今天小编在这给大家整理了雅思听力猜词技巧，本文共6篇，我们一起来看看吧！
篇1：雅思听力猜词技巧
雅思听力猜词技巧
一、利用句子中的关系词猜词
首先，判断该生词是否为解题关键信息点，句中的关系词对于句子结构的分析理解有着极其重要的作用，利用好这些关系词，我们就可以顺利理清听力录音中出现的生词与已知信息的关系，从而顺利推测出生词的意思。我们来看一个例子：
如下录音“The water and the availability of raw materials in the area, like minerals and iron ore…”这是一段关于Riverside Industrial Village所拥有自然资源的介绍，句子结构非常清晰。很多考生在听到”minerals and iron ore”的时候，不禁眉头一皱，根本不知道”minerals and iron ore”这些陌生词汇为何物，从而做题效率以及心情大打折扣。
其实，利用好这个句子中的关系词，”minerals and iron ore”这一串看似陌生的单词的意思是可以很容易地猜出来的。下面我们一起来找一下这个句子中的关系词，其中非常明显的在听录音时也很容易听出来的一个举例关系词便是like这个举例关系词了。这个句子前面出现的一个重要单词raw materials是原材料的意思，根据举例关系，可以猜测出”minerals and iron ore”的意思范围为举例给出的两种原材料，猜测的意思与这两个词的真正意思也相距不远了，从而有利于对整段录音意思的理解以及判断该信息是否为解题关键。
在雅思听力考试中，常见的关系词分为以下几类：并列关系词(and, or, also, as well (as), too, in addition to, besides, both, either…or…, neither…nor…);因果关系词(because, since, as, due to… caused by… given… as a result (of…) ，therefore 、so 、for this reason consequently、thus)、举例关系词(for example, for instance, such as, like, including, to name just a few, to illustrate)、转折对比关系词(but, however, yet, while, whereas, nevertheless, instead, on the other hand, by/in contrast, on the contrary)。希望同学们认真记忆以上关系词，做到听到录音时能迅速反应，从而在遇到陌生词汇的时候能够积极利用句子中的关系词猜测出其意思，化难为简。
二、利用英语常见字母的发音组合规律猜词
相信考过雅思听力或者做过雅思听力真题的同学都会有这样一种感觉，有的填空题完全不知道该填的那个词是什么意思，但是自己却能把那个词的读音重复默念出来。在这种情况下，建议大家一定好好利用自己能把所填单词读音念出来这一点，大胆把这个词猜出来拼写出来。
由于英语隶属于日耳曼语系，跟我们的母语汉语有着天壤之别，很多英语单词都是怎么读就怎么写，是可以根据它的读音直接拼写出来的。比如这道题：Recycling saves energy and reduces emissions from landfill sites and_____________. 这是一道句子填空题，在划出关键词后听音时答案非常好定位，即就在录音里landfill sites and后面念的incineration plants这个名词便是正确答案，incineration这个词属于非常高级生僻的单词，对很多即使水平很好词汇量比较大的同学来说，都是一个陌生的词汇。这个时候，其实我们不必恐慌，因为这个英文单词的发音是非常有规律的，我们只需积极利用常见字母(组合)发音规律猜词，便可以顺利把这个答案词汇拼出来，得到宝贵的一个空的分数。
下面列举一些英语中常见字母(组合)发音规律，在猜词拼写时非常有用，希望大家认真记忆。当然由于文章篇幅有限，不能全部总结在这里，这就需要考生平时在复习这部分内容时多总结多积累，从而突破利用读音猜词这个难点。
/ ee / i: / oo / u: / ou / a /
/ oa /ch / t∫/ sh /∫/
/ ph / f / th / θ / oy / i /
三、结合上下文根据常识猜词
由于雅思听力题目的材料来源于生活和学术，是非常符合逻辑性和常识性的，因此结合上下文根据常识猜测生词的意思也不失为一种好方法。
相信做过“剑8”的同学肯定对一篇主题叫做Honey Bees in Australia的选择题印象很深刻吧，很多学生都觉得这篇听力非常难。难的原因就是题目及录音中出现了很多很陌生的生词。比如说有这样一道题, 录音中的解题关键录音是这样念的：“they are infested with mites”, 这句话中的 infest 和mite 都是生词，很多学生感到一片茫然，但其实有耐心地听下去，会听到后面有这样的一段解释性的描述 “microscopic creatures which live on them”, 这段解释性的描述显然要简单很多，我们可以将它直接与22题B选项中的carry parasites 相对应，从而选出正确的答案。因此，结合上下文根据逻辑常识猜词，也不失为一种猜词的好方法。
四、积极利用已知的基本单词猜词
在雅思听力的题干或录音中，遇到看不懂或者听不懂的陌生词汇是再所难免的。有的同学一看到或者听到这种词就开始心慌意乱了，觉得理解不了。殊不知，有的看似非常陌生非常恐怖的长单词，就是我们平时烂熟于心的那些简单场景单词的变体。比如说，“analytically”一词，很多同学一看就觉得懵了。但是，如果我们静下心来分析一下，积极利用已知的基本单词猜词，从结尾“ly”中可以推测该词为副词词性，前半部分“analy”和“analysis/analyze”十分接近，因此可以猜测大概意思为“分析地”。同理，“methodology”这个很长的词，如果我们积极利用已知的基本单词猜词，会发现这个词就是我们再熟悉不过的method这个词的变体，也是与“方法”相近的意思。于是通过积极猜词，我们也把这些看似及其陌生复杂的单词化敌为友了。
雅思听力小范围预测：Section One
Section One
场次V05104
场景咨询
题型填空 10
内容概述妇女新手咨询Scuba diving 课程
1. 一女的要报游泳班
男的劝她先上level of the beginning basic - or for beginners.
2. the month on July
3. on a Saturday
4. Initially, they will have indoor training.
5. 等学员学完课程，they will diving in a lake at a mountain.
6. Equipment : only need to buy diving mask.(学员什么都不用买，学校准备好了，
不过那个女人觉得用自己 的 mask)
雅思听力小范围预测：Section Two
Section Two
场次1107A 0821
场景地点介绍
题型地图 5 填空 5
内容概述总统山介绍
地图 5
1.花费：1 million 2.目的：develop tourism 3.朝向：southeast 4.命名：lawyer 命名的 5.用时：7
years
配对 5
6. Information center: photography
7. refreshment
8. souvenir
9.
