that得知此处为举例论证，所以向前看，紧接其前的句子为The lower the gravity, the lesser the weight and the greater the height of the mountain.可知原文想要阐述的信息是地心引力和山脉高度直接的关系，而且地心引力越低则重量越低，随之山的高度越高，所以紧接其后比较Maxwell Mons on Venus 和the Hawaiian shield volcanoes on Earth完全是为了论证这个信息，由此容易选得正确选项为To help explain the relationship between surface gravity and volcano height。
托福阅读修辞目的题中，举例论证是常考点，常见的表示举例的提示性的单词或短语有：for example/for instance/such as/as/as a example of/one of…/this is the case…等。如果题干中关键词对应原文的句子里有相关的表示例证的单词，短语出现，则向前看前面的句子，答案也就随之浮现出来。所以在平时的阅读练习中，提醒大家一定要注意句子之间逻辑关系，句与句之间不是互相独立的，而是紧密联系，互相支撑，构建段落，甚至是全文。
托福阅读题型举例分析：直接信息题
无论是OG还是Delta，都把阅读的题目分成十类，即：Understanding Facts and Details， Identifying Negative Facts， Locating Referents， Understanding Vocabulary in Context， Making Inferences， Determining Purposes， Recognizing Paraphrases (Simplifying sentences)， Recognizing Coherence (Sentence inserting)， Summarizing Important Ideas and Organizing information.
还有很重要的一点，做题的时候，无论考试还是练习，不光要分析对的选项为什么对，更要分析错的选项为什么错。有时候分析错误的原因更为重要。有助于你把握出题的思路，培养感觉。这是非常有用的。
一、直接信息题
应该说直接信息题的难度并不大。用OG上的话解释：直接信息题主要是问考生直接在文中明确给出的信息。不需要进行推断。通常这类问题不会涉及到全文的主旨问题，而一般都考察某一两句话的相关信息。
根据OG给出的解释来看，要做好直接信息题分三步：第一步，把冰箱门打开：准确在文章中定位出那一两句话;第二步，把大象装进去：根据这一两句话的内容选出正确答案;第三步，把冰箱门关上：用鼠标选中正确的答案。
关于第一步：如何快速定位。就需要你在题干中找出有助于你定位的那个词。因为前面说过，题干中的话大多是paraphrase，所以这就需要你找出那些不容易被paraphrase的单词帮助你定位。一般以名词或者文章专门涉及到的词为主。遇到不太好找关键词的题干，尽量想办法减少搜索范围。以OG上的例子说明：
第一步我们先找出关键词，即，根据哪个词我们在原文中定位信息。这样的词一般都是不容易被替换掉的。以具体名词居多。因为形容词，副词都是最容易找到近义词的。而越偏的词越不容易被paraphrase， 比如“驴打滚”之类的，即使用“年糕”来替换，还是不合适的在这一题里，我们选择cannonballs.回原文找，cannonballs第一次出现在第六行，我们就看这一行上下的句子就可以了。从For example看起，早期的雕像上加一个炮弹是因为需要炮弹来支撑腿的重量。In other words是对这句话的解释，可看可不看。下面一句话：……quickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure………看完这个我们就可以做题了。很自然的选择第二个选项。这句话连起来就是：Sculptors in the Italian Renaissance stopped using cannonballs in bronze statues of horses because they found a way to strengthen the statues internally. 这简直就是把原话换了种方式来说。Stopped using替代disappear，strengthen internal structure替代strengthen internally.用形容词替换同根的副词，这是最常见的paraphrase方法之一。
掌握了以上要领，第一个类型的题就搞掂。我们再用Delta上面两个题巩固一下，来检验这种方法是否真的有效。
定位信息。题干句子比较短，没有太多的词可供选择。对于mentor和protégé这种文章专门引入的词，一般在转译的时候不会做出改变，只是问中涉及该词的句子比较多，不太容易定位。好在help的意思大家太熟悉了，都很敏感，可以很快从文章中找出意思差不多的其他词来。我们选择mentor help protégé回原文定位。找到第四行我们发现有个teaching，mentors are given credit for teaching protégés the key elements of the job， and for providing a key relationship in the young adult‘s shift from dependence on parents to complete independence. 这句话，对于mentor对protégé的作用提到了两点，一一回到原文去找。发现C选项不就是原文第一点的转述吗?而原文中的第二点，key relationship…。，选项中没有提到。我们选择C答案。
