下面是小编为大家整理的托福阅读备考这3个做法让学习提分事半功倍,本文共5篇,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。

篇1:托福阅读备考这3个做法让学习提分事半功倍
托福阅读备考这3个做法让学习提分事半功倍
1、备考阅读不能忽视做题技巧
在托福阅读的答题过程中不仅要掌握科学的备考方法,还需要掌握一些做题的技巧。例如说在议论类型的阅读题当中,我们同学可以按照“一线三定位”方法来解答。
”一线“就是议论文中存在的一条主基线,文章都是围绕这条线来展开。”三定位“就是定位题干关键词、定位与题干想干的段落、定位中心思想找出论证。按照这样的方法去解答议论类型题,我们可以既又准确又快速地解答出题干的答案,也能为其他模块的考试节省下很多时间。
2、备考时间有限,要尽快提高阅读速度
在平时的学习、训练中积极扩大托福阅读词汇量。词汇是学习任何一门外语的基础,如果没有一定的词汇量作为基础,很难想象我们能较为顺畅地去理解一篇英文文章的内容,也就更别提去提升我们的阅读速度了。托福阅读速度的提升一定是要建立在读懂文章的基础之上的。
平时如战时,阅读时注意力要高度集中。如果我们的思维很难与作者想表达的意图产生共鸣,从而从根本上影响我们的阅读质量和速度。长期大量阅读,语言的学习从本质上说有一个渐进的过程,这就决定了我们语言水平的提升要经过一个量变到质变的阶段,而长期大量的阅读就是其中最重要的一点。
3、备考“英语化”,适应考试潮流
在托福阅读的练习过程汇总,英语的思维方式。从宏观层面说,英语思维是一种较为典型的线性思维、结果思维其不同于汉语的点性思维,而我们广大学生在这一点上的相对空白,使得他们在实际的阅读中,要不断地把英文下意识地转化成中文再进行做题判断,进而大大影响做题速度。
针对这一点,我们就必须要下大力气来提高我们的综合英语实力以及语言运用能力。在平时的备考中多多背诵一些习语和惯用搭配,更加深入的了解托福阅读文章。
托福阅读明明都读懂了 为什么还是做不对题
我在任教的这几年里,总会遇到很多学生上来问我:老师,我明明都读懂了,为什么还是做不对题?每当这时候我都会有三道黑线出来。我不想直言ta其实做错题就是没读懂,因为害怕伤了ta的自尊,也害怕那么赤裸的揭露了问题的本质。我会让ta挑选出一个自己刚做错的题,让ta把对应的段逐字翻译给我听。在翻译的过程中遇到错,我就给ta调整,在这个过程中我的目的不仅仅是再一次帮他加深对于错题的理解,更主要的是想让ta发现其实做错题就是自己没有读懂,没有啥别的问题。如果你能理解我上课的中文讲解,你的逻辑其实并没有啥问题。
那有为什么同学总会觉得自己读懂了呢?其实往往这样的同学只是理解了文章的大意但是并不是每一句话都理解了,但是如果想要拿到阅读高分甚至满分真的是每一句话都要理解了,不然总会掉入到ETS的陷阱中。不妨自己逐字的翻译看看吧,然后在比较下参考译文,一定会发现自己理解错误的地方。
做阅读会经历这么几个阶段:
一篇文章错5道题以上,不分题型,时间大概是25-18miny一篇;
一篇错3道题左右,主要是推理 修辞目的 句子插入或者3/6,时间大概21min一篇;
1-2道题错误,可能都是词汇,20min以内做完。
对号入座自己是在哪个阶段,第一个阶段,该去大量背单词;第二个阶段该去理关系;第三个阶段背做错了的词汇题或者镇魂单词。
掌握这3种托福考试阅读技巧 阅读不再难
托福考试阅读技巧一、注重归纳能力的培养
托福阅读最后一大题都是以全文意思的归纳为基础才能完成的,尤其是summary,考察的就是考生对文章的整体把握。因此考生在平时练习的时候一定要注意对文章段落的归纳,能够在较短的时间内把文章段落的中心大意读出来,然后进行总结,最后选择出最能代表文章中心含义的内容。
托福考试阅读技巧二、词汇基础要扎实
托福阅读有一个很大的特色就是有专门考察单词的题型,也就是托福阅读词汇题。从文章中抽出一个单词,让考生选择与这个单词词义最接近最符合的。这些词汇是没有一个大纲让考生去背的,只有靠考生平时自己大量的托福阅读词汇积累,尤其是一些学术学科的词汇。
托福考试阅读技巧三、逻辑关系词要牢记
托福阅读中的英语句子,很多时候是要考生去理解其逻辑关系的,常见的逻辑关系有并列(and, as well),比较(than, as….as),因果(because, so, therefore, thus, result from),递进(also, furthermore),转折(but, however, yet)等等。找到这些信号词,对你的解题会有很大的帮助。
托福考试阅读技巧 推断题如何解题
托福考试阅读技巧一、逆向推断
这类推断比较明显,往往在关键句当中有能利用的时间,地点,还有具体的取非词,找到之后针对该句的意思取个反就行。
1.The nineteenth century brought with it a burst of a new discoveries and inventions that revolutionized the candle industry and make lighting available to all. In the early-to-mid –nineteenth century, a process was developed to refine tallow with alkali and sulfuric acid. The result was a product called stearin.This breakthrough meant that it was possible to make allow candles that would not produce the usual smoke and rancid odor.