workshop
visitor centre
雅思听力小范围预测：Section Three
Section Three
场次1013 0606 1010
题型填空 4 多选 6
内容概述两个学生讨论关于选修课程的事，会计和日语，一个 accounting course， 一个是 Japanese
多选 5
1-3. 女孩选择这门课程的原因是： important for the future job optional for the degree
visit off the campus
4-5. the des cription about the course: broad focus challenging content
填空 5
6. Lectures
7. Enjoy learning vocabulary
8. But it is difficult of grammar and
9. Writing
10. The teacher sometime ...that is strict/unapproachable
雅思听力大范围预测：Section One
Section 1
场景：给老婆举办升迁派对的筹备
题型：填空
参考答案：
1. 人数：80
2. date and day: Friday, 26 September
3. 要的房型：king room
4. prefered taste of cake: lemon
5. 蛋糕上写：congratulations
6. 餐食方式：table
7. 背景音乐：jazz
8. Master Card digital no.: 54412008887
9. name in the card: middle name Sebastian
10. extra fee for: service
Section 1
场景：航空公司的投诉：kiwi air ticket complaint
题型：填空
参考答案：
1. name: Quigley
2. ordered 4 return tickets
3. departure time: 11:45
4. two problems of the…
- miscalculated the children’s rate as an adult
- just flip put a box of error
5. one adult can bring 2 kids at most allowed
6. free ticket for kid whose age: under 12 years old
7. children have less food
8. what if the huge family and school group will do 暂缺
9. letter will be sent to the manager
10. reference number: JBK8422
Section 1
场景：车库物品售卖：garage sale
题型：填空
参考答案：
1. date must be a holiday
2. go to information-desk for a permit
3. arrangement should be casual
4. look at a list of dangerous items
5. pay attention to glass objects
6. put advertisement in neighborhood store
7. keep them simple to read
8. people always want a bargain
9. in every corner near the house
10. after, unsold items-donate to a charity
Section 1
场景：房车租用旅行：car hire service
题型：填空
参考答案：
1. deposit ￡460
2. No charge for an extra driver
3. is ok with an international driving license
4. only have manual gear
5. customers’ pets are allowed
6. kitchen facilities including a fridge
7. a television added
8. provide a bicycle rack
9. you can hire a generator
10. station to get your van: Grateley
Section 1
场景：房子租赁：Rental property application form
题型：填空
参考答案：
1. phone number: 614381197
2. email address: Susansmith@post.com
3. occupation: a chemist
4. a house with a garden
5. an apartment with a big balcony
6. furnishings: a fridge is required
7. maximum rent: $400 per week
8. location: near the beach
9. other requirements: must have parking nearby
10. electricity included in the rent
Section 1
场景：澳洲旅游：A woman consults visiting somewhere of holiday
题型：填空+单选+多选
参考答案：
1-4)Information filling
1. surname: Thore (有可能是Thorn)
2. length: 5 days
3. station near: Gold (en) coast
4. accommodation: apartment (first there is apartment, then motel)
5-7)choose a correct letter A, B or C
5. the near view photo taken of the:
A. Kangaroo
B. Crocodile
C. Koala
6. where does the boy like to go in amusement park:
A. water park
B. dream park
7. The room is near: shopping center
8-10)multiple choice
facilities needed:
8. playroom
9. laundry
10. cleaning aid kit
Section 1
场景：澳洲旅游：A woman consults visiting somewhere of holiday
题型：填空
参考答案：
1-10)Completions: one word only
1. Address No. 14, Ocean Drive
Hotel room with
-good view and 2. there is a balcony for each room
3. gym facilities for adults only
4. room price: $ 155
5. exercise path nearby
6. ferry goes to the islands
7. alarm for fire
8. dinner dish must have: meat, benefit included the price for Delux room.
9. free unlimited usage for internet
contact ways:
10. telephone: work number 52431
篇2：雅思听力猜词的技巧
听不懂单词?来看雅思听力猜词的技巧
一、利用句子中的关系词猜词
句子中的关系词，对于句子结构的分析理解有着极其重要的作用。利用好句子中的这些关系词，我们可以顺利理清听力录音中出现的生词与已知信息(即考生能听懂的听力信息)的关系，从而顺利猜出陌生词汇的意思，判断出该陌生词汇是否为解题关键信息点，同时也有利于增强对整篇录音文本意思的理解。下面笔者将结合剑桥雅思4 Test 1中的题目进行讲解说明。
烤鸭们在做剑桥雅思4 Test 1的第11题时，会听到以下对应的录音：
“The water and the availability of rawmaterials in the area, like minerals and iron ore…”
这是一段关于Riverside IndustrialVillage所拥有自然资源的介绍，句子结构非常清晰。很多考生在听到”minerals and ironore”的时候，不禁眉头一皱，因为根本不知道”minerals and iron ore”是为何物，从而做题效率以及心情大打折扣。
其实，利用好这个句子中的关系词，”minerals and ironore”这一串看似陌生的单词的意思是可以很容易地猜出来的。下面我们一起来找一下这个句子中的关系词，其中非常明显的在听录音时也很容易听出来的一个举例关系词便是like这个举例关系词了。这个句子前面出现的一个重要单词rawmaterials是原材料的意思，根据举例关系，可以猜测出”minerals and ironore”的意思范围为举例给出的两种原材料，猜测的意思与这两个词的真正意思也相距不远了，从而有利于对整段录音意思的理解以及判断该信息是否为解题关键。
在雅思听力考试中，常见的关系词分为以下几类：
并列关系词：and,or,also,as well (as),too,in additionto, besides,both,either…or…neither…nor…
因果关系词：because,since,as,due to…...caused by…...given...…as a result(of......),therefore,so,for this,reasonconsequently,thus
举例关系词：for example,for instance,such as,like,including,to name just a few,to illustrate
转折对比关系词：but,however,yet,while,whereas,nevertheless,instead,on the other hand,by/in contrast,on the contrary.
二、利用英语常见字母(组合)的发音规律猜词
相信考过雅思听力或者做过雅思听力真题的同学都会有这样一种感觉，有的填空题完全不知道该填的那个词是什么意思，但是自己却能把那个词的读音重复默念出来。在这种情况下，建议大家一定好好利用自己能把所填单词读音念出来这一点，大胆把这个词猜出来拼写出来。如剑五Test 3Section 4中的第32题是这样的：
Recycling saves energy and reduces emissions from landfillsites and_____________.
这是一道句子填空题，在划出关键词后听音时答案非常好定位，即就在录音里landfill sitesand后面念的incinerationplants这个名词便是正确答案，incineration这个词属于非常高级生僻的单词，对很多即使水平很好词汇量比较大的同学来说，都是一个陌生的词汇。这个时候，其实我们不必恐慌，因为这个英文单词的发音是非常有规律的，我们只需积极利用常见字母(组合)发音规律猜词，便可以顺利把这个答案词汇拼出来，得到宝贵的一个空的分数。
四、积极利用已知的基本单词猜词
在雅思听力的题干或录音中，遇到看不懂或者听不懂的陌生词汇是再所难免的。有的同学一看到或者听到这种词就开始心慌意乱了，觉得理解不了。殊不知，有的看似非常陌生非常恐怖的长单词，就是我们平时烂熟于心的那些简单场景单词的变体。比如说，剑4Test 3 Section3中出现了analytically一词，很多同学一看就觉得懵了。但是，如果我们静下心来分析一下，积极利用已知的基本单词猜词，从结尾“ly”中可以推测该词为副词词性，前半部分的“analy”和“analysis/analyze”十分接近，因此可以猜测大概意思为“分析地”。同理在剑4Test 1 Section 3的录音中出现了methodology这个很长的词，如果我们积极利用已知的基本单词猜词，会发现这个词就是我们再熟悉不过的method这个词的变体，也是与“方法”相近的意思。于是通过积极猜词，我们也把这些看似及其陌生复杂的单词化敌为友了。
雅思听力场景词汇之课程盘点
课程
mathematic,
literature,
history,
psychology,
physics,
philosophy,
anthropology
Arts(Humanities/ Social)
Science/ Science
level of courses：elementary, primary, intermediate, secondary, advanced),
雅思听力场景词汇之课程词汇的计算机相关词汇
lab rules
printer
copier
fax machine
moderm
Macintosh
network, access to the net
雅思听力场景词汇之课程词汇的图书馆相关词汇
due, overdue and pay a fine, renew,
information desk stacks(书库) open/ closed shelves,
library card
call slip(索书单)catalogue(under titles/ authors/ subjects),
periodical(magazines and journals), reference books, current/ back issues,
librarian and reader
雅思听力考试中的直接比较总结
在这里，我们把雅思里的比较分为三类：直接比较，即题目中包含有比较级和最高级的表达方式的题目;间接比较，即题目中并没有直接的比较级和最高级，但是 有诸如 major，majority，main，mainly等可能会用比较来进行阐述的词汇的题目;隐含比较，即题干中未包含比较关系词，但是选项内包含比较 的题目。
例1 剑7 Test 2 Q 34
A German study showed there was greater ‘mixed handedness’ in musicians who
A started playing instruments in early youth
B play a string instrument such as the violin
C practice a great deal on their instrument
思路透析：题 干中包括greater这个明显的比较级，提醒考生们注意的是，在实际的听力中，比较级的用词可以发生同义转换，但是这种比较关系的表达一定在听力文本中 是存在的，所以要特别关注在听力内容中比较的表达方式，答案就在其中。这与填空题是一致的，在填空题中如若发现比较表达方式，那我们可以把它当特殊关键词 来对待，耐心等待听力素材中的比较表达后即可得到答案。 实际做题：在实际做题中，当听到Germany study 时确定做题位置。
原文：keyboard players had high levels of mixed handedness， whereas string players like violinists strongly favored one hand. Also those who started younger were more mixed handed.