然后回过头来以胜利者的姿态审视这个题：teaching用help作了转译，key换成important， elements换成aspects，这不就是最完美的paraphrase吗?练习阅读，找到了一定的感觉你就会发现，有这种完美转译的单词的选项，一般都是正确的，看上去很舒服。而A中倒是有原文中的原词credit.当你选择的选项中，有不太难被替换的单词，但没有被替换掉，还是以原词形式出现，你一定要加以小心，有可能是正确的，但也极有可能是错误的。比方这个credit，虽然词没变，但是意思不太一样了。而且原文说的是mentors are given credit，题目中变成了giving protégés credit，所以是错误的。
原文正好也有一个difficult to know，信息找到。原文说…。 The most strongly motivated and skilled， 题目中是highly motivated and skilled.应该说是原文的意思一点没变，几乎连单词也没怎么变。所以我觉得这个题跟ETS风格还是有些许出入。看看如何paraphrase的：selected改成chosen，strongly改成highly.没什么问题，搞掂。
篇13：托福口语考试题型解析
托福口语是广大考生的一个难题，考试中的时间是不允许我们一次次地反复阅读某个句子的，即使碰到难懂的句子也是这样。那我们该怎么办呢?下面小编为大家介绍一下托福口语考试中各题的应对措施。
第一题：为非限制性问题，但一定和学校或日常生活有关，要答 the reason &detail，注意一定要有具体的细节支持。
第二题：为二选一问题，一般会问你A和B那个好? Why? 第1&2题：题目在一开始就会出现在屏幕上，所以不要理会电脑中读什么，用最快的速度将题目扫一眼 à 一句废话 à B à 15’ à 一句废话 à B à 开始(中间可以挤出30秒的时间准备) 答题时间均为45’
第三题：为校园事件话题，语言不学术，一般为两个人的对话，有习语，听完后会让你重复其中一个人的观点70% 两者的观点一致 (In the listening passage, the man expresses his opinion about the Office, he believes that…) 点题句，一定要30% 两者的观点不一致 (In the listening passage, the man and the woman…)as the reading passage indicates
特例：要你说出相对于listening, reading中哪些没有(In addition to the reading passage, we also find in the listening that…) 这类题要多说些reading部分，大约20~25’
第四题：学术类。Reading &Listening的关系要么是承接要么是驳斥。听完后70% 让你说出一个Lecture中的例子来解释…，即细节解释 (In this lecture, the professor gives two examples to illustrate the principle of…听力1à阅读1;听力2à阅读2中间用However, in the reading passage…)
第3&4题：都有阅读，3题较短，4题较长，都要求45’读完，长度一般为75-120个词 (5-7行)。其中4题的内容较重要，而3题则不重要。答题时间均为1分钟。
Take下的Notes里的词最好做同意替换，并且在答题时绝对不能出现如 in the reading passage之类的词。两道题的时间分配大致为：15’说阅读，40’说男女观点，中间用点题句连接。回答应尽可能完整，但也无需面面俱到。
第五题：为学校生活类问题，有人会提出解决方案，让后让你重复他们的问题和观点，最后说Your Opinion &Why? (一两句就OK)这也是唯一一个问Your Opinion的题，而3，4，6题都只是让你重复。但有些题目仅要求描述，而不解释或不需要给出Your Opinion，要听清20’准备 (In the listening passage, the man and the woman discuss a problem. The man was…If I were the man, I would choose the second opinion.)
第六题：为学术话题，讲一个Lecture，让你重复professor的观点or解释一下理论。(开头句：In the listening passage, the professor introduces…)
第5&6题：都没有阅读，Listening部分都较长，笔记要充分。答题时间均为1分钟。
Rules：2，3，5题一般与学校生活有关，而4，6题则涉及社会，人文，百科。只有3，4题需要阅读。3，4，5，6题均用一般现在时答题。
以上就是小编总结的托福口语考试中，每道题需要注意的部分，已经应对措施，大家要牢牢记住哦。在6道题的口语考试中，争取不落一题全部夺冠，好的开始是成功的一半，正确率高会为以后学习英语的路上增添更多的信心。
篇14：托福口语考试题型及学习方法
托福口语考试题型及学习方法
task1：
题目为非限制性问题，考试内容一定和学校或者日常生活有关，考生在答题时一定要注意回答the reason & detail，对这些还要相对应的细节来支持，答题时间只有45S。所以考生在平时复习的时候就要注意这方面内容的积累和运用，考试的时候才能够使用起来得心应手。
task2：
一般为二选一的题型，形式如问A和B哪个好?为什么好?考生要通过这2个方面来回答问题，答题时间为45S。其实在托福口语中前面2题的题目都是一开始就出现的，当然电脑也会读的，但是考生只要看到题目了，你就可以进行构思了，在准备时间过完之后，就可以开始答题了，不必等到听完电脑读完提示准备时间时才去答题，为自己多争取一些思考的时间，对答题也是很不错的.。
task3：
本主要是以校园事件为话题，语言并不学术，通常是两个的对话，有习语出现。如果在对话中，你听到对话中有70%都是重复其中一个人的观点，那么这个观点就是该对话的一致观点，那另外的30%就是不一致的观点了。
托福口语从第3题开始就有听力的阅读2个部分了。上面的是一般情况下是这样的，还有一种特例就是要你说出相对于听力部分，阅读中没有内容，那么这类话题你就要多说阅读部分的内容了。