Which of the following can be inferred from this paragraph about candles before the nineteenth century?
A They did not smoke when they were burned
B They produced a pleasant odor as they burned
C They were not available to all
D They contained sulfuric acid.
这句话根据candles定位到第一句话,发现里面有the nineteenth century这个时间点,那题干问的是before the nineteenth century的情况,所以果断取个反选C
2.This was before the steam locomotive, and canal building was at its height. The companies building the canals to transport coal needed surveyors to help them find the coal deposits worth mining as well as to determine the best courses for the canals. This job gave Smith an opportunity to study the fresh rock outcrops created by the newly dug canal. He later worked on similar jobs across the length and breadth of England, all the while studying the newly revealed strata and collecting all the fossils he could find. Smith used mail coaches to travel as much as 10,000 miles per year. In 1815 he published the first modern geological map, “A Map of the Strata of England and Wales with a Part of Scotland,” a map so meticulously researched that it can still be used today.
Which of the following can be inferred about canal building?(2)
○ Canals were built primarily in the south of England rather than in other regions.
○ Canal building decreased after the steam locomotive was invented.
○ Canal building made it difficult to study rock strata which often became damaged in the process.
○ Canal builders hired surveyors like Smith to examine exposed rock strata.
这道题同样根据canal building定位到第一句,在steam locomotive出现之前,cananl building一直是稳坐泰山的地位,而题干问现在canal building怎样,所以取个反,选B。
托福考试阅读技巧二、正向推断
这类推断适应于题干与原文关系属于抽象与具体关系(整体与部分关系),往往我们解题时要找出相应句子之间的关系。
1.Another major discovery was made in Egypt in 1989. Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert. This whale lived around 40 million years ago, 12 million years after Pakicetus. Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included, for the first time in an archaeocyte, a complete hind leg that features a foot with three tiny toes. Such legs would have been far too small to have supported the 50-foot-long Basilosaurus on land. Basilosaurus was undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional, or vestigial, hind legs.
It can be inferred that Basilosaurus bred and gave birth in which of the following locations (4)
○On land
○Both on land and at sea
○In shallow water
○In a marine environment
本题问Basilosaurus在哪里哺育生命,我们发现原文里没有直接体现相关概念的定位句,但是标红句告诉我们Basilosaurus是一个海洋生物,那试想一下,海洋生物在哪里哺育生命?当然在海里了,所以选D。
2.Even the kind of stability defined as simple lack of change is not always associated with maximum diversity. At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is often found in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community. Once a redwood forest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individuals growing on the forest floor are reduced. In general, diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability. Mathematical models of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee ecosystem stability—just the opposite, in fact. A more complicated system is, in general, more likely than a simple system to break down. A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a child’s tricycle.
Which of the following can be inferred about redwood forests?(3)
○They become less stable as they mature.
○They support many species when they reach climax.
○They are found in temperate zones.
○They have reduced diversity during mid-successional stages.