解题：从原文中我们不难看出，小提琴演奏者的用手习惯比较倾向于某一侧。所以排除B.紧接着出现的整句话里出现了两处比较级，more mixed handed 与greater mixed handedness 形成同义转换，younger 与选项A中的early youth 对应，所以正确答案为A.
例2 剑7 Test 1 Q 12
The company has most camping sites in
A France
B Italy
C Switzerland
思路透析：题干中包含有most sites 这个最高级的表达方式，故做好准备去听比较关系同义转换即可得到答案。
实际做题：当听到300 sites 以及Italy 等信息后可以定位做题位置
原文：In Italy we now have some 64 sites that we either own， or have exclusive use of . France is where we have the majority of sites， and we currently have a project to expand into Switzerland.
解题：不难发现majority 和most 之间存在同义转换，故答案为A.
例3 剑2 Test 3 Q 31
The driest continent is
A Australia
B Africa
C Antarctica
思路透析：题干中有driest 这个最高级，要高度注意比较关系的同义转换。
实际做题：听到Australia 后确定做题位置。
原文： As I have said， Australia is a dry continent， second only to Antarctica in its lack of rainfall.
解题：不难发现答案是C，但值得我们注意的是，second only to 是一种特殊的比较表达方式。
总体来说，第一类直接比较的题目是最容易解答的，只要听准同样的比较表达方式即可;第二类间接比较的题目难度也不大，关键在于掌握 major，majority，main，mainly等提示词并注意它们之间互相同意转换即可;第三类隐含比较是比较难的，因为题干里虽然无比较，但是 选项里有比较的特点，而且实际听力中又容易出现否定词搭配比较表达出现的形式，使学生的反映时间和速度受到极大的影响，大大降低了解题正确率。
篇3：托福听力猜词技巧
托福听力猜词技巧 听力中遇到生词怎么办?
在新托福听力中，从语音入手猜词时大家首先要注意，不要一碰到听不懂的地方就去看书中的听写记录或问别人，否则来得容易走得也快(即所谓Easy come easy go)，不会在自己的脑子里生根，这是大家在提高托福听力时候的大忌。
托福听力想要凭借语音就能准确的猜词需要大家反复听录音，直到能模仿出播讲人的发音为止。搞清楚听不懂的地方有几个词，每一个词有几个音节组成，然后根据语音知识试拼出一个词后去查词典，查不着再试拼一个再查。
例如听到一个[l：]的音，它可能是li……可能是le…···、可能是lee……、可能是1ea……、可能是lie……、可能是ley……、可能是lae……等等。这个过程比阅读时有了生词不知道怎么念去查音标要困难多了。
托福 听力试拼单词时要特别注意相近的发音，例如t.d之间;p.b.f、v、gh.ph之间;i、r之间;tion、sion、cian之间等。
要注意不发音的辅音，例如听到一个发音为[rainou]的字后，试拼出rino去查，词典里没有。根据山连在一起时h不发音的规律，试拼出rhino就对了，作“犀牛”解。
要注意元音的特殊发音，例如geyser(间歇喷泉)一词中的叮发“d”的音，amoeba(变形虫，阿米巴)一词中的0e发[i：]的 j上、曰。
托福听力猜词技巧需要根据读音去猜测，具体的技巧可以参考上文。猜词技巧需要在平时多加练习，建议大家在听托福听力遇到生词时多尝试根据读音来猜测，提升自己的猜词能力。
如何搞定托福听力考试
第一，在实际的听力考试中，每段材料只读一遍，而且在有些题目中，考生只有在材料播放完之后才能看到题目，这就需要在听音的同时，及时地做好笔记，在理解的基础上，记录下材料中的重点及可能会考查到的细节内容，此外，在记笔记的过程中，要做到条理清晰、书写尽量工整、提倡使用一些自己惯用的缩写和图形来表达，提高记笔记的效率，并能够为答题时候高效准确地提取信息打下良好的基础。最后，在能够看到题目后，可以根据之前记录下的笔记内容来辅助答题，当然，如果对听力材料的内容理解不是特别充分，或者对可能考查的重点及细节把握不够，都会造成听完材料之后却对题目不知如何着手，这就要求我们在听材料的过程中，除去对材料本身的理解把握及记录之外，还应该注意对话中谈话双方对所谈论内容的观点及态度，从而从整体上感知材料，形成对材料的整体的全面的把握。
第二，在听写类型的题目中，可以听一句写一句，听力基础能力较好的同学可以听和写同时并行，在记录下已听懂内容的同时，注意力还应该主要集中在对正在播放的录音的把握上，这一过程中，就需要备考者应该能有足够的语言功底，能够潜意识地将听出来的内容拼写出来，从而为听懂正在播放内容的过程提供更多的思维空间。此外，在这一部分中，备考者还需要使手耳处于高度的紧张状态，并能够做到双方并行不悖、双管齐下。
第三，在进行完练习之后，应该要能够以一种积极客观的心态面对答题情况，核对答案，并用红笔进行改正，找出自己的弱点，有针对性地做反复练习，以实现真正的提高。
第四，在经历以上步骤之后，备考者可以对听力材料及听力原题目进行精读，标注好生单词的发音及语义，并对可能考查到的重点及细节内容进行推测，并熟悉听力考试中的规律及模式，从而对以后的听音过程提供更多的应对策略。此外，备考者还可以进行跟读模仿，使自己的语音、语调、语速尽量与听力原材料接近，从而更好地理解听力内容，也会对之后的听音过程大有裨益。
托福听力是否需要练听写
当我们讨论听写这个问题的时候，其实也应该就人群本身进行一个分类，并不是所有人都需要听写的。这里面很多人采取的是一种感觉，感觉自己是否需要听写。但是我们很遗憾的看到感觉是靠不住的，很多人可以把美剧看懂但是在托福考试面前输得莫名其妙，有的人自认为听力水平不好，但是莫名其妙的出现了25分的成绩。因此我们就会看到很多人要么高呼托福听力很难，要么狂扁托福听力，声称很简单。之所以产生这种差异化的现象，就是因为人们大多数没有对于自己在人群中的能力进行一个很好的评价。
其实我们在准备托福考试之前，就应该首先用“半套真题”(不知道什么是半套真题，请在搜引擎里输入“托福 半套真题”，搜索一下)测试一下自身的水平，然后再进行专项的练习。
当然这不是我们今天所要讨论的主题，我们今天所要讨论的主题是，到底哪些人特别需要托福听写的训练。
首先对于我们绝大多数仅能勉强过四级的大学生来说，听写很显然是一个必要的训练。然后对于我们现在很多致力于出国深造的大多数高中生，以及几乎所有初中生来说听写的训练是必须的。这些群体都是我们可以很容易的就想到的。
但是实际上，还有很多其他的群体，是我们也同时需要关注的，首先就是短期的在英语环境下工作以及学习的人群，注意这里面所指的短期指的不是一周或者一个月，这里的短期指的是一年，甚至是两年的时间，对于这些群体来说，自身往往是会有一个幻觉的，就是我已经可以顺利适应这个英语的环境，因此托福考试对我来说也应该是小菜一碟，这完全是一个幻觉，因为托福考试与我们日常生活的难度是不一致的，可以说托福考试的听力部分，是高于我们现在的生活的难度的，而且我们日常生活之中，只要是听懂大意即可，但是在托福考试之中主要考察的就是细节，这也就是为什么很多人的听力水平完全可以应付海外的生活，但是在托福考试里面仍然在15分左右徘徊的原因。这里面包括海外留学生，在外企工作的白领，外贸公司的职员，国内IB高中或者AP高中的学生。
再有一部分群体，就是美剧fans。这些人往往与前面一群人一样，由于平时看美剧有大量的积累，但是在看美剧的时候要么只看中文字幕，要么就是不看字幕，这两种看美剧的习惯，其实对我们的英语学习可以说是帮助不大的。因此无老师很早就专门写过《如何用美剧必杀托福考试》就是有这方面的考虑。现在国内的美剧fans超多，怎么能充分利用我们对于美剧的热情来提高我们的英语水平，是我们该思考的，因为我们既然已经把时间花在这个上面，在给我们带来愉悦的同时，为什么不同时提高我们的英语水平呢。这个群体当然针对的就是我们国内众多的美剧fans而言的。
其实如果想迅速的，了解自己的英语水平，最好的方式还是用“半套真题”为好。
并且诚实的回答自己这样几个问题。
1 正确率是多少
2 到底有多少没听懂
3 有多少单词根本不认识
4 有多少单词认识但是听不出来
5 有多少内容认为自己理解了，但是实际上理解错了。
6 有多少内容听懂了，但是题做错了。
当这几个问题回答清楚之后，你其实就应该知道自己是否需要听写了。
篇4：托福听力猜词技巧
托福听力猜词技巧听力中遇到生词怎么办
在新托福听力中，从语音入手猜词时大家首先要注意，不要一碰到听不懂的地方就去看书中的听写记录或问别人，否则来得容易走得也快(即所谓Easy come easy go)，不会在自己的脑子里生根，这是大家在提高托福听力时候的大忌。
托福听力想要凭借语音就能准确的猜词需要大家反复听录音，直到能模仿出播讲人的发音为止。搞清楚听不懂的地方有几个词，每一个词有几个音节组成，然后根据语音知识试拼出一个词后去查词典，查不着再试拼一个再查。
