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1月托福阅读全真试题

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今天小编就给大家整理了1月托福阅读全真试题，本文共8篇，希望对大家的工作和学习有所帮助，欢迎阅读!

篇1：1月托福阅读全真试题

191月托福阅读全真试题

Question 1-8

Both the number and the percentage of people in the

United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded

rapidly during the half century following the Civil War, with

some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains

of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.

The development of the railroad and telegraph systems during

the middle third of the nineteenth century led to significant

improvements in the speed, volume, and regularity of shipments

and communications, making possible a fundamental

transformation in the production and distribution of goods.

In agriculture, the transformation was marked by the

emergence of the grain elevators, the cotton presses, the

warehouses, and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so

many of the nation's farmers the visible sign of a vast conspiracy

against them. In manufacturing, the transformation was

marked by the emergence of a “new factory system” in which

plants became larger, more complex, and more systematically

organized and managed. And in distribution, the transformation

was marked by the emergence of the jobber, the wholesaler,

and the mass retailer. These changes radically altered

the nature of work during the half century between 1870 and

1920.

To be sure, there were still small workshops, where

skilled craftspeople manufactured products ranging from news-

papers to cabinets to plumbing fixtures. There were the sweatshops

in city tenements, where groups of men and women in

household settings manufactured clothing or cigars on a piece-

work basis. And there were factories in occupations such as

metalwork where individual contractors presided over what

were essentially handicraft proprietorships that coexisted within

a single buildings. But as the number of wage earners in

manufacturing rose from 2.7 million in 18

篇2：1995年10月托福阅读全真试题

1995年10月托福阅读全真试题

Questions 1-13

Atmospheric pressure can support a column of water up to

10 meters high. But plants can move water much higher, the

sequoia tree can pump water to its very top, more than 100

meters above the ground. Until the end of the nineteenth century,

the movement of water in trees and other tall plants

was a mystery. Some botanists hypothesized that the living

cells of plants acted as pumps, But many experiments demonstrated

that the stems of plants in which all the cells are killed

can still move water to appreciable heights. Other explanations

for the movement of water in plants have been based on root

pressure, a push on the water from the roots at the bottom of

the plant. But root pressure is not nearly great enough to push

water to the tops of tall trees. Furthermore, the conifers,

which are among the tallest trees, have unusually low root

pressures.

If water is not pumped to the top of a tall tree, and if it

is not pushed to the top of a tall tree, then we may ask, How

does it get there? According to the currently accepted cohesion

-tension theory, water is pulled there. The pull on a rising

column of water in a plant results from the evaporation of

water at the top of the plant. As water is lost from the surface of

the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The

evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant

in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its

roots. The same forces that create surface tension in any

sample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these

unbroken columns of water. When water is confined in tubes of

very small bore, the forces of cohesion (the attraction between

water molecules) are so great that the strength of a column

of water compares with the strength of a steel wire of

the same diameter. This cohesive strength permits

篇3：10月托福阅读全真试题

1910月托福阅读全真试题

Question 1-8

When Jules Verne wrote Journey to the Center of the

Earth in 1864, there were many conflicting theories about the

nature of the Earth's interior. Some geologists thought that it

contained a highly compressed ball of incandescent gas, while

others suspected that it consisted of separate shells, each made

of a different material. Today, well over a century later, there

is still little direct evidence of what lies beneath our feet. Most

of our knowledge of the Earth's interior comes not from mines

or boreholes, but from the study of seismic waves - powerful

pulses of energy released by earthquakes.

The way that seismic waves travel shows that the Earth's

interior is far from uniform. The continents and the seabed

are formed by the crust - a thin sphere of relatively light, solid

rock. Beneath the crust lies the mantle, a very different layer

that extends approximately halfway to the Earth's center.

There the rock is the subject of a battle between increasing

heat and growing pressure.