这道题也很经典,首先根据题干定位词redwood forest定位到标红句,但是仔细看一下4个选项中没有能直接体现相关意思的(比如A选项,They指代的是redwood forest,而原文指的是species的数量减少),这时候往前找更抽象的句子,发现前一句,说at least in temperate zones那这就表明下面的概念都是在temperate zones这个大环境下描述的,那么作为细节出现的redwood forest当然也应该满足这个条件。所以选C。
篇2:托福阅读备考提分需解决这3个问题
托福阅读备考提分需解决这3个问题 高分考生指点应对方法
托福阅读生词问题应对方法
托福考试中词汇是比较重要的考点,而阅读则是考察词汇量的主要部分之一,因此考生想要做好阅读,首先就需要解决词汇问题,特别是在考试中遇到生词时的应对技巧。托福阅读中的文章很多都是从一些原版刊物上选取改编而成的,因此文章涉及到的话题范围也相当之广,科学文化、自然科技、历史艺术、天文地理等等无所不包。而这就会造成文章中常会出现各类大家在背托福单词时也没有接触过的生词。因此,考生首先要有在托福阅读中遭遇生词“偷袭”的心理准备。有些同学做阅读遇到生词就会产生恐慌心理影响发挥,这其实是完全没有必要的,应对生词完全可以通过采用这些方法来进行合理应对不影响做题:
1. 如果生词本身是属于专业性的词汇,那么这些词汇出现的目标就并不是为了考察大家的词汇量,而是检查考生应对生词的应变能力。而且这些生词本身也常会成为出题点,考生只要围绕这类词汇多加留意就会发现不少用于理解生词和解答题目的线索。
2. 其次,生词常会附带有解释说明,有时候紧跟在词汇之后以同位语形式出现,有时候则会给出线索让大家结合上下文得出解释。托福考试阅读的大部分生词都是以这种形式存在的,大家如果不认识这类词汇,直接在词汇周围其实就能找到解答,不用担心会出现不认识生词就做不了题的情况。
托福阅读时间不足要这么做
除了生词问题外,考生在做托福阅读时还有一个比较容易遇到的问题就是时间限制。大家都知道托福考试的时间限制是比较严格的,阅读部分也是如此,考生假如在备考中没有专门做过限时方面的训练,实战中发现做题时间不够用也就很正常了。面对时间不够用的情况,小编建议大家具体情况具体分析,到底是阅读速度太慢还是解题效率偏低,找到耗时太多的原因之后再进行一些针对性的训练来解决问题。另外,如果时间问题真的很严重,甚至到了会影响整体答题节奏的地步,那么大家也不妨考虑对于某些明显会消耗很多时间的阅读题目采取直接猜答案跳过的方法来进行应对。虽然放弃一道题目有点可惜,但如果能够因此而获得更多时间做对更多后面的题目,小编认为这种牺牲其实也是完全值得的,毕竟有舍才能有得。
托福阅读看不懂文章解决方法
最后要说的就是托福阅读中出现的看不懂文章的情况。文章看得太快,或者看到后面忘了前面都会造成文章看不懂的问题。而降低速度又可能导致时间不够用。可能大家会因此觉得不知道如何平衡两者之间的关系。小编的建议是考生自己通过多做题来尝试找到速度和理解力之间的平衡点。如果出现看不懂的情况就适当放慢速度,能看懂了再稍微提个速,反复测试之下应该很快就能找到最适合自己的阅读速度,既能保证读文章的效率又不会影响对文章的理解。这样一来问题就得到解决了。
托福阅读长难句:雅典贵族的力量
The strength of the Athenian aristocracy was further weakened during the rest of the century by the rise of a type of government known as a tyranny, which is a form of interim rule by a popular strongman (not rule by a ruthless dictator as the modem use of the term suggests to us). (TPO40, 54)
tyranny /'tɪrəni/ n. 残暴,专横,专制
interim /'ɪntərɪm/ adj. 临时的,暂时的
ruthless /'ruːθlɪs/ adj. 无怜悯心的,残忍的
dictator /dɪk'teɪtə/ n. 独裁者;霸道的人,爱发号施令者
rule n. 统治,管理
解析:
这个句子的主干就是:
The strength of the Athenian aristocracy was further weakened
修饰一:(during the rest of the century) ,介词短语
中文:在这个世纪剩余的时间里
修饰二:(by the rise of a type ofgovernment),介词短语
中文:一种类型政府的崛起
修饰三:(known as a tyranny) ,非谓语动词
中文:称之为专制
修饰四:(which is a form of interim ruleby a popular strongman) ,从句
中文:它是被一个铁腕人物暂时管理的一种形式
修饰五:(by a ruthless dictator) ,介词短语
中文:通过一个无情的独裁者
修饰六:(as the modem use of the termsuggests to us),从句
中文:正如现在使用这个词表明的那样
参考翻译:
在这个世纪剩余的时间里,雅典贵族的力量由于专制政府——它是被一个铁腕人物暂时管理的一种形式(不是我们现在使用这个词表明的那样是由一个无情的独裁者统治)——的兴起进一步削弱了。
托福阅读长难句:暴君继承者
The Peisistratids, as the succession of tyrants were called (after the founder of the dynasty, Peisistratos), strengthened Athenian central administration at the expense of the aristocracy by appointing judges throughout the region, producing Athens' first national coinage, and adding and embellishing festivals that tended to focus attention on Athens rather than on local villages of the surrounding region. (TPO40, 58)