例如听到一个[l：]的音，它可能是li……可能是le…···、可能是lee……、可能是1ea……、可能是lie……、可能是ley……、可能是lae……等等。这个过程比阅读时有了生词不知道怎么念去查音标要困难多了。
托福 听力试拼单词时要特别注意相近的发音，例如t.d之间;p.b.f、v、gh.ph之间;i、r之间;tion、sion、cian之间等。
要注意不发音的辅音，例如听到一个发音为[rainou]的字后，试拼出rino去查，词典里没有。根据山连在一起时h不发音的规律，试拼出rhino就对了，作“犀牛”解。
要注意元音的特殊发音，例如geyser(间歇喷泉)一词中的叮发“d”的音，amoeba(变形虫，阿米巴)一词中的0e发[i：]的 j上、曰。
托福听力猜词技巧需要根据读音去猜测，具体的技巧可以参考上文。猜词技巧需要在平时多加练习，建议大家在听托福听力遇到生词时多尝试根据读音来猜测，提升自己的猜词能力。
托福听力练习对照文本
That's an interesting question, Tom.
那是个很有意思的问题，汤姆。
Women did participate in the early days of motion-picture making.
女性的确参加了早期的电影制作。
One of the most outstanding is Lois Weber.
其中最突出的一个是Lois Weber。
She is credited as the first consistently successful woman film director.
她被赞颂为第一个始终成功的女性电影导演。
In the early 1900's, when she first arrived in Hollywood, Ms. Weber made a series of experimental sound films.
在二十世纪早期，当它第一次到达好莱坞时，Weber女士制作了一个实验性的有声电影系列。
Now this was almost 20 years before modern “talking pictures” were developed.
这个几乎领先了当代“有声电影”的发展。
The dialogue for her movies was recorded on phonograph records and then synchronized with the action on the movie screen, very innovative for that time.
她的电影的对话被录在唱片上，然后与电影屏幕上的表演同步，对于那个时代来说非常有创新性。
In addition, Weber felt that movies should be educational as well as entertaining.
另外，Weber感觉电影应该教育性和娱乐性并重。
She made several highly controversial movies that dealt with the moral and social issues of her day.
她制作了几个非常有争议的电影，涉及了她那个时代的道德和社会问题。
And some of her most controversial work addressed issues of particular interest to women.
并且几个她最具争议的作品讨论了对女性特别感兴趣的问题。
Unfortunately, Weber died in 1939, just as Hollywood was beginning to make films aimed primarily at female audiences, which brings me to my next point.
不幸地是，Weber死于1939年，正当好莱坞开始主要瞄准女性观众制作电影。
托福听力练习对照文本
Yesterday we talked about the anecdote.
昨天我们谈论过了奇闻轶事。
Today we're going to move on to one of the most popular literary forms in Western literature—the short story.
今天我们将转移到西方文学最重要的文学形式之一——短篇故事(叙事散文)
A short story is a piece of prose fiction, usually under 10,000 words.
叙事散文是一篇散文化小说，通常低于10000字。
Although it's similar to the anecdote, it's really a separate literary form.
虽然它相似于轶事趣闻，它事实上是一种单独的文学形式。
You'll remember that the anecdote's sole purpose is to entertain, and that it does this by relating a curious or interesting event.
你将记住轶事趣闻的唯一目的是娱乐，并且它通过关联好奇的或有趣的事件来做到这一点。
Well, there are also events in short stories, but the short story uses the event as something a character reacts to.
好，在叙事散文里也有事件，但是叙事散文把事件用作角色作出反应的某事物。
The reader's interest is captured by the effect that this event has on the character in the story.
读者的兴趣被抓住是由于这个事件在故事中对角色的影响。
We're even likely to reread a short story to better understand the character who is being portrayed and why a certain event led to a certain response or action.
我们甚至喜欢重读一个叙事散文以更好地了解被描述的角色以及为什么某一个事件导致了某一种反应或行动。
A short story, though, is not just a short novel. A novel is narrative.
一个叙事散文，然而，并不仅仅是一个短篇小说。小说是叙事体的。
It tells a detailed story that usually takes place over a long period of time.
它讲述一个通常发生在一段很长时间的详细的故事。
A short story is less comprehensive than a novel, and the focus is on a character's mental reaction to an experience.
叙事散文是不如小说全面的，并且焦点是在角色对一种经历的心理反应。
This reaction is the heart of the short story.
这种反应是叙事散文的核心。
Now I want you to think back to the short story you read for homework and I'll give you a list of questions to think about.
现在我要你们回想一下你们作为作业阅读的叙事散文，而且我将给你们一个问题列表去思考。
听力技巧
篇5：雅思阅读猜词的技巧
雅思阅读猜词的技巧
呃…确切地说，是推断单词含义，文化人怎么说“猜”!
雅思官方明确说明了雅思考试不考察“记忆力”而是考察“语言的驾驭能力”，也就是说，光靠“背”是不可以滴(所以口语写作的模板被考官发现后会扣分很重哦)!
那么阅读考试中，何为“语言驾驭能力的考察”呢?其实就是看看你能否在陌生语境下联系上下文来理解文字的含义。在学术英语中，有很多小的tricks可以帮助到我们，下面我们具体来看看吧。
1.利用词根词缀
相信很多同学是了解这个方法的，因为“词根词缀记忆单词”这个东东已经被人们鼓吹了很多年了，从老师还是个稚嫩少年的时候就已经听说过这个方法了(那个时候菊花还只是一种花)。实际上，词根词缀法是一个很好地在阅读中猜词的方法。同学们在备考阅读的时候需要掌握一些常见的词缀用以猜词意或判断方向性。我们来看下面的例子(第24题)：
题目：
23 Home medical aids
24 Regular amounts of exercise
25 Feelings of control over life
26 Feelings of loneliness
A may cause heart disease.
B can be helped by hormone treatment.