task4：
这一类题型为学术类的文章。听力和阅读之间是存在一定的关系的，一般不是承接关系就是驳斥的关系。大部分情况下就是让你用听力讲座中的一个例子来解释，即细节解释。那么这个时间就是要体现你的听力能力的时候了。
第3&4题都是有听力和阅读2部分的内容，其中阅读部分，第3题较短，第4题较长，都是要求在45S读完的，文章长度一般为75—120他词(一般是5-7行)。其中考生要注意的是第4题的阅读部分比较重要，第3题还好，因为第4题要知道听力内容和阅读内容之间有什么的观点，这是答题需要答的。这两题的答题时间都是1分钟。
提示：如果考生在回答时如果要用到Take下的Notes里的词，最好做同义替换，并且在答题时绝对不能出现如：in the reading passage之类的词。两道题的时间分配大致为：15’说阅读，40’说男女观点，中间用点题句连接。回答应尽可能完整，但也无需面面俱到。
task5：
多为学校生活类话题。在这类话题里，会有人提出解决问题的方案，然后让你重要它们的问题和观点，最后说出你的意见，为什么持这样的意见。注意这里的自己的观点的陈述并不要求太多内容，只要一两句带过就可以了。这是整个托福口语只唯一一个问你意见的题目，而在第3、4、6题中都只是让你重复。但有问题只要求你的描述，并不要求你给出解释或者不需要你给出解释，这就相当于完全的转述，但是第5题要有你自己的意见，并给出理由。
task6：
多为学术话题，听力部分是一个讲座内容，题目会要求你重复professor的观点或者解释一下他的一个理论。这里要听清讲座里的内容，才能更好的答题了。需要注意的是第5、6题没有阅读部分，所以听力部分的内容都比较长，只有听好了听力部分的内容才能更好的答题，所以考生在听的时候要充分的做好笔记，这2题的答题时间也只有1分钟。
篇15：托福听力考试到底有哪些题型
托福听力考试到底有哪些题型?常见题型细节及考点解析
托福听力考试题型细节分析
新托福听力的大部分题目，不管是对话还是讲座，都是以传统的四选一的选择题为主，还包括其他新增题型：
.多项选择题 (比如从四个或更多选项中选择两个正确答案)
.排序题
.搭配题(将表格中各项与其所属类别进行搭配)
.复听题 (在大多数讲座或对话后至少有一道回放题，在此题中，考生将再次听到讲座或对话中的一部分，然后考生将根据所听内容回答一道选择题。)
.连线题
托福听力考试到底要考什么能力技巧?
a. 记笔记的能力 Note-Taking Skil。
b. 长时间这种注意力集中的能力。
c. 在人机搭配的过程中，考生应具有自己掌握和支配时间的能力。
d. 在训练时更要着重培养自己将文章变短变小的能力。
托福听力：高频俚语整理
1. born with a silver spoon in your mouth 生于富贵之家，生来享受富贵
2. by hook or by crook 不择手段，无论如何
3. burn one's bridges 破釜沉舟，自断后路
4. Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder 情人眼里出西施
5. bite the hand that feeds you 忘恩负义
6. eat like a horse 吃得很多
7. go to pieces 破碎，沮丧，心碎
8. go Dutch 各付各的钱
9. get the axe: 被解雇，被开除
10. go in one ear and out the other 听了并不照办，左耳朵进右耳朵出
11. get carried away 得意忘形，失去理智
12. give somebody a ring 给某人打电话
13. give somebody a hand 帮助某人
14. have your cake and eat it 鱼与熊掌兼得
15. hold your horses 放慢，等一等
16. high and dry 让某人陷入困境
17. hit the hay 去睡觉
18. be hot and bothered 焦虑，不安
19. have one's hands full 很忙
20. have cold feet 紧张
托福听力：听力考试的精彩句子
具体的句子如下：
leave no stone unturned 不遗余力;全力以赴
——Lynn left no stone unturned in her research, and handed in an excellent paper.(Lynn全力以赴做她的研究，交了一篇优秀的论文。)
eg：on cloud nine 沉浸在幸福之中;非常高兴
——Marcia looks like she's on cloud nine.Do you know what made her so happy? (Marcia好象沉浸在幸福之中。你知道她为什么这么高兴吗?)
——She just had a paper accepted for publication.(她有一篇文章要发表了。)
eg：on the tip of one's tongue 一时想不起来，话到嘴边又忘记
——Are you sure you can't remember the name of that record? (你肯定记不起来那张唱片的名字吗?)
——It's just on the tip of my tongue! (我就是一时想不起来了。
eg：reach the bottom of the barrel 用完，弹尽粮绝
——Don't you have any other clean shirts? (你还有其它干净衬衫吗?)
——I guess I've reached the bottom of the barrel.(我想我已经用完了。)
eg：rub sb.the wrong way 使(某人)有点恼火;惹怒;引起反感;烦扰，打搅
——What do you think of our new economics instructor? (你觉得新经济学老师怎么样?)