tyrant /'taɪrənt/ n. 专制君主,暴君
aristocracy /ˌærɪ'stɒkrəsɪ/ n. 贵族阶级,贵族
coinage /'kɒɪnɪdʒ/ n. 铸造硬币;货币制度
embellish /ɪm'belɪʃ/ v. 美化﹑装饰或修饰某物;渲染
分析:
这个句子的主干:
The Peisistratids strengthened Athenian central administration
修饰一:(as the succession of tyrants were called (after the founder of the dynasty,Peisistratos)),从句
中文:我们称之为暴君的继承者(在王朝创始人Peisistrato之后)
修饰二:(at the expense of the aristocracy),介词短语
中文:以牺牲贵族为代价
修饰三:(by appointing judges throughout the region, producing Athens' first national coinage, and adding and embellishing festivals),介词短语,注意里面有三个v-ing的并列:
appointing judges throughout the region, producing Athens' first national coinage, and adding and embellishing festivals
中文:通过在这个地区任命法官、创建雅典第一套国家货币制度并且增加和装饰关注雅典而不是周边地区当地村庄的节日
修饰四:(that tended to focus attention on Athens rather than on local villages of the surrounding region),从句,修饰festivals
中文:总是关注雅典而不是周边地区当地的村庄
参考翻译:
Peisistratids——我们称之为暴君的继承者(在王朝创始人Peisistrato之后)——通过在这个地区任命法官、创建雅典第一套国家货币制度并且增加和装饰关注雅典而不是周边地区当地村庄的节日,以牺牲贵族的权利为代价,加强了雅典中央政府管理。
篇3:托福阅读备考提分攻略
托福阅读备考提分攻略 从100分到110分你需要这么练
进一步提升长难句应对技巧
托福考试能够考到一百分,或者说阅读能够拿到25分的同学,在应对阅读长难句方面一般都是问题不太大的,很多考生即使长难句看起来仍然有点吃力,但也会有一些能够在避免长难句干扰的前提下正确解答题目的经验技巧。但如果大家还想要让阅读得分跟上一层楼,那么面对长难句,就必须具备能够直接看懂的正面突破能力而不能总想着看到长难句绕着走。所以,考生在阅读备考中,首先要做的就是学会拆分解读长难句,并在此基础上锻炼出快速阅读和理解长难句的能力。托福阅读 25分而不是30分,对于长难句的处理可能在细节上还有一些问题,有时候仍会出现一些纰漏。考生如果能够进一步提升托福阅读长难句的应对能力,那么阅读提分也会更有把握。
学会拆分各段落结构找观点
除了长难句外,考生另一个可以进一步提升的提分点就在于看懂段落结构。25分阶段的考生想要找到各个段落的中心句主旨句应该已经有一定经验,但能否找得快找得准,能否快速区分出每个段落中的主旨内容和细节部分,这其中其实还是有一些提升空间的。而且托福阅读文章也并非每篇每段都是先主旨后细节的结构,不同类型的文章,比如议论文和说明文在文章段落结构上就存在明显差异,还有些比较奇葩的文章也有可能把主旨句藏头露尾,这也需要考生掌握一定技巧才能顺利找对内容。总之,学会拆分托福阅读文章的各个段落,准确高效地找到观点主旨区分出细节论据,这也是考生需要努力的提升方向。
强化总结题型的得分能力
最后,很多托福考生之所以只拿到25分而不是30分,很多时候问题都是处在阅读的最后一题,也就是六选三总结题型上。这个题型独特的解题要求以及和边读文章边做题模式格格不入的解题思路,总是会让很多同学遭遇挫败。因此,如果大家的目标是进一步提分,尽可能保证和提升总结题的得分能力也是必不可缺的。了解总结题的题型特点,摸清做题的具体方式,之后通过实际训练来分析出选项对错并提升答题熟练度积累解题经验,这些方式都能够帮助大家在面对总结题时更为游刃有余地进行解答,从而让托福阅读得分更上一层楼。
总而言之,托福阅读25分虽然已经足以自傲,但如果大家对自己要求更高,想要挑战阅读满分或是托福110分,那么上面这些进一步备考提分的经验心得,还请大家认真学习起来。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:英国国王运送外国雇佣兵
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例:
He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty andperfidy scarcely parallel in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation.
词汇讲解:
mercenary= n.外国雇佣兵
desolation= n.荒凉;废墟
tyranny= n.暴政
circumstance= n.情形
cruelty= n.残忍
perfidy= n.背信弃义
scarcely= ad.很少
parallel= a.相似的;比得上的
barbarous= a.残暴的
unworthy= a.不配的
句子分析:
【主干】
He is transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation.