In its high levels, the mantle is relatively cool; At greater

depths, high temperatures make the rock behave more like a

liquid than a solid. Deeper still, the pressure is even more

intense, preventing the rock from melting in spite of a

higher temperature.

Beyond a depth of around 2,900 kilometers, a great

change takes place and the mantle gives way to the core. Some

seismic waves cannot pass through the core and others are bent

by it. From this and other evidence, geologists conclude that

the outer core is probably liquid, with a solid center. It is

almost certainly made of iron, mixed with smaller amounts

of other elements such as nickel.

The conditions in the Earth's core make it a far more

alien world than space. Its solid iron heart is subjected to

unimaginable pressure and has a temperature of about 9,000oF.

Although scientists ca

篇4：《1月托福考试阅读理解全真试题》

《191月托福考试阅读理解全真试题》

Question 1-9

Although social changes in the United States were being wrought throughout most of the nineteenth-century,, public awareness of the changes increased to new levels in the 1890 s. The acute, growing public awareness of the social changes that had been taking place for some time was tied to tremendous growth in popular journalism in the late nineteenth century, including growth in quantity and circulation of both magazines and newspapers. These developments, in addition to the continued growth of cities, were significant factors in the transformation of society from one characterized by relatively isolated self-contained communities into an urban, industrial nation. The decade of the 1870 s, for example, was a period in which the sheer number of newspapers doubled, and by 1880 the New York Graphic had published the first photographic reproduction in a newspaper, portending a dramatic rise in newspaper readership. Between 1882 and 1886 alone, the price of daily newspapers dropped from four cents a copy to one cent, made possible in part by a great increase in demand. Further more, the introduction in 1890 of the first successful linotype machine promised even further growth. In 1872 only two daily newspapers could claim a circulation of over 100,000,but by 1892 seven more newspapers exceeded that figure. A world beyond the immediate community was rapidly becoming visible.

But it was not newspapers alone that were bringing the new awareness to people In the United States in the late nineteenth century. Magazines as they are known today began publication around 1882, and, in fact, the circulation of weekly magazines exceeded that of newspapers in the period which followed. By 1892, for example, the circulation of the Ladies Home Journal had reached an astounding 700,000. An increase in book readership also played a significant part in this general trend. For example, Edward Bellamy s utopian novel, Looking Backward, sol

篇5：1月9日托福阅读真题答案及解析

原文回顾：恐龙在白垩纪灭绝是被广泛承认的，不过很多物种也是在这个时候灭绝的。恐龙灭绝还有一个原因是他繁殖太慢，有的动物比如鳄鱼就存活了下来。活下来的浮游生物大多有一种能力，不过界线两边的浮游生物化石有变化，浮游生物突然减少，而在这里另一种生物的石化增多了，而且正好在同一沉积层。他们之间可能有某些联系。

篇6：1月9日托福阅读真题答案及解析

原文回顾：相似的语言来自同一种语言体系，语言在某一个时候被分化成很多支，时间越长，变化越大。不一样的地区有不一样的语言，然而一些相似的语言可能来自同一种语言体系。经过漫长的演变，各种语族的语法结构都不同。不过这不影响研究，因为真正能反应人们想法和经历的是词汇。比如词汇里二十多种有关衣服的表达，那么这说明这对他们有特殊意义，而且他们的母语都有这东西。

篇7：老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE21

老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE 21

The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from its colonial predecessors was far from a rich one, and in fact, in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands of artisans and craftspeople. Stone carvers engraved their motifs of skulls and crossbones and other religious icons of death into the gray slabs that we still see standing today in old burial grounds. Some skilled craftspeople made intricately carved wooden ornamentations for furniture or architectural decorations, while others caved wooden shop signs and ships' figureheads. Although they often achieved expression and formal excellence in their generally primitive style, they remained artisans skilled in the craft of carving and constituted a group distinct from what we normally think of as “sculptors” in today's use of the word.