C may cause rises in levels of stress hormones.
D have cost theUnited Statesgovernment more than $200 billion.
E may help prevent mental decline.
F may get stronger at night.
G allow old people to be more independent.
H can reduce stress in difficult situations.
原文：
Maintaining a level of daily physical activity may help mental functioning, says Carl Cotman, a neuroscientist at the University of California at Irvine. He found that rats that exercise on a treadmill have raised levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor coursing through their brains. Cotman believes this hormone, which keeps neurons functioning, may prevent the brains of active humans from deteriorating.
分析：
利用题干中的信息(regular amounts of exercise)定位到原文(daily physical activity)，进而对该段文字进行阅读，发现最后的deteriorate不认识，但是以de-前缀开头，一般都是否定的方向，那么与第五个选项中的decline方向一致，可以确定E为正确答案。
2. 利用并列关系
阅读中常见的并列关系词有and, or等，并列关系前后连接的词往往具有一定的一致性。我们这里拿or来举个例子，or前后的词常常含义是近似的。因此，如果or连接的前后的词我们有一个不认识，那么可以利用另一个来猜单词。我们来看下面的例子：
例句：
However, the major problems of the travel and tourism industry that have hidden, or obscured, its economic impact are the diversity and fragmentation of the industry itself.
分析：
本句话中，很多同学是不认识obscure的，但是我们一般都认识前面的hidden，并且发现这两个单词由or连接，所以可以推断obscure的意思跟hidden是比较接近的。
杨帆老师有话说：
阅读考察的是单词的模糊理解而非具体含义，所以很多单词我们了解大概意思、保证阅读可以顺利进行下去即可，不用弄明白确切意思。
3.利用同位语
阅读中我们常会看到一个不认识的名词后跟随了一个逗号，逗号后是一个名词短语，这个名次短语就是这个名词的同位语解释。我们可以利用同位语去推测未知名词的含义。我们来看下面的例子
【题目】
? Marie and Pierre Curie’s research into the radioactivity of the mineral known as 8……… led to the discovery of two new elements.
【原文】
Turning her attention to minerals, she found her interest drawn to pitchblende, a mineral whose radioactivity, superior to that of pure uranium, could be explained only by the presence in the ore of small quantities of an unknown substance of very high activity. Pierre Curie joined her in the work that she had undertaken to resolve this problem, and that led to the discovery of the new elements, polonium and radium.
【分析】
通过观察题目，我们发现我们要填的单词处在“a mineral known as ...”这个结构下，说明要填的单词是一种矿物质的名字。那么利用题目中的two new elements定位到原文中，再利用代词往前查找，会找到pitchblende这个词，后面就跟随了我们说的同位语，那么可以确定这就是要我们找的答案。
题目：
我们来看看第6题：
原文：
The original patent outlined a three-stage process, in which phenol and formaldehyde (from wood or coal) were initially combined under vacuum inside a large egg-shaped kettle. The result was a resin known as Novalak, which became soluble and malleable when heated. The resin was allowed to cool in shallow trays until it hardened, and then broken up and ground into powder. Other substances were then introduced: including fillers, such as woodflour, asbestos or cotton, which increase strength and moisture resistance, catalysts (substances to speed up the reaction between two chemicals without joining to either) and hexa, a compound of ammonia and formaldehyde which supplied the additional formaldehyde necessary to form a thermosetting resin.
分析：
很多同学在做这道题时，利用第6题前面的ammonia和formaldehyde定位，在原文中第4句中，我们看到了一个a compound of ammonia and formaldehyde …这个结构，于是就有同学把答案写成了compound。但是我们来看一下，a compound of ammonia and formaldehyde …就是我们之前说的“双标点中的名词短语”，所以它是一个同位语，那么是对谁的解释呢?逗号之前的名词hexa，所以hexa是我们的答案(原文的意思是hexa是ammonia和formaldehyde一起构成的混合物)。至于为什么不能填compound这个词，这是一个解释性的词汇，属于“类别”词，不够具体，而填空题需要填具体的词。
雅思阅读遇到不认识的单词怎么办?
4. 利用举例
阅读中常见的表达举例的词很简单，就是for example, such as, illustration这样的词。大家都知道“举例词”后面的词是对前面的词的举例说明，但是大家能不能想到这样可以利用这种举例关系来猜单词呢?我们来看下面的例子：
【例句】
Modern teaching practices, the organizations of desks in the classroom, poor classroom acoustics, and mechanical means of ventilation such as air-conditioning units all contribute to the number of children unable to comprehend the teacher’s voice.
【分析】
这是C9T2R1的一个句子。我们在这个句子中看到了such as引导的一个例子，是对前面mechanical means of ventilation的举例解释。很多同学是不认识ventilation的，但是我们一般都认识air-conditioning，通过such as我们可以知道air-conditioning是ventilation的一个例子，那么ventilation肯定是跟“空调”有关的词，比如可能是“通风系统”之类的含义。
5. 利用因果关系
因果关系也可以用于猜单词，大家要有意识地利用起来，尤其是在一些包含生词的因果关系句子中，我们可以利用“因”和“果”互相解释这一特点来进行生词的推断。我们来看下面这两个例题：
【例题1】(第5题)
Classify the following as typical of
A both Chinese and Japanese pagodas
B only Chinese pagodas
C only Japanese pagodas
Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 5-10 on your answer sheet.
5 easy interior access to top
6 tiles on eaves
7 use as observation post
8 size of eaves up to half the width of the building
9 original religious purpose
10 floors fitting loosely over each other
【原文】
The Chinese built their pagodas in brick or stone, with inner staircases, and used them in later centuries mainly as watchtowers.When the pagoda reached Japan, however, its architecture was freely adapted to local conditions - they were built less high, typically five rather than nine storeys, made mainly of wood and the staircase was dispensed with because the Japanese pagoda did not have any practical use but became more of an art object.
【分析】
这是出自C7T2R1的一个句子。本句话中，很多同学是不认识dispense with这个词组的，但是我们发现后面有一个原因状语从句来对其进行解释，我们可以利用这个原因来进行推断：楼梯是被dispensed with了，因为日本宝塔是没有实际用途的而是变成了一个艺术品。结合前面的一个句子：中国宝塔有内部楼梯。因此可以推测日本的楼梯是被去除了，所以be dispensed with的意思是“被去除”
【例题2】
Classify the following statements as referring to
A hand collecting
B using bait
C sampling ground litter
D using a pitfall trap
Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, in boxes 31-36 on your answer sheet.
31 It is preferable to take specimens from groups of ants.
32 It is particularly effective for wet habitats.
33 It is a good method for species which are hard to find.
34 Little time and effort is required.
35 Separate containers are used for individual specimens.
36 Non-alcoholic preservative should be used.
【原文】
The pitfall trap is another commonly used tool for collecting ants.…The preservative used is usually ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, as alcohol will evaporate quickly and the traps will dry out. One advantage of pitfall traps is that they can be used to collect over a period of time with minimal maintenance and intervention. One disadvantage is that some species are not collected as they either avoid the traps or do not commonly encounter them while foraging.
【分析】
原文中，我们会看到ethylene glycol or propylene glycol，我相信一般同学是不认识的，当然我也不认识，但!这不重要!因为我们不用认识也能做题，我们可以猜词啊!来，我们看到后面有一个as引导的原因状语从句，就对前面这个分句进行了解释：这里使用到的防腐剂(preservative)是ethylene glycol 或者是 propylene glycol，因为酒精会蒸发并且陷阱会很快干枯。因此，可以推断出ethylene glycol 和 propylene glycol都是非酒精(non-alcoholic)，因此36题答案选D。
以上是我们今天的内容——利用举例来猜单词和利用因果关系来猜单词。关于单词，这里我必须强调两点：
1
我们确实有很多技巧来帮助我们理解单词在某一个语境下的意思，但是每一种技巧都不是万能的，因此大家要灵活运用所有的技巧，这样在面对陌生语境的时候才能灵活自如的理解，哪怕你并没有那么多的单词量。
2
单词是必须必须要背的!没有强大的单词作为基础，给你讲再多的技巧也无济于事!
