下面是小编精心整理的高考英语书面表达的命题特点及对教学的启示,本文共9篇,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。
篇1:高考英语书面表达的命题特点及对教学的启示
高考英语书面表达的命题特点及对教学的启示
高考英语书面表达的命题特点及对教学的启示作者/ 王桂红
写是运用语言传递书面信息的手段,是对英语词汇、语言结构和功能、语言技能运用的一种综合运用。《普通高中英语课程标准》(实验)关于写的要求是:“写出语意连贯且结构完整的短文,叙述事情或表达观点和态度;能在写作中做到文体规范,语句通顺。”在安徽省高考卷中,书面表达占很大比重,满分25分。
一、纵观近四年的书面表达题,表现出两个特点
1. 开放性渐强
安徽卷中,要求考生对“有些父母经常翻看孩子日记或书包”这一现象写一篇演讲稿,主要内容应包括:(1)认为同学们不必为此苦恼;(2)希望能够体谅父母的苦衷;(3)建议与父母进行交流和沟通。整篇文章思路已定,学生只能从一些细节上自由发挥,开放性不强。卷中命题者来了个大转变,只限定了话题“Which would you give up,TV,cell,or the Web”,而选择放弃哪一个及陈述理由则需考生自己思考并清晰表达出来,基本属于全开放性作文,与20形成鲜明的对比。和继续沿用了这种思路,20就个人经历展开,“My approach to difficulties in learning”;20的作文是一篇发言稿,要求考生在美国某中学的学生来访时针对高中生对文理科的选择进行交流,介绍自己的选择并说明理由。这两篇也都是开放性作文。开放性大的书面表达能让考生最大限度地展示自己的写作特点,有利于他们发散思维,发挥想象力,抒发情感发表评论,能较真实地考查学生的英语综合运用能力,适度拉开考生之间的成绩档次,有利于高校选拔人才。
2. 贴近学生实际生活,突出人文关怀
新课程突出了“以人为本”的理念,这四年的书面表达更是突显了这一点。无论是文理分科的选择和说明原因,还是学习中遇到困难时的解决方法,再到父母翻看孩子书包“你”的观点及电视、手机、网络“你”愿意放弃哪一个,这些话题都从考生的自身经历、真实生活出发,符合考生的认知水平,是他们熟悉的话题,因而有话可说,有情可述,有理可论,让不同水平的考生都有充足的发挥空间。
二、对高中英语写作教学的启示
《课程标准》中的写作技能教学建议指出:“高中英语写作教学的目的是培养学生表述事实、观点、情感、想象力和交流信息的能力及规范的写作习惯。高中英语写作教学所要培养的'基本技能是:整理思路、组织素材、规划文章结构、列出提纲、起草文章、组织语言、遣词造句、修改文章及正确使用标点符号和字母大小写。”
1. 注重课堂教学,灵活运用教材
课堂是写作教学的起始地,而教材是教学活动中师生使用的主要资源,所以教师在日常教学中要抓住课堂,利用好教材,充分挖掘教材中的语言素材和思想内涵,在听、说、读的每个环节提炼出有用的写作材料。教师尤其要利用好教材中每个单元的写作练习,借助具体的话题,通过介绍写作步骤和操练写作技巧,从日常出发,一步一步培养学生的写作能力。(范文网 )例如20卷中的作文话题“Which would you give up,TV,cell,or the Web”,轻易就能在必修二第三单元的听力练习和谈论“the advantage and disadvantage of different kinds of IT”中找到影子,教材提供了很好的句型及内容,学生再写这个话题肯定是轻车熟路。
2. 坚持写作训练,积累表达技巧
新课标要求高中学生学习和掌握记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文等四种常见文体的写作。为达到这一目的,教师一方面应注重阅读与写作相结合的策略,帮助学生扩大阅读量,让他们有计划、有目的地阅读各类体裁和题材的语言材料,特别是富有时代感、实用性强、体现交际功能的各类文章,通过这种途径为写作积累素材,提供经验;另一方面要在日常教学中培养学生的遣词造句能力并指导学生掌握一定的写作技巧。词汇和句子是一篇文章的骨架,词汇选用恰当丰富会使句子表达生动,而同样的内容如果选用较复杂的句式结构来表达效果也比简单句要好得多。高考书面表达评分标准强调使用语法结构的复杂度和数量,鼓励考生多使用复杂结构,并对由此产生的失误采取包容的态度就是明证。适当的表达技巧就是润滑油,它能使一篇文章更丰满圆润,可读性更强。相对于遣词和造句而言,它也是对学生的更高层次的要求。如在文中使用关联词和过渡句,要注意句子之间的逻辑性和层次性、上下文的条理性和因果关系等。
3. 细心审题,明确写作要求
英语书面表达开放性越来越强,这就要求考生必须细心审题明确写作主题之后再通过自己思考、组成具体想法并用英语表达出来。所以,学生平时就要养成正确的答题习惯,教师要为学生提供充足的思考空间,加强对学生在开放性思维、细心准确捕捉话题这些方面的能力的培养。
总之,书面表达是学生综合运用语言的能力体现,通过一篇文章,教师就可以对学生的英语综合实力一览无遗。所以,在日常教学中,教师不仅要注重帮学生打牢基础知识,还要重视学生在写作实践中情感态度、价值观及思维逻辑的培养。教师只要会用并活用教材,日积月累,就一定能提高学生的书面表达能力。
(安徽省怀远一中)
篇2:试析“3+2”高考物理命题特点及对教学的启示
试析“3+2”高考物理命题特点及对教学的启示
“3+2”高考(以下简称“新高考”)是高中新教材体系实施后的新高考模式.从物理科的命题上看,它与原高考既保持一定的连续性,又有其显著的特点.研究并掌握这些特点,对高中物理教学具有十分重要的指导意义.
一、新高考物理命题的特点
1.从理论上分析,新高考是“会考后的高考,要与会考自然衔接,要向测试考生能力方面倾斜”,因为“知识性考试主要由会考水平考试来完成”.因此“向测试考生能力方面倾斜”是高中“两项改革”赋予新高考命题的一大特点.它的着眼点在于试图走出既有利于高等学校选拔学习潜能大的新生,又有利于指导中学教学的新路子.
2.纵观近几年(即实行新高考后)的高考物理试题,尽管在难度水平控制、能力考查的要求等方面略有差异,但它们都有着基于《考试说明》精神的四个方面的共同特点.
(1)知识覆盖面广,重点突出.以《考试说明》知识内容表的单元计算,试题的单元覆盖率均达95%以上,其目的是考查学生的知识面,同时,试题又注重对重点知识内容的考查,即几乎全部考查了C级知识点,B级知识点的考查率也在80%左右.甚至有些重点知识(主要是中学物理中应用广泛的重要概念和规律),不回避多处反复考查.
(2)对能力的考查具有多方面、多角度、多层次的立体特征.根据新高考“向考查能力倾斜”的原则,近几年的高考试题坚持把能力考查放在首位,试卷中都有相当数量的题目能较好地鉴别考生的能力,这种鉴别力一般不是靠对知识点的高要求,而是靠对能力的要求来实现的.试题十分注重从不同角度、不同层次对《考试说明》提出的五种能力进行全面的考查.这种能力考查的“立体特征”主要体现在两方面:其一是各种能力考查的范围比较广泛,同一试卷中有许多题目从不同角度考查了同一种能力;其二是试题的内涵丰富,能力因素的含量高,同一道题目在不同程度上考查了多种能力.
