托福听力难点题型配对题答题思路实例分析

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下面是小编整理的托福听力难点题型配对题答题思路实例分析，本文共9篇，欢迎大家阅读分享借鉴，欢迎大家分享。

托福听力难点题型配对题答题思路实例分析

篇1：托福听力难点题型配对题答题思路实例分析

要想轻易拿到配对表格题的分数，并且不过多占用有限的答题时间，我们需要分析了解表格题的出题规律。配对表格题的特征比较容易把握，往往在文章中会出现两个人或物，对它们多方面进行比较与对比。在听文章时，要对对是否可能会出现表格题进行预判，掌握先机。

例：In the lecture, the professor discusses characteristics of folktales and fairy tales, indicate the characteristics of each type of the tale...Click in the correct boxes. This question is worth two points.

在这道题目中明显提到discusses characteristics of folktales and fairy tales，因此可以看出他们之间是相互对比，并且他们之间是有差异的。通过文章的开头部分我们就能得出本篇文章的主要内容就是童话和民谣的区别，因此对于这两种故事要在听的过程中着重他们的区别以及自身的特点。

选项1：Their appeal is now mainly to children

这句话在文章的最后体现出来，So why is it that fairy tales seem targeted toward children nowadays?用反义疑问句的形式表达了童话故事对于儿童来说很受欢迎。通过结尾原则和因果原则，在听的过程中应该记录到fairy tales和children.

选项2：The plot is the only stable element

对应文章中的讲到同一个民间故事因为时间、地方等也会变得不一样，故事Because of this, elements like place and time can no longer be tailored to suit a particular audience，暗示只有情节不变。因此属于Folk tales.

选项3：The tales are transmitted orally

对应文章中So, what's a folktale? How would you characterize them? Jeff?，They were passed down orally within cultures from generation to generation,通过教授和学生的一问一答就可以看出folktale是通过passed down orally。在听的过程中，问答原则也可以为考生提醒这里是重点所在。

选项4：There is one accepted version

对应文中But with a fairy tale, it's always there in a book, waiting to be discovered, again and again. 因此可以看出童话故事只在书本上这一种被接收的方式。通过转折原则记录关键信息，a fairy tale、always in a book即可得出答案。

选项5：Characters are well developed

通过上面几个选项的分析，我们知道民谣是通过口口相传，而童话故事只出现在书本上，很显然只有童话故事的角色塑造要比民谣塑造的好。还可以通过找出对应的原文But in fairy tales, people no longer have to remember plots. So more energy can be put into other elements of the story like character and setting. character and setting被很好的塑造因此本选项属于童话故事。

选项6：The language is relatively formal

本选项和第五个选项的分析相同，因为书上的童话故事的语言是通过加工和认真修改的，而民谣通过人与人之间的交流相传，语言比较随便，因此语言比较正式的是童话故事。

托福听力练习：鹳靠捡垃圾生活

Humans aren't the only creatures who love junk food—many animals are known to enjoy sifting through our garbage to find edible treats.

And now we learn that some storks have stopped migrating from Europe to sub-Saharan Africa in the winter—they'd rather feed at landfills.

“They use landfill sites heavily during the winter and they travel very long distance to get to the sites.”

Aldina Franco of the University of East Anglia, one of the scientists who studied the storks' use of landfills in Portugal.

GPS tracking devices on 17 birds showed that the landfill life might mean up to 100-kilometer round-trips to feed—healthy distances, but far shorter than their historic migration routes.

“And also they use the nests throughout the year and look after the nests.

So these resident birds are in perfect condition, they are always ready to start breeding.

So as soon as spring arrives they're ready to go, the nest is in good condition, and they start breeding earlier.”

The number of storks overwintering in Portugal has shot up from fewer than 2,000 in 1995 to 14,000 in .

The increase appears to reflect both changes in behavior and a booming stork population in general.

The study is in the journal Movement Ecology.

The Portuguese landfills are slated to close in , with the trash diverted to covered recycling and composting facilities.

How will the storks respond?

Franco thinks they'll get back to basics.

“So the storks are social animals.

They live in colonies.

They migrate in groups.

So potentially as long as there are a few birds that still know the route, they can teach the ones that are currently residents how to migrate.”

不仅人类喜欢垃圾食品—许多动物也喜欢翻垃圾箱找寻食物。

而现在我们了解到一些鹳已经不再于冬天从欧洲向撒哈拉以南的非洲迁徙—因为它们宁愿在垃圾堆里寻找食物。

冬季它们严重依赖垃圾填埋场，而且要飞很远的距离才能到达。

东安格利亚大学的一位科学家，爱尔迪娜·弗朗科研究了葡萄牙鹳是如何利用垃圾填埋场的。

对17只鹳的GPS追踪定位装置显示垃圾填埋场的生活意味着觅食要来回飞行100千米，这可是段漫长旅途，但同它们过往的迁徙路线相比就变得微不足道了。

同时，鹳全年都需要栖居并照顾自己的巢穴。

因此这些没有迁徙的鹳现在过着很好的生活，它们总是随时准备进行繁殖。

因此春天一到，它们就做好准备，自己的爱巢处于绝佳状态而它们则提早繁殖。

在葡萄牙过冬的鹳数量骤增，从1995年的不到只，蹿升至的1.4万只。

数量上的增长总体上反应了鹳行为上的变化以及数量的增加。

这项研究已在《运动生态学》杂志上发表。

而随着垃圾进行回收及堆肥处理，葡萄牙的垃圾填埋场将于关闭。

届时这些鹳该如何应对呢?

弗朗科认为它们会回归以前的生活。

鹳是群居动物。

它们依靠群体而活。

同时也成群迁徙。

因此只要少数鹳仍然知道迁徙路线，就可以教会现在的居民们如何迁徙。

1.junk food 垃圾食品

例句:That's all candy and junk food.

那都是糖果和垃圾食品。

2.as soon as 只要

例句:As soon as we found this out, we closed the ward.

我们一发现此事就关闭了病房。

3.look after 照顾

例句:I love looking after the children.

我喜欢照顾小孩。

4.ready to 准备

例句:Are you ready to board, Mr. Daly?

你准备好登机了吗，戴利先生?

2020托福听力练习：智能传感器提高球技

Hall of Famer Ted Williams once famously commented that hitting a baseball is the hardest thing to do in sports.

Although Williams—a .344 career hitter—made it look easy, he had a point.

Hitting a round ball with a round bat squarely is difficult.

It's also an excellent example of some very entertaining applied physics.

No surprise then that professional baseball players are turning to science to improve their multimillion-dollar strokes.

Some approaches focus on the neuroscience of hitting—the deep internal brain mechanisms behind seeing the pitch and reacting to it.

But for more info about the swing itself, a sports tech company called Zepp Labs makes a sensor that can help break down those mechanics.

The sensor sits in the knob of the company's so-called “Smart Bat” and uses two accelerometers and a three-axis gyroscope to measure bat speed, hand speed, attack angle and other factors.

The sensor, which weighs only about eight grams, sends this info to a smartphone app via Bluetooth.

The app can then use this data to have an onscreen avatar reenact the swing, in the hope that the batter can pick up some details and make the necessary adjustments.

Zepp's sensors can also be fitted to golf clubs and tennis rackets.

Never one to mince words, Ted Williams also once said that pitchers were “the stupidest people alive.”

Hmm, maybe somebody could come up with a smart baseball to help them.

Against any Ted Williamses out there, anyway.