他(英国国王)正在运送大批外国雇佣兵,来从事勾当,他已完全不配当一个文明国家的元首。
【成分分析】
at this time 状语
of death, desolation and tyranny 定语,修饰works
already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy 定语,修饰works
scarcely parallel in the most barbarous ages定语,修饰cruelty and perfidy
参考翻译:
他(英国国王)此时正在运送大批外国雇佣兵,来从事其制造死亡、废墟和暴政的勾当,其残忍与卑劣从一开始就连最野蛮的时代也难以相比,他已完全不配当一个文明国家的元首。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:国会不得制定的法律
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例:
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
词汇讲解:
congress= n.国会
respect= v.关于 (熟词僻意)
establishment= n.确立
religion= n.宗教
prohibit= v.禁止
thereof= ad.其
abridge= v.限制
assemble= v.集会
petition= v.请求
redress= n.补偿;纠正
grievance= n.委屈;不平之事
句子分析:
【主干】
Congress shall make no law
【成分分析】
1. respecting an establishment of religion, 定语1,修饰law
2. or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; 定语2,修饰law
3. or abridging the freedom or the right 定语3,修饰law
4. of speech, or of the press; 定语,修饰the freedom
5. of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. 定语,修饰the right
参考翻译:
国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律:确立国教或禁止信教自由;剥夺言论自由或出版自由;或剥夺人民和平集会和向政府请愿伸冤的权利。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:废除已习惯的政府形式
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例:
Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. ----The Declaration of Independence
词汇讲解:
prudence= n.审慎
dictate= v.口述;规定
transient= a.短暂的
accordingly= ad.因此
disposed= a.愿意的;倾向的
sufferable= a.可容忍的
right= v.纠正;恢复
abolish= v.废除
accustomed= a.习惯的
结构分析:
【主干】
Prudence will dictate that + 宾语从句1
【宾语从句1主干】
governments should not be changed; and accordingly all experience hath shown that+宾语从句2
【宾语从句2主干】
mankind are more disposed to suffer than to right themselves
【成分分析】
long established 定语,修饰governments
for light and transient causes 状语
, while evils are sufferable, 插入语
by abolishing the forms 状语
to which they are accustomed.定语,修饰forms
参考翻译:
若真要审慎的来说,成立多年的政府是不应当由于无关紧要的和一时的原因而予以更换的。过去的一切经验都说明,任何苦难,只要尚能忍受,人类还是情愿忍受,也不想为申冤而废除他们久已习惯了的政府形式。
篇4:托福3个提分技巧
从托福老师角度分析考试高分要点 这3个提分技巧你都知道吗?
1. 作为考生一定要知道自己的不足
这一点对所有参加托福考试的考生来说都是至关重要的,哪怕是拥有丰富的教学经验的托福老师,一旦走上考场其身份也是考生,因此想要拿到高分,同样必须了解和正视自身存在的问题缺点。 比如小编认识的一位托福资深讲师,就坦承自己在做阅读时时间其实也会不够用。而托福考生不应该畏惧于自身存在的问题,更需要担心的是根本不知道自己哪里存在问题。因为一旦知道了不足之处,接下来大家能制定明确的针对提升训练计划,反而有了进步提升的方向。之后只要加强训练,缺点就可以得到改进。反而是不知道自己哪里存在问题,没有具体的提分方向才是更需要担心的问题,所以考生想要提升托福成绩,请务必先了解自身的不足之处。
2. 资深名师也会遭遇生词
大家可能会觉得作为一名合格的托福讲师,在词汇方面肯定是不会遇到生词的,但其实这也是一种误解。托福考试的内容和词汇并不是一成不变的,每年都会有新的题目加入有旧的题目淘汰,随之而来的则是词汇的替换,因此,托福考试中永远都会有一些新的词汇。哪怕是专业的托福老师,也有可能会突然遇到一些生词。因此,面对这类词汇,考生不仅需要把最新的词汇书背出来应对其中大部分的生词,也需要为了可能突然遇到的生词做好两手准备。老师建议大家首先要做好应对生词的心理准备,不要认为自己已经背熟了词汇书就万事大吉,遇到生词也要冷静应对而不能出现影响考试发挥的负面情绪。其次是提前学习一些应对生词的技巧方法,比如在文章里寻找上下文解析,或者直接绕开生词解答题目等等。做好了应对生词的身心准备,小编相信大家就能在托福考试中更好地发挥出自身实力了。
3. 学会充分利用草稿纸
托福考试中考场会提供草稿纸,很多同学可能会忽视合理使用,最多在做听力时拿来随手记录一些信息。但结合托福考试的实战经验,其实用好草稿纸对大家的提分有很大帮助。当然用好不是指做所有题目都去刻意使用草稿纸,用来应对什么题型取决于考生自己的答题习惯。这里要说的是工整地使用草稿纸,而不是没有规划格式的随意乱写。有些同学做听力的时候随意在草稿纸上做记录,结果听完发现自己记得太潦草混乱,根本没有办法从中还原出自己解题需要的信息,老师的建议是大家按照题目编号从上到下按照一定的格式进行记录,同时适当学习一些速记的技巧帮助做笔记,以确保自己能够在记完内容后根据记录内容进行后续答题。
托福语法练习
Test 1 语法题笔记练习题 1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.