——I don't know.Something about him rubs me the wrong way.(不知怎么的，他有点让我反感。)
eg：scratch the surface 只懂皮毛，很不了解(通常和限制性副词如only, hardly等词连用)
——You've certainly done a lot of research for your project.(你显然对你的课题做了不少研究。)
——It seems like a lot, but actually I've only scratched the surface.(看上去不少，但事实上我只懂一些毛皮。)
eg：up in the air 尚未决定的;捉摸不定的;悬而未决的
——Her plans for the weekend are still up in the air.(她尚未决定如何度过这个周末。)
eg：wear and tear 磨损;消耗
——Why do you always put on slippers when you go into your apartment? (为什么你老是一进公寓就穿上拖鞋?)
——It saves wear and tear on the carpet.(拖鞋不磨损地毯。)
eg：with flying colors 大获全胜;胜利地
——How did Ellen do on her Ancient History exam? (Ellen古代史考得怎么样?)
——She passed with flying colors.(她考得好极了。)
eg：get off on the wrong foot 开始就不顺利;一开始就犯了个错误
Model：[1995.5.]
——I hate to get off on the wrong foot.(我讨厌一开始就犯错误。)
eg：get on someone's nerves 使人不安，使人心烦
Model：[.8.]
——Why did you come to the meeting late? I left a message with your roommate about the time change.(为什么你开会迟到?我让你的同屋告诉你改时间的事了。)
——She has a very short memory and it really gets on my nerves sometimes.(她记性不好，有时真让我心烦。)
eg：give someone a break 不要去管，饶了某人吧
Model：[1994.5.]
——Give me a break.I'm nervous enough as it is.(不要管我，我已经够紧张了。)
eg：head and shoulders above (在…方面)强于某人
Model：[1991.10.]
——In computer programming, Susan is head and shoulders above the rest of us.(在计算机编程上，Susan比我们强。)
eg：in the red 赤字，负债
Model：[1996.5.]
——So far the clubs are about three hundred dollars in the red, and we still have four months to go before membership renewal.( 到目前为止，俱乐部有300元赤字，然而还有4个月才到交会员费的时间。)
——Well, we may have to raise our dues.(那么，我们必须提高会员费了。)
eg：in the dark 一无所知;不了解情况
Model：[1994.1.]
——Do you have any idea what this notice is about? (你知道这通知讲的是什么吗?)
——I'm as in the dark as you are.(我也跟你一样不了解情况。)
托福听力：精听与泛听的结合
材料的选择
精听的选材很重要，比如托福听力历年的真题，SSS等，就是很好的精听素材。而且精听的练习要选择比较集中的时间，严格按照考试时间进行答题，答完题之后进行详细精听。泛听与精听所不同的是，泛听可以广泛灵活的选择听力素材。每天可以抽出半个小时，新概念英语、托福听力练习，BBC、CNN等都可以拿来听。
练习步骤
精听是指一边听一边看着原文，手上拿着笔，划出自己不认识或似曾相识但反应不过来的词，一边放录音，并且嘴上跟读，反复几遍，一直听到可以不看原文彻底听懂为止。泛听不用像精听那样每个细节都得突破，只需要把握住整体的语流，听懂说话人的大概意思就可以。而高质量的泛听，指的是必须全神贯注的听。
精听泛听相结合
在准备托福听力的时候可以采用“粗细结合”的方法来解决托福听力的语音问题。所谓的“ 精细相结合“指的是精听和泛听相结合，指在进行大量泛听的同时，选定某些段子进行精听。通过精听可以掌握单词的弱读、连读、爆破和省略等语音规则;而泛听帮助我们处于一个英语的环境之中，练习自己发音的语调和语感。
注意事项
无论是精听还是泛听的练习都要避免以下这七种误区。第一只做题。不可否认的，无论什么样的方法，托福听力水平提高的最后落脚点还是会放在“听”本身上，只有足够的题量用来把耳朵叫醒，才能在考试的时候事半功倍。第二，无解析。只有有了准确精辟的听力材料解析，才能使考生们明白，何处对，和出错，该如何改进才能提高托福听力的实力。第三，贪图量。高质量的听才是提高托福听力能力的唯一标准。第四，没分类。通过对听力进行分类练习帮助同学们对听力的整体有更好的把握。第五，只一遍，对于听力不进行反复的听，只听一遍是没有任何作用的。第六，缺精选。在进行训练的时候一定要针对托福的经典的话题进行，只有对这些熟悉了，对托福听力才有帮助。第七，看不懂。看不懂听力原文要想办法让自己把这些内容都弄懂。
篇16：托福写作考试有没有参考价值
托福写作考试模板有没有参考价值
模板运用
1.托福的作文就是英文的“八股”，有套路，所以模板用得上。
2.词汇和固定短语要识记，主要是3类： ～环境的，经济的，社会进步等题目经常涉及的名词或者名词短语;～表示程度等的形容词和能够恰当修饰动词的副词;～起承转合作用的连接词和短语。
3.在正确，易懂的基础上，力求句型的变化多端，插入语，从句，倒装，虚拟等。
4.看清题目要求写什么，有比较的，要写出两者的不同，不要只说你支持的。
5.不同的reason不要糅合到一块去，每段中心要明确，且reason段落，要用英文写作的方式，开门见山的在段落开头指出;既然要成段，那么你所选择的reason一定要能扩展，也就是有东西好写，不要为赋新辞强说愁;所以虽然一个论点你可能有N个理由，但那些很有道理，但是你用英文无法表达清楚的，就不用写了，这不是上万字的论文。
on一出就要有example，两三个case足以，并且事例逻辑上能够支持原因。
7.整篇文章不要出现第二人称you，your，这是enjoy life等前辈的指点(指点了pumpkin，然后她又“数落”我的)，多用people;你想，you就是阅卷人，你凭什么张口就用人家的书面语言教导人家呢?