雅思阅读全真模拟题：企业的社会责任
Corporate social Responsibility
-a new concept of“market”
Maybe Ben & Jerry's and The Body Shop set themselves up for a fall by appearing to have a monopoly on nuking an honest buck. But their struggles are a lesson on how little we know about the minefield of “ethical” marketing.
The Body Shop, along with the American ice cream maker Ben and Jerry's, was hailed as a new breed of green, or environmentally conscious, business.
Ben and Jerry’s
A Ben & jerry's offers a very sweet benefits package to employees. First, every one of the 700+ Ben & Jerry's workers is entitled to three free pints of ice cream, sorbet or frozen yogurt per day worked. (Some workers even use allotments of their free treats to barter for other goods and services in town such as haircuts). Beyond the freebies,personnel receives a 50% discount on the company's frozen goodies, a 40% discount on merchandise and a further 30% break on non-Ben & Jerry's foods at company outlets.
B Workers are further entitled to be paid family leave and may take advantage of the Employee Stock Purchase Program to purchase company stock (after six months with the organization) at a 15% discount. Beginning in , 316 stock options are awarded to each worker (excluding directors and officers) and stock is also assigned to each employee's 401K plan at the end of the calendar year. These contributions are intended to achieve the company's goal of linked prosperity, i.e. to assure that future prosperity is widely shared by all employees.
C Other benefits include:
Health insurance, including coverage for well baby-care and mammograms
Life insurance (twice the employee's annual salary)
Dental insurance
Long-term disability plan paying 60% of salary six months after disability for duration of disability
Short-term disability plan paying 60% of salary for six months
Maternity leave with full pay for six weeks after delivery
The Body Shop
D History of The Body Shop Anita Roddick started The Body Shop with a mere ￡4,000 and a dream. With over 1,900 stores in 50 countries. The Body Shop was founded in 1976 in Brighton, England. From her original shop, which offered a line of 25 different lotions, creams, and oils, Roddick became the first successful marketer of body care products that combined natural ingredients with ecologically-benign manufacturing processes. Her company's refusal to test products on animals, along with an insistence on nonexploitative labor practices among suppliers around the world, appealed especially to upscale, mainly middleclass women, who were and have continued to be the company's primary market As sales boomed, even the conservative financial markets approved of The Body Shop's impressive profit picture, and a public stock offering in 1984 was successful. An expansion campaign followed. In 1988 the company entered the U.S. market by opening a store in New York City, and by the company boasted 1,500 stores, including franchises, in 47 countries. Anti-marketing seemed to be smart marketing, at least as far as The Body Shop was concerned.
E Part of the secret of The Body Shop’s early success was that it had created a market niche for itself. The company was not directly competing against the traditional cosmetics companies, which marketed their products as fashion accessories designed to cover up flaws and make women look more like the
fashion models who appeared in their lavish ads. Instead, The Body Shop offered a line of products that promised benefits other than appearance—healthier skin, for instance—rather than simply a better-looking complexion. The company is known for pioneering the natural-ingredient cosmetic market and establishing social responsibility as an integral part of company operations. The Body Shop is known for its ethical stances, such as its monetary donations to the communities in which it operates, and its business partnerships with developing countries. In 1988 Roddick opened her first store in the United States, and by that time—through various social initiatives such as the “Stop the Bum” campaign to save the Brazilian rainforest (the source of many of the company's natural ingredients，and strong support of employee volunteerism——The Body Shop name had become synonymous with social activism and global preservation worldwide. The company had also become immensely profitable.
F By the mid-1990s, however. The Body Shop faced growing competition, forcing it to begin its first major advertising initiative, the most prominent part of which was the “Ruby” campaign. The campaign was personified by Ruby, a doll with Rubenesque proportions who was perched on an antique couch and who looked quite pleased with herself and her plump frame. Randy Williamson, a spokesperson for The Body Shop, said, “Ruby is the fruit of our long-established practice of challenging the way the cosmetic industry talks to women. The Ruby campaign is designed to promote the idea that The Body Shop creates products designed to enhance features, moisturize, cleanse, and polish, not to correct ‘flaws’. The Body Shop philosophy is that there is real beauty in everyone. We are not claiming that our products perform miracles. “
G The Competition the Body Shop lost market share in the late 1990’s to product-savvy competitors that offered similar cosmetics at lower prices. The main competitors are H20, Sephora, Bath and Body Works, and Origins. Research Results Research showed that women appreciate The Body Shop for its ethical standards. They are pleased by companies with green actions, not promises. The research proved that The Body Shop has been put on the back burner in many people's minds: overcrowded by newer, fresher Brands Companies like the Body Shop continually hype their products through advertising and marketing, often creating a demand for something where a real need for it does not exist. The message pushed is that the route to happiness is through buying more and more of their products. Under such consumerism, the increasing domination of multinationals and their standardised products is leading to global cultural conformity. Other downfall factors also include misleading the public, low pay and against unions, exploiting indigenous people ; Also the mass production, packaging and transportation of huge quantities of goods is using up the world's resources faster than they can be renewed and filling the land, sea and air with dangerous pollution and waste.
H The Problem The Body Shop has used safe and timid advertising over the last decade, decreasing market share and brand value. With the rise of new, more natural and environmentally friendly competitors, The Body Shop can no longer stand behind being the greenest or most natural. The Solution The Body Shop is the originator of ethical beauty with our actions speaking louder than our words. This is the new direction of The Body Shop. We will be a part of different acts of kindness in big cities. We will eliminate unwanted graffiti, purify city air, and give the customer an opportunity to be a part of something good.
Questions 1-4
The reading Passage has seven paragraphs A-H.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter A-H, in boxes 1-4 your answer sheet.
1 An action taken to Establishing social responsibility in conservation project
2 a description of the conventional way the ads applied to talk to its customers
3 A history of a humble origin and expansion
4 management practices arc intended to lined up the company's goal with participants' prosperity
Questions 5-7
Choose the three correct letter, A- F.
Write your answers in boxes 5-7 on your answer sheet.
5-7) What are true about the Ben & Jerry's company management
A There was little difference between the highest salary and the lowest
B They were advertising their product with powerful internal marketing.
C They offer the employee complimentary product
D Employee were encouraged to give services back to the community
E the products are designed for workers to barter for other goods and services
F offered a package of benefits for disable employees
Questions 8-10
Choose the three correct letter, A- F.
Write your answers in boxes 8-10 on your answer sheet.
What are the factors once contributed to the success for the BODY SHOP ?
A pioneering the natural-ingredient cosmetics market
B appealed to primary market mainly of the rich women
C focused on their lavish ads campaign
D The company avoided producing the traditional cosmetics products
E its moral concept that refuses to use animals- tested ingredients
F its monetary donations to the communities and in developing countries
Questions 11-13
Choose the three correct letter, A- F.
Write your answers in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.
What arc the factors leading to the later failure for BODY SHOP company?
A its philosophy that there is real beauty in everyone is faulty
B fail to fulfill promises while acted like misleading the public
C faced growing competition
D its creating demand for something that the customers do not actually need
E its newer, fresher Brands are not successful in the Market
F fail to offer cosmetics at lower prices than competitors
文章题目：营销的新概念
篇章结构
体裁 论说文
题目 营销的新概念
结构 A段：Ben & Jerry为员工提供商品免费和折扣福利
B段：Ben & Jerry为员工提供带薪探亲假和股票购买优惠
C段：Ben & Jerry为员工提供的其他福利
D段：The Body Shop的发展历程和营销策略
E段：The Body Shop早期成功的秘诀
F段：The Body Shop为应对竞争，发起名为Ruby的运动
G段：The Body Shop衰落的因素
H段：The Body Shop存在的问题和解决方法
试题分析
Question 1-13
题目类型：LIST OF HEADINGS
题号 定位词 文中对应点 题目解析
1 Establishing social responsibilities E段第四句 E段第四句提到The company is know for… and establishing social responsibility as an integral part of company operations.