曾入主名人堂的泰德·威廉姆斯曾经评价打棒球是体育运动中最难的事情。

尽管威廉姆斯在职业生涯中很轻松就达成了344次的安打率，但他说的说法很有道理。

用一根圆棍子准确击打一个圆球可并不简单。

这同时也是非常有趣的应用物理学中一个典型的例子。

Zepp传感器体积约2.54cm一个小正方体约6.3g 外形靓丽坚固.png

职业棒球运动员通过科学帮助提高自己价值数百万美元的击球，这并不是新鲜事。

而一些方法则将重点集中在击球的神经科学方面—棒球运动员在看到球投出后做出反应，这背后所蕴藏的是大脑的深层机制。

但关于更多挥棒信息，一家名为泽普实验室的体育科技公司制造的传感器可以帮助突破大脑传统的机制。

该传感器位于这家公司“智能球棒”的把手处，其中的2个加速器及一个3轴陀螺仪能够对球棒速度、手速、打击角度等其他因素进行测量。

而这款仅有8克重的传感器可以通过蓝牙将信息发送到智能手机的APP应用程序上。

而接收数据后，APP应用程序则会在屏幕上再次重塑挥棒的立体影像，这样球拍就能接收细节信息并做出必要调整。

泽普公司的这款传感器也可以安装在高尔夫球杆及网球拍上。

无需过多赘述，泰德·威廉姆斯曾经表示投手是最愚蠢的人。

或许有人可以发明出一颗智能棒球来助他们一臂之力。

这样就可以反驳泰德·威廉姆斯啦。

1.come up with 想出

例句:Several of the members have come up with suggestions of their own.

有几位成员提出了自己的建议。

2.turn to 转向

例句:Tonight it's my turn to cook.

今晚该我做饭了。

3.focus on 集中

例句:The talks will focus on economic development of the region.

会谈将着重讨论该地区的经济发展。

4.pick up 拿起

例句:He picked his cap up from the floor and stuck it back on his head.

他从地板上拾起帽子，重新戴在头上。

篇2：托福听力配对题实例分析选项解题思路指点

托福听力配对题实例分析选项解题思路指点

托福听力配对题怎么做?

选项1：Their appeal is now mainly to children

选项2：The plot is the only stable element

选项3：The tales are transmitted orally

选项4：There is one accepted version

选项5：Characters are well developed

选项6：The language is relatively formal

通过上文实例讲解分析，小编相信大家对于托福听力的配对表格题都有了更进一步的认识，如果考生能够结合本文内容掌握解题思路技巧，那么今后配对表格题就很难再给大家造成困扰了。

2020托福听力练习：对蜘蛛的恐惧

“Both of us were in the lab when we just saw a spider, and I'm really afraid of them.

So I started to scream for her to come and pick it up because she's not afraid of them.”

Ben-Gurion University of the Negev psychologist Tali Leibovich, talking about herself and a colleague.

“And she said, but it's small, how come you're afraid of it?

And I said, no it's huge! And she said 'it's small; I said it's huge.

We started arguing, and this is why we started this study. To see who is right.”

Leibovich does not ordinarily study spiders.

But this spider encounter made her curious about how the human brain understands magnitude—what are the factors that influence our estimation of how big or small something is?

And does fear play a role?

So she and colleagues did an experiment in which participants had to say how big a spider in a photo was on a scale from housefly to goat.

And the subjects who were afraid of spiders consistently rated the arachnids as larger than did the non-phobic participants.

But the spider-phobes did not miscalculate the size of butterflies or birds.

Nor did they see wasps as larger-than-life, even though wasps can be dangerous.

The estimation error was spider-specific.

It seems our emotions drive us to experience the same world in very different ways.

The results are in the journal Biological Psychology.

“Now we can ask the question of what causes what?

Is it the fear of spiders that makes you see them as larger, or first you see them as larger for some reason and because of it you start being afraid of them?”

If it's the latter, then perhaps spider-phobes can be trained to more accurately judge the size of the arachnids, and maybe that could ease their worries.

Some might even come to see spiders as actually kind of cool—or at least not downright terrifying.

我们看到蜘蛛是在实验室里，我真的非常害怕这种生物。

因此我就冲她大喊大叫让她把蜘蛛弄走，因为她不害怕。”

班古里昂大学的内盖夫心理学家塔里·勒博维奇谈论着自己和同事的经历。

“我的同事说，蜘蛛那么小的个头，你怎么会害怕呢?

而我说，不，它很大的!她说蜘蛛很小，但我则说很大。

随后我们开始争论起来。而为了证明孰是孰非，我们开始了这项研究。

勒博维奇并没有按照常理出牌去研究蜘蛛。

但这次被蜘蛛吓到的经历让她对人类的大脑如何理解大小产生好奇—究竟是哪些因素对我们评判事物大小的标准产生影响呢?

恐惧是否也在其中起到关键作用呢?

因此她和同事们进行了一项实验，参与其中的试验者们必须说出照片中从家蝇到山羊相大小的蜘蛛到底有多大。

相比不害怕蜘蛛的受试者，对蜘蛛感到害怕的人认为这种生物更大一些。

但蜘蛛恐惧症者并不会错误判断蝴蝶或鸟类的体型。

而且尽管黄蜂非常危险，他们也不会认为黄蜂比实际要大一些。

这种错误的估计只针对蜘蛛。

似乎我们的情感驱使着我们用不同的方式体验着同一个世界。

这项研究已在《生物心理学》杂志上发表。

“现在我们可以探究原因，是什么原因造成这种情况呢?

是因为对蜘蛛的恐惧让你觉得它们看起来很大，还是第一次见到蜘蛛就觉得它们体积较大令你害怕?”

如果是后者，那么蜘蛛恐惧症也许可以通过训练更准确地判断蜘蛛的大小，这样也许能缓解他们的担忧。

有些人甚至认为看到蜘蛛很酷啊—至少不是很害怕。

1.pick up 捡起;接载

例句:He picked his cap up from the floor and stuck it back on his head.

他从地板上拾起帽子，重新戴在头上。

2.afraid of 害怕

例句:He was afraid of hurting my feelings.

他怕伤了我的心。

3.start to 开始

例句:I'll start to think about it when I have to write my report.

我要写报告时会对此予以考虑的。

4.talk about 谈论

例句:I had a long talk about this with my best friend.

我和我最好的朋友就此事进行了长谈。

2020托福听力练习：黑洞碰撞合并对引力波影响

The news last month that gravitational waves had been discovered made waves throughout the world of science.

The finding, from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, or LIGO, showed that extreme gravity can cause ripples in spacetime.

In the case studied, the extreme gravity came from two colliding black holes.

Now one scientist is suggesting an added wrinkle—that those two black holes might have originated in a single star.

“The situation is similar to a pregnant woman that has twin babies in her belly.”

Avi Loeb of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

He's proposing the idea in a paper that's been accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.

Loeb became suspicious because just 0.4 seconds after LIGO spotted the gravitational waves, a space telescope called Fermi glimpsed a bright flash of gamma-ray light in the same area of the sky.

“Detecting such a signal is quite surprising from a collision of two black holes.

What could be the source of a flash of light following a black hole merger?”

Colliding black holes should not produce such light—but the death of a very massive star could.

“My idea was that if the star is spinning very rapidly to start with, then as its core collapses it produces a bar that breaks into two clumps of matter, sort of like a dumbbell configuration. And these two clumps of matter orbit a common center, and they eventually collapse independently into two black holes.”

Of course, it's possible that the Fermi telescope signal was a false alarm.

So we'll see if future gravitational wave detections are also accompanied by flashes of light—supporting the idea that twin black holes collided upon the collapse of a massive star.