8.个人的观点：尽可能的避免单独使用he/she，考虑到性别歧视问题。但是，如果你要顶字数的话，也请用 he or she。
9.口语化是初级者的大问题之一，写作文的时候往往是先想中文改怎么说，然后做个翻译工作;本来对非母语就很能驾驭，这样一来，说大白话，就直接导致句式的单一;所以还是要看看真题阅读文章的文法。
分段介绍
第一段，对题目改写，再用模板的套话扯一下，常用的手法是正反一提。
第二段，最大的reason，事例论据支持。
第三段，次大的reason，事例论据支持。
第四段，一个小的reason，外加一个不碍大事的however的对立。
第五段，对各段reason改写总结，也可以再加展望，但是不要号召。
独立写作
细节一：开头段交代清楚就行，不要一味求长
还记得学英语的时候，老师讲过的英语中有一种很奇葩的用法，就是形式主语(话说好多孩子都在纠结形式主语和强调句怎么区分)。为什么有形式主语呢?很简单，因为真正的主语太长了，容易对我们的理解造成影响，而且主语太长不美观，因此出现了形式主语it。既然语法中都有这样的一个用法，那么我们写作中又为何不遵循这个要求呢?开头段写得太长，占用时间不说，有时候开头段话都说尽了，会严重影响主体段的展开。因此，独立写作的开头段不要写太长，一般50-80个单词是极好的。
细节二：每段写完记得空一行
为什么呢?好看呗!试想一下，如果你的作文各段都连在一起的，你自己看起来舒服吗?更别说挑剔的考官来看了!你的作文如果不能从内容上征服考官，至少要在篇章结构上给人一种舒适的感觉!所以，每段写作记得空一行，你写着舒服，考官看着也舒服。
细节三：正式文体若能坚持不随意缩写，那将是极好的
缩写好吗?不好!因为首先不缩写的话可能是两个单词，缩写完单词数就少了!不过，这个点其实并不是最关键的，重点在于托福写作是应试作文，应该保持正式文体的写作风格!缩写会给人一种非正式的赶脚!所以，能够不缩写的尽量不要缩写。比如can’t，最好在托福写作中写成cannot，而can not则是英式英语的写法，记住了!
细节四：不要一写作文就把你“七大姑八大姨”搬出来
托福写作，太多这些个人的例子会给人一种非常personal的感觉!本身写作是在发表你自己的观点。虽然说托福的写作题可支持亦可反驳，但是关键点还在于你的论述能否让人觉得有一丝丝的可信度!举个例子，难道你姨喜欢吃的水果，大家都喜欢吗?所以，写作的例子若能避开太多个人例子，那又是极好的!或者如果你很强，可以考虑以客观的方式来写个人的例子!