A. in disease
B. that disease
C. of disease
D. about disease
答案:B
分析:动词believe 的用法:直接加that引导的宾语从句.这里that为连接adv.,在句中不作任何成分,其后接完整句.
参考译文:大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液.
2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
A. she was the first woman to conduct
B. the first woman conductor
C. the woman was first conducting
D. the woman conducts first
答案:B
分析:缺宾语,答案中只有B,D可以作宾语,但D的语序不对.
参考译文:1976,Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家.
补充: 常考 the first/second/… one to do sth
3. On January 7, 1955, Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.
A. the first African American
B. the first African American was
C. she was the first African American
D. when the first African American
答案:A
分析:缺宾语,C, D都不能作宾语.一句话中只能有一个谓语,而B中有was,句中出现两个谓语,一定错.
参考译文:1955年1月7号,Marian Anderson成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House担任主唱的美籍黑人.
4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States, _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.
A. and accelerated a phenomenon
B. a phenomenon that accelerated
C. accelerating a phenomenon which,
D. the acceleration of which phenomenon
答案:B
分析:考的是同位语结构,a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位语.A中and为conj.,后面应该连接一个完整的句子,但缺主语,错;C中语序混乱,错; D中of which作为介词宾语,后面应该接一个完整句,但只有一个phenomenon主语,句子不完整,错.
参考译文:可能战后最重大的趋势就是美国城市的分散化,当大规模高速公路建设项目容许了更大程度的发展郊区,这个现象更被促进了.
补充: accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接宾语
5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.
A. he became
B. when becoming
C. became
D. did he become
答案:A
分析:before为状语从句引导词conj,后面一般引导一个完整的句子.B同时出现两个状语从句引导词,错;C缺主语;D应该为正常语序,选项中使用了倒装句式,错.
参考译文:里根在成为美国总统之前连续两届担任加州的州长.
托福语法:be going to和will的区别
在许多情况下既可以用 be going to结构又可以用 will+动词原形,但是它们之间是有差别的,因此有些场合只能用其中之一。
其主要差别是:
A be going to结构总是表示经过预先思考的意图,常常是等于意图+计划。will+动词原形只表示意图,这意图通常是未经过预先思考的,虽然并不尽然。
因此,如果已经为这一行动做了准备,就必须用 be going to:
I have bought some bricks and I’m going to build a garage.
我已经买了砖,打算盖一个汽车库。
如果意图明显地未经过预先思考,就必须用will:
—There is somebody at the hall door.
—I’ll go and open it.
—有人在大厅门外面。
—我去开门。
(参见本节E中所举的例子。)
如果没有明显迹象表明意图是否经过思考,则 be going to或will都可以使用:
I will/am going to climb that mountain one day.
总有一天我要爬那座山。
I won’t/am not going to tell you my age.
我不会告诉你我的年龄。
但will是表示决心的最好形式:
I ′will help you.
我会帮助你。(在will上有重音。)相当于:
I definitely intend to help you.
我肯定打算帮助你。
下面谈一谈两者间的其他差别:
B 如我们已经注意到的,will+动词原形的肯定式几乎全部用于第一人称,因此第二、第三人称的意图用be going to结构来表示:
He is going to resign.
他打算辞职。
Are you going to leave without paying?
你打算不付钱就走吗?
C 但否定式 won’t可以用于所有人称,所以可以这样说:
He isn’t going to resign.
他不打算辞职。
He won’t resign.
他拒绝辞职。
但要注意用于表示否定的意图时,won’t通常的含义是拒绝:
He won’t resign.相当于:
He refuses to resign.
他拒绝辞职。
He isn’t going to resign通常指 He doesn’t intend to resign(他不打算辞职)。
D 如已经讲到的那样,be going to通常指的是相当近的将来,will既可以指最近的将来,也可以指比较遥远的将来。
E 下面再举be going to和will的一些例子:
1 be going to 表示意图的例子:
—What are you doing with that spade?
—I am going to plant some apple trees.
—你要用那铁锹干什么?
—我想栽几棵苹果树。
She has bought some wool;she is going to knit a jumper.
她买了一些毛线,打算织一件套头衫。
—Why are you taking down all the pictures?
—I am going to repaper the room.
—你为什么把所有的画都取下来?
—我准备重新贴墙纸。
Some workmen arrived today with a roller.I think they are going to re-pair our road.
今天有些工人带着一台压路机来了。我想他们准备修我们这条路。—Why is he carrying his guitar?
—He is going to play it in the underground.
—他为什么带着吉他?
—他要在地铁车站弹吉他。
注意:在以上所有的例句中,都不能用will来代替be going to,因为每个例句都含有预先计划的明显证据。
2 will+动词原形的例句(参见第201节):
—This is a terribly heavy box.
—I’ll help you to carry it.
—这个箱子太沉了。
—我来帮你搬。
—I’ve left my watch upstairs.