上个月人类首次直接探测到引力波的新闻在科学界激起了波澜。

这一在激光干涉引力波天文台(LIGO)上的重大发现,表明极限重力可以引发时空涟漪。

在这项研究中,这种极限重力来自两个黑洞的碰撞。

美国宇航局费米太空望远镜在引力波信号之后大约0.4秒检测到伽玛射线爆发.jpg

而现在一位科学家提出一种特别的理论，那就是这两个黑洞可能起源于同一颗恒星。

“这样的情况就好比一位怀有双胞胎的孕妇一样。

“哈佛-史密森天体物理中心的天体物理学家艾维·勒布说道。

在《天体物理学杂志》上发表的一篇研究中他提出了这样的观点。

勒布提出质疑是因为LIGO观测到引力波信号仅0.4秒后,费米太空望远镜就检测到伽玛射线爆发，而引力波和伽玛射线爆发均产生于同一片区域。

ab两图是通过数值求解爱因斯坦方程得到的双黑洞轨道演化.jpg

“检测这样一种来自两个黑洞碰撞的信号令人非常吃惊。

黑洞碰撞合并后闪光可能的来源是什么?”

碰撞的黑洞不应该产生这样的光芒，但一颗大质量恒星死亡后却可以。

“我的设想是,如果恒星的转速足够快，它的核心将伸展并呈现哑铃状，随后分裂为两个部分，每个部分单独形成一个黑洞。

当然,也存在费米太空望远镜所检测到的信号是一次假警报的可能。

因此如果未来的引力波探测也伴随闪光，支持两个黑洞相撞可能来自于一颗大质量恒星消亡的产物，我们将对此拭目以待。

1.gravitational wave 引力波

例句:What will happen when a gravitational wave was found by my computer?

如果一个引力波被我的电脑找到了(计算出来了)，会怎么样?

2.come from 来自

例句:I come from the north.

我是北方人。

3.black hole 黑洞

例句:Radio signals received from the galaxy's centre back up the black hole theory.

从该星系中心收到的无线电信号证实了黑洞理论。

4.start with 开始

例句:To work out a plan, one has to start with investigation.

制定计划要从调查研究入手。

篇3：托福阅读难点题型解题思路实例分析

托福阅读难点题型解题思路实例分析句子简化题做法介绍

托福阅读句子简化题怎么做?

托福阅读的句子简化题要求考生快速地把文章段落中打上阴影的一个长难句简化成一个意思不变的同义句。解答句子简化题其实有一个规律，那就是：原句的核心信息在正确选项中一定被同义改写了，但是句子中的重要的逻辑关系是不会变的。知道这个规律，解开这道题就变得简单了。

托福阅读句子简化题解题技巧实例讲解

下面，我们来看官方真题Official3Desertification这篇文章的句子简化题：

The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendousnumbers of people affected, as well as from thegreat difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.

A Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects largeareas of land and great numbers of people.

B Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread overlarge areas of land.

C The spread of deserts is considered a very seriousproblem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countriesare involved in the effort.

D Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless thepopulation is reduced in the vast areas affected.

很多托福考生在做句子简化题时，习惯性地把待简化的句子翻译成中文，那样做其实不仅慢，而且很容易乱。

正确的做法是：

1.找出句子的主谓宾，也就是谁做了什么，然后关注句子的逻辑关系。例题的主语是：seriousness of desertification，逻辑关系词是表示原因的：result from，所以我们可以优先看有表示原因的选项，他们中若有正确答案，那么剩下的选项就无需过问了。这样做不仅快，而且效率高。我们不难发现：A选项中有because;B选项中有because of;所以我们先看这两个选项。

2.我们还发现原因用as well as相连，说明是两个原因，一个是影响land和people，一个是reverse和slowthe process很难。A选项正确表达了句意，而B选项把原文中并列的两个原因变成了因果关系，很明显是错的。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：Successin colonization...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

Successin colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization ---- a safe site where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level at which the invading species can become established.

结构划分：

Success in colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization ---- (a safe site) (where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level) (at which the invading species can become established.)

深度分析：

这个句子的主干就是：

Success in colonization depends (to a great extent) on there being a site (available for colonization)

注意depend on被短语to a great extent(很大程度)隔开了，断句不要出现问题，后面还有一个放在后面的形容词短语(available for colonization)修饰a site

修饰一：(a safe site) ，同位语，解说说明前面的a site

中文：一个安全的地点

修饰二：(where disturbance by fire or bycutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level) ，从句

这个从句有点复杂：

where disturbance (by fire or by cutting down of trees) has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level

(by fire or by cutting down oftrees)，介词修饰放在后面disturbance

注意这里有一个并列结构，either or

either removed competing species

or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level

中文：在那里由于焚烧或伐木要么移除了竞争物种，要么减低了竞争水平和其它负面的物种间相互影响的水平

修饰三：(at which the invading species can become established.) ，从句

中文：入侵物种能够定居下来。

参考翻译：

成功的移居很大程度上依赖于有一个可用的移居的地点，即一个安全的地点，在那里由于焚烧或伐木要么移除了竞争物种，要么把物种间的竞争和其他负面的物种间相互影响减少到让入侵物种能够定居下来。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：Many prehistorians believe...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

Many prehistorians believe that farming may have emerged dependently in several different areas of the world when small communities, driven by increasing population and a decline in available food resources, began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival.

结构划分：

Many prehistorians believe that farming may have emerged dependently (in several different areas of the world) (when small communities, (driven by increasing population and a decline in available food resources), began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival).

深度分析：

这个句子的主干是：

Many prehistorians believe that从句

从句中的主干是：

farming may have emerged dependently

修饰一：(in several different areas of the world)，介词短语

中文：在世界几个不同地区

修饰二：(driven by increasing population and a decline inavailable food resources)，非谓语动词，相当于形容词修饰small communities

中文：迫于人口不断增长和可用食物资源减

修饰三：(when small communities began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival)，从句

请大家注意此处的断句问题。

从句的主谓被非谓语给隔开了。就是它：

(driven by increasing population and a decline inavailable food resources)

中文：当一些小的群落开始在地里种植种子去努力保证他们生存时

参考翻译：

许多史前学家认为：当一些小的群落迫于人口不断增长和可用食物资源减少压力，开始在地里种植种子去努力保证他们生存时，农业可能在世界几个不同地区就独立出现了。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：Chinese papermakers...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

It has been said that Chinese papermakers were among the prisoners captured in a battle fought near Samarqand between the Chineseand the Muslims in 751, and the technique of papermaking - in which cellulosepulp extracted from any of several plants is first suspended in water, caught on a fine screen, and then dried into flexible sheets - slowly spread westward.

词汇讲解：

cellulose /'selj?l??z/ n. 纤维素

pulp /p?lp/ n. 果肉;纸浆

extract /?k'str?kt/ vt. 取出，拔出;压出, 榨出(汁液等);选录，摘录

suspend /s?'spend/ vt. 悬挂或吊起某物;使(某物)悬浮;使(某事物)暂停

screen n. (筛煤﹑ 砾石等的)筛子

flexible /'fl?ks?bl/ adj. 易弯曲的，柔韧的，有弹性的

结构划分：

It has been said that Chinese papermakers were among the prisoners (capturedin a battle)(fought near Samarqand)(between the Chinese and the Muslims in 751), and the technique of papermaking - (in which cellulose pulp extracted from any of several plants is first suspended in water, caught on a fine screen, and then dried into flexible sheets) - slowly spread westward.