因此，本题答案为E。
2 Ads, talk to customers F段第三句 F段第三句提到Ruby is…the cosmetic industry talks to women。此处的Ruby在前文中提到就是指The Body Shop的广告活动。
因此，本题答案为F。
3 Origin and expansion D段第四句和第七句 D段整段都在介绍The Body Shop的起源和发展历程。第四句提到from her original shop，第七句提到an expansion campaign followed。
因此，本题答案为D。
4 Link, company’s goal, participants’ prosperity B段最后一句 B段最后一句提到，these contributions are intended to achieve the company’s goal of linked prosperity。
因此，本题答案为B。
5 Complimentary product A段第二句 A段第二句提到公司为员工每天提供三品脱免费的冰淇淋、果汁或冻酸奶，即every workers is entitled to three free pints of ice cream…。该句free与C选项中的complimentary都表示“免费”。
因此，本题答案为C。
6 Internal marketing B段第一句 B段第一句提到…and may take advantage of the Employee Stock Purchase Program to purchase company stock at a 15% discount。此处说公司给予员工股票购买的优惠，即采取内部营销政策。
因此，本题答案为B。
7 Disable employees C段第四句和第五句 C段列出了Ben & Jerry 给予员工的其他福利，其中第四条和第五条就是跟disable employee有关的福利措施。
因此，本题答案为F。
8 Pioneering,
Natural-ingredient E段第四句 E段第四句提到the company is known for pioneering the natural-ingredient cosmetic market and…。
因此，本题答案为A。
9 Refuses, animals-tested ingredients D段第五句 D段第五句提到 her company’s refusal to test products on animals。
因此，本题答案为E。
10 Monetary donations, communities, developing countries E段第五句 E段第五句提到The Body Shop is known for its ethical stances, such as its monetary donations to the communities in which it operates, and its business partnership with developing countries。
因此，本题答案为F。
11 Promises, acted G段第四句 G段第四句提到，they are pleased by companies with green actions, not promises。
因此，本题答案为B。
12 Growing competition G段第一句 G段第一句提到 The Competition … to product-savvy competitors that offered similar cosmetics at lower prices。
因此本题答案为C。
13 Creating demand, not actually need G段第六句 G段第六句提到，… often creating a demand for something where a real need for it does not exist。
该句的creating demand 和D选项的creating demand 直接对应，where a real need for it dose not exit对应D选项的not actually need。
因此，本题答案为D。
参考译文：
企业社会责任(CSR)：“营销”的新概念
也许Ben & Jerry和美体小铺给自己设定垄断性赚诚实的利润陷阱。但他们的斗争是我们知道“道德”营销的雷区的一课。美体小铺，连同美国冰淇淋制造商Ben and Jerry' s,被誉为新一代的具有绿色环保意识业务企业。
Ben and Jerry’s
A Ben &Jerry为员工提供了一个非常甜蜜的员工福利。首先，700家中每一个店铺Ben & Jerry 的工人每天工作时有权免费三品脱冰淇淋，雪糕或冷冻酸奶。(一些工人使用易货享受配额的免费治疗其他商品和服务，比如理发。)除了免费赠品，人员享受公司冷冻产品50%的折扣，其他商品40%的折扣,还有30%非Ben&Jerry食品公司奥特莱斯商品折扣。
B 工人们进一步享有带薪探亲假和可能利用员工股票购买计划在一个15%的折扣的价格购买公司股票(六个月组织后)。从开始，授予每个工人(不包括董事及高级职员) 316股票期权和股票401 k计划的日历年度也分配给每个雇员。这些贡献旨在与实现公司的目标共同繁荣的，即确保所有员工共享繁荣的未来。
C 其他福利包括：
医疗保险，包括婴儿护理和.光检查
人寿保险(员工的年薪的两倍)
牙齿保险
长期残疾计划：残疾持续时间6个月后支付工资的60%
短期残疾计划为6个月支付工资的60%
The Body Shop
D 美体小铺历史开始于安妮塔罗迪克的￡4000和一个梦想。如今，它在50个国家拥有超过1900家门店。美体小铺于1976年在英格兰布莱顿成立。从她原来的商店，它提供的25种不同乳液、面霜、和油脂，罗迪克成为第一个成功的身体护理产品，结合天然成分和ecologically-benign制造过程的营销人员。她的公司拒绝使用动物测试产品，以及一个坚持在世界各地的供应商中实施非劳动剥削的劳动实践，主要吸引的是中产阶级妇女特玥是高档家庭产品，—直是该公司的主要市场。销售蓬勃发展，甚至保守的金融市场都批准美体小铺的令人印象深刻的利润情况下的扩张活动，其在1984年公开发行股票是 成功的。1988年，公司进入美国市场在纽约开设商店：到，该公司拥有1500家门店，包括在47个国家的特许经营，反营销策略似乎是聪明的营销，至少对美体小铺而言。
E 美体小铺早期成功的秘诀一部分是，它创造了一个特殊市场。公司没有传统的化妆品公司直接竞争，销售他们的产品是为了为时尚配饰设计掩盖缺陷，使女性看起来更像出现在他们奢华的广告时装模特。相反，美体小铺提供产品一条线的承诺好处，不仅仅是漂亮的肤色，还有皮肤即刻美
容和健康。公司以开拓自然成分化妆品市场和建立社会责任作为公司业务的一个组成部分。美体小铺因为它的.场而闻名，例如拒绝使用动物测试的成分，其在其运作的社区货币捐赠，和发展中国家合作它的业务。1988年罗迪克在美国开了她的第一家店，和通过各种社会活动如time-through，如“停止燃烧”运动拯救巴西热带雨林(该地区提供许多公司的天然成分来源)。和大力支持员工自觉自治—美体小铺字号已经等同于全球范围内的社会激进主义和环保保护主义。该公司利润竟然非常可观。
F 然而，到了1990年代中期，美体小铺面临日益激烈的竞争，迫使它开始它的第一个主要的广告计划，最突出的是“Ruby”运动。活动由Ruby的化身，一个与Rubenesque比例的娃娃栖息在一个古董沙发上，看起来很满意自己和丰满。兰迪?威廉姆森，美体小铺的发言人说。“Ruby是我们长期挑战化妆品行业和女性沟通方式实践的成果。Ruby营销活动是为了美体小铺的产品设计的概念：产品是来增强，滋润，清洁和增量功能，而不是纠正缺陷，美体小铺的哲学就是——每个人都有其真正的美，我们并不是宣传我们的产品会创造奇迹。”
G 美体小铺在1990年底的竞争下，面对竞争对手以更低的价格提供类似的化妆品失去市场份额。主要竞争对手是H20，Sephora, Bath and Body Works, and Origins。 研究成果显示，女性欣赏美体小铺的道德标准。她们很高兴公司实际的绿色行动，而不是承诺。证据证明，美体小铺一直搁置在许多人的倡导思想，而不断推出更新的品牌。像美体小铺公司不断通过广告宣传他们的产品和营销，通常创建一个不存在的需求，不是一个真正需要的东西。传播的是通过购买越来越多的产品通往幸福的消息。这种消费主义下，跨国公司主导日益增加其标准化产品导致全球文化整合。其他垮台的因素还包括误导公众，低工资和反对工会，利用原住民，大规模生产，大量的商品包装和运输导致使用全球资源的速度加快。而土地，海洋和空气与危险的污染和浪费远超它们再生的速度。
H 过去的十年里，美体小铺倾向保守和胆小的广告使其市场份额和品牌价值缩水。随着新的，更自然和环境友好的竞争对手的崛起，美体小铺在支持环保或最自然的方面不再领跑。解决方案是：“强调美体小铺是营销.起者，我们的行动胜过我们的语言。这是美体小铺的新方向。在大城市的不同的善举将是我们存在的一部分。我们将消除不必要的涂鸦，净化城市空气，给客户美好的运动中成为积极参与的一份子!”