(3)实验的考查更趋科学化和多样化.针对中学物理教学中实验是一个薄弱环节,许多地方对学生实际动手操作不够重视,新高考对实验的'考查有所加强,主要体现在:①实验题的比例有所增加;②题型已不拘泥于过去的一两个大题,而是将实验内容渗透到选择与填空中去.考查的内容也不局限于学生实验,还要考查演示实验和常用仪器的使用;③实验题的设计趋于科学化,使没有做过实验或没有认真做过实验的考生不能获得满意的成绩;在实验仪器考查中,死记硬背的学生也将无能为力.
(4)常规题改造,旧题有新意.这是新高考物理试题的又一显著特点.试卷中都有相当数量的题目是由常见的优秀陈题或课本内容改造而成的,其中有取自历年来的高考试题,通过重新改编、组合、引申,更新了物理背景或改变了设问方式,使旧题有新意.通过改造后的试题往往都提高了能力层次,它们或是立意新颖,或是情景新颖,或是设问巧妙.从多层次、多角度考查学生的能力.虽然题目并不过深、过难、过隐蔽,但学生能力上的缺陷很容易显露,因而常题改造恰到好处.
二、对高中物理教学的几点启示
1.夯实基础,突出重点.新高考“向考查能力倾斜”,而能力的培养是以扎实的基础知识为根基的.据了解,目前不少学校的物理老师总感到必修课太浅,喜欢把选修课的内容下放到高一、二年级.诚然,各校都有其具体情况,不能一刀切,但是加强基础应当是一致的.笔者认为,选修课的物理常规、常法可以适当渗透到高一、二年级的必修课中,其目的是夯实基础,并不一定要知识“下放”.由于高中分必修和选修两部分,必然出现两者可能重复或衔接不紧的地方,教学中要有明确的知识层次,以使学生知道选修知识“新”在哪里.根据高考命题“覆盖面广,重点突出”的特点,在复习中要注意知识结构的整理,将必修课和选修课知识整合后,要突出重点知识的应用.
2.从培养能力出发,加大新课教学力度,提高复习针对性.从讲新课的终结看,就是让学生获得正确的物理概念、定律等知识.而如何引导学生获得正确的知识,这一过程的教学包含许多基本的物理方法和能力,切不可缩短这方面的时间,过早把力量放在解题和综合上.
在复习中,要引导学生克服学习中的弱点.从实测结果看,学生在高考中暴露出来的弱点主要有:①对题目所描述的物理情景缺乏清晰的想象,而这种想象是进行抽象思维的基础,也是解答绝大部分题目的前提,是非常重要的基本能力;②缺乏从总体上去把握、认识物理概念和规律的能力,对一些相互联系比较紧的概念无法区分,划不清物理概念与日常观念间的界线;③不能掌握用图象表示物理过程中各个物理量间的关系的方法;④遇到新问题时抓不住关键,没掌握解决物理问题的思路和方法.这些弱点无不与能力的欠缺有关,因而解决问题的出路在于切实加强能力的培养!这是新高考“向考查能力倾斜”对教学的有力启示.3.加强实验教学.新高考十分重视对实验能力的考查,但实验一直是教学中的薄弱环节.从实测结果看,学生存在的主要问题是对实验原理没有透彻的理解,对如何进行读数,如何记录整理数据,对误差及其原因都不甚了解,缺乏实验操作经验,碰到有关实际问题就束手无策.我们应当从中得到启示,像重视知识教学和解题训练那样去重视实验的教学与复习.有条件的学校不妨在高考前搞一次开放性实验,让学生再亲自参与,亲自动手,使学生的实验能力得到补偿、巩固和提高.
4.一些值得注意的倾向.一般情况下,在高考前的复习阶段,教师和学生手中都有多种参考资料.据了解,不少学校往往离开课本去片面追求偏、难题,自觉或不自觉地误入题海的歧途.这种不切实际的拔苗助长是当前复习中带倾向性的问题,必须坚决摒弃.我们提倡重视课本,既要重视课本中的基本概念、基本规律的理解和应用,还要重视课本中习题的变通、拓宽与综合.真正落实《考试说明》中的每个知识考点,选择合适的复习资料.
另一方面,还要克服思维定势的消极影响.从实测结果看,高考中取自常规题改造的试题,所设计的干扰因素常使定势思维和套题的解法落入圈套,这与习题教学中的“高水平的内容,低水平的能力训练”是分不开的.因此,在注重常规习题尤其是那些优秀陈题的教学与训练的同时,要善于陈题变新,旧题新作,赋予新意,并注意培养学生见微知著的审题能力,以辨别常题改造上的微小差别,以培养学生在新情景下独立解决问题的能力.
篇3:试析“3+2”高考物理命题特点及对教学的启示
试析“3+2”高考物理命题特点及对教学的启示
“3+2”高考(以下简称“新高考”)是高中新教材体系实施后的新高考模式.从物理科的命题上看,它与原高考既保持一定的连续性,又有其显著的特点.研究并掌握这些特点,对高中物理教学具有十分重要的指导意义.
一、新高考物理命题的特点
1.从理论上分析,新高考是“会考后的高考,要与会考自然衔接,要向测试考生能力方面倾斜”,因为“知识性考试主要由会考水平考试来完成”.因此“向测试考生能力方面倾斜”是高中“两项改革”赋予新高考命题的一大特点.它的着眼点在于试图走出既有利于高等学校选拔学习潜能大的新生,又有利于指导中学教学的新路子.
2.纵观近几年(即实行新高考后)的高考物理试题,尽管在难度水平控制、能力考查的要求等方面略有差异,但它们都有着基于《考试说明》精神的四个方面的共同特点.
(1)知识覆盖面广,重点突出.以《考试说明》知识内容表的单元计算,试题的单元覆盖率均达95%以上,其目的是考查学生的知识面,同时,试题又注重对重点知识内容的考查,即几乎全部考查了C级知识点,B级知识点的考查率也在80%左右.甚至有些重点知识(主要是中学物理中应用广泛的'重要概念和规律),不回避多处反复考查.
(2)对能力的考查具有多方面、多角度、多层次的立体特征.根据新高考“向考查能力倾斜”的原则,近几年的高考试题坚持把能力考查放在首位,试卷中都有相当数量的题目能较好地鉴别考生的能力,这种鉴别力一般不是靠对知识点的高要求,而是靠对能力的要求来实现的.试题十分注重从不同角度、不同层次对《考试说明》提出的五种能力进行全面的考查.这种能力考查的“立体特征”主要体现在两方面:其一是各种能力考查的范围比较广泛,同一试卷中有许多题目从不同角度考查了同一种能力;其二是试题的内涵丰富,能力因素的含量高,同一道题目在不同程度上考查了多种能力.
(3)实验的考查更趋科学化和多样化.针对中学物理教学中实验是一个薄弱环节,许多地方对学生实际动手操作不够重视,新高考对实验的考查有所加强,主要体现在:①实验题的比例有所增加;②题型已不拘泥于过去的一两个大题,而是将实验
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篇4:[高中物理]试析“3+2”高考物理命题特点及对教学的启示
[高中物理]试析“3+2”高考物理命题特点及对教学的启示
“3+2”高考(以下简称“新高考”)是高中新教材体系实施后的新高考模式.从物理科的命题上看,它与原高考既保持一定的连续性,又有其显著的特点.研究并掌握这些特点,对高中物理教学具有十分重要的指导意义.