On the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired, Americans turned to foreign sculptors, as in the 1770's when the cities of New York and Charleston, South Carolina, commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pitt. Wilton also made a lead equestrian image of King George III that was created in New York in 1770 and torn down by zealous patriots six years later. A few marble memorials with carved busts, urns, or other decorations were produced in England and brought to the colonies to be set in the walls of churches — as in King's Chapel in Boston. But sculpture as a high art, practiced by artists who knew both the artistic theory of their Renaissance-Baroque-Rococo predecessors and the various technical procedures of modeling, casting, and carving rich three-dimensional forms, was not known among Americans in 1776. Indeed, for many years thereafter, the United States had two groups from which to choose — either the local craftspeople or the imported talent of European sculptors.

The eighteenth century was not one in which powered sculptural conceptions were developed. Add to this the timidity with which unschooled artisans — originally trained as stonemasons, carpenters, or cabinetmakers — attacked the medium from which they sculpture made in the United States in the late eighteenth century.

1. What is the main idea of the passage ?

(A) There was great demand for the work of eighteenth-century artisans.

(B) Skilled sculptors did not exist in the United States in the 1770's.

(D) American sculptors were hampered by a lack of tools and materials.

2. The word “motifs” in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) tools

(B) prints

(D) designs

3. The work of which of the following could be seen in burial grounds?

(A) European sculptors

(B) Carpenters

(D) Cabinetmakers

4. The word “others” in line 6 refers to

(A) craftspeople

(B) decorations

(D) shop signs

5. The word “distinct” in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) separate

(B) assembled

(D) inferior

6. The word “rare” in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) festive

(B) infrequent

(D) unexpected

7. Why does the author mention Joseph Wilton in line 13?

(A) He was an English sculptor who did work in the United States.

(B) He was well known for his wood carvings

(D) He settled in the United States in 1776.

8. What can be inferred about the importation of marble memorials from England?

(A) Such sculpture was less expensive to produce locally than to import

(B) Such sculpture was not available in the United States.

(D) The materials found abroad were superior.

9. How did the work of American carvers in 1776 differ from that of contemporary sculptors?

(A) It was less time-consuming

(B) It was more dangerous.

(D) It was less refined.

正确答案： BDCAA BABD

托福阅读猜词的七大技巧

一、利用定义式线索进行猜测

定义是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜测词义比较容易。例如:Kinetic energy is the energy of moving particles. Kinetic enegry 可能是生词，由定义可知，表语是说明主语性质内容的。所以kinetic energy就是“运动粒子的能量”。再如Typhoons are cyclones，storms with strong winds rotating around a low-pressure center.如果cyclones是生词，推断该词义的线索就是其后面的解释“绕低气压中心形成的暴风雨”由此我们可知cyclones的意思是“绕低气压中心形成的暴风雨”。在这种解释中定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。

二、根据进一步阐述猜测词义

虽然进一步阐述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使我们猜出生词的词义。复述部分可以是适当的词，短语或者句子。例如Experts in kinesics, in their study of body motion as related to speech ,hope to discover new methods of communications. 逗号中短语的意思是“对肢体语言进行研究的学科”。短语与前面生词kinesics是同位关系，因此我们不难猜出kinesics指“肢体语言学”。在这种复述当中,构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号，和括号等。另外同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, 等副词或短语出现。另外一种会以定语从句的形式出现如从句Obesity, which is a medical disorder that affects approximately 20-30% of the population of the United States of America. It is an excessive accumulation of body fat that results from the storage of excess food energy calories in the body's fat cells. 根据生词obesity后面的非限制性定语从句which is a medical disorder that affects approximately 20-30% of the population of the United States of America. It is an excessive accumulation of body fat that results from the storage of excess food energy calories in the body's fat cells. 我们可以推断出 obesity的含义，即“过度肥胖”。

三、根据举例猜测词义

恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索，例如The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. 句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例，通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的大致词义“重要的”。