怎样提高托福考试写作速度
速度提升
其实对于托福作文来说，不外乎四个字“熟能生巧”。
但是互相我们写托福 写作的过程，其实2个部分最为消耗我们的时间，第一个就是构思的过程，第二个就是想一句话怎么表达的过程。这两个部分是最为消耗时间的。因此，其实缩减写作文时间的过程，就是减少这两个部分所消耗的时间。
首先说第一个部分，构思的过程。
其实想必绝大多数上过辅导班的考友们都知道托福作文就是传统的，龙头凤尾猪肚子，这样的写作方式。第一段表明自己的观点，然后接下来每一段一开始给出分论点，最后一段进行总结，就这么简单。
但是实际上，这是我们想的方向不对，总是在向很宏观的想。这里的诀窍就是向细分领域想!当我们总是在想建筑对社会很好的时候，我们就是会很想象到理由以及例子，但是如果我们想得很细的时候，就发现好说了，比如我们可以说赵州桥，既有实用价值，也有观赏价值。这就言之有物了!这是第一，减少构思的过程的时间，靠细分领域。
接下来就是表达的过程。
其实对于表达的过程来说，我们也知道一句话，叫做日啖荔枝三百颗，不辞长作岭南人!应该是熟读唐诗三百首，不辞长作岭南人-_-!应该是不会作来，也会吟。换句话说，也就是要第一熟悉这门语言，然后多使用这门语言。
这其实就可以靠多做中译英的翻译，就会有所改进，比如说我们可以用一些网站将我们自己的作文按照对方地道的原文进行修改，这样的方法，通过大量的进行中译英的转换，来增加我们的熟练度，这样就可以逐步削减我们的思考怎样表达的时间。
字数要求
托福作文如果能达到350字-450字就已经很好了，只要达到这个范围内基本上就不会对你的分数产生任何负面影响。然而很多同学会进入一个写作误区，一味的追求字数，把本来简单的意思非要复杂化，讲的特别啰嗦。这样的同学反而不会得高分。
在官方指南中有这么一句话“An effective response is typically about 300 words long。 If you write fewer than 300 words，you may still receive a top score，but experience has shown that shorter responses typically do not demonstrate the development of ideas needed to earn a score of 5。”
关于托福独立写作的字数，唯一的要求就是下限，不能低于180.但是如果点写道了，再少也不可能少于180。托福独立写作基本上是机器评分就下了定论，人工评分部分基本上是重复机器的分。机器的评分标准就是对比你写的点和原文的点以及听力部分的点。答准1点，答全1点，得多少分，然后看你的改写程度，改写程度高，再加分。最后看你的结构是否完整，语法和词汇拼写正确率。注意不要照抄原文来增加字数，照抄原文造成机器认定你对原文的改写程度过低，这是会被扣分的。
ETS官方要求，托福综合写作字数要求都是150-225之间。那么，写作的字数到300字左右就会扣分么?答案是不一定。只要考生所写内容可以回答考题，不会因为超过规定字数而扣分。但是一些托友的经验来说，好文章的字数一般在300到350字左右。官方指南中明确说到：‘Suggested length is between 150 and 225 words. You will not be penalized if you write more， so long as what you write answers the question.’一般来说，大家一句句的想明白写什么，同时合理控制每句长度(一般认为12字左右为短句，25字为长句)，之后成文的字数就应当自然而然的落在此区间中。
而针对着文章的字数，ETS也曾指出：考生所写内容能回答考题，考生不会因为超出规定的字数而被扣分。
总而言之，在语言质量相同的前提下，内容充实的文章更能展现出作者的写作能力。但不能为了追求词数而牺牲质量，因为在能力不扎实的情况下， 写得越快犯的错误可能越多，导致优势失去。
最后小编提醒大家，要达到一定的字数，熟练的打字。练习打字也是一项关键的工作，想要让文章内容有充分的表达，提高自己的打字速度是非常必要。
托福写作有哪些必备的转折句?
1. Nonetheless
1) The book is too long but, nonetheless, informative and entertaining.这本书篇幅太长,但是很有知识性和趣味性。
2) The problems are not serious. Nonetheless, we shall need to tackle them soon.问题不严重, 不过我们还是需要尽快处理。
3) Nonetheless, it contains an element of truth.然而它也有些道理。
2. However
1)We thought the figures were correct. However, we have now discovered some errors.我们原以为这些数据正确,不过我们现在发现了一些错误。
2)However, he smothered, as best he was able, these feelings.然而,他尽其所能抑制住了这些感情。
3)If, however, you are an extrovert you are quite likely to enjoy it.然而,如果你是一个性格外向的人,你很可能会喜欢它。
4)It was, however, a little disappointing.不过,这有点儿令人失望。
3. Nevertheless
1) He was very tired, nevertheless he kept working.他累得很,然而仍继续工作。
2) There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. Nevertheless, it is important that we try.我们几乎没有可能改变法律。不过,重要的是我们努力争取。
3) Nevertheless, they deserve notice and respect.然而,他们应该受到重视和尊敬。
4. By comparison
1) He was mortified by comparisons between his classmates’ good marks and his own.拿自己的成绩与同学们的优异成绩相比较他感到羞愧。
2) By comparison, expenditure on education increased last year.相比之下,去年教育经费增加了。
5. By contrast
1) By contrast, she was much more outspoken.对比起来,她坦率得多。
2) When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast.看看他们的新系统,我们的相比之下就显得太过时了。
6. Therefore
1) He is young and therefore easily pervertible.他年轻,因而容易变坏。
2) All sincere opinions should therefore be respected.因此一切诚恳的意见都应该收到尊重。
3) He is highly strung, and therefore, subject to heart attacks.他神经高度紧张,所以很容易发心脏病。
4) Therefore energy is now not a peripheral but a central issue in the economy.因此,能源在现时经济中并非枝节问题而是一个中心问题。
5) We have a growing population and therefore we need more and more food.我们的人口越来越多,因此我们需要越来越多的食物。
7. Hence
1) It’s handmade and hence expensive.这是手工制作的,因此价格很贵。
2) The computer has become smaller and cheaper and hence more available to a greater number of people.计算机已向小型低价的方向发展,从而使更多的人能够用上。
8. Thus
1) Life was thus made richer.生活因此变得更加丰富充实了。
2) We have failed. Thus we have to take the consequences.我们失败了。因此,我们只得承担后果。
3) We hope the new machine will work faster, thus reducing our costs.我们希望新机器将工作得更快,从而降低成本。
4) We’re able to do in-depth research and thus spot future trends.我们能作深度的研究,因而能看出来未来的趋向。
5) Old people often try to economize on heating, thus endangering their health.老年人常常想方设法节约暖气,结果损害了他们的健康。
6) The universities have expanded, thus allowing many more people the chance of higher education.大学扩招了,这样就使更多人能有机会接受高等教育。
7) A rise in incomes will create increased purchasing power, thus stimulating demand for goods and services.收入增加会提高购买力,从而刺激对商品及服务行业的需求。
8) We give money to charities, and thus salve our consciences.我们给慈善事业捐款,从而使自己的良心得到宽慰。
9. In view of
1) In view of the recent developments, we do not think this step advisable.考虑到最近事态的发展,我们认为这一步不可取。
2) Voluntary work was particularly important in view of the fact that women were often forced to give up paid work on marriage.考虑到妇女婚后常常被迫放弃有偿工作,志愿工作就尤为重要。
10. More often than not
1) Food is scarce and more often than not they go hungry.食物特别少,所以他们经常挨饿。
2) More often than not, his dog will try to bite his guests.他的狗经常会去咬客人。
11、For instance
1) What would you do, for instance, if you found a member of staff stealing?比如说,如果你发现有职员偷东西,你会怎么办?