一、新高考物理命题的特点
1.从理论上分析,新高考是“会考后的高考,要与会考自然衔接,要向测试考生能力方面倾斜”,因为“知识性考试主要由会考水平考试来完成”.因此“向测试考生能力方面倾斜”是高中“两项改革”赋予新高考命题的一大特点.它的着眼点在于试图走出既有利于高等学校选拔学习潜能大的新生,又有利于指导中学教学的新路子.
2.纵观近几年(即实行新高考后)的高考物理试题,尽管在难度水平控制、能力考查的要求等方面略有差异,但它们都有着基于《考试说明》精神的四个方面的.共同特点.
(1)知识覆盖面广,重点突出.以《考试说明》知识内容表的单元计算,试题的单元覆盖率均达95%以上,其目的是考查学生的知识面,同时,试题又注重对重点知识内容的考查,即几乎全部考查了C级知识点,B级知识点的考查率也在80%左右.甚至有些重点知识(主要是中学物理中应用广泛的重要概念和规律),不回避多处反复考查.
(2)对能力的考查具有多方面、多角度、多层次的立体特征.根据新高考“向考查能力倾斜”的原则,近几年的高考试题坚持把能力考查放在首位,试卷中都有相当数量的题目能较好地鉴别考生的能力,这种鉴别力一般不是靠对知识点的高要求,而是靠对能力的要求来实现的.试题十分注重从不同角度、不同层次对《考试说明》提出的五种能力进行全面的考查.这种能力考查的“立体特征”主要体现在两方面:其一是各种能力考查的范围比较广泛,同一试卷中有许多题目从不同角度考查了同一种能力;其二是试题的内涵丰富,能力因素的含量高,同一道题目在不同程度上考查了多种能力.
(3)实验的考查更趋科学化和多样化.针对中学物理教学中实验是一个薄弱环节,许多地方对学生实际动手操作不够重视,新高考对实验的考查有所加强,主要体现在:①实验题的比例有所增加;②题型已不拘泥于过去的一两个大题,而是将实验内容渗透到选择与填空中去.考查的内容也不局限于学生实验,还要考查演示实验和常用仪器的使用;③实验题的设计趋于科学化,使没有做过实验或没有认真做过实验的考生不能获得满意的成绩;在实验仪器考查中,死记硬背的学生也将无能为力.
(4)常规题改造,旧题有新意.这是新高考物理试题的又一显著特点.试卷中都有相当数量的题目是由常见的优秀陈题或课本内容改造而成的,其中有取自历年来的
[1] [2] [3]
篇5:高考英语书面表达经典句型 教学总结
一 用于驳斥和比较的常用句型
In general, I don’t agree with…
In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water.
There is no doubt that…
What is more serious is that…
Besides, we should not neglect that…
The chief reason why…is that…
But the problem is not so simple. Therefore…
We have no reason to believe that…
二 用于描写数据的常用句型
The table shows a three times increase over that of last year.
It was decreased twice than that of the year .
It has increased by three times compared with that of .
There is an increase of 20% in total this year.
The number is five times as much as that of 200.
The total number was lowed by 10%.
Compared with , it fell from 15 to 10 percent.
It would be expected to increase 5 times.
三.解释原因,分析影响的常用句型
1. It can be easily proved that…
2. I am of the opinion that…[来源:Z|xx|k.Com]
3. To take…as an example…
4. No one can deny that…
5. The change in…largely results from the fact that…
6. As everyone knows…
7. It can be expressed as follows:
8. The chief reason is that…
四.有关文章,段落起始的常用句型
1. As the proverbs says…
2. with the rapid growth of our economy/transportation system /heavy industry/modern agriculture/private enterprises/population/market economy/housing industry.
3. With the rapid growing popularity of Internet surfing /computers /cars /mobiles phones /television in China, the quality of our lives is improving for the better.
4. With the rapid development of science and technology /electronic industry /information industry /higher education…an increasing number of people come to know that…
5. The government is /We are seriously concerned with drug abuse /widespread corruption /organized crimes / high unemployment rate…
6. Recently the issue of…has been brought to public attention. /Now people in growing number are coming to realize that…
7. It is quite clear that…because…
8. It goes without saying that…/Generally speaking…/It is often said that…
五.有关文章和段落结尾的常用句型
1. From this point of view, we can see…
2. Without computer /cell phones /cars /telecommunication /Internet, it would be difficult to imagine modern life.
3. In a word /In conclusion /To sum up…
4. Thus, this is the reason why we must…/It is obvious that we must…
5. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on…
6. I want to do /be…not only because…but also because…
7. Let us work hand in hand to do…
8. In short, population explosion /environmental pollution are the major problems to be solved to make our world a better place in which to live.
六.用于论证和说明的常用句型
1. It is described that…
2. It has been illustrated…
3. It provides a good example of …
4. A number of further facts may be added…
5. A recent investigation indicates that…
6. According to a latest study, it can be concluded that…
7. Examples given lead us to conclude that…
8. All the facts suggested that…
9. No one can deny the fact that …
10. According to the latest survey, we can draw a conclusion that…
书面表达中表达情感的句型:
Do you think you’ll like it? If not, I can try and find another flat for you.
As far as I know, everyone is happy about the arrangement of this.
I hope you will come to China to watch Olympic Games . Then I’ll be very happy to be your guide.
I hope you will come and see for yourself (本人)some day.
How I wish we could stay there longer!
I’m sure you’ll enjoy the dinner and have a good time with us.
I hope you can come here for a visit some day.
Do come here for the great fun.
Do you think one and a half hours will be enough?
We all expect you to join us. If you are too
篇6:高考英语:如何应对书面表达多元化
高考英语:如何应对书面表达多元化
分省命题四年来高考英语全国卷和地方卷的书面表达试题已逐渐走向成熟和多元。全国卷书面表达形式一统天下的态势已经淡去,地方卷渐显特色。四年来,高考英语短文写作试题出现了一系列的变化。本文拟就短文写作的词数要求多级化趋势做一个探讨,并针对性地提出应对策略,以便于有效备考和轻松应试。一、文献中的词数要求与表述
的《考试大纲》中关于写作题的词数表述为“要求考生根据所给情景,用英语写一篇100个单词左右的短文”。近年的《考试大纲》就只在题型示例中出现“词数80 -120”的字样了。而的《考试大纲》和《关于“考试大纲”的修订说明》则仍然使用的是:“要求考生根据所给情景,用英语写一篇100个单词左右的短文。”
全日制普通高级中学《英语教学大纲》(试验修订版)的“二级目标”则提出“能根据提示,在30分钟内写80―100个词的短文。”
《英语课程标准》“终结性评价”中在“写作技能与试题设计”提到:“文段长度依写作任务和测试要求可控制在50-200词左右。”本来50-200就是一个区间的提法,不知为何又在后面加上“左右”二字?这可能有两种解释。其一是上限词数可少于200,其二是上限词数可多于200。这个开放性的表述“多”“少”有些不谨严。也许别有深意?