四、根据上下文的语境关联猜测词义

例如Computers have been used for most kinds of crime, including fraud theft, larceny, embezzlement, burglary, sabotage, murder and forgery, since the first cases were reported in 1985. 这句话中有许多生词出现，但通过上文的crime和murder一词，我们可以知道这些下划线词都是与犯罪有关的词。在考试中，就不必费心去考虑它们的具体意思，知道大概类别即可。再如Goran Ivanisevic fears only one service in tennis -- Michael Stichs. His toss is always the same: the straight one or the topspin. Sampras has a good serve and Becker too, but Stichs is the toughest to read.在此例中，大多数词用于网球运动中的一些专门词汇，我们可以不必理会，而主要关注认识的那些词。这样能够大概理解此句讲的是网球选手Goran害怕某种service, 通过上下文大致可得知这是指网球运动中的一个动作(比如发球、扣球等)。其实，service就是“发球”的意思。从形容词straight可知Stichs发球的特点，而且他是最难预测的一个。这样一来就可以很好地把握文章内容了。

五、根据对比关系猜测词义

在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词或难词的反义词猜测其词义。例如：Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends. Gregarious, 对许多人来说可能是个生词，但是句中单词unlike可以提示我们Gregarious和后面的词unsociable person是对比关系。分析出这种关系后，我们便能猜出意为Gregarious是“爱交际的”。

六、根据常识性线索猜测题义

这是指根据篇章(句子或段落)以外的其他知识来猜测词义。有时仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义。这时，就需要运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。例如：The cat came quickly through the grass towards the birds ,when it was just a few from the feet from the victim, it gather its legs under itself and pounced.如果pounce 是生词。推测该词我们可以凭借我们的常识，我们知道当猫看到鸟时，通常它会先把爪子收起来，然后再突然向小鸟发起进攻。由此可以推断pounce一词的意思是“突然攻击”。

再如It's really cold out tonight. My hands are practically numb. 根据生活经验，天气寒冷时，手肯定是numb “冻僵的，冻得麻木的”。

七、利用构词法猜测词义

此法包括利用前、后缀及合成词猜测词义。

7.1前、后缀猜测词义

英语中的前缀、后缀构词颇多，且特定的“缀”往往表示特定的含义，把握住这一点，可起到“以不变应万变”的效果。例如He had been overworking and fell ill at last. overwork是由前缀over-加动词构成，over有“超过，过于”之意，overwork意思是“工作过多，劳累过度”。再如，overburden负担过重，overcharge要价过高，overdo做得过分。英语中常用的前缀还有：mis-错，误：misfortune不幸;mislead误导;mismanage处理不当mid-中央：midnight半夜;midway半路under-低于：underdone半生不熟的;underestimate 低估;anti-反对：antibody抗体;anticyclone反气旋;antifreeze防冻剂。还有一些后缀派生词：例如1)You must stop dreaming and face reality.(-ty为名词的标志); 2)The country is trying to popularize education. (-ize为及物动词的标志，再如realize, modernize)。

7.2利用合成词猜测词义

Family members take turns choosing a special activity for the evening, and everyone partakes in for fun. 根据短语构成及上下文意思看，此处partakes in相当于takes part in。再如break out-outbreak(名词“爆发”)，set out-outset(名词“起始”)，come in-income(名词“收入”)。

托福阅读常见错误选项大汇总

一、编造事实

这类选项其内容在原文中并没有提到，也不能从原文中推断出来，它们往往将原文中的信息和原文中没有的信息糅合在一起来迷惑考生，或者通过改动文中的关键语句使选项与原文信息大相径庭，形成陷阱。例如：

A. ccording to paragraph 4, which of the following is true about materials used in the construction of buildings? (备考指导3-Architecture)

A. Because new building materials are hard to find, construction techniques have changed very little from past generations.