—I’ll go and get it for you.
—我把表忘在楼上了。
—我去给你拿。
—Who will post this letter for me?
—I will.
—谁给我邮信?
—我去。
—Will you lend me £100?
—No,I won’t.
—请你借我100镑好吗?
—不,我不借给你。
3 be going to与will的一些比较
在回答汤姆的话There aren’t any matches in the house(家里没有火柴了)时,安可能回答说:
I’m going to get some today.
我打算今天去买。(预先考虑的决定)
I’ll get some today.
我今天去买。(未经预先考虑的决定)
第一句可能意指在谈话之前,她就知道没有火柴了,并已决定去买一些。第二句则意指她过去还未决定买火柴,但此刻汤姆提出之后她马上决定去买。
又如:
Ann:Where is the telephone book?
安:电话本在哪里?
Tom:I’ll get it for you.
汤姆:我给你拿。
这里,汤姆表达了在安的问话后他马上做出的一个决定,但是如果他说I’m going to get it(我正想去拿它),则意指在安说话之前他已经决定这样做(可能因为他已预料到安会需要电话本,或者他自己需要)。
4 注意:当will/won’t如第209节A-E所提到的那样,用做一般将来时will/shall的组成部分时,它们没有任何意图的含义。因此,He won’t resign 可以意指他拒绝辞职或我想他不会辞职的;在If he hurries he’ll catch up with her(如果他赶紧点就会赶上她)这句中,will不含有任何意图的意思,仅仅是对事实的陈述。
篇5:托福口语如何备考提分
托福口语在英语考试中历来是让中国考生望而生畏的一个部分。究其原因,无非是以下几点,首先中国学生缺乏平时的语言环境。这个原因造成许多中国考生出现“中式英语”,这样的表达往往不符合英语的语言逻辑或是语法规则。其次是心理因素。很多人之所以口语说不好,首先是因为自己不敢说,不想说。大家抱怨说:“对着计算机说,怎么说得出来啊。对着人说都不敢,何况当着大家的面说。”其实很多学生的发音不错,但是却一直不肯开口,最后口语一点提高都没有。但是我们说一定要敢于开口,这是最基本的要求。如果连说都不敢说,何以谈备考口语,更别谈提高了。
对于这个问题,考生应该做的是:先自言自语。说自己的话,让别人笑去吧!这里的“说”也要有重点,这个阶段的重点是要纠正发音。常见的如th的发音,thanks和speed……之类。要是觉得自己发音比较好,但是苦于寻求充实话题内容方法的同学,可以找出托福听力和口语的原文来阅读。其中既有Conversation又有Lecture,非常真实地模拟了考试题型。
托福口语准备时间怎么用?
接下来要说的就是托福口语如何提前做好准备了。在托福考试中,考生仅有15至30秒的准备时间内,流利答题,内容充实,从而拿到高分,没有一定的准备基本是不可能的(当然不包括有些在美国生活过的考生,他们在这样的语言环境中成长,自然有很多优势)。那么,是不是要因为一个小小的口语考试就放弃期待已久的留学梦呢?当然不是!既然我们不能依赖于现场发挥,那么就要通过平时准备来降低现场快速反应的高难度要求。准备工作,就是积累素材和锻炼反应速度。这是基础,是决定你流利程度和语言使用的关键,也是你拿高分的关键。我们可以多读些好文章,建议读ETS给的SampleAnswer。这个对于口语所有题型的帮助是最直接的,但是材料有限。那么,针对校园类的话题可以多借鉴一下听力中Conversation对于问题的解决给出意见的句子。把好词好句储藏起来备用,取其精华,去其糟粕。对于开放性的独立口语题,要注重练习。因为我们说,考题还是有一定的重复几率的。考试的题型也相对固定,我们要利用这两点来增加得高分的可能性。
新托福语法辅导:漫谈标点符号的用法
Period [.]
1. Use a period to show the end of a sentence.
Hockey is a popular sport in Canada.
The federal government is based in Ottawa.
2. Use a period after certain abbreviations.
B.C. is the province located on the West Coast.
Dr. Bethune was a Canadian who worked in China.
The company is located at 888 Bay St. in Toronto.
It is 4:00 p.m. in Halifax right now.
Question Mark [?]
Use a question mark at the end of a sentence to show a direct question.
How many provinces are there in Canada?
Note: do not use a question mark for indirect questions.
The teacher asked the class a question. Do not ask me why.
Exclamation Mark [!]
Use an exclamation mark at the end of a sentence to show surprise or excitement.
We won the Stanley Cup!
The forest is on fire!
Comma [,]
1. Use a comma to show a pause in a sentence.
Therefore, we should write a letter to the prime minister.
2. Use a comma with quotation marks to show what someone has said directly.
“I can come today,” she said, “but not tomorrow.”