我们感到近年来教育部考试中心年度英语《考试大纲》中短文写作试题的写作词数要求对地方卷渐渐失去了约束力。许多自主命题单位更多的是根据《英语课程标准》的要求对词数要求进行了相对灵活的诠释和运用。
二、各卷种词数要求的多级化趋势
目前,各卷种的词数要求有多级化趋势,如果不算20江苏卷的词数要求的话,分省命题以来共有八种词数级别要求。
1.150词左右(广东卷,07);
2.120-150词(上海卷,山东07);
3.120词左右(湖南卷,江苏卷);
4.词数100-120(浙江卷);
5.100词左右(全国卷等);
6.80-120词(陕西卷,天津卷)等
7.“不少于60词”(北京卷,情景作文)和 “不少于50词”(北京卷,开放作文)
8. “5个句子”(广东卷,基础写作)
三、词数要求的表述方式
词数要求目前主要有三种表述方式。
第一种是主流的“左右”,不说明词数的上下限,但惯例是+20词。目前有三个层级的.“左右”:100,120,150等。
第二种是“区间”,目前有三个词数“区间”:80-120,100-120,120-150,“区间”的表述说了为考生答题提出了明确的上下限。
第三种是“不少于”,只有下限而没有上限,这种要求似乎更高。
另类一点表述是2008江苏的《补充说明》:词数150。与广东卷要求的词数相比有过之而无不及,连“左右”都没有了。
最奇特的表述当推广东卷:“只能使用5个句子表达全部内容”。这是我国高考英语首例不使用词数而使用句数要求的命题单位。
总的来看,分省命题以来,各卷种的词数要求基本上还是在《英语课程标准》要求的区间内做“伸展运动”,尚无真正意义上的突破。
四、应试时的“最宜”词数
在实际的阅卷中,为了便于老师们把握,各阅卷组往往还是执行一个为大家所共同接受的词数限制。按以前的惯例,大家对于低于或高于某一个词数要求的作文一般都有一个扣分的做法,以示薄惩。后来,随着人们认识问题的深化,大家渐渐感到对低于写作词数要求的作文固然应该扣分,但对于高于写作词数要求的作文就不应该扣分,因为写的多说明能写,说明实际英语水平高。
笔者原则认同这个观点,觉得这确是一个比较人性化的、以考生为本的举措。但是笔者同时也坚决反对很多老师据此鼓励考生在考试中大胆多写。愚以为这个想法和做法是愚蠢的,也是危险的。理由有三:
1. 高考是限时性考试,时间对于考生而言永远是有限的,与其在短文写作上花上不必要的精力和时间(多写不可能多分)多写,不如将时间花在研究那些多错易错的完形填空和阅读理解上去,若考生“考”有余力,也可以多揣摩新题型,这可是一个高失分题区。
2. 高考是选拔性考试,是以选拔人才为目的的,但俗话说:“言多必失”。此为至理名言,各位一定要掂量掂量。大不可逞一时之快而因小失大。
3. 高考英语是规范性考试,其所作的词数要求是根据学科标准、测试学标准以及当地教学实际而做出的,是统一于《英语课程标准》的基本要求。考生不应该、不必要、也不宜随意“出超”,否则,得不偿失。
笔者认为考生在实际的应试中,“最宜”写作词数应该是控制在试题要求的区间之内,或者在某个限定词数的正负20词左右。既不伤阅卷教师的“眼”,也不伤阅卷教师的“神”。恰到好处,收缩思想,集中表述即可。
篇7:高考英语书面表达常用语句 教案教学设计(人教版英语高考复习)
记人类
1. Hong Zhanhui, aged 23, a college student, is one of the top ten people who moved China in .
2. He treated well/ took good care of his 11-year-old sister like a father.
3. He is highly praised for what he has done and what he is doing.
4. Poor as he is, he never gives up his studies.
5. Such is Hong Zhanhui, a poor but strong-minded and great person.
叙事类
1. The other day I was playing in the park when I met a foreigner, who was looking very worried.
2. He thanked me for having helped him out of trouble.
3. Seeing the case, I jumped off my bike and helped the driver, whose car was struck in the mud.
4. Through our joint efforts, we managed to do it/made it/succeeded in catching the thief.
5. The badly hurt boy was rushed to the nearest hospital.
6. It so happened that I was passing there.
7. Five minutes later, some firefighters with an ambulance arrived.
8. It was the boy’s bravery and cleverness that saved the people on the train.
日记类
1. It is Sunday today. This morning we had a social activity---visiting a car factory/ a farm/ a theme park.
2. From the activity we have learned a lot.
3. We benefited a lot from the activity.
4. We can realize that science is playing a more and more important part/role in modern agriculture and industry.
5. From it we must enhance our sense of duty to protect wildlife and our Mother Earth.
6. While visiting, we thought a lot.
7. What an unforgettable experience!
8. Never shall I forget the activity!
9. This is the lesson we should learn.
10. Though tired, we felt very happy.
找工作/求职
1. I read your advertisement in yesterday’s newspaper.
2. I think I can be the right/suitable person you want. I want to be a volunteer.
3. I know from it that you have a vacancy for a typist/driver/secretary, etc.
4. I am sure I am suitable for the job.
5. Besides being good at typing, I have fluent/excellent spoken English.
6. I want very much to apply for the job you offer.
7. I am very interested in the job.
8. If I can get the job/can be employed, I will try my best to do it well.
9. I am looking forward to receiving your reply.
写信/邮件/回信
1. I am writing to tell you that we will have a get-together/ party next week.
2. I am writing to ask whether you have made a final decision to study abroad.
3. I am glad to receive your letter/e-mail saying that you are coming here next month. I am glad to know that you have been admitted to your dream university.
4. Remember me to your family. Good luck!
5. Expecting your writing back
图表变化类用语
1. As we can see from the chart, the number of people who use mobile phones is increasing steadily.
2. As can be seen from the table, there have been great changes in the ways of people getting information.
3. Compared to the year before last, it is obvious that the number has fallen sharply.
4. Great changes have taken place since .
5. The number stays nearly the same, indicating that reading remains an important way that people acquire knowledge or find information.
6. More and more people turn to the Internet.
7. Nowadays, people have changed greatly in their eating habits.
8. It is no doubt it is the quickest and most convenient way to do things.
9. Living in the country, people can refresh themselves, breathing the fresh air.
10. By riding bicycles, people can produce, in a certain degree, no pollution to the environment.
11. More people are rich enough to afford such things as traveling.
12. Therefore, we can see it is a natural process with the development of science.
应用类
1. I want to ask two days’ leave because I need to be physically examined.
2. May I have your attention, please, everybody? I have an announcement to make.
3. I am writing to thank you for having given me so much help.
4. When I arrived at your home, you happened to be out, so I left the message.
5. I am writing to make an apology to you for what I have said about you and what I have done to you.
说明类(方向、坐落、指示)
1. My home is not far from here; it is only two blocks (away from here).
2. The bookstore is right on the left side of the street.
3. The museum is on the opposite side of the street.
4. There is a beautiful garden lying in the middle of the square.
5. There will be a strong wind to the north of the Huai River.
6. They live next door to us. They are our next-door neighbors.
7. Ireland is a large island in Europe.
8. Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom while the rest of the island makes up the Republic of Ireland.
9. The Ireland just west of Britain is called Ireland.
10. Between Britain and Ireland, in the Irish Sea, lies the small Isle of Man.
11. The British Isles are surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the North Sea to the east.
12. The largest island is called Britain, which is separated from France by the English Channel, which at one point is only 20 miles wide.