2) It is a very nice town; it’s got very nice shops for instance.那是座非常好的城镇;例如,它有很好的商店。
3) Taking advertising for instance.以广告为例。
4) Let’s take Napoleon, for instance.以拿破仑为例。
5) Murder, petty theft and tax evasion, for instance, all have different motives and consequences.比如谋杀、小偷小摸和逃税,都有不同的动机和后果。
12. On the one hand
1) On the one hand they’d love to have kids, but on the other, they don’t want to give up their freedom.一方面,他们想要孩子,但另一方面,他们又不想放弃自由自在的生活。
2) The firm was accommodating its customers on the one hand and making aggressive demands on the other.这家公司一方面尽量给顾客提供方便,另一方面则向他们大提要求。
篇17：雅思写作入门题型介绍
雅思写作入门题型介绍
1. 给出一种观点——Do you agree or disagree?
Nowadays computer are widely used in education. As a result, some people think teachers no longer play important roles in classrooms.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
2. 给出两种对立的观点——Discuss both views and give your own opinions.
Some people argue that there are no basic differences between the way men and women approach academic study. Others insist that there are big differences in areas such as organization, attitude and ambition.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
3. 分析优缺点——Do you think the advantages/ benefits outweigh its disadvantages/ problems?
Some people agree to adopt a new language (Such as English) that can be used by people all of the world for international communication.
Do you think the benefits of this would outweigh the problems?
Report:
给出一种现象 1. Why? 2. Result? 3. Solution?
1/2或1/3
(1/2) Nowadays, people always throw the old things away when they buy new things; whereas in the past, old things were repaired and used again. What factors cause this phenomenon? What effects the phenomenon leads to?
(1/3) Many species of plants and animals are dying out. What are the causes of this trend? How can we prevent it?
雅思范文：城乡医疗教育的选择
In many countries, good schools and medical facilities are available only in cities. Some people think new teachers and doctors should work in rural areas for a few years. But some others think everyone should be free to choose where they work .Discuss and give your own opinion.
In this day and age, it can be generally observed that the disparity between cities and the country has been aggravated by relentless urbanization. With respect to educational and medical facilities, a yawning gap has emerged between those in cities and the rural ones. This manifest chasm has prompted some to suggest that teachers and doctors fresh out of university work in the country for a few years.Yet many are opposed to this view on the grounds that it infringes upon individual freedom to choose where they work.Personally, I think both these two views have merit and demerit.
Granted,assigning new teachers and doctors to the countryside may create certain benefits.To begin with,this practice can help foster a strong sense of obligation in many teachers and doctors.They can experience first-hand how the rural residents are held back by the out-moded teaching and medical facilities and this, in turn, can inspire a host of professionals to commit themselves to the alleviation of this disturbing situation. Moreover,the inferior living and working conditions in the country can temper many of these young professionals’ soul.They are very likely to be more tenacious and determined and hence more successful than their urban counterparts in later careers.
However,there are even more drawbacks that this practice can engender.In the first place,many young teachers and doctors will feel unmotivated or frustrated if they are sent to rural areas against their own will.They may have a hard time getting accustomed to the shabby housing and primitive facilities and slack off at work.In the second place,if new teachers and doctors are coerced to work in the countryside, a considerable proportion of them may find it daunting when it comes time for them to relocate to cities after a few years in the country.They will feel intense occupational stress when they cannot operate efficiently equipment much more advanced than the devices they are used to back in the country school or hospital. Last but not least, given the inferiority of the rural educational and medical facilities,it is highly probable that the inexperience of new teachers and doctors will lead to unsatisfactory job performance in rural schools and clinics.We really cannot expect fresh recruits to work wonders with outdated tools.