B. The availability of suitable building materials no longer limits the types of structures that may be built.

C. The primary building materials that are available today are wood, stone, and brick.

D. Architects in earlier times did not have enough building materials to enclose large spaces.

这道题中的D选项就犯了编造事实的错误。原文中的相关信息是“In earlier times it was necessary to design structural systems suitable for the materials that were available, such as wood, stone, brick.”，说的是早期的建筑材料种类少，只有木材、石头和砖块等，并没有说数量上是否充足，因此D选项是错误的。

二、改变范围

这类选项其内容和原文内容在范围上是不一致的。它们往往将原文内容的范围随意扩大或缩小，即以偏概全或者以一般代替个别，从而形成陷阱。例如：

8. All of following are mentioned in paragraph 5 as possible reasons that led societies to develop theater EXCEPT(练习题1-The Origins of Theater)

A. Theater allows people to face that they are afraid of.

B. Theater gives an opportunity to imagine a better reality.

C. Theater is a way to enjoy imitating other people.

D. Theater provides people the opportunity to better understand the human mind.

这道题中D选项在原文中的相关信息是“The theater, then, is one tool whereby people define and understand their world or escape from unpleasant realities.” 意思是：“所以，戏剧成为了一种帮助人们认识和理解这个世界，或是帮助人们逃避不满现实的工具。”文中说的是“understand their world”，但D选项则把范围缩小成了“understand the human mind”，因此这道题的答案就是D选项(注意这道题是一个“Except”题)。

三、偏离题意

这类选项往往是不符合题干的，也就是我们所说的“答非所问”。它们很有可能就是原文的内容或者可以从原文中推断出来，其本身是正确的，所以具有很大的干扰性。如果考生审题不认真，就很容易误选。例如：

According to paragraph 6, what is the main disadvantage of the proposed plans to transport river water to the High Plains?(练习题3-Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer)

A. The rivers cannot supply sufficient water for the farmer’s needs.

B. Increased irrigation costs would make the products too expensive.

C. The costs of using capillary water for irrigation will increase.

D. Farmers will be forced to switch to genetically engineered crops.

根据题干中的 “disadvantage”和“transport river water”定位到原文中的“Unfortunately, the cost of water obtained through any of these schemes would increase pumping costs at least tenfold, making the cost of irrigated agricultural products from the region uncompetitive on the national and international mark.” 意思是：“不幸的是，通过以上任何一种方式(通过运河或管道输送河水)获得水资源都会将抽水的成本提高10倍以上，进而导致这一地区的灌溉农产品成本在国内和国际市场上失去竞争力。”可见解决成本问题是从河流引水这样的解决方案的关键所在，灌溉成本增加导致农产品在国内及国际市场上的竞争力下降。C选项提到了灌溉成本，但题干说的是引入河水的解决方案的缺陷，因此C选项是不正确的。

老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE 21

篇8：老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE16

老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE 16

The first flying vertebrates were true reptiles in which one of the fingers of the front limbs became very elongated, providing support for a flap of stretched skin that served as a wing. These were the pterosaurs, literally the “winged lizards.” The earliest pterosaurs arose near the end of the Triassic period of the Mesozoic Era, some 70 million years before the first known fossils of true birds occur, and they presumably dominated the skies until they were eventually displaced by birds. Like the dinosaurs, some the pterosaurs became gigantic; the largest fossil discovered is of an individual that had a wingspan of 50 feet or more, larger than many airplanes. These flying reptiles had large, tooth-filled jaws, but their bodies were small and probably without the necessary powerful muscles for sustained wing movement. They must have been expert gliders, not skillful fliers, relying on wind power for their locomotion.