13. A new factory is to be located on this site.
14. The information office is located in the city center.
15. Behind it you will find a white building. That’s the library where you can find the very book.
16. The village is situated in a valley.
17. Where will the school be located?
18. This is a beautiful situation overlooking the valley.
19. That is the right direction of the site.
20. Go/walk straight until you find the traffic lights/reach a crossroads. Turn right, and you will find a bus stop.
讲道理类、观点对比类
21. In recent years, studying abroad has been popular.
22. There are several reasons for it.
23. I don’t think it is good for a child to begin learning a foreign language at a rather early age.
24. We have two main reasons why we are against it.
25. This should be done under others’ guidance/with others’ help.
26. To value time is to value life.
27. One of the reasons is that most of us cannot afford it.
28. It has some advantages as well as disadvantages.
29. Every coin has two sides.
30. As far as we know, it is of great benefit to our health and study.
31. We should arrange it scientifically.
32. Only in this way, can we solve the problem.
33. Recently we have had a heated discussion about whether we should have more time for out-of-class activity.
34. Opinions are divided into two parts.
35. They hold the view/opinion that students should take part in more social practice.
36. 30% of them are against/for the idea (that….)
37. They think it necessary to do so.
38. On the other hand/on the contrary/however, 65% of them insist that computer games be forbidden, even on weekends.
39. In conclusion, most people are in favor of the plan.
40. What is your opinion?
热点话题类
1. It is very important to live in harmony with one another/each other.
2. We must learn to get on well with others.
3. Noise pollution is more serious than before.
4. People should realize the serious situation.
5. The government should take immediate and necessary measures to deal with the problem.
6. In recent years costs in colleges and universities/hospitals tend to increase.
7. Though burdens/loads on farmers’ shoulders are reduced, yet most of them still have financial problem in sending their children to colleges or universities.
8. Costs should be reduced reasonably.
9. Students can have different ways to pay for their schooling.
10. They can win a scholarship through hard work.
11. Also, bank loan is another way.
12. Besides, they can take a suitable part-time job when necessary.
13. What’s more, our government can offer allowance to poor students for their life and study.
14. Planting trees is another effective way to prevent sand and sandstorms.
15. Take action before it is too late/we regret.
16. Something small may cause a big/great disaster.
17. We can learn to be independent.
18. We must do by ourselves what we can do.
19. If everyone had paid enough attention to the problem, we would not have been trapped in such a difficult position.
篇8:高考英语作文题型及对策以及书面表达词组
高考英语作文题型及对策
首先,尤其重要的,最重要的 above all
偶然,无意中 by accident
对(于)…很积极 be active in
合计为 add up to
承让错误 admit one’s mistake
接受某人的建议 take / follow one’s advice
就…提出建议 give advice on
建议某人做某事 advice sb. to do sth.
后天 the day after tomorrow
毕竟;终究 after all
违心 against one’s will
在…岁时 at the age of
实现目标 achieve one’s aim
在空中;悬而未决 in the air
在户外,在露天里 in the open air
在机场 at the airport
火警 the fire alarm
满腔怒火 be filled with anger
因某人之言行而生气 be angry at sth.
生某人的气 be angry with sb.
通知 make an announcement
相继地,按顺序地 one after another
相互,彼此(三者或三者以上之间) one another
相互(指两者之间) each other
没有回答 give no answer
为…而担心 be anxious about
急于做某事 be anxious to do sth.
分开住 live apart
除了 apart from
因某事向某人认错或道歉 make/offer an apology to sb for sth.
与某人争论某事 argue with sb. about sth.
放在一边 lay sth. aside
请某人指点 / 帮助 ask sb. for advice / help
惊讶于… be astonished at sth.
以前,曾经 at one time
注意 pay attention to
对…抱正确的态度 take a correct attitude towards sth.
引起(注意,兴趣等) attract one’s attention
仰卧/仰泳 lie / swim on one’s back
重感冒 a bad cold
两件行李 two pieces of baggage
保持/失去平衡 keep / lose one’s balance
在舞会上 at the ball
洗冷水澡 have / take a cold bath
阵亡 be killed in battle
在海滩 on the beach
整理床铺 make the bed
以…开始 begin with
在…起始,开始 at the beginning of
自始自终 from beginning to end
形成…局面;产生 come into being
安全带 a safety belt
三思而后行。 Second thoughts are best.
尽力,尽最大的努力 do / try one’s best
尽量利用,善用 make the best of
一切顺利,万事如意 all the best
黑体地,粗体地 in bold
出身于农民家庭 be born in a peasant’s family
鞠躬 make a bow
动动脑子 use one’s brains
打破纪录 break the record
深吸一口气 take a deep breath
屏息;憋住气 hold one’s breath
上气不接下气 out of breath
刷牙 brush one’s teeth
突然哭起来 burst into tears
突然一阵大笑 a burst of laughter
要不是 but for
呼救声 a call for help
保持镇静(别慌) keep calm
保持安静(别吵) keep quiet
保持不动(别动) keep still
保持沉默(别说话) keep silent
夏令营 a summer camp
去野营 go camping
情不自禁… cannot help doing
打牌 play cards
照顾,保管 take care of
医疗护理 medical care
假若那样的话 in that case
以防万一 in case
下倾盆大雨 rain cats and dogs
赶上(或超过) catch up with
偶然 by chance
免费 free of charge
主管,在掌管之下 in charge
由…负责 in the charge of
掌管,负责 take charge
高兴起来 cheer up
童年时 in one’s childhood
挑选,选择 make a choice
圣诞节时 at Christmas
去做礼拜 go to church
烟头 cigarette end
为…鼓掌 give sb. a clap
接近get close to
一块桌布 a table cloth
一套衣服 a suit of clothes
童装 children’s clothing
集邮 collect stamps
产生,发生 come about
(偶然)遇见或发现 come across
走过来;长出,发芽,上升;抬头 come up
共同,共有 in common
参加比赛 compete in a contest
举办音乐会 give a concert
条件是 on condition that
祝贺某人 congratulate sb. on sth.
相反地 on the contrary
失控 out of control
与…谈话;交谈 have a conversation with sb.
在…期间/过程中 in / during the course of
被…覆盖 be covered with
因某事和某人发脾气 be cross with sb. at sth.
划掉 cross out
对…残忍 be cruel to sb.
立方米 cubic meter
对…感到好奇 be curious about sth.
对…造成巨大损害 do great damage to
处境危险 in danger
过时 out of date
在不久前,前几天 the other day
对…充耳不闻 be deaf to sth.
对付,应付 deal with
负债 in debt
还清债务 out of debt
做出决定 make a decision
做好事 do good deeds
付诸行动,生效 do the deed
直到深夜 deep into the night
沉思 deep in thought
深夜 deep into the night
毫不耽搁,立刻 without delay
迟迟未做某事 delay doing sth.
发表(演说等) deliver a speech
满足要求 meet the demands
外语系 foreign language department
百货商店 department store
难以形容 beyond description
决心做某事 be determined to do sth.
随着工业的发展 with the development of industry
献身于,致力于 devote oneself to
处于灭亡的危险中 be in danger of dying out
没作用,没影响 make no difference
做…有困难,难以… have difficulty in doing sth.
应邀赴宴 be invited to dinner
向四面八方 in all directions
做出新的发现 make a new discovery
正在讨论中 under discussion
洗盘子 wash dishes
在远方,在远处 in the distance
对…冷淡 be distant toward sb.