In the final analysis,I concede that sending teachers and doctors fresh out of college to the countryside may produce specific advantages. However,if we enforce this indiscriminately,that will surely generate even more banes. On balance, I am convinced we should optimize our workforce and honor the individual freedom in determining where they work.
雅思写作：女生参军
Some countries allow women to join the army. Some other people think army doesn’t suit women. Do you agree or disagree? Please state your reasons.
Agree: Firstly, modern wars are not as cruel as before. Women will not face any danger because the decisive factor of modern wars is technology, not physique. Most females have received higher education and mastered advanced knowledge. They can serve in the army like men. Secondly, some occupations in the army are more suitable to females. For instance, most medical workers in the field hospitals are females because they are more patient and careful. They can give tender care to the wounded soldiers. Finally, females have played very important roles in wars in history. Females are good at coping with the unexpected events because they enjoy advantages over males psychologically.
Sample writing:
It is a strongly held belief that kitchen and laundry are for women and wars are for men. Even though women are allowed to join the army in some countries, most of them are far away from the frontier. However, as the application of high technology in the army accelerates, women’s participation in the army becomes not unusual.
First and foremost, modern wars tend to be non-contagious with the filtration of science and technology. Thus, the dangers facing women will be reduced considerably. The development of new technology offers numerous opportunities to females because the decisive factor of modern wars is technology, not physique. Most women, just like their counterpart, have received higher education and mastered high technology. They have neither physical barrier nor technical obstacle to serve in the army.
What’s more, some jobs can be better done by females rather than men in the army. For instance, many doctors and nurses in the field hospitals are females. Injury and death are inevitable in the battlefield. In that case, females usually shoulder the responsibility to render medical service to the wounded since they are more patient and careful than males. The wounded soldiers can receive good medical care and recover soon.
Last but not least, women played very important role in wars in history. Women enjoy much more advantages over males. For instance, females are calm when they meet with urgency. Their contributions in the wartime are notable.
In brief, the role women soldiers play in the war cannot be underestimated. Women should be encouraged to join the army in modern time. For one thing, it is beneficial to the army; for another, females can become more brave and respectable. (280 words)
雅思大作文范文：年轻人崇拜明星
写作题目
Nowadays young people are admiring media and sports stars, even though they do not set a good example. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?
题目写作思路分析
大纲：逻辑心图，四段定位，18句装配。
起--好现象，因为对年轻人来说，既是心态正常又是反应社会发展，与道德考虑无关。
承--理由例子细节。年轻人崇拜明星是极其正常的心里历程，无关道德榜样。
转--理由例子细节。年轻人崇拜明星是反应媒体社会的影响，无关道德榜样。
合--整体而言是好现象，到底青年人免不了崇拜明星，所以道德的联想应该摆在一边。
范文
There is no need to be overly preoccupied with the fantasy images of stars standing out from the rest on the screen, the stage and the playing field because celebrity worship is part of everyday life, particularly among adolescents. That young people are admiring media and sports celebrities is socially normal outside the academic and behavioral context. Accepting that it is good and natural to be young, then it is inevitable for young people to be obsessed with certain personalities as their ideal examples.
Psychologically speaking, a certain amount of star admiration is normal. When young, becoming fans of favorite stars is a form of escapism and a way to dull emotional pain and stress; so, emulating celebrities is a natural part of development to identify themselves with their icons. Even in adulthood, people rank successful individuals highly and model themselves after them. In a global media culture, the lifestyle promoted by stars is often unattainable to the average person, regardless of whether it is realistic or ideal. Hence, the point is that young people choose their models for reasons based on renowned excellence in a specific field rather than on scandals that happen sometimes. That is, it is to admire what is shining in famous people's career successes and not what happen to shadow their real lives.
Not unlike fashion, “star worship syndrome” is simply a social development, although there could be an unhealthy interest in the private lives of actors, actresses, pop singers, and sports players. Admiring celebrities may be as blind as falling in love, and just as normal. When it comes to immature and confused minds, love cannot be avoided, nor can admiration for heroes and heroines. Such star obsession has proliferated since the creation of the mass media and therefore it had better not be regarded as a moral issue. To believe that celebrity worship is a negative development only makes out-of-date moral sense, leading to nowhere. In this gossip world, to criticize celebrities for failing to deliver good examples all the time beyond their specialized fields calls for the need to stop, in the first place, the media outlets from reporting what gossip is made of.
Admiration for favorite stars does no harm to people, young or old; besides, star admiration cannot be avoided in this information age. Fortunately, most fans are able to learn to tell a realistic world from an ideal world during this period between no-longer children and not-yet adults, without having to refer to moral examples. Indeed, there is nothing wrong about young people seeking their idols by looking up at the shining stars in the fantasy world to which many young people naturally belong.
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