深度分析：

这个句子的主干是：

It has been said that + 从句

从句的主干是：

Chinese papermakers were among the prisoners and the technique of papermaking slowly spread westward

修饰一：(captured in a battle)，非谓语动词，相当于形容词，修饰the prisoners

中文：在战争中被俘

修饰二：(fought near Samarqand)，非谓语动词，相当于形容词，修饰battle

中文：在撒马尔罕附近

修饰三：(between the Chinese and the Muslims in 751)，介词短语

中文：在751年，在中国和穆斯林之间

修饰四：(in which cellulose pulp extracted from any of severalplants is first suspended in water, caught on a fine screen, and then dried into flexible sheets)，从句，修饰the technique of papermaking

注意：从句里面还有一个非谓语动词修饰cellulosepulp

cellulose pulp (extracted from any ofseveral plants) is first suspended in water

中文：首先从几颗植物中提取纤维素纸浆悬浮在水中，在精致的筛子上过滤，然后烘干成有韧性的纸张

参考翻译：

据说在751年，在中国和穆斯林之间，在撒马尔罕附近的一场战役中，中国的造纸匠被虏成为囚犯，这样造纸术(首先从几颗植物中提取纤维素纸浆悬浮在水中，在精致的筛子上过滤，然后烘干成有韧性的纸张)才缓慢向西方传播。

篇4：托福阅读难点题型答题思路

托福阅读难点题型答题思路

托福阅读推理题题型介绍

托福阅读推理题可分为两类：有共性的推理题和无共性的推理题

这里所谓的有共性推理题就是说题干中有和原文内容相同的关键词(也叫线索)。根据关键词回原文定位，然后进行推理。一般来说，大多数的推理题都属于这类题目。对于无共性的推理题，也就是题干中无线索，一般使用排除法，即根据各个选项的关键词回原文定位，通过排除法得出正确答案。返回原文找信息点，采用排除法是解决这两类题型解决的共同策略。

托福阅读推理题解题信息点讲解

托福阅读解题需要注意这些信息点：

1. 日期和数字

2. 各类关键词

表示多少的副词: many , some, much of, several , a few ,most …;情态动词：may, can , could…;表示过去的：used to be , was, were , at one time, previously ;表示不是唯一的： not only ,not exclusively等。

托福阅读推理题3种具体解题思路分析

1、一般对比推理：根据两个事情的对比特征，问其中一个事物的特征，只要将与之形成对比的另外一个事情的特征否定掉就可以。

2、时间对比推理：在这种推理中，一般有两个形成对比的时间段，它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时，只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。

3、集合概念推理：一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比，两者之间存在着互补性关系，也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的减少。反之，相同。

托福阅读推理题解题思路实例讲解

上面说的可能比较抽象，我们来看一个例子：

例如：Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the civil war, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.

What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?

(A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers.

(B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.

(D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation.

文中指出：非农业人口的数量和比例都增加了。由此可知农业人口的数量和比例下降，所以(B)为正确答案

进行日常托福阅读训练的方法

1、多阅读英文文章

我们成为extensive reading。阅读考试考察的是我们的理解文章能力，这个能力不是一天就训练的出来，是要经过长期积累而产生的。平时的练习就是一种锻炼，一种积累，要用正确的阅读方法和解题方法，这样每天的练习，就是不断的强化，长此以往，在考场上才能得心应手，不慌不忙，从容应对考试，考出高分来。多读英文文章会增强阅读能力，可以加快阅读速度，扩大我们的词汇量。这样的话在就可以减少在考场上推测生词意思上时间的花费了。节省下来的时间久可以用来更好低理解文章了。

2、读一些比较深度的文章(challenging reading)

在时间宽裕情况下，建议读一些内容较深的文章，不认识的单词可以查字典并记录下来。托福的文章大多是大学程度的，需要我们平时进行一些有难度的训练，才能跟上节奏。

3、多去阅读一些常见大学科目的文章

如科学、科技、历史、政治、文化、文学、艺术、人物传记等方面的题材，自己在平时进行课外阅读时可以有意识地躲涉猎一些，这个就不用英语了，可以看中文的，我们的目的是要了解这方面的知识。比如说科技领域里面，正流行的是什么，未来发展的趋势是哪里，这些我们都要基本了解，因为很多阅读文章都是从这个方向上出题的，我们不可能了解的很深入，研究得彻底，至少做到心中有数，知道存在这样东西或这个事件，能有兴趣知道来龙去脉就更好了。虽然说托福的设计原则是让一个对文章主题所涉及的主题没有这方面知识的人，也能成功作答。但是如果你之前对这个主题有所了解，那么你就比其他同学对文章理解的更加彻底了，回答更能得心应手了。

托福写作结尾段构成元素

1. 再次陈述主题。用 paraphrase 方式再次呈现主题陈述中出现的三要素: a.问题中存在争议的地方; b.观点;c.理由。

2. 结束句。放在陈述完主题之后。

托福写作辅导提出结尾段结束句的三种常见写法：

一. 托福作文的后总结教训或提出建议

In conclusion, whether to imitate or vary from others to achieve success, it hinges mostly on the occupations we engage in. For jobs like doctors that require routine practices, it is unnecessary for them to make alterations to become successful. Whereas artists like painters whose works are characteristic of creativity and imagination, it is of crucial importance to distinguish from others to succeed.

二. 提出令人忧虑的结果或可能出现的负面结果

假设读者没有想作者说的那样去做，在结论中提出将会出现的负面结果，帮助读者预见到令人忧虑的后果，进而令读者自然第接受作者的意见。

e.g., To summarize, on one hand, for artists who are fortunate to profit immensely from their occupation, it is unnecessary for the government to offer additional financial incentives for them. On the other hand, government should provide financial support and appropriate policies to impoverished artists who engage in conventional craftsmanship because these are viewed as national treasure and cultural heritage of the country. If the government did not support those unfortunate traditional artists, the valuable conventional forms of arts would disappear very soon.

三. 提出问题留待读者思考

In conclusion, it is inevitable for children to commit mistakes at a young age, parents should play their part to instill the importance of good behaviors in their children. Parents should allow children to make small mistakes as a meaningful learning experience. However, what would be like if parents permit their children to commit serious mistakes like theft and robbery?

结尾段常用表达方式：

Finally, thus, in a word, in brief;

In conclusion, to conclude, in the end;

In the final analysis, in a nutshell, on the whole;

To summarize, to encapsulate, in sum, in summary

In light of these facts, considering these ideas

托福阅读

篇5：托福听力高频题型解题思路分析

托福听力修辞题题数和出现位置介绍

IBT听力中的修辞题通常出现在课堂演讲(lectures)部分，在2个长对话，4个课堂演讲中，一般占5至6题。

托福听力修辞题常见提问形式一览

修辞题通常都是以特殊疑问词开头的特殊疑问句，例如：

Why does the professor say this?(询问使用了何种修辞手段)

A: To encourage the students to think about the issue under a bigger context.

B: To elicit an answer from the students.

C: To compare two different things figuratively to engage his students.

D: To describe an imaginative situation.

How dies the professor illustrate his point about ___? (询问谈话人是如何创造了某种修辞手段的)

A: by comparing X to Y

B: by giving an example of X

Why does the professor say so? (节选了演讲中某一带有修辞用法的部分，让考生回答为什么谈话人用此修辞)

A: To point out a flaw

B: To repeat a point

C: To define an important term

D: To exemplify a key point?

篇6：托福听力高频题型解题思路分析

1. 熟悉常用修辞手段，如比喻(又分明喻，暗喻等)，夸张，比拟，例证，借代，反问，反复，设问等等。

2. 听原文时即可适时判断谈话人的真实意图，谈话人某句讲话修辞手法运用明显之时，往往就是考点出现之处。

3. 注意根据上线问和谈话气氛来综合回答问题，不要脱离主题凭空猜测谈话人的修辞意图。

托福阅读修辞题解题技巧实例讲解

Professor: Through much of the last century, America’s faith in freedom and democracy was a rock in a raging sea. Now it is a seed upon the wind, taking root in many nations.

Narrator:Listen again to a part of the lecture. Then answer the question.

Professor: …Now it is a seed upon the wind, taking root in many nations.

Why does the professor say this?