对…有益 do good to
做坏事,犯罪 do wrong
挨门挨户 from door to door
隔壁的 next door
下楼 go downstairs
到市区去 go downtown
缓慢前进,拖延 drag one’s feet
催人泪下 draw tears from sb.
渴望做某事 dream of doing sth.
在墙上钻孔 drill a hole in the wall
赶走 drive off
使某人发狂 drive sb. mad
挣钱 earn money
谋生 earn one’s living
究竟 on earth
别着急,别紧张,放松些 take it easy
对…有很大影响 have a great effect on
努力做某事 make efforts to do sth.
鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth.
量入而出;使收支相抵 make ends meet
美满的结局 a happy ending
说英语的国家 English-speaking countries
报名比赛 enter oneself for a contest
剧场的入口 the entrance to the theater
在除夕 on New Year’s Eve
虽然,即使 even if / even though
时事 current events
参加考试 have / take an examination
进行体格检查 carry out a medical examination
考试及格 pass an examination
为…树立榜样 set an example to sb.
做早操 do morning exercises
产生,成立 come into existence
做实验 carry / do / make an experiment
做解释,说明 make an explanation
做鬼脸,装怪相 make a face
事实上 as a matter of fact
未能… fail to do sth.
落后,掉队 fall behind
对…而熟悉 be familiar with sth.
因…而闻名 be famous for
作为…而闻名 be famous as
摸某人的脉 feel one’s pulse
觉得想做… feel like doing sth.
伤害某人的感情 hurt one’s feelings
春节 the Spring Festival
发高烧 have a high fever
科学领域 the field of science
五十多岁时 in one’s fifties
关键人物 a key figure
填写表格 fill in the form
刹那间 in a flash
一场大洪水 a big / great flood
扫地 sweep the floor
在三层 on the third floor
三层楼的建筑 a building of three storeys
正在开花 be in flowers
放(风筝等) fly a kite
糊里糊涂 in a fog
欺骗,愚弄某人 make a fool of sb.
在山脚下 at the foot of the mountain
空军 the air force
靠武力,强行 by force
用很大力气 with great force
对外贸易 foreign trade
养成好习惯 form a good habit
碰碰运气 try one’s fortune
每四个一组(一批);四个四个地 in fours
常客 a frequent visitor
新手 a fresh hand
同…交朋友 make friends with
那时起 from then on
不时地,时常 from time to time
不劳而不获。 No pains, no gains.
做游戏 play games
代沟 generation gap
开始认真(做某事) get down to sth.
陷入麻烦 get into trouble
有音乐天分 have a gift for music
用尽,耗尽,筋疲力尽 give out
朝…看了一眼 take a glance at
向人瞪眼,怒目而视 glare at
(灯,火)熄灭 go out
复习功课 go over the lesson
进了一个球 score a goal
犯语法错误 make mistakes in grammar
懂某人的意思 grasp one’s meaning
勿踏草地 keep off the grass
养成…的习惯 get into the habit of
用手 by hand
分发 hand out
一方面…另一方面… on the one hand…on the other hand
少量的 a handful of
过幸福生活 live a happy life
损害,伤害 do harm to
一个好收成 a good harvest
保持镇静 keep one’s head
身体好 in good health
记住某事 learn / know sth. by heart
紧握某物 keep a tight hold on sth.
握住;抓住 catch / take / get hold of
趾高气扬 hold one’s head high
暑假 the summer holidays
休假 on holiday
为(向)… 表示敬意;为了纪念… in honour of
对某人抱很大希望 have high hope for sb.
怀着…的希望 in the hope of doing sth.
住院 be in hospital
大约一小时 an hour or so
挨饿 go hungry
打猎 go hunting
匆匆忙忙 in a hurry
不知道 have no idea
但愿,要是…就好了 if only
给某人留下好印象 make a good impression on sb.
慢慢前进 inch one’s way forward
患难之交才是真朋友。 A friend in need is a friend indeed.
告诉某人某事 inform sb of sth
坚持要做 insist on doing
视察工厂 inspect a factory
激动人心的演讲 an inspiring speech
急需帮助 in instant need of help
打断谈话 interrupt a conversation
介绍信 a letter of introduction
收到请帖 receive an invitation
邀请信 a letter of invitation
讲笑话 tell a joke
和某人开玩笑 play a joke with sb.
旅行 make a journey
使某人高兴的是 to one’s joy
不可以貌取人。 Don’t judge a man by his looks.
初中 a junior high school
正在那时 just then
与…保持联系 keep in touch with
使…不进入… keep out of
成功的秘诀 the key to success
踢门 kick the door
踢掉鞋子 kick off one’s shoes
跪下 go down / fall on one’s knees
敲门 knock at the door
最迟,至迟 at the latest
迟早 sooner or later
哈哈大笑起来 burst into laughter
违(守)法 break / obey the law
制定一条法律 make a law
摆设餐具(准备吃饭) lay the table
过着简朴的生活 lead a simple life
忽略,遗漏 leave out
听关于…的讲座 attend a lecture on
给某人一个教训 teach sb. a lesson
从…在中吸取教训 take a lesson from
惊讶地叫了一声 let out a cry of surprise
透漏消息 let out the news
大写字母 a capital letter
仰卧 / 俯卧 lie on one’s back / stomach
复活,苏醒过来 come back to life
交通信号灯 traffic lights
列一张购物清单 make a shopping list
谋生,度日 make a living
丧生,死;牺牲 lose one’s life
泄气;灰心 lose heart
失音 lose one’s voice
输一场 lose a game
祝你好运。 Wish you good luck.
洗衣机 a washing machine
欣喜若狂 be mad with joy
邮寄包裹 send the parcel by mail
赚钱 make money
交朋友 make friends
取得进步 make progress
利用 make use of
编造故事 make up a story
弥补某人的过失 make up for one’s mistake
有礼貌 have good manners
商标 a trade mark
满分 full marks
观看一场篮球比赛 watch a basketball match
进行比赛 have a match
祝你成功。 May you success.
五一节 May Day
通过这种方式 by this means
用…方法,依靠 by means of
决不 by no means
按…尺寸做 make…to one’s measure
采取措施 take a measure
量身高 measure one’s height
获得金牌 get a gold medal
医疗队 a medical team
体检 medical examination
吃药 take / have some medicine
满足…的需要 meet the needs of
遇到风暴 meet with a storm
去开会 go to a meeting
开会 have a meeting
举行会议 hold a meeting
为纪念 in memory of
对…一点儿也不怜悯 have no mercy on sb.
毫不容情地;残忍地 without mercy
在…支配下;任由…摆布 at the mercy of
圣诞快乐! Merry Christmas!
给某人捎个信儿 take a message for sb.
中秋节 Mid-autumn Day
上百万的,许许多多的 millions of
改变主意 change one’s mind
当心油漆未干。 Mind the wet paint!
下决心 make up one’s mind
外交部长 the minister of foreign affairs
错过机会 miss an opportunity
犯错误 make a mistake
由疏忽所致 by mistake
现代 in modern times
零钱 small money
某人身上没(带)钱 have no money with sb.
选某人为班长 make sb. monitor
某一天清早 on the early morning
在山顶上 at the top of the mountain
参加海军 join the navy
如果有必要的话 if necessary
需要帮助 in need of help
呈现一片新面貌 take on a new look
打某人的鼻子 hit sb. on the nose
做笔记 make / take notes
与…无关 have nothing to do with
张贴通知 put up a notice
对某人毫不在意 pay no notice to sb.