Birds, despite sharing common reptilian ancestors with pterosaurs, evolved quite separately and have been much more successful in their dominance of the air. They are an example of a common theme in evolution, the more or less parallel development of different types of body structure and function for the same reason — in this case, for flight. Although the fossil record, as always, is not complete enough to determine definitively the evolutionary lineage of the birds or in as much detail as one would like, it is better in this case than for many other animal groups. That is because of the unusual preservation in a limestone quarry in southern Germany of Archaeopteryx, a fossil that many have called the link between dinosaurs and birds. Indeed, had it not been for the superb preservation of these fossils, they might well have been classified as dinosaurs. They have the skull and teeth of a reptile as well as a bony tail, but in the line-grained limestone in which these fossils occur there are delicate impressions of feathers and fine details of bone structure that make it clear that Archaeopteryx was a bird. All birds living today, from the great condors of the Andes to the tiniest wrens, trace their origin back to the Mesozoic dinosaurs.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Characteristics of pterosaur wings

(B) The discovery of fossil remains of Archaeopteryx

(D) The development of flight in reptiles and birds

2. Which of the following is true of early reptile wings?

(A) They evolved from strong limb muscles.

(B) They consisted of an extension of skin.

(D) They required fingers of equal length.

3. The word “literally” in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) creating

(B) meaning

(D) simplified

4. It can be inferred from the passage that birds were probably dominant in the skies

(A) in the early Triassic period

(B) before the appearance of pterosaurs

(D) before dinosaurs could be found on land.

5. The author mentions airplanes in line 8 in order to

(A) illustrate the size of wingspans in some pterosaurs

(B) compare the energy needs of dinosaurs with those of modern machines

(D) establish the practical applications of the study of fossils

6. The word “They” in line 10 refers to

(A) powerful muscles

(B) bodies

(D) flying reptiles

7. According to the passage , pterosaurs were probably “not skillful fliers” (lines 10-11) because

(A) of their limited wingspan

(B) of their disproportionately large bodies

(D) climate conditions of the time provided insufficient wind power

8. In paragraph 2, the author discusses the development of flight in birds as resulting from

(A) a similarity in body structure to pterosaurs

(B) an evolution from pterosaurs

(D) a separate but parallel development process to that of pterosaurs

9. The word “classified” in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) perfected

(B) replaced

(D) protected

10. Which of the following helped researchers determine that Archaeopteryx was not a dinosaur?

(A) Its tail

(B) Its teeth

(D) Details of its bone structure

11. What is the significance of the discovery that was made in southern Germany?

(A) It is thought to demonstrate that birds evolved from dinosaurs.

(B) It is proof that the climate and soils of Europe have changed over time.

(D) It supports the theory that Archaeopteryx was apowerful dinosaur.

正确答案：DBBCA DCDCDA

托福阅读的实用技巧整理

首先，无论什么技巧都必须要有基本的单词量做基础。没人喜欢背单词，但是只有有足够的单词量才能应对托福阅读中的各种层出不穷的问题。用的是谁的单词书其实没有多大分别，你只要认认真真的把一本单词书背个70%，那也就差不多了，托福阅读的主要考察对象不是单词，只是透过单词来表达一种意思，只要你能猜出来这种意思并且在这个基础上把题答对，那么，对少单词都不是问题。

其次，对于难句长句的理解。还是要明白大意就好，但是要能够根据大意准确定位找到答案。大家可以专门找些难句和长句来进行有针对性的练习。把那些句子反复读，反复看，看上十几遍，觉得很通顺、觉得句子写得很好自己以后也要这么写了才算好。速度慢不是问题，但是坚持下来，大家对难句和长句的理解能力就好冥想提高。

再次，大家在专门练习托福阅读题的时候，还是多看看OG，OG是非常有指向性的，而且那上面说的一些小技巧还是不错的。Delta上的题目要难一些，主要是有一些题目需要考生进行引申、做一些文学上的理解，当然这些在托福中是不会出现的。所以做题的时候不要想得太复杂，第一感觉是什么就选什么，很有效。

托福阅读词汇的积累练习

mores 风俗，习惯

submit 屈从;提交;主张，认为

backfire 产生反效果;逆火

speculate 推测;思索;投机(venture)

wield 行使(权利);挥舞(宝剑)

recreation 再创造; 消遣，娱乐

peer 同等人，同辈人;凝视

project 预测;凸出;投掷，发射;计划

mitigate减轻，缓和