A: To encourage the students to think about the issue under a bigger context.

B: To elicit an answer from the students.

C: To compare two different things figuratively to engage his students.

D: To describe an imaginative situation.

解析：

该题是询问为何使用某种修辞手法。

从谈话节选段落中我们很容易看出，教授使用的是暗喻的方法。

该段落大概的意思是：在上个世纪的大部分时间里，美国式民主和自由的信仰如石沉大海，波澜不惊;而今，却如清风拂絮，撒落人间。

暗喻的方式是为了形成对比，从而激起听者的想象力，活跃课堂谈话的气氛。

综上所述正确答案为C。

托福听力考试的六个注意重点

托福听力六大重点1.High-quality extensive listening

我认为泛听的最佳材料有两个：一个是National Geographic(国家地理频道)，另一个是Discovery(探索)。看的时候一定要有英文字幕。每天看，养成习惯，会有很大收获。虽然有些考生认为泛听没有效果，关键开始因人而异，找到适合考生自己的听力训练方法，自然事半功倍。

托福听力六大重点2.Dictation

是指听写。将一篇听力录音中的原文全部听录下来，它是提高听力最有效的方法。对于准备新托福考试的考生而言，最好的听写材料是老托福的lecture。基础比较薄弱的学生，可以先花一个月的时间将新概念第二和第三册的美英版听写完，然后再来听写老托福的lecture。

托福听力六大重点3.Subconscious listening practice

是指“下意识的听力练习”。它是指为自己创造一个英文的环境，比如早晨一起床，我们就打开音箱播放英语，可以是托福的听力材料，可以是英文广播，也可以是一部英文电影等，这样做的好处是随时都可以听到英语，在潜移默化中不知不觉地加深对英语的敏感度。其实这点和泛听有点类似。

托福听力六大重点4.Summary

是“概述，大意”的意思。具体指学生在听到一篇听力材料后所进行的概括。考生不需要听懂材料的每一个细节，但要抓住说话人的思路和框架。这个训练对于托福听力至关重要。练习summary的方法很简单，可以托福听力讲座为材料，一边听一边记笔记，录音结束后，根据大脑记忆和笔记，对全文重点内容进行英文复述，反复练习，直到可以将一篇讲座顺畅复述出来为止。

托福听力六大重点5.intensive listening

是指精听。我们这里所说的“精听”步骤如下：一边听一边看原文，划出自己不认识或似曾相识但反应不过来的词;录音结束，开始查生词，写在原文的旁边，只要写出这个单词在这篇文章中的意思即可;将这篇材料当阅读文章快速精读一遍，彻底看懂;再一边看原文，一边放录音，嘴上要跟读，反复几遍，一直听到可以不看原文彻底听懂为止。

盘点托福听力中的高频失分点

首先第一个失分点就是因为我们在托福听力考试中的紧张情绪，遇到一个单词听不懂就会变得很紧张。

这样就会恶性循环，越听越不好。考生会很难进入考试状态，所以开始的那几篇听力往往做的都不是很好。考生在考试当天，就可以先听力题，这样有助于稳定情绪和保持状态。

人一紧张就很难集中精力，所以在听力的时候就会忽视很多细节温柔，但是在托福听力考试中，有 80%细节题，这对忽视了细节的考生是很不利的。在做听力考试的时候，你可以先把握主题还有结构，同时记下一些比较重要的信息，重复多词的信息往往非常重要。

还有一个失分点是因为考生在考试的时候，无法清楚方应出一个单词的意思。总觉得这个单词有印象，但是就是不知道意思。很多考生会出现这种问题，原因就是考生的单词系统不能和听到的信息形成直接的反射。我们可以再背单词的时候就通过听来背单词，这样有助于形成自然的条件反射。汇或者词组多加记忆。

另一大失分点就是考生纠结于某个听不懂的一道题目上，竟而忽略了后面的题目。如果你在考试的时候碰到这样的情况，你应该应该先放一遍，先听下面的内容。如果有多余的时间的话再回过来考虑这个题目。这种情况凭着自己的第一感觉做就好了，过多纠结就是浪费时间。要是你发现你没跟上听力的节凑，试着跳掉一两题，这样就是舍小头赚大头了，你还是很合算的。

怎样应对托福听力中的专有名词

一.记缩写

在托福听力专有名词的记录过程中，我们要尽量记下自己对听到音的缩写，那么由于考生普遍对元音判断并不很准确，我建议大家尽量多记辅音;与此同时，可以用大写或者记完后画圈圈的方式将专有名词标注的明显一些，方便在做题时进行查找。比如上文中提到的chromatophore，我们可以记成CHROM 并且画个圈圈，这种托福听力技巧能帮助我们更好的记下繁杂的专有名词，帮助我们更好的理解文章意思。

二.听释义

一般我们在听到专有名词的前后，由于它们本身不属于托福听力词汇的考查范围，所以我们大多数都能听到对专有名词的解释，那么我们要迅速记下解释中的重要词汇，这可以帮助我们理解该专有名词的大意，比如在chromatophore的前后，我们就可以听到一个解释：Chromatophores consist of tiny sacs filled withcolor dye.意思是C是装有染色体的小囊;同时，在考试中，我们发现除了对专有名词的考查之外，我们时常也能碰到直接用专有名词的解释来考题的现象。当然，这项要求是建立在大家有一定的词汇基础之上的，所以大家在备考过程中，一定要多注意词汇的积累。

三.听观点

如果很不幸，我们没能将专有名词的释义及时记录下来，那么这时，我们需要通过前后文中的观点去判断。托福听力的文章一般都是非常有逻辑性的，观点性非常强。在听的过程中，每部分的内容都是紧紧围绕观点而展开的，我们应通过观点去帮助我们判断。比如说上文中提到的chromatophore一词，出现在章鱼利用细胞来变化颜色，所以就算我们不知道 chromatophore是色素细胞，也可以通过前后文判断，它是章鱼身上可以帮助变化颜色的东东。

有效使用托福听力TPO的四大阶段

众所周知，托福(课程)TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料。但是，你是否仍有如下困惑：我是不是把TPO的题目全部做完就能得高分?我只有1个月的备考时间，应该练习TPO第几套题?我已经刷了30多套听力题，为什么我的托福听力分数还是没有提高?

回答这些问题之前，请你先想想，你是怎么样做TPO的呢?

你的做题步骤是不是：做题-对答案-看原文-思考片刻-恍然大悟-开始听下一篇文章，如此循环?

如果你是这样对待TPO听力文章的话，那么你就走入了一个误区——没有合理地使用托福TPO听力。托福TPO是备考托福听力的必用宝典，来自ETS曾经考过的真题，有时还会直接出现于现在的托福听力加试部分。目前为止，ETS一共发布了42套TPO题目，其中37-42套题是相对接近现在考试的难度的。这些题如果运用得当，就足够提升我们的听力水平;但是如果使用不当，那就是白白浪费了这么宝贵的材料。