运转着,实施中 be in operation
订购某物 place an order for sth.
失业了 out of work
一副眼镜 a pair of glasses
颐和园 the Summer Palace
此处禁止停车! No parking here!
在…方面起积极作用 take an active part in
在过去的几天里 in the past few days
对某人有耐心 be patient with sb.
熟能生巧。 Practice makes perfect.
演出,表演 put on performances
亲自,当面 in person
给某人照相 take a photo of sb.
弹钢琴 play the piano
摘花 pick flowers
捡钱包 pick up a wallet
去野餐 go out for a picnic
一堆书 a pile of books
可怜某人(因同情而帮助某人) have / take pity on sb.
出于同情 out of pity
代替 in place of
坐某人的座位,代替某人的职务 take one’s place
举行,发生 take place
代替,代理 take the place of
订计划 make a plan
玩牌 play cards
对某人开一个玩笑 play a joke on sb.
与…一起玩 play with sb.
在操场上 on the playground
对…感到满意 be pleased with
喜欢做某事 take pleasure in doing sth.
生活富裕 live in plenty
正要…的时候 on the point of
对某人有礼貌 be polite to sb.
受某人喜爱 be popular with sb.
占有,拥有 take possession of
发电站 power station
当权,执政 take power
因为某事赞扬某人 praise sb. for sth.
赞扬 in praise of
出席会议 be present at a meeting
眼下 at present
互赠礼物 exchange presents
在压力下 under pressure
防止某人做某事 prevent sb. from doing
以…为代价 at the price of
无论花多少代价(不惜任何代价) at any price
以…为自豪;对…感到得意 take pride in
小学 primary school
入狱,被监禁 go to prison
在狱中服刑 be in prison
将某人送进监狱 throw / put sb. into prison
越狱 escape from prison
解决问题 solve the problem
回答问题 answer the question
遵守诺言 keep one’s promise
答应,许下诺言 make a promise
以…自豪 be proud of
养家糊口 provide food and clothes for one’s family
公共事务 public affairs
舆论 public opinion
当众,公开 in public
出版社 publishing house
故意地 on purpose
把…推到一边 push aside
推倒,(风)刮倒 push over
拖延,推迟 put off
不可能 out of the question
接力赛 a relay race
通过无线电广播 on the radio
衣衫褴褛,穿破衣服 in rags
在火车站 at the railway station
小(大)雨 light / heavy rain
一线希望 a ray of hope
伸手去拿 reach for sth.
够不着 out of ones’ reach
乐意干某事 be ready to do
事实上 in reality
实现希望 realize one’s hope
为此,为此理由 for this reason
接待处 reception desk
参考;谈到 refer to
留在某人的记忆中 remain in one’s memory
提醒某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth.
使某人想起 remind sb. of sth.
应…请求 by request
因此,结果 as a result
盛产;有大量的… be rich in
除掉 get rid of
抢走某人某物 rob sb. of sth.
起重要作用 play an important role
扮演…的角色 play the role of
给…腾出地方 make room for
对某人无礼 be rude to sb.
用完 run out of
高峰时间,拥挤时间 rush hour
满足某人的需要 satisfy one’s needs
节省体力 save one’s strength
也就是说 that is to say
为某事责备某人 scold sb. for sth.
就座,坐下 take one’s seat
不让人知道某事,保密 keep sth. a secret
抓住小偷的衣领 seize a thief by the collar
与某人握手 shake hands with sb.
店员;营业员 shop assistant
领某人出去/进来 show sb. out / in
炫耀 show off
对岸;在…另一面 on the other side of
支持某人(方) take the side of
站在…一边 take sides in
看不见 lose sight of
看到,发现 catch sight out
看不见 out of sight
静静地 in silence
和…类似的 be similar to
单程票 single ticket
量…的大小(尺寸) take the size of
偷偷塞给某人一张纸条
slip a note into one’s hand
在雪地上滑倒 slip on the snow
克服困难 smooth away difficulties
大约 or so
与…有关系 have something to do with
国歌 the national song
大胆地说,清楚并响亮地说 speak out
发言,演讲 make a speech
以…的速度 at a speed of
平方公里 square kilometers
代表,象征 stand for
饿死 starve to death
处于良好状态 in a good state
逐步地,一步一步地 step by step
遵守诺言 stick to one’s word / promise
趴在地上 lie on one’s stomach
四层楼的住宅 a house of four storeys
赶上风暴 be caught in the storm
对…要求严格 be strict with sb. in sth.
擦火柴 strike a match
挣扎着起来 struggle to one’s feet
仔细研究 make a study of
突然,冷不防 all of a sudden
暑假 summer holidays
向某人供应/提供 supply sb. with sth.
使某人惊奇的是 to one’s surprise
擦脸上的汗 sweat off one’s face
坐下吃饭 sit down to table
纳税 pay one’s taxes
沏茶 make tea
用望远镜 through a telescope
讲故事 tell a story
辨别,分清 tell one from the other
量体温 take one’s temperature
数以万计 tens of thousands of
被…吓了一跳 be terrified at
因某事感谢某人 be thankful to sb. for sth.
扔掉 throw away
吐出(食物),呕吐 throw up
立刻,很快 in no time
交通堵塞 traffic jam
跟某人开玩笑,欺骗某人 play a trick on sb.
处于困境(苦恼)中 be in trouble
一条裤子 a pair of trousers
上大学 attend university
拜访某人 pay a visit to sb.
高声地(喊) at the top of one’s voice
在交战 at war
穿旧;使筋疲力尽 wear out
拔草 pull out the weeds
穿着白色衣服 be dressed in white
通盘,作为整体 as a whole
总的来说 on the whole
有志者事竟成。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
乐意做某事 be willing to do sth.
擦掉灰尘 wipe off the dust
创造奇迹 make wonders
不足为奇;难怪 no wonder
插话 get in a word
和某人说句话 have a word with sb.