3. Use commas for listing three or more different things.
Ontario, Quebec, and B.C. are the three biggest provinces.
4. Use commas around relative clauses that add extra information to a sentence.
Emily Carr, who was born in 1871, was a great painter.
Apostrophe [']
1. Use an apostrophe to show ownership of something.
This is David's computer.
These are the player's things. (things that belong to the player)
Note: For nouns in plural form, put the apostrophe at the end of the noun.
These are the players' things. (things that belong to the players)
2. Use an apostrophe to show letters that have been left out of a word.
I don't know how to fix it.
Quotation Marks [“]
Use quotation marks to show what someone has said directly.
The prime minister said, ”We will win the election.“
”I can come today,“ she said, ”but not tomorrow.“
Colon [:]
1. Use a colon to introduce a list of things.
There are three positions in hockey: goalie, defence, and forward.
2. Use a colon to introduce a long quotation.
The prime minister said: ”We will fight. We will not give up. We will win the next election.“
Semicolon [;]
1. Use a semicolon to join related sentences together.
The festival is very popular; people from all over the world visit each year.
2. Use a semicolon in lists that already have commas.
The three biggest cities in Canada are Toronto, Ontario; Montreal, Quebec; and Vancouver, B.C.
Dash [-]
1. Use a dash before a phrase that summarizes the idea of a sentence.
Mild, wet, and cloudy - these are the characteristics of weather in Vancouver.
2. Use a dash before and after a phrase or list that adds extra information in the middle of a sentence.
The children - Pierre, Laura, and Ashley - went to the store.
Most Canadians - but not all - voted in the last election.
3. Use a dash to show that someone has been interrupted when speaking.
The woman said, ”I want to ask - " when the earthquake began to shake the room.
Hyphen [-]
1. Use a hyphen to join two words that form one idea together.
sweet-smelling
fire-resistant
2. Use a hyphen to join prefixes to words.
anti-Canadian
non-contact
3. Use a hyphen when writing compound numbers.
one-quarter
twenty-three
新托福语法辅导:助动词
1)协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。
助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)
2) 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:
a. 表示时态,例如:
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态,例如:
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句,例如:
Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?
Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:
I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气,例如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
3) 最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
托福考试备考必背:托福口语50句习语
1.爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog.
2.百闻不如一见 (眼见为实 )Seeing is believing.
3.比上不足比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst.
4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start.
5.不眠之夜 white night
6.不以物喜不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses
7.不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do one’s best
8.不打不成交 No discord, no concord.
9.拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul
10.辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new
11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all
12.大开眼界 open one’s eyes; broaden one’s horizon; be an eye-opener
13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace
14.过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little
15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits.
16.好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more
17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.
18.和气生财 Harmony brings wealth.
19.活到老学到老 One is never too old to learn.
20.既往不咎 let bygones be bygones
21.金无足赤人无完人 Gold can’t be pure and man can’t be perfect.
22.金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home.
23.脚踏实地 be down-to-earth
24.脚踩两只船 sit on the fence
25.君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green
26.老生常谈陈词滥调 cut and dried, cliché
27.礼尚往来 Courtesy calls for reciprocity.
28.留得青山在不怕没柴烧 Where there is life, there is hope.
29.马到成功 achieve immediate victory; win instant success
30.名利双收 gain in both fame and wealth
31.茅塞顿开 be suddenly enlightened
32.没有规矩不成方圆 Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards.
33.每逢佳节倍思亲 On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one’s dear ones far away.It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.
34.谋事在人成事在天 The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. Man proposes, God disposes.
35.弄巧成拙 be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself
36.拿手好戏 masterpiece
37.赔了夫人又折兵 throw good money after bad
38.抛砖引玉 a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions; throw a sprat to catch a whale
39.破釜沉舟 cut off all means of retreat;burn one‘s own way of retreat and be determined to fight to the end
40.抢得先机 take the preemptive opportunities
41.巧妇难为无米之炊 If you have no hand you can’t make a fist. One can’t make bricks without straw.
42.千里之行始于足下 a thousand-li journey begins with the first step--the highest eminence is to be gained step by step
43.前事不忘后事之师 Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future.
44.前人栽树后人乘凉 One generation plants the trees in whose shade another generation rests.One sows and another reaps.
45.前怕狼后怕虎 fear the wolf in front and the tiger behind hesitate in doing something
46.强龙难压地头蛇 Even a dragon (from the outside) finds it hard to control a snake in its old haunt - Powerful outsiders can hardly afford to neglect local bullies.
47.强强联手 win-win co-operation
48.瑞雪兆丰年 A timely snow promises a good harvest.
49.人之初性本善 Man’s nature at birth is good.
50.人逢喜事精神爽 Joy puts heart into a man.
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