那么到底该如何充分有效地利用TPO呢?如何避免盲目练题呢?下面老师将对42套TPO整体难度进行分析，告诉大家如何从以下四个阶段利用TPO进行复习备考。

1. 第一阶段：基础段

听力成绩：13-15分

阶段目标：熟悉托福听力的题型和考试内容，摸索适合自己的学习方法。

推荐材料：TPO1-10 套，OG

难度分析：年代最早的TPO材料，整体来说比较简单，但TPO8&9套的题目难度较大，如果做的结果不好，不需要沮丧。

2. 第二阶段，分题型、分场景、分学科背景专项训练强化段

听力成绩：16-19分

阶段目标：总结学科背景，体会不同题型的解题技巧。

推荐材料：TPO11-20套

难度分析：大部分文章都属于普通难度，第11套比较简单，第12、15、16、19套中，各有一篇高难度的文章。

3. 第三阶段，套题模考强化段

听力成绩：20-24

阶段目标：适应听力部分的长度和考试强度，体会每一篇对话的话题转折处，以及讲座的段落层次考点。

推荐材料：TPO21-30

难度分析：TPO21-23属于高难度套题，TPO25之后和现在考试难度相似。

4. 第四阶段，冲刺段

听力成绩：25+

阶段目标：巩固解题技巧，查缺补漏，调整心态。

推荐材料：TPO30-42

难度分析：TPO30之后的题目，尤其是37-42套和现在的考试非常接近，是很好的模拟练习材料，而这几套题市面上还没有售卖，相应题目可以在新东方在线致赢托福一对一课程中获得。

其实，所谓的TPO难度是指文章和题目的综合难度，有的文章虽然音频听起来很复杂，全都是陌生的专业名词和细节描述，但后面的题目只是考了大的框架结构;而有些文章虽然听起来不难，但是后面的题目选项设置迷惑度却很大，这种规律现在出现的越来越多。所以，分析干扰选项的特征在完成题目后尤其重要。

篇7：托福听力推断题型提升正确率答题思路实例讲解

最常见的，就是话说一半型推断：也就是往往原文的话不会说完，留下想(出)象(题)的空间，或者中间会缺少衔接的逻辑，需要自己推导。

比如说，听力里说了两句话：

1. 动物都是要喝水的

2. 所以人要喝水

问：What can be inferred from 刚刚这两句话里?

这中间其实就跨过去了一条逻辑。前后这两句话摆在一起，其实默认了一个逻辑：动物要喝水——(人属于一种动物)——所以人要喝水。

所以答案就是：人是一种动物。

推断题，往往就是这个套路，接下来让我们来看几个难题实例。

托福听力推断题难题实例精讲

托福官方模考套题40 Lecture 3 Q5：

What does the professor mean when he refers to biomass carbon as “current carbon”?

A. It is the fuel source most widely approved by environmentalists today.

B. It is part of a balanced system of carbon emission and absorption.

C. It is circulated throughout the oceans by the movement of ocean water.

D. It readily combines with other carbon molecules to produce long chains.

原文是这样的：

Biomass carbon is what we might call current carbon.It's always going in and out of the atmosphere. (第一层逻辑) So if we burn one of these fuels, we're putting its carbon into atmosphere. Right? (第二层逻辑)But in a balanced system, somewhere else in the world the same amount of carbon is going back.(第三层逻辑) It gets taken in by growing vegetation. So burning biomass fuel produces sort of not-so-bad carbon(第四层逻辑)

我们一起来分析一下，这段话里：

第一层逻辑：Biomass carbon=current carbon(先不要管这两个专业名词是什么意思，此处并不重要)，并且在大气层里进进出出;

第二层逻辑：燃烧这些biomass的燃料，就会增加碳排放量;

第三层逻辑：但是在一个平衡的系统里，碳排放量会被吸收;

第四层逻辑：所以燃烧biomass产生的碳排放并不是很糟糕。

这几句话重点在第三、四层逻辑上，也就是：本来biomass燃料是会增加碳排放量的，但是在一个平衡的系统里，排放出去的碳会被吸收回去，所以这么看来biomass也不是很糟糕。

所以这几句话隐藏的一层逻辑关系是：我们默认biomass carbon是一个balanced 系统(所以情况才不会那么糟糕)

所以这道题选B。

托福官方模考套题43 Lecture 1 Q2

What does the professor imply when she explains why leaves are green?

A. She wants to correct a common misconception about the topic.

B. She thinks the students are probably already familiar with the material.

C. She believes the process is too complicated to discuss in depth.

D. She knows that students are often confused about the functions of chlorophyll.

原文是这样的：

before we discuss why leaves turn red, first, let's, urn, look, I know this is very old material, but just to play it safe, let's first go over why leaves are usually green. It's chlorophyll, right?

这段话明面上给出我们的信息：

“树叶为啥变红”这个问题是老生常谈 ;

教授是出于保险起见，现在要复习这个老生常谈的东西。

所以我们能推断的信息：教授默认这是大家本应知道的东西。

所以这道题选B。

篇8：托福听力推断题型提升正确率答题思路实例讲解

所以一般来说，推断题答案都会散布在文章中，不会直接提及，但一定能在文章中找到理论支撑。所以最常见的要用到因果逻辑、转折逻辑和一点点概括能力。

所以在听听力原文的时候，我们要关注：教授话说了一半没有继续说下去的时候，尤其是有明确转折，但是又没有明说转折后面是啥的时候;或者是教授提到了两种相互关联的东西，却只明确解释了其中一方的时候。

托福听力中“研究、实验”的考点思路怎么解

在托福听力考试中，Lecture往往是同学们最大的痛。所谓的Lecture其实就是Professor上课内容的一个片段——涉及的学科往往分以下四类：

艺术

自然科学

生命科学

社会科学

从这四个分类我们可以看出Lecture具有极强的学术性，这也是为什么学生感到头疼的重大原因。不过，其实Lecture并没有大家想象的那么难，Lecture的整体结构和出题思路还是有很强的规律性的，今天Ted就主要和大家探讨一下关于Lecture(以及部分学术类Conversation)中出现研究、实验内容时常见的考点思路。

首先，我们先来看一组选自托福线上练习中涉及到研究、实验类的题目：

What surprising information did a recent experiment reveal about lesser spear-nosed bats?

The woman mentions a research study of milk packaging. What was thefinding of the study?

What was demonstrated by the study on perception that the professor mentions?

What does the professor say about the results of the brain research?

What is the significance of the evidence found on the ocean floor?

What did calcite deposits from Devils Hole reveal?

The professor discusses a study on the relationship between brain growth and play. What does that study conclude?

What did researchers conclude from their study of sauropods and gastroliths?

According to the professor, what were the results of Goeth's experiments with color?

What did researchers conclude after analyzing fossilized dinosaur bones found near nests?

According to the professor, what did researchers find at an archaeological site in Turkey?

What did researchers discover about the planet Gliese 581d when they reexamined it?

What did researchers observe in the study of fourteen-year-old children?

这些题目都是问到了关于Lecture中提及的experiment, research, study…

但从题干中的其他关键词：reveal, demonstrate, conclude, find, discover, observe, finding, result, evidence，我们还可以总结出，这些关于研究、实验类的题目问的都是研究者发现了什么，研究揭露、表明了什么，研究结论是什么。

所以总而言之，当Lecture中提及研究、实验时，我们需要听懂并记录的常见考点就是——研究的结论!

例如：

Yeah, and I read a study that showed how light can give milk a funny flavor and decrease its nutritional value.

Again, studies have shown that people will fill in information that they thought they perceived even when they didn't.

Gliese 581d had actually been discovered a couple of years earlier, and when its orbit was originally calculated it was thought to be too far away from its hosts star to be warm enough to support a liquid ocean, let alone, carbon-based life. But then its orbit was recalculated, and nowwe see that Gliese 581 D is within its host’s habitable zone.

为大家罗列一些听力中研究结论的常见信号词：

第一步：先听到professor提及“研究”

study，research，experiment，article，journal…

scientist，researcher，archaeologist，geologist，biologist…

科学家人名 e.g. Galileo

第二步：听到“结论”并记录

show，indicate，suggest，turn out…

find，discover，observe，we learnt，we see…

result，conclusion，finding，evidence…

in the end，finally，and get this…

接下来，我们再来看另外一组选自托福线上练习的有关研究、实验的题目：

The professor mentions experiments on the wind speed necessary to move rocks. What is the professor’s attitude toward the experiments?

What is the professor’s opinion about the conclusions of the recent study of the limestone formations in the Empty Quarter?

What is the professor’s opinion of a recent study of prairie dogs?

What is the professor's opinion about recent genetic studies relating to whale evolution?

The professor discusses research about the percentage of a chromosome’s DNA that contains genetic information. How did she feel about this research?

What is the professor's attitude toward the results from medical research on snake venom proteins?

What is the professor's attitude toward the study on pigeons and mirror self-recognition?

这些题目同样都是问到了关于Lecture中提及的experiment, research, study…但从题干中的其他关键词：professor’s opinion, professor’s attitude, how did she feel about… 我们还可以总结出，这些关于题目问的教授对于提及的研究的态度，且通常是对于研究结论给出的态度。

所以，这些态度的表达往往出现在老师提及研究，并将研究结论告知学生之后。

例如：

One team of scientists flooded an area of the desert with water, then try to establish how much wind force would be necessary to move the rocks. And get this, you need winds of at least five hundred miles an hour to move just the smallest rocks. And winds that strong have never been recorded. Ever! Not on this planet. So I think it’s safe to say that that issue’s been settled.

The DNA suggests that whales are descendants of the hippopotamus. Yes, the hippopotamus! Well, it came as a bit of a shock. I mean, that a four-legged land and river dweller could be the evolutionary source of a completely aquatic creature up to 25 times its size? Unfortunately, this revelation about the hippopotamus apparently contradicts the fossil record, which suggests that the hippopotamus is only a very distant relative of the whale, not an ancestor. And of course as I mentioned, that whales are descended not from hippos but from that distant wolf-like creatures. So we have contradictory evidence. And more research might just raise more questions and create more controversies. At any rate, we have a choice. We can believe the molecular data, the DNA, or we can believe the skeleton trail, but unfortunately, not both.

Well, not that we know of. There was a study using pigeons, where researchers attempted to reduce MSR to a matter of conditioning, that is, they claimed that the ability to recognize oneself in a mirror could be learned. So these researchers basically trained some pigeons to pass the mirror mark test. But two things are noteworthy here. One, no one’s ever replicated the study. But more importantly, it misses the point. The issue isn’t whether some behavior can be learned. It’s whether a species has developed this ability spontaneously.

常见态度信号词

第一人称：

I think，I believe，I mean，I hope，in my opinion…etc.

we’ll，we can，we are…etc.

转折词：

but，however，on the other hand…etc.

以上为Ted对Lecture中研究、实验相关题目出题思路的浅析，希望能够帮助到同学们。以后在Lecture听到professor讲研究了，记得要把握两个特别重要的信息：1. 研究结论是什么? 2. 研究后面是否出现了professor的态度观点。

托福听力需注意的细节考点就在他们周围

托福听力两个Section下来，总会有种注意力越来越散的感觉。如果能够知道哪些地方预示着考点出没，那就相当赞啦!

1.Conversation：段落开头提到的原因必考：problem/question。

2.段落开头提到的本次主题必考(如Today……)，段落结尾的点评和总结必考。

3.段落中重复两次的地方必考。通常为本节课的要点，师生各重复一次的地方必考，注意在笔记中划双线，重复两次的名词必考，一般重复的名词是选项中的替换词。

4.段落中的强调句型多引出分论点，是考点：

This is the first time…

One thing important is…

The most important thing…

You should remember/notice/bear inmind/keep in mind---conversation引出建议的句型。

5.针对上下文明显的肯定或者否定的回答必考：definitely,absolutely, exactly, it’s a good question, excellent question, 注意听好教授在这些回答之后的解释，一定会对重要内容作同义的重复。

6.段中主论点下有定义加举例的必考(配对表格题);

罗列多个事实处必考(是非型表格题);

说明多个程序、步骤的必考(排序题)，中间的步骤一定注意：then, so, ok, well, replace, the next stage.

7.难点的解释说明必考(核心概念)：小黑板，带字的笔记本，只要出小黑板都会有停顿。

注意引导词：it refers to, that is, that means, which means, This is to say, inother words, in another words, by that he meant, let me make it clear, let memake it simpler, let’s put it this way.

8.段中引用的观点必考，对应都是对分论点的看法：think，argue，believe,一定有小黑板，或者人物肖像。

9.形容词和副词最高级后面的点重要，themost important, biggest, 因为是形容重要特点。

10.一定注意教授跑题的内容，话题的转移、布置作业、一会儿再谈、我打算先谈些什么、谈一下个人的经历……会在语义理解上出题(细节)。

11.教授对学生的警告或指令必考(重听)：Conversation表建议，Lecture中表强调重点。

12.托福听力出题的顺序和文章顺序完全一致，一定注意干扰选项：后面的内容在本题中会作为干扰项出现。

13.一定注意教授的点评，会作为结尾的题目出现(whatdoes the prof think of)。

托福听力分阶段备考规划

托福听力准备阶段

1. 基础词汇和场景词汇的积累

在刚开始备考托福听力的时候，可以先从《大学六级词汇》记忆，然后再去记忆托福红宝书。同时可以建议背诵《词以类记》补充场景词汇。

托福听力备考阶段

2.1听写训练

这个方法适用于时间充足的新手。在听写的材料上一般可以选择老托福，TPO以及SSS。难度是从左往右依次升级的，但在推荐程度上却是从左往右依次降级的。

具体步骤：

step 1. 总体听一遍材料，大概了解一下

step 2. 将文章第一句句子听一遍，写下来，直到把它完全写出来，3~5遍

step 3. 根据自己的文本再听一遍，适当做一定的笔记，掌握整体脉络。

一篇老托福PARTC需要一个小时，TPO全篇听的话需要甚至2个小时。所以建议在听写的时候精选长一些的句子。

2.2精听训练

这个方法是进阶版，适合于大部分文章脉络可以听懂，但是在听长难句的时候依然会有部分句子漏听或者反应不过来

具体的步骤：

Step1.掌握文章大意，记住没有听懂的，听3~5遍

Step2.一句一句的听，不停顿，记住没有听懂的

Step3.以单词为单位的听

Step4.听的时候看文本，然后总结听不出来听不懂的单词，句子，搭配

这个方法短而有效，而且对于听力段子的整体结构，从大意到句子再到单词都有一个比较好的理解。

2.3 结构法

当我们能大致理解文章大意的时候我们就要开始采取结构听力法掌握出题点。教授讲课的内容都有层次的。lecture只需要掌握结构。在听lecture时，首先要学会抓教授在什么地方分点。在 lecture 中，在转折、强调的词和句子处寻找结构划分点。再利用结构笔记，。建议学生每次做完题目，去分析讲座的结构，每一个学科文章的共通性。

2.4 背景知识法

这个方法适合一些学生在备考时候遇到的一个问题：字面意思上明白，学术层面上不理解。这个时候就需要备考者们去补充背景知识。

推荐的材料有：TED，国际地理杂志

2.5加速练习法

这个针对平时基础已近有23分以上的学生。在练习中可以将速度调制1.2，适应语速以后可以开始记笔记，一开始正确率可能会因语速所影响。练习一段时间以后再回到1.0速度，保证正确率要高于加速听的正确率，练习几天以后当正确率慢慢开始提高可提速到1.5来练习。

篇9：托福阅读难点题型解题思路实例讲解

托福阅读难点题型解题思路实例讲解推断题正确解答案例分析

托福阅读因果关系词介绍

托福阅读中的因果关系词其实有两类，一个是表示原因的：as、since、thanks to、as result of、because of、owing to、result from、due to、on account of、by virtue of、in that、attribute to;另一个是表示结果的：as a consequence、thus、hence、so、as a result、result in、contribute to、lead to、cause、breed、trigger.

托福阅读推断题如何用因果关系来解题?

Paragraph 4: So, in another set of experiments, Kramer putidentical food boxes around the cage, with food in only one of the boxes. Theboxes were stationary, and the one containing food was always at the same pointof the compass. However, its position with respect to the surroundings could bechanged by revolving either the inner cage containing the birds or the outerwalls, which served as the background. As long as the birds could see the Sun,no matter how their surroundings were altered, they went directly to thecorrect food box. Whether the box appeared in front of the right wall or theleft wall, they showed no signs of confusion. On overcast days, however, thebirds were disoriented and had trouble locating their food box.

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 4 aboutKramer’s reason for filling one food box and leaving the rest empty?

A He believed the birds would eat food from only one box.

B He wanted to see whether the Sun alone controlled the birds'ability to navigate toward the box with food.

C He thought that if all the boxes contained food, this woulddistract the birds from following their migratory route.

D He needed to test whether the birds preferred having the food atany particular point of the compass.

首先，我们来明确一下推断的定义(infer, imply, indicate)，纵使它是推断题，也不是意味着这题是主观臆断，臆想或是联想得出的。这道题也是要通过提取题干中的关键词到文章中的明确位置，然后文中没有平铺直叙地告诉你答案，需要我们根据一些线索找到答案。

接下来我们来看一下这道题，题干中出现Kramer, filling one food box andleaving the rest empty定位在第四段第一句：with food in only one of the boxes，而解开这道题的重点就在于：reason。我们看到第一句话一开始说到，so, in another set of experiments，很明显，答案并不在这一段，而是上一段的最后。所以答案是B。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：A fertile plowed field...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded by a large variety of weeds, whereas a neighboring construction site from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material may remain virtually free of vegetation for many months or even years despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field.

词汇讲解：

fertile /'f??ta?l/ adj. (指土地)肥沃的, 富饶的;(指动植物)能结果实的, 能生育的;(指人的头脑)主意多的, 有创造力的

plow /plau/ v. 犁<地>，用犁耕<地>

compact /k?m'p?kt/ v. 将(某物)紧压在一起

coarse /k??s/ adj. 粗糙的;(指食物﹑ 酒等)低劣的, 粗劣的;不高雅的，粗俗的;

结构划分：

A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded (by a large variety of weeds), whereas a neighboring construction site (from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material) may remain virtually free of vegetation (for many months or even years) (despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field.)

深度分析：

这个句子的主干部分是：

A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded whereas a neighboring construction site may remain virtually free of vegetation

whereas然而，表示对比，对比两种情况

修饰一：(by a large variety of weeds) ，介词短语

中文：被各种各样的杂草

修饰二：(from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material) ，从句，修饰a neighboring construction site

这个句子理解的难点应该就在这里了，这个从句把a neighboringconstruction site和may remain virtually free ofvegetation分开了，注意断句不要出问题。

中文：这里的土壤被紧压或移除过以至于露出母质层(不要去理解啥是parent material，学术名词)

修饰三：(for many months or even years) ，介词短语

中文：几个月偶然甚至是几年

修饰四：(despite receiving the same inputof seeds as the plowed field.) ，介词短语

中文：尽管得到了和这块翻耕地同样多的种子

参考翻译：

一块肥沃且被翻耕过的土地会被各种各样的杂草迅速入侵，然而一个邻近的建筑工地(这里的土壤被紧压或移除过以至于露出母质层)可能几个月甚至几年都几乎没有植被覆盖，尽管得到了和这块翻耕地同样多的种子。

托福阅读真题原题+题目

It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species' death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be able to adapt. Food resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.

The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species became extinct at the same time — a mass extinction. One of the best-known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago, when approximately 95 percent of all species died, mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affection even organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.

One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. This periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the Earth's orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species' survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of evolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.

1. The word it in line 3 refers to

(A) environment

(B) species

(D) 99 percent

2. The word ultimately in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) exceptionally

(B) dramatically

(D) unfortunately

3. What does the author say in paragraph 1 regarding most species in Earth's history

(A) They have remained basically unchanged from their original forms.

(B) They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.

(D) They are no longer in existence.

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as resulting from rapid ecological

change?

(A) Temperature changes

(B) Availability of food resources

(D) Competition among species

5. The word demise in line 12 is closest in meaning to

(A) change

(B) recovery

(D) death

6. Why is plankton mentioned in line 17?

(A) To demonstrate the interdependence of different species.

(B) To emphasize the importance of food resources in preventing mass extinction.

ocean.

(D) To point out that certain species could never become extinct.

7. According to paragraph 2, evidence from fossils suggests that

(A) Extinction of species has occurred from time to time throughout Earth's history.

(B) Extinctions on Earth have generally been massive

(D) Dinosaurs became extinct much earlier than scientists originally believed.

8. The word finding in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) published information

(B) research method

(D) scientific discovery

9. Which of the following can be inferred about the theory mentioned in Line 21-23?

(A) Many scientists could be expected to disagree with it.

(B) Evidence to support the theory has recently been found.

(D) Most scientists believe the theory to be accurate.

10. In paragraph 3, the author makes which of the following statements about a species' survival?

(A) It reflects the interrelationship of many species.

(B) It may depend on chance events.

(D) It is associated with astronomical conditions.

11. According to the passage , it is believed that the largest extinction of a species occurred

(A) 26 million years ago

(B) 65 million years ago

(D) 250 million years ago

PASSAGE 77 BCDCD AADAB C

托福阅读真题原题+题目

The lack of printing regulations and the unenforceability of British copyright law in the American colonies made it possible for colonial printers occasionally to act as publishers. Although they rarely undertook major publishing project because it was difficult to sell books as cheaply as they could be imported from Europe, printers in Philadelphia did publish work that required only small amounts of capital, paper, and type. Broadsides could be published with minimal financial risk. Consisting of only one sheet of paper and requiring small amounts of type, broadsides involved lower investments of capital than longer works. Furthermore, the broadside format lent itself to subjects of high, if temporary, interest, enabling them to meet with ready sale. If the broadside printer miscalculated, however, and produced a sheet that did not sell, it was not likely to be a major loss, and the printer would know this immediately, There would be no agonizing wait with large amounts of capital tied up, books gathering dust on the shelves, and creditors impatient for payment.

In addition to broadsides, books and pamphlets, consisting mainly of political tracts, catechisms, primers, and chapbooks were relatively inexpensive to print and to buy. Chapbooks were pamphlet-sized books, usually containing popular tales, ballads, poems, short plays, and jokes, small, both in formal and number of pages, they were generally bound simply, in boards (a form of cardboard) or merely stitched in paper wrappers (a sewn antecedent of modern-day paperbacks). Pamphlets and chapbooks did not require fine paper or a great deal of type to produce they could thus be printed in large, cost-effective editions and sold cheaply.

By far, the most appealing publishing investments were to be found in small books that had proven to be steady sellers, providing a reasonably reliable source of income for the publisher. They would not, by nature, be highly topical or political, as such publications would prove of fleeting interest. Almanacs, annual publications that contained information on astronomy and weather patterns arranged according to the days, week, and months of a given year, provided the perfect steady seller because their information pertained to the locale in which they would be used.

1. Which aspect of colonial printing does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Laws governing the printing industry.

(B) Competition among printers

(D) Advances in printing technology

2. According to the passage , why did colonial printers avoid major publishing projects?

(A) Few colonial printers owned printing machinery that was large enough to handle major

projects.

(B) There was inadequate shipping available in the colonies.

(D) Colonial printers did not have the skills necessary to undertake large publishing projects.

3. Broadsides could be published with little risk to colonial printers because they

(A) required a small financial investment and sold quickly

(B) were in great demand in European markets