总之,简言之 in a word
篇9:高考英语书面表达解读 (中学英语教学论文)
____四川省剑阁中学校 景萍
(四川省剑阁中学校英语组 邮编:628300 电话:0839-6624896)
语言是交际的工具。考生能否运用学过的英语知识和掌握的语言技能进行思想交流直接决定其英语水平。NMET书面表达是一种指导性的写作。要求考生根据所给情景,写一篇100字左右的短文。所提供的情景包括写作的目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等,提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲等。此题满分25分。分值在NMET试卷中约占17%的比例。所以同学们必须充分了解该题型的特点,掌握其必要的答题技巧,有的放矢地抓好平时的写作训练,这样才能在高考书面表达中取得较好的得分。
一、题型特点及分析
请看近八年来本题的考试内容:
年份 体裁 题材 提供情景方式 写作内容
1996 应用文 信 表格 作自我介绍
1997 记叙文 报告 6幅图画 介绍我和哥哥骑车违章情况
1998 应用文 日记 6幅图画 介绍到农场参观的情况
1999 应用文 信 2幅图画 介绍“你”校的变化
2000 记叙文 报告 4幅图画 介绍你目击的一起交通事故
2001 应用文 信 表格 介绍中小学生减负的情况
2002 应用文 信 表格 介绍关于公园收不收门票的讨论情况
2003 应用文 信 2幅图画 介绍为英国朋友所租房屋的情况
从上表我们可以将书面表达大致归纳为两种写作类型:(一)、文字性提示/表格提示写作
如:1996年的书面表达题目要求根据表中的文字性提示写一篇自我介绍。这类书面表达,叙述求学过程的句子要用一般过去时;介绍个人爱好的句子应用一般现在时。2001年写信介绍学生减轻学业负担后的课外活动情况,写作时也要将一般现在时和一般过去时相结合。2002年关于公园收不收门票的意见阐述的书面表达是谈论一个道理,这种情况下文体多用一般现在时态。
对于表格提示的写作,特别要注意重新组织所给的材料,不能依据表格逐条地翻译。
(二)看图写画
看图写作比文字性提示写作更能考察学生的思维能力和语言组织能力。大致可分为三种类型:
1、写信。如1999年根据两幅图画介绍学校的巨大变化,运用的时态多是一般现在时态,间或使用一般过去时。2003年为朋友介绍所租房屋的位置和大体结构,文中的时态也以一般现在时为主。
2、写日记。写日记一般是叙述过去的事件,所以句子的时态多是一般过去时,如1998年的记叙到农场的参观活动的书面表达。
3、写一篇短文,记叙一件事的发生过程。如1997年的叙述“我”和哥哥骑车违章;2000年的描绘一起交通事故的过程。写作时多运用一般过去时。
看图作文须注意的问题:
1.仔细观察几幅图画,弄清故事的开头和结尾,理清事件的发展过程。
2.确定好表达要点。要点不仅仅体现在图画中,还体现在所给题目要求的文字中。
二、书面表达中常见错误类型及分析
1.格式错误。
有的考生不能正确地运用书信或日记的格式。A。书信常有五部分:1.信头:右上角写上收信人的地址和写信日期。2.称谓3.正文.4.结束语:常用的有Yours sincerely/Yours truly/Yours faithfully…5.签名:写信人的姓名。B。日记格式:顶格写上:月、日、年和星期,右边写上天气情况。
2.时态运用错误:动词时态的错误是高考英语书面表达中最常见的错误之一,也是考生运用语言的能力差的显著标志之一。如2002关于公园收不收门票的讨论的介绍,陈述讨论的语句通常用一般现在时:Sixty of the students of our school think it is unnecessary to charge an entrance fee. They think that……不少考生表达为Some people thought that……
3.内容表达错误:这种错误一般说来是审题不清所致。如2003年的书面表达,正确内容是:I've found a flat for you. It's a small one of 25 square meters with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. The house is near No 11 bus stop on FangCao Street and the school is at the next stop.有不少考生表达为:“I've found a flat of 25 square kilometers. It's in No.11 FangCao Street.”
4.习惯用语使用错误:如:将 to my surprise 表达为 to my surprised;将in my spare time 表达成 at my spare time;
5.单词运用错误:写作中常见考生因分不清单词的词性而产生错误。大致有:
a.将vi.用成vt.如:come the city/return the place
b.将adj.用成vt.如:Please present on time. Don't absent!
c.将u.n.用成c.n.如:a good news/many informations
d.adj./adv.使用错误.如:in the recently years/study hardly;
e.prep.用成v.如:Many overpasses arounded the city.
The road throughed the city.
f. 名词的单/复数使用不当。如:There are lots of high building.
Most of the people have private car.
g.句子的主谓不一致:如:
A large number of beautiful buildings has been built.
h.常用词拼写错误:如:
beautiful写成beautful/believe写成belive/money写成moneny…
i.在叙事文中通常会运用一般过去时态,所以就出现了动词的过去式,尤其是不规则动词的过去式的拼写错误很普遍的现象。如:visitted/ hurted/ writed/…..
j.不定冠词的使用错误:如:send a e-mail to you(an)/ Even a overpass has been built……(an)/ He graduated from an university.(a)
三.书面表达的解题步骤:
1.仔细阅读试题要求,审好题意,抓全要点;
2.依据要点写出提纲,在演草本上写出阐述要点将运用到的词汇、习惯用语;
3.将提纲拓展成文;
4.做好检查:1)对照题目的要求,看要点是否全面;
2)文体格式、时态、人称是否符号题意要求;
3)词汇搭配是否得当,有无语法错误,单词拼写、字母大小写有无错误;标点符号有无遗漏等等。
四.注意问题:
1.认真审题,明确要求,抓好要点,不遗漏要点。也不随意发挥。有的考上做书面表达时常常是下笔千言离题万里,细节可以有所增减,但要保证文章整体合乎逻辑;先要弄清楚短文的要点是什么,做到胸中有数,勿把次要的内容当成要点。还要考虑该用什么体裁。高考英语书面表达呈控制性,即指导性写作,对体裁、内容、篇幅都有明确的限定。
2避免犯人称、时态上的错误。2003年高考书面表达中不少考生把目前的情况写成过去发生的事,将第一人称的语气表达成第三人称:“Li Hua has found a flat for his English pen friend.”这必然降低得分档次。
3尽量使用地道的英语,勿用汉语式英语。如把“他已达到上学的年龄”表达为:He has reached the age of going to school.这种表达方式就不如He is old enough to go to school.贴切、地道。
4正确使用连词、过渡性习语和句子。如:。Although/if when in spite of(despite)/what’s more/besides/in addition/generally speaking/on the other hand/on the contrary……2003年高考中不少考生一开头便写I have found a flat for you.给人一种唐突之感。应用I'm glad to learn you are coming.之类的书信开头常用的客套话来与称呼弥合,过渡自然。句与句之间若缺少过渡语,则内容不连贯,句子跳动大,文章无条理,给人一种模糊、零乱之感。近八年来,要求用书信形式来表达的作文就有五次,考生应对其类型和常用语引起注意。书信的类型常有感谢、邀请、询问信息、提供信息、道歉、求职等。
常用的套语:①感谢信:Many thanks for your kindness
I don’t know how to express my thanks/gratitude for…
I deeply appreciate it.
②邀请信:I would be happy if you could…
I have the pleasure in inviting you…
I’m looking forward to seeing you as soon as possible.
③讯问信:I would be pleased if you could tell me…
Will you kindly let me know …
Please let me know…
I’ll be grateful if you kindly provide me some information.
④提供信息信:I’m glad to tell you that I have found …for you.
Now I have some information to tell you.
Now I’ll introduce it to you.
And now I’ll tell you something about it.
I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about whether…
⑤道歉信:I’m so sorry that…
I’m writing to apologize for…
Please excuse/pardon me for…
⑥求职信:Through the ad.I know you need a/an…
I would like to have this job.
I would be grateful if you could offer me this opportunity.
Thank you for your consideration.
5注重句子结构及句式的变化。有的考生通篇都是简单句,而且每句的词数都差不多。尽管内容要点都写全了,也无语法、词汇错误,但得分只能进第二档(适当)(11-15分)。句型过于单调的文章看起来僵硬、呆板、无流畅感、美感。所以,在表达正确的前提下应将简单句、并列句、复合句综合运用。并适量地、正确地运用定语从句、非谓语动词、强调句型、倒装句型等。如在表达“五年来这个城市变化很大”时,可以使用一个简单句:Great changes have taken place in the city in the past five years.但我们还可以用较高级的语法来表达:⑴The city is quite different from what it was 5 years ago.
⑵Compared with what it was 5 years ago, the city has changed a lot.
6一定注意字迹清晰、书写规范、卷面整洁。过于潦草的书写会直接影响评卷效果,因为它阻碍了信息的传达。
★高考英语书面表达常用语句 教案教学设计(人教版英语高考复习)
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