参考答案：
Version 19121
主题 营销的新概念
1 E 2 F 3 D 4 B 5 C 6 D 7 F 8 A 9 E 10 F 11 B 12 C 13 D
篇6：雅思阅读猜词技巧
雅思阅读猜词技巧
一、利用定义式线索进行猜测
定义是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。例如：Kinetic energy is the energy of moving particles. Kinetic可能是生词，由定义可知，表语是说明主语性质内容的。所以可以根据定义来猜测kinetic是一种动能。再如：Typhoons are cyclones, storms with strong winds rotating around a low-pressure center. 如果cyclones是生词，推断该词义的线索就是其后面的解释“绕低气压中心形成的暴风雨”。在这种解释中定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。
二、根据进一步阐述猜测词义
虽然进一步阐述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使我们猜出生词的词义。复述部分可以是适当的词，短语或者句子。例如：Experts in kinesics, in their study of body motion as related to speech ,hope to discover new methods of communications. 雅思备考,不出国考雅思有用吗逗号中短语的意思是“对肢体语言进行研究的学科”。短语与前面生词kinesics是同位关系，因此我们不难猜出kinesics指“肢体语言学”。在这种复述当中，构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号，和括号等。另外同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other等副词或短语出现。
另外一种会以定语从句的形式出现如从句：
Obesity, which is a medical disorder that affects approximately 20-30% of the population of the United States of America. It is an excessive accumulation of body fat that results from the storage of excess food energy calories in the body''s fat cells.
根据生词obesity后面的非限制性定语从句which is a medical disorder that affects approximately 20-30% of the population of the United States of America. It is an excessive accumulation of body fat that results from the storage of excess food energy calories in the body''s fat cells. 我们可以推断出obesity的含义，即“过度肥胖”。
三、根据举例猜测词义
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索，例如：
The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past.
句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例，通过它们我们可以猜出战争，科学发现都是重要的events进而判断epochal的大致词义“重要的”。这与其确切含义“划时代的”十分接近。
四、根据上下文的语境关联猜测词义
例如：
Computers have been used for most kinds of crime, including fraud theft, larceny, embezzlement, burglary, sabotage, murder and forgery, since the first cases were reported in 1985.
这句话中有许多生词出现，但通过上文的crime和murder一词，我们可以知道这些生词都是与犯罪有关的词。在考试中，就不必费心去考虑它们的具体意思，知道大概类别即可。再如：
Goran fears only one service in tennis -- Michael Stichs. His toss is always the same: the straight one or the topspin. Sampras has a good serve and Becker too, but Stichs is the toughest to read.
在此例中，Goran不难判断是人名。接下来我们发现大多数词是用于网球运动中的一些专门词汇，我们可以不必理会，而主要关注认识的那些词。这样能够大概理解Goran这个人，害怕某种service, 通过上下文大致可得知这是指网球运动中的一个动作(比如发球、扣球等)。其实，service就是“发球“的意思。从形容词straight可知Stichs发球的特点，而且他是最难预测的一个。这样一来就可以很好地把握文章内容了。
五、根据对比关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词或难词的反义词猜测其词义。例如：
Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends. Gregarious.
对许多人来说可能是个生词，但是句中单词unlike可以提示我们Gregarious和后面的词unsociable person是对比关系。分析出这种关系后，我们便能猜出Gregarious意为”爱交际的“。
雅思阅读材料：“防出轨戒指”
说戒指有很多种，比如说老年间老奶奶们喜欢带的明晃晃金灿灿夺人耳目的金镏子，有钱富二代娶媳妇求婚买的5克拉大钻石，或者代表已婚的pt素圈儿。其实无论是什么戒指都是代表佩戴者已经心有所属，所以很多已婚出轨的男女都会把戒指偷偷装起来充钻石王老五，或者大龄未婚女青年。现在美国就出了这么一款“防出轨戒指”，在戒指的内侧刻上了我“已婚”的字样。就算偷偷摘下来，手指上也会留下抹不掉的印记!
Your cheatin’ heart may not tell on you, but this wedding ring might. Perfect for today’s promiscuous lifestyles, the Anti-Cheating wedding ring makes sure to display your marital status, even when you take it off。
“With Arnold, Tiger and two timing IMF guy in mind, we have created this wedding ring for people intent on cheating. The negative engraving on the inside means that when you are in the ‘Club’ and an attractive woman… or man comes along to chat, slipping your wedding ring off is not an option. The mark left on your skin says…’I’m Married’。”
Brought to you by The Cheeky, this titanium wedding ring may help keep your cheatin’ heart from straying too far. At least, until the impression disappears… Now this ring is charged $550.
雅思阅读材料：美公务员上班看奥运被叫停
L.A.'s chief technology officer sends email imploring city workers to stop watching the Olympics online, fearing it could trigger a massive computer crash.
Olympics coverage is certainly winning gold medals at L.A. City Hall, where so many employees are watching online that the city's chief technology officer begged them to stop for fear of a municipal computer meltdown.
”We are experiencing a high volume of traffic due to people watching the Olympics online. I respectfully request that you discontinue this as it is impacting city operations,“ city tech guru Randi Levin wrote in an email sent to thousands of workers Tuesday morning.
The email came on a day when the US women's gymnastics team was competing, as well as the women's soccer team.
Some council members expressed alarm at the prospect that city employees were watching the Olympics instead of doing their jobs.
”City employees aren't paid to watch the Olympics on their computers or TV. That is not what the taxpayers are paying them to do,“ said Councilman Dennis Zine, who saw the email. ”The question is where are the supervisors when this is going on?"
Councilwoman Jan Perry said she's outraged and wants the city to block Olympic streaming from City Hall computers.
Mark Wolf, executive officer for information technology for the city, said he had not discussed the email with Levin but said any time employees watch streaming material, it takes up a tremendous amount of bandwidth. NBC is streaming the games live online, which taxes highly valuable bandwidth.
Asked about the city's struggling computer systems, Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa's press office referred calls to Levin, who did not return calls seeking comment.
洛杉矶首席技术官给该市的公务员们发邮件，请求他们不要在上班期间在线观看奥运比赛，担心这会引发大规模电脑死机。
奥运报道的收视率显然正在洛杉矶市政厅拿着，在这里众多职员们都在网上观看比赛，而该市的首席技术官却恳求他们不要再在线看比赛，害怕会造成市政厅计算机系统瘫痪。
该市技术专家兰迪?莱文在他周二上午给数千公务员发出的邮件中写道：“由于大量工作人员在线观看奥运会，我们的网络流量非常大。我恳求你们停止这一行为，因为这影响到市政运作。”
邮件发出的当天，美国女子体操队和女子足球队都要参加比赛。
一些市议员对市公务员工作期间看比赛而非从事本职工作的情况表示担忧。
市议员丹尼斯?金看到邮件后说：“纳税人缴税可不是为了让公务员在电脑或电视上看奥运会的。问题在于，这种情况发生时，监督者在哪里。”
市议员简?佩里说，她对此感到非常愤怒，希望政府拦截市政厅计算机系统的奥运网络资源。
洛杉矶市信息技术首席执行官马克?沃尔夫表示他并没有就该邮件与莱文讨论过，但是他指出，职员只要观看流媒体音频和视频就会占用大量的带宽。美国全国广播公司在网络上直播奥运比赛，占用了宝贵的宽带带宽。
被问到该市几近瘫痪的计算机系统时，安东尼奥?维拉戈沙市长的新闻办公室让记者把采访电话打给莱文。当记者致电莱文请他做出评论后，莱文也没有